cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multisection: parallelized bisection

We consider a one-dimensional bisection method for finding the zero of a function, where function evaluations can be performed asynchronously in a parallel computing environment. Using dynamic programming, we characterize the Bayes-optimal policy for sequentially choosing points at which to query the function. In choosing these points, we face a trade-off between aggressively reducing the search space in the short term, and maintaining a desirable spread of queries in the long-term. Our results provide insight on how this trade-off is affected by function evaluation times, risk preferences, and computational budget.
Reticular facilitation of visually evoked responses by optic tract stimulation before and after enucleation

Abstract Reticular facilitation of evoked responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex elicited by ipsilateral optic tract stimulation was studied in cats prepared under diethyl ether-oxygen anesthesia, subsequently locally anesthetized, paralyzed with decamethonium, and placed on artificial respiration. In animals with an intact visual system, single electrical shocks to the reticular formation produced a more marked facilitation of the visually evoked response in primary visual cortex than in the lateral geniculate body. After bilateral enucleation of the eyeballs, the input-output relationship in both lateral geniculate and visual cortex dramatically shifted to the left, suggesting removal of tonic retinal inhibition. Although reticular stimulation still produced a slight facilitation at the neocortex and possibly at the lateral geniculate, it was much less than in intact preparations. The data suggest that reticular disinhibition of inhibitory discharge is still another phenomenon that must be considered in the over-all effects of reticular modulation of the visual system.
Numerical evidence for the observation of a scalar glueball

We compute from lattice QCD in the valence (quenched) approximation the partial decay widths of the lightest scalar glueball to pairs of pseudoscalar quark-antiquark states. These predictions and values obtained earlier for the scalar glueball's mass are in good agreement with the observed properties of ${f}_{J}(1710)$ and inconsistent with all other observed meson resonances.
On the unification of hyperbolic and euclidean geometry

The polar decomposition of Mobius transformation of the complex open unit disc gives rise to the Mobius addition in the disc and, more generally, in the ball. Mobius addition and Einstein addition in the ball of a real inner product space are isomorphic gyrogroup operations that play in the hyperbolic geometry of the ball a role analogous to the role that ordinary vector addition plays in the Euclidean geometry of . Mobius (Einstein) addition governs the Poincare (Beltrami) ball model of hyperbolic geometry just as vector addition governs the standard model of Euclidean geometry. Accordingly, we show in this article that resulting analogies enable Euclidean and hyperbolic geometry to be unified
Optical radiation safety of medical light sources

The phototoxicity of medical ultraviolet (UV) sources used in dermatology has long been recognized. Less obvious are potential hazards to the eye and skin from many other optical sources-both to the patient and to the health-care worker. To assess potential hazards, one must consider not only the optical and radiometric parameters of the optical source in question but also the geometrical exposure factors. This knowledge is required to accurately determine the irradiances (dose rates) to exposed tissues. Both photochemically and thermally induced damage are possible from intense light sources used in medicine and surgery; however, thermal injury is rare unless the light source is pulsed or nearly in contact with tissue. Generally, photochemical interaction mechanisms are most pronounced at short wavelengths (UV) where photon energies are greatest, and also will be most readily observed for lengthy exposure durations.
The minimum constraint removal problem with three robotics applications

This paper formulates a new minimum constraint removal (MCR) motion planning problem in which the objective is to remove the fewest geometric constraints necessary to connect a start and goal state with a free path. It describes a probabilistic roadmap motion planner for MCR in continuous configuration spaces that operates by constructing increasingly refined roadmaps, and efficiently solves discrete MCR problems on these networks. A number of new theoretical results are given for discrete MCR, including a proof that it is NP-hard by reduction from SET-COVER. Two search algorithms are described that perform well in practice. The motion planner is proven to produce the optimal MCR with probability approaching 1 as more time is spent, and its convergence rate is improved with various efficient sampling strategies. It is demonstrated on three example applications: generating human-interpretable excuses for failure, motion planning under uncertainty, and rearranging movable obstacles.
A protocol for evaluation of prostatitis

