cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability in splanchnic tissue oxygenation during preterm red blood cell transfusion given for symptomatic anaemia may reveal a potential mechanism of transfusion-related acute gut injury.

BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence indicating an association between red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants, especially late-onset NEC. This phenomenon is referred to as transfusion-related acute gut injury (TRAGI). One theory as to a pathophysiological mechanism is that transfusion may result in an ischemia-reperfusion injury to intestinal tissue. We tested the hypothesis that there is significantly greater variability during transfusion in splanchnic tissue oxygen saturation (SrSO2) than in cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (CrSO2). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, observational study using near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor SrSO2 and CrSO2 in preterm neonates undergoing RBC transfusion for symptomatic anaemia. Mean, standard deviation, highest and lowest SrSO2 and CrSO2 values during each transfusion were determined. The greatest difference in SrSO2 and CrSO2 during each transfusion was calculated, along with the coefficient of variation. RESULTS We studied 37 subjects. Throughout all transfusions, the mean SrSO2 was 45.6% ±13.8 and the mean CrSO2 was 65.4% ±6.9 (p<0.001). The variability of SrSO2 was significantly greater than that of CrSO2. Averaging data from all subjects, the greatest difference in SrSO2 was 43.8% ±13.4 compared with 23.3% ±7.6 for CrSO2 (p<0.001). The mean coefficient of variation in all transfusions was 20.5% for SrSO2 and 6.0% for CrSO2 (p<0.001). Increasing post-conceptional age did not affect SrSO2 variability (R(2) =0.022; p=0.379), whereas CrSO2 variability during transfusion decreased with increasing post-conceptional age (R(2)=0.209; p=0.004). DISCUSSION In preterm infants, there is a large degree of tissue oxygenation variability in splanchnic tissue during RBC transfusion and this does not change with increasing maturity. We speculate that these findings, combined with lower average tissue oxygenation, may demonstrate susceptibility of the preterm gut to TRAGI.
High-Pressure Behavior of Solid H 2 , D 2 , He 3 , He 4 , and Ne 20

The failure of the harmonic approximation for the lattice dynamics of solid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ at densities corresponding to pressures below the order of ${10}^{3}$ atm is well known. We present evidence that the equation of state for solid ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ at high densities may, however, be calculated successfully in the harmonic approximation. Equation-of-state curves at high density for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ (all for the fcc phase at $T=0$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) are given and compare well with results from Monte Carlo or cluster-expansion treatments using a Jastrow wave function. The comparison with experiment shows good agreement in the high-density range for ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$. For ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ the theoretical results agree closely with each other at high densities, but not so well with the experimental data of Stewart in that region, suggesting inadequacy either of the potential or of the experimental data. For the Lennard-Jones and Buckingham potentials used for pressures ranging from a few thousand to several million bars the Domb-Salter approximation gives an accurate result for the zero-point energy of the harmonic crystal. Our results lead us to conclude that for good high-density computations the necessary short range correlations are adequately accounted for in the harmonic approximation.
Effects of cobalt on activity of sheep erythropoietin in rat kidney homogenates.

SummaryRat kidney homogenates were found to inactivate sheep erythropoietin. This inactivation was partially prevented by addition of rather high concentrations of cobalt to the kidney suspensions before homogenization. Several dosages of cobalt alone or in combination with a rat kidney homogenate were tested in polycythemic mice and an unusually high dose was required to produce a significant increase in Fe50) incorporation in red cells. The recovery of erythropoietin from normal kidney homogenates was markedly increased by addition of an amount of cobalt which had in itself only a slight erythropoi-etic effect. The mechanism for this effect of cobalt as it relates to a possible antagonism of a renal erythropoietic inhibitory factor is discussed.
Housing Choice Voucher Holders and Neighborhood Crime A Dynamic Panel Analysis from Chicago

It is often alleged that households moving into neighborhoods with the aid of housing choice vouchers (HCVs) raise crime rates there. We use 1999–2008 quarterly data from Chicago census tracts to test this allegation with a dynamic panel model designed to overcome the challenges of omitted variable and endogeneity biases. We find no support for the proposition that growth in HCV holders leads to growth in violent crime rates, regardless of neighborhood context. We find that growth in HCV holders is positively associated with growth in property crime rates, however, in higher poverty neighborhoods or if HCVs exceed a threshold concentration. Language: en
Stereotypes of Black American Women Related to Sexuality and Motherhood.

Intersectionality theorists and researchers suggest the importance of examining unique stereotypes associated with intersecting group identities. We focus on the unique stereotypes of Black women i...
Radical retropubic prostatectomy for cancer: a 20-year experience.

