cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of chloroform adsorption onto fixed-bed columns of highly siliceous granular zeolites

Adsorption of chloroform to granular ZSM-5 zeolite in fixed-bed columns was measured and the breakthrough curves predicted with a film-pore and surface diffusion (FPSD) model. Parameters for the FPSD model were estimated from published correlations and from data taken from batch adsorption rate studies. It was found that the adsorption rate was enhanced with decrease in particle size, however, the total adsorption capacity using granular ZSM-5 with different particle sizes remained constant. The FPSD model accounted for the effects of axial dispersion, external film transfer resistance, and intraparticle mass transfer resistances. Generally, good agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data was obtained. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the relative impact of kinetic parameters on the FPSD model predicted breakthrough profiles and showed that the model calculations were insensitive to either the effective pore diffusivity coefficient (Dp,e) or the axial dispersion coefficient (Ez), but were sensitive to the external mass transfer coefficient (kf). The large impact of kf on the results and the relatively low Biot numbers determined by the FPSD model indicated that under the experimental conditions employed in the study, film diffusion was the primary controlling mass transfer mechanism. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Outcome of Patients With Nonsecretory Multiple Myeloma After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Introduction Fewer than 5% of patients have nonsecretory multiple myeloma (NSM), which is characterized by the absence of monoclonal protein in immunofixation in serum and urine. There are limited data on the outcome of NSM after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Patients and Methods Between 1988 and December 2010, we identified 31 patients with NSM, and compared their outcome with 124 patients with secretory myeloma (SM) who were matched for age, disease stage, year of auto-HCT, and disease status and received auto-HCT at our institution. The primary end points were time to progression (TTP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Nonrelapse mortality at 4 years was 4% and 4% in the NSM and SM patients, respectively ( P = .612). Median follow-up was 102 and 74 months for NSM and SM patients, respectively. Median PFS was 37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12-62) and 22 (95% CI, 18-26) months for NSM and SM patients, respectively ( P = .527). Median OS was 51 (95% CI, 7-95) and 73 (95% CI, 59-86) months for NSM and SM patients, respectively ( P = .740). In multivariate analyses, age >55 years, and relapsed disease were associated with a shorter TTP. Similarly, age >55 years, and relapsed or refractory disease at the time of auto-HCT were associated with a shorter OS. Conclusion Auto-HCT is associated with durable remission in NSM. There was no significant difference in transplant-related mortality, TTP, and PFS in patients with NSM compared with patients with SM after high-dose therapy and auto-HCT.
Thermal effects on neuronal activity in suprachiasmatic nuclei of hibernators and nonhibernators

The temperature sensitivity of neuronal firing rates in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalami of rats and ground squirrels was studied in vitro. SCN from euthermic squirrels were studied during the hibernation season (winter) and during the summer. SCN from hibernating squirrels were also studied. Most properties of SCN cells from hibernators and nonhibernators were similar. Warm- and cold-sensitive neurons were observed in all groups, but cold-sensitive neurons were more common in SCN from hibernating squirrels. No evidence for temperature compensation of firing rate was accumulated; no cell was observed to fire below 16.6 degrees C. If the persistence of circadian rhythmicity is a function of action potential-dependent neurotransmission from the SCN, these results suggest that deep hibernation (5-17 degrees C) should be characterized by an absence of circadian fluctuation in temperature. Two possible adaptations for the shallow torpor seen at somewhat higher temperatures were observed in the SCN: 1) a relatively large population of cold-sensitive neurons and 2) a population of neurons with very high activation energies. Activation energy analysis suggested that most of the temperature-sensitive properties of these cells could be explained in terms of the thermal sensitivity of the sodium channel.
Disparity Based Scene Analysis

A large image processing computer capable of billions of operations per second is not sufficient to accomplish effective scene analysis. A complete system based on a comprehensive theory of scene analysis is needed. In designing hardware for scene analysis, first an overall processing approach must be established and then the hardware can be designed to efficiently implement the various components of the approach. A complete scene analysis system can be designed using an image processing computer, a mobile sensor and an intelligent control module based on the premise that frame-to-frame disparity in the sensor’s imagery is the most important source of scene analysis information, that the world is the best repository of image information, and that an intelligent control module can interactively position sensors so that the image processing subsystem can effectively extract information from the scene as it is needed. The discussion will focus on the image processing and control subsystems. The description of these two major subsystems will provide a basis for the design of a disparity based scene analysis computer architecture.
Wet and dry etching of SiC

In this chapter we will discuss wet and dry patterning techniques for SiC and the relative merits of these methods. We describe the basic principles involved in etching SiC and problems that can arise because of the binary nature of the lattice and its relatively high bond strength. Recent developments in the use of high-density plasma sources to achieve fast etching rates (in some cases over 1 μm min-1 for bulk 4H-SiC) are discussed: these sources are likely to play a dominant role for processing of SiC devices since they are capable of producing etch depths from 0.1 to 100 μm with minimal disruption of the SiC surface. These processes are also applicable to microelectromechanical systems engineering based on SiC substrates.
Hereditary ulnar and fibular dimelia with peculiar facies. A case report.