Abstract The traditional office diagnosis of prostatitis has been based on clinical history, rectal palpation of the gland, and a microscopic examination of the expressed prostatic fluid. In light of present day information this approach appears to be incomplete. We have examined 41 consecutive patients with complaints of prostatitis along with 17 controls. In each case expressed prostatic fluid was collected under sterile conditions. On each specimen, we performed a bacterial culture, microscopic examination for white blood cells, and assay for zinc. The intent of this protocol was to classify clearly those with bacterial prostatitis from those with nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia. We believe this approach is simple to perform even in the setting of a busy office practice.
Identification, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-surface Retention Sequence-binding Proteins from Human SK-Hep Cells and Bovine Liver Plasma Membranes

Cell-surface retention is a newly identified mechanism associated with the secretion of certain polypeptide growth factors and cytokines. This novel form of secretion appears to be mediated by cell-surface retention sequences (CRS) in the polypeptide molecules. To test the hypothesis that high-affinity CRS-binding proteins (CRS-BPs) are responsible for the cell-surface retention, we identified and characterized the high-affinity binding sites on various cell types for 125I-labeled CRS peptide (sis) and CRS peptide (VEGF), each of which contained the putative CRS motifs of platelet-derived growth factor B (c-sis) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor, respectively. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites with Kd = 0.5-0.7 nM and ∼22,000-55,000 sites/cell. High-affinity binding activity could be demonstrated between pH 4.5 and 8.0, but was much greater below 6.0 (maximum pH 5.0-5.5). The ligand binding activity was inhibited by heparin, polylysine, and protamine, but not by cytochrome c. CRS-BPs responsible for the high-affinity binding were identified as 60-72-kDa proteins by ligand affinity labeling. CRS-BPs were purified from human SK-Hep cells and bovine liver plasma membranes by Triton X-100 extraction followed by affinity column chromatography on wheat germ lectin-Sepharose 4B and CRS peptide (sis)-Affi-Gel 10. Purified CRS-BPs exhibited ligand binding properties (pH profile and inhibitor sensitivity) similar to those of the high-affinity binding sites for CRS peptides on cultured cells. The major CRS-BPs (p60, p66, and p72) purified from bovine liver plasma membranes were found to have identical N-terminal amino acid sequence and were assumed to represent different forms of the same gene product, which we have designated CRS-BP1.
Dizziness: neurological emergencies.

Since dizziness can represent many different overlapping sensations and can be caused by different pathophysiologic mechanisms, it is critical that the emergency room physician take a careful history to determine the type of dizziness before proceeding with the diagnostic evaluation. The history provides the direction for both the examination and the diagnostic workup (Table 1). Although this review focuses on the vestibular system, many patients who seek emergency assistance because of dizziness do not have a disorder of the vestibular system.
Are paleoclimate estimates biased by foliar physiognomic responses to increased atmospheric CO2