AbstractA review of 159 patients treated by radical retropubic prostatovesiculectomy from 1951 through 1970 has reinforced our belief that this is a satisfactory method of treatment for prostatic cancer confined to the prostate. A 10-year survival of 55 per cent and a 15-year survival of 45 per cent compare well to the results reported for perineal prostatectomy. The postoperative mortality rate was 2.5 per cent and total incontinence was 12.5 per cent after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Completely normal voiding occurred in 108 of the 159 patients. Stress incontinence but no need for an incontinence device occurred in 31 patients. Improved methods for preoperative staging of the disease give promise for even higher cure rates in the future.
A ‘Pink Link’ — Race, Religion and the Anglo-German Cartographic Freemasonry

The use of a pinkish-red hue for Germany is an interesting convention to have adopted, in view of what we know about the associations of blood, energy and Britannia with that most prominent of cartographic shades. It is worth exploring whether there is an intended significance in the same shade of pink on different maps also being used to denote the extent of British power and wealth. In the case of purely political maps the link is a tenuous one at best, despite the significant dynastic and religious links which existed between Britain and Prussia at certain stages during this period.1 Given its status as the most prominent of colours in the British palette (as well as being the most vivid of available inks), the use of pinkish-red was common to denote the chief subject of a given map (for example ‘France’ or ‘European Russia’), and not therefore intended to connote any affinity with Britain or its empire.2 In one cartographic form however, this link was intended and concrete: that curiously nineteenth-century variety of physical geography: the demographic and ethnographic map.
Ronald reagan and “the speech”: The rhetoric of public relations politics

(1968). Ronald reagan and “the speech”: The rhetoric of public relations politics. Western Speech: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 50-58.
Gang Youth and Friendship Networks in California Correctional Facilities: Examining Friendship Structure and Composition for Incarcerated Gang and Non-Gang Youth

This chapter examines the potential differences across egocentric friendship networks of gang and non-gang youth incarcerated in California’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ). This study is a first step in beginning to understand the relationship between peers and institutional misconduct for gang-involved youth since it asks whether or not gang and non-gang youth build different types of friendship groups while incarcerated. These differences highlight the potential for intervention and programming that targets peer group dynamics that may vary between gang and non-gang youth.
Situational Pressures that Influence Firefighters’ Decision Making about Personal Protective Equipment: A Qualitative Analysis

Objectives Firefighters are exposed to hazardous conditions as a result of their occupation and often understand the dangers of these toxic exposures; yet, it remains unclear why some refrain from wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in dangerous situations. We were intrigued by the gap between demonstrated safety knowledge and lack of connection to observed or self-reported safety behaviors, an issue about which there is limited consensus among scholars. Methods In a national study of fire service safety climate, 123 firefighters across 12 fire departments participated in 62 interviews and 10 focus groups. Results Firefighter identity, goal seduction, and situation aversion were the strongest factors of PPE non-compliance, whereas PPE empowerment and individual will promoted PPE use within a fire department. Conclusions Understanding situations where PPE use is both practiced and neglected is imperative to improving fire service safety culture. Peer-pressure and leading by example at the peer and organizational levels appear to be essential considerations firefighters undertake when choosing whether or not to engage in safety behavior.
Cerebellitis and Acute Hydrocephalus

A case of obstructive hydrocephalus and bilateral cerebellitis with swelling in a 14-year-old boy is reported from the Department of Child Health, St George’s Hospital, and the Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology, Atkinson Morley’s Hospital, London, UK.
Rare Decay Searches at the Tevatron

We present the current status of the rare B decay searches B s 0 → μ + μ − , B 0 → μ + μ − , B + → K + μ + μ − , B 0 → K ∗ 0 μ + μ − , and B s 0 → ϕ μ + μ − at the Tevatron.
Calvin's Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church: Christ's Two Kingdoms

In Calvin's Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church, Matthew J. Tuininga explores a little appreciated dimension of John Calvin's political thought, his two kingdoms theology, as a model for constructive Christian participation in liberal society. Widely misunderstood as a proto-political culture warrior, due in part to his often misinterpreted role in controversies over predestination and the heretic Servetus, Calvin articulated a thoughtful approach to public life rooted in his understanding of the gospel and its teaching concerning the kingdom of God. He staked his ministry in Geneva on his commitment to keeping the church distinct from the state, abandoning simplistic approaches that placed one above the other, while rejecting the temptations of sectarianism or separatism. This revealing analysis of Calvin's vision offers timely guidance for Christians seeking a mode of faithful, respectful public engagement in democratic, pluralistic communities today.
Energy Harvesting in Nanonetworks

The goal of this chapter is to review the process, issues, and challenges of energy harvesting in nanonetworks, composed of nanonodes that are nano to micro meters in size. A nanonode consisting of nan-memory, a nano-processor, nano-harvesters, ultra nano-capacitor, and a nano-transceiver harvests the energy required for its operations, such as processing and communication. The energy harvesting process in nanonetworks differs from traditional networks (e.g. wireless sensor networks, RFID) due to their unique characteristics such as nanoscale, communication model, and molecular operating environment. After reviewing the energy harvesting process and sources, we introduce the communication model, which is the main source of energy consumption for nanonodes. This is followed by a discussion on the models for joint energy harvesting and consumption processes. Finally, we describe approaches for optimizing the energy consumption process, which includes optimum data packet design, optimal energy utilization, energy consumption scheduling, and energy-harvesting-aware protocols.
Emerging roles for pharmacists in performance-based risk-sharing arrangements.