A case report of a man with a characteristic facial abnormality, polydactylism of all four extremities, duplication of tarsal and carpal bones, and fibular dimelia is reporter with similar but more pronounced bone duplication in his daughter.
A Personal Story: Becoming a Split Filipina Subject

(1993). A Personal Story: Becoming a Split Filipina Subject. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 117-130.
Student evaluation of online pharmaceutical compounding videos

Objective. To describe pharmacy students' views on the effectiveness of an expansion of the compounding laboratory website at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy. Methods. Originally, there were 39 videos and three animations available. In 2011, an additional 59 videos and two animations were added. Concurrently, all of the interactive questions were updated to fully integrate with the expanded video library. Students were surveyed about the expanded video library regarding accessibility, functionality, and usefulness, and how using the library impacted their learning of compounding. Surveys were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Means and SDs were calculated for the rating scale questions; independent t tests and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to find differences between professional classes and campuses. Analytical results were evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), z test, and a homogeneity of variance (Levene's) test. Results. The response rate to the survey was 85%. Compounding videos were used by 386/391 students. Thirty-four percent of students used the videos an average of 30 minutes or less per week; 56% used the videos 1-2 hours per week. Approximately 80% of students were satisfied with the functionality and accessibility of the videos. All students, regardless of professional year or campus affiliation, put their confidence/competence at about 70% of the rating scale. Conclusions. As no standardized compounding curriculum was found in US schools of pharmacy and students reported being satisfied with the website, it could be an accessible, functional, and useful resource for pharmaceutical compounding in schools of pharmacy.
Simultaneous Cutaneous and Lymphnodal Shwartzman Phenomenon

Although the Shwartzman reaction was originally demonstrated in the skin of rabbits, the phenomenon was later produced in various other organs: parenchyma of internal organs, local vascular preparations, dermis and lung (Shwartzmanl); liposarcoma of guinea pig (Gratia and Linz2); stomach (Karsner, Ecker and Jackson3); knee joint (Moritz and Morley4); appendix (Latteri5); kidney (Loi and Cardiac); adrenal (Grouchi7); conjunctiva (CassutoS); pancreas (Reitano and Loi9); and spleen (Patania"o). More recently, a generalized Shwartzman reaction was produced by the intravenous preparation of the animals (Apitzl). The purpose of the present study was to determine what changes occur in the lymph nodes in the neighborhood of the cutaneous Shwartzman phe-
Comparison of EDTA versus DTT treatment in overcoming the prozone effect in a Luminex-based HLA antibody assay

Aim One of the limitations of solid-phase HLA antibody assays is the false low/negative reading in a subset of samples with high titer/strength HLA antibodies, a phenomenon known as the prozone effect. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vs. dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of serum samples in overcoming the prozone effect in solid-phase HLA antibody assays on the Luminex platform. Methods A total of 21 serum samples were tested by single-antigen bead assays (One Lambda), including 14 previously identified prozone samples (3 class I, 11 class II), 6 previously identified non-prozone samples with HLA antibodies (3 each for class I and II), and 1 negative sample. Serum was treated either by adding EDTA to a final concentration of 5 mM, or by incubating with 5 mM DTT for 30 min at 37 °C. To evaluate the efficacy of prozone effect reversal on HLA single antigen beads assay, fourfold serial dilutions, from neat to 1:256, were tested for each positive sample, using PBS as a diluent. Results Prozone effects were reduced in all 14 samples by either EDTA or DTT treatment. Results revealed sharp increases of MFI values in treated serum samples at neat, compared to non-treated samples. However, EDTA and DTT treatment were not equally efficient in overcoming the prozone effect. EDTA had nearly 100% reversal of prozone effect in all the tested samples, estimated by the ratio of MFI at neat to peak MFI at any given dilution. In contrast, the efficacy by DTT treatment ranged from 47% to 100%. The difference between the treatments was particularly notable in samples with strong prozone effects, defined by peak MFI values beyond a 1:16 dilution with untreated samples. Consequently, EDTA-treated serum samples showed virtually no further MFI increase when diluted, while some DTT-treated serum samples still had MFI increases when diluted, an indicator of residual prozone effect. For the negative control sample as well as non-prozone samples, comparable results were obtained from EDTA, DTT and non-treated serum. Conclusions Our study indicates that EDTA is more efficient in reversing the prozone effect, compared to DTT treatment. Furthermore, the stability of EDTA and the simplicity and robustness of serum treatment provide additional advantages over DTT for routine clinical testing.
Field amplified sample stacking of amyloid beta (1-42) oligomers using capillary electrophoresis

