cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basic MEMS Actuators

MEMS are systems that integrate mechanical and electrical components with dimensions on the order of micrometers. Though the concept of MEMS has existed since the 1960s, due to the advent of microfabrication techniques for miniaturizing electronic components, the term MEMS was not coined until 1986. Professors Jacobsen and Wood from the University of Utah devised this terminology in the course of writing a proposal to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [1]. The term was then disseminated via a National Science Foundation (NSF) report, the Utah-held IEEE MEMS workshop in 1989, the IEEE/ASME Journal of MEMS, and subsequent DARPA MEMS funding solicitations. Since its inception, this term has gained wide acceptance as a catchall for microdevices in general. MEMS actuators are a specific class of MEMS that convert energy into motion. The mechanisms by which energy is converted into motion are typically physical or chemical. Motion of theMEMS actuator can be used for positioning, open and closing valves, characterization of energy conversion processes, switching, and material characterization at the micro/nanoscale. A commercial application for positioning with MEMS actuators is that of Texas Instruments Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), wherein micromirrors are positioned (rotated) in order to direct light to create images in projectors for display applications. Opening and closing of (micro) valves is important for microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications. MEMS actuators can be configured to be energy storage devices or to detect quantities pertaining to energy conversion. Radio Frequency (RF) MEMS make use
Real-time Fluorescence Image-Guided Oncologic Surgery

Medical imaging plays a critical role in cancer diagnosis and planning. Many of these patients rely on surgical intervention for curative outcomes. This requires a careful identification of the primary and microscopic tumors, and the complete removal of cancer. Although there have been efforts to adapt traditional-imaging modalities for intraoperative image guidance, they suffer from several constraints such as large hardware footprint, high-operation cost, and disruption of the surgical workflow. Because of the ease of image acquisition, relatively low-cost devices and intuitive operation, optical imaging methods have received tremendous interests for use in real-time image-guided surgery. To improve imaging depth under low interference by tissue autofluorescence, many of these applications utilize light in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which is invisible to human eyes. With the availability of a wide selection of tumor-avid contrast agents, advancements in imaging sensors, electronic and optical designs, surgeons are able to combine different attributes of NIR optical imaging techniques to improve treatment outcomes. The emergence of diverse commercial and experimental image guidance systems, which are in various stages of clinical translation, attests to the potential high impact of intraoperative optical imaging methods to improve speed of oncologic surgery with high accuracy and minimal margin positivity.
1.15 Geomorphology and Late Cenozoic Climate Change

This chapter evaluates the interaction between geomorphology and Earth's archival evidence for late Cenozoic climate change, the time most relevant to modern landforms. It proceeds from an evaluation of climatic geomorphology, through primers on climate, climate change, and paleoclimatology, to selected evidence for climate change featuring marine archives, ice cores, lake records, and aeolian deposits. Late Cenozoic landform development is then reviewed against these events. Glacial and fluvial archives are not treated in depth because, though historically important for triggering interest in climate change, glaciers and rivers tend to confound or erase the legacies of their predecessors, leaving at best a fragmented record of change. Nor does this discussion emphasize short-term records provided by coral bands, varves, and tree rings because the focus here is on defining patterns of climate change at glacial–interglacial scales, with some attention to interstadial and terminal events. The role of cyclicity in environmental change, predicted by Croll and developed by Milankovitch, is revisited in the context of these four archives. Some events, such as alternating warm and cold, or wet and dry, cycles of approximately 100 kyr, 41 kyr, and 22 kyr are expressed, more or less, in glacial, lacustrine, and aeolian landforms. However, lags between climate forcing and landform response and feedback, from both internal and external forcing, cloud these relationships. At larger regional and continental scales, climatic imprints on landform development produce palimpsest landscapes that challenge interpretation.
Impaired capacity to restore proteostasis in the aged brain after ischemia: Implications for translational brain ischemia research

Brain ischemia induced by cardiac arrest or ischemic stroke is a severe form of metabolic stress that substantially disrupts cellular homeostasis, especially protein homeostasis (proteostasis). As proteostasis is fundamental for cellular and organismal health, cells have developed a complex network to restore proteostasis impaired by stress. Many components of this network - including ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation, autophagy, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) - are activated in the post-ischemic brain, and play a crucial role in cell survival and recovery of neurologic function. Importantly, recent studies have shown that ischemia-induced activation of these proteostasis-related pathways in the aged brain is impaired, indicating an aging-related decline in the self-healing capacity of the brain. This impaired capacity is a significant factor for consideration in the field of brain ischemia because the vast majority of cardiac arrest and stroke patients are elderly. In this review, we focus on the effects of aging on these critical proteostasis-related pathways in the brain, and discuss their implications in translational brain ischemia research.
Communicating across Age Lines: A Perspective on the State of the Scholarship of Intergenerational Communication in Health Sciences Libraries

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on intergenerational workplace communication to identify trends or research pertaining to medical or health sciences library ...
Extranodal (EN) and spleen disease by FDG-PET/CT is associated with early clinical failure in untreated follicular lymphoma (FL).