The changing landscape of healthcare payment models is providing new opportunities for pharmacists. Traditional models were focused on paying for a product or a service. Evolving models are focused on paying for positive healthcare outcomes. One of the emerging payment models, the performance-based
Influence of Defects on the Spectral and Directional Properties of Quantum-Dot Microdisk Lasers

Microdisk lasers of quantum dots were fabricated with both unintentional defects from fabrication, and intentional defects engineered with controlled size. The effects of the defects on the spectral and directional emissive properties were studied.
Conus Medullaris Syndrome

The conus medullaris is the most caudal portion of the spinal cord. Injury to this portion of the spinal cord causes a unique constellation of symptoms referred to as ‘conus medullaris syndrome.’ This syndrome is defined as bowel and bladder incontinence, erectile dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, and variable degrees of leg weakness. Injury to this area is best evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging; however, these symptoms rarely improve with surgical intervention.
Suppression of Anomalously Large Threshold Voltage in Wafer-Bonded Vertical Transistors by Enhancing Critical Field to Impact Ionization

Impact ionization has been seen to effect pinchoff in wafer-bonded aperture vertical electron transistors (BAVETs) comprising an InGaAs channel wafer-bonded to a III-nitride (III-N) drift region. The InGaAs-III-N junction is referred to as the wafer-bonded interface (WBI). Field plating can work well to manage the peak field and related impact ionization; however, it comes with a tradeoff of increased on-resistance. In this paper, another control knob to breakdown is explored in the critical field ( $\xi _{{\text{CRIT}\_\text{IMPCT}}}$ ) of a BAVET. Investigation focuses on the characteristics of devices that differ in their InAlAs doping profile, namely p-type, unintentional, or a combination of both. These devices are tested for the role of field plate, built-in voltage, and trap behavior on pinchoff. It is shown that the change of doping causes a dramatic change to the trap activity at WBI. These traps ionize and determine $\xi _{{\text{CRIT}\_\text{IMPCT}}}$ as ionization of traps that leads to an early onset of impact ionization in the channel, which weakens pinchoff in a BAVET. Passivating traps is proposed to be a method to improving pinchoff. Trap passivation of WBI is demonstrated if InAlAs is doped p-type rather than unintentionally. A consequent enhancement in pinchoff and breakdown voltage of a BAVET is also reported.
Chronic Pelvic Pain

The evaluation of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) can be challenging for many clinicians and requires an understanding of the interactions between organs of the pelvis, including reproductive, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal as well as psychosocial components associated with chronic pain disorders. It is also important to recognize the role that musculoskeletal structures in the pelvis can contribute to CPP. Treatment should be individualized with best results achieved with a multidisciplinary approach involving behavior and physical therapists and medical therapy. Surgical approaches to CPP can be indicated, especially for structural growths such as endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, and adenomyosis.
Node-Based Distributed Channel Access With Enhanced Delay Characteristics

Recent studies in wireless scheduling have shown that carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) can be made throughput optimal by optimizing over activation rates. However, those throughput optimal CSMA algorithms were found to suffer from poor delay performance, especially at high throughputs where the delay can potentially grow exponentially in the size of the network. Motivated by these shortcomings, in this paper we propose a node-based version of the throughput optimal CSMA (NB-CSMA) as opposed to traditional link-based CSMA algorithms, where links were treated as separate entities. Our algorithm is fully distributed and corresponds to Glauber dynamics with “Block updates”. We show analytically and via simulations that NB-CSMA outperforms conventional link-based CSMA in terms of delay for any fixed-size network. We also characterize the fraction of the capacity region for which the average queue lengths (and the average delay) grow polynomially in the size of the network, for networks with bounded-degree conflict graphs. This fraction is no smaller than the fraction known for link-based CSMA, and is significantly larger for many instances of practical wireless ad-hoc networks. Finally, we restrict our focus to the special case of collocated networks, analyze the mean starvation time using a Markov chain with rewards framework and use the results to quantitatively demonstrate the improvement of NB-CSMA over the baseline link-based algorithm.
Comparative Aspects of “Energy-Linked” Control of Electron Transport in Photosynthetic Systems and Mitochondria

