cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Does it all Mean? Interpreting Respiratory Pathogen Survey Results for Bighorn Sheep Management

Respiratory disease has been a major challenge for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) conservation and is a dominant factor influencing management decisions of bighorn sheep, however; much about the disease process remains unknown. Decades of research have compiled considerable evidence that domestic sheep and goats can transmit the disease to bighorn sheep as well as strong evidence for several bacterial organisms as causative agents for the disease. However, there are examples of bighorn populations hosting the agents linked to respiratory disease with little demographic side-effects. Further, the immediate cause of disease events often remains undetermined. Two general hypotheses exist to explain observed disease events in wildlife populations: 1) A disease event is caused by introduction of a novel pathogen from neighboring or sympatric host populations or; 2) A disease event is caused by certain conditions triggering endemic pathogens to become virulent to the host. While the extent to which these competing hypotheses explain observed respiratory disease events in bighorn sheep is unknown, the appropriate management actions to address disease due to these different processes are very different. Effectively addressing these hypotheses and better understanding the major causes of observed respiratory disease events is a challenge and requires rigorous and repeated pathogen sampling in bighorn populations both affected and seemingly unaffected by respiratory disease. This presentation provides a brief background of bighorn respiratory disease, highlights the challenges of interpreting respiratory pathogen survey results to inform management as well as recent advances in respiratory pathogen research that have promise to help further inform management decisions.
Cell Adhesive Properties of Bioelastic Materials Containing Cell Attachment Sequences

The biocompatibility, conformational and inverse temperature transition properties of poly(Vall-Pro2-Gly3-Va14- Gly5), i.e., poly(VPGVG), and its 7-irradiation crosslinked matrix and the poly(VPGVG)-derived hydrophobicity scale are noted. Also noted are the capacities of varying the bioactive role of bioelastic materials; that is, the bioelastic materials can be designed (1) to exhibit a range of elastic moduli, (2) to exhibit different rates of degradation, (3) for various modes of drug release, (4) to perform numerous free energy transductions, (5) to contain functional enzyme sites, and (6) to contain functional cell attachment sequences that promote growth to confluence.
Controlling Strategy Retransmissions in Named Data Networking

Named Data Networking (NDN), an information-centric Internet architecture, contains a new architectural component named the strategy layer. This component introduces a new forwarding model, in which a forwarding strategy decides how to forward an Interest packet. In NDN, an application can pair its namespace to use a specific forwarding strategy in the local host, but has no control over the strategies used in remote routers. Despite the central role the forwarding strategy plays, its interaction with applications has not been explored or well understood. In this paper we study and decompose the core mechanisms of a forwarding strategy in NDN. We illustrate how the correctness of some NDN applications can be affected by the coupling between the application design and the strategy decision to retransmit an unsatisfied Interest. This coupling creates challenges for application developers, who must implement their fixed application logic on a variable forwarding mechanism, and can lead to failure of application correctness and performance. We propose a new retransmission abstraction that decouples this strategy mechanism from the application design, and differentiates application Interests from network retransmissions. This allows every application to determine its own retransmission policy. We show that in some use cases the proposed abstraction can maintain continuous traffic flow regardless of the strategy used.
Real Axis Nonsingularity Concept for Checking Robust Stability of Interval Parameter Matrices

Abstract This paper addresses a current research topic of high interest, namely the issue of developing computationally tractable necessary and sufficient tests for checking the robust stability of an interval parameter matrix and first reviews the qualitative necessary and sufficient conditions obtained in the literature using Kronecker operation based composite matrices which convert the robust stability problem to a robust nonsingularity problem. The special nature of these ‘composite Kronecker’ matrices is exploited with the introduction of a concept labeled ‘real axis nonsingularity’. Then few more concepts are introduced that may be helpful for ascertaining robust real axis nonsingularity .
Matrix sketching for big data reduction (Conference Presentation)

Abstract: In recent years, the concept of Big Data has become a more prominent issue as the volume of data as well as the velocity in which it is produced exponentially increases. By 2020 the amount of data being stored is estimated to be 44 Zettabytes and currently over 31 Terabytes of data is being generated every second. Algorithms and applications must be able to effectively scale to the volume of data being generated. One such application designed to effectively and efficiently work with Big Data is IBM’s Skylark. Part of DARPA’s XDATA program, an open-source catalog of tools to deal with Big Data; Skylark, or Sketching-based Matrix Computations for Machine Learning is a library of functions designed to reduce the complexity of large scale matrix problems that also implements kernel-based machine learning tasks. Sketching reduces the dimensionality of matrices through randomization and compresses matrices while preserving key properties, speeding up computations. Matrix sketches can be used to find accurate solutions to computations in less time, or can summarize data by identifying important rows and columns. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of sketched matrix computations using IBM’s Skylark versus non-sketched computations. We judge effectiveness based on several factors: computational complexity and validity of outputs. Initial results from testing with smaller matrices are promising, showing that Skylark has a considerable reduction ratio while still accurately performing matrix computations.
Paper 31: Lubrication and Wear Fundamentals for High-Vacuum Applications