Oligomeric forms of the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein have been indicated to be an important factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the oligomeric forms of Aβ can vary in size and conformation, it is vital to understand the early stages of Aβ aggregation in order to improve the care and treatment of patients with AD. This is the first study to determine the effect of field amplified sample stacking (FASS) on the separation of oligomeric forms of Aβ1-42 using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. UV-CE was able to separate two different species of Aβ1-42 oligomers ( 75% average reduction) and increased peak heights (>60% average increase) when compared to non-FASS conditions. UV-CE with FASS also provided higher resolution between the Aβ1-42 oligomers for all aggregation time points studied. In addition, Congo red and Orange G inhibition studies were used to help evaluate the conformation of the observed species. This work demonstrates the ability of UV-CE employing FASS to provide higher resolution between oligomeric forms of Aβ1-42 without significantly altering their aggregation.
Understanding Preprocedure Patient Flow in IR

Abstract Purpose To quantify preprocedural patient flow in interventional radiology (IR) and to identify potential contributors to preprocedural delays. Materials and Methods An administrative dataset was used to compute time intervals required for various preprocedural patient-flow processes. These time intervals were compared across on-time/delayed cases and inpatient/outpatient cases by Mann–Whitney U test. Spearman ρ was used to assess any correlation of the rank of a procedure on a given day and the procedure duration to the preprocedure time. A linear-regression model of preprocedure time was used to further explore potential contributing factors. Any identified reason(s) for delay were collated. P Results Of the total 1,091 cases, 65.8% (n = 718) were delayed. Significantly more outpatient cases started late compared with inpatient cases (81.4% vs 45.0%; P 2 test). The multivariate linear regression model showed outpatient status, length of delay in arrival, and longer procedure times to be significantly associated with longer preprocedure times. Late arrival of patients (65.9%), unavailability of physicians (18.4%), and unavailability of procedure room (13.0%) were the three most frequently identified reasons for delay. The delay was multifactorial in 29.6% of cases (n = 213). Conclusions Objective measurement of preprocedural IR patient flow demonstrated considerable waste and highlighted high-yield areas of possible improvement. A data-driven approach may aid efficient delivery of IR care.
Assessing reliability, change after intervention, and performance of a water insecurity scale in rural Ethiopia

There is growing interest in the phenomenon of water insecurity, yet a relative paucity of tools to assess the occurrence and severity of water insecurity at the household level. We sought to assess the validity and reliability of a household water insecurity scale in a rural Ethiopian context. Secondary data on water insecurity from up to 1934 rural Ethiopian households that had participated in a water and sanitation intervention was analysed. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to assess dimensionality of the water insecurity responses and parametric and non-parametric tests used to test for differences in household water insecurity scores across household types and objective measures of household water access. Factor analysis revealed one dominant factor and the Cronbach’s alpha of the water insecurity scale was 0.94. Households with access to improved water sources, that lived close to water collection points, that did not farm, and that felt they had “enough” water all scored as significantly more water secure on the household water insecurity scale (P < 0.05). The household water insecurity scale also predicted the occurrence of diarrhea among children in the household (aOR 1.2, 95 % CI 1.08, 1.33) whereas no other measure of water access did. Finally, household water insecurity scores improved by 55 % after a water and sanitation intervention. Our results suggest the possibility of an effective water insecurity tool, which might be deployed to assess the epidemiology of water insecurity including its causes and consequences. Future research should aim to validate the tool against behavioral observations and to link shifts in water insecurity to changes in health and wellbeing.
Harmonic response of layered halfspace using reduced finite element model with perfectly-matched layer boundaries

Abstract The current paper investigates the use of perfectly-matched layers (PML) as absorbing elements for a finite element (FE) model simulating a semi-infinite medium. Due to the formulation of the FE-PML model, it is also possible to use a Craig-Bampton reduction to significantly reduce the number of degrees-of-freedom in the model, in an attempt to improve the computational efficiency of the simulation. The perfectly-matched layers use a complex-valued function to numerically stretch the apparent size of PML elements while allowing them to remain nominally small. The results from this investigation suggest the PML elements worked seamlessly with the FE elements to approximate the elastodynamic response of a 3D halfspace subjected to a surface load; the wave energy is completely absorbed by the PMLs regardless of incident angle or wavelength. Furthermore, the size of the model was reduced by approximately 32% using a Craig-Bampton reduction (CBR). The CBR transforms the system into a mixed set of coordinates, including both modal and spatial coordinates. The model reduction is accomplished by neglecting modal frequencies for the system above two and a half times the maximum forcing frequency of interest. By only transforming the frequency-independent FE section into modal coordinates, and leaving the frequency-dependent PML elements as spatial degrees-of-freedom, the mode-shapes must only be solved once and can then be reused for different forcing frequencies. The results from this investigation suggest this could provide computational benefits if a number of cases are being computed for different frequencies.
Technology Transfer: A Paradigm