Publisher Summary The concept of acceptor control refers to the regulatory role of adenosine diphosphate as an acceptor of orthophosphate in oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport in photosynthesis is controlled primarily by illumination, but there is increasing evidence for additional metabolic regulation by energy-linked reactions considered to be characteristic of mitochondria. Acceptor control of light-induced electron transport has been demonstrated most clearly in chloroplasts, while light-induced reverse electron transport and changes in the oxidation levels of electron transport components are most apparent in bacterial chromatophores. Thus, while there are marked differences in the electron transport components and pathways of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and chromatophores, experimental studies and theoretical considerations point to certain basic similarities in the mechanism of energy-linked control of respiratory and photosynthetic activities. Several conditions may control rates of electron transport such as the requirement for coupling factors in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacterial chromatophores or the effects of certain ions on electron flow in chloroplasts, chromatophores, and mitochondria.
The Molecular Geomicrobiology of Bacterial Manganese(II) Oxidation

Manganese is the second most abundant transition metal found in the Earth’s crust. It has a significant biological role as it is a cofactor of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and is the key metal in the reaction center of photosystem II. In the environment, manganese is mostly found in three different oxidation states: II, III, and IV. Mn(II), primarily occurring as the soluble Mn2+ species, is the thermodynamically favored state at low pH and Eh while insoluble Mn(III) and Mn(IV) oxides are favored at high pH and Eh. Thus, studies of Mn in the environment have almost always employed this paradigm for defining different Mn phases based on operational definitions: Mn that passes through a 0.2 or 0.4 µm filter is defined as soluble Mn(II) while Mn that is trapped by the filter are the solid phase Mn(III,IV) oxides. Soluble Mn species other than Mn(II) were thought not to be important because Mn(III) ions are not stable in solution and rapidly disproportionate to Mn(II) and Mn(IV). However, recent work on the mechanism of bacterial Mn(II) oxidation has demonstrated that Mn(III) occurs as an intermediate in the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) oxides (Webb et al. 2005b; Parker et al. 2007; Anderson et al. 2009b) and that a variety of inorganic and organic ligands can complex Mn(III) and render it relatively stable in solution. In this article we review these new insights into the molecular mechanism of bacterial Mn(II) oxidation and recent advances in our understanding of Mn(II) oxidation in the environment. The study of the importance of Mn in the environment needs to employ the new paradigm for Mn cycling which takes into account the role of soluble Mn(III) species.
Gendered STEM career choices: Altruistic values, beliefs, and identity

Abstract Female representation remains uneven across STEM fields. Expectancy-Value Theory provides a framework for understanding complexities of STEM career choices; values, as well as gendered beliefs and identity, predict achievement-related behaviors and are associated with STEM gender differences. Specifically, this study aims to understand how altruism and femininity may differentiate membership in STEM fields. The Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study tracked adolescents from 7th grade to age 26. Six cross-sectional sub-samples of participants associated with STEM outcomes were used. We found altruism partially accounted for gender discrepancies between STEM disciplines; gender, altruism, and femininity predicted towards life sciences and away from physical sciences. Altruism mediated the relationship between femininity and STEM choice and was substantially more predictive than self-concept of ability. This study highlights the importance of values and offers evidence that STEM career trajectories may be influenced by congruency between values, identity, and gendered beliefs about STEM fields.
Synopsis of Schizopteridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Dipsocoromorpha) from the United States, with description of seven new species from the US and Mexico.

Because species diversity of the small true bug family Schizopteridae is greatest in tropical and subtropical areas, it is not surprising that only four species have been described from the United States. As part of a larger project on the taxonomy and phylogenetics of Schizopteridae, 178 specimens from the United States were examined. This material contained representatives of the previously described species Glyptocombussaltator Heidemann, 1906, Corixideamajor McAtee & Malloch, 1925, Nannocorisarenarius Blatchley, 1926, and Schizopterabispina McAtee & Malloch, 1925, but also six undescribed species. These new taxa are described as Glyptocombushalbertaesp. n., Glyptocombussuterisp. n., Nannocorisanophorussp. n., Nannocorisbrevipilussp. n., Schizoptera (Cantharocoris) rileyisp. n., and Schizoptera (Schizoptera) henryisp. n. Habitus images and genitalic illustrations of the previously described and the new species are provided as well as a map showing distribution ranges of these species in the United States and Mexico. To provide a comprehensive treatment of the small genus Glyptocombus Heidemann, 1906, Glyptocombusmexicanussp. n. is also described that, to our knowledge, occurs only in Mexico, and the female of one additional undescribed Glyptocombus species is documented from Mexico.
Future Trends in Laser Medicine

Lasers could come to occupy a unique and very important position in the armament of medicine. They are the brightest known sources of light (man made or natural) on earth and as such can have extremely powerful effect on biological systems. Lasers are to other sources of light as music is to noise. The uniqueness of lasers derives from a number of special properties, viz., high intensity, coherence (which permits focusing to a spot size of one micrometer or less), collimation, extreme monochromaticity, and the ability to be delivered in very brief pulses. These collective properties can cause unique alterations of biological materials.
Decay of /sup 180/Re: Search for octupole states in /sup 180/W