The problems of lubrication and wear in vacuum are mostly caused by the low pressure and the lack of oxygen. Important considerations are: (1) inability to maintain oxide films; (2) evaporation of lubricants and (3) poor heat transfer. The usefulness of the adhesion concept of friction is demonstrated by correlation of cleavage and adhesion studies with sliding friction. Behaviour of solids in these areas of study is significantly influenced by crystal structure and atomic bonding forces. Better definition of surface, lubricating films and slider material on the basis of atomic arrangement in crystals and molecules is required for continued progress.Metals and alloys with hexagonal crystal structure and a c/a stacking ratio approaching ideal (1·633) have useful friction and wear properties. Crystal structures of inorganic lubricants are also important. Adhesion between surfaces in sliding contact may result in junctions formed from (1) diffusion bonding (i.e. solid solubility), (2) chemical bonding and (3...
Generic programming with dependent types

Some programs are doubly generic. For example, map is datatype-generic in that many different data structures support a mapping operation. A generic programming language like Generic Haskell can use a single definition to generate map for each type. However, map is also arity-generic because it belongs to a family of related operations that differ in the number of arguments. For lists, this family includes familiar functions from the Haskell standard library (such as repeat, map, and zipWith). This tutorial explores these forms of genericity individually and together. These two axes are not orthogonal: datatype-generic versions of repeat, map and zipWith have different arities of kind-indexed types. We explore these forms of genericity in the context of the Agda programming language, using the expressiveness of dependent types to capture both forms of genericity in a common framework. Therefore, this tutorial serves as an introduction to dependently typed languages as well as generic programming. The target audience of this work is someone who is familiar with functional programming languages, such as Haskell or ML, but would like to learn about dependently typed languages. We do not assume prior experience with Agda, type- or arity-generic programming.
Blue-Light Photoreception in the Inhibition and Synchronization of Growth and Transport in the Yeast Saccharomyces*

Visible light has been shown to inhibit growth [8, 10, 18], respiration [10, 12, 14], protein synthesis [9], and membrane transport [18] in bakers’ yeast and to have a deleterious effect on membrane integrity [18]. Several observations suggest that cytochromes participate in these inhibitory light effects. Blue light has been identified as the maximally inhibitory wavelength in investigations on growth, protein synthesis, and respiration [8, 9] and on respiratory adaptation [11] of anaerobically grown yeast cells. Ninnemann et al. [15] have shown that the inhibition of respiration by high intensity blue light was due to the destruction of cytochromes a/a3 and partial destruction of cytochrome b. Finally, we have recently demonstrated [18] that respiratory-deficient petite (rho -) yeasts lacking cytochromes b and a/a3 are resistant to light intensities that photokill wild-type (rho +) parent cells.
Effect of oxygen distribution on the resistivity in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-//sub delta/ oxides (0less than or equal todelta<0. 8)

The resistivity variation in ceramic YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-//sub delta/ (0less than or equal todelta 0 due to a surface energy barrier E/sub out/ = 1.7 +- 0.1 eV.
Links between early Paleozoic oxygenation and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): A review

Abstract The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) represents a four-fold increase of genus-level diversity that post-dates the diversification of the ‘Cambrian explosion’ by 40–50 Myr. A major increase in atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels is thought to be a leading cause of the ‘Cambrian explosion’ that lowered metabolic costs associated with skeletal and collagen biomineralization. The cause(s) of the GOBE, however, is (are) less well understood, and may include a cooling climate, increased nutrient availability, higher sea levels and increased ecospace, and further oxygenation of shallow marine environments. Atmospheric O2 levels are difficult to quantitatively estimate, particularly whether oxygenation was a plausible driver of the GOBE, because O2 estimates are hampered in part by the coarse time resolution of redox proxy records (e.g., iron-based geochemical data) and isotope mass balance models. Newly published high-resolution geochemical trends are used to better constrain the timing and degree of oxygenation across the GOBE, which include traditional methods such as stable carbon (δ13C) and sulfur (δ34S) isotope trends to estimate O2 levels on a global scale, and local-scale redox-sensitive proxies such as iodine (I/Ca) and trace metal concentrations and isotopes (e.g., Mo and U). Taken together, geochemical evidence suggests that Ordovician environments became progressively more oxygenated following the end of recurrent anoxic events and extinctions of late Cambrian and Early Ordovician marine faunas. A sluggishly circulating Cambrian global ocean could have maintained an oxycline in the water column that impinged upon the continental shelf, which extended into wide expanses of shallow shelf settings during relative sea level rises that caused positive δ13C and δ34S excursions and mass extinctions. Ordovician oxygenation roughly corresponds to cessation of positive δ13C excursions (i.e., shallow water anoxia) and the major pulses of biodiversification that comprise the GOBE, suggesting that oxygenation was an important driver of Ordovician biodiversity. Anoxic conditions below an oxycline that impinged upon the continental shelf likely persisted until the Devonian when a cooler climate invigorated circulation and ventilated the global ocean, with the possible exception of some isolated basins that were persistently anoxic.
Radiation-Pressure-Enabled Traceable Laser Sources at CW Powers up to 50 kW