Technology transfer began when, as we emerged as a distinct artifact-creating species, the knowledge of our inventions spread from neighbor to neighbor. Today, more than ever before, the future of nations, economies, industries, healthcare, education and other key human activities is profoundly affected by the effectiveness of that process - a process that has become highly complex and at times spectacularly successful, at times replete with failures or disappointments. That complexity has led to questioning the very term “transfer,” as conveying too simplified and linear a conception of the process [3].
Nanoscale thermal expansion imaging of a resistive thermal heater using diffraction phase microscopy

Understanding the dynamics of thermal expansion is important in many fields, including physics, chemistry, and engineering. We measured the height change of a resistive thermal heater throughout the thermal expansion process using epi-illumination diffraction phase microscopy (epi-DPM). This real-time quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method can reconstruct the thermal expansion with nanometer height measurement accuracy. We use a conventional epi-DPM setup [1, 2] with a 405nm diode laser. The sample is observed by a 2.5× microscope objective with a field of view (FOV) of 650 µm × 495 µm. The first order light from the UV transmission grating remains unfiltered as the image field. Meanwhile, the zeroth order is filtered down as the reference field. Compared with previous DPM setup that had the zeroth order as the image field and the first order as the reference field, the system noise here is reduced from 0.8–2.0nm to 0.7–1.5 nm. We obtain the interferogram and extract the phase information via a Hilbert transform. A background image was first taken without voltage applied and then used to subtract the background noise. All subsequent DPM images of the resistive thermal heater were taken on the same region. A continuous-wave (cw) voltage was applied to the resistor for ∼ 3 min and its height change reached a maximum value. Figures 1(a) and (b) show the material structure and top view of the resistor. The resistor was fabricated on a 500 µm thick Si substrate with a 75nm SiO 2 insulator layer. A 150nm gold serpentine shaped thermal heater resistor was deposited on the layer and the conductor width was 10 µm. The resistor value is 67 Ohms. The sample was mounted onto a printed circuit board (PCB) and fixed on the stage. Figure 1(c) shows the height changes over the whole 650 µm width. The average height changes of the resistor were about 32.2 nm, 64.3 nm, and 109.0nm when cw 2 V, 4V and 6V were applied on the resistor, respectively. The thermal expansion of a resistive thermal heater was accurately reconstructed using epi-DPM. Therefore, this technique would be of great value for further developing in-situ monitoring of thermal expansion in various industrial processes.
Identifying Game Species with the Aid of Pictures in Papua New Guinea

The author spent time among the Papua New Guinea tribal people, the Seltaman, studying their ideas regarding natural species. In the course of this work, she resorted to pictorial field guides to help identify the local avifauna and the local game repertory. This essay takes us the issues raised by using this mode of idnetification. One is the question whether--as some claim--preliterate peoples' are unable to "see" pictorial representations as Westerners do. The author explains that the sorts of difficulties she encountered in using pictures for species identification with the Seltaman wee no different from the difficulties that emerge when unpracticed Westerners attemp to use pictures for identificaiton purposes. These difficulties (which are surmountable) are most pronounced in regard to photographic depiction and are familiar to scientific illustrators. The author also deals with some of the taxonomic oddities that emerge in the course of identification. At the end of the essay, she offers "educated guesses" as to the mammal species familiar to the Seltaman people. It is hoped that this essaby, by alterting other New Guinea researchers to avoidable confusions, will encourage them to attempt mammal identificationwiththe use of pictures.
Slow Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System

New types of nicotinic connections with much slower kinetics than previously described have recently been discovered in several regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Slow nicotinic responses have been reported in the interpeduncular nucleus, hippocampus, neocortex, striatum, spinal cord, and thalamus. Studies have suggested that α4β2 containing nicotinic receptors may be the receptor subtype mediating the slow nicotinic synaptic events. These slow nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) appear to be the predominant nicotinic synaptic event in regions of the CNS (hippocampus and neocortex) that previously were thought to be dominated by α7 nicotinic receptors. Depending on the region of the CNS, slow nicotinic events may be mediated by classical synaptic transmission or volume transmission. Although the slow nicotinic EPSPs may vary subtly in kinetics and possible mechanisms of transmission, all known neuronal types that respond with slow nicotinic EPSPs are inhibitory. Thus slow nicotinic EPSPs may play an important role in controlling local and global network function through feedforward and feedback inhibition.
Active and semi–active suspensions for engines and vehicles

