cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The clinical and immunopathological manifestations of anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid, a recently defined subepithelial autoimmune blistering disease

Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a rare, acquired, autoimmune, subepithelial blistering disease. It primarily affects mucous membranes but it also may involve the skin. Morbidity is associated with the propensity for scar formation and may be especially severe when mucosal surfaces such as the conjunctivae, larynx, esophagus, or urethra are involved. On direct immunofluorescence microscopy, CP is characterized by the linear deposition of immunoreactants, principally IgG and C3, along epithelial basement membranes. Over the last 10 years, studies in a number of laboratories have shown that circulating autoantibodies in patients with CP may target one of several different autoantigens. One subset of patients with the CP-phenotype have IgG anti-basement membrane autoantibodies against laminin 5 (alpha3beta3gamma2) (i.e., patients with anti-epiligrin CP [AECP]). This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of CP and emphasizes salient features of AECP pathophysiology.
Robust Ground Plane Detection with Normalized Homography in Monocular Sequences from a Robot Platform

We present a homography-based approach to detect the ground plane from monocular sequences captured by a robot platform. By assuming that the camera is fixed on the robot platform and can at most rotate horizontally, we derive the constraints that the homograph of the ground plane must satisfy and then use these constraints to design algorithms for detecting the ground plane. Due to the reduced degree of freedom, the resultant algorithm is not only more efficient and robust, but also able to avoid false detection due to virtual planes. We present experiments with real data from a robot platform to validate the proposed approaches.
Becoming data-savvy in a big-data world

Plant biology is becoming a data-driven science. High-throughput technologies generate data quickly from molecular to ecosystem levels. Statistical and computational approaches enable describing and interpreting data quantitatively. We highlight the purpose, common problems, and general principles in data analysis. We use RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis to illustrate the rationale behind some of the choices made in statistical data analysis. Finally, we provide a list of free online resources that emphasize intuition behind quantitative data analysis.
Representation of Lexical Form: Evidence from Studies of Sublexical Ambiguity.

The authors examined the role of intermediate, sublexical representations in spoken word perception. In particular, they tested whether flaps, which are neutralized allophones of intervocalic /t/s and /d/s, map onto their underlying phonemic counterparts. In 2 shadowing tasks, the authors found that flaps primed their carefully articulated counterparts, and vice versa. Because none of the flapped stimuli were lexically ambiguous (e.g., between rater and raider), these results provide evidence that such priming is sublexically mediated. Therefore, the current study provides further insights into when underlying form-based representations are activated during spoken word processing. In particular, the authors argue that phonological ambiguity, inherent in their flapped stimuli, is one of the conditions leading to the activation of underlying representations.
Non-destructive and laboratory diagnostic study on the mosaic of the crypt of St. Nicholas (Bari, Italy)

The crypt of St. Nicholas in Bari, Southern Italy, is a building of cultural worldwide importance. Inside the crypt a mosaic develops on the apsidal floor and along a parietal seat placed along the apsidal masonry, in the form of cladding. A surviving portion of the mosaic pavement is also preserved in the right lateral chapel. Integrated non-destructive survey and laboratory analyses were undertaken for the diagnostic study of the mosaic. GPR prospection was successfully applied to the study of its conservation state, that is strictly related to the condition of the subsoil, in particular to the presence and distribution of water. The presence of water, whose rise interests also some portions of the masonry and water content distribution were identified by the results of electromagnetic wave velocity analysis in GPR data. The decay visible on the tesserae evidenced widespread spalling and crumbling as typical forms that selectively affect the different materials of the tesserae of the mosaic. Samples taken from them were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses, in order to identify the constituent materials and the products of their decay. The application of the integrated methodologies showed its effectiveness in order to acquire a quite complete knowledge for diagnostic purpose. Decay appeared to be due to the combined presence of water and soluble salts and it has different effects depending on the materials characteristics.
A computational study to investigate the effects of the bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer interface in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Abstract In this study, a multi-phase, two-dimensional model that integrates the bipolar plate (BP) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) interfacial morphology was developed to understand the effects of this interface on mass, charge and heat transport and performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Two different case studies were performed. The first case assumes a perfect contact interface between the BP and GDL, whereas in the second case, the BP|GDL interfacial layer was incorporated as a separate domain based on the measured BP|GDL morphology. In the BP|GDL interface case, the interfacial voids were assumed to be filled with liquid water to investigate the role of the interfacial voids. For both cases, the effects of different current densities on the in-plane temperature, saturation, and oxygen concentration distribution in the GDL were investigated. Simulations indicate that the Ohmic and concentration losses are increased due to the inclusion of the realistic BP|GDL interface. The electrical contact resistance contribution of the BP|GDL interface was predicted to be 3.8 mΩcm 2 . The saturation in the GDL was found to be higher for the BP|GDL interface case, which results in higher concentration losses. The temperature was predicted to be slightly higher for the BP|GDL interface case, which could be attributed to the higher thermal contact resistance due to the fewer contact regions at the interface.
Earthen masonry dwelling structures for extreme wind loads