7554Background: Predicting early clinical failure in patients with untreated FL is important but difficult. Lymphoma involvement of EN sites is better detected by FDG-PET/CT than CT alone, but PET ...
Phase separation in the two-dimensional electron liquid in MOSFETs

We show that the existence of an intermediate phase between the Fermi liquid and the Wigner crystal phases is a generic property of the two-dimensional pure electron liquid in MOSFET's at zero temperature. The physical reason for the existence of the phases is a partial separation of the uniform phases. We discuss properties of these phases and a possible explanation of experimental results on transport properties of low density electron gas in MOSFET's. We also argue that in certain range of parameters the partial phase separation corresponds to a supersolid phase discussed in [25].
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic (lymphoid) leukemia (CLL) is a very slowly progressive disease of older persons that is thought to have more in common biologically with non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the diffuse, small lymphocytic B-cell variety than with other leukemias. It differs from other leukemias and lymphomas by progressing very slowly, often without apparent symptoms or signs. For that reason it is more rapidly and probably more commonly diagnosed among those receiving medical care for other reasons. It is known to be very rare in Asia and Asian-Americans, and sometimes it occurs in multiple siblings or other family combinations, both observations suggesting a strong genetic influence. Environmental exposures, including ionizing radiation, have not been shown to cause this form of leukemia. CLL occurs in Los Angeles County with a frequency similar to that in other areas of the United States. Incidence is more common among men as among women, and is more common among whites than among the members of other racial/ethnic groups. Rates among Asian-Americans are especially low, and it is more common among persons of high social class. Although there are no true aggregates of contiguous high-risk census tracts, they seem especially common in the San Fernando Valley.
Valganciclovir Dosing for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Solid-organ Transplant Recipients on Continuous Veno-venous Hemodialysis.

Background Optimal valganciclovir dosing for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients on continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) is not known. Ganciclovir trough concentrations ≥0.60 μg/mL have been suggested for CMV prophylaxis. This study was conducted to determine if valganciclovir 450 mg enterally every 24 hours achieves ganciclovir trough concentrations ≥0.60 μg/mL in patients on CVVHD. Methods This single-center, prospective, open-label, pharmacokinetic study included adult SOT patients admitted to an intensive care unit from March 2018 to June 2019 on CVVHD. All patients were receiving valganciclovir 450 mg enterally every 24 hours for CMV prophylaxis prior to enrollment. Each patient had a peak and trough sample drawn at steady state. Results Ten SOT patients were included in the study (6 liver, 1 simultaneous liver-kidney, 2 bilateral lung, 1 heart). The mean ± SD age was 51.8 ± 14.0 years, and average body mass index was 27 ± 6.9 kg/m2. Ganciclovir trough concentrations ranged from 0.31 to 3.16 μg/mL, and 80% of participants have trough concentrations ≥0.60 μg/mL. No patients had documented neutropenia while on valganciclovir and CVVHD; 60% of patients had significant thrombocytopenia. Conclusions Valganciclovir 450 mg enterally every 24 hours achieved ganciclovir trough concentrations ≥0.60 μg/mL in most patients on CVVHD, similar to those reported with intravenous ganciclovir for prophylaxis in this population. Based on these data, valganciclovir may require dosing every 24 hours to achieve concentrations equivalent to ganciclovir. Neutropenia did not occur in the study period. Thrombocytopenia was common and likely multifactorial.
A Lottery-Demand-Based Explanation of the Beta Anomaly

The low (high) abnormal returns of stocks with high (low) beta, which we refer to as the beta anomaly, is one of the most persistent anomalies in empirical asset pricing research. This article demonstrates that investors’ demand for lottery-like stocks is an important driver of the beta anomaly. The beta anomaly is no longer detected when beta-sorted portfolios are neutralized to lottery demand, regression specifications control for lottery demand, or factor models include a lottery demand factor. The beta anomaly is concentrated in stocks with low levels of institutional ownership and it exists only when the price impact of lottery demand is concentrated in high-beta stocks.
A model specification test for semiparametric nonignorable missing data modeling

Abstract The instrumental variable approaches have been demonstrated effective for semiparametrically modeling the propensity function in analyzing data that may be missing not at random. A model specification test is considered for a class of parsimonious semiparametric propensity models. The test is constructed based on assessing an over-identification so as to detect possible incompatibility in the moment conditions when the model and/or instrumental variables are misspecified. Validity of the test under the null hypothesis is established; and its power is studied when the model is misspecified. A data analysis and simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
AME+Cyber: Evaluating the online delivery of a holistic cyber-related talent development program