Radiation pressure has recently been shown to have practical application for multikilowatt continuous wave (CW) laser power measurement. One key advantage lies in its ability to measure without absorbing the laser beam. This enables a new measurement paradigm where laser power can be measured traceable to the SI without perturbing the beam. Combining this measurement scheme with a laser constitutes a “traceable source” where laser output power is traceable to the SI in real time. This greatly simplifies the calibration process for multikilowatt laser power meters and yields a path to high-accuracy laser-based material processing. Here, we discuss the state of the art of this approach by describing recent results from calibrations of laser power meters performed using a radiation-pressure-enabled traceable source at CW powers from 1 to 50 kW. We describe measurement results and uncertainty contributions with expanded uncertainties at or below 1.7% for powers above 10 kW. We also briefly discuss the status of development of a radiation-pressure-based technology designed to provide source traceability in the laser manufacturing environment.
Implementation of the VA Symptom Assessment Scale (VSAS): Five-year experience.

e23120Background: Cancer patients experience symptoms which may precede diagnosis, occur during therapy, and persist into survivorship. Symptom assessments and patient reported outcomes have been s...
The evaluation of RNA-Seq de novo assembly by PacBio long read sequencing

RNA-Seq de novo assembly is an important method to generate transcriptomes for non-model organisms before any downstream analysis. Given many great de novo assembly methods developed by now, one critical issue is that there is no consensus on the evaluation of de novo assembly methods yet. Therefore, to set up a benchmark for evaluating the quality of de novo assemblies is very critical. Addressing this challenge will help us deepen the insights on the properties of different de novo assemblers and their evaluation methods, and provide hints on choosing the best assembly sets as transcriptomes of non-model organisms for the further functional analysis. In this article, we generate a real-time transcriptome using PacBio long reads as a benchmark for evaluating five de novo assemblers and two model-based de novo assembly evaluation methods. By comparing the de novo assemblies generated by RNA-Seq short reads with the real-time transcriptome from the same biological sample, we find that Trinity is best at the completeness by generating more assemblies than the alternative assemblers, but less continuous and having more misassemblies; Oases is best at the continuity and specificity, but less complete; The performance of SOAPdenovo-Trans, Trans-AByss and IDBA-Tran are in between of five assemblers. For evaluation methods, DETONATE leverages multiple aspects of the assembly set and ranks the assembly set with an average performance as the best, meanwhile the contig score can serve as a good metric to select assemblies with high completeness, specificity, continuity but not sensitive to misassemblies; TransRate contig score is useful for removing misassemblies, yet often the assemblies in the optimal set is too few to be used as a transcriptome.
Energy-Efficient Motion-Triggered IoT CMOS Image Sensor With Capacitor Array-Assisted Charge-Injection SAR ADC

We propose a low-power image sensor with a motion-based triggering feature for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The sensor supports the near-pixel [within analog-to-digital converter (ADC)] motion-detection mode run on a heavily subsampled frame (32 $\times $ 20 pixels, while consuming only 1.7 $\mu \text{J}$ /frame) to trigger full-array capture only when a significant change has happened in the scene. Also, to maximize energy efficiency and image quality of the sensor, we propose a column-parallel capacitor array-assisted charge-injection SAR ADC that achieves 10b operation with readout noise of 226 $\mu V_{\text {rms}}$ , which can be lowered to 104 $\mu V_{\text {rms}}$ using multiple sampling. The ADC is highly energy efficient with best-in-class energy consumption of 63.6 pJ/frame/pixel and ADC Figure of Merit (FoM) of 14.4 $\mu V_{\text {rms}}\cdot $ nJ in full-array capture mode.
Rifabutin corneal deposits localized to the deep stroma using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate that rifabutin-related corneal deposits are localized to the deep stroma using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy. Observations A 55-year-old male with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex on rifabutin treatment for 3 years presented with bilateral corneal deposits. Confocal microscopy and anterior segment OCT confirm that rifabutin-related corneal deposits are located in the deep stroma, rather than in the endothelium. Conclusions And Importance: Rifabutin deposits localize to the deep corneal stroma, and can be seen with both confocal microscopy and anterior segment OCT. Anterior segment OCT is a widely available and easily used diagnostic tool, and can provide utility in the diagnosis of corneal deposits.
Twenty Things Real Estate Attorneys Can Do to Not Mess Up a Section 1031 Exchange (Part 2: Items 11–20)