Abstract Earthen masonry made of compressed and stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) is emerging as a sustainable and locally appropriate construction material for affordable high-quality dwellings. Compelling features include the local availability and affordability of suitable soils, thermal insulation and humidity control properties, and small embodied energy compared with fired clay masonry. The mechanical properties of CSEBs have been the subject of several investigations. However, the research on the response and design optimization of CSEB masonry building structures is in its infancy, and a significant knowledge and technological gap exists with regard to resistance to extreme loads due to natural hazards (e.g., high winds and earthquakes). It is necessary to address this gap to understand whether engineered earth masonry can be enlisted to respond to the growing demand for hazard-resistant dwellings that are also affordable and sustainable. This paper discusses the feasibility of using earth masonry in low-rise dwelling structures to withstand extreme winds. Hurricanes and tornadoes periodically scourge vast areas in Central and North America and the Caribbean where low-income families live, and where the demand for sustainable construction meets that for structural resistance and affordability. Feasibility is studied based on the structural analysis of the main wind force resisting system (MWFRS) of a typical one-story single-family dwelling subject to wind pressures resulting from 3-s gust speeds up to 90 m/s (324 km/h). The output consists of parametric curves that relate wind speed with masonry compressive, tensile and shear strength demand for wall thicknesses ranging from 203 to 508 mm. The structural adequacy of the MWFRS is assessed for the cases of flat and 15° gable roof. The design implications are discussed vis-a-vis strength reduction factors and design strength demands, and sustainable reinforcement options. It is concluded that it is feasible to design one-story CSEB masonry dwellings that can withstand winds loads from Category 4 hurricanes and EF3 tornadoes, provided that a rigid horizontal diaphragm is used. Grouted steel reinforcement may be used in safety shelter CSEB masonry structures to be designed for more extreme wind loads.
Households and Farm Establishments in the 1980s: Implications for Data

This paper relates to three issues. First is Bonnen's conclusion that the inadequacy of our "information processing" is primarily a design and conceptual problem stemming from the ways that " . . . data are collected, analyzed and acted upon by decision makers" (Bonnen 1975, pp. 754, 761). Second is Upchurch's 1974 reiteration of an earlier challenge by Trelogan for economists to be "involved in the process of developing a better system of data for the food and fiber industry." Third is the author's frustrations in using available data and information to appraise changes in resource organization and management in U.S. farming. This paper describes a way to think about the farming subsector of agriculture in terms of households as well as establishments. It suggests, in turn, a conceptual framework for the collection of related data and information.
The home situation and the homosexual.

This article is concerned with the home situation of the homosexual, as a part of the process which develops homosexuality. An exploratory study was conducted in San Francisco on a sample of the homosexual population. Three hypotheses were examined: there is a positive relationship between the incidence of homosexuality and the unhappy childhood of the homosexual at home; there is a positive relationship between the confusion in sexual role‐playing in early ages, and homosexual behavior; and there is a positive relationship between the presence of homosexual family members and the development of new homosexuals. The data were collected in recorded interviews. Fingings tended to suport the first hypothesis, but did not support the second and third hypothesis.
Time-dependent density functional methods for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies

Abstract This paper describes the development and use of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods for determining surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra, with emphasis on pyridine interacting with a 20 atom silver cluster as a model of a molecule/nanoparticle system of interest to SERS. The calculations use a new implementation of a TDDFT linear response module in a locally modified version of NWChem for the TDDFT calculations. This code enables us to explore the influence of basis set effects and different choices of density functionals on the Raman spectra, including studies of correlation-consistent basis sets, and of hybrid density functionals. Previous work had employed the BP non-hybrid GGA functional, which works already quite well. Hybrid-GGA functionals such as B3LYP are better at reproducing the experimental spectra of the pyridine silver complex. However for relatively inexpensive calculations, the combination of BP with the DZVP basis set is able to provide semi-quantitative accuracy at reasonable cost, especially in conjunction with an appropriate pseudopotential for the silver atom.
Conceptualizing Mentor Knowledge: Learning from the Insiders.