The present study used an explanatory mixed-method design to examine the effects of the Achievement Motivation Enhancement (AME)+Cyber enrichment program and teachers? perception of procedures and outcomes in the context of emergency remote teaching, including online and hybrid formats, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three teachers implemented the program with 57 students in grades 9 through 12. To evaluate the program, we combined change score analysis of pretest and posttest data on academic self-perception, self-regulation, goal valuation, cyber-related interest, as well as descriptive interpretative analysis of interview data. We found the online learning format was more effective than the hybrid format for the affective and cognitive outcomes. Qualitative findings suggested pedagogical concerns and struggle with online learning due to emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, centered around a lack of student engagement and interaction that appropriate levels of training and practice could remedy. Implications and future research suggestions are discussed.
Food Assistance Landscape: FY 2007 Annual Report

Federal expenditures for USDA's food assistance programs totaled almost $54.3 billion in fiscal 2007, over 2 percent more than in the previous fiscal year. This rise marked the seventh consecutive year in which food assistance expenditures increased and the fifth consecutive year in which they exceeded the previous historical record. The five largest food assistance programs-the Food Stamp Program, the National School Lunch Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and the School Breakfast Program-accounted for 95 percent of USDA's expenditures for food assistance. This report uses preliminary data from the Food and Nutrition Service to examine trends in the programs through fiscal 2076. It also discusses a series of recent ERS reports that compile evidence to help answer the question of whether the Food Stamp Program can do more to improve the food choices of participants.
String-Wrapped Rotating Disks

Let the centers of a finite number of disjoint, closed disks be pinned to the plane, but with each free to rotate about its center. Given an arrangement of such disks with each labeled + or −, we investigate the question of whether they can be all wrapped by a single loop of string so that, when the string is taut and circulates, it rotates by friction all the ⊕-disks counterclockwise and all the ⊝-disks clockwise, without any string-rubbing conflicts. We show that although this is not always possible, natural disk-separation conditions guarantee a solution. We also characterize the hexagonal “penny-packing” arrangements that are wrappable.
Song discrimination by male Mourning Warblers ( Geothlypis philadelphia ) and implications for population divergence across the breeding range

Geographic variation in song may reduce or eliminate the ability of some populations to recognize each other as conspecifics, possibly leading to assortative mating, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Song playback experiments, used to evaluate the significance of geographic variation in song, have been particularly useful in discovering divergence among previously unknown populations of sibling species. In this study, I report the results of song playback to male Mourning Warblers ( Geothlypis philadelphia ) from populations throughout the breeding range and discuss the implications for population divergence. Four regions in the breeding range contain unique song types or regiolects: western, eastern, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Results of reciprocal song playback experiments showed that males from the western and Newfoundland regiolects respond more aggressively to songs in their own regiolect than those in the other regiolects. Interior populations, i.e., eastern and Nova Scotia regions, showed little or no difference in aggressive response toward their own versus other regiolects. This pattern may be due to a combination of geographic proximity of populations belonging to different regiolects, song learning, experience, and contact during migration. Song discrimination by populations from the western Prairie Provinces and Newfoundland is consistent with the existence of at least partial reproductive isolation at the geographic extremes of the breeding range.
REPRESSION OF TRYPTOPHANASE SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Abstract Beggs, William H. (University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio), and Herman C. Lichstein. Repression of tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 89:996–1004. 1965.—The nature of the glucose effect on tryptophanase in Escherichia coli (Crookes) was investigated to test the catabolite-repression hypothesis. Under static conditions of growth in the presence of 0.005 m glucose, tryptophanase was repressed and remained so upon continued static incubation subsequent to glucose exhaustion. Aeration following glucose exhaustion under static cultural conditions resulted in rapid enzyme synthesis. In the absence of glucose, certain amino acids repressed tryptophanase synthesis early in the growth cycle under aerated conditions. An inverse relationship was observed between the concentration of acid-hydrolyzed casein and the level of tryptophanase. At 3 hr, enzyme activity in cells grown in media containing 0.05% acid-hydrolyzed casein was at least five times that of cells grown in the presence of 1% casein. Addition of 0.005 m d- or l-serine to a 0.05% acid-hydrolyzed casein medium rendered the medium capable of strongly repressing tryptophanase. Glucose-expended medium was prepared by allowing cells to grow and exhaust glucose in static culture. When this expended medium was recovered and inoculated with fresh cells not previously exposed to glucose, tryptophanase synthesis was repressed for a short period in shake culture, but in static culture enzyme synthesis was only slightly affected. When the expended medium was prepared from shake cultures, fresh cells were not repressed strongly when subsequent incubation was carried out aerobically. The tryptophan pool in glucose-repressed cells grown in shake culture was appreciably less than in cells grown in the absence of glucose or in cells undergoing synthesis of tryptophanase after exhaustion of the sugar.
Scaffolding children's understanding of the fit between organisms and their environment in the context of the practices of science