This paper assesses the future of active engine isolation, and outlines the progyession in sophistication that these devices will be most likely to follow. The passive, fluid–filled engine mount is introduced in several internal configurations. Simple, low bandwidth, activation of these more or less conventional devices is introduced, and performance benefits are described. This simple activation is the first step toward a fully active engine mount. Another step in sophistication is the adaptive engine mount, which will use a relatively slow effector and simple measurements to maximise at all times r.m.s. deflection across the device in some optimal way. This type of control action is discussed. The ultimate goal in engine isolation is an active or semi–active, high bandwidth device that is optimal in some sense. This device will use state measurement and feedback to minimise transmitted force continuously from the engine to the body. Before this approach to engine isolation becomes practical, considerable development in sensors and high speed, low cost effectors is necessary. Some possible configurations of this type of device are presented.
Anxiety sensitivity predicts increased perceived exertion during a 1-mile walk test among treatment-seeking smokers

Smoking increases risk of early morbidity and mortality, and risk is compounded by physical inactivity. Anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety-relevant somatic sensations) is a cognitive factor that may amplify the subjective experience of exertion (effort) during exercise, subsequently resulting in lower engagement in physical activity. We examined the effect of anxiety sensitivity on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological arousal (heart rate) during a bout of exercise among low-active treatment-seeking smokers. Adult daily smokers (n = 157; M age = 44.9, SD = 11.13; 69.4% female) completed the Rockport 1.0 mile submaximal treadmill walk test. RPE and heart rate were assessed during the walk test. Multi-level modeling was used to examine the interactive effect of anxiety sensitivity × time on RPE and on heart rate at five time points during the walk test. There were significant linear and cubic time × anxiety sensitivity effects for RPE. High anxiety sensitivity was associated with greater initial increases in RPE during the walk test, with stabilized ratings towards the last 5 min, whereas low anxiety sensitivity was associated with lower initial increase in RPE which stabilized more quickly. The linear time × anxiety sensitivity effect for heart rate was not significant. Anxiety sensitivity is associated with increasing RPE during moderate-intensity exercise. Persistently rising RPE observed for smokers with high anxiety sensitivity may contribute to the negative experience of exercise, resulting in early termination of bouts of prolonged activity and/or decreased likelihood of future engagement in physical activity.
Computational modeling of magnetic particle margination within blood flow through LAMMPS

We develop a multiscale and multiphysics computational method to investigate the transport of magnetic particles as drug carriers in blood flow under influence of hydrodynamic interaction and external magnetic field. A hybrid coupling method is proposed to handle red blood cell (RBC)-fluid interface (CFI) and magnetic particle-fluid interface (PFI), respectively. Immersed boundary method (IBM)-based velocity coupling is used to account for CFI, which is validated by tank-treading and tumbling behaviors of a single RBC in simple shear flow. While PFI is captured by IBM-based force coupling, which is verified through movement of a single magnetic particle under non-uniform external magnetic field and breakup of a magnetic chain in rotating magnetic field. These two components are seamlessly integrated within the LAMMPS framework, which is a highly parallelized molecular dynamics solver. In addition, we also implement a parallelized lattice Boltzmann simulator within LAMMPS to handle the fluid flow simulation. Based on the proposed method, we explore the margination behaviors of magnetic particles and magnetic chains within blood flow. We find that the external magnetic field can be used to guide the motion of these magnetic materials and promote their margination to the vascular wall region. Moreover, the scaling performance and speedup test further confirm the high efficiency and robustness of proposed computational method. Therefore, it provides an efficient way to simulate the transport of nanoparticle-based drug carriers within blood flow in a large scale. The simulation results can be applied in the design of efficient drug delivery vehicles that optimally accumulate within diseased tissue, thus providing better imaging sensitivity, therapeutic efficacy and lower toxicity.
Seven Against Luoyang (or, Sophocles' Antigone Was No Chinese Philosopher)

In this paper I argue how, on the one hand, prehistoric Greek myth in its account of the catastrophic Labdacid dynasty of Bronze-Age Thebes presented a horror story whose cautionary value Chinese of all schools would have appreciated. Indeed, it even exceeded the worst political and moral scandals in the Book of History/Book of Documents with its accounts of early Chinese dynasties in steep and fatal decline. On the other hand, the 5th-century BC Athenian playwright Sophocles unknowingly, of course, yet with an uncanny intuition for human possibilities, embodied in characters of his tragedy Antigone (ca. 440 BCE) three major ancient Chinese philosophies, namely, in the title character’s sister Ismene a "Daoist", in their uncle Creon a "Legalist", and a "Confucian" in Antigone’s cousin and fiance Haemon. As we shall see, the Athenian tragic poet found all three of these persons and their initial positions wanting when contrasted with his own Hellenic-heroic standard of human virtue/excellence. That, of courses is what his protagonist Antigone herself epitomizes. She alone, though dead by her own doing, is fulfilled at the end of the disturbing play.
Does Body Mass Index Influence the Physiological and Perceptual Demands Associated with Defensive Tactics Training in State Patrol Officers

