cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nigerian and Ghanaian Popular Music: Two Varieties of Creolization

A partir de ses rencontres avec des musiciens populaires au Nigeria (Fela Anikulapi Kuti, Peter King) et au Ghana, l'A. examine les modalites musicales et expressives par lesquelles la musique populaire constitue une force de resistance et d'opposition a l'oppression politique. Il insiste notamment sur la fonction de communication de la musique. L'aspect proprement musical et esthetique n'est pertinent que dans la mesure ou il permet de transmettre un message politique et social. De ce point de vue, le concept de creolisation permet de restituer la dynamique d'action et d'autonomie d'acteur dans les processus de changement culturel.
CD4-Negative cells bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and efficiently transfer virus to T cells.

The ability of human immunodeficiency virus strain MN (HIVMN), a T-cell line-adapted strain of HIV, and X4 and R5 primary isolates to bind to various cell types was investigated. In general, HIVMN bound to cells at higher levels than did the primary isolates. Virus bound to both CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD4-negative (CD4−) cells, including neutrophils, Raji cells, tonsil mononuclear cells, erythrocytes, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), although virus bound at significantly higher levels to PBMC. However, there was no difference in the amount of HIV that bound to CD4-enriched or CD4-depleted PBMC. Virus bound to CD4− cells was up to 17 times more infectious for T cells in cocultures than was the same amount of cell-free virus. Virus bound to nucleated cells was significantly more infectious than virus bound to erythrocytes or platelets. The enhanced infection of T cells by virus bound to CD4− cells was not due to stimulatory signals provided by CD4− cells or infection of CD4− cells. However, anti-CD18 antibody substantially reduced the enhanced virus replication in T cells, suggesting that virus that bound to the surface of CD4− cells is efficiently passed to CD4+ T cells during cell-cell adhesion. These studies show that HIV binds at relatively high levels to CD4− cells and, once bound, is highly infectious for T cells. This suggests that virus binding to the surface of CD4− cells is an important route for infection of T cells in vivo.
From Surface Science to Nanotechnology

This overview sketches the historical development of surface science through nanoscience toward nanotechnology. It spans about 50 years of evolution and emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of this field, as well as its closely-knit interactions with technology, scientific disciplines, phenomena and techniques. A series of examples is given, drawn mainly from work performed in Berkeley, to highlight various stages in the field: surfaces, interfaces, clusters, thin films, superlattices, nanostructures and “bionano”.
Plant Metabolism and the Environment: Implications for Managing Phenolics

The presence of phenolic compounds in food has garnered much attention over the years. The diversity of these compounds and their contribution to nutritive and sensory qualities has been investigated in depth to elucidate benefits and modes of action. This review is intended to provide information on the impact of growing conditions on the accumulation of phenolics in plants. The aim is to provide knowledge of factors that influence phenolic biosynthesis in plants to help us manage them prior to harvest. Through improving our understanding of plant responses to the environment we may be able to manipulate growing parameters to suit the needs of the consumer. In this review, research regarding plant responses to climate, farming practices, biotic, and abiotic stresses is presented.
Distributional Smoothing in Bayesian Fault Diagnosis

Previously, we demonstrated the potential value of constructing asset-specific models for fault diagnosis. We also examined the effects of using split probabilities, where prior probabilities come from asset-specific statistics and likelihoods from fleet-wide statistics. In this paper, we build upon that work to examine the efficacy of smoothing probability distributions between asset-specific and fleet-wide distributions to further improve diagnostic accuracy. In the current experiments, we also add environmental differentiation to asset differentiation under the assumption that data are acquired in the context of online health monitoring. We hypothesize that the overall diagnostic accuracy will be increased with the smoothing approach relative to a fleet-wide model or a set of asset-specific models. The hypothesis is largely supported by the results. Future work will concentrate on improving the smoothing mechanism and in the context of small data sets.
A study of composition schemes for mixed apply/compose based construction of ROBDDs

Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDDs) have traditionally been built in a bottom-up fashion. In this scheme, the intermediate peak memory utilization is often larger than the final ROBDD size, limiting the complexity of the circuits which can be processed using ROBDDS. Recently we showed that for a large number of applications, the peak memory requirement can be substantially reduced by a suitable combination of bottom up (decomposition based) and top down (composition based) approaches of building ROBDDs. In this paper, we focus on the composition process. We detail four heuristic algorithms for finding good composition orders, and compare their utility on a set of standard benchmark circuits. Our schemes offer a matrix of time-memory tradeoff points.
Postexercise hypotension is mediated by reductions in sympathetic nerve activity

Mean arterial pressure (MAP), the product of cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), is reduced below preexercise levels after a single bout of mild to moderate dynamic exercise....
Simulation Design Considerations 2.0: Optimizing Space and Operations

Abstract Background Simulation facility design has progressed over the past decade. Many schools and hospitals have the need to build flexible, forward thinking simulation education spaces. Method Through the experience of designing and opening a multispecialty simulation facility, many lessons have been learned, and several innovative aspects of simulation center design, which make simulation facilities extremely flexible and usable, have been identified. Results This article focuses on design concepts that provide options for simulation facilities to be both functional and operationally sound. Conclusions When designing or modifying simulation facilities, specific design elements add to the functionality and flow of the space and should be considered in consultation with architects, builders, and planners.
Heat Capacities of Polyethylene from 2 to 360 K. II. Two High Density Linear Polyethylene Samples and Thermodynamic Properties of Crystalline Linear Polyethylene.