The article linked below is the second installment of a two-part article identifying issues that can mess up section 1031 exchanges. The article addresses topics that should help attorneys avoid the horror stories of poorly structured drop-and-swap transactions or TIC arrangements. Exchanges also get thwarted by the related-party rules or stall because of misinformation regarding those rules. Even seemingly mundane aspects of a transaction, such as a closing statement, may be the source of tax issues in a section 1031 exchange and can benefit from being worked through thoughtfully. A review and awareness of such issues will help improve the practice in this area and save property owners tax dollars. This second installment of the article covers the following 10 items: Item 11: Don't drop the ball on a drop-and-swap Item 12: Know what a TIC is and isn't Item 13: Know that an S corporation is not a tax partnership Item 14: Recognize you're not a DST, NNN, or TIC broker Item 15: Use caution if replacement property comes from a related party Item 16: Know that serial exchanges are an exception to the general related-party prohibition Item 17: Selling to a related party is probably fine Item 18: Know when the exchange period ends Item 19: Follow the money: replace value, replace equity Item 20: Have the best section 1031 people in your contacts folder
Non‐parametric survival analysis of infectious disease data

This paper develops nonparametric methods based on contact intervals for the analysis of infectious disease data. The contact interval from person i to person j is the time between the onset of infectiousness in i and infectious contact from i to j, where we define infectious contact as a contact sufficient to infect a susceptible individual. The hazard function of the contact interval distribution equals the hazard of infectious contact from i to j, so it provides a summary of the evolution of infectiousness over time. When who-infects-whom is observed, the Nelson-Aalen estimator produces an unbiased estimate of the cumulative hazard function of the contact interval distribution. When who-infects-whom is not observed, we use an EM algorithm to average the Nelson-Aalen estimates from all possible combinations of who-infected-whom consistent with the observed data. This converges to a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate of the cumulative hazard function that we call the marginal Nelson-Aalen estimate. We study the behavior of these methods in simulations and use them to analyze household surveillance data from the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic.
Imaging Review of Pediatric Benign Osteocytic Tumors and Latest Updates on Management

Pediatric benign osteocytic tumors include osteoma, enostosis, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. In pediatric populations, benign bone tumors are more common than malignancies. Benign osteocytic tumors may have a unique clinical presentation that helps narrow the differential diagnosis. A systemic imaging approach should be utilized to reach the diagnosis and guide clinicians in management. Radiographs are the most prevalent and cost-effective imaging modality. Cross-sectional imaging can be utilized for tissue characterization and for evaluation of lesions involving complex anatomical areas such as the pelvis and spine. Computed Tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. CT scan can also be utilized to guide radiofrequency ablation, which has been found to be highly effective in treating osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Enostosis is a no-touch lesion. Osteoma is commonly located in the paranasal sinuses. Osteoma needs an excision if it causes complications due to a mass effect.
Tensile Behavior of As-Fabricated and Burner-Rig Exposed SiC/SiC Composites with Hi-Nicalon Type-S Fibers

Tensile stress-strain curves were measured at room temperature and 1315 C for 2D-woven SiC/BN/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) reinforced by two variations of Hi-Nicalon Type-S SiC fibers. These fibers, which contained a thin continuous carbon-rich layer on their as-produced surface, provided the as-fabricated CMC with good composite behavior and an ultimate strength and strain of -350 MPa and -0.5%, respectively. However, after un-stressed burner-rig exposure at 815 C for -100 hrs, CMC tensile specimens with cut edges and exposed interphases showed a significant decrease in ultimate properties with effectively no composite behavior. Microstructural observations show that the degradation was caused by internal fiber-fiber oxide bonding after removal of the carbon-rich fiber surface layer by the high-velocity combustion gases. On the other hand, SiC/BN/SiC CMC with Sylramic-iBN fibers without carbon-rich surfaces showed higher as-fabricated strength and no loss in strength after the same burner rig exposure. Based on the strong role of the carbon layer in these observations, a process method was developed and demonstrated for achieving better strength retention of Hi-Nicalon Type-S CMC during burner rig exposure. Other general approaches for minimizing this current deficiency with as-produced Type-S fibers are discussed.
Characterizing the effects of clock jitter due to substrate noise in discrete-time /spl Delta///spl Sigma/ modulators

