cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Midazolam for Minimal Sedation in Pediatric Outpatients: A Survey Analysis of Patient Experience and Parent-Guardian Satisfaction.

Background Use of procedural sedation to promote anxiolysis, analgesia, and amnesia enhances both pediatric patient experience and procedural outcomes. Sanford Children's outpatient sedation clinic currently uses oral midazolam for minimal sedation. Methods A research survey was designed to evaluate parent/guardian satisfaction with midazolam for pediatric sedation in simple outpatient procedures including, bot linum toxin injections, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and intravenous line placement. Parents'/ guardians' understanding of the sedation and procedural logistics were surveyed and their satisfaction with the child's comfort, recovery time, and overall satisfaction were assessed. Each component was rated on a scale of 1-10, 1 being not satisfied and 10 as extremely satisfied. Results The study was conducted at a single pediatric outpatient center. Forty-one parents/guardians of patients aged 22 months-17 years were recruited; of these, 41 consented and enrolled in the study. Average age was 6.1 years with 22 females and 19 males. Of the surveys collected, 30 were botulinum toxin injections, eight VCUG, one contrast enema, and two were not recorded. Mean survey results were 8.7 (95 percent CI, 8.2-9.2) for satisfaction of recovery time, 8.0 (95 percent CI, 7.4-8.6) for control of discomfort and 8.4 (95 percent CI, 7.9-8.9) for overall satisfaction. Conclusion When evaluating midazolam as a sedation agent in pediatric procedures, parents/guardians were most satisfied with the duration of recovery and had the lowest satisfaction on control of the patient's discomfort. Overall, it can be concluded that midazolam is a moderately good agent for pediatric patients receiving minimal sedation, with the greatest satisfaction in the duration of recovery.
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: a Review

Patients with cancer have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Cancer-associated VTE is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of VTE in cancer is associated with higher rates of recurrent thrombosis as well as major bleeding compared with the general population. The goal of this review is to provide a summary of current evidence for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated VTE. Validated risk prediction models are available to aide clinicians in identifying patients with cancer with the highest risk of VTE. Those patients with intermediate to high risk of VTE may benefit from primary prophylaxis with apixaban or rivaroxaban. Low-molecular-weight heparin is superior to vitamin K antagonists for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. There is mounting evidence to support use of the direct oral anticoagulants for VTE in patients with cancer. Decisions on type and duration of anticoagulation in patients with cancer, either for primary or secondary prevention, should be made on a case-by-case basis with taking into account the individual patient bleeding and thrombotic risk.
Early Prediction of Sepsis From Clinical Data: The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019.

Objectives Sepsis is a major public health concern with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses. Early detection and antibiotic treatment of sepsis improve outcomes. However, although professional critical care societies have proposed new clinical criteria that aid sepsis recognition, the fundamental need for early detection and treatment remains unmet. In response, researchers have proposed algorithms for early sepsis detection, but directly comparing such methods has not been possible because of different patient cohorts, clinical variables and sepsis criteria, prediction tasks, evaluation metrics, and other differences. To address these issues, the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019 facilitated the development of automated, open-source algorithms for the early detection of sepsis from clinical data. Design Participants submitted containerized algorithms to a cloud-based testing environment, where we graded entries for their binary classification performance using a novel clinical utility-based evaluation metric. We designed this scoring function specifically for the Challenge to reward algorithms for early predictions and penalize them for late or missed predictions and for false alarms. Setting ICUs in three separate hospital systems. We shared data from two systems publicly and sequestered data from all three systems for scoring. Patients We sourced over 60,000 ICU patients with up to 40 clinical variables for each hour of a patient's ICU stay. We applied Sepsis-3 clinical criteria for sepsis onset. Interventions None. Measurements and main results A total of 104 groups from academia and industry participated, contributing 853 submissions. Furthermore, 90 abstracts based on Challenge entries were accepted for presentation at Computing in Cardiology. Conclusions Diverse computational approaches predict the onset of sepsis several hours before clinical recognition, but generalizability to different hospital systems remains a challenge.
Single molecule localization with four avalanche photodiode detectors

Photoluminescence images can be acquired with detection schemes that have both single-photon sensitivity and nanosecond scale temporal resolution, enabling the study of possible structural bases for photoluminescence lifetimes and other features of the photon arrival statistics. Within the context of super-resolution (SR) imaging, this has been demonstrated with detection schemes that collect images with a bundle of optical fibers that are coupled to individual single-photon counting avalanche photodiode detectors. Recently, our group used a bundle of four optical fibers to collect these “time-resolved photon arrival” images. Despite the paucity of information contained in a four-pixel image, we precisely located the emission centroid of quantum dots (QDs) and observed correlations between centroid location, photoluminescence lifetime, and intensity within clusters of QDs that were suggestive of electronic interactions among them. This proceedings paper details the approach that we used to locate the emission centroid based on the counts in the four detectors.
Augmented reality, 3D measurement, and thermal imagery for computer-assisted manufacturing