Abstract Physiognomic analysis of fossil angiosperm leaves has provided an important quantitative database of Tertiary terrestrial paleoclimate. However, atmospheric CO 2 level, a critical control on plant growth, may have been higher in the Tertiary. It is thus crucial to investigate whether elevated CO 2 affects leaf physiognomy. In this study, leaves were collected from white oak ( Quercus alba L.) seedlings grown in open-top growth chambers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The only physiognomic change noted is an increase in length to width ratio with increasing CO 2 . In the literature, leaf size has been observed to increase, decrease or remain unchanged for woody C 3 species grown in elevated CO 2 . Typically, one sees more variation due to microsite or phenotype than due to CO 2 level. By applying these observed physiognomic trends to two fossil floras, it is argued that estimates of mean annual temperature and growing season precipitation may be biased on the order of 1°C and 20 cm, respectively. These are relatively small effects, as the values are similar to the standard errors of the regression models used to estimate paleoclimate. The lack of data, the variability of response to CO 2 associated with microsite and phenotype, and the question of whether observed short-term trends with elevated CO 2 are sustained make it impossible to propose a correction factor. Adequate sample size and sampling of several sites are the best way to attempt to compensate for CO 2 effects on a given fossil flora until response to CO 2 is better understood.
Abstract 4503: Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 is promising novel strategy against breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC INTRODUCTION: Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is one of the key enzymes that regulates levels of the potent bioactive sphingolipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation and angiogenesis. Expression of SphK1 is up-regulated in breast cancer and is associated with cancer progression. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic implications of targeting SphK1 for breast cancer treatment. We have examined the role of SphK1 in breast cancer proliferation with an isozyme-specific pharmacological inhibitor of SphK1, SK1-I, which does not inhibit other sphingosine kinases, or by gene silencing of SphK1. METHODS: 4T1-luc2 cells, murine ER negative breast cancer cells that overexpress luciferase were used. siRNA targeted to a specific sequence of mouse SphK1 mRNA (siSphK1) was used for down-regulation of the gene. Western blotting, qPCR, luciferase and colony formation assays were used to investigate SphK1 expression and responsiveness to SK1-I. RESULTS: qPCR demonstrated that 4T1-luc2 cells overexpress mRNA of SphK1, SphK2, S1P receptors 1, 2, and 4. Down-regulation of SphK1 mRNA using siSphK1 in these cells was confirmed both by qPCR and Western blotting. siSphK1 suppressed the growth of 4T1 cells determined by luciferase assays which also revealed that SK1-I inhibited 4T1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Of note, SK1-I inhibited 4T1 cell growth synergistically with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Moreover, siSphK1 or SK1-I also reduced colony formation of these cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the notion that SphK1 is an important factor in breast cancer proliferation and suggest that SK1-I, an isozyme-specific inhibitor of SphK1, deserves consideration as a new therapeutic agent for this disease. SK1-I could be an important adjunct to anticancer therapy, allowing the use of reduced doses of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug with the same antitumoral efficacy. This work was supported by NIH grant 5K12HD055881 and Susan G. Komen for the Cure Career Catalyst Research Grant KG090510 to KT, NCI grant R01CA61774 to SS, and Sumitomo Life Social Welfare Services Foundation to MN. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4503.
An investigation of the constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer

Abstract An algorithm is developed for deriving the transfer functions of the constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer of arbitrary complexity. The only restriction is that the bridge elements, including the hot-wire filament, must be modeled by lumped components. A minimum of two equivalent amplifiers are required to model the feedback amplifier properly. The poles of the transfer functions for electronic and velocity perturbations are shown to be identical regardless of the frequency response characteristics of the feedback amplifier and the nature and quantity of components used to model the bridge impedances. Computer simulations are used to explore the behavior of representative configurations. It is shown that the frequency response characteristics of the feedback amplifier must be included in addition to the offset voltage and cable and balance inductance to fully account for the behaviour observed in real systems. This leads to an optimum system response when the balance inductor is in excess of that required for ac bridge balance. Increasing the frequency response and gain of the feedback amplifier have the rather surprising effect of increasing the damping of the dominant poles. It is the higher order poles that are responsible for the instabilities under these conditions. With subminiature wires it is shown that insufficient frequency response of the feedback amplifier is the most likely cause of instabilities. Operating modes are demonstrated that are misleading, in the sense that the operator can be deceived into interpreting an erroneous frequency response. Examples are provided to help operators of the instrument to identify and avoid these rather subtle and undesirable modes of operation. A brief description is given of a new high-performance anemometer design that is based on these considerations.
On writing scientific papers: I: A course for graduate students

Introduction Writing papers is clearly an integral part of the scientific process. Unfortmaatdy many scientists regard writing papers as both the most tedious and least important aspect of their work, and whereas they are logical, precise and excited about their experiments, their papers tend to be, as accurately summed up by Woodford, 1 heavy, verbose, pretentious, and dull. Attempts to be briefer and more 'scientific' to comply with requests of editors (and publishers) to trim the size of papers have resulted in a style that is both passive and impersonal. Moreover, far from being dearer and more concise, the language in current papers is stilted, the prose is turgid, and worse still, the message is often obscure. Earlier scientists often included personal thoughts and feelings in their papers, as well as lengthy discussions on the merits of different approaches to experiments, and wordy discourses on the meanings of the results. Although sometimes tiresome, these papers not only gave insight into the personality of the writers themselves, but more important, generated a sense of excitement and discovery that is sadly lacking in much current writing. Students, faced with keeping up with an ever-increasing amount of literature, are exposed constantly to the present style of writing, are required to read it, and thus tend to perpetuate it. In working with graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and even faculty members, it became clear to me that unless the problems with recent scientific literature were carefully explained, most students did try to imitate the prevailing style.* I therefore devised a course on writing scientific papers specifically designed (a) to emphasize the basic principles required to present scientific results accurately, and (b) to emphasize the virtues of clear, concise and persuasive prose both to the writer and to the reader. The arrangement of the course, the reasons for the choice of this particular format, and the conduct of each session are described bdow. z
Magnetization on rough ferromagnetic surfaces

