cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-cycle low-temperature demagnetization (LTD) of multidomain Fe3O4 (magnetite)

Abstract An improved multi-cycle low-temperature demagnetization (MC-LTD) method for multidomain (MD) Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite) by repeating LTD cycles between any two temperatures below 300 K is proposed to provide more rigorous constraints on the utilization of the LTD mechanism. MC-LTD was performed for four temperature intervals, 300–150 K, 150–125 K, (cycling through the isotropic point T k ∼130 K, where the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K 1 changes sign), 125–95 K (cycling through the Verwey transition T v ∼120 K, where crystal symmetry changes from cubic to monoclinic) and 95–60 K. Results show that the remanence loss during MC-LTD depends on the number of LTD cycles. Above T v , demagnetization of remanence after MC-LTD is caused by the gradual reorganization of magnetic domains. For the 95–125 K interval, the remanence loss results from the changes of easy axes between [0 0 1] of the cubic phase above T v and the c -axis of the monoclinic phase below T v . These two processes approximately follow the Boltzmann-analog relation, but the latter involves more degree of freedom. Below T v , thermal equilibrium processes control the minor decay (less than 0.5% of the initial remanence intensity) of remanences.
Prereferral interventions: Quality indices and outcomes

Abstract Quality indicators of prereferral interventions (i.e., behavioral definition, direct measure, step-by-step plan, treatment integrity, graphing of results, and direct comparison to baseline) were investigated as predictors of prereferral intervention outcomes with a sample of regular education teachers and related services personnel on the same 312 students. The majority of the prereferral interventions were deficient in these critical areas; however, the presence of quality indices was related to positive student outcomes. The results suggested that (a) prereferral interventions varied dramatically in quality, (b) the use of quality indices influenced the outcomes of prereferral interventions, and (c) improved quality of interventions led to more successful outcomes for students.
Acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary artery: a case report and review of literature

A 17-year-old girl with no risk factors for coronary artery disease had acute myocardial infarction. She received thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator. An extensive workup for the cause of myocardial infarction revealed protein S deficiency. Angiography showed normal coronary arteries. We speculate that the cause of myocardial infarction was coronary spasm or thrombus formation, which was successfully dissolved by thrombolytic therapy. This is the eighth case report of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with normal coronaries and protein S deficiency. We reviewed the literature concerning myocardial infarction and normal coronaries and protein S deficiency. This case report and review of the literature suggest the need to extend the concept of classic risk factors for coronary artery disease in young patients with myocardial infarction and normal coronary arteries.
Where Information Society and Community Voice Intersect

Information and communication technology (ICT) development initiatives have begun to acknowledge the power and importance of cultural and community-focused belief systems. Yet the vast majority of such initiatives tend to preidentify developmental goals that communities hold. Paulo Freire's writings have influenced development initiatives by introducing the possibility of working with communities to orient projects. While these “participatory” initiatives have involved soliciting community feedback relative to a research project whose goals were formulated in the university or development institution, they do not go far enough to harness actual visions held by communities. It is important to conceptualize a model and methodology of engaging communities to develop and articulate their own goals of information access and ultimately, an indigenous approach toward cultural, political, and economic aspects of development. This approach holds promise to sustain communities within a return on the investment and ...
On the Distribution of the Bivariate Range

The distribution of the bivariate range R (defined below) is evidently unknown. This note discusses two approximations based on Monte Carlo moment data provided by the late S. S. Wilks. One approximation is based on an Edgeworth's series expansion and the other on a Chi-approximation. Upper bounds for the percentiles of R are discussed. Also given is a brief summary of other measures of dispersion of impact, points randomly distributed on the plane of a target. Two such measures relating to the conves hull of the impact points are proposed.
Can the substructure of fossil feathers provide taxonomic information

In the study reported here we explore a method for extracting information on the identity of fossil bird families from the fossil feather substructure and their possible taxonomic association with extant bird families. Such information can serve as an ecological indicator of the paleo-environment from which the fossil feathers have originated. It has been established that the balance between the water repellency and the resistance to water penetration of feathers can provide taxonomic information on bird families. These properties of feathers can be determined from the diameter of the barbs and their spacing, and their values correlate to the behavior/habitats of a large variety of families, particularly water bird families. The observed relationship between feather structure and habitat/behavior in extant water birds equally applies to fossil feathers and hence offers taxonomic clues about its avian bearer. The method is most productive for body feathers and limited to fossils of sufficient quality to permit evaluation in terms of barb diameter and spacing. The fossil feather collections of the Paleo-biology section of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC and the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt a/M were examined, and those specimens most amenable to quantitative evaluation were measured. The family relation of several specimens could be independently verified by the presence of additional anatomic material.
A Factor Analysis Exploring School Bonding and Related Constructs Among Upper Elementary Students