One of the challenges in high-precision manufacturing is constant inspection as well as efficient communication of the inspection results to the workers. In this context, we are presenting a multi-modal 3D imaging system designed for computer-assisted assembly manufacturing using augmented reality. The three-dimensional measurement subsystem is a structured-light system based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). The augmented reality imagery is displayed on the components being manufactured using another DMD-based color projector that uses wavelengths that do not interfere with the 3D measurements. A thermal camera is also part of the system and calibrated with respect to the measurement and projection subsystems. In typical target usage, the system can display localized shape deviation with respect to nominal values, or the surface temperature across the component, or any information obtained or derived from the subsystems. Moreover, it can be used to display assembly instructions and validate the compliance of the final manufactured component.
MEMS Focused Ultrasonic Transducer with Air-Cavity Lens Based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Membrane

We present a novel and easy fabrication method to manufacture Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Fresnel air-cavity acoustic lens for focused ultrasonic transducers with long focal length. The process involves casting PDMS membrane with a silicon mold and bonding the PDMS membrane on a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sheet with ultraviolet (UV)-curable adhesive. A 2.32-MHz focused ultrasonic transducer fabricated with the new method is capable of ejecting water droplets up to 1 mm in diameter (controlled by driving pulse width), from water surface 25 mm above the transducer.
MGMT-inhibitor in combination with TGF-βRI inhibitor or CDK 4/6 inhibitor increases temozolomide sensitivity in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells

Glioblastoma (GB) remains an incurable and deadly brain malignancy that often proves resistant to upfront treatment with temozolomide. Nevertheless, temozolomide remains the most commonly prescribed FDA-approved chemotherapy for GB. The DNA repair protein methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) confers resistance to temozolomide. Unsurprisingly temozolomide-resistant tumors tend to possess elevated MGMT protein levels or lack inhibitory MGMT promotor methylation. In this study, cultured human temozolomide resistance GB (43RG) cells were introduced to the MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine combined with temozolomide and either LY2835219 (CDK 4/6 inhibitor) or LY2157299 (TGF-βRI inhibitor) seeking to overcome GB treatment resistance. Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. Our in vitro study demonstrated that sequential treatment of O6-Benzylguanine with either LY2385219 or LY2157299-enhanced temozolomide enhanced sensitivity in MGMT+ 43RG cells. Importantly, normal human neurons and astrocytes remained impervious to the drug therapies under these conditions. Furthermore, LY2835219 has additional anti-proliferative effects on cell cycling, including induction of an RB-associated G (1) arrest via suppression of cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway. LY2157299 enhances anti-tumor effect by disrupting TGF-β–dependent HIF-1α signaling and by activating both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways towards transcription of S/G2 checkpoints. This study establishes the groundwork for the development of a combinatorial pharmacologic approach by using either LY2385219 or LY2157299 inhibitor plus O6-Benzylguanine to augment temozolomide response in temozolomide-resistant GB cells.
Elliptical Metasurface Cloaks for Decoupling and Cloaking of Microstrip Monopole Antennas at 28 GHz and 39 GHz for 5G Wireless Applications

In order to curtail mutual coupling between two closely spaced microstrip monopole antennas operating at frequencies 28 GHz and 39 GHz, the concept of electromagnetic cloaking is applied by utilizing elliptical metasurfaces. In this paper, we show that by enveloping the monopole antennas with the specifically engineered metasurface cloaks, not only is there a significant reduction in the mutual electromagnetic interaction but also restoration in the radiation patterns are observed, as if the antennas were completely isolated from each other. The decoupling effect is seen in the reduction of mutual S-parameters. This enables the antennas to radiate independently even though they are placed in a very close proximity.
Experimental implementation of deep learning for blood oxygen saturation estimation

Spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging can be used to map blood oxygen saturation (sO2) within tissue. Its accuracy, however, is degraded deep in tissue by wavelength-dependent optical attenuation. We have developed a convolutional neural network to simultaneously estimate the sO2 and segment blood vessels from sPA data. The network was trained on Monte Carlo simulated sPA data and predicted sO2 with 9.31% median pixel error. The network was then retrained on experimental photoacoustic images of cow blood with median prediction error of 4.38%. These results suggest that precise quantitative measurements of sO2 deep in tissue are attainable using machine learning approaches.
Predicting owner-occupied housing values using machine learning: an empirical investigation of California census tracts data

In this paper, we introduce machine-learning (ML) methods to evaluate one of the key concepts of real estate analysis – the prediction of housing prices in the presence of a large number of covaria...
Heidegger on death as a deficient mode