Using Ising-model Monte Carlo simulations, we show a strong dependence of surface magnetization on surface roughness. On ferromagnetic surfaces with spin-exchange coupling larger than that of the bulk, the surface magnetic ordering temperature decreases toward the bulk Curie temperature with increasing roughness. For surfaces with spin-exchange coupling smaller than that of the bulk, a crossover behavior occurs: at low temperature, the surface magnetization decreases with increasing roughness; at high temperature, the reverse is true.
KUChemBio: A repository of computational chemical biology data sets

Data set curation in cheminformatics is largely ignored, and many publications do not provide the specific chemical structures used in their experiments. Access to chemical structures is vital for experiment reproducibility and comparison of competing methods. To address this limitation, the KU Chemical Biology Database (KUChemBio) has established a collection of 69 data sets for computational chemical biology experiments. Data sets fall into several categories including ADME, toxicity, binding affinity, solubility, melting points, and others. Chemical structures in SDF or Smiles format are provided along with binary or real valued activity labels. Data sets have been consolidated from other online repositories and content from recent publications has been added as well. KUChemBio is located at http://bcf.ku.edu/kuchembio.
Long range scattering with Stark effect and almost periodic potentials

Spectral and scattering theory is discussed for the Stark effect Hamiltonians H0=−(1/2)Δ−x1 and H=H0
Social isolation effects on the "behavioral despair" forced swimming test: effect of age and duration of testing.

Abstract Social loss is considered to be one of the major precipitants of depression. Prior work with the Porsolt forced swimming test (FST) has failed to demonstrate increases in despair-like immobility as a result of prior social isolation in adult animals. In the present work, increased immobility was observed in young Swiss Webster mice that had been socially isolated for 24 h prior to a 15-minute FST. The effect was not apparent until after the first five minutes of testing. The increase in immobility as a result of social isolation was apparent in 17–21-day-old animals but not in 26–30-day-old ones. Control experiments indicated that the increase in immobility was not due to the slightly higher weight loss of the socially isolated animals. Administration of reserpine (0.25 mg/kg) induced a marginal increase in immobility in the youngest animals but decreased immobility at later ages. These data suggest that the mouse only exhibits a short period of time during early development where social isolation can promote despair-like immobility in the FST and suggest that analyses of depressive processes which result from social variables may be best studied during a limited age range in this species.
Dynamic and Solid-Matrix Quenching by Moisture in Solid-Matrix Phosphorescence with Filter Paper:

The room-temperature solid-matrix phosphorescence intensity ratios behaved very differently than the phosphorescence lifetime ratios for 4-phenylphenol, protonated benzo(f)quinoline, and two tetrols adsorbed on filter paper over a wide range of wt % adsorbed moisture. The changes in phosphorescence intensity ratios and lifetime ratios were related to regions before the monolayer coverage of water and beyond monolayer coverage of water on filter paper. An equation was obtained that describes the changes in the phosphorescence intensity ratio as a function of phosphorescence lifetime ratio and an exponential expression that included the wt % of adsorbed moisture. This equation defined both dynamic and solid-matrix quenching of phosphorescence by adsorbed moisture. The changes in the phosphorescence lifetime ratios were readily related to wt % adsorbed moisture by the use of a dynamic quenching model.
Global stability of spiral flow. Part 2