Since Hirschi’s (1969) seminal work with delinquent youths, researchers have included school bonding and related constructs in analyses of delinquency, school dropout, student motivation, risk and resiliency, and academic achievement. In addition to school bonding, researchers have studied school engagement, school attachment, school connectedness, and other constructs as they relate to various student outcomes. At times, these constructs are measured and defined quite similarly, if not identically. However, in other instances, identical terms have been used to describe a construct that is measured in vastly different ways. These redundancies and discrepancies make it difficult to draw conclusions and build upon the summative knowledge gleaned from the extant school bonding research. In this article, research studies that use school bonding or a related construct (e.g., school engagement) are reviewed, with a specific focus on definition and measurement. A factor analysis was conducted using selected survey items from various school bonding and related measures, yielding five factors. The unique and shared aspects of these factors are discussed as well as implications for school practice and future research.
γ-tubulin in Chlamydomonas: Characterization of the gene and localization of the gene product in cells

In addition to their role in nucleating the assembly of axonemal microtubules, basal bodies often are associated with a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) for cytoplasmic microtubules. In an effort to define molecular components of the basal body apparatus in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, genomic and cDNA clones encoding γ-tubulin were isolated and sequenced. The gene, present in a single copy in the Chlamydomonas genome, encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 52,161 D and 73% and 65% conservation with γ-tubulin from higher plants and humans, respectively. To examine the distribution of γ-tubulin in cells, a polyclonal antibody was raised against two peptides contained within the protein. Immunoblots of Chlamydomonas proteins show a major cross-reaction with a protein of Mr 53,000. In Chlamydomonas cells, the antibody stains the basal body apparatus as two or four spots at the base of the flagella and proximal to the microtubule rootlets. During cell division, two groups of fluorescent dots separate and localize to opposite ends of the mitotic apparatus. They then migrate during cleavage to positions known to be occupied by basal bodies. Changes in γ-tubulin localization during the cell cycle are consistent with a role for this protein in the nucleation of microtubules of both the interphase cytoplasmic array and the mitotic spindle. Immunogold labeling of cell sections showed that γ-tubulin is closely associated with the basal bodies. The flagellar transition region was also labeled, possibly indicating a role for γ-tubulin in assembly of the central pair microtubules of the axoneme. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 42:285–297, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Work in progress — Maximizing student engagement in a learning management system

Use of online learning management systems in higher education is rapidly increasing. Varying methods of establishing and applying the learning management systems can be found among institutions. What content makes a successful online learning environment for students? What can institutions do to better impact student engagement in these systems? And what types of tools do students really desire in these systems? These questions are directing a research study to determine critical elements necessary for students to embrace a learning management system. The goal of our project is to guide administrators and faculty in developing an online learning environment that will enhance and promote student engagement. How best to facilitate a learning environment to support a “sense of community” will also be explored. There are several steps to be performed in our project and this work-in-progress paper will outline those steps and our progress to date.
Discordant expression of selectin ligands and sialyl Lewis x-related epitopes on murine myeloid cells.

Murine leukocytes are thought to express α2-3-sialylated and α1-3-fucosylated selectin ligands such as sialyl Lewis x (sLex), although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sLex or Lex reportedly do not bind to murine leukocytes. We observed that P- and E-selectin bound to pronase-sensitive ligands on murine monocytic WEHI-3 cells and murine neutrophils, indicating that the ligands for both selectins are glycoproteins. CSLEX-1, HECA-452, and other widely used mAbs to sLex and Lex did not bind to WEHI-3 cells and bound at very low levels to murine neutrophils. Only the anti-sLex mAbs 2H5 and KM93, which also recognize nonfucosylated glycans, bound to WEHI-3 cells. 2H5 and KM93 bound to pronase-resistant structures, indicating that the mAbs did not identify selectin ligands. Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with glycosidases or chlorate demonstrated that sialic acid modifications, α1-3-galactosylation, or sulfation did not mask epitopes for mAbs to sLex or Lex. Compared to human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, WEHI-3 cells and murine neutrophils expressed low α1-3-fucosyltransferase activities. Consistent with very low endogenous fucosylation, forced fucosylation of intact WEHI-3 cells or murine neutrophils by exogenous α1-3-fucosyltransferase FTVI and GDP-fucose created many new epitopes for anti-sLexmAbs such as HECA-452 and CSLEX-1. Nevertheless, forced fucosylation of intact cells did not significantly augment their ability to bind to fluid-phase P- or E-selectin or to roll on immobilized P- or E-selectin under flow. These data suggest that murine myeloid leukocytes fucosylate only a few specific glycans, which interact preferentially with P- and E-selectin.
The calculus of ethical voting