Heat capacities of two high density linear polyethylene samples were measured from 2 to 360 K. By incorporating the results from the previous work of this series, thermodynamic properties of completely crystalline linear polyethylene may be estimated. Cp , H - H0, S and - (G - H0) at 298.15 K for crystalline linear polyethylene are estimated to be 22.60 J K-1 mol-1, 3544 J mol-1, 23.02 J K-1 mol-1 and 3319 J mol-1, respectively. Spontaneous adiabatic temperature drifts were observed in both samples near 240 K. These drifts may be attributed to the enthalpy relaxation phenomena occurring in the glass transformation region.
Global integrative meaning as a mediating factor in the relationship between social roles and psychological distress

Previous scholars' attempts to account for the salutary effects of social roles (i.e., employment, marriage, and parenting) on distress have considered the mediating effects of role-specific identity meaning. These attempts, however, have had limited success. I argue that social roles affect distress because they provide a global integrative meaning and that this integrative concept of meaning is theoretically different from role-specific identity meaning. My data were drawn from a national probability sample of 2,248 respondents age 18 years and over. My results provide substantial evidence that social roles have a salutary relationship on distress and that integrative meaning mediates these effects. The effects of the marriage and parenting roles on distress are the most affected by the mediating effects of integrative meaning. My discussion addresses these findings in light of recent research which considers other theoretically important and potentially related constructs such as role-specific identity meaning, global self-esteem and role-specific self-esteem.
TALEN gene editing takes aim on HIV

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are one of several types of programmable, engineered nucleases that bind and cleave specific DNA sequences. Cellular machinery repairs the cleaved DNA by introducing indels. In this review, we emphasize the potential, explore progress, and identify challenges in using TALENs as a therapeutic tool to treat HIV infection. TALENs have less off-target editing and can be more effective at tolerating HIV escape mutations than CRISPR/Cas-9. Scientists have explored TALEN-mediated editing of host genes such as viral entry receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) and a protein involved in proviral integration (LEDGF/p75). Viral targets include the proviral DNA, particularly focused on the long terminal repeats. Major challenges with translating gene therapy from bench to bedside are improving cleavage efficiency and delivery, while minimizing off-target editing, cytotoxicity, and immunogenicity. However, rapid improvements in TALEN technology are enhancing cleavage efficiency and specificity. Therapeutic testing in animal models of HIV infection will help determine whether TALENs are a viable HIV treatment therapy. TALENs or other engineered nucleases could shift the therapeutic paradigm from life-long antiretroviral therapy toward eradication of HIV infection.
Effects of PGE2 and a thromboxane A2 analogue on uptake of IgG complexes and LDL by mesangial cells.

Vasoactive agents such as angiotensin (ANG) and eicosanoids can influence macromolecular deposition in the glomerular mesangium. We studied whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and U-46619 (a stable analogue of thromboxane A2) could directly affect the uptake of immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured rat mesangial cells (MC). Preincubation of MC with PGE2 (10(-6) M) resulted in decreased uptake (in counts.min-1.well-1) of IgG complexes (PGE2, 2,589 +/- 72; control, 3,840 +/- 114; P less than 0.001) and LDL particles (PGE2, 23,176 +/- 1,145; control, 37,216 +/- 4,520; P less than 0.05). MC preincubated with forskolin (10(-5) M) also showed decreased uptake of IgG complexes (forskolin, 2,896 +/- 196; control, 3,840 +/- 114; P less than 0.005) and LDL particles (forskolin, 23,176 +/- 1,145; control, 37,216 +/- 4,520; P less than 0.05). In contrast, preincubation with ANG II (5 x 10(-7) M) showed significantly higher uptake of IgG complexes (ANG II, 4,475 +/- 282; control, 3,787 +/- 277; P less than 0.05) and LDL (ANG II, 48,573 +/- 1,079; control, 44,697 +/- 770; P less than 0.05). Similarly, preincubation with U-46619 (10(-6) M) resulted in significantly higher uptake of IgG complexes (U-46619, 5,370 +/- 300; control, 3,659 +/- 307; P less than 0.02) and LDL (U-46619, 48,298 +/- 1,418; control, 44,697 +/- 770; P less than 0.05). After preincubation with cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate (10(-6) M), ANG II (5 x 10(-7) M) resulted in a significantly higher uptake of IgG complexes compared with uptake by MC treated with ANG II alone (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Main Means