This paper investigates the impact of clock jitter induced by substrate noise on the performance of the oversampling /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators. First, a new stochastic model for substrate noise is proposed. This model is then utilized to study the clock jitter in clock generators incorporating phase-locked loops (PLLs). Next, the effect of the clock jitter on the performance of the /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator is studied. It will be shown that substrate noise degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of the /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator while the noise shaping does not have any effect on clock jitter induced by substrate noise. To verify the analysis experimentally, a circuit consisting of a second-order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator, a charge-pump PLL, and forty multistage digital tapered inverters driving 1pF capacitors is designed in a 0.25/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Several experiments on the designed circuit demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed analytical models.
The Leviathan Lottery? Testing the revenue maximization objective of State lotteries as evidence for Leviathan

Unlike other governmental units, statelottery agencies publicly acknowledge thattheir primary objective is revenuemaximization. This claim and the inherentmonopoly power of lottery agencies providesa unique arena to test for Leviathan. Withdata obtained from United States' lotterygames, I perform a Laffer curve analysis toderive the optimal lottery tax rates fordifferent categories of games. Theseoptimal tax rates and Monte Carlosimulations are then used to test whetherthe current tax structure of lottery gamesis indeed the revenue maximizing structure. I find strong empirical evidence for the``Leviathan Lottery''.
Ethnography and Organizational Learning: In Pursuit of Learning at Work

This paper considers the question of ”organizational learning” and finds the organization to be much more problematic than the learning. It reports on the successful experimental use of radios to support field service work, in particular to facilitate learning from experience on the job. This worked well, but the corporate response to the eperiment suggests that the organization enacted by management differs significantly from that enacted by those doing the work of the corporation.
An integrated decision support framework for managing and interpreting information in process diagnosis

Abstract In this paper we describe and demonstrate a comprehensive decision support framework for rapid operator understanding of abnormal plant situations. The operational objective is to manage fault situations that are on a trajectory to exceed the capabilities of distributed control (or optimization), but have not yet reached alarm limits. This is accomplished through early detection of an abnormal situation, assimilation of relevant information for quick understanding, rapid assessment and diagnostic localization. The early detection, assimilation and assessment components are briefly described in the context of the operator Graphical User Interface (GUI). The paper focuses on diagnostic localization, diagnosis to a level of explanatory detail that is just sufficient for operator action.
Potential Health Effects of Fume Particles on the Crew of Spacecrafts

The effect of the size of polymer (e.g., Teflon) particles in fumes inhaled by spacecraft personnel on the condition of the lung tissue and on the recovery of the exposed subjects was investigated in rats receiving a single intrapulmonary instillation, or repeated inhalation exposures to either TiO2 particles with primary particle diameter 20 nm, or TiO2 particles with primary particle diameter 250 nm. It was found that rats exposed to 20-nm-diam particles showed a dramatically higher toxicity and slower recovery compared to the group exposed to the 250-nm-diam particles, due to a larger extent of penetration of the interstitium of the lung by the finer particles.
The Cutaneous Response in Humans to Treponema pallidum Lipoprotein Analogues Involves Cellular Elements of Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

To extend prior studies implicating treponemal lipoproteins as major proinflammatory agonists of syphilitic infection, we examined the responses induced by intradermal injection of human subjects with synthetic lipoprotein analogues (lipopeptides) corresponding to the N termini of the 17- and 47-kDa lipoproteins of Treponema pallidum. Responses were assessed visually and by flow cytometric analysis of dermal leukocyte populations within fluids aspirated from suction blisters raised over the injection sites. Lipopeptides elicited dose-dependent increases in erythema/induration and cellular infiltrates. Compared with peripheral blood, blister fluids were highly enriched for monocytes/macrophages, cutaneous lymphocyte Ag-positive memory T cells, and dendritic cells. PB and blister fluids contained highly similar ratios of CD123(-)/CD11c(+) (DC1) and CD123(+)/CD11c(-) (DC2) dendritic cells. Staining for maturation/differentiation markers (CD83, CD1a) and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) revealed that blister fluid DC1, but not DC2, cells were more developmentally advanced than their peripheral blood counterparts. Of particular relevance to the ability of syphilitic lesions to facilitate the transmission of M-tropic strains of HIV-1 was a marked enhancement of CCR5 positivity among mononuclear cells in the blister fluids. Treponemal lipopeptides have the capacity to induce an inflammatory milieu reminiscent of that found in early syphilis lesions. In contrast with in vitro studies, which have focused upon the ability of these agonists to stimulate isolated innate immune effector cells, in this study we show that in a complex tissue environment these molecules have the capacity to recruit cellular elements representing the adaptive as well as the innate arm of the cellular immune response.
Automated Scoring of Speaking Tasks in the Test of English‐for‐Teaching (TEFT™)