Papers by Feddersen and Sandroni (Am Econ Rev, 2006a; Q J polit Sci, 2006b) and Coate and Colin (Am Econ Rev, 94:1476–1504, 2004) provide an explanation for turnout in large elections. These papers introduce ethical agents who are motivated to participate when they determine that agents of their type are morally obligated to do so. Unlike previous duty-based models of participation, ethical agents’ moral obligation to vote is determined endogenously as a function of the behavior of other agents. In order to predict outcomes, a solution concept called consistency links agents’ preferences with actual behavior in a manner analogous to Nash equilibrium. In this paper, we address the foundational problems in ethical participation models. We show the restrictions consistency imposes on the central notion of group identity, the incentive constraints on ethical reasoning, and the existence and uniqueness of consistent profiles.
“The current answers don't do”: The comic form of night and day

L.[eonard] finds the philosophy [of Night and Day] very melancholy…. Yet, if one is to deal with people on a large scale and say what one thinks, how can one avoid melancholy? I don't admit to being hopeless though: only the spectacle is a profoundly strange one, and as the current answers don't do, one has to grope for a new one, and the process of discarding the old [answers] when one is by no means certain what to put in their place, is a sad one. Still, if you think of it, what answers do Arnold Bennett or Thackeray, for instance, suggest? Happy ones—satisfactory solutions—answers one would accept, if one had the least respect for one's soul ?
Solving Rubik's Cube: disk is the new RAM

Substituting disk for RAM, disk-based computation is a way to increase working memory and achieve results that are not otherwise economical.
Broad-spectrum modulation of ATP-binding cassette transport proteins by the taxane derivatives ortataxel (IDN-5109, BAY 59-8862) and tRA96023

Purpose The taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel are substrates for P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport protein associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). In contrast, the synthetic taxane ortataxel (BAY 59-8862, IDN-5109) is effective against Pgp-expressing cells by virtue of modulation of Pgp-mediated transport. The synthetic taxane tRA96023 also modulates Pgp and is noncytotoxic due to removal of the tubulin-binding side chain at the C-13 position of the taxane backbone. We studied the effects of ortataxel and tRA96023 on the other MDR-associated ABC transport proteins, multidrug resistance protein (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, MXR, ABCG2).
ECONOMICS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORM

This paper develops three basic economic principles for effective corporate governance: (1) information accuracy and timeliness, (2) management accountability, and (3) auditor independence. Accuracy and timeliness of information is critical to providing market participants with the data necessary to monitor and evaluate managers. Management accountability focuses on strengthening the incentives of managers to act in shareholders' interests and on increasing the likelihood and magnitude of punishment for wrongdoing. Auditor independence reduces the incentives and likelihood that auditors would give managers more leeway to undertake fraudulent or questionable acts. The author provides a preliminary assessment of how well legislative reforms, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, regulatory changes at the SEC, and private sector responses such as those from self-regulatory organizations like the NYSE and NASDAQ, conform to these economic principles. The paper concludes by commenting on current proposals from the SEC on “shareholder democracy” and emphasizing the importance of balancing private and public regulatory responses.
Functional characterization of sucrose binding protein-mediated sucrose uptake in yeast

A sucrose binding protein was identified whose temporal and spatial patterns of mRNA expression and localization patterns of protein were tightly correlated with the active uptake of sucrose in several cell types. Heterologous expression of the sucrose binding protein in yeast strains have allowed a functional characterization of sucrose uptake as mediated by this protein. Ectopic expression of the sucrose binding protein in the susy7/ura3 yeast strain restored the ability of this strain to grow on medium containing sucrose as a sole carbon source. Further characterization of the kinetics of [(14)C]-sucrose uptake indicate that the sucrose binding protein mediates the uptake of sucrose in a non-saturable, linear manner and that this uptake is relatively insensitive to pH or treatment with protonophores. These biochemical attributes of sucrose binding protein-mediated sucrose uptake mimic the well characterized linear, non-saturable uptake of sucrose described in higher plants. The sucrose binding protein is a unique plasma membrane protein and shares sequence similarity to the seed storage proteins. The sucrose binding protein may mediate sucrose uptake across the plasma membrane in a plant-specific manner.
Prise en charge actuelle des artères sous-clavières droites aberrantes