Television financially supports itself mainly through the sale to advertisers of access to audiences. This has led to the observation that television's product is not programming but the attention of the viewers. This chapter examines four aspects: what sets television advertising apart, commercial design, the public's somewhat pejorative—but not consistently unfavorable—evaluation, and the assessment of effectiveness. Television commercials, as with advertising in all media, represent the vested interest of the party paying for the advertisement. Advertising has no purpose other than to advance the interests of its sponsor. Usually, this interest rests in the purchase of a particular product by the viewer or reader, but sometimes it lies in elevating the impression of a brand name, company, or genre of goods. The most pervasive and banal feature of display advertising, of which television commercials are essentially a subspecies, is the use of classical conditioning. The advertised product or brand name is paired with an image that is expected to arouse a positive effect, such as a symbol of power and authority, sexual attractiveness, or pleasurable consumption. As a result, the response evoked by the image becomes more likely in response to the product or brand name, enhancing favorability toward it. The success of this psychological truism is not the means by which the effectiveness of a commercial in the specific instance is measured. It is simply a central part of many features that presumably advance favorability toward the product or the brand name.
Measurement of the Quadrupole Moment of 8Li by use of a Polarized Beam and NMR Detection

In a separate contribution to this conference (T. Minamisono et al.) the method of producing polarized nuclei with polarized beams is described. In this paper we report an application of the method to a measurement of the quadrupole moment of 8Li.
Shostakovich's Ninth Symphony: An Analytical Exploration and Keys to Interpretation

iii Acknowledgements iv List of Figures vi Chapter 1: Historical Background 1 1.1: Problems with Socialist Realism in Music 5 1.2: Shostakovich’s compositional style before 1937 8 Chapter 2: Plans for the Ninth 11 2.1: Reception 12 2.2: Shostakovich and Jewish music 13 Chapter 3: Analysis 17 3.1: Allegro – E-flat major 18 3.2: Moderato – B minor 29 3.3: Presto – G major 33 3.5: Largo – B-flat minor 33 3.6: Allegretto – E-flat major 38 Chapter 4: Conclusion 42 Appendix 1 : Table of “Some Acceptable and Unacceptable Features of Soviet Music in the 1930s” from Judith Kuhn’s Shostakovich in Dialogue 43 Appendix 2 : Figure 5 45 Appendix 3 : Figure 6 47 Appendix 4 : Figure 9 49 Bibliography 51 Discography 55
Interpretation: Critique of Sovereign and the Exemplarity of the Suffering Subject

Referring to Giles of Rome’s cardinal political virtues, it is argued that Chaucer’s tale reveals that the subject’s suffering is caused by a moral flaw in the sovereign. What is unusual about Chaucer’s critique is that this lack is found in all legitimate sovereigns, not only in tyrants as medieval theory posits, thus suggesting that the subject’s suffering is a normative, not exceptional, consequence of her relation to the sovereign. The book’s final point is that while Chaucer’s tale depicts dramatically the extreme suffering of the exemplary subject, he suggests that there is no other alternative; that is, the subject can only exist in relation to the sovereign. It is perhaps Chaucer’s most despairing vision of political relations.
Prior video game utilization is associated with improved performance on a robotic skills simulator

Laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery, two forms of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), have recently experienced a large increase in utilization. Prior studies have shown that video game experience (VGE) may be associated with improved laparoscopic surgery skills; however, similar data supporting a link between VGE and proficiency on a robotic skills simulator (RSS) are lacking. The objective of our study is to determine whether volume or timing of VGE had any impact on RSS performance. Pre-clinical medical students completed a comprehensive questionnaire detailing previous VGE across several time periods. Seventy-five subjects were ultimately evaluated in 11 training exercises on the daVinci Si Skills Simulator. RSS skill was measured by overall score, time to completion, economy of motion, average instrument collision, and improvement in Ring Walk 3 score. Using the nonparametric tests and linear regression, these metrics were analyzed for systematic differences between non-users, light, and heavy video game users based on their volume of use in each of the following four time periods: past 3 months, past year, past 3 years, and high school. Univariate analyses revealed significant differences between heavy and non-users in all five performance metrics. These trends disappeared as the period of VGE went further back. Our study showed a positive association between video game experience and robotic skills simulator performance that is stronger for more recent periods of video game use. The findings may have important implications for the evolution of robotic surgery training.
Simple, fast, and safe manual memory management