Abstract This study addresses the question: What constitutes mentors’ knowledge? What guides their actions with novices, and how does that shape their use of mentoring knowledge? We addressed these questions by forming conversation groups of 17 urban mentors who met over 6 months. Recursive review of transcripts and observations reveal three findings: mentors focus on which candidates should become teachers, on how pupils’ learning is central, and on how mentors and novices can perceive of teaching as a collective responsibility. We connect mentors’ knowledge to current teacher education reform efforts, and discuss the significance.
Manufacturing System Robustness Through Integrated Modeling

Robust design techniques are often applied to the design of manufacturing processes to determine the most robust operating points for a production system. However, such efforts have traditionally been focused on treating the output of each manufacturing operation in isolation. This approach ignores the fact that the sensitivity of each operation to input variation is a function of the operating point, which can only be changed in conjunction with the operating points of all other operations in that system. As such, applying robust design to each operation within a system individually does not guarantee lowest end-of-line variation. This is contrary to commonly held beliefs. What is needed instead is a method for conducting a system-wide parameter design where the operating points of each operation are optimized as a complete set to reduce final product variation. The logistics of such an integrated parameter design scheme become difficult or impossible on processes that may occur in different geographical locations. In this paper we outline the use of mathematical models to conduct system-wide parameter design. We demonstrate this technique on a model of a sheet stretch-forming manufacturing system. Through this example, we show that selecting operating points while considering the entire system results in a greater reduction in variation than Taguchi-style robust design conducted independently on each of the operations within the system.
Light promotes regeneration and functional recovery and alters the immune response after spinal cord injury

Center for Devices and Radiological Health, ElectroOptics Branch, Food and Drug Administration, HFZ-134,Rockville, Maryland 20857Background and Objectives: Photobiomodulation(PBM) has been proposed as a potential therapy for spinalcord injury (SCI). We aimed to demonstrate that 810 nmlight can penetrate deep into the body and promoteneuronal regeneration and functional recovery.Study Design/Materials and Methods: Adult ratsunderwent a T9 dorsal hemisection, followed by treatmentwithan810nm,150mWdiodelaser(dosage¼1,589J/cm
Three-photon absorbing materials: characterization and applications

Recent successes in developing two-photon absorption (2PA) materials and applications have now created significant interest in exploring three-photon absorption (3PA) based novel optical materials and new applications. 3PA-based techniques may exhibit two major advantages: (1) much longer IR wavelengths (1.2-1.7 μm) can be used, and (2) much better beam confinement (resolution) can be achieved owing to the cubic dependence of nonlinear absorption on the local intensity of the excitation IR light. We have demonstrated efficient three-photon excitation in a number of nonlinear organic materials developed at our Institute or in cooperation with other research groups. The 3PA capability of a given material can be estimated by measuring the 3PA coefficient (or cross-section) at a given excitation wavelength or as a function of the wavelength. The 3PA-active materials can be either highly fluorescent or non-fluorescent. Potential applications of novel and highly efficient three-photon absorbing materials include (i) three-photon pumped (3PP) and frequency upconverted lasing, (ii) 3PA-based optical power limiting and stabilization, (iii) 3PA-based bio-imaging via IR to visible conversion, and (iv) 3PA-associated 3D data storage and microfabrication. Some recent experimental results of 3PP lasing as well as 3PA-based power limiting are briefly presented.
Photopumping of a C iii ultraviolet laser by Mn vi line radiation

Multiple-pass gain is reported at 2177 and 2163 A\r{} in C iii ions in a vacuum-arc discharge, pumped by Mn vi line radiation from a laser-produced Mn plasma. These Be-like uv lasers pumped by resonant photoexcitation are prototypes for soft x-ray lasers in higher-Z, isoelectronic analogs.
DISHONOR: RACE, SEX, AND POWER IN JIM JONES’ PEOPLES TEMPLE

Dishonor: Race, Sex and Power in Jim Jones' Peoples Temple This essay examines abusive religious power of Jim Jones in the Peoples Temple/Jonestown. The work also explores the psychology of cult phenomonon and trauma experienced by Peoples Temple/Jonestown members and their family members. Narrative will be used as a means to grasp a deeper understanding of the attraction to Peoples Temple/Jonestown and Cults more broadly.
Statistical Decline Curve Analysis

The best hyberbolic curve is numerically fit to production decline data from selected oil wells. A non-linear optimization computer program finds the three best values of the general hyperbolic parameters using least squares regression. By using weighted residuals better history matching is obtained than with previous least squares methods. The future rate-time behavior of a well with only a few months of production is predicted by an analogy with other similar wells. This production extrapolation method is superior to graphical or type curve procedures since it does not require engineering judgement until the unbiased curve fit has been calculated from observed production data. The program calculates consistent results based only on production values. 10 refs.
The path of carbon in photosynthesis. XIX. The identification of sucrose phosphate in sugar beet leaves.

