cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide gene expression profiling in GluR1 knockout mice: key role of the calcium signaling pathway in glutamatergically mediated hippocampal transmission.

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors convey fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and mediate various forms of hippocampal plasticity. Disruption of glutamate receptor type 1 (GluR1), a member of the AMPA receptor family, causes synaptic alterations and learning/memory deficits in mice. To gain mechanistic insight into the synaptic and behavioral changes associated with GluR1 deletion, hippocampal genome-wide expression profiling was conducted using groups of GluR1 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates. Regulation of 38 genes was found to be altered more than 30% (p < 0.01, n=8) and seven of these genes were studied with additional quantitative experiments. A large portion of the altered genes encoded molecules involved in calcium signaling, including calcium channel components, calcium binding proteins, and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II subunit. At the protein level, we further evaluated some genes in the calcium pathway that were altered in GluR1 KO mice. Protein levels of two key molecules in the calcium pathway—glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR)-1 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A), showed similar changes to those observed in mRNA levels. These findings raise the possibility that calcium signaling and other plasticity molecules may contribute to the hippocampal plasticity and behavioral deficits observed in GluR1 KO mice.
SOCIAL INTERESTS AND FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS AMONG ELDERLY PERSONS

The 1780 census estimates indicate that 15% of elderly persons suffer from depression and that the suicide rate for those 55 yr. of age or older (18.5 per 100,000) is almost a third higher than that for the general public (12.6 per 100,000). In addition, 16% of nursing home residents age 65 yr. or older have a primary diagnosis of mental illness or senility ( 5 ) . Society and the helping professions cannot eschew that part of the human experience at the end of life; the initial step must be to expand our understanding of the psychological aspects of aging. Current investigations suggest the powerful adaptational consequences of older adults who remain active and involved with others throughout life (3). The Social Interest Scale (I) and the Geriatric Hopelessness Scale (2) were orally administered to 30 nursing home resident volunteers (age range, 65 yr. to 88 yr.; M age = 74.6 yr.; 30 women, 8 men) to determine the relationship between social interest and feelings of hopelessness. The participants had lived at the facility an average of 34.2 mo., and although some required the use of a wheelchair, none were completely disabled. All participants were Caucasian and, according to the administrative staff, none were considered to be mentally impaired. Using the product-moment coefficient, a Pearson correlation of -.58 was obtained between scores on the two measures (M = 6.7, SD = 4.4, Range = 0-30 on the Geriatric Hopelessness Scale. M = 11.2, SD = 2.3, Range = 1-5 on the Social Interest Scale). This correlation suggests, although modestly, that increased social interest (e.g., concern for the welfare of others) lessens feelings of depression and hopelessness. Using the Geriatric Hopelessness Scale, counselors mighr explore more specifically how elderly clients perceive the world. Perhaps as Palmore (4) has suggested, in gerontological counseling for depression, the key focus should be on hopelessness associated with loneliness and isolation during old age.
Pulmonary function adaptation to ozone in subjects with chronic bronchitis.

Twenty smokers with chronic bronchitis were exposed to 0.41 ppm ozone for 3 hr-day for 5 consecutive days and reexposed 4 days later to determine (1) if they are sensitive to ozone, (2) if they adapt, and (3) if the adaptation lasts longer than 4 days. There were significant decrements in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 3 sec (FEV/sub 3/) on the first day of the 5-day repeated exposures and also on reexposure 4 days following cessation of the sequential exposures. Symptoms experienced were mild and did not predominate on any exposure days. These results suggest that individuals with chronic bronchitis adapt rapidly to ozone and lose this adaptive phenomenon within 4 days. The small decreases seen in FVC and FEV/sub 3/ ( less than or equal to 3%) appear to impose no more than minimal limitations on their daily activities.
Life/Style Online© a web-based methodology for visually-oriented consumer research

Abstract This paper describes a web-based data collection technique called Life/Style OnLine© that is suitable for a broad variety of consumer research applications. Unlike the majority of online research techniques now in use, respondents provide rapid-response feedback to stimuli presented primarily on the visual rather than the verbal channel. Following a brief review of current web-based research methods, we provide some details regarding the Life/Style OnLine© methodology, describe some alternative applications of its core functionalities, and explore the ramifications of this and similar web-based technologies for consumer research and marketing practice.
Changes in business-as-usual forecasts in a petroleum trade model☆

Abstract This paper studies the changes in petroleum trade forecasts that were made in 1986 and in 1987 for 1990 business-as-usual conditions. The forecasts were from a large econometric-linear programming formulation that models crude oil trade between producing and refining regions in the world. The results confirm that not only do oil price forecasts change dramatically from year to year, but that sizeable changes in the forecasted geographical distributions of supply, demand, and trade should also be expected. For planning and policy analysis, it is important to consider this uncertainty in anticipated business-as-usual conditions.
Distribution of 3H-dihydroalprenolol and 3H-dihydroergocryptine in tissues of rat and frog