Safe programming languages are readily available, but many applications continue to be written in unsafe languages because of efficiency. As a consequence, many applications continue to have exploitable memory safety bugs. Since garbage collection is a major source of inefficiency in the implementation of safe languages, replacing it with safe manual memory management would be an important step towards solving this problem. Previous approaches to safe manual memory management use programming models based on regions, unique pointers, borrowing of references, and ownership types. We propose a much simpler programming model that does not require any of these concepts. Starting from the design of an imperative type safe language (like Java or C#), we just add a delete operator to free memory explicitly and an exception which is thrown if the program dereferences a pointer to freed memory. We propose an efficient implementation of this programming model that guarantees type safety. Experimental results from our implementation based on the C# native compiler show that this design achieves up to 3x reduction in peak working set and run time.
Genetic Analysis in Physarum polycephalum

Detailed knowledge of the life cycle is a prerequisite for meaningful genetic analysis of any organism. The life cycle of Physarum polycephalum as we know it in the laboratory is summarized in Fig. 1-1.
First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Bipolaris victoriae on Switchgrass in Georgia

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native North American perennial C4 grass and was selected by the Department of Energy as a model bioenergy crop. However, for the purposes of bioenergy production, switchgrass will be grown on a large number of hectares for multiple years. As a result of extended production periods, foliar diseases may impact biomass yield and quality. In the summer of 2010, light-to-dark brown, irregularly-shaped leaf spots with white necrotic centers and chlorosis were observed on the Southern Switchgrass Diversity Panel (SSDP) maintained at the University of Georgia in Watkinsville. The SSDP consists of 480 switchgrass genotypes, and has been characterized at phenotypic (plant height, plant color) and genotypic levels (Evans et al. 2014). Disease symptoms increased in the field each year and were observed on 30% of the SSDP entries during the summer of 2016. Symptomatic leaf tissue was collected from the field in 2016, surface sterilized, air dried and plated on 2% water agar. After ...
Training of Psychiatrists in Mental Retardation

This paper addresses the increasing demand for psychiatric care of the mentally retarded population and the need to provide training to residents and practicing psychiatrists. As a result of extensive training experiences and research over the last three decades via a residency program and continuing education courses, recommendations are suggested regarding curricula strategies and diagnostic/treatment approaches to this population. Specific training experiences are also analyzed suggesting both the quantity and quality of experiences necessary to gain competency in this growing and challenging population.
United States Practice in Latin America

… Not one of my predecessors has been able literally to carry out the instructions of the Department, and I am forced to add that it will be impossible for my successors to act differently from the course pursued by their predecessors as long as the other legations receive and protect those that come to them in such emergencies … A refugee comes to us; asks protection; we refuse to extend it to him; in return he refuses to leave the premises. Are we to use force to compel him to leave? We can not ask the Government to aid us. That would violate the sanctity of our legation … There is but one solution, I think, and that is for each legation absolutely to refuse to shelter any one but members of the Government in case of a revolution only.1
MR Imaging of the Central Nervous System

The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has vastly altered the field of radiology, particularly neuroradiology and by extension to a certain degree the practice of neurology and neurosurgery. Unlike the rapid implementation of X-rays after they were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895, it took more than 40 yr before the clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) principles was realized. The fundamentals of NMR were first outlined by a Dutch physicist named G. J. Gorter in 1936 (1,2) and refined by Bloch and Purcell in 1946 (3,4) but it was not until 1973 when Lauterbur (5) suggested using magnetic field gradients and NMR to encode position information that the current clinical use of NMR medical imaging was established. Still, it required many years of contributions from the basic science fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering before the development and subsequent implementation of the clinical scanners that we use today.
Statistics of Brittle Fracture

From a simple statistical model of occasional cracked grain boundaries, a statistical distribution of strength is derived which does not fall into any of the three asymptotic forms of extreme value distributions. The size effects for this new extreme-value distribution are similar to those of the third asymptote with an exponent of about m = 4, but it is necessary to drop 5 or 6 standard deviations below the median in order to reduce the failure probability to 1 in 106, which corresponds more to the first asymptote, m = ∞. Stress gradient effects, leading to notch insensitivity, are reviewed for the third asymptotic distribution, and a method for correlating scatter in strength with position of failure in three-point bend specimens is derived and illustrated.
Essays on food assistance program participation and demand for food