Abstract The recognition and characterization of a sucrose phosphate as an intermediate in sucrose synthesis by green plants is described. A tentative structure for this phosphate is proposed and its mode of formation suggested.
Effects of Crystallographic Texture on the Acoustoelastic Coefficients of Polycrystals

Abstract Herein We Review Some Recent Progress In Delineating Quantitatively The Effects Of Crystallographic Texture On The Acoustoelastic Coefficients Of Polycrystals. A General Constitutive Equation In Acoustoelasticity Has Been Derived For Weakly-Textured Orthorhombic Aggregates Of Cubic Crystallites. Besides The Initial Stress, This Constitutive Equation Contains Seven Texture Coefficients And Twelve Material Constants. Two Micromechanical Models Are Currently Available To Estimate These Material Constants From The Second-Order And Third-Order Elastic Constants Of The Constituting Crystallites. The Predicted Values Of Two Rayleigh-Wave Acoustoelastic Coefficients Are InGood Agreement With The Results Of Measurements On Two Samples Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy.
Balancing rejection and infection with respect to age, race, and gender: clues acquired from 17 years of cardiac transplantation data.

Background Donor and recipient risk factors for rejection and infection have been well characterized. The contribution of demographic factors, especially age at the time of transplantation to morbidity and mortality due to rejection and infection, is much less well understood. Methods Using parametric hazard analysis and multivariate risk-factor equations for infection and rejection events, we quantitatively determined the relationship of fundamental demographic variables (age, race and gender) to infection and rejection. These analyses were conducted with respect to date of transplant and age at the time of transplantation. The patient group consisted of all primary heart transplants performed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the years 1990 to 2007 ( n = 526). Results Risk factors for rejection within 12 months post-transplantation were date of transplant ( p p p p Conclusions These data show that evolving immunosuppressive strategies have successfully reduced rejection and infection frequencies, and those patients transplanted at 30 to 60 years of age have the lowest frequency of rejection/infection events. However, individuals transplanted at younger or older ages, especially non-white recipients in the 10- to 30-year age group, experience significantly more infection or rejection. Therefore, programs should increase the level of surveillance in these patients and consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens in order to lower the frequency of infection and rejection events.
Interaction between Fatty Acids and Calcite in Seawater1

Dissolved fatty acids in saline solution and natural seawater are removed by calcite particles. The amount removed is directly related to the initial acid concentration. These compounds may contribute to the natural organic coating of carbonate minerals in the oceans and may interfere with carbonate solution equilibria in seawater. A new method permits the analysis of specific organic acids in the lipid fraction of this coating.
Promoting Clinical Reasoning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: Application and Evaluation of the Outcome Present State Test (OPT) Model of Clinical Reasoning

Promoting clinical reasoning in undergraduate nursing students through application of the Outcome Present State Test (OPT) Model of Clinical Reasoning, is a challenge that can be successfully managed through effective teaching-learning strategies. Empirical evidence to support teaching strategies that foster both cognitive and metacognitive skill acquisition is limited. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the development of clinical reasoning skills among nursing students through the application and evaluation of teaching-learning strategies associated with self-regulated learning and the OPT model (Pesut & Herman, 1998; 1999; Pesut, 2004). The model and self-regulated learning prompts were used to structure learning with junior level baccalaureate nursing students during a ten-week, medical-surgical clinical experience in acute care telemetry units. Data analysis revealed students effectively made gains in learning associated with the OPT model. Qualitative analysis of self-regulated learning prompt journal data revealed students made significant gains in self-observation, self-judgment, knowledge work and use of health care personnel resources during clinical experiences. Results indicated the intentional use of guided reflection coupled with structure and learning tools of the OPT model significantly enhanced clinical reasoning skill acquisition, and provided evidence for the effectiveness of structured teaching learning strategies.
Experimental validation of a new bianisotropic parameter retrieval technique using plasmonic metasurfaces made of V-shape antennas

We report on a numerical study of a new bianisotropic parameter retrieval technique for both regular and complementary V-shape antenna metasurfaces. Each antenna element with a discrete phase shift is modeled by a homogenous bianisotropic film to represent the optical response. For the complementary design, the retrieval implies a complementary behavior of effective material properties and predicts the analogous functionalities. Further, FDFD solver is developed to integrate the bianisotropic descriptions of each antenna and describes a fully functional metasurface. The computational burden is significantly reduced, because effective material properties replace the detailed meshing of the antennas. Experimentally, large dimension arrays of nano‐voids are fabricated using electron beam lithography. It is demonstrated that cross-polarized light is diffracted towards the same direction. Furthermore, the complementary design greatly increases the extinction ratio of functional fields to background fields.
The impact of telework on emotional experience: When, and for whom, does telework improve daily affective well-being?