Introduction L'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante represente l'anomalie la plus frequente des troncs supra-aortiques. Cette variante a fait l'objet de tres peu de publications portant sur sa prise en charge. Notre objectif etait de revoir les options therapeutiques et les resultats de ces reconstructions vasculaires potentiellement complexes. Methodes Une revue retrospective portant sur tous les patients ayant eu un diagnostic d'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante au sein de notre institution entre Janvier 2003 et Juillet 2009 etait realisee. Resultats 24 patients, constituant ainsi une des plus grandes series rapportees, dont 10 hommes et 14 femmes (âge moyen : 46,6 ans, range : 7-77), avaient une artere sous-claviere droite aberrante. Seize (66%) anomalies etaient diagnostiquees de maniere fortuite, mais huit (33%) avaient des symptomes de dysphagie, ischemie de membre superieur, ou les deux. La tomodensitometrie etait l'examen le plus frequemment utilise pour etablir le diagnostic (19 patients, 79%). L'imagerie par resonance magnetique permettait le diagnostic chez trois patients (12%), le transit oeso-gastro-duodenal chez un patient (4%), et une angiographie classique chez un patient (4%). Un diverticule de Kommerell (DK) etait l'anomalie la plus frequemment associee (sept patients, 29%). Les sept patients (100%) ayant un DK necessitaient une intervention du fait de symptomes ou d'une degenerescence anevrysmale. Une intervention etait realisee chez 10 patients (42%), dont un pontage carotido-sous-clavier chez cinq patients (50%), une transposition carotido-sous-claviere chez trois patients (30%), et un pontage aorte ascendante-sous-clavier chez deux patients (20%). Quatre patients (40%) avaient une procedure additionnelle pour prise en charge d'une pathologie anevrysmale de l'aorte ou un DK : un remplacement aortique ouvert dans deux cas (20%) et une endoprothese aortique dans deux cas (20%). Il y avait un deces peri-operatoire (10%) chez un patient opere d'un deroutage de la crosse aortique avec mise en place d'une endoprothese. En tout, 18 patients survivaient sans symptome avec un suivi moyen de 38 mois. Conclusions Les arteres sous-clavieres aberrantes sont le plus souvent diagnostiquees par tomodensitometrie. La presence d'un DK semblait correlee a l'indication operatoire. Les patients asymptomatiques sans DK pouvaient etre surveilles en toute securite.
An Assessment Strategy for Rating Client/Server Satellite Network Performance in a Global Environment

This research tested and presents an alternative technique to communicate between a client and server system in a post 911 combat environment. In order to defend the United States against enemies foreign and domestic; it is crucial that combat forces are equipped with the best communication equipment available. 21 years technology experience in a military environment supports this research and contributes an ideology that could revolutionize the government communication process. The "mobile secure role base access control" (MS-Ro-BAC) approach, is a methodology designed to access secure global databases via wireless communication platforms (D.F. Ferraiolo et al.). This research involved the development of a open-source database, for wireless vs. wired access connectivity. Proprietary software programs determine the authenticity of the user through rigorous token information supplied by the client machine. Forty database access scenarios presented during day and night hours, compiled the system results, thus verifying the performance and throughput quality of this alternative methodology. After compiling the results of the experimental process, it was evident that the indium Satellite gateway was ineffective as a communication service to access the database in a global strategic environment. Future research attempts will test other global, mobile satellite communication techniques, based on the identical process illustrated in this manuscript
Eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2: an intercalation cathode host for low-cost Na-ion batteries

The mineral eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2, is characterized as a potential cathode for a Na-ion battery that is fabricated in charged state; its 3 V discharge versus sodium for reversible Na+ intercalation is shown to have a better capacity, but lower insertion rate than Li+ intercalation. The theoretical specific capacity for Na+ insertion is 99 mA h g−1. After 80 cycles at 0.1C versus a Na anode, the specific capacity was 78 mA h g−1 with a coulomb efficiency approaching 100%.
Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein oligomerization

Hantaviruses are enveloped, negative-strand RNA viruses which can be lethal to humans, causing either a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or a hantaviral pulmonary syndrome. The viral genomes consist of three RNA segments: the L segment encodes the viral polymerase, the M segment encodes the viral surface glycoproteins G1 and G2, and the S segment encodes the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The N protein is a 420- to 430-residue, 50-kDa protein which appears to direct hantavirus assembly, although mechanisms of N protein oligomerization, RNA encapsidation, budding, and release are poorly understood. We have undertaken a biochemical and genetic analysis of N protein oligomerization. Bacterially expressed N proteins were found by gradient fractionation to associate not only as large multimers or aggregates but also as dimers or trimers. Chemical cross-linking of hantavirus particles yielded N protein cross-link products with molecular masses of 140 to 150 kDa, consistent with the size of an N trimer. We also employed a genetic, yeast two-hybrid method for monitoring N protein interactions. Analyses showed that the C-terminal half of the N protein plus the N-terminal 40 residues permitted association with a full-length N protein fusion. These N-terminal 40 residues of seven different hantavirus strains were predicted to form trimeric coiled coils. Our results suggest that coiled-coil motifs contribute to N protein trimerization and that nucleocapsid protein trimers are hantavirus particle assembly intermediates.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Doped Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 for the Production of Hydrogen