Study of the decay of 2.45-min $^{180}\mathrm{Re}$ leads to the observation of about 90 $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and a number of new levels in $^{180}\mathrm{W}$. Spins and parties of many of the levels observed are determined using the $log\mathrm{ft}$ values of positron population and/or the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray depopulation. The allowed unhindered decay from the ${(\ensuremath{\pi}\frac{5}{{2}^{+}}[402\ensuremath{\uparrow}]\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}\frac{7}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}[514\ensuremath{\downarrow}])}_{1\ensuremath{-}}$ $^{180}\mathrm{Re}$ ground state indicates fragmentation of the ${(\ensuremath{\pi}\frac{5}{{2}^{+}}[402\ensuremath{\uparrow}]\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}\frac{9}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}[514\ensuremath{\uparrow}])}_{2\ensuremath{-}}$ configuration among a number of ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states in $^{180}\mathrm{W}$. We find tentative observation of the $K={1}^{\ensuremath{-}} \mathrm{and} {0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ components of the octupole vibration. This would establish the excitation energy of all four expected octupole components in $^{180}\mathrm{W}$.RADIOACTIVITY $^{180}\mathrm{Re}$ [from $^{182}\mathrm{W}$($p$,$3n$) natural targets]; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coinc.; deduced $log\mathrm{ft}$; $^{108}\mathrm{W}$ deduced levels $E$, $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$.
The Information Cycle and Biological Information Management

The self-referential appraisal of information characterizes cells of all types whether they are prokaryotic bacteria or individual eukaryotic cells (Shapiro 2011; Trewavas and Baluska 2011; Miller 2013). Plainly then, the manner in which cellular organisms retrieve, assess, and deploy information to maintain homeostasis or to communicate with other organisms unites the organizational structure that exists among all living organisms (Trewavas and Baluska 2011; Gamow 1955). It follows that these are linked and complex actions which require systematic ordering. Plainly then, any such ordering function must be under the control of a form of systematic information management. Every aspect of cellular life is directed toward information assessment and cell–cell communications to support homeostatic equipoise. It can be asserted that the exquisite coordination that cells exhibit in these tasks requires the presence of an information management apparatus (Miller 2017; Miller et al. 2019).
Flap Principles Applied to Lower Extremity Reconstruction

Lower extremity reconstruction is unique in that there is high variability in tissue types and demands throughout the leg. Many soft tissue defects will involve concomitant bony injury, so an orthoplastic approach is required. Once it is determined that flap reconstruction is required, there are three main considerations:
Long-term visual outcomes of endophthalmitis and the role of systemic steroids in addition to intravitreal dexamethasone

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of systemic steroids in post-procedural endophthalmitis as the role of intravitreal steroids in treatment algorithms of endophthalmitis remain controversial. This is a retrospective analysis from a single tertiary referral center of all patients older than 18 years old that developed presumed post-procedure endophthalmitis and were treated at our center from 2009 to 2018. Eighty-three patients were followed after being treated for post-procedural endophthalmitis that either received systemic steroids or did not around the time of diagnosis. Almost 30 % of all patients regained a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, while 31.2% had poor visual outcomes of count fingers or worse. Non-clearing debris was the most significant long-term complication. Visual improvement plateaued in 67.7% by 1 month after diagnosis and initial treatment in both groups. There was no difference in visual outcomes when comparing the sixteen patients that received systemic steroids and the sixty-seven that did not; however, no enucleation or evisceration was required in patients receiving systemic steroids. Five patients that did not receive systemic steroids required an enucleation or evisceration due to a blind, painful eye. The use of systemic steroids does not seem to worsen long-term outcomes of endophthalmitis compared to those patients that did not receive them and they may prove beneficial in the most severe cases by reducing the risk of losing the globe altogether.
Broadcast Dimension of Graphs.

In this paper we initiate the study of broadcast dimension, a variant of metric dimension. Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$, and let $d(u,w)$ denote the length of a $u-w$ geodesic in $G$. For $k \ge 1$, let $d_k(x,y)=\min \{d(x,y), k+1\}$. A function $f: V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^+ \cup \{0\}$ is called a resolving broadcast of $G$ if, for any distinct $x,y \in V(G)$, there exists a vertex $z \in V(G)$ such that $f(z)=i>0$ and $d_{i}(x,z) \neq d_{i}(y,z)$. The broadcast dimension, $bdim(G)$, of $G$ is the minimum of $c_f(G)=\sum_{v \in V(G)} f(v)$ over all resolving broadcasts of $G$, where $c_f(G)$ can be viewed as the total cost of the transmitters (of various strength) used in resolving the entire network described by the graph $G$. Note that $bdim(G)$ reduces to $adim(G)$ (the adjacency dimension of $G$, introduced by Jannesari and Omoomi in 2012) if the codomain of resolving broadcasts is restricted to $\{0,1\}$. We determine its value for cycles, paths, and other families of graphs. We prove that $bdim(G) = \Omega(\log{n})$ for all graphs $G$ of order $n$, and that the result is sharp up to a constant factor. We show that $\frac{adim(G)}{bdim(G)}$ and $\frac{bdim(G)}{dim(G)}$ can both be arbitrarily large, where $dim(G)$ denotes the metric dimension of $G$. We also examine the effect of vertex deletion on the adjacency dimension and the broadcast dimension of graphs.
Heyde's Syndrome Complicating Management in a Patient With High Bleeding and Thrombotic Risks.