Teleworking has become increasingly popular in organizations around the world. Despite this trend towards working outside of the traditional office setting, research has not yet examined how people feel (i.e., their affective experiences) on days when working at home versus in the office. Using a sample of 102 employees from a large US government agency, we employed a within-person design to test hypotheses about the relationship between teleworking and affective well-being. We also examined four individual differences (openness to experience, rumination, sensation seeking, and social connectedness outside of work) as cross-level moderators. Results show that employees experience more job-related positive affective well-being (PAWB) and less job-related negative affective well-being (NAWB) on days when they were teleworking compared to days they were working in the office. Findings show that several of the individual differences moderated the relationships. Discussion focuses on the need to consider the a...
Braided version of Shirshov–Witt theorem

The Shirshov-Witt theorem claims that every subalgebra of a free Lie algebra is free. In character- istic zero this theorem can be restated in terms of a free associative algebra: every Hopf subalgebra of a free algebra kxiwith the coproduct δ(xi ) = xi ⊗ 1 + 1 ⊗ xi is free, and it is freely generated by primitive elements. Our aim is to extend this result to free algebras with a braided coproduct as far as possible. By means of P.M. Cohn theory we show that if a subalgebra is a right categorical right coideal, then it is free. We consider more thoroughly involutive braidings, τ 2 = id, over a field of zero characteristic. In this case every braided Hopf subalgebra is generated by primitive elements. Moreover, the space of all primitive elements forms a free Lie τ -algebra. In the context of this re- sult, we discuss the situation that arises around the problem of embedding of a Lie τ -algebra in its associative universal enveloping algebra.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Persistence of High Body Sodium in Previously Edematous Patients with Heart Disease

Measurements of total body water and total exchangeable sodium were made in patients with heart disease rendered free of edema following congestive heart failure. The total exchangeable sodium in most of the patients was higher than would have been predicted on the basis of their body weight and total body water. Serial measurements showed that some patients gradually lose their excess sodium over a period of months without a loss of body water; others maintain an elevated ratio of body sodium to body weight and body sodium to body water for periods of at least several months. The data imply the possibility of significant quantities of osmotically inactive sodium in patients with heart disease.
Recent Advances in Pulmonary Imaging

Recent years have witnessed an explosion in imaging technology applicable to chest medicine. These include CT and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and high-resolution CT for the detection and characterization of diffuse lung diseases and the quantification of emphysema. Newly developed approaches to pulmonary functional imaging using CT and MRI have been applied to the evaluation of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion and to the detection of small airways disease. Volumetric CT imaging techniques together with advanced image processing have made possible" virtual bronchoscopy." Positron emission tomography provides an important new approach to the accurate detection and staging of chest malignancies and to the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. Finally, new digital imaging techniques, which are rapidly replacing conventional x-ray film, offer the possibility of computer-aided diagnosis.
Analysis and characterization of aggregation of a therapeutic Fc-fusion protein

Protein aggregation was observed in a purification intermediate of a therapeutic Fc-fusion protein stored at -30 °C, even though the protein was stable at 4 and -80 °C. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as an inclusion body, refolded, and purified using chromatography columns. To study the nature of this aggregation, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate factors that contributed to the protein instability during freezing. We found that the presence of free thiols in the protein is the intrinsic cause. The free thiol cross-linking sites were determined to be at the peptide moiety of the Fc-fusion protein using LC-MS. Partially frozen accompanied by the elevated pH and increased salt and protein concentrations were identified as extrinsic factors that facilitated the aggregation. These results provided important insights into purification process improvement and solution storage of this Fc-fusion protein.
Controlling Suburban and Small-Town Hoods An Examination of Police Encounters With Juveniles

We currently lack systematic observational data concerning street-level interactions between police and juveniles in nonurban jurisdictions. This study uses systematic social observation (SSO) methods to examine the nature and character of police encounters with juveniles age 13 to 17 years in 20 suburban and small-town jurisdictions in terms of (a) the types of problems nonurban officers confronted while interacting with juveniles, (b) the actions taken by officers to resolve these problems, and (c) the discretionary decision making of officers in arrest situations involving juveniles. The findings suggest similarities and differences between nonurban officers and previously studied urban officers in terms of how they interact with juveniles. A discussion regarding how these findings may be interpreted is offered, highlighting the general need for more research concerning street-level interactions between police and juveniles, and the importance of including samples of nonurban communities in studies of ...
African American, White and Hispanic child care preferences: A factorial survey analysis of welfare leavers by race and ethnicity