This research project applies the learning progression perspective to the teaching of the conceptual underpinnings of evolution for 2nd and 3rd graders. We frame the progression from the epistemic perspective that understanding a scientific idea encompasses using that idea, in prediction, interpretation and explanation of the natural world. The progression foregrounds the question of the fit between organisms and their environment. This paper reports on the first step of the project, our teaching of the curriculum in an urban summer school and the analysis thereof. We analyze students' reasoning during prototype instructional activities and in comparison of pre -and post-interviews. We have had success scaffolding children's understanding of differential survival advantage of different traits. While we have existence proofs of children coming to understand the impact of this differential on changing distributions across generations, this next step of understanding appears to be much more difficult.
Derivation of Graph and Pointer Algorithms

We introduce operators and laws of an algebra of formal languages, a subalgebra of which corresponds to the algebra of (multiary) relations. This algebra is then used in the formal specification and derivation of some graph and pointer algorithms. This study is part of an attempt to single out a framework for program development at a very high level of discourse, close to informal reasoning but still with full formal precision.
Modeling the calcium and phosphate mineralization of American lobster cuticle1

Bottom-up modeling of American lobster (Homarus americanus) cuticle explains architecture and function ab initio, from first principles, starting with synthesis of component polymers and progressively building composite structure that should explain observed properties. A top-down perspective decomposes the lobster cuticle starting at the top level of structural complexity and function aiming to descend to the finest detail. Both approaches aim to ultimately model the same cuticle structure. Current bottom-up models of the cuticle do not succeed in explaining key structural and functional detail identified by top-down approaches. Top-down identified structures and associated functions are valuable as bases for potential vulnerabilities to microbial attack. An immediate objective is to inform the bottom-up approach of top-down identified model components critical to cuticle function. Top-down features include detail of protein expression and mineral heterogeneity and their function in observed structures. ...
La ventaja epidemiológica de la orientación preferencial del control de la tuberculosis hacia los pobres

Tuberculosis (TB) remains disproportionately concentrated among the poor, yet known determinants of TB reactivation may fail to explain observed disparities in disease rates according to wealth. Reviewing data on TB disparities in India and the wealth distribution of known TB risk factors, we describe how social mixing patterns could be contributing to TB disparities. Wealth-assortative mixing, whereby individuals are more likely to be in contact with others from similar socio-economic backgrounds, amplifies smaller differences in risk of TB, resulting in large population-level disparities. As disparities and assortativeness increase, TB becomes more difficult to control, an effect that is obscured by looking at population averages of epidemiological parameters, such as case detection rates. We illustrate how TB control efforts may benefit from preferential targeting toward the poor. In India, an equivalent-scale intervention could have a substantially greater impact if targeted at those living below the poverty line than with a population-wide strategy. In addition to potential efficiencies in targeting higher-risk populations, TB control efforts would lead to a greater reduction in secondary TB cases per primary case diagnosed if they were preferentially targeted at the poor. We highlight the need to collect programmatic data on TB disparities and explicitly incorporate equity considerations into TB control plans.
Management of focused storage technology in a hybrid job-shop environment

This paper describes focused storage inventory control and discusses a current case involving the implementation of focused storage concepts and technology in a hybrid job-shop environment. The paper covers technology management issues faced by the job-shop that uses focused storage and those faced by the researcher/consultant proposing such a system.
Cultural Artifact and Architectural Form: A Museum of Quilts and Quilt Making

A cultural artifact can serve as a compelling pedagogical tool in the design studio. Through analogous qualities, a cultural artifact can provide a means of developing the formal language and constructive processes that, in turn, generate architectural expression. This article presents the contribution of a specific artifact, the quilt, in such an investigation. It describes the quilt's formal, compositional, and material qualities, the processes associated with its fabrication, its narrative role, and the ways in which these characteristics inform the methodology for designing a museum of quilts and quilt making.
Formation and relative ages of maskelynite and carbonate in ALH84001