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the physiological and perceptual demands associated with defensive tactics (DEFTAC) training among state patrol officers of different BMI (body mass index) categories. Twenty-four male state patrol officers (n = 24, age 36.00 + 7.86 yrs) voluntarily agreed to participate in data collection during a DEFTAC gauntlet. Anthropometric information (height (HT) 182.19 + 7.43 cm and weight (WT) 96.31 + 17.45 kg), body mass index (BMI), peak and average heart rates, duty weight, BLa, and RPE, were recorded. Officers were then divided into two-groups (Healthy BMI (BMI ≤ 25), n = 12, Overweight (BMI ≥ 25), n = 12). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to determine the effect of BMI on the outcome variables. Furthermore, a Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was also conducted to determine if significant relationships between RPE, BLa, and HR existed between groups. Significant mean score differences between healthy and overweight officers were found in measures of age [t(22) 4.12, p< 0.01, R2 = .44], and weight of duty gear [t(21) 3.96, p<0.01, R2 = .33]. When used as a covariate, age also predicted average HR% [ F(1, 21) = 6.19, p < .05, partial η2 = .24]. Significant relationships were found in the healthy group between RPE and DEFTAC time, DEFTAC time and score, as well as score and post BLa. Significant relationships for the overweight group between peak (HR) percentage and post BLa, peak (HR) percentage and RPE, DEFTAC time and duty weight, and between weight and DEFTAC time. The results of this study suggest that overweight officers may have lower DEFTAC scores when compared to their healthy counterparts. Based on the results, it seems reasonable to compare physiological variables from this population to those from combative sports as well as for officers to achieve and maintain a healthy BMI value in order to improve individual DEFTAC performance.
Improving a medication error monitoring program at an acute-care hospital

This report describes the development and implementation of a medication error monitoring program (MEMP) at an acute-care hospital in a multisite health care system. Data from every reported potential error (mistakes in prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, or planned administration that are detected and corrected before actual administration) and actual error (mistakes identified after drug is administered or failure to administer a scheduled drug) were entered in an electronic database. Medication errors with more than one potential cause were counted more than once. A designated pharmacist, in consultation with other health care professionals, assigned a severity level (levels I-IV; from no apparent injury to permanent functional impairment or death based on published definitions 1 ) to the clinical outcome of every error. A summary of the data and performance improvement activities were reported to the hospital's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committees, Quality Improvement Committees, and Board of Trustees.
Espacios musicales y teatrales en la ciudad de Buenos Aires: sociabilidad y vida cultural a principios del siglo XIX (1804-1840)

Fil: Guillamon, Guillermina Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Instituto de Estudios Historicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
Depression in Infants

Since 1980, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) has included criteria for diagnosing depression in infants. These criteria are substantially the same as the criteria used to describe depression in adults. If the editions of the DSM reflect an accurate evolution in the nosology of psychopathology, the merging of diagnostic criteria in infants and adults may be construed to mean that depression in these two widely disparate age groups is now viewed as being fundamentally the same disorder.
The Genetics of Alcoholism

The familial nature of alcoholism has been known for centuries. However, only in recent times have scientists seriously begun to address the possibility that this disorder might be genetically influenced.
Pulsed 450 nm blue light suppresses MRSA and Propionibacterium acnes in planktonic cultures and bacterial biofilms

Abstract In our recent study, we showed that pulsed blue light (PBL) suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes more than continuous wave (CW) blue light in vitro, but it is not known that other bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respond similarly to PBL. The high potency of PBL relative to CW blue light makes it a suitable antimicrobial for suppressing bacterial growth in biofilms as well. Therefore, we determined if MRSA—a deadly bacterium of global concern—is susceptible to 450 nm PBL irradiation in vitro, and ascertained whether the bactericidal effect of PBL on planktonic P. acnes culture can be replicated in biofilms of P. acnes and MRSA. In three series of experiments, we irradiated P. acnes and MRSA respectively, either in planktonic cultures, forming biofilms or formed biofilms. Compared to controls, the results showed 100% bacterial suppression in planktonic cultures of MRSA irradiated with 3 mW/cm2 irradiance and 7.6 J/cm2 radiant exposure three times at 30-minute intervals, and also in P. acnes cultures irradiated with 2 mW/cm2 irradiance 5 J/cm2 radiant exposure thrice daily during each of 3 days. Irradiation of biofilms with the same irradiances and radiant exposures that gave 100% bacterial suppression in planktonic cultures resulted in disruption and disassembly of the architecture of MRSA and P. acnes biofilms, more so in forming biofilms than formed biofilms. The antimicrobial effect on each bacterium was minimal in forming biofilms, and even less in formed biofilms. Increasing radiant exposure slightly from 7.6 J/cm2 to 10.8 J/cm2 without changing any other parameter, yielded more disruption of the biofilm and fewer live MRSA and P. acnes, suggesting that 100% bacterial suppression is possible with further refinement of the protocol. In both planktonic cultures and biofilms, PBL suppressed MRSA more than P. acnes.
Bioorthogonal Reporters for Detecting and Profiling Protein Acetylation and Acylation