Abstract This research investigates the child care preferences of poor White, African American and Hispanic parents. Using the factorial survey method, this research examines the impact of race and ethnicity on child care preferences and definitions of child care quality. The findings do not support the conclusion that race and ethnicity are a major source of division in preferences for child care. Rather there was consensus around desired core care attributes associated with child care quality. Across racial and ethnic lines, parents wanted safe and regulated care that was evaluated by a government agency with warm and trained caregivers. Findings suggest that differences in child care use by race and ethnicity may not be due to different preferences for particular types of care, but for bundles of care characteristics people may believe are associated with particular care situations. Different child care choices may not stem from cultural differences, but more from market constraints and lack of information.
The development and validation of the Perceived Health Competence Scale

A sense of competence or self-efficacy is associated with many positive outcomes, particularly in the area of health behavior. A measure of a sense of competence in the domain of health behavior has not been developed. Most measures are either general measures of a general sense of self-efficacy or are very specific to a particular health behavior. The Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), a domain-specific measure of the degree to which an individual feels capable of effectively managing his or her health outcomes, was developed to provide a measure of perceived competence at an intermediate level of specificity. Five studies using three different types of samples (students, adults and persons with a chronic illness) provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the PHCS. The eight items of the PHCS combine both outcome and behavioral expectancies. Results from the five studies indicate that the scale has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the scale is demonstrated through the support obtained for substantive hypotheses regarding the correlates of perceived health competence, such as health behavior intentions, general sense of competence and health locus of control.
Giesekus Constitutive Model for Thermoviscoelastic Fluids based on Ordered Rate Constitutive Theories

This paper presents derivation of Giesekus constitutive model in Eulerian description based on ordered rate constitutive theories for thermoviscoelastic fluids for compressible and incompressible cases in contra-, co-variant and Jaumann bases. The ordered rate constitutive theories for thermoviscoelastic fluids of orders ( m , n ) consider convected time derivative of order m of the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor in a chosen basis (i.e. co-, contra-variant or Jaumann) as dependent variable in the development of constitutive theories for the stress tensor. Its argument tensors consist of density, temperature, convected time derivatives of the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor of up to order m -1 and convected time derivative of up to order n of the conjugate strain tensor. In addition, constitutive theory for the heat vector compatible with the constitutive theory for the deviatoric stress tensor is also presented in co-, contra-variant and Jaumann bases. It is shown that the Giesekus constitutive model is a subset of the rate constitutive theory of orders m = n = 1. It is also shown that the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor (contra-, co-variant or Jaumann basis) naturally results as dependent variable in the constitutive theory, and that currently used Giesekus constitutive model in deviatoric polymer Cauchy stress tensor is not derivable based on axioms and principles of the constitutive theory in continuum mechanics. Numerical studies are presented for fully developed flow between parallel plates for a dense polymeric liquid using the Giesekus constitutive model derived in this paper as well as currently used model.
An Alumna's Perspective on Participating in the Political Process

In preparation for the coming election, college educators will play an important role in motivating college students to participate in the upcoming presidential election. This article highlights Rebecca Reed, an alumna from DePaul University, and her journey to becoming socially active and politically engaged through her college experience. Ultimately, this paper suggests how college educators can motivate students not only to vote but also to continue to sustain their commitments to social and political change after the election season is over.
Chemotherapy regimens used in retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: Part II. Observations on the efficacy of combinations of ethambutol, capreomycin and companion drugs, including 4–4 diisoamyloxythiosemicarbanilide

Summary Thirty patients with cultures resistant to isoniazid (25 also resistant to streptomycin and 15 to PAS) were included in this study. They were treated with a chemotherapy regimen consisting of ethambutol and capreomycin with one other drug (‘Isoxyl’—10, ethionamide —8, pyrazinamide—5, cycloserine—4, PAS—3). Twenty-four of the 30 patients were treated continuously for at least 120 days, and all 24 became culture-negative. One of the 24 patients is known to have relapsed to culture-positive. Up to March 1964, the patients had been followed for an average of 277 days (range 79–695 days). The types and incidence of toxic drug reactions observed following chemotherapy with ethambutol, capreomycin and ‘Isoxyl’ have been discussed. The small number of toxic drug reactions does not contraindicate their use. Resonably compaiable results can be obtained with any drug grouping if there is adherence to the following principles: o 1. The cultures must be susceptible in vitro to the drugs prescribed. 2. Adequate serum drug levels should be achieved with each of the drugs administered. 3. Chemotherapy regimens should include three known effective drugs. The triad of drugs should ordinarily include two oral agents and one parenteral agent. 4. Before starting chemotherapy, careful drug sensitivity studies should be performed routinely with all available antimycobacterial drugs, in order to allow change without delay to an appropriate alternate regimen.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: fact or artifact?