1. The distributions of radioactive dihydroalprenolol (DHA), a β-adrenergic antagonist and dihydroergocryptine (DHE), an σ-adrenergic antagonist, were determined in vivo in the rat and the frog. 2. The frog retained much more of the administered dose of both DHA and DHE than the rat but in both species the accumulation of DHA and DHE in the liver exceeded that in all other tissues. 3. In rat brain and frog liver more DHA was membrane-bound compared to DHE in contrast to most tissues in the rat and frog where more DHE was membrane-bound compared to DHA. Negligible amounts of DHA in rat intestine and DHE in frog kidney were membrane-bound. 4. In rat brain the incorporation of DHA was 6-fold greater than DHE whereas in frog brain the incorporation of DHE was 5-fold greater than DHA. 5. Rat liver and frog liver had the capacity to convert DHA and DHE to other products.
Pehr Kalm: A Swedish Naturalist's Geological Observations in North America, 1748-1751

Pehr Kalm served as Carolus Linnaeus' eyes and ears in the New World (the American Colonies and French Canada) for three years in the mid 18th Century. Kalm was one of the first of many disciples to serve his mentor in his quest to classify everything animal, vegetable, and mineral for his all-encompassing inventory catalog, Systema Naturae. Kalm reported everything he encountered on his journey (resa) to North America in diary form similar to Linnaeus' accounting for his journeys, and he was every bit as keen an observer. His understanding of natural science (i.e. geology) was limited, but his observations on the subject, among the first in North America, were interesting, concise, and relatively detailed for the time.
Purification of antibacterial compounds from calf liver.

SummaryAn antimicrobial substance has been purified from normal calf's liver. Activity is directed primarily against gram-negative bacteria, particularly Bordetella bronchiseptica, the test organism used in these studies. Peptides rich in glutamic acid appear to be responsible and probably account for the fact that activity is augmented as the pH is lowered.
Extraction of Features From LIDAR Waveform Data for Characterizing Forest Structure

Determination of structural characteristics of forests at large scales is an important problem in both scientific studies and development of management practices. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) waveform data have been demonstrated to be valuable for estimating forest structural parameters even in dense forests, although challenges inherent to the LIDAR acquisition systems must be addressed. A new approach for processing LIDAR waveform data to estimate forest structural parameters is proposed. It was applied to Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor waveform data acquired over old-growth tropical forest in the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Linear and nonlinear feature extraction methods were utilized to derive a lower dimensional feature space from high-dimensional LIDAR waveform data. The resulting features were used to estimate mean canopy heights through multiple linear regression analysis. Experimental results obtained by the new approach were statistically comparable to estimates obtained using features extracted via traditional waveform analysis, and the proposed approach successfully discovered another meaningful lower dimensional feature space without manual interpretation.
Luminescence studies of rhenium(I) complexes under high pressure

Abstract The effect of pressure on the luminescence energy and efficiency of Re(I) complexes has been studied in four media: in quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QPVP), dissolved in poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP), dissolved in poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and as the crystalline solid. The peak shifts with pressure correlated excellently with the intensity changes which provides a confirmation of the energy gap law. This has previously been observed for bonding—antibonding excitations in aromatic compounds and metal chelates. However in this case a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excitation is involved and this is the first clear demonstration of the energy gap law for such excitation under high pressure.
Wreath groups symmetry of crystals with structural distortions

A new class of groups is defined for describing the symmetry of atom arrangements in crystals with structural distortions. The general structure of these new groups, which we name wreath groups, is determined in a mathematically rigorous manner. Wreath groups are particularly suitable for describing atom arrangements in crystals with periodic structural distortions. The effect of such wreath-group symmetry on x-ray-diffraction patterns is briefly discussed. A new Bloch theorem, based on wreath-group symmetry, is formulated for crystals with structural distortions. This new Bloch theorem is applied to determine the form and corresponding charge density of one-electron eigenfunctions in the nearly-free-electron approximation for crystals with periodic structural distortions.
Point Defects in CdZnTe Crystals Grown by Different Techniques

We studied, by current deep-level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS), point defects in CdZnTe detectors grown by different techniques. We identified 12 different traps with energy levels from 7 meV to 1.1 eV. Although the levels of most of the identified defects were independent of the crystal growth techniques, nevertheless there were some associated differences in the traps’ energies and densities.
Unravelling protein sorting

Protein sorting to distinct plasma membrane domains in polarized epithelial cells is thought to occur in the Golgi complex, and to be mediated in part by lipid rafts. Now, analysis of protein trafficking in live cells has revealed unexpected sorting pathways that raise new questions about the specificity and sites of action of sorting mechanisms.
An efficient method for determining zeolite vertex symbols