The association of severe aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a well-known phenomenon. The pathogenesis involves an acquired deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF) due to shear stress resulting in alteration of vWF morphology. This results in in-appropriate cleavage of vWF multimers into smaller dysfunctional fragments. Patients with atrial fibrillation and high thrombotic risk require anticoagulation for stroke prophylaxis. We describe a case of severe intermittent GI bleeding in a patient with atrial fibrillation while being on warfarin and other novel anticoagulants. This case highlights the role of severe aortic stenosis and resultant acquired vWF deficiency in complicating decision making in patients with a need for anticoagulation due to high thrombotic risk.
Community pharmacists' lack of knowledge and confidence in non-prescription cannabidiol products.

Abstract Background Non-prescription cannabidiol (CBD) products have recently been available in community pharmacies. However, there is only limited data to support its use, placing community pharmacists in a challenging position to provide evidence-based information to patients. Objective The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, experience, and confidence of non-prescription CBD products among community pharmacists. Methods A 38-question pen-and-paper survey pertaining to knowledge, experience, and confidence of non-prescription CBD products was administered to community pharmacists in the California Bay Area. Inclusion criteria consisted of registered pharmacists at community pharmacies during regular business hours. Participants were excluded if they were under 18 years old or unwilling to participate. Results Of 128 pharmacists, 103 took part and completed the survey (response rate 80.4%). The majority (78.5%) were unable to answer at least 80% of the non-prescription CBD knowledge-based questions. Over 50% have received patient questions and 20.4% recommended non-prescription CBD products in the last 12 months. More than half were “not confident” answering questions about non-prescription CBD products, and 14.5% received formal training on the topic. Conclusion Despite patients commonly asking about non-prescription CBD products, the majority of pharmacists lack clinical knowledge and confidence on the topic. There is a need to provide formal training and educational resources on non-prescription CBD products.
Existence of a unique solution to an elliptic partial differential equation when the average value is known

The purpose of this paper is to prove the existence of a unique classical solution $u(\bf{x})$ to the quasilinear elliptic partial differential equation $\nabla \cdot(a(u) \nabla u) = f$ for $\bf{x} \in \Omega$, which satisfies the condition that the average value $\frac{1}{|\Omega|}\int_{\Omega} u d\bf{x} = u_0$, where $u_0$ is a given constant and $\frac{1}{|\Omega|}\int_{\Omega} f d\bf{x} = 0$. Periodic boundary conditions will be used. That is, we choose for our spatial domain the N-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^N$, where $N = 2$ or $N = 3$. The key to the proof lies in obtaining a priori estimates for $u$.
Intermediate versus standard dose heparin prophylaxis in COVID-19 ICU patients: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Elevated VTE rates have been reported in COVID-19 patients [1,2]. Although ICU patients in general have an elevated VTE risk [3] we recently reported a higher incidence of VTE in ICU compared to ward patients with COVID-19 [4]. As the optimal approach for thromboprophylaxis is unknown, we implemented intermediate dose anticoagulation in COVID-19 ICU patients. We hypothesized that intermediate dose heparin prophylaxis would be associated with lower incidences of symptomatic VTE, death, or a composite outcome of both in COVID-19 ICU patients.
Tertiary learning advisors in Aotearoa/New Zealand- Part 4: Appendices

This appendix includes data tables for 2018 Special Edition on “Tertiary Learning Advisors in Aotearoa New Zealand”, together with additional details not included in Parts one (“Building a profile of our profession”), two (“Acknowledging our contribution”) and three (“Why do we stay? Rewards & challenges”)’.
Abstract P194: Voluntary Exercise Eliminates Maternal Gestational Hypertension-induced Hypertensive Response Sensitization (htrs) In Post-weaning High Fat Diet Fed Male Adult Offspring

Exercise has profound effects on cardiovascular function and metabolism in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Our previous studies demonstrated that maternal gestational hypertension...
Harmonizing Case Retrieval and Adaptation with Alternating Optimization.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) research has developed numerous methods for learning to improve case retrieval and adaptation knowledge. Learning for each type of knowledge is usually pursued independently. However, it is well known that the knowledge containers of CBR are tightly coupled, in that changes in one can affect requirements for another, which suggests potential benefit for coupling learning across knowledge containers. This paper proposes applying alternative optimization to learn retrieval and adaptation knowledge together, in order to harmonize their behaviors. For a testbed system using neural network based similarity and adaptation, this study compares alternative optimization, independent learning, and learning by prioritizing adaptation for adaptation-guided retrieval. Results support that alternative optimization can help to balance both components and achieve good performance.
A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad

Based on extensive scrutiny of primary sources from Nazi and Jihadist ideologues, David Patterson argues that Jihadist anti-Semitism stems from Nazi ideology. This book challenges the idea that Jihadist anti-Semitism has medieval roots, identifying its distinctively modern characteristics and tracing interconnections that link the Nazis to the Muslim Brotherhood to the PLO, Fatah, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda, the Sudan, the Iranian Islamic Republic, and other groups with an anti-Semitic worldview. Based on his close reading of numerous Jihadist texts, Patterson critiques their antisemitic teachings and affirms the importance of Jewish teaching, concluding that humanity needs the very Jewish teaching and testimony that the Jihadists advocate destroying.
Characterization of Recombinant REGα, REGβ, and REGγ Proteasome Activators *

Full-length cDNAs for three human proteasome activator subunits, called REGα, REGβ, and REGγ, have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant proteins have been characterized. Recombinant α or γ subunits form heptameric species; recombinant β subunits are found largely as monomers or small multimers. Each recombinant REG stimulates cleavage of fluorogenic peptides by human red cell proteasomes. The pattern of activated peptide hydrolysis is virtually identical for REGα and REGβ. These two subunits, alone or in combination, stimulate cleavage after basic, acidic, and most hydrophobic residues in many peptides. Recombinant α and β subunits bind each other with high affinity, and the REGα/β heteromeric complex activates hydrolysis of LLVY-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (LLVY-MCA) and LLE-β-nitroanilide (LLE-βNA) more than REGα or REGβ alone. Using filter binding and gel filtration assays, recombinant REGγ subunits were shown to bind themselves but not α or β subunits. REGγ differs from REGα and REGβ in that it markedly stimulates hydrolysis of peptides with basic residues in the P1 position but only modestly activates cleavage of LLVY-MCA or LLE-βNA by the proteasome. REGγ binds the proteasome with higher affinity than REGα or REGβ yet with lower affinity than complexes containing both REGα and REGβ. In summary, each of the three REG homologs is a proteasome activator with unique biochemical properties.
The Achilles Heel of India’s High-Tech Future

Ten thousand American expatriates are now working in India for hightech companies. Infosys and Tata Consultancy Services, the Indian high-tech giants, will together hire and train more than 50,000 college graduates from abroad, including more than 1,000 from the United States, in the coming year.
FINSLERIAN QUANTUM FIELDS AND MICROCAUSALITY

Microcausality is addressed for a class of Finslerian quantum fields in Minkowski spacetime by the calculation of the appropriate field commutators. It is demonstrated that, provided the adjoint field is consistently generalized, the necessary commutators are vanishing, and the field is microcausal. There are, however, Planck-scale modifications of the causal domain, but they only become significant for extremely large relative four-velocities at the separated spacetime points. For vanishing relative four-velocities, the causal domain is canonical.
Designing communication and learning environments

An organized introduction to the conceptual foundations, design elements, and various media support technologies to consider when designing, remodeling, or simply choosing work and learning facilities. Case studies, including b&w photographs, present successful facilities and explain why they work.
The Pernicious Influence of Mathematics on Science

I wish to make use of the license permitted to a lay speaker, in two regards: in the first place, to confine myself to the negative aspects of this role, leaving it to others to dwell on the amazing triumphs of the mathematical method; in the second place, to comment not only on physical science but also on social science, in which the characteristic inadequacies which I wish to discuss are more readily apparent.
Revisiting the recent California drought as an extreme value

Spatially weighted averages of Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over central and southern California show that the 1 year 2014 drought was not as severe as previously reported, but it still is the most severe in the 1895–2014 instrumental record. Using the typical adjustment procedure that matches the mean and standard deviation of tree ring PDSI values to those of instrumental data shows over 10 droughts from 800 to 2006 that were more severe than the 1 year 2014 drought, with the 2014 drought having a return period of 140–180 years. Quantile mapping allows for a closer correspondence between instrumental and tree ring PDSI probability distributions and produces return periods of 700–900 years for the 1 year 2014 drought. Associated cumulative 3 and 4 year droughts, however, are estimated to be much more severe. The 2012–2014 drought is nearly a 10,000 year event, while the 2012–2015 drought has an almost incalculable return period and is completely without precedent.
Observations on Dental Caries in Primary Teeth After Frequent Fluoride Toplications in a Program Involving Other Preventives

The anticaries effect of repeated toplications with APF gel was assessed in the primary dentition of 2-6-year-olds after 8, 18 and 28 months. Frequent, but less than daily, topical fluoride therapy appeared to have little effect in pre-school children consuming water-borne fluoride and receiving other traditionally recommended modalities of prevention.
The association of gender, sibling network composition, and patterns of parent care by adult children.