ABSTRACT Objective To clarify whether the symptoms of inattention and distractibility commonly seen in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) represent true comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or a manifestation of obsessional anxiety. Method Phenotypic features and functional correlates of ADHD-like symptoms were examined in youths with and without OCD from a large sample of pediatric psychiatry patients consecutively referred since 1997. Results The number, frequency, and types of core ADHD symptoms as well as ADHD-associated functional indices were identical in all youths with DSM-IV –diagnosed ADHD irrespective of the presence or absence of comorbid OCD. Conclusions These findings suggest that when ADHD-like symptoms are seen in youths with OCD, they reflect a true comorbid state of OCD plus ADHD and that the ADHD syndrome may be independent of OCD in comorbid youths.
Gas‐phase reactions of the benzyne negative ions

The reactions of o-, m- and p-benzyne anions and the phenide ion with a series of neutral reagents are described. The m- and p-benzyne anions display similar behavior towards Bronsted acids, CS 2 , N 2 O, NO and O 2 , which is analogous to that of phenide ion but clearly different from that of o-benzyne anion. The strongly basic and nucleophilic character of m- and p-benzyne anions dominates their reactivity, and radical-type reactions are generally not observed. Novel bifunetional reactions between m- and p-benzyne anions and both CS 2 and NO are observed in which two sequential S-atom abstractions and two NO additions, respectively, take place.
Ablation Dynamics of Silicon by Femtosecond Laser and the Role of Early Plasma

In this paper, the femtosecond laser ablation of silicon is investigated by a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The ablation depth of the silicon wafer ablated in air at different laser intensities is calculated, and the corresponding experimental measurements are carried out for validation. Two different ablation regimes have been identified by varying the laser fluence. While two-photon absorption dominates in the low fluence regime ( 2 J/cm2). The ablation efficiency first increases with the laser fluence, and reaches the peak value at the laser fluence around 8 J/cm2. It starts to drop when the laser fluence further increases, because of the early plasma absorption of the laser beam energy.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Conveying Presidential News: The White House Press Corps Covers the President

On a daily basis, presidential news coverage comes from the work of a relatively small group of Washington reporters assigned to cover the White House. Although often treated interchangeably with the Washington press corps, the reporters at the White House focus solely on that beat. I identify which news organizations form the White House press corps and then focus on the practices of those organizations in assigning reporters to the White House. I also look at what current and recent White House correspondents view as the basic elements of a White House story. Although news organizations have long been committed to full coverage of the White House, the future is less certain for some of them as the growing financial pressures in the news industry have had an impact on their ability to cover the president in the same manner as they have in the past.
Brain temperatures in birds

1. Brain (hypothalamic) and cloacal temperatures were measured in heat-stressed Lesser Nighthawks (Chordeiles acutipennis), Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), Pigeons (Columba livia), and White-Necked Ravens (Corvus cryptoleucus) and in one Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus). Range of mean body masses was 0.047 to 1.156 kg. 2. In all these species brain temperatures were always below cloacal temperatures (Fig. 1). The body-to-brain temperature difference was maintained nearly constant within a species over a wide range of cloacal and air temperatures, and varied in magnitude from 0.80°C in the Roadrunner to 1.29°C in Mallards. 3. The presence of arete mirabile ophthalmicum was demonstrated in all five species. This rete may be associated with the observed pattern of brain temperature control. 4. The body-to-brain temperature difference may be important in avoiding brain damage during core hyperthermia.
Acquisition of Predator Information By Active and Passive Mobbers in Ring-Billed Gull Colonies

Mobbing flocks of ring-billed gulls consisted to two groups: individuals whose nests were near to and threatened by the predator (active mobbers) and others from more distant parts of the colony (passive mobbers). This study examined whether either group can learn about the predator from their mobbing experience. The active mobbers quickly habituated to a human intruder near their nests when the intruder was inactive and empty-handed. Conversely, the gulls responded with a greater flock size and flight distance and fewer swoops when the intruder was holding an adult gull. These response patterns persisted even after the adult gull was removed and the human intruder reappeared alone. When the human intruder held a chick, the gulls approached more closely and swooped more than when the intruder held an adult gull. To examine whether passive mobbers learned anything about the human intruder during the earlier tests, the intruder (now empty-handed) moved to a new location 50 m away and repeated the test. The gulls at these sites, also were significantly less wary than naive gulls of the human intruder following tests in which the intruder was empty-handed, and more wary following tests in which the intruder held an adult gull. Because the earlier test sites were situated so that they could not be seen from the ground at the 50 m sites, a gull at the latter sites could only have learned details about the intruder if it or some of its neighbors had become mobbers. Gulls whose nests were 100 m from an owl model or human intruder learned less about it than gulls at 50 m: perhaps because fewer gulls became passive mobbers as the distance between them and the owl or intruder increased. Costs of becoming a passive mobber include an energetic and time cost and some risk of personal injury due to mid-air collisions with other gulls. The number of passive mobbers increased on breezy days perhaps because strong updrafts on those days reduced the energetic costs of flight within the colonies (and hence of being a mobber). These results support the hypothesis that the gulls' predator-attraction behavior allows them to learn about predators from watching predator-conspecific interactions. The opportunity to witness such interactions and learn about predators may be an important secondary benefit of coloniality for these birds.
Cell culture aging.