The morphology and stoichiometry of feldspathic glass in the Martian meteorite ALH84001 indicates it is maskelynite (a diaplectic glass) rather than a flowed glass, although this glass was heterogeneously affected by a tertiary set of processes. An impact event with shock pressures in excess of 31 GPa was needed to convert the original plagioclase (An36Ab60Or4) to maskelynite. Carbonate is intimately associated with the maskelynite, and the carbonate’s radiating crystalline fabric and globular forms suggest it was produced after plagioclase was converted to maskelynite. Textures also suggest carbonate was produced at the expense of maskelynite in a dissolution-precipitation reaction that involved a carbonic fluid. This fluid system is tentatively estimated to have been active for at least a few years at temperatures <300°C, based on dissolution rates of plagioclase in mildly to strongly alkaline hydrothermal systems (which is the only analogue currently available). This reaction does not need to be mitigated by microbial life. Neither are bacteria needed to produce the radiating textures and globular forms of carbonate, which may instead reflect kinetic phenomena associated with crystal nucleation and growth. Because the carbonate was produced at the expense of maskelynite, it is younger than maskelynite, which has previously been shown to have last degassed 3.92 ± 0.04 Ga (Turner et al., 1997). However, the specific age of the carbonate and the carbonic fluid system remains unknown.
Pulmonary dendritic cells: sentinels of lung-associated lymphoid tissues.

The lung is an immense, delicate surface for interaction of the body with the external environment. Inhaled antigens such as microorganisms and pollutants must be identified and an immunologic response mounted without disrupting pulmonary gas exchange. A pivotal step in the generation of an immune response is the activation of T cells by their recognition of antigen. T cells recognize processed antigen bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mole­ cules on the surface of accessory cells, termed antigen-pre­ senting cells (APC), that take up and process the antigen. Be­ cause the lung is an immunologically active organ in which a primary immune response can be generated, it follows that effective accessory cells should exist in the lung. Early studies focused on the accessory cell capacities of alveolar macrophages (AM), but numerous studies have shown that AM are poor accessory cells in most species, including mice, rats, and humans. However, cell populations derived from minced, enzyme-digested rat, mouse, and human lung have potent accessory activity. In all of these studies, evidence strongly suggested that the accessory cells were dendritic cells (DC). DC constitute a distinct lineage that is widely distributed throughout the body. A variety of names have been used to describe these cells, depending on their state of differentia­ tion/activation and their tissue localization, including veiled cells, interdigitating cells, dendritic cells, and Langerhan's cells. These motile leukocytes are characterized morpholo­ gically by the presence of numerous long, irregular dendritic processes, an extremely irregular and folded nucleus, and an absence of phagolysosomes. They lack cytochemical markers of mononuclear phagocytes but constitutively express high levels of MHC class II molecules and the leukocyte common antigen, the latter reflecting their bone marrow origin. There are few examples of specific monoclonal anti-DC antibodies, but a mouse DC-restricted antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 33D1 has been described. In contrast to other leu­ kocytes, they do not possess known effector functions for the direct elimination of antigen. However, when DC are mixed
Inactivation of Mold Ascospores and Conidiospores Suspended in Fruit Juices by Pulsed Electric Fields

The inactivation ofByssochlamys fulvaconidiospores andNeosartoria fischeriascospores suspended in different fruit juices by high pulsed electric fields (PEF) was studied. A continuous coaxial treatment chamber was used to apply the treatments. The molds were exposed to exponential decay pulses (2 Hz) of different duration periods (2–3.3μs) depending on the type of fruit juice. The inactivation ofB. fulvaconidiospores depended on the treatment time (number of pulses×width of pulses), electric field intensity and fruit juice in which they were treated. The conidiospore inactivation increased when the applied number of pulses was increased. At a constant input voltage (30 kV) the hierarchy of effectiveness for conidiospore inactivation was cranberry>grape>pineapple>orange>apple>tomato. In cranberry juice the population ofB. fulvaconidiospores decreased almost six log cycles after two pulses, while in tomato juice it decreased less than one log cycle after the same treatment. In apple juice, after eight pulses of treatment at 32.3 kV/cm the number of survivors decreased three log cycles, and at 41.7 kV/cm this number decreased six log cycles.N. fischeriascospores suspended in cranberry juice were not inactivated by PEF, even after 40 pulses of treatment at 51.0 kV/cm.
Extreme Evolutionary Conservation of Functionally Important Regions in H1N1 Influenza Proteome