Based on matched data from the 1982 National Long-Term Care Survey and the National Survey of Informal Caregivers, this article explores the degree to which separating adult children (N = 3,742) by the composition of their sibling network (i.e., only children, single-gender networks, and mixed-gender networks) provides insight into the association between gender and patterns of parent-care. Caregiving participation was calculated as a proportion of the availability of all children of a specific gender. The data reveal that, within all sibling network categories, daughters were more likely than sons to be providing care to an impaired parent; however, the repercussions of being a caregiver were not similarly uniform. Specifically, sons and daughters from only-child and single-gender networks reported a similar number of hours per day spent in parent-care and experienced comparable levels of stress and burden. In contrast, daughters from mixed-gender networks reported significantly higher levels of stress a...
The equiangular spiral antenna at low frequencies

The effect of the geometry of the equiangular spiral antenna on the lower cutoff frequency of operation is studied using the finite-difference time-domain method. Graphs are provided that allow calculation of the cutoff frequency from the desired performance and geometry. Additionally, the patterns of the antennas at cutoff are shown. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 536–540, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24092
“Natural Highs” in an Historical and Biological Context

Historical and contemporary patterns of substance use and abuse are recognized, and the error in believing psychoactive natural substances to be reasonably safe is pointed out. The plethora of lite...
Reasoning, cognitive control, and moral intuition.

Recent “Social Intuitionist” work suggests that moral judgments are intuitive (not based on conscious deliberation or any significant chain of inference), and that the reasons we produce to explain or justify our judgments and actions are for the most part post hoc rationalizations rather than the actual source of those judgments. This is consistent with work on judgment and explanation in other domains, and it correctly challenges one-sidedly “rationalistic” accounts. We suggest that in fact reasoning has a great deal of influence on moral judgments and on intuitive judgments in general. This influence is not apparent from study of judgments simply in their immediate context, but it is crucial for the question of how cognition can help us avoid deleterious effects and enhance potentially beneficial effects of affect on judgment, action, and cognition itself. We begin with established work on several reactive strategies for cognitive control of affect (e.g., suppression, reappraisal), then give special attention to more complex sorts of conflict (“extended deliberation”) involving multiple interacting factors, both affective and reflective. These situations are especially difficult to study in a controlled way, but we propose some possible experimental approaches. We then review proactive strategies for control, including “avoidance of temptation” and mindfulness meditation (Froeliger, et al, 2012, This Issue). We give special attention to the role of slow or “cool” cognitive processes (e.g., deliberation, planning, executive control) in the inculcation of long-term dispositions, traits, intuitions, skills or habits. The latter are critical because they in turn give rise to a great many of our fast, intuitive judgments. The reasoning processes involved here are distinct from post hoc rationalizations and have a very real impact on countless intuitive judgments in concrete situations. This calls for a substantial enlargement of research on cognitive control.
Predictions for p+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5 TeV : Expectations vs. data

Recently a compilation of predictions for charged hadron, identified light hadron, quarkonium, photon, jet and gauge boson production in p+Pbp+Pb collisions at sNN=5 TeV was made available [1]. Here the predictions are compared to the data so far available.
Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment may improve quality of life and cognitive function in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Medical, psychological, and social adaptation (quality of life) as well as cognitive function were studied in 15 chronic stable hemodialysis patients before the onset of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO), 1 month after stabilization of normal hematocrit levels, and 10 to 15 months after treatment onset. After r-HuEPO treatment, subjects had significantly higher hematocrits, markedly improved energy levels, and marginally improved global health. r-HuEPO treatment was also associated with progressively decreased levels of subject mood disturbance and dialysis-related stresses. Subjects had no Increased participation in paid employment and only minimally increased participation in social and leisure activities at posttreatment data points. There was no significant improvement in cognitive function after treatment. r-HuEPO treatment appears to be associated with higher energy levels, significant psychological benefits, and minimal improvements in social adaptation. The effects on cognitive function merit further study.
Flavour discrimination: An extension of thurstonian ‘Paradoxes’ to the tetrad method

Abstract The paradox of discriminatory nondiscrinators, whereby subjects discriminate stimuli better in a triadic test when the instructions specify the attribute that is changing, was confirmed for a multisensory food stimulus, chocolate pudding. Further untested predictions were confirmed regarding attribute specification for tetradic tests. As predicted, tetrads were not like triads; specifying the attribute did not elicit better discrimination.
Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly

Presents information on a study which analyzed the prevalence of commodity bundling as a marketing strategy. Cost savings in production, transactions and information associated with commodity bundling; Characteristics of commodity bundling; Problems associated with convention price discrimination that can overcome by commodity bundling; Conclusions. (Из Ebsco)