We present an efficient method for computing the topological vertex symbols of zeolite frameworks. The algorithm gets its efficiency by dividing the problem into a sequence of quickly executed breadth-first searches. For small rings (fewer than eight vertices), we find there is no speed gain compared with a distance table approach, both methods executing quickly. The main benefits occur for large rings, or when no ring exists, a situation that forces a fruitless search over the full model domain. In this situation, our method is typically 60 times faster.
Unified Interactions of Leptons and Hadrons

Abstract It is suggested that a unifying description of leptons and hadrons can be obtained within a nonabelian gauge theory where the gauge group is a symmetry group of a set of massless elementary fermions (leptons, quarks). We investigate the consequences of such an approach for the strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions. We study both gauge theories with and without fermion number conservation, e.g., theories based on the groups SU n × SU n ( n = 8, 12, 16) and SO n ( n = 10, 14).
Abstract 4578: Nonclinical safety assessment of VX15/2503: A humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody to sema4D

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL VX15/2503 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds with approximately 3 nM affinity to Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100). SEMA4D is an important mediator of axonal growth cone guidance, vascular development, angiogenesis, and T cell and B cell activation. SEMA4D is found predominantly as a 150 kDa transmembrane protein on lymphocytes and as a 240 kDa, homodimeric, soluble form of the protein. VX15/2503 or its murine progenitor (MAb 67-2) suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis in syngeneic, xenograft and transgenic tumor models. Toxicology and pharmacology studies of VX15/2503 were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats and cynomolgus macaques using single or five weekly intravenous injections. Toxicology profiles were similar for both species in both studies. Single dose studies employed doses of between 0.01 and 100 mg/kg; repeat dose studies evaluated 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg. No adverse histopathologic or clinical effects were noted in either species injected with doses up to 100 mg/kg. Appetence, body weights, serum chemistry and ophthalmologic factors were also unaffected, as were primate ECG results. Thus the NOAEL was established at 100 mg/kg for both species. Partial to complete T cell associated SEMA4D saturation was observed in all animals across the dose ranges evaluated and SEMA4D saturation was dose dependent. Single dose animals that reached a VX15/2503 serum concentration of ≥2 µg/mL exhibited transient complete T cell saturation. Prolonged saturation occurred at the 100 mg/kg dose level. Repeat dose animals in the 100 mg/kg dose group were on average at least 20% saturated for 134 and 169 days in rats and cynomolgus macaques, respectively. Single dose VX15/2503 half-life values increased with dose and varied from 27 to 246 hours in rats; similar results were obtained from the primate single dose study. Repeat dose Cmax and AUC (exposure) values were higher in both species than those from the single dose studies and steady-state was achieved after the fourth dose. Anti-VX15/2503 responses were detected in the sera of most animals in both studies. Human tissue arrays incubated with VX15/2503 showed diverse distribution of SEMA4D on resident or itinerant lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues as well as in sections of brain, lung and endometrium. Based on these results VX15/2503 was selected for clinical development in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4578. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4578
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for social phobia in Parkinson's disease: A single-case study.

Individuals with Parkinson's disease often exhibit symptoms of social anxiety. However, they rarely meet criteria for social phobia due to the medical exclusion criteria of DSM-IV. The present study reports the case of a 60-year-old male with Parkinson's disease who also met criteria for social phobia. After receiving 12 weekly cognitive-behavioral group sessions for social phobia, clinician ratings and self-report measures at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up showed a significant short-term and long-term reduction of his social anxiety. These findings suggest that cognitive-behavior therapy can be an effective treatment for social anxiety, even if these symptoms are related to Parkinson's disease.
The Influence of Information Arrival on Market Microstructure: Evidence from Three Related Markets

This study examines the influence of information arrival on market microstructure for the MMI, NYSE, and S&P 500 stock index futures markets, with special emphasis on the effects of opening and closing of trading and expiration of contracts on price movements and trading activities. The results of the examination show that although the opening of the (MMI) futures market is associated with higher volatility, it is when the spot market opens that volatility reaches its highest level. Similarly, the closing of the futures markets, though more volatile, is not as volatile as the closing of the spot markets. Trading patterns, on the other hand, are distinct from volatility. For MMI, trading declines consistently after the close of the spot market. In contrast, the NYSE and S&P 500 continue to trade and reach a peak at the close of the futures markets. Expiration effects are evidenced by the increase in volatility and trading near the closing of the MMI and the spillover to the NYSE and S&P 500. In sharp contrast, the expirations of the NYSE and S&P 500 are only assooiated with decrease in trading, suggesting that efforts to dampen volatility by changing expiration days from Friday to Thursday and shifting settlement price from Friday close to Friday open, have been successful.
Anatomical and functional choroidal lobuli