This research report presents a summary of research and development efforts devoted to creating scoring models for automatically scoring spoken item responses of a pilot administration of the Test of English-for-Teaching (TEFT™) within the ELTeach™ framework. The test consists of items for all four language modalities: reading, listening, writing, and speaking. This report only addresses the speaking items, which elicit responses ranging from highly predictable to semipredictable speech from nonnative English teachers or teacher candidates. We describe the components of the system for automated scoring, comprising an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, a set of filtering models to flag nonscorable responses, linguistic measures relating to the various construct subdimensions, and multiple linear regression scoring models for each item type. Our system is set up to simulate a hybrid system whereby responses flagged as potentially nonscorable by any component of the filtering model are routed to a human rater, and all other responses are scored automatically by our system.
3-D model-data correspondence and nonrigid deformation

Modeling nonrigid moving 3-D objects entails recovery of global motion, global shape, and local shape. The already difficult problem of tracking nonrigid local shape is made worse by the need for a model-data correspondence scheme to make tracking possible. Both problems are addressed. Various methods for establishing 3-D model-data correspondence are discussed, and a correspondence scheme for tessellated data is presented. A force-based method for nonrigid motion tracking is presented. The authors' method does not use complex finite element techniques but follows a residual force-based dynamic model for local deformation. Another novel feature is that the net forces are obtained by an adaptive force distribution scheme which ensures smooth and stable deformation. Results are presented of tracking simulated as well as real 3-D data of the inner wall of the heart ventricle from segmented magnetic resonance images. >
Simultaneous control of a rod equation and a simple Schro¨dinger equation

Abstract We show that a corollary of a local approximate controllability result for the bilinear rod equation in [1] is that the controls which “steer” the modes of the rod equation also move the modes of a controlled Schrodinger equation. Specifying a target point for the Schrodinger system restricts but does not determine the outcome of the controlled rod equation. The local result is a special case of a general local result for hyperbolic systems, which is used in [1] to obtain a global approximate controllability result. After modifying the latter, we obtain a global result for the two systems.
Skin ulceration potential without therapeutic anticancer activity for epipodophyllotoxin commercial diluents.

The epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26), are highly lipophilic anticancer drugs supplied with novel commercial solvent systems. A BALB/c mouse skin toxicity model was used to evaluate the ulcerative potential of intradermal (ID) VP-16 and its lipophilic solvent system along with the main ingredient of the VM-26 solvent, polyethoxylated castor oil (PECO). ID VP-16 caused dose-dependent ulceration following 0.17 mg, 0.33 mg (50 mg/M2) or 1.0 mg (150 mg/M2). Both normal saline (0.05 ml ID) and hyaluronidase (7.5 u ID) were effective as local VP-16 antidotes, presumably by diluting out the extravasated drug. The VP-16 solvent alone was as toxic as the 1.0 mg (undiluted) ID VP-16 injection. ID PECO was mildly ulcerative in mouse skin. When given to P-388 lymphocytic leukemia-bearing mice, both VP-16 (24 mg/kg IP for 3 doses) and VM-26 (8 mg/kg IP for 2 doses) were active, producing increased life spans (ILS) of 160% and 90%, respectively. The solvents, given IP at the same schedule, did not increase or decrease the life span of tumor-bearing mice, but did increase morbidity. In an in vitro human tumor clonogenic assay (WiDr colon carcinoma and HEC-1A endometrial carcinoma in soft agar), both VP-16 and VM-26 showed moderate to complete inhibition of tumor colony forming units (TCFUs) by continuous exposure. 1-h drug exposures were marginally active at reducing TCFUs. None of the epipodohyllotoxin diluents at clinical concentrations reduced TCFUs. At very high concentrations, both epipodophyllotoxins were cytotoxic. They were more effective at reducing TCFUs when plated as a continuous exposure rather than a 1-h exposure.
Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 2. Surface- wave instabilities

A planar liquid layer is bounded below by a rigid plate and above by an interface with a passive gas. A steady shear flow is set up by imposing a temperature gradient along the layer and driving the motion by thermocapillarity. This dynamic state is susceptible to surface-wave instabilities that couple the interfacial deflection to the underlying shear flow. These instabilities are found to be directly related to the two-dimensional waves on an isothermal layer subject to wind shear as described by Miles and by Smith & Davis. Hence the surface-tension gradients are important only in that they drive the basic shear flow. The surface-wave stability characteristics for liquid layers with and without return-flow profiles are presented, and special attention is paid to long-wave instabilities. Comparisons are made with available experimental observations.
The Epidemiology of Malignant Hyperthermia Events in North America

This chapter presents preliminary data drawn from the North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry concerning the epidemiology of malignant hyperthermia (MH) events in North America.
Teaching on the wiki web

A wiki is a completely interactive web site. Any page can be edited by any visitor. It is driven by a specialized web server or set of cgi scripts generating dynamic pages from the results of visitor edits. A visitor edits a page by grabbing the current content of a page in an ordinary web form and editing it arbitrarily and then saving it back. Users can also create new pages. Generally the name of a page is the name of a topic. Most wikis are text only. The syntax of a wiki is simpler than HTML, but HTML is recognized by some wikis. Some wikis are very easy to administer. There is no history or automatic backup, however. A wiki is totally "live.
Diurnal feeding and drinking patterns of adult cats as affected by changes in the level of fat in the diet