The H1N1 subtype of influenza A virus has caused two of the four documented pandemics and is responsible for seasonal epidemic outbreaks, presenting a continuous threat to public health. Co-circulating antigenically divergent influenza strains significantly complicates vaccine development and use. Here, by combining evolutionary, structural, functional, and population information about the H1N1 proteome, we seek to answer two questions: (1) do residues on the protein surfaces evolve faster than the protein core residues consistently across all proteins that constitute the influenza proteome? and (2) in spite of the rapid evolution of surface residues in influenza proteins, are there any protein regions on the protein surface that do not evolve? To answer these questions, we first built phylogenetically-aware models of the patterns of surface and interior substitutions. Employing these models, we found a single coherent pattern of faster evolution on the protein surfaces that characterizes all influenza proteins. The pattern is consistent with the events of inter-species reassortment, the worldwide introduction of the flu vaccine in the early 80’s, as well as the differences caused by the geographic origins of the virus. Next, we developed an automated computational pipeline to comprehensively detect regions of the protein surface residues that were 100% conserved over multiple years and in multiple host species. We identified conserved regions on the surface of 10 influenza proteins spread across all avian, swine, and human strains; with the exception of a small group of isolated strains that affected the conservation of three proteins. Surprisingly, these regions were also unaffected by genetic variation in the pandemic 2009 H1N1 viral population data obtained from deep sequencing experiments. Finally, the conserved regions were intrinsically related to the intra-viral macromolecular interaction interfaces. Our study may provide further insights towards the identification of novel protein targets for influenza antivirals.
2D molecular square grid with strong blue fluorescent emission: a complex of norfloxacin with zinc(II).

The hydrothermal reactions of norfloxacin (H-Norf) with Zn(OH)2 and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O respectively, afford two different products, Zn(Norf)2·4H2O (1) and Zn(H-Norf)2.(NO3)2·2H2O(2). 1 represents, to our knowledge, an unprecedented neutral metal-based molecular square grid with strong blue fluorescent emission.
Yield locus studies of oriented polycarbonate An anisotropic and pressure-dependent solid

Abstract Uniaxial and biaxial stress states were employed so as to investigate the yield behavior of oriented polycarbonate. These experimental results are compared with a theoretical yield locus based upon a yield criterion proposed for solids that are both anisotropic and pressure dependent in regard to macroscopic yield behavior. A good correlation between theory and experiment was found.
Developing a Dark Web collection and infrastructure for computational and social sciences

In recent years, there have been numerous studies from a variety of perspectives analyzing the Internet presence of hate and extremist groups. Yet the websites and forums of extremist and terrorist groups have long remained an underutilized resource for terrorism researchers due to their ephemeral nature and access and analysis problems. The purpose of the Dark Web archive is to provide a research infrastructure for use by social scientists, computer and information scientists, policy and security analysts, and others studying a wide range of social and organizational phenomena and computational problems. The Dark Web Forum Portal provides web enabled access to critical international jihadist and other extremist web forums. The focus of this paper is on the significant extensions to previous work including: increasing the scope of data collection, adding an incremental spidering component for regular data updates; enhancing the searching and browsing functions; enhancing multilingual machine-translation for Arabic, French, German and Russian; and advanced Social Network Analysis. A case study on identifying active participants is shown at the end.
Serum Progesterone Concentrations and Maternal Behavior in Rats after Pregnancy Termination: Behavioral Stimulation after Progesterone Withdrawal and Inhibition by Progesterone Maintenance*

The involvement of progesterone (P) withdrawal during late pregnancy in the initiation of maternal behavior was examined in primigravid rats. Females that were ovariectomized (0), hysterectomized (H), or ovariectomized and hysterectomized (OH) at 1000 h on day 17 of pregnancy responded maternally to foster pups significantly faster than did sham-operated intact (I) controls. Approximately 50% of 0 and OH animals and 8% of both H and I females became maternal within 30 h after surgery. At 48 h after surgery 90–100% of O, H, and OH animals responded maternally to foster young, whereas only 8% of I pregnant females were maternal. Increases in the number of I animals that exhibited maternal behavior were observed 72 and 96 h after surgery, 1–2 days before parturition. Serum P concentrations were measured in a second set of 0, H, OH, and I animals bled at 1000 h on day 17, 1600 h on day 17, 1000 h on day 18, and/or 1000 h on day 19 of pregnancy or post-sperm smear (pss). Serum P levels in I females did not cha...
Hematologic emergencies in the pediatric emergency room.

The complete blood count (CBC) describes the three hematopoietic lineages (i.e., the erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), and it is an essential diagnostic component in numerous clinical situations. The pediatric CBC and hematologic problems in children may significantly differ from that of adults. In this article, special features of pediatric hematologic emergencies are highlighted.
Tunneling characteristics at atomic resolution on close-packed metal surfaces

Abstract We have observed atomic resolution in constant-current topography along close-packed directions on Cu(111), Au(110) (1x2) and Ag(111) surfaces in UHV. Novel experimental information obtained from tunneling I-V and I-s characteristics observed under “atomic resolution” conditions is presented. Our results are discussed in the light of current theoretical models. We suggest that foreign material in the tip apex plays an important role in the imaging mechanism.
Differential Mesh Generation