The stability of spiral flow between rotating and sliding cylinders is considered. In the limit of narrow gap, a’ modified’ energy theory is constructed. This theory exploits the consequences of assuming the existence of a preferred spiral direction along which disturbances do not vary. The flow is also analyzed from the viewpoint of linearized theory. Both problems depend strongly on the sign of Rayleigh's discriminant, – 2Ωζ. Here Ω is the component of angular velocity, and ζ is the component of total vorticity of the basic flow in the direction perpendicular to the spiral ribbons on which the disturbance is constant. When the discriminant is negative, there is evidently no instability to infinitesimal disturbances, and the spiral disturbance whose energy increases at the smallest R is a roll whose axis is perpendicular to the stream. This restores and generalizes Orr's non-linear results for disturbances having a preferred spiral direction. When the discriminant is positive, the critical disturbances of linear theory and the modified energy theory are spiral vortices. The differences between the energy and linear limits can be made smaller in the restricted class of disturbances with coincidence achieved for axisymmetric disturbances in the rotating cylinder problem in the limit of narrow gap. For the sliding-rotating case, the critical disturbance of the linear theory appears as a periodic wave in a co-ordinate system fixed on the outer cylinder. This wave has a dimensionless frequency equal to - ½ a sin (χ-ψ), where a is the wave-number, χ is the angle between the pipe axis and the direction of motion of the inner cylinder relative to the outer one, and ψ is the disturbance spiral angle. Instability limits, frequencies and wave-numbers are computed numerically when the cylinder gap is not narrow. These are in even closer agreement with Ludwieg's experimental results than the approximate results which were given in part 1.
The effectiveness of a reemployment bonus

Abstract This paper investigates the effectiveness of the recently proposed reemployment bonus, relative to the regular Unemployment Insurance benefits, in a model where endogenous search effort plays a crucial role and the bonus is fully portrayed as an incentive contract.
The antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito Aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of Gram type and pathogenicity

Abstract Previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against Gram– Escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against Gram+ Micrococcus sp., is melanization. We examined the immune responses mounted by Aedes aegypti towards Gram– Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium, and Gram+ Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and survival analysis, this investigation conclusively shows that the factors governing phagocytic vs. melanization responses are complex and independent of bacterial Gram type and pathogenicity. These data provide further evidence that hemocytes are central to the immune response against prokaryotes.
Honest advertisement of pairing status: Evidence from a tropical resident wood-warbler

Abstract This paper reports the first investigation of the mate attraction function of song in a tropical resident wood-warbler. Male Adelaide’s warblers,Dendroica adelaidae(Emberizidae: Parulinae), which sing two categories of song (A and B), maintain territories and monogamous pair bonds year-round. Males that were naturally or experimentally unpaired delivered A songs at significantly higher rates than did paired males during both breeding and non-breeding periods. In contrast, use of B songs and singing at dawn did not vary with pairing status. The dawn chorus, characterized by intense and versatile displays of the B song category by neighbouring males, was absent from the non-breeding season. Dawn singing and the B song category thus appear relatively unimportant in mate attraction in this species. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the A song category functions in mate attraction in wood-warblers. Furthermore, data from the non-breeding season show that the mate attraction function of song is not narrowly tied to the breeding season in a resident species. These data provide evidence for honest signalling of male pairing status in a socially monogamous species. Throughout the year, male Adelaide’s warblers reveal their pairing status honestly, with a comparatively higher rate of A song delivery signalling that a male is unpaired. Paired and unpaired males were distinguishable based on their singing behaviour. Honest advertisement of pairing status may have been favoured in this species by female defence of mates and a habitat saturated with territories, which would limit opportunities for polygyny or polyterritoriality.
Aspects of Anxiety in Dental Clinic Patients

Subjective feelings of 272 dental clinic patients who were awaiting examination were evaluated. Their anxiety exceeded that of a resting student group but was less than that of patients awaiting psychiatric evaluation. Past and present anxieties experienced in the dental office were related, but no relationship was found between recollections of pain suffered in dental procedures and present anxiety.
Gastric prolapse through a gastrostomy tract.