Protein acylation, exemplified by lysine acetylation, is a type of indispensable and widespread protein posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. Functional annotation of various lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) is critical to understanding their regulatory roles in abundant biological processes. Traditional radiometric and immunosorbent assays have found broad use in KAT study but have intrinsic limitations. Designing acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reporter molecules bearing chemoselective chemical warhead groups as surrogates of the native cofactor acetyl-CoA for bioorthogonal labeling of KAT substrates has come into a technical innovation in recent years. This chemical biology platform equips molecular biologists with empowering tools in acyltransferase activity detection and substrate profiling. In the bioorthogonal labeling, protein substrates are first enzymatically modified with a functionalized acyl group. Subsequently, the chemical warhead on the acyl chain conjugates with either an imaging chromophore or an affinity handle or any other appropriate probes through an orthogonal chemical ligation. This bioorganic strategy reformats the chemically inert acetylation and acylation marks into a chemically maneuverable functionality and generates measurable signals without recourse to radioisotopes or antibodies. It offers ample opportunities for facile sensitive detection of KAT activity with temporal and spatial resolutions as well as allows for chemoproteomic profiling of protein acetylation pertaining to specific KATs of interest on the global scale. We reviewed here the past and current advances in bioorthogonal protein acylations and highlighted their wide-spectrum applications. We also discussed the design of other related acyl-CoA and CoA-based chemical probes and their deployment in illuminating protein acetylation and acylation biology.
Theme and Variations as a Window into the Creative Mind

A central question in the neuro-imaging of creativity is: what sort of tasks should subjects perform? As researchers explore new paradigms, classical music’s theme and variations form is a promising resource: it is easy to explain, has ample precedent in history, and is readily adaptable to other fields. Most notably, it offers a way to examine a key aspect of the creative process: the tension between novelty and familiarity.
A synthetic approach reveals a highly sensitive maize auxin response circuit

ABSTRACT Auxin plays a key role across all land plants in growth and developmental processes. Although auxin signaling function has diverged and expanded, differences in the molecular functions of signaling components have largely been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we used the Auxin Response Circuit recapitulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ARCSc) system to functionally annotate maize auxin signaling components, focusing on genes expressed during development of ear and tassel inflorescences. All 16 maize Auxin (Aux)/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) repressor proteins are degraded in response to auxin, with rates that depended on both receptor and repressor identity. When fused to the maize TOPLESS (TPL) homolog RAMOSA1 ENHANCER LOCUS2 (REL2), maize Aux/IAAs were able to repress AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) transcriptional activity. A complete auxin response circuit comprised of all maize components, including ZmAFB2/3 b1 maize AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) receptor, was found to be fully functional. The ZmAFB2/3 b1 auxin receptor was found to be more sensitive to hormone than AtAFB2 and allowed for rapid circuit activation upon auxin addition. These results validate the conserved role of predicted auxin response genes in maize, as well as provide evidence that a synthetic approach can facilitate broader comparative studies across the wide range of species with sequenced genomes. A synthetic maize auxin response circuit is recapitulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing a highly sensitive auxin signaling network with functional homology to the Arabidopsis circuit.
Development of a Coated-Micro-Particle Neutron Detector Based on LiF/ZnS Scintillator

6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) micro-particle neutron detectors are a promising technology to further improve neutron detection capabilities for a variety of applications. Specifically, we have been investigating 6 LiF micro-particles coated with ZnS(Ag) to increase the neutron detection efficiency, light production, and light collection efficiency when compared to the existing powder-based technology (EJ-426 from Eljen Technology). Extensive radiation and light transport simulations with single micro-particles have been performed to find the optimal 6 LiF diameter and ZnS(Ag) coating thickness. Full-scale multi-particle simulations also have been performed to determine the optimal pitch (particle-to-particle distance) and detector thickness. Randomizations of 6 LiF radius, ZnS(Ag) coating thickness, position of particles, as well as shape of particles and partial coating have been performed to account for possible manufacturing imperfections. EJ-426 sheets have been modeled for reference purposes by defining spherical grains of 6 LiF and ZnS(Ag) and compared against experiments. The simulation results show that the coated micro-particles should dramatically increase the neutron detection efficiency, light production, and light collection efficiency when compared to the existing EJ-426 technology.
Electrophoretic measurement of water charge density and ion hydration.