A continuous on-line computerized monitoring system was used to measure food and water intake patterns of mature cats during consecutive low-fat (3 week) or high-fat (3 week) feeding. Cats consumed less of the high-fat than the low-fat diet such that their mean daily gross energy intake was the same for both diets. It was concluded that cats regulate their daily food intake on the basis of energy density. High-fat substitution caused a reduction in the quantity of food consumed in the dark cycle. There was no apparent change in either the light- or dark-cycle meal frequency, both the light- and dark-cycle average meal size were curtailed. Water intake did not vary significantly between low- and high-fat diets. There was no significant difference in number of drinking bouts or average bout volume for the low- and high-fat diets in both the light and dark cycles. Two diet-choice trials produced no clear preference for the low- or high-fat diet. It appears that the fat content, independent of flavor components or physical consistency, has little effect on dietary preference of the cat.
Testicular metastasis from carcinoma of prostate

Metastatic involvement of the testis from prostatic carcinoma is rare despite the high frequency of the primary tumor and its ability for wide dissemination. We report 2 cases discovered after therapeutic orchiectomy in patients with advanced disease. The clinical implications of this lesion and a review of the literature on secondary testicular tumors are presented.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presenting as a neurodegenerative disease in infancy

An infant with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis resulting from California virus infection presented with a neurodegenerative clinical picture. The clinical course was complicated by infantile spasms which responded to treatment with corticotropin. Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis should be included in the diagnostic evaluation of patients who present with subacute regression of developmental milestones.
Modeling Fast Electron Dynamics with Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Application to Small Molecules and Chromophores

The response of matter to external fields forms the basis for a vast wealth of fundamental physical processes ranging from light harvesting to nanoscale electron transport. Accurately modeling ultrafast electron dynamics in excited systems thus offers unparalleled insight but requires an inherently nonlinear time-resolved approach. To this end, an efficient and massively parallel real-time real-space time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) implementation in NWChem is presented. The implementation is first validated against linear-response TDDFT and experimental results for a series of molecules subjected to small electric field perturbations. Second, nonlinear excitation of green fluorescent protein is studied, which shows a blue-shift in the spectrum with increasing perturbation, as well as a saturation in absorption. Next, the charge dynamics of optically excited zinc porphyrin is presented in real time and real space, with relevance to charge injection in photovoltaic devices. Finally, inte...
Fe2+–Mg fractionation between orthopyroxene and spinel: experimental calibration in the system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–Cr2O3–SiO2, and applications

We have determined the equilibrium Fe2+–Mg fractionation between orthopyroxene and spinel in the ferromagnesium system at 0.9–1.4 GPa, 850–1,250 °C, and also as a function of the Cr/Al ratio of spinel at 1.24 GPa, 1,000 °C. At each P–T condition, the equilibrium value of the distribution coefficient, KD(Fe–Mg), was constrained by experiments with crystalline starting mixtures, and approaching from both higher and lower initial values. The experimental data have been cast, within a thermodynamic framework, in the form of a geothermometer in the system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–Cr2O3–SiO2 (FMACrS). Using the data of O'Neill and Wall (1987) on the thermodynamic properties of Fe3+ and Ti4+ bearing spinels, we extended the thermometric formulation to account for the effect of these components. However, practical application of the extended formulation is beset with the problem of accurate determination of Fe3+ content of natural minerals. Using published data, the thermometric formulation in the FMACrS system has been applied to a number of natural assemblages that have small Fe3+ content. The retrieved temperatures are generally higher, on the average by ~60 °C, than those obtained from the olivine-spinel Fe2+–Mg exchange thermometer of O'Neill and Wall, as modified by Ballhaus et al. (1991), but are more compatible with the original temperature estimates by the authors of the publications. The smaller Fe2+–Mg interdiffusion coefficient, D(Fe–Mg), in orthopyroxene compared with those in both olivine and spinel is expected to yield higher temperatures from orthopyroxene–spinel than from olivine–spinel thermometry.
Unmitigated Communion and Health Among Adolescents With and Without Diabetes The Mediating Role of Eating Disturbances

The authors examined the implications of unmitigated communion--a focus on others to the exclusion of the self--for psychological and physical health among adolescents with (n = 132) and without (n = 131) diabetes times/during a 1-year period. Unmitigated communion predicted greater psychological distress and lower levels of competence cross-sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for sex, pubertal status, and communion. Health status moderated some longitudinal relations, such that relations held only for adolescents with diabetes. In addition, unmitigated communion was associated with poor metabolic control and predicted a deterioration in metabolic control over the year for adolescents with diabetes. Unmitigated communion also was associated with disturbed eating behavior cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and disturbed eating behavior explained some of the relations of unmitigated communion to psychological but not physical health outcomes.
p53 expression controls prostate cancer sensitivity to chemotherapy and the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3.