The preparation and characterization of single-phase sintered ceramic materials based on Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 with oxides of Ti, Zn, Ce, Cr, Mn, and U/Fe as third-component additives are described. These materials were prepared for a process to produce high-purity hydrogen and were evaluated for this process via measurements of electrical conductivity, stability, and transport number. Compositions with oxides of Ce and Cr in Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 are shown to be the most promising candidates.
Interferometric correlation of infrared femtosecond pulses with two-photon conductivity in a silicon CCD

We present an experimental setup capable of performing a single-shot interferometric correlation of femtosecond pulses using two-photon conductivity in a standard silicon CCD camera. The method is demonstrated with 100-fs pulses at 1.4 µm.
Teen dating violence perpetration and relation to STI and sexual risk behaviours among adolescent males

Objectives To investigate teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration (physical, sexual or psychological violence) and association with STI and related sexual risk behaviours among urban male adolescents. Methods Adolescent male survey participants (N=134) were aged 14–20 years, recruited from urban health centres. Using crude and adjusted logistic regression, TDV perpetration was examined in relation to self-reported: STI, having sex with another person when they were only supposed to have sex with their main partner, and consistent condom use. Results Over one-third of males (45%) reported any TDV; 42% reported sexual violence perpetration, 13% reported perpetrating physical violence against a dating/sexual partner and 11% reported psychological violence, including threats of physical or sexual violence. Approximately 15% of males reported having ever had an STI, one quarter reported having sex with another person when they were only supposed to have sex with their main partner and 36% reported consistent condom use (past 3 months). In adjusted logistic regression models, TDV perpetration was significantly associated with self-reports of an STI (OR=3.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 9.2) and having sex with another person when they were supposed to be only having sex with their main partner (OR=4.8; 95% CI 2.0 to 11.4). There was no significant association between TDV perpetration and consistent condom use. Conclusions Current study findings are the first within the literature on adolescents to suggest that greater STI and sexual risk behaviours among male adolescents perpetrating TDV may be one mechanism explaining increased STI among female adolescents reporting TDV victimisation.
Design and Implementation of a Facility for Discovering New Scintillator Materials

We describe the design and operation of a high-throughput facility for synthesizing thousands of inorganic crystalline samples per year and evaluating them as potential scintillation detector materials. This facility includes a robotic dispenser, arrays of automated furnaces, a dual-beam X-ray generator for diffractometry and luminescence spectroscopy, a pulsed X-ray generator for time response measurements, computer-controlled sample changers, an optical spectrometer, and a network-accessible database management system that captures all synthesis and measurement data.
Spousal concordance in health behavior change.

Objective This study examines the degree to which a married individual's health habits and use of preventive medical care are influenced by his or her spouse's behaviors.
Performance of helical computed tomography in unselected outpatients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Results: 118 patients (39%) had pulmonary embolism. In 12 patients (4%), 2 of whom had pulmonary embolism, results of helical CT were inconclusive. For patients with conclusive results, sensitivity of helical CT was 70% (95% CI, 62% to 78%) and specificity was 91% (CI, 86% to 95%). Interobserver agreement was high (k 5 0.823 to 0.902). The false-negative rate was lower for helical CT used after initial negative results on ultrasonography than for helical CT alone (21% vs. 30%). Use of helical CT after normal results on initial ultrasonography and nondiagnostic results on lung scanning had a false-negative rate of only 5% and a false-positive rate of only 7%.
Shattering and Particle Interarrival Times Measured by Optical Array Probes in Ice Clouds

Abstract Optical array probes are one of the most important tools for determining the microphysical structure of clouds. It has been known for some time that the shattering of ice crystals on the housing of these probes can lead to incorrect measurements of particle size distributions and subsequently derived microphysical properties if the resulting spurious particles are not rejected. In this paper it is shown that the interarrival times of particles measured by these probes can be bimodal—the “cloud” probes are more affected than the “precipitation” probes. The long interarrival time mode represents real cloud structure while the short interarrival time mode results from fragments of shattered ice particles. It is demonstrated for the flights considered here that if the fragmented particles are filtered using an interarrival time threshold of 2 × 10−4 s in three of the four cases and 1 × 10−5 s in the other, then the measured total concentration can be affected by up to a factor of 4 in situations wher...
A 1119-year tree-ring-width chronology from western Prince William Sound, southern Alaska