This paper examines a differential gridding method for generating computational meshes appropriate for solving partial differential equations. Differential methods pose mesh generation as an elliptical boundary value problem within a framework of differential geometry. Generalized Laplacian operators are used to propagate the known coordinate values on the boundary points into the interior in a smooth manner. The methodology allows for the specification of monitor functions that provide localized mesh regularization and prevent grid clustering. Mesh examples are provided for two seismic imaging applications: wave-equation Green’s function generation and wave-equation migration from topography. In both cases, the resulting regularized meshes have minimal convexity and are conformal to the the prescribed boundaries.
Polynomial expansion for range image segmentation and classification of the environment

In this paper we introduce a method that utilizes a high-order polynomial expansion of range imagery for the purposes of image segmentation and classification. The use of polynomial expansion has been quite successful in segmenting and estimating optical flow in 2D imagery, but has not been used extensively in 3D or range imagery. We derive features using the coefficients of the high-order polynomial expansion and use those features for local and global segmentation of the range image. Finally, we classify the segments based on the features within each segment. Promising results are shown on range images from the Odetic lidar database.
Investigating intelligibility for uncertain context-aware applications

Context-aware applications use sensing and inference to attempt to determine users' contexts, and take appropriate action. However, they are prone to uncertainty, and this may compromise the trust users have in them. Providing intelligibility has been proposed to help explain to users how context-aware applications work in order to improve user impressions of them. However, we hypothesize that intelligibility may actually be harmful for applications that are very uncertain of their actions. We conducted a large controlled study of a location-aware and a sound-aware application, investigating the impact of intelligibility on understanding, and user impression of applications with varying certainty. We found that intelligibility impacts user impressions, depending on the application's certainty and behavior appropriateness. Intelligibility is helpful for applications with high certainty, but it is harmful if applications behave appropriately, yet display low certainty.
The Combination of Doripenem and Colistin Is Bactericidal and Synergistic against Colistin-Resistant, Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

We tested two-drug combinations of doripenem, colistin, gentamicin, and doxycycline against 12 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) isolates by time-kill. The combination of doripenem and colistin reduced the starting inocula by 2 logs for each isolate (range, 2.02 to 6.01 log10) and was bactericidal and synergistic against 75 and 50%, respectively. Among colistin- and pan-drug-resistant isolates, synergy was identified in 60 and 67%, respectively. All other combinations were inferior. We are currently evaluating the combination of doripenem and colistin as a frontline therapy for KPC infection.
Primary Gross Tumor Volume is an Important Prognostic Factor in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Trimodality Therapy

Purpose This study investigated the relationship between tumor volume and outcomes in patients receiving trimodality therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
Role of Maternal Gesture Use in Speech Use by Children With Fragile X Syndrome

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how maternal gesture relates to speech production by children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Method Participants were 27 young children with FXS (23 boys, 4 girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted between the ages of 25 and 37 months (toddler period) and again between the ages of 60 and 71 months (child period). The videos were later coded for types of maternal utterances and maternal gestures that preceded child speech productions. Children were also assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at both ages. Results Maternal gesture use in the toddler period was positively related to expressive language scores at both age periods and was related to receptive language scores in the child period. Maternal proximal pointing, in comparison to other gestures, evoked more speech responses from children during the mother–child interactions, particularly when combined with wh-questions. Conclusion This study adds to the growi...
Oscillations of a High-Voltage Secondary Winding

THE PHYSICAL THEORY of the characteristic oscillations of a high-voltage winding as a primary, that is, when the voltage disturbances are impressed directly across its terminals, is now well known.1 However its behavior as a secondary with respect to the disturbances is not as well known. Although papers2–4 have been published on this latter subject, this paper presents a physical theory believed to be novel and helpful.
Applications and aspects of random measures

Abstract Some applications that motivate a serious study of random measures leading to an analysis of their structure and use in integral representations are described. Both univariate and multiple aspects as well as their translation invariant properties in the coordinate space R k , k ≥ 1 , are considered. A few problems on convolutions of these measures and associated multi-forms (or poly-forms) are indicated.
Automobile Ownership and Use in Neotraditional and Conventional Neighborhoods

Although the commonly accepted link between automobile ownership and automobile use has inspired some municipalities to experiment with neighborhood design in an attempt to influence both automobile ownership and travel behavior, the underlying relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership is still unclear. Evidence suggests that automobile ownership is tightly linked to income and household size and is less responsive to urban design. This research uses data from a matched pair of neighborhoods-one conventional and one neotraditional-to consider the relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership and the relationship between these factors and automobile use. Statistically significant differences were found for automobile ownership in the two neighborhoods. In addition, there were clear differences in automobile use-residents of neotraditional developments made fewer automobile trips, traveled fewer miles in their vehicles, and spent less time driving. This has implic...
New material design with V1-xWxO2 film for sky radiator to obtain temperature stability