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the controversy between anatomists and clinicians regarding the choroidal angioarchitecture. Vascular casts from 36 human and 10 Rhesus monkey eyes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both the human and monkey choriocapillaris (CC) are non-homogenous structures. They have patterns which change from the peripapillary to peripheral areas. Anatomically, the ‘lobular’ appearance of the CC exists only in part of the posterior pole. One or more collecting venules were found in the center of 86% of the anatomical lobules, while a central feeding arteriole was observed in 14%. Both major and minor feeding arterioles supply the CC areas which may be recognized as the choroidal functional vascular unit (CFVU) or functional lobule described in the past by Hayreh. Our vascular casts and SEM study show that the choroidal anatomical lobuli are not identical with those observed by angiographical study. Thus, two distinct models of choroidal lobuli, anatomical and functional, should be recognized. The CFVU seen on fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographies as a lobular appearance is most likely caused by the pressure gradient of the blood flow.
An assignment-sequencing methodology for scheduling assembly and test operations with multi-pass requirements

This article presents a three-phase methodology for scheduling assembly and test operations for semiconductor devices. The facility in which these operations are performed is a re-entrant flow shop consisting of several dozen to several hundred machines and up to a 1000 specialized tools. The semiconductor devices are contained in lots, and each lot follows a specific route through the facility, perhaps returning to the same machine multiple times. Each step in the route is referred to as a “pass.” In the first phase of the methodology an extended assignment model is solved to simultaneously assign tooling and lots to the machines. Four prioritized objectives are considered: minimize the weighted sum of key device shortages, maximize the weighted sum of lots processed, minimize the number of machines used, and minimize the makespan. In the second phase, lots are optimally sequenced on their assigned machines using the same prioritized objectives. Due to the precedent relations induced by the pass requirem...
Three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography of bones and joints.

We present for the first time full three-dimensional (3D) volumetric reconstruction of absorption images of in vitro and in vivo bones and joints from near-infrared tomographic measurements. Im- aging experiments were conducted on human finger and chicken bones embedded in cylindrical scattering media using a Clemson multichannel diffuse optical imager. The volumetric optical images were recovered with our 3D finite element based reconstruction algo- rithm. Our results show that 3D imaging methods can provide details of the joint structure/composition that would be impossible from two- dimensional imaging methods. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Effectiveness of a condensed protocol for disclosing APOE genotype and providing risk education for Alzheimer disease.

Effectiveness of a condensed protocol for disclosing APOE genotype and providing risk education for Alzheimer disease
The functions of past tenses: Greek, Latin, Italian, French

Abstract Latin grammarians describing their language (or laying down rules for the proper use of it) owe much to their Greek predecessors, notably Dionysius Thrax (c. 170-90 B.C.), whose rules they sought to replicate and whose terminology they translated. But since Latin is different in structure from Greek, and since in particular it does not have the same number of past tenses as Greek, the syntax of its tenses is not congruent with that of Greek either. And if the names of Greek tenses indicated in some measure, however awkwardly, their function, translation of these names into Latin could not but be misleading. Since also modern grammarians often base themselves on this Graeco-Roman grammatical tradition, the rules for the use of tenses and the names they devised in imitation of that tradition are less than satisfactory and at times confusing, whether they pertain to the temporal or the so-called aspectual function of the past tenses. It is argued that language in general, and tenses in particular, do not always or necessarily present faithfully the physical reality but rather re-present it, filtered, as it were, through the speaker. In this manner, the use of one or the other past tense evokes that perception of the action expressed by the verb which the speaker wants the hearer to receive. It follows that the same reality can be stated by, say, either the “imperfect” or the “past” (simple or compound) in Italian or French, depending on whether the speaker wishes to have the hearer contemplate what goes on as a picture (though movement may be involved), or whether he wants to report to the speaker the occurrence of an event, or of a series of events. In the first case, the verb answers the question — posed or implied — “What was the state? What were the circumstances?”; in the second, the question is “What happened? What happened next?”.
Microelectrode study of gallium deposition from Chlorogallate melts

Microelectrodes are used to extract thermodynamic, transport, and kinetic data for the gallium trichloride/1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride room-temperature molten salt that has been used by the authors to form GaAs thin films. The gallium electrodeposition process, which must be understood for the analysis of the GaAs deposition process, is simulated numerically. A plausible gallium deposition mechanism is identified. Microcylinder electrodes are shown to be advantageous for the acquisition of physicochemical constants. Microdisk electrodes are employed to investigate current oscillation phenomena that appear to be related to metal crystallization processes.
Myocardial ultrastructure following prolonged in vitro preservation and heterotopic cardiac transplantation.