Water exchange between bulk water and water-ion complexes will be at equilibrium when the charge density of the complex surface equals the charge density of bulk water, producing a constant radius water-ion complex. This complex will migrate in an electric field at a velocity proportional to the complex radius. CE velocity is the sum of the complex charge-dependent velocity and the buffer electro-osmotic flow. Simultaneous use of both a base (1.07 mM imidazole) and an acid (1.5 mM MOPS) buffer negates EOF at pH 7.4. Electric fields below 300 V/cm (potassium, calcium) and 400 V/cm (magnesium) yield migration velocities with no dehydration of the water-ion complexes. The number of waters per complex increase with the ion charge density: K+ 1.90, Ca++ 5.90, Mg++ 6.59 waters/ion. The charge densities of the complexes are similar: K+ 1.24, Ca++ 1.43, Mg++ 1.21 e/nm2 , for an average bulk water charge density of 1.29 ± 0.11 (SD) e/nm2 . The addition of 0.1% Triton increases the number of waters for Mg++ to 25.33 and lowers the charge density to 0.497 e/nm2 . High electric field dehydration shows that calcium will be fully dehydrated at 638.3 V/cm and magnesium fully dehydrated at 925.5 V/cm, which occur at 6.15 and 5.78 nm from the membrane. Dehydrated magnesium will then bind to calcium channels leading to decreased smooth muscle activation.
Managing Bias When Library Collections Become Data

Developments in AI research have dramatically changed what we can do with data and how we can learn from data. At the same time, implementations of AI amplify the prejudices in data often framed as ‘data bias’ and ‘algorithmic bias.’ Libraries, tasked with deciding what is worth keeping, are inherently discriminatory and yet remain trusted sources of information. As libraries begin to systematically approach their collections as data, will they be able to adopt and adapt the AI-driven tools to traditional practices? Drawing on the work of the AI initiative within Stanford Libraries, the Fantastic Futures conference on AI for libraries, archives, and museums, and recent scholarship on data bias and algorithmic bias, this article encourages libraries to engage critically with AI and help shape applications of the technology to reflect the ethos of libraries for the benefit of libraries themselves and the patrons they serve. A brief examination of two core concepts in machine learning, generalization and unstructured data, provides points of comparison to library practices in order to uncover the theoretical assumptions driving the different domains. The comparison also offers a point of entry for libraries to adopt machine learning methods on their own terms.
Italian Immigration Guides During Mass Migration to Argentina. Linguistic Aspects

While letters and popular narratives written by Italian immigrants have been analyzed with historical and sociolinguistic perspectives, only scant attention has been paid to texts written for poten...
Twyman effect in thin curved optics: effects of variable thickness and curvature

Grinding or finishing of thin curved optics introduces surface-localized stresses that may result in bending deformations, thus affecting optical performance (Twyman effect). The Twyman effect depends on local thickness of the optic as well as its curvature. We use numerical and analytical techniques to assess the effects of these variables for shallow and deeply curved axisymmetric optics. A useful metric of comparison, valid for shallow optics, is the deformation of a similar flat optic (window). This comparison is inadequate for more curved optics, which demonstrate a smaller deformation that is now localized in a boundary layer near the optic-free edge. The effects of thickness variation are also presented. Normal deflection and slope for a positive optic (thickness at the center greater than the tip) are well approximated by a constant thickness optic. This is not the case for a negative optic, where deformations near the apex are more pronounced, thus extending significant deformations through the full optic aperture.
Initial Experience With a Recently Developed Lateral Wall Electrode.

OBJECTIVE To review our hearing preservation rates and speech recognition outcomes in patients undergoing cochlear implantation with a recently developed lateral wall electrode. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Retrospective case series of all patients, both pediatric and adult, undergoing cochlear implantation with the Advanced Bionics Hifocus™ SlimJ electrode between December 2017 and January 2020. Main outcomes included hearing preservation rates using several definitions, speech recognition testing primarily through Arizona Biosciences (AzBio) and Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) testing, intra- and postoperative complications. RESULTS Sixty-one ears underwent implantation with the new electrode. Hearing preservation rates were 13.0% to 36.0% depending on the definition used. Speech recognition testing showed significant increases from pre- to postoperative condition (Implant-only AzBio: 24.1 to 48.3, P = .004, binaural AzBio: 46.1 to 65.9, P = .002, Implant-only CNC: 9.7 to 35.1, P < .001, binaural CNC: 29.8 to 59.40, P < .001) with last speech recognition testing occurring an average of 8.8 months postoperatively. The elderly population had the worst hearing preservation rates across all definitions. Five explantations were required due to two infections and three device failures. CONCLUSION Hearing preservation rates varied significantly depending on the definition used, but users experienced a significant improvement in speech recognition testing after implantation. More work is needed in the community to standardize the definition of residual hearing and hearing preservation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:2782-2788, 2021.