Spectral selective radiating material (SSRM ) such as a SiO film deposited on metallic substrate can be cooled lower than the ambient temperature due to its high IR emission in the spectral region of the atmospheric window under clear sky conditions. In this paper we propose a new stacked SSRM consisting of SiO film and V 1-x W x O 2 thermochromic film to stabilize the surface temperature of the sky radiator. The transition temperature from metallic to semiconductor phase of V 1-x W x O 2 thermochromic film can be adjusted to a temperature near ambient by the control of the doping level of x. The radiative cooling of the new SSRM was simulated using the optical constants of SiO and V 1-x W x O 2 obtained by optical measurements. The results reveal that the newly designed SSRM can attain a stable surface temperature determined by the transition temperature of the V 1-x W x O 2 film.
Drug treatment outcomes: investigating the long-term effects of sexual and physical abuse histories.

Abstract Individuals in drug treatment, particularly women, generally report high levels of past sexual and physical abuse. Although histories of sexual and physical abuse are associated with greater prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, phobias, and interpersonal difficulties for individuals seeking substance-related treatment, several recent studies failed to show that prior sexual or physical abuse compromised short-term drug treatment outcomes. This study examined the possible effects of sexual and physical abuse on a wide array of behavioral domains over a two-year posttreatment period. The findings indicate few differences bet ween those with and without pasthistories of such abuse in terms of drug use, drug treatment and 12-Step program participation, criminality, income sources, intimatere lationships, family functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. There are specific exceptions, but they apply only to men. Overall, the findings indicate that the impact of sexual and physical abuse histori...
Performance of the SLD Central Drift Chamber Prototype

A two-cell prototype of the SLD Central Drift Chamber has been tested using CO2-isobutane (92%-8%) at one atmosphere. Average single wire resolution of 55 ?m was achieved. Charge division tests indicate a resolution for the final design of ? 0.5% of wire length. dE/dx separation of ? - e should be useful up to at least 7 GeV/c.
EFFECTS OF PRECOOKING BEEF PATTIES ON PALATABILITY, COOKING PROPERTIES AND STORAGE STABILITY

Precooked and raw frozen patties varying in level of soy protein and spices were prepared at two commercial locations. The patties were cooked or reheated by either roasting, broiling, or microwave. Precooked, reheated patties were rated tougher and drier by the trained panel. Panel ratings for precooked, reheated patties were low enough to be considered of practical importance. The addition of soy protein to the mixture significantly increased the panel ratings for tenderness.
Do negative mood states impact moral reasoning

This paper presents three studies exploring the relationship between emotional responses to classic cognitive developmental moral dilemmas and moral reasoning indices as measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT). Each study indicated that certain moral dilemmas elicit varying levels of anger and sadness as compared to a neutral baseline. In each study, decreased moral reasoning was observed in those instances where reports in both sadness and anger were high following a dilemma. This did not occur, however, in those instances where only sadness or anger was high following a dilemma. Affective inductions prior to taking the DIT (study 3) did not impact trends beyond that found for individual moral dilemmas in studies 1 and 2. Although certain dilemmas elicited affective states that temporarily influenced reasoning, in general participants’ reasoning levels stayed consistent across dilemmas. Results are discussed in terms of the role of affect on the moral judgment process.
Hybrid low dielectric constant thin films for microelectronics

Abstract The fabrication of future interconnects in integrated circuits requires insulators with decreasing dielectric constants in order to maintain or improve the electrical performance of such devices. This is achieved through the introduction of air in the form of porosity. However, such porous materials suffer from two major drawbacks: lower mechanical properties and decreasing plasma resistance. In this paper we discuss the design of novel low-k materials, the structure/porosity effect on plasma damage and emerging solutions envisioned to mitigate these issues.
Information technology and product policy : "smart" products

Abstract Increasingly, information technology (IT) is incorporated in products to make them ‘smart’ - to provide the user with improved information about and control over performance, greater automation, and enhanced features, functions, and capabilities. These product improvements - and one hopes the consumer sees them as improvements - are made possible by the programing capabilities of microprocessors and other electronic devices, which expand the set of benefit-enhancing attributes that can be designed into a product and make it easier and cheaper to change, add, or drop a growing set of attributes. This article outlines three major productpolicy concerns stemming from the new-found design facility, flexibility, and economy: getting the product and product line ‘right’, managing the speed and nature of product change, and establishing product-use standards. A central message that emerges is the need for a new system of checks and balances to restrain the product supplier from piling on the features, too fast and with dysfunctional disruptions in product-use standards. The message should be of interest to a broad set of organizational functions: product design and development, product and marketing management, and IT management.