Living and subfossil trees from glacier forefields are used to develop a 1119-year-long tree-ringwidth chronology. Strong cross-dating among ring-width series from sites up to 60 km apart and an analysis of sample homogeneity support combination of all samples into a single, regional composite chronology. Comparison with instrumental climate data indicates May through July temperatures of the growth year are the primary control on ring-widths. Multidecadal-length warm periods in western Prince William Sound during the past 800 years were centred on AD 1300, 1440 and possibly 1820. Multidecadal-length cool periods were centred on AD 1400, 1660 and 1870. This is the first tree-ring chronology from the Gulf of Alaska region to extend into the first millennium AD.
Multiple access interference and interferometric noise suppression using dispersion imbalanced loop mirror in optical CDMA networks

A highly Ge-doped nonlinear fiber based dispersion imbalanced loop mirror is used to suppress MAI and IN in an optical CDMA network, thus improving the power penalty by 7dB and enhancing the network's scalability.
A Bigger Artery Is Not Better : Predicting Coronary Plaque Rupture∗

More than two-thirds of cases of acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac deaths are due to plaque rupture [(1–3)][1]. Subclinical and repeated plaque ruptures followed by healing cause plaque progression [(4)][2]. What predisposes certain fibroatheroma lesions to rupture and others to remain
Turbulence structure resulting from a perpendicular airfoil-vortex interaction

The perpendicular interaction of a streamwise vortex with an airfoil was studied in incompressible flow to provide useful information regarding the accurate prediction of helicopter rotor noise by analyzing some of the fundamental fluid dynamics associated with the interaction. Three-component velocity and turbulence measurements were made using a sub-miniature four sensor hot-wire probe. The airfoil sheds negative vorticity into its wake due to the angle of attack variation along its span induced by the passing vortex. Instability in the vortex core results from its interaction with this negative vorticity region causing a dramatic magnification of the scale and intensity of the turbulent flowfield as well as a fundamental change in the turbulence structure of the vortex core evidenced by velocity autospectra measured there. (Author)
Chronologic and paleobathymetric framework for basin analysis of the Gulf of Mexico slope; introduction to integrated Neogene biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy

The Eureka coreholes were drilled on the northern slope of the Gulf of Mexico between 1965 and 1968 by a consortium of domestic oil companies with Shell Oil Company as the operator. Governmental regulations at the time restricted drilling to water depths in excess of 650' (-215m) and sediment penetration to less than 1000' (300+m); nevertheless the Eureka coreholes have come to serve as the first (and still primary) source of continuously cored stratigraphic sections on the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico. Surprisingly, despite their value as a prime source of information on the biostratigraphy of this region, only a few studies have been published in the intervening three decades (see Aubry, this volume).
The Latencies of Several Component Parts of the Labellar Response of the Mosquito Culiseta inornata

The labellar response of the mosquito Culiseta inornata (Williston) consists of initiation of spike activity in the labellar chemosensory hairs by the application of an adequate stimulus, conduction of these impulses to the CNS, integration by the CNS with initiation of efferent spike activity, and finally development of muscle action potentials and muscle tension to open the labellar lobes. The overall time for the labellar response was 39 msec. Chemoreceptor latency was 5–10 msec, total combined afferent and efferent conduction time was 17 msec and finally, the time required for integration was 12–17 msec.
Status and Prospect of the Research on the Breeding of Hybrid Rice in Fujian Province

According to relevant literature,it was counted that the information of 184 hybrid rice varieties which had been registered in Fujian Province from 1991 to 2010.The achievements of hybrid rice breeding of Fujian Province in recent 20 years were reviewed.The parents of 184 registered hybrid rice varieties were analyzed in this paper.Results showed that these varieties were mainly bred by scientific and technical personnel of Fujian Province,making up 85.87% of the total.The utilization of male sterile lines in the breeding of hybrid rice was relatively simple during the 8th and 9th "Five-Year Plan".But,more male sterile lines were used during the 10th and 11th "Five-Year Plan",such as "Ⅱ-32A","LongtepuA","Zhenshan97A","Gang46A","D62A" and "SE21S".Higher frequency applications restorer lines had "Shuhui527","Minghui86","Minghui63","Fuhui673" and "Minhui3301" from 1991 to 2010.However,the disadvantages of hybrid rice breeding in Fujian were fewer of varieties which possessed high quality or good comprehensive characters of high yield,resistant and quality,and lack of varieties which possessed resistance to multiple pests and diseases,and suitability of simplified cultivation.Based on the above analysis,the strategy of hybrid rice breeding was proposed in this paper.
Utilizing the Power of Fat Grafting to Obtain a Naturally-Appearing Muscular “6-Pack” Abdomen