Household food demand and choices over food products are constantly evolving. Therefore better understanding of the relationship among household socioeconomic characteristics, expenditures, foods and nutrient choices of consumers and food prices is important to food producers, health professionals, policymakers and educators. This dissertation is a collection of three papers, each analyzing a particular issue related to consumer behavior. The first two papers explore two important issues related to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program that have not been extensively addressed in the past. First, although the WIC program is primarily devised with the intent of improving the nutrition of "targeted" children and mothers, it is possible that WIC may also change the consumption of foods by non-targeted individuals within the household. Second, although WIC eligibility status is predetermined, participation in the program is voluntary and therefore potentially endogenous. Although the two papers address similar topics, they differ in empirical approach. The first paper uses a two-stage instrumental variables approach and the second paper uses a Bayesian approach in order to handle the endogeneity of WIC program participation. Findings from these two papers indicate that based on the specification of the empirical model the choice of the estimation method can play an important role on the final outcome of the research. The third paper of this dissertation examines consumer demand for grain products. Given the public health interest in increased consumption of whole grains, demand for different types of cereals, both refined and whole grain is estimated. Bayesian methods are employed in the estimation accounting for the censoring of the dependent variables. Results show that demand for all types of cereals is inelastic to changes in prices. The expenditure elasticities do not vary widely in the magnitude. The expenditure elasticity is slightly above unity for the whole grain ready-to-eat cereals suggesting that as the expenditure on cereals increases households will allocate proportionally more on whole-grain ready-to-eat cereals and less on other cereals.
DD90: Blockierte Unternehmen (Mai 2009)

Ein Leser bat mich einmal, das Buch Lebenslust von Manfred Lutz zu lesen – das wurde mir gefallen. Es ist im Prinzip keine gute Idee, mir das Lesen von Buchern zu empfehlen, weil ich sooo viel Rat diesbezuglich bekomme, dass ich praktisch immer peinliche Ausreden vorbereiten muss – verstehen Sie meine Lage? Auserdem lese ich nicht gerne Bucher, die meine Meinung bestatigen. Es sollte mich doch erweitern!
Abstract SY17-01: Metabolic impact on immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic relevance

We have studied the crosstalk among immune cell subsets (Tregs, Th17, Th22, CD8+ T cells, and APCs) and tumor (stem) cells in the tumor microenvironment, and its impact on tumor immunity and therapy. Over the past few years, our team has achieved important insights into cancer immunopathogenesis. Our research efforts demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment comprises immune cells that have been reprogrammed by active tumor-mediated processes to defeat tumor immunity and promote tumor progression in a highly effective manner. These studies have helped define the nature of immune responses in the cancer microenvironment, form the concept of immunosuppressive networks in the cancer microenvironment, and provide significant insights into designing current immune therapies including inhibitory B7 checkpoint blockade (PD-L1, B7-H1) to treat cancer patients. In this talk, we focus on how glycolysis and oxidative stress affect naive T cells, effector T cells, and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. We have demonstrated that tumor-associated glycolysis affects naive T-cell phenotype via the FIP200-associated autophagy pathway and controls effector T-cell poly-functionality via EZH2-H3K27me3 mediated-epigenetic regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, we have found that tumor Tregs sustain and amplify their suppressor capacity by inadvertent death via oxidative stress. This process is highly regulated through energy metabolism. The work highlights the metabolic pathways controlling T-cell subset functional behavior and affecting cancer immune checkpoint therapy. Citation Format: Weiping Zou. Metabolic impact on immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic relevance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY17-01.
Decay of N 12

Positron-gamma coincidence measurements have been carried out on ${\mathrm{N}}^{12}$ by forming the activity in the ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}({\mathrm{He}}^{3},n){\mathrm{N}}^{12}$ reaction using a mechanically chopped Van de Graaff beam of 3.4-MeV ${\mathrm{He}}^{3+}$ ions and by detecting the delayed positron and gamma radiations in plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors. Gamma rays with energies of 4.43, 12.7, and 15.1 MeV were observed in coincidence with positrons. For the two higher states, the ${\mathrm{N}}^{12}$ positron branches and $log\mathrm{ft}$ values derived are (2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, $logft=3.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16$ for positron emission to the 12.71-MeV state of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, and (4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $logft=3.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13$ for the positron transition to the 15.11-MeV state of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$.
On Factors Affecting Subharmonic-aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE)

Subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) estimates hydrostatic pressure using the inverse relationship with subharmonic amplitude variations of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). We studied the impact of varying incident acoustic outputs (IAO), UCA concentration, and hematocrit on SHAPE. A Logiq 9 scanner with a 4C curvilinear probe (GE, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) was used with Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) transmitting at 2.5 MHz and receiving at 1.25 MHz. An improved IAO selection algorithm provided improved correlations ( r from -0.85 to -0.95 vs. -0.39 to -0.98). There was no significant change in SHAPE gradient as the pressure increased from 10 to 40 mmHg and hematocrit concentration was tripled from 1.8 to 4.5 mL/L (Δ0.00-0.01 dB, p = 0.18), and as UCA concentration was increased from 0.2 to 1.2 mL/L (Δ0.02-0.05 dB, p = 0.75). The results for the correlation between the SHAPE gradient and hematocrit values for patients ( N = 100) in an ongoing clinical trial were also calculated showing a poor correlation value of 0.14. Overall, the SHAPE gradient is independent of hematocrit and UCA concentration. An improved algorithm for IAO selection will make SHAPE more accurate.
Valuing Authenticity: Exploring the Role of Consumer Traits in Restaurant Choice: An Abstract