Abstract Myocardial ultrastructure, using semiquantitative electron microscopy, was compared between two different means of prolonged, in vitro myocardial preservation followed by successful canine, cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation: (1) 3-hr preservation in 4°C, 158 m M NaCl, (2) 24 hr continuous, low-pressure, nonpulsatile, modified Krebs solution with pretreatment of the donor with Diltiazem (1 mg/kg). All grafts in both groups resumed spontaneous beating after heterotopic allotransplantation and defibrillation. Twenty-four-hour preservation resulted in minimal ultrastructural changes with only mild lightening of the mitochondrial matrix and slight cristae damage. Similar findings were observed 24 hr post-transplantation. In contrast, 3-hr, 4°C, NaCl preservation resulted in focal zones of hypercontraction, clearing of the mitochondrial matrix and cristae damage, and an increase in intracellular lipid deposition which persisted after 24 hr post-transplantation. It is concluded that the continuous perfusion technique may better preserve cellular integrity than current standard preservation modalities in spite of an eightfold increase in total ischemic time.
Determination using liquid-chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy of ethinylestradiol serum pharmacokinetics in adult Sprague–Dawley rats

The pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol (EE2), a potent synthetic estrogen, was investigated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as part of a series of endocrine-active compounds, including genistein and nonylphenol. A method based on solid-phase extraction and LC with negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometric detection was developed and validated. The limit of detection in untreated rat serum was below 0.01 ng/ml (0.03 nM), the limit of quantification was 0.03 ng/ml (0.10 nM), the intra- and inter-day precision was 2-9%, and the intra- and inter-day accuracy was 89-94%. This method was used to determine the serum pharmacokinetics of EE2 in rats following oral gavage administration of 1 mg/kg body weight. EE2 was present in serum primarily in the unconjugated form at concentrations below 0.5 ng/ml. The maximal serum concentration was proportional to dose over the range of 0.04-0.5 mg/kg body weight and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using model-independent analysis. Significant sex differences were observed for elimination half-times and volumes of distribution, but not for total serum clearance or maximal concentrations. The pharmacokinetic analysis of EE2 will be useful for comparing the toxicological effects of EE2 to those of other environmental estrogens in related rodent endocrine disruptor studies.
Computational complexity of the problem of tree generation under fine-grained access control policies

We consider the problem of deciding whether a fine-grained access control policy for tree updates allows a particular document to be constructed. This problem arises from a number of natural questions related to document security, authenticity, and verifiability. Fine-grained access control is the problem of specifying the set of operations that may be performed on a complex structure. For tree-structured databases and documents, particularly XML, a rule-based approach is most common. In this model, access control policies consist of rules that select the allowed or disallowed targets of queries or updates based on their hierarchical relationships to other nodes.We show that, for a typical form of rule-based fine-grained access control policies based on a simple fragment of XPath, this problem is undecidable. We also prove lower bounds on the complexity of various restrictions of this problem, and demonstrate deterministic and nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithms for two restrictions in particular.These results show that, for sufficiently complex access control languages, certain forms of analysis are very difficult or even impossible, limiting the ability to verify documents, audit existing policies, and evaluate new policies. Thus rule-based access control policies based on XPath are, in some sense, too powerful, demonstrating the need for a model of access control of tree updates that bridges the gap between expressive and analyzable policies.
Auditory Evoked Responses in Normal Hearing Adults and Children Before and During Sedation.

Averaged evoked responses (AER) to auditory stimuli presented to young children and adults were compared between awake and induced sleep conditions. Eight adults and twenty preschool children with ...
Modeling Role Enactment : Linking Role Theory and Social Cognition

In our dynamic social world, a premium is placed on the individual's ability to innovate and to change (Giddens 1984; Sewell 1992; Simmel 1955). Yet traditional role theory has difficulty accounting for innovation, leaving unanswered the question of how individual level negotiations affect social-structural processes (see Callero 1994). This study addresses this tension by linking role theory with social cognition. By positioning behavior and cognition as two interrelated continuums, I stretch the meaning of role enactment to include 4 role typologies. I utilize these typologies as a heuristic to chart the processes through which individuals adapt to and affect a role performance over time. I conclude by outlining how sociocognitive role typologies aid social researchers in accounting for individual efficacy in response to social-structural situations.
Confidence range estimate of extended-source imagery acquisition algorithms via computer simulations