Heidegger conceives Dasein’s death as a peculiar type of negation, i.e., a negation that is not simple disappearance, and so is, in some sense, survived by Dasein. This paper argues that Heidegger’s technical terminology for this type of negation is the “deficient mode.” The ontological structure of the deficient mode is characterized by Heidegger as a mode of the “nur noch,” which is a way of just being. And to just be, in the sense that deficient modes just are, is grounded in the unique identity conditions characteristic of a being that can exist in deficient modes—its identity is an unnecessary necessity, and so its loss is a possible impossibility. Hence, the connection with Dasein’s death, which Heidegger defines as “the possibility of the absolute impossibility of Dasein.” Death is Dasein in a deficient mode. This interpretation of Heideggerian death is then used to address the debated issue concerning Heidegger’s distinction between death and demise.
David Blackstock and the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin (ARL:UT): Laying the Academic Foundation for an Applied Laboratory

David T. Blackstock took a leave of absence from the University of Rochester in 1969 and returned to the University of Texas in his hometown of Austin. ARL:UT was extremely fortunate to have David accept a full-time appointment at the lab as a Faculty Research Scientist in 1970. Over the next fifty years, David nurtured and strengthened the bond between the academic and teaching environment on UT’s main campus and the applied work conducted at ARL:UT. He helped establish coursework that has educated numerous ARL:UT staff members, many of whom had no prior knowledge of acoustics. David increased the recognition of ARL:UT’s acoustic research by attracting internationally renowned scholars and by encouraging our staff to publish their work and take part in the ASA. David was a tireless mentor to our staff and students and created an enduring relationship between ARL:UT and the UT faculty. A truly fitting legacy left for a University Affiliated Research Center.
Treating Buddhist patients

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the treatment of Buddhist patients. The chapter states that the evaluation and treatment of Buddhist patients has been seen to include the practice of sound clinical principles, such as taking a good spiritual-religious history, learning about the patient's cultural background and understanding its influence on the treatment, and adopting a pragmatic, rather than rigid, standard for evaluating unusual mental events. Specific information about basic Buddhist beliefs and about the numerous cultures of origin of Buddhist patients have been given to aid the clinicians' understanding. Several common factors influence both assessment and treatment of Buddhist patients. Some of the factors explains that, many Buddhist patients are already be familiar with the psychodynamic concept that focusing attention on a difficulty can cause it to unravel and eventually disappear. Buddhist patients unusually open to intervention in an up to date, multifactorial, biopsychosocial-spiritual model. Such patient-teacher consultations reinforce the treatment best when the psychiatrist is perceived as open to, and at least somewhat understanding of, Buddhist teachings. And finally, once the psychiatrist has demonstrated sensitivity to these issues, the Buddhist emphasis on the individual's use of consciousness often works to produce an unusually diligent and cooperative patient.
Exceptional stiffening in composite fiber networks

We study the small strain elastic behavior of composite athermal fiber networks constructed by adding stiffer fibers to a cross-linked base network. We observe that if the base network is in the affine deformation regime, the composite behaves similar to a fiber-reinforced continuum. When the base network is in the nonaffine deformation regime, the stiffness of the composite increases by orders of magnitude upon the addition of a small fraction of stiff fibers. The increase is not gradual, but rather occurs in two steps. Of these, one is associated with the stiffness percolation of the network of added fibers. The other, which occurs at very small fractions of stiff fibers, is due to the percolation of perturbation zones, or "interphases," induced in the base network by the stiff fibers, regions where the energy is stored mostly in the axial deformation mode. Their size controls the stiffening transition and depends on base network parameters and the length of added fibers. It is also shown that the perturbation field introduced in the base network by the presence of a stiff fiber is much longer ranged than in the case when the fiber is tied to a continuum of same modulus with the base network.
Cow's Milk and Goat's Milk

Cow's milk is increasingly suggested to play a role in the development of chronic degenerative, non-communicable disorders whereas goat's milk is advocated as having several health benefits. Cow's milk is a rich and cheap source of protein and calcium, and a valuable food for bone health. Despite their high content in saturated fats, consumption of full-fat dairy products does not seem to cause significant changes in cardiovascular disease risk variables. Early introduction of cow's milk is a strong negative determinant of iron status. Unmodified cow's milk does not meet nutritional requirements of infants although it is acceptable to add small volumes of cow's milk to complementary foods. Cow's milk protein allergy has a prevalence ranging from 2 to 7%, and the age of recovery is usually around 2-3 years. The evidence linking cow's milk intake to a later risk of type 1 diabetes or chronic degenerative, non-communicable disorders (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension) is not convincing. Milk probably protects against colorectal cancer, diets high in calcium are a probable cause of prostate cancer, and there is limited evidence suggesting that high consumption of milk and dairy products increases the risk for prostate cancer. There is no evidence to support the use of a cow's milk-free diet as a primary treatment for individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Unmodified goat's milk is not suitable for infants because of the high protein and minerals content and of a low folate content. Goat's milk has no clear nutritional advantage over cow's milk and is not less allergenic. The European Food Safety Authority recently stated that proteins from goat's milk can be suitable as a protein source for infant and follow-on formula, provided the final product complies with the compositional criteria laid down in Directive 2006/141/EC.
Adaptive neural matching online spike sorting VLSI chip design for wireless BCI implants