The notion that authenticity increases value remains an accepted concept in the authenticity literature. But does that hold to be true across every consumer? Some consumers may not care about the presence of authenticity. Depending on one’s goals in purchasing a product or service, the state of whether a brand manager has a passion for doing his or her job may not matter. Authenticity is defined as a trait of being intrinsically motivated, with actions driven from being “true to self.” Grounded in self-determination theory, the current research examines how the intrinsic motivation of brand managers affects consumers’ value assessments of a restaurant. The focus remains on consumer perceptions of authenticity. For example, brand managers may demonstrate authenticity by giving the perception that they are more product oriented rather than consumer oriented. Authenticity also has been found to have a connection to uniqueness. Consumers who are authentic and less motivated by the thoughts and actions of others tend to have a greater desire to acquire unique products. Consumers who avoid businesses that are highly frequented by the majority of consumers may be more likely to value an authentic restaurant. Further, consumers aiming to self-identify with products or services that are unpopular may look to authenticity as a way to achieve similarity avoidance. Also, value orientation may play a role in valuing authenticity. Consumers dining out for an experience rather than to simply complete the task of eating a meal may value authenticity more.
Some data on Eserine's effect on the cerebral cortex of white rats

The study of the effect of eserine on the conditioned reflexes of white rats has demonstrated that its various doses exert a different effect on the conditioned reflex activity. In a dose of 0.01 mg per 100 g of body weight eserine reduces the latent period of the food-motor conditioned reflexes. Higher doses of eserine disturb the nerve impulse transmission in the interneuronal synapses; this is manifested in a considerable prolongation of the reflex latent period up to complete disappearance of the motor reaction to the positive conditioned stimulus.
Public Health Considerations among People who Inject Drugs with HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Review

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is a major public health concern. There are limited data in clinical trials on the use of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for treatment of HCV in co-infected PWID. It is critical for these patients to gain access to treatment in order to decrease progression of liver disease and decrease transmission of both HIV and HCV. Additional harm reduction interventions, including needle and syringe programs and opioid substitution treatment, should be made available to this vulnerable population. Despite the importance of DAA treatment, the cost of DAA therapy and access to medical care is still a barrier to appropriate therapy. The purpose of this review is to present available data on the use of DAAs in co-infected PWID, review guideline recommendations for treatment and retreatment of HCV in co-infected PWID, provide cost considerations for DAA therapy, and provide recommendations about caring for patients who continue to inject drugs.
Prediction of Sorghum Bicolor Genotype from In-Situ Images Using Autoencoder-Identified SNPs

Extensive genetic and phenotypic research is necessary for any effective plant breeding program. Such studies, however, require an immense amount of time and resources. In order to expedite the breeding process, we provide a novel method for rapid genotype prediction using in-situ images of plants. In this method, significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are first identified using a novel autoencoder framework with the goal of being more robust to false positive associations than standard genome wide association studies (GWAS). On-field images of various plant varieties are then used to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict candidate alleles and validate phenotypic relationships. This image-based system allows for easy use on new plant varieties to gain real-time genetic information for better harvest prediction. The feasibility of our method for rapid genotype prediction was demonstrated on 345 Sorghum bicolor varieties with corresponding uncontrolled images 60 days after seed planting. Our autoencoder identified 4 significant SNPs that had an average allele classification accuracy of 70.58% on 68 previously unseen plant varieties.
Biodiversity conservation of coastal fish of Indonesia

Each species has a special value. No species was created without intention. If one species matters, all species are altogether admirably important. This paper elucidates critical importance of species conservation in the context marine fish biodiversity in Indonesia. This resource endowment has not been truly known and hence improperly utilized. As direct consequences, biodiversity loss and species extinction are unstoppable trend. This condition is attributed to the lack systematic research and serious education programs. Beside the needs of improving research and education at national level, conservation programs should be intentionally adapted by regional government. Of the various available conservation approaches, the adapting of focal species by each regional government may become an effective approach to massively promote fish conservation program at provincial and regency levels. It also may become an input for conservation practices at larger scale. Abstrak Setiap spesies mempunyai nilai khusus. Tidak ada satu spesies pun yang diciptakan tanpa tujuan. Jika satu spesies saja begitu berarti, keberadaan semua spesies sekaligus sangat penting. Makalah ini menekankan begitu pentingnya konser-vasi spesies pada keragaman hayati laut di Indonesia. Sumber daya ini belum diketahui dengan sempurna dan sebab itu menjadi alasan untuk tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Sebagai akibatnya, kehilangan keragaman hayati dan kepunahan spesies adalah kecenderungan yang tidak terhentikan. Hal ini terjadi karena kekurangan penelitian dan program pendi-didikan. Selain kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan penelitian dan pendidikan pada skala nasional, program konservasi harus sengaja diadakan di tingkat daerah. Dari berbagai pendekatan program konservasi, penentuan spesies kunci bisa menjadi pendekatan efektif untuk mempromosikan konservasi spesies ikan secara masif oleh pemerintah daerah provin-si atau kabupaten. Pendekatan ini bisa menjadi pelajaran bagi praktif konservasi pada skala yang lebih luas.
ChoiceMaker: Transitioning Self-Determined Youth.