Cellular research in aging has been stimulated by the observation that human diploid cells have a limited number of cell divisions in culture. This loss of cellular proliferation (in vitro senescence) has been extensively studied by biochemical, clonal, and genetic analysis. Studies of human skin fibroblast cultures have revealed that in vitro senescense is related to in vivo human cellular aging. Recently differentiated cells have been proposed for aging studies. These cells may provide additional information on aging since alterations of in vitro cellular functions may be related to the in vivo behavior of specific differented cell types.
Geometry of coadjoint orbits and noncommutativity of invariant differential operators on nilpotent homogeneous spaces

A monomial representation τ = Ind(H G, χ) induced from a character on a connected subgroup H of a nilpotent Lie group G has a primary decomposition whose multiplicities are either purely infinite (m(τ) = ∞) or uniformly bounded (m(τ) < ∞). The multiplicities are completely determined by the geometry of coadjoint orbits in 𝔤*, and there are strong indications that orbit geometry also determines the structure of the algebra Dτ of τ-invariant differential operators on smooth sections. One unresolved conjecture says that Dτ is commutative m(τ) < ∞; () is well known, and in this note we report significant progress toward the converse by proving that () holds when CASE I: m(τ0) < ∞, m(τ) = ∞, and CASE II: D ≠ Dτ, where τ0 = Ind(H G0, χ) and G0 ⊇ H is a codimension-1 subgroup. When m(τ) = ∞, one can always reduce to Case I; all evidence so far suggests that II is always valid when I holds (which would resolve the conjecture), but no general proof is known. Similar results have been reported recently by H. Fujiwara, G. Lion, and S. Medhi [5] using traditional methods of induction on dimension. Our methods are completely noninductive and rest entirely on analysis of coadjoint orbit geometry. The same methods may prove useful in an ultimate orbital description of Dτ, along the lines of the structure theorems known to hold when m(τ) < ∞. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Problem‐Solving Style and Fit in Consulting and Auditing

This research examined the problem‐solving styles of public accountants in consulting and audit functions. Consultants were, on average, significantly more innovative in their problem‐solving style than auditors. A path analysis indicated that accounting professionals whose preferred problem‐solving style did not fit the demands of the job experienced greater role stress. The additional stress negatively affected job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to stay with the firm. The results imply that matching an individual's problem‐solving style to his or her functional role may help to minimize role stress and its attendant dysfunctional effects in public accounting.
A cell-level model for a solid oxide fuel cell operated with syngas from a gasification process

Abstract A model was developed for determining the current–temperature profiles of a solid oxide fuel cell. The model was integrated by an electrochemical module and a thermal module. The electrochemical module included the three principal modes of polarization (i.e., ohmic, activation and concentration). The thermal module solved the energy and mass conservation equation using a unit cell approach. The integrated model (electrochemical–thermal) was used to analyze the performance of the cell with respect to different operating conditions. In addition, the model was used to analyze the response of the fuel cell under different gasifier compositions. These compositions are expected from the thermal integration of a downdraft gasifier with a solid oxide fuel cell. The results showed the effect of the initial concentration of carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen, with respect to the performance of the cell.
STUDIES OF TISSUE MAINTENANCE : II. THE SERVICE TO THE LIVER AND DIGESTIVE TRACT AFTER HEMORRHAGE

The vascular readjustments in compensation for a greatly reduced blood bulk affect the service rendered by the blood to the gastrointestinal tract and liver far less than they do that to the skin and muscles. Into these latter tissues india ink is carried almost not at all, whereas it circulates in quantity through the capillaries of the bowel and liver. Evidently vaso-constriction is much less effective in these viscera. Nowhere in them does one find a patchy ischemia like that so wide-spread in the peripheral tissues. Blood service is maintained to the same extent everywhere throughout the liver even when one of its two sources (hepatic artery or portal vein) is obstructed, and the intrahepatic blood pressure brought very low. A pronounced patchy ischemia of the stomach and large bowel can be induced by intravenous injection into normal animals of sufficient epinephrin to cause the systemic blood pressure to mount to an abnormally high level. Pituitrin used in the same way has a greater effect; blood service to the organs mentioned may be completely abolished by means of it. In both instances, though, service to the small gut and liver is still excellently and evenly maintained.