Controlling the surrounding world by just the power of our thoughts has always seemed to be just a fictional dream. With recent advancements in technology and research, this dream has become a reality for some through the use of a Brain Computer/Machine Interface (BCI/BMI). One of the most important goals of BCI is to enable handicap people to control artificial limbs. Some research proposed wireless implants that do not require chronic wound in the skull. However, the communications consume a high bandwidth and power that exceeds the allowed limits, 8–10mW. This study proposes and implements a modified version of real-time spike sorting for wireless BCI [4] that simplifies and uses less computation via an adaptive neural-structure; which makes it simpler, faster and power and area efficient. The system was implemented, and simulated using Modalism and Cadence, with ideal case and worst case accuracy of 100% and 91.7%, respectively. Also, the chip layout of 0.704mm2, with power consumption of 4.7mW and was synthesized on 45nm technology using Synopsys.
Construing the Copyright Act after 'Eldred'

In Eldred v. Ashcroft, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), which extended the copyright term of both new and existing works by twenty years, despite the lack of incentive that retroactive term extension provided for the creation of new works. While the CTEA is perhaps the most notorious example of special-interest rent-seeking in copyright law to date, a majority of the Court dismissed the petitioners' constitutional challenges without any mention of special-interest influence. The Court's decision was disappointing but hardly surprising. Because the CTEA's language extending the copyright term was unambiguous, there was no issue of statutory construction. The issue was strictly constitutional, and the Court rarely strikes down economic laws like intellectual property statutes. Indeed, to do otherwise would thwart well-established constitutional principles including Congress's lawmaking power under Article I as well as separation of powers inherent in the structure of the Constitution. In this paper, Professor Bohannan argues that whether or not the Eldred Court was correct in ignoring special-interest influences in its constitutional analysis of the CTEA, courts should not ignore those influences when engaging in statutory construction of the Copyright Act. Special-interest influence over the Copyright Act has been pervasive over the past few decades, and the general trend in copyright law has been an expansion of the rights of copyright owners at the expense of public access to copyrighted works. This tension between private and public interests in copyright law often presents itself in copyright infringement cases as a statutory ambiguity between private-and public-regarding provisions in the Copyright Act. Professor Bohannan argues that, where possible, such statutory ambiguities in the interpretation of the Copyright Act should be resolved by rules of statutory construction that take into account the private- or public-interest nature of the ambiguous provisions. The paper identifies ambiguities between private-interest provisions, such as the derivative works right and the DMCA's prohibitions, and public-interest provisions, such as the idea/expression dichotomy and the fair use doctrine. She then offers a set of rules of statutory construction designed to resolve these ambiguities by cabining the scope of private-interest provisions while broadening the reach of provisions that are in the public interest.
Review Essay: Gender and the Internet

Several books examining various facets of gender and the Internet have been published recently. These various works encapsulate the different trajectories feminist research on and about the Internet have taken in the past decade. Early research on gender and the Internet focused on the interpersonal dimensions of CMC (computer-mediated communication), with a tendency to utilize discourse analysis in order to unpack the power relationships between men and women interacting online. Identity—how it was transformed or explored via the appropriation or construction of different genders—was also a key motif in early research. Cyberculture, as manifested in popular culture (films, books, television) was another focus, with feminists analyzing the masculinity of so much of this work, with its emphasis on “console cowboys” hacking the “electronic frontier.” More recent work has looked at the tension between feminist uses of the Internet versus the feminization of the Internet, as corporate interests actively staked out the women audience, creating commerce-oriented content. Another trend in feminist research has been to look at the everyday uses women are making of the Internet—their interactions with their family and work, and their content creation. Yet another tendency has been to look at the actual design of network communities to see how they have been gendered, and how technical design has influenced social interactions.
Impact of admission month and hospital teaching status on outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage: evidence against the July effect