Individuals who are successful are self-determined. Unfortunately, too many youths with disabilities are not self-determined. Many individuals with disabilities exit our schools faced with a quality of life that looks quite different from their non-handicapped peers. Transition activities must be based on students' needs, preferences, and interests. School based transition planning should be directed toward employment outcomes. Students need opportunities to learn their vocational preferences, interests and skills relative to the available job market. By using a Self-Directed Employment Model, students will empower themselves to make and implement their own decisions. The Self-Directed Employment approach teaches students to choose a job that matches their interests and skills, and facilitates on-the-job self-management skills. Participating students systematically complete a three phase structured vocational curriculum as they progress through a choose, manage, evaluate, and adjust model. To help make a ...
Heat shock proteins in immune response

The connection between HSPs and tumor rejection antigens became apparent through tumor rejection studies in mice and rats. In search for individually distinct tumor rejection antigens, tumor cell lysates were fractionated biochemically and each fraction was tested for its ability to immunize in vivo against the tumor. The tumor rejection antigens thus found were mostly HSPs (Tab. 1). Preparations of HSPs, e.g., HSP70, HSP90, gp96 and calreticulin (CRT) from Meth A fibrosarcoma (tumor induced in BALB/c mice by methylcholanthrene) when used to immunize BALB/c mice, rendered the mice immune to subsequent challenge with live Meth A tumor cells in a classical tumor rejection assay [1-3]. However, immunization of mice with HSP preparations from normal tissues [2] or from antigenically-distinct tumor cells [1, 4] did not protect the animals against tumor challenge.
Influence of light on endogenous phytohormone concentrations of a nitrogen-fixing Anabaena sp. cyanobacterium culture in open raceways for use as fertilizer for horticultural crops

The influence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on endogenous phytohormone concentrations of a heterocystous N-fixing Anabaena sp. cyanobacterium was studied under 14-day batch cultivation at the CSU Horticultural Research Farm during 2016. The two-factorial experiment compared phytohormone concentrations in 52-L Anabaena sp. cultures grown in CO2-supplemented Allen and Arnon N-free growth medium within and outside polyethylene-covered high tunnels. Inoculation densities were designed to capture 91% and 84% of day 1 maximum outdoor PAR. Across two trials, LC-MS/MS analysis detected mean concentrations of 0.137 ± 0.062 (standard deviation) ng mg−1 dry weight (dw) abscisic acid (ABA), 0.189 ± 0.049 ng mg−1 dw indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.134 ± 0.048 ng mg−1 dw indole acetamide (IAM), 0.116 ± 0.032 ng mg−1 dw indole carboxylic acid (ICA), and 0.022 ± 0.017 ng mg−1 dw trans-zeatin riboside (tZr). Salicylic acid (SA) was detected at significantly different concentrations of 0.449 ± 0.229 ng mg−1 dw in trial 1 and 1.066 ± 0.262 ng mg−1 dw in trial 2. ICA and SA have not been reported as cyanobacterial metabolites. Regression equations based on treatment variables and production parameters found that solar irradiance, likely through light stress or energy availability, was a significant variable in predicting ABA, IAA, IAM, and SA concentrations. Anabaena sp. culture inoculation density was determined to be a significant variable in predicting IAA, IAM, and SA concentrations. IAA and SA concentrations were comparable to those reported to have beneficial effects on plant growth when applied as a constituent of cyanobacterial biomass.
An alternative way to study magnetic fluid magnetization and viscosity

Abstract In the article, magnetization, viscosity and its increment (“magnetoviscous” effect) in a thin near-wall layer of the column of magnetic fluid that oscillates in the tube when applying a strong transverse magnetic field are assessed. Calculations were performed using formulae obtained on the basis of two different theoretical approaches. The described technique is of interest for studying magnetophoresis and the processes of aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles.
Influence of Backfill Soil Saturation on the Structural Response of Buried Pipes

The structural design of new buried pipes and the calculation of the remaining service life of in-service buried pipes are usually conducted assuming that the backfill soil is at the optimum moisture content using the unsaturated soil parameters published by Boscardin et al. (1990). These unsaturated soil parameters are also implemented in the CANDE software, which is a standard software developed for designing buried culverts/pipes. However, intense rainfall seasons, floods, or water table rise due to changes in local drainage conditions may change the state of the backfill soil from unsaturated to saturated conditions. The purpose of this paper is to study the robustness of using the unsaturated soil parameters in the design of new buried pipes and the calculation of the remaining strength of in-service buried pipes by comparing the response of buried pipes for unsaturated and saturated backfill conditions using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Cast iron, concrete, and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes have been considered to address the aim of the study. The results have shown that the soil saturation increases the stresses of the pipe wall, displacement of the pipe, and the soil pressure applied on the pipe. Hence, there is a need to understand and consider the unsaturated/saturated soil mechanics in the design and the analysis of buried pipes/culverts.
Award announcement: Laureate of the International Arbuzovs Prize in organophosphorus chemistry for 2019