Spatial acquisition using the sun-lit Earth as a beacon source provides several advantages over active beacon-based systems for deep-space optical communication systems. However, since the angular extend of the Earth image is large compared to the laser beam divergence, the acquisition subsystem must be capable of resolving the image to derive the proper pointing orientation. The algorithms used must be capable of deducing the receiver location given the blurring introduced by the imaging optics and the large Earth albedo fluctuation. Furthermore, because of the complexity of modelling the Earth and the tracking algorithms, an accurate estimate of the algorithm accuracy can only be made via simulation using realistic Earth images. An image simulator was constructed for this purpose, and the results of the simulation runs are reported.
Jean Briggs's Never in Anger as an Ethnography of Experience

L'etude du livre de Jean Briggs,« Never in Anger »- portrait d'une famille d'eskimo Utku -, montre que le style de la narration, du roman peut etre employe en ethnologie meme s'il a ete critique. Emotions, experiences personnelles et sentiments complexes permettent d'approcher la population et de la comprendre.
Improving Graphene Diffusion Barriers via Stacking Multiple Layers and Grain Size Engineering

It is shown that the performance of graphene diffusion barriers can be enhanced by stacking multiple layers of graphene and increasing grain size. The focus is on large-area barriers of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the context of passivating an underlying Cu substrate from oxidation in air at 200 °C and use imaging Raman spectroscopy as a tool to temporally and spatially map the barrier performance and to guide barrier design. At 200 °C in air, Cu oxidation proceeds in multiple regimes: first slowly via transport through atomic-scale grain boundary defects inherent to CVD-graphene and then more rapidly as the graphene itself degrades and new defects are formed. In the initial regime, the graphene passivates better than previously reported. Whereas oxidation through single sheets primarily occurs through grain boundaries, oxidation through multiple sheets is spatially confined to their intersection. Performance further increases with grain-size. The degradation of the graphene itself at 200 °C ultimately limits high temperature but suggests superior low temperature barrier performance. This study is expected to improve the understanding of mass transport through CVD-graphene materials and lead to improved large area graphene materials for barrier applications.
First-principles Calculations of Twin-boundary and Stacking-fault Energies in Magnesium

The interfacial energies of twin boundaries and stacking faults in metal magnesium have been calculated using first-principles supercell approach. Four types of twin boundaries and two types of stacking faults are investigated, namely, those due to the ( 1 0 1 ¯ 1 ) mirror reflection, the ( 1 0 1 ¯ 1 ) mirror glide, the ( 1 0 1 ¯ 2 ) mirror reflection, the ( 1 0 1 ¯ 2 ) mirror glide, the I1 stacking fault and the I2 stacking fault. The effects of supercell size on the calculated interfacial energies are examined.
Inferential Conditions in the Statistical Detection of Measurement Bias

Measurement bias in an observed variable Y as a measure of an unobserved variable W exists when the relationship of Y to W varies among popula tions of interest. Bias is often studied by examin ing...
Epilepsy after early-life seizures can be independent of hippocampal injury

Prolonged early-life seizures are considered potential risk factors for later epilepsy development, but mediators of this process remain largely unknown. Seizure-induced structural damage in hippocampus, including cell loss and mossy fiber sprouting, is thought to contribute to the hyperexcitability characterizing epilepsy, but a causative role has not been established. To determine whether early-life insults that lead to epilepsy result in similar structural changes, we subjected rat pups to lithium-pilocarpine–induced status epilepticus during postnatal development (day 20) and examined them as adults for the occurrence of spontaneous seizures and alterations in hippocampal morphology. Sixty-seven percent of rats developed spontaneous seizures after status epilepticus, yet only one third of these epileptic animals exhibited visible hippocampal cell loss or mossy fiber spouting in dentate gyrus. Most epileptic rats had no apparent structural alterations in the hippocampus detectable using standard light microscopy methods (profile counts and Timm's staining). These results suggest that hippocampal cell loss and mossy fiber sprouting can occur after early-life status epilepticus but may not be necessary prerequisites for epileptogenesis in the developing brain. Ann Neurol 2003
A radiometric method for the measurement of l-asparaginase at concentrations below 1 × 10−5 I.U./ml: Technique and application

A radiometric method for the measurement of low levels of l-asparaginase activity (EC 3.5.1.1) has been devised. This technique uses a protracted incubation at 37°C to magnify amidohydrolytic activity. During this time, in most of the cases examined, l-[U-14C]asparagine is hydrolyzed to l-[U-14C]aspartic acid in a linear way; the l-[U-14C]aspartic acid so generated is transaminated with α-ketoglutaric acid by l-glutamic acid oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) and the [U-14C]oxaloacetic acid so formed is β-decarboxylated by Zn2+ at pH 5.0. Using this procedure, low levels of l-asparaginase have been detected in the serum of the chicken, horse, and ox. Use also has been made of maleimide, which inhibits mammalian l-asparaginase without affecting the enzymes from bacterial sources, to discount the possibility that bacterial contamination of mammalian samples was responsible for the activity seen. When a survey was conducted of the distribution of l-asparaginase in the organs of Mus musculus, testis was found to contain surprisingly high levels of the analogous hydrolase from liver. The applicability of this technique to the measurement of feeble activities of l-asparaginase leeched from Dacron tubing to which l-asparaginase has been covalently bound, also has been demonstrated.
Four variant chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers. Role of the alternative N-terminal sequences in intracellular targeting in transfected human erythroleukemia cells.