Liposuction of the male abdomen can be a very challenging. If undertreated, any of several techniques can leave a less than satisfying result showing little if any improvement. With more aggressive generalized suction of the area, the patient can be left with irregularities, loose residual lower, and excess infraumbilical soft tissue and skin. In the modern age of fitness, we find that patients are increasingly interested in a fitter, more sculpted look with greater definition to the abdominal musculature. Currently we are experiencing a “golden age” of plastic surgery body contouring with new innovations by thought leaders, including fat grafting, which are completely raising the bar of postoperative results that can now be delivered to the patients in terms of appearing youthful and sculpted yet natural.1 Previous techniques involving abdominal contour including selective fat reduction or “sculpting” have been limited in terms of inability to achieve muscular appearance in patients with very little muscular bulk to the rectus abdominis.2,3 Furthermore, abdominal muscle enhancement with silicone has been equally disappointing due visible incisions, an unnatural appearance, technical difficultly, lack of implant availability, and increased infection rate. Here we present the senior author's (D.S.S) technique for achieving superior results in abdominal contouring using selective lipo-contouring with fat grafting. The technique may be used with general anesthesia, local anesthesia with sedation, or simply local anesthesia. All markings are done with the patient standing prior to any sedative administration. Anatomic asymmetry is noted. The patient is brought in the operating room placed in the supine position after circumferential betadine prep. Stab incisions are made after injection of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and tumescent solution (0.9% saline with lidocaine 0.1% and epinephrine 1:1,100,000) is introduced into the areas to be suctioned. Three stab incisions are made in the underwear line to …
Phenomenology of Abnormal Grain Growth in Systems with Nonuniform Grain Boundary Mobility

We have investigated the potential for nonuniform grain boundary mobility to act as a persistence mechanism for abnormal grain growth (AGG) using Monte Carlo Potts model simulations. The model system consists of a single initially large candidate grain embedded in a matrix of equiaxed grains, corresponding to the abnormal growth regime before impingement occurs. We assign a mobility advantage to grain boundaries between the candidate grain and a randomly selected subset of the matrix grains. We observe AGG in systems with physically reasonable fractions of fast boundaries; the probability of abnormal growth increases as the density of fast boundaries increases. This abnormal growth occurs by a series of fast, localized growth events that counteract the tendency of abnormally large grains to grow more slowly than the surrounding matrix grains. Resulting abnormal grains are morphologically similar to experimentally observed abnormal grains.
Contesting nationalist constructions of Iranian identity

(1998). Contesting nationalist constructions of Iranian identity. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 43-55.
Learning Sequences: An Efficient Data Structure for Learning Spaces

Learning spaces form the basis of a combinatorial theory of the possible states of knowledge of a human learner that has been successfully deployed in computerized assessment and learning systems such as ALEKS (Falmagne and Doignon, 2011). Until recently, however, both the computational efficiency of these systems and their ability to accurately assess the knowledge of their users have been hampered by a mismatch between theory and practice: they used a simplified version of learning space theory based on partially ordered sets and quasi-ordinal spaces, leading both to computational inefficiencies and to inaccurate assessments. In this chapter we present more recent developments in algorithms and data structures that have allowed learning systems to use the full theory of learning spaces. Our methods are based on learning sequences, sequences of steps through which a student, starting with no knowledge, could learn all the concepts in the space. We show how to define learning spaces by their learning sequences and how to use learning sequences to efficiently perform the steps of an assessment algorithm
Genetics of Schizophrenia: Historical Insights and Prevailing Evidence.

Abstract Schizophrenia's (SZ's) heritability and familial transmission have been known for several decades; however, despite the clear evidence for a genetic component, it has been very difficult to pinpoint specific causative genes. Even so genetic studies have taught us a lot, even in the pregenomic era, about the molecular underpinnings and disease-relevant pathways. Recurring themes emerged revealing the involvement of neurodevelopmental processes, glutamate regulation, and immune system differential activation in SZ etiology. The recent emergence of epigenetic studies aimed at shedding light on the biological mechanisms underlying SZ has provided another layer of information in the investigation of gene and environment interactions. However, this epigenetic insight also brings forth another layer of complexity to the (epi)genomic landscape such as interactions between genetic variants, epigenetic marks—including cross-talk between DNA methylation and histone modification processes—, gene expression regulation, and environmental influences. In this review, we seek to synthesize perspectives, including limitations and obstacles yet to overcome, from genetic and epigenetic literature on SZ through a qualitative review of risk factors and prevailing hypotheses. Encouraged by the findings of both genetic and epigenetic studies to date, as well as the continued development of new technologies to collect and interpret large-scale studies, we are left with a positive outlook for the future of elucidating the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying SZ and other complex neuropsychiatric disorders.
Application of decision support systems in scheduling/planning of manufacturing/service systems: a critical review

A review of decision support systems' (DSS) history, evolution, taxonomy, and application in the planning/scheduling of manufacturing/service systems is presented. Different research conducted is categorised based on the DSS type applied - as well as the domain of the subject - and their limitations are explored. The investigation in literature indicates that although a considerable theoretical and practical advancement has been achieved in DSSs, in most of the research the applicability of the DSSs proposed remains an open question. Additionally, the integration of DSSs - which is an important issue in terms of proposing a comprehensive solution for manufacturing/service systems - has not been addressed in most of the DSSs reviewed.
Racial Disparities in Above-knee Amputations After TKA: A National Database Study.