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and approximately one-third of those diagnosed succumb to the disease. The development of prostate cancer from small regions of hyperplasia to invasive tumors requires genetic and epigenetic alterations of critical cellular components to aid in the development of cells more adapted for aberrant growth. The p53 transcription factor is a critical element in the cell’s ability to regulate the cell cycle and its response to DNA damage. Mutations within the DNA-binding domain of p53 are common and allow the formation of tetramers; however, these alterations prevent this protein complex from associating with target gene promoters. In the present study, we examined the effects of p53 functionality in prostate cancer cells that harbored wild-type (WT) or mutant forms of the protein in response to commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. The androgen receptor positive 22Rv-1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines carry WT p53 and were demonstrated to have a decrease in chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity when transfected with a dominant-negative (DN) p53. Conversely, expression of the WT p53 in the p53-mutated and more advanced DU145 prostate cancer cell line significantly increased its overall sensitivity to anti-neoplastic drugs. Furthermore, analysis of colony formation in soft agar revealed that the functional status of p53 in each cell line altered the cell’s ability to proliferate in an anchorage-independent fashion. Prostate cancer colony growth was more prevalent when p53 transcriptional activity was decreased, whereas growth was more limited in the presence of functional p53. These results demonstrate that the functional status of the tumor suppressor p53 is important in the progression of prostate cancer and dictates the overall effectiveness a given drug would have on disease treatment.
Dynamics of fractal colloidal aggregates

Dynamic light-scattering measurements on fractal aggregates of colloidal silica show that the mean decay rate (Rayleigh linewidth) of the intensity autocorrelation function scales like q/sup 2.7/, where q is the momentum transfer. This result is compared to the q/sup 3/ prediction for percolation clusters and the more complex results derived here for cluster-cluster aggregation.
Dinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes containing β-diketonate terminal ligands bridged by 2,2′-bipyrimidine

Abstract Reactions of lanthanide(III) (Ln III ) salts with the polyazine bridging ligand 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm) and β-diketonate terminal ligands yield 16 new monometallic and bimetallic complexes of the form Ln(tl) 3 bpm and [Ln(tl) 3 ] 2 bpm respectively, where tl = terminal ligand. Formation of the dinuclear complex is governed by the size of the lanthanide metal and the type of terminal ligand. The smallest Ln III metals form dinuclear complexes when the terminal ligand consists of an aromatic and a fluoro group. The largest Ln III metals (Pr and Nd) form only mononuclear complexes with the bpm bridging ligands regardless of the terminal ligand. The electronic spectra of the complexes is dominated by the π−π ∗ transitions associated with the terminal ligand and the emission spectra are due to 4f–4f lanthanide transitions.
Automated Vehicle Structural Crashworthiness Design via a Crash Mode Matching Algorithm

This paper presents an automated algorithm for the design of vehicle structures for crashworthiness based on the analyses of the structural crash mode (CM). The CM is the history of the deformation of the different zones of the vehicle structure during a crash event. The algorithm emulates a manual design process called crash mode matching where crashworthiness is improved by manually modifying the design until its CM matches what the designers deem as optimal. Given an initial design and a desired crash mode, the proposed algorithm iteratively finds new designs that have better crashworthiness performance via stochastic sampling of the design space. In every iteration of the algorithm, a number of sample designs are generated through a normal distribution on neighboring regions of the search space to the current design, and the best among the samples is chosen as the new design. The mean and the standard deviation of the normal distributions are adjusted in each iteration by examining the crash mode of the current design and by applying a set of fuzzy logic rules that encapsulate elementary knowledge of the CM matching practice. Two case studies, examining a front half vehicle as well as fully detailed vehicle models, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Chaperone-protein interactions that mediate assembly of the bacteriophage lambda tail to the correct length

Bacteriophage λ makes two proteins with overlapping amino acid sequences that are essential for tail assembly. These two proteins, gpG and gpGT, are related by a programmed translational frameshift that is conserved among diverse phages and functions in λ to ensure that gpG and the frameshift product gpGT are made in a molar ratio of approximately 30:1. Although both proteins are required and must be present in the correct ratio for assembly of functional tails, neither is present in mature tails. During λ tail assembly, major tail protein gpV polymerizes to form a long tube whose length is controlled by the tape measure protein gpH. We show that the “G” domains of gpG and gpGT bind to all or parts of tail length tape measure protein gpH and that the “T” domain of gpGT binds to major tail shaft subunit gpV, and present a model for how gpG and gpGT chaperone gpH and direct the polymerization of gpV to form a tail of the correct length.