Recently, I received a correspondence from Professor Andrey Karasik, Head of the A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry in Tatarstan, Russia, and Member of the Awarding Committee ...
112 The effect of biological extenders on invitro induction of the acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa

Biological extenders in semen are used to protect the integrity of the sperm cells during cryopreservation. The two most common extenders are egg yolk and milk, and initial experiments describing heparin capacitation for IVF were conducted with semen frozen in egg yolk extender. However, semen of many bulls used for IVF is frozen in milk-based extender, and it is not clear whether this affects the response to heparin capacitation. This study aims to assess whether the use of milk- or egg-based extenders in frozen-thawed bovine semen affects sperm's ability to undergo the acrosome reaction, utilising either the endogenous progesterone pathway or calcium ionophore A23187 to induce the acrosome reaction following heparin capacitation. Frozen semen from 12 bulls (6 using egg yolk citrate-based extender containing 20% egg yolk, and 6 using milk-based extender) was used for no less than 3 replicates each. All semen was commercially processed and cryopreserved using the same methodology. Semen was thawed and separated using a Percoll gradient and centrifugation at 400 × g for 10 min, then incubated for 4 h in a capacitating medium containing heparin (10 μg mL−1) at a concentration of 1 × 106 sperm mL−1. Capacitated sperm were then introduced to progesterone (10 μM) or A23187 (10 μM) for acrosome induction and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (5 μg mL−1). After treatment and staining, the sperm were analysed using flow cytometry to determine the percentage of populations with fluorescent acrosomes, indicating an exposed acrosome and an ongoing acrosome reaction. Fluorescent microscopy was also used to confirm fluorescence in acrosome-reacting samples. Results were analysed as a 2 × 3 factorial design by ANOVA with extender and acrosome induction treatment as factors. For egg yolk-extended semen, the mean percent of acrosome-reacted sperm was 83.7 (±6.8), 81.8 (±7), and 15.0 (±7.5) for sperm treated with progesterone, A23187, and heparin only, respectively. Compared to milk-extended semen, for which the mean percent acrosome-reacted was 15.0 (±8.2), 14.8 (±7.4), and 12.0 (±6.8) for progesterone, A23187, and heparin only, respectively. Significant differences were observed between extenders, with egg yolk-extended semen having a significantly greater response to acrosome reaction-inducing agents than semen extended with milk-based extenders (P < 0.05). Also, it was observed that progesterone induced a similar percentage of acrosome reactions as A23187. Variation between bulls in the response to heparin capacitation has been observed and cannot be eliminated in this study. The difference observed between extenders warrants further study with a split ejaculate design. The possibility that the semen extender used during cryopreservation affects the response to heparin capacitation suggests that this should be accounted for in IVF protocols to increase the efficiency of this technology.
GlycoGlyph: a glycan visualizing, drawing and naming application.

MOTIVATION Glycan structures are commonly represented using symbols or linear nomenclature such as that from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics (also known as modified IUPAC-condensed nomenclature). No current tool allows for writing the name in such format using a graphical user interface (GUI); thus, names are prone to errors or non-standardized representations. RESULTS Here we present GlycoGlyph, a web application built using JavaScript, which is capable of drawing glycan structures using a GUI and providing the linear nomenclature as an output or using it as an input in a dynamic manner. GlycoGlyph also allows users to save the structures as an SVG vector graphic, and allows users to export the structure as condensed GlycoCT. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The application can be used at: https://glycotoolkit.com/Tools/GlycoGlyph/. The application is tested to work in modern web browsers such as Firefox or Chrome. CONTACT aymehta@bidmc.harvard.edu or rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
A Preteen Female with Fatigue and Incidental Finding of Thrombocytopenia

Chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is defined much the same as acute ITP, aside from the duration of thrombocytopenia, which is to exceed 12-month duration, without another identifiable cause. Consideration for underlying etiologies for chronic thrombocytopenia, such as inherited thrombocytopenia disorders, as well as evaluation of secondary causes of ITP, as in immune dysregulation disorders, immunodeficiencies, chronic infections, or autoimmune diseases, should be based on clinical features and family history. In addition to cutaneous bleeding, a clinically significant non-bleeding complaint is fatigue. Treatment options include the same first-line therapies that are utilized in acute ITP, as well as immunomodulatory agents, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), and in some cases splenectomy.