Above-knee amputation (AKA) is a rare but devastating complication of TKA. Although racial disparities have been previously reported in the utilization of TKA, it is unclear whether disparities exist in the rates of AKA after TKA. (1) Which gender-racial group has the highest rate of AKA from septic and aseptic complications of TKA? (2) Which age groups have higher rates of AKA from septic and aseptic complications of TKA? Using National Inpatient Sample data from 2000 to 2011, AKAs resulting from complications of TKA were identified using a combination of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision procedure and diagnosis codes. Of the 341,954 AKAs identified, 9733 AKAs were the result of complications of TKA (septic complications = 8104, aseptic complications = 1629). Standardized AKA rates were calculated for different age and gender- racial groups by dividing the number of AKAs in each group with the corresponding number of TKAs. Standardized rate ratios were calculated after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, black men had the highest rate of AKA after TKA (adjusted rate in black men = 578 AKAs per 100,000 TKAs, standardized rate ratio [SRR] = 4.32 [confidence interval {CI}, 3.87–4.82], p < 0.001). Black men also had the highest rate of AKA after septic complications of TKA (p < 0.001). The adjusted rates of AKA were higher in patients younger than 50 years (adjusted rate = 473, SRR = 3.14 [CI, 2.94–3.36], p < 0.001) and older than 80 years (adjusted rate = 297, SRR = 1.85 [CI, 1.76–1.95], p < 0.001). The rising demand for TKA has led to an increase in the number of AKAs performed for complications of TKA in the United States. Although we did not find an increase in the rate of AKA during the study period, certain populations, including black men and patients older than 80 years and younger than 50 years, had higher rates of AKA. Further studies are required to understand the reasons for these disparities and measures should be undertaken to eliminate these disparities. Level III, therapeutic study.
Metastability of Pulse Power Loads Using the Hamiltonian Surface Shaping Method

Pulse loads on an electric ship are becoming more prevalent as ship component technologies move to more electric power. However, these pulse loads, such as electromagnetic aircraft launch systems, rail guns, lasers, and radar all can have a destabilizing effect on the ships power distribution network. Typically these types of loads are modeled as constant power and are analyzed for stability with small-signal models and techniques. However, small-signal methods are insufficient for pulse power load stability. This paper will present a brief overview of small-signal methods. Then a large signal metastable analysis method based on a Hamiltonian surface shaping and power flow control methodology based on the average-mode model of dc–dc converters will be presented. The results show that the nonlinear time-variant load pulses create nonlinear limit cycles and dynamics. The stability of the limit cycles can be assessed through a comparison of the power generated versus power dissipated in the system. Simulation, hardware-in-the-loop, and hardware experimental results will be presented.
Novel therapeutic approaches for disease-modification of epileptogenesis for curing epilepsy

This article describes the recent advances in epileptogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention of epilepsy, with a special emphasis on the pharmacological basis of disease-modification of epileptogenesis for curing epilepsy. Here we assess animal studies and human clinical trials of epilepsy spanning 1982-2016. Epilepsy arises from a number of neuronal factors that trigger epileptogenesis, which is the process by which a brain shifts from a normal physiologic state to an epileptic condition. The events precipitating these changes can be of diverse origin, including traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular damage, infections, chemical neurotoxicity, and emergency seizure conditions such as status epilepticus. Expectedly, the molecular and system mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis are not well defined or understood. To date, there is no approved therapy for the prevention of epilepsy. Epigenetic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration appear to trigger epileptogenesis. Targeted drugs are being identified that can truly prevent the development of epilepsy in at-risk people. The promising agents include rapamycin, COX-2 inhibitors, TRK inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, JAK-STAT inhibitors, and neurosteroids. Recent evidence suggests that neurosteroids may play a role in modulating epileptogenesis. A number of promising drugs are under investigation for the prevention or modification of epileptogenesis to halt the development of epilepsy. Some drugs in development appear rational for preventing epilepsy because they target the initial trigger or related signaling pathways as the brain becomes progressively more prone to seizures. Additional research into the target validity and clinical investigation is essential to make new frontiers in curing epilepsy.