Object The authors sought to identify the presence of a “July effect,” a transient increase in adverse outcomes during July, among a cohort of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) admissions recorded in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods The discharge status, admission month, patient demographics, treatment parameters, and hospital characteristics among spontaneous SAH admissions were extracted from the 2001–2008 NIS. Multivariate regression was used to determine whether an unfavorable discharge status and/or in-hospital mortality significantly increased in summer months in a pattern suggestive of a July effect. Additional models were generated to assess the impact of hospital teaching status on these outcomes. Results Among 57,663,486 hospital admissions from the 2001–2008 NIS, 52,879 cases of spontaneous SAH (ICD-9-CM 430) were treated at teaching (36,914 cases [70%]) and nonteaching (15,965 cases [30%]) facilities. Regression models failed to reveal a July effect for in-hospital mortalit...
Weed seed mortality in soils with contrasting agricultural management histories

giant foxtail ( 2 0.52, P , 0.05) and velvetleaf (2 0.57, P , 0.01) seed mortality, as did ordination with nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) [giant foxtail (2 0.54, P , 0.01) and velvetleaf (2 0.60, P , 0.01)], suggesting that seeds of the two species were affected similarly by changes in the soil fungal community. For giant foxtail, weed seed mortality was also positively correlated (r 5 0.48, P , 0.05) with the first NMS axis of the bacterial 16S rDNA analysis. None of the other measured soil properties were significantly correlated with weed seed mortality. Thus, for the soils tested here, management history, microbial community composition, and weed seed mortality were linked. To extend these results to the field, more work is needed to identify components of the fungal and bacterial communities that are active in seed degradation, and to develop conservation biocontrol recommendations for these species. Nomenclature: Giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm., SETFA; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik., ABUTH.
Nonnegative factorization of diffusion tensor images and its applications

This paper proposes a novel method for computing linear basis images from tensor-valued image data. As a generalization of the nonnegative matrix factorization, the proposed method aims to approximate a collection of diffusion tensor images using nonnegative linear combinations of basis tensor images. An efficient iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve this factorization problem.We present two applications: the DTI segmentation problem and a novel approach to discover informative and common parts in a collection of diffusion tensor images. The proposed method has been validated using both synthetic and real data, and experimental results have shown that it offers a competitive alternative to current state-of-the-arts in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Suicide in Ibsen's Plays

: The suicides and homicides in Ibsen's plays are examined in relation to Hendin's hypotheses about Scandinavian suicide. In general, the suicides had dependency loss characteristics; the victim-precipitated homicides had characteristics of guilt over transgression, as expected. However, elements of suicide as a vehicle for preserving or restoring an ideal self-image were also present in many of the characters, suggesting that Hendin's conclusions about the Scandinavians may be oversimplifications.
Thermal Conduction Phenomena in Advanced Interface Materials for Electronics Cooling

Thermal resistances at packaging interfaces are occupying a larger portion of the overall thermal resistance from a semiconductor die to ambient. Substantial improvement of the performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs) is required to achieve effective electronic cooling. This report is a brief review of the current status of TIM research. Particular focus is given to the fundamental understanding of heat conduction phenomena in polymer-based TIM composites at packaging interfaces in thin-film form. Promising nanostructured TIMs for future applications are also discussed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Radiation hazards associated with dental roentgenography.

(1959). Radiation Hazards Associated with Dental Roentgenography. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 118-120.
Integration of Edge-Emitting Laser Diodes With Dielectric Waveguides on Silicon

Edge-emitting 1.55- platelet InGaAs/InP laser diodes are bonded in 6.5--deep recesses etched into a thick layer on an Si substrate so that they are aligned and coaxially coupled to SiON dielectric waveguides fabricated within the layer. The integrated lasers show room temperature pulsed and continuous wave (CW) lasing at threshold currents of 17 and 19 mA, respectively. The CW output power measured from the end of the dielectric waveguide at the edge of the chip is more than 1 mW, and laser-to-waveguide coupling losses under 2 dB are observed. CW spectral measurements show single-mode emission in the vicinity of 150 . The integrated structure is highly planar with a footprint of only 150 300 , and the integration process is modular and can be used to integrate a variety of devices on the same substrate.
Time and Change in African Traditional Thought

It has been suggested that an important difference between persons, cultures or religions is to be found in their sense of time. "Tell me how a man thinks of time and I will tell you the kind of person he is." In western culture time seems to be thought of generally as a line extending equally into past and future, marked off in units of hours, days, years, and centuries. There appears to be some uncertainty as to whether time "moves" or whether we move through time; at any rate, there is agreement that in some sense we are "headed toward the future. " Men plan, work and struggle in order that the future may be better than the past. Some look for a "future life," after death, or for an "end of the age" when God's kingdom will be made manifest, while others have a more secular vision of a new world. While men may not agree as to what the future will bring, they at least agree that it is important and worth arguing over! In other cultures, however, there appears to be a rather different view of time. Dr. John Mbiti has stimulated considerable discussion by his suggestion that in African there is a strong sense of the past and the present but "the future is virtually absent .... " 1 He supports this view with evidence from his own language, Kikamba. While it is possible to speak of a distant past, one can only speak of a limited future, "stretching to about six months, and in any case, not beyond two years from NOW. " 2 The Kikamba language, according to Mbiti, is not able to deal with a more distant future. A similar statement has been made about Kiluba, a language of southern Zaire:
Noninvasive ECG imaging of electrophysiologically abnormal substrates in infarcted hearts : A model study.