Abstract Four variant AE1 anion exchangers with predicted molecular masses of 99, 102, 104, and 108 kDa are expressed in chicken erythroid cells. These variant polypeptides differ in sequence only at the N terminus of their cytoplasmic domains. Molecular analyses have shown that transcripts derived from both of the erythroid-specific promoters, P1 and P2, encode all four of these AE1 anion exchanger variants. However, quantitative RNase protection analyses have shown that the transcripts derived from the P1 promoter are much more prevalent than those derived from the P2 promoter. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies have indicated that the extensive diversity in the transcripts derived from the AE1 gene occurs both in primitive and definitive lineage erythroid cells. Transient transfection analyses using human erythroleukemia cells have investigated the functional significance of the alternative sequences at the N terminus of these variant exchangers. These studies have shown that the erythroid AE1 variants are sorted to different membrane compartments in these cells. The 99- and 102-kDa variants are primarily sorted to the plasma membrane, whereas the 108-kDa variant is retained in a perinuclear compartment. These results suggest that the alternative N-terminal cytoplasmic sequences of these polypeptides may serve as signals to direct these variant transporters to different membrane compartments within cells.
Genetic variation of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malic enzymes in the monkey Macaca nemestrina.

Electrophoretic variation of both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms of the malic enzyme is described in Macaca nemestrina. Pedigree analysis of the observed phenotypes demonstrates that the two subcellular forms of the malic enzyme are genetically independent. The identity of the electrophoretic phenotypes in brain, heart muscle, liver, kidney, adrenal, and spleen from any given individual shows that each subcellular form is determined by the same genetic locus in a wide variety of tissues. After separation by ion exchange chromatography, the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malic enzymes were shown to be distinct in their heat stability and Km for malate, but no significant differences were found among the variants of the cytoplasmic enzyme or among the variants of the mitochondrial enzyme. It is possible that the polymorphism of the mitochondrial malic enzyme is selectively neutral.
Vector boson electrodynamics

It is well known that the divergences obtained in perturbation theories involving vector bosons are not as severe as the forms of the interaction Lagrangians would suggest. In this paper we note some general properties of the divergences encountered in the minimal electrodynamics of vector bosons and then examine the expressions which describe a number of processes occurring in such a theory. We find that the order of the divergences of these expressions is no greater than that of the corresponding expressions in scalar electrodynamics.
Assessment of the morphological features of degenerative mitral valve disease using 64-slice multi detector computed tomography

Background Patients with severe mitral regurgitation may be screened for coronary artery disease with the use of cardiac computed tomography before valve surgery. Objective We hypothesized that dual-source multidetector computed tomography (DSCT) could effectively predict the culprit mitral valve scallop identified during surgery among patients with degenerative mitral valve disease undergoing surgical mitral valve repair. Methods Twenty-six patients (7 women) with known severe mitral regurgitation underwent elective mitral valve repair from September 2006 through December 2009 at our institution. An additional 10 patients underwent aortic valve replacement and had no documented history of mitral valve disease. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and had retrospectively gated DSCT performed to evaluate the coronary arteries before surgery. Each mitral scallop was identified as either normal, prolapsed, or flail. CT findings were compared with operative findings, which were guided by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Results In the 26 patients examined, DSCT identified flail in 23 scallops and prolapse in 48. DSCT agreed with operative findings on identification of the culprit scallop in 25 of 26 patients. On a per-patient and per-scallop basis, the observed κ statistic for agreement between DSCT and operative findings was 0.82. Of the 60 scallops in the aortic valve group, all were judged to be normal by both DSCT and TEE. Conclusions In patients with degenerative mitral valve disease undergoing cardiac surgery, DSCT demonstrates excellent agreement with intraoperative findings. DSCT can be used to identify the affected mitral valve scallop and its structure in patients who are candidates for mitral valve repair.
The “Crush” Technique for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Stenting: Insights From Micro-Computed Tomographic Imaging of Bench Deployments