Abstract Background/Purpose Few reports have documented the incidence or the characteristics of children with gastric prolapse through a gastrostomy tract. The purpose of this report was to determine the incidence of gastric prolapse through a gastrostomy tract and to identify the salient features associated with gastric prolapse. Methods This was a retrospective review of 1,042 children from The Children’s Hospital, Denver, CO who had a gastrostomy constructed for enteral access between 1992 and 2002. The charts of children who had gastric prolapse through the gastrostomy tract were scrutinized to obtain a profile of the children who had prolapse, and 14 parameters were analyzed for correlation with the incidence of this complication. Results Thirteen children had gastric prolapse through the gastrostomy tract for an incidence of gastric prolapse of 1.2%; 5 children had recurrent gastric prolapse through a gastrostomy tract for an incidence of recurrent gastric prolapse of 0.5%. Gastric prolapse occurred more often in children with ventilator dependence (31%), poor nutrition (54%), and neurologic disorders (58%). Gastrostomy devices with both ends fixed and rigid were associated with gastric prolapse (2.7%) more often than devices with only 1 end fixed and rigid (0.6%). Laparoscopic gastrostomy was associated with gastric prolapse and recurrent gastric prolapse more often than other gastrostomy construction techniques. Conclusions Children with poor nutrition, ventilator dependence, a neurologic disorder, a gastrostomy device with both ends fixed and rigid, and/or a laparoscopic gastrostomy, were prone to gastric prolapse.
Engineering Our Environment

Environmental engineering is primarily concerned with the application of technology to the urgent tasks of cleaning up our environment. Its practitioners generally attempt to cope with the problems of streams and waterways polluted by sewage and industrial waste, oceans damaged by oil spills and sewage sludge dumpings, air polluted with noxious fumes and land abused by solid waste disposal. But that is not all that they do. The recent energy crisis has sharply brought into focus the need for alternate energy strategies, including energy extraction from solid waste. Under current estimates, the United States will produce approximately 340 million tons of solid waste by 1980. This is equivalent to one ton of solid waste per person per year. The most widely used methods of waste disposal right now are dumping, incineration and sanitary landfill. They are expensive and they cause pollution. Instead, solid waste can be burned to produce steam which can be used for heating or to generate electricity. It can also be converted to pyrolysis gas or oil, which can be stored or transported. It is from this standpoint that environmental engineering assumes considerable importance. A report which presents an overview of the state of the art in this area is the Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste. Other pertinent guides include Energy from Solid Waste, Conversion of Refuse to Energy, Recycling and Reclaiming of Municipal Solid Wastes, Resource Recovery and Recycling Handbook of Industrial Wastes, and Wasteheat Management Guidebook. No project of this nature can be undertaken without government assistance. A description of the activities of the Federal Solid Waste Management Program is available from EPA's Solid Waste Recycling Projects: A National Directory.
Separation and enrichment of cell populations by centrifugal elutriation

Centrifugal elutriation can be a powerful tool for the separation of cells by their size and density. This article discusses the practical aspects of how the elutriation rotor functions and considers the possible factors that can influence the cell separation in such a rotor. Several examples of diverse applications from the author's laboratory are presented. The first example describes the isolation of large quantities of two different kinds of red pigmented sea urchin cell populations separated from the non-pigmented cells as well as from each other. The second application demonstrates the utility of cell cycle enrichment for the isolation of rare developmental intermediates in the mouse thymus.
Dissociative chemisorption of CO on ruthenium

Abstract To study the isotopic exchange of 13C16O and 12C18O chemisorbed on alumina-supported ruthenium crystallites, the temperature programmed desorption technique has been used. Exchange is observed above 350 K as a result of reversible dissociation of adsorbed CO.
Microwave Recooking of Pork Roasts To Attain 76.7°C Throughout

Sixteen trichina-infected pork roasts were cooked at 30% power in two microwave ovens for 48.4 min/kg. Seven roasts attained or closely approached 76.7°C thoughout and were not recooked. Nine roasts whose initial post-cooking low temperatures varied from 42.8–72.8°C were recooked one to three times at 8.8 min/kg. One of the roasts recooked three times probably would have required two more recookings at 8.8 min/kg to obtain 76.7°C throughout. Eight of the 16 roasts were underdone and should have been recooked. Trichinae in all sixteen roasts, irrespective of temperatures or degree of doneness attained, were noninfective to rats.
Zoning, Nonconvexities, and T. Jack Foster′s City