Background—Myocardial infarction and subsequent remodeling create substrates with altered electrophysiological (EP) properties that are highly arrhythmogenic. Existing ECG methods cannot always detect the existence of such substrates nor provide any detailed information about their EP characteristics. A noninvasive method with such capabilities is greatly needed for identifying patients at risk of arrhythmias and for guidance and evaluation of therapy. Recently, we developed a noninvasive ECG imaging modality that can reconstruct epicardial EP information from body surface potentials. We extended its application to hearts with structural disease and examined its ability to detect and characterize abnormal EP substrates. Methods and Results—Epicardial potentials were recorded with a 490-electrode sock from an open-chest dog. Recordings were obtained from a normal heart and from the same heart 2 hours after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and ethanol injection to create an infarct. Body s...
Impact of increased neonatal survival on postneonatal mortality in the United States

Summary. Neonatal intensive care has increased neonatal survival, but has also led to postponement of some of the neonatal deaths to the postneonatal period, particularly in very low birthweight ( 1.0 kg) showed significant reductions in their postneonatal mortality, although the 1.0–1.5 kg group showed the least improvement. Thus, in 1986, 12.1% of all postneonatal deaths were from the very low birthweight neonatal survivors, as compared with 2.7% in 1960. If there had been no improvement in neonatal survival of very low birthweight infants since 1960, the crude postneonatal mortality rate of the US would have been 5.5% and 7.9% less than the actual rates of 3.65 and 3.45 per 1000 neonatal survivors in 1980 and 1986, respectively. However, the impact of these delayed deaths in very low birthweight infants was far less than the increase in their neonatal survival: an additional 416 per 1000 very low birthweight infants survived to 1 year of age in 1986 as compared with 1960. Delayed deaths in the 1.5-2.5 kg birthweight group had a very small effect on postneonatal mortality and there was no such effect of delayed deaths in the > 2.5 kg birthweight group.
Clinical Epidemiology of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

The epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is not well defined. The rarity of the disease and challenges in data collection limit interpretation of incidence data. Incidence of GTD appears to be influenced by geographic region, with the highest rates occurring in Southeast Asia and Japan. Risk factors for molar pregnancy include extremes of maternal age, reproductive history, and dietary deficiencies. Risk factors for choriocarcinoma include age, ethnicity, history of complete molar pregnancy, and ABO blood group status. With improvements in socioeconomic conditions and diet as well as diagnosis and management of GTD, the incidence of trophoblastic disease is declining worldwide. Future studies should focus on mechanisms by which risk factors influence development and progression of GTD.
Patients' understanding of advance directives and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract Objective To describe understanding of end-of-life issues and compare characteristics of patients with and without advance directives. Setting A 325-bed community teaching hospital. Measurements Questionnaires were administered to all patients admitted to the medical-surgical wards. Results Of 755 patients admitted during the study period, 264 patients participated in the study, and 82 (31%) had living wills. Patients with living wills were more likely to be white, Protestant, and highly educated. Most (76%) created them with a lawyer or family member, whereas only 7% involved physicians. Although these patients were able to identify some components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few (19%) understood the prognosis after CPR. After explaining CPR, 37% of those with living wills did not want it, which was not stated in their directive or hospital record. If life-sustaining therapies were already started, 39% of these patients stated that they would not want CPR or mechanical ventilation if the likelihood of recovery was ≤10%. Patients without living wills either had not heard (18%) or did not know enough (51%) about them. After education, 5% did not want CPR, and 32% would terminate life-sustaining therapies if the likelihood of recovery was ≤10%. Seventy percent of these patients expressed interest in creating a living will. Conclusions Patients with living wills understand poorly “life-sustaining therapies” and the implications of their advance directives. Most fail to involve physicians in creating directives. A significant number of those without living wills have end-of-life wishes that could be addressed by and appear open to the idea of creating advance directives.
A kinetic analysis of hybridoma growth and metabolism in continuous suspension culture on serum‐free medium

The steady-state metabolic parameters for a murine hybridoma cell line have been determined in continuous suspension culture over a wide range of dilution rates. Long-term adaption occurred over seven months in culture and resulted in lower glucose consumption rates, reduced lactate production, higher cell viability, and, consequently, growth rates more nearly matching the dilution rate. Antibody production rates decreased over the first two months and then remained stable for at least 75 days. The antibody production rate was not found to be growth associated. Steadystate amino acid uptake rates are presented for a wide range of growth rates.
Identification of E2F target genes that are rate limiting for dE2F1‐dependent cell proliferation