Objectives This study provides insights into “crush” coronary bifurcation stenting through imaging of bench deployments. Background Although the strategy of provisional side-branch stenting is widely accepted for suitable bifurcation lesions, there is no consensus on the best option for elective stenting with 2 stents. The crush technique has the potential to scaffold and apply the drug to the side-branch ostium where restenosis is most common. Methods Sequential steps of crush stent deployment and post-dilation were undertaken in silicone phantoms and recorded on cine angiography and microcomputed tomography. We assessed the effect of deployment strategies, post-dilation strategies, and cell size on side-branch ostial area. Results Side-branch ostial coverage by metal struts was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46 to 59) after 1-step kissing post-dilation and was reduced by 2-step kissing post-dilation to 33% (95% CI: 28 to 37; p l 0.0001). Although the residual stenosis after the classical crush strategy was 47% (95% CI: 39 to 53), it was 36% (95% CI: 31 to 40; p = 0.002) after mini-crush deployment. Stents with larger cell size (g3.5 mm diameter) had a residual stenosis of 37% (95% CI: 32 to 42) after crush deployment that was less than the residual stenosis for stents with smaller cell size (52%; 95% CI: 44 to 60; p l 0.0001). Conclusions Side-branch ostial stenosis after crush stenting was minimized by mini-crush deployment, 2-step kissing post-dilation, and the use of stents with larger cell size. It is unknown if optimizing stent deployment at bifurcation lesions will reduce clinical stent thrombosis and restenosis.
Abstract 3726: Sexual function following surgery with or without intracavitary vaginal brachytherapy for early stage endometrial carcinoma

Objective: The purpose of this research study is to describe the effects of intracavitary vaginal brachytherapy (IVB) on sexual function and quality of life of women with early stage endometrial cancer. Methods: 156 women, ages 20-75, with FIGO stage I to II endometrial cancer from 2002-2007 treated with surgery alone or surgery and IVB were identified and mailed questionnaires. Quality of life and sexual function were measured using the previously validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Cervix Cancer module, and the Sexual function-Vaginal changes Questionnaire. Pertinent data from prior surgery and radiation treatments were abstracted. Fisher9s exact tests were used to evaluate the association of the variables. Results: In total, 87 surveys (56%) were returned. 70 patients completed the survey, 17 in the IVB arm and 53 in the surgery alone arm. In general, the overall quality of life was excellent in both treatment arms, with few patients reporting anxiety, depression, pain, or limitations of activities of daily living. However, 12% of patients treated with IVB (2/17) reported difficulty controlling their bowels compared to 8% of surgery alone patients (4/53) (p=0.037) and 30% (5/ 17) vs. 13% (7/ 53) reported edema in one or both legs (p=0.040). 55% of respondents had not been sexually active in the previous month (11/17, 65% IVB and 27/52, 52 % surgery) (p=0.6). Of sexually active patients (45%, N=31), 43% of IVB (3/7) and 42% (11/26) of surgery alone patients complained of vagina dryness during sexual activity (p=0.935) and 29% (2/7) vs. 20 % (5/25) felt their vagina was short (p=0.635). While 29% in both cohorts reported vaginal tightness, 14% of patients in both treatment groups described intercourse as painful. Sexual activity was enjoyable for only 43% (3/7) of the IVB patients and 60% (17/28) of the surgery alone patients (p=0.549). Conclusions: Overall the quality of life of women with early stage endometrial cancer is excellent following surgery or IVB. Patients treated with IVB report more bowel toxicity and lower extremity edema. Patients in both treatment arms report similar vaginal changes that affect sexual function. It is anticipated that additional data from other institutions participating in the study will allow more definitive exploration of these issues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3726.
Needs Assessment for an Errors-Based Curriculum on Thoracoscopic Lobectomy

Background Research suggests a benefit from a skills curriculum emphasizing error prevention, identification, and management. Our purpose was to identify common errors committed by trainees during simulated thoracoscopic lobectomy for use in developing an error-based curriculum. Methods Twenty-one residents (postgraduate years 1 to 8) performed a thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy on a previously validated simulator. Videos of the procedure were reviewed in a blinded fashion using a checklist listing 66 possible cognitive and technical errors. Results Of the 21 residents, 15 (71%) self-reported completing the anatomic lobectomy; however, only 7 (33%) had actually divided all of the necessary structures correctly. While dissecting the superior pulmonary vein, 16 residents (76%) made at least one error. The most common (n = 13, 62%) was dissecting individual branches rather than the entire vein. On the bronchus, 14 (67%) made at least one error. Again, the most common (n = 9, 43%) was dissecting branches. During these tasks, cognitive errors were more common than technical errors. While dissecting arterial branches, 18 residents (86%) made at least one error. Technical and cognitive errors occurred with equal frequency during arterial dissection. The most common arterial error was excess tension on the vessel (n = 10, 48%). Conclusions Curriculum developers should identify skill-specific technical and judgment errors to verify the scope of errors typically committed. For a thoracoscopic lobectomy curriculum, emphasis should be placed on correct identification of anatomic landmarks during dissection of the vein and airway and on proper tissue handling technique during arterial dissection.