Background: Microarray studies have shown that the E2F transcription factor influences the expression of many genes but it is unclear how many of these targets are important for E2F-mediated control of cell proliferation. Results: We assembled a collection of mutant alleles of 44 dE2F1-dependent genes and tested whether these could modify visible phenotypes caused by the tissue-specific depletion of dE2F1. More than half of the mutant alleles dominantly enhanced de2f1-dsRNA phenotypes suggesting that the in vivo functions of dE2F1 can be limited by the reduction in the level of expression of many different targets. Unexpectedly, several mutant alleles suppressed de2f1-dsRNA phenotypes. One of the strongest of these suppressors was Orc5. Depletion of ORC5 increased proliferation in cells with reduced dE2F1 and specifically elevated the expression of dE2F1-regulated genes. Importantly, these effects were independent of dE2F1 protein levels, suggesting that reducing the level of ORC5 did not interfere with the general targeting of dE2F1. Conclusions: We propose that the interaction between ORC5 and dE2F1 may reflect a feedback mechanism between replication initiation proteins and dE2F1 that ensures that proliferating cells maintain a robust level of replication proteins for the next cell cycle. Developmental Dynamics 241:1695– 1707, 2012. V 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An isomorphism between the p -adic integers and a ring associated with a tiling of N -space by permutohedra

Abstract The classical lattice A∗n, whose Voronoi cells tile Euclidean n-space by permutohedra, can be given the generalized balance ternary ring structure GBTn in a natural way as a quotient ring of Z [x]. The ring GBTn can also be considered as the set of all finite sequences s0 s1…sk, with si ∈ GBTn⧸αGBTn for all i, where α is an appropriately chosen element in GBTn. The extended generalized balance ternary (EGBTn) ring consists of all such infinite sequences. A primary goal of this paper is to prove that if 2n+1−1 and n+1 are relatively prime, then EGBTn is isomorphic as a ring to the (2n+1−1)-adic integers.
The basicranium of fossil hominids as an indicator of their upper respiratory systems

This study investigates the use of the basicrania of fossil hominids as a guide to reconstructing their possible upper respiratory systems. As described previlosly (Laitman and Crelin, '76; Laitman et al., '78), the exocranial orientation of the basicrania of extant primates is related to the position of upper respiratory structures such as the larynx and pharynx. These relationships in living primates sugest that the basicranium of fossil hominids may provide an indicator of what their upper respiratory systems were like. Originals and casts of 14 fossil hominids were examied. The marked similarites in overall basicranial form between Sterkfontein 5 and extant pongids indicate that Sterkfontein had an upper respiratory system similar to that of extant great apes. The Classic European Neandertals show a range of basicranial, and thus potential upper respiratory, structure comparable to extant human children between 2 and 11 years of age. Cro-Magnon, Steinheim, Předmosti, Broken Hill, and the more recent North African hominids, exhibit basicrania much more similar to those of adult or sub-adult modern humans. Their upper respiratory systems probably did not differ considerably from that of present day adult humans. Our craniometric analysis has shown that it is statistically improbable for the basicrania, and by extrapolation, upper respiratory systems of certain Neandertals to fall within the range of modern adult or sub-adult humans. There thus appar to be at least two different pathways taken in the evolution of man's upper respiratory system after a common pongid-like stage exhibited by the australopithecines. One line appears to have terminated with the Clssical Neandertals. The other line, encompassing those hominids with basicrania and upper respiratory structure of more modern appearance, may have given rise to modern man.
A Male-produced Aggregation Pheromone Blend Consisting of Alkanediols, Terpenoids, and an Aromatic Alcohol from the Cerambycid Beetle Megacyllene caryae

Bioassays conducted with a Y-tube olfactometer provided evidence that both sexes of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae (Gahan) were attracted to odor produced by males. Odor collected from male M. caryae contained eight male-specific compounds: a 10:1 blend of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediols (representing 3.2 ± 1.3% of the total male-specific compounds), (S)-(−)-limonene (3.1 ± 1.7%), 2-phenylethanol (8.0 ± 2.4%), (−)-α-terpineol (10.0 ± 2.8%), nerol (2.1 ± 1.5%), neral (63.3 ± 7.3%), and geranial (8.8 ± 2.4%). Initial field bioassays determined that none of these compounds was attractive as a single component. Further field trials that used a subtractive bioassay strategy determined that both sexes were attracted to the complete blend of synthetic components, but the elimination of any one component resulted in a decline in trap captures. Blends that were missing (2S,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediol, or citral (a 1:1 mixture of neral and geranial) attracted no more beetles than did controls. A pheromone blend of this complexity, composed of alkanediols, terpenoids, and aromatic alcohols, is unprecedented for cerambycid species.
Fabrication and electrical conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/carbon black (CB) composites: comparison between an ordered carbon black nanowire-like segregated structure and a randomly dispersed carbon black nanostructure.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/carbon black (CB) composites were fabricated using two different mixing methods: (1) mechanical mixing and (2) solution mixing of the precursors, followed by compression molding. The microstructures obtained were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Electrical properties were measured using impedance spectroscopy over a wide frequency range (10-3 to +109 Hz). With the mechanical mixing method, a segregated structure is produced with PMMA particles forming faceted grains with carbon black particles aligning to form a network of 3D-interconnected nanowires. This microstructure allows percolation to occur at a low volume fraction of 0.26 vol % CB. In contrast, specimens made by the solution method have a microstructure where carbon black is distributed more randomly throughout the bulk, and thus, the percolation threshold is higher (2.7 vol % CB). The electrical properties of the PMMA/CB composites fabricated by the mechanical mixing method are comparable to...
Applying Differential Coercion and Social Support Theory to Prison Organizations The Case of the Penitentiary of New Mexico

Colvin, Cullen, and Vander Ven's differential coercion and social support (DCSS) theory offers a comprehensive explanation of criminal behavior. The author argues that it also has implications for ...
Effect of stress on the structural relaxation behavior of glasses

Abstract A modified structural relaxation function has been introduced here that takes into account the effect of stress on the structural relaxation behavior of glasses. This modified structural relaxation function is used to predict the evolution of fictive temperature in core and clad glasses of fluorine doped optical fibers, when these are annealed at different temperatures. The methods are applied to the conditions reported in Saito et al. [K. Saito, M. Yamaguchi, A.J. Ikushima, K. Ohsono, Y. Kurosawa, J. Appl. Phys. 95 (4) (2004) 1733], 2004), and good agreement between the predictions and experimental observations (of Saito et al.) is obtained for all four core and clad glasses (with varying fluorine levels) annealed over a broad temperature range. A critical discussion of the methods and the results is also presented.
Estimate of discrete-time PID controller parameters for H-infinity complementary sensitivity design: Autonomous sailboat application

This paper presents some of the successful design methodologies used to predict the robustness of a heading controller for a 2 meter autonomous sailing vessel. A graphical technique is introduced to estimate the discrete-time proportional integral derivative (PID) controller coefficients to satisfy H-infinity complementary sensitivity constraints for vessel control. We show that this problem can be solved by finding all achievable PID controllers that simultaneously stabilize the closed-loop characteristic polynomial and satisfy constraints defined by a set of related complex polynomials. Experimental data taken from this vessel at the U. S. Coast Guard Academy is used to demonstrate the application of this methodology.
Computer simulation of change in personal belief systems.

This paper deals with the following questions and answers: Are models the same as theories? No. Can a computer program serve as a model of human belief systems? Yes. How do humans change their minds? We know little about it. How can models of belief systems be corroborated? By engaging the person whose belief system is being modelled in repeated on-line dialogues. Is it dehumanizing to use a machine such as a computer as an agent for mental change? No.
Co-ordination compounds of oxycations thorium (IV) and molybdenum (V) with 2,2′-bipyridine-1,1′-dioxide

Abstract Co-ordination compounds with 2,2′-bipyridine-1,1′-dioxide(bipyO2) having the composition [ZrO(bipyO2)3](ClO4)2·2H2O, [Th(bipyO2)4](ClO4)4, [VO(bipyO2)2](ClO4)2, [UO2(bipyO2)2](ClO4)2, [Mo2O4Cl2(bipyO2)2]·2H2O and [Mo2O3Cl4(bipyO2)2]·2H2O have been synthesized. These new compounds have been characterized by infra-red spectra, electronic absorption spectra, magnetic moments and electrical conductance. Infra-red spectra indicate that M ← L bond (M = oxycation or metal ion, L = Ligand) in these complexes appears between the region 355 cm−1 to 430 cm−1.
Can Long John Silver Save the Humanities

Given the serious decline in the number of undergraduates majoring in the humanities in general, and literature in particular, teachers of Children’s Literature have a unique opportunity to serve their discipline by tapping the power of classroom dialogue to introduce students to the practical reasoning central to humanistic study. This essay takes Long John Silver, from Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island (1883), as a model for generating lively discussion that begins with literary matters but leads, with help from the teacher, to fundamental questions about the role of the humanities in students’ education and in their lives. In the process, the essay traces a pedagogical strategy that moves from matters of plot and character, to issues of ethics and judgment, to larger questions regarding approximate knowledge and sound reasoning about the complexities of the human condition. This inquiry focuses specifically on the charming but villainous Silver and the possible explanations for his escape at the end of the novel. But the ambiguity and fascination of his character are also catalysts for wide-ranging classroom discussion of a kind that Children’s Literature routinely promotes and sustains. Such discussion can provide broad, balanced insight into the nature and variety of critical understanding. As such, Children’s Literature and the pedagogy it supports serves to identify and enliven the benefits of humanistic study at a crucial moment of academic history.
Rejection of male skin grafts by splenectomized female mice

Female mice of the C3H strain normally do not reject skin grafts from males of the same strain; however, 40 percent of splenectomized C3H female mice completely rejected C3H male skin grafts applied 2 weeks later. All splenectomized females showed at least transitory signs of graft rejection.