Abstract In a 1983 article in this Journal, Theodore Crone (Journal of Urban Economics, 14, 184–205, 1983) used a sample from Foster City, California, to test for nonconvexities, the presence of which he correctly argued is the basis for the efficiency rationale for municipal zoning. Foster City, however, was privately developed by a single landowner. The apparently value-maximizing configuration of homes and apartments that Crone found is not evidence against the efficiency of zoning, but evidence in favor of the efficiency of large-scale private development.
The Richness Imperative and Cognitive Style: The Role of Individual Differences in Media Choice Behavior.

This article proposes a new thesis about the role of individual differences in managers' media choice behavior. It argues that individual differences influence media choice only under conditions of low message equivocality. When equivocality is high, a “richness imperative” masks the influence of individual differences. Managers are compelled to use richer media to match the equivocality of the message. However, in low-equivocality situations, richness demands are lowered. Any medium is capable of carrying the message. Thus managers have more freedom to act on their preferences, and individual differences are more likely to influence behavior. The findings of an exploratory study provide some support for this theoretical notion. As hypothesized, the judging/perspective attitude, as measured by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, influenced media choice under conditions of low equivocality but not under conditions of high equivocality. However, tolerance for ambiguity did not significantly influence media cho...
FIRE, SNAKES, AND POISONS: METAPHORS AND ANALOGUES IN SOME LANDMARK FREE SPEECH CASES

(1981). FIRE, SNAKES, AND POISONS: METAPHORS AND ANALOGUES IN SOME LANDMARK FREE SPEECH CASES. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 16-22.
Three stage multilayer formation kinetics during adsorption of an anionic fluorinated surfactant onto germanium: solution pH and salt effects.

Abstract The effects of solution pH, salt type and its concentration on the adsorption kinetics and the structural evolution of an anionic fluorinated surfactant, tetraethylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate (TEA–FOS), at the hydroxylated Ge/aqueous solution interface are investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR). The surface excess, the adsorption rate, the durations of three-stage adsorption and the molecular orientation of adsorbed TEA–FOS are all dependent on the pH of the solution. Consistent with the expected effects of solution pH on surface charge of the germanium oxide crystal surface, the most surfactant adsorbs at acidic pH 3.4 although a considerable amount still adsorbs at pH 10.0. Linear dichroism measurements suggest that the adsorbed surfactants prefer to form less-curved (flattened) multilayer admicelles, which pack more closely on the solid surface as the solution pH decreases. Under both acidic (pH 3.4) and basic (pH 10.0) conditions, the equilibrium surface excess first passes through a maximum as NaCl concentration increases, followed by a decrease. This suggests that excessive NaCl concentration is not favorable for multilayer formation due to increased electrostatic shielding which reduces the ion-pairing ability between TEA+ and FOS−. In addition, infrared dichroism measurements of CF2 stretching show that salt type and its concentration influence the structural evolution of adsorbed surfactants. A moderate amount of NaCl favors the assembly of adsorbed micelles into ordered flattened aggregates, but an excess of NaCl makes adsorbed surfactants assemble randomly like spherical aggregates. Compared to Na+ and K+ ions, Ca2+ ions cause the adsorbed surfactants to pack more closely on the solid surface into flattened micellar aggregates. All of the effects of solution pH and salt can be rationalized based on Coulombic interactions between the substrate surface, surfactants and counter-ions.
Varicella-Zoster Virus IE62 Protein Utilizes the Human Mediator Complex in Promoter Activation

The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) major transactivator, IE62, is involved in the expression of all kinetic classes of VZV genes and can also activate cellular promoters, promoters from heterologous viruses, and artificial promoters containing only TATA elements. A key component of the mechanism of IE62 transactivation is an acidic activation domain comprising the N-terminal 86 amino acids of IE62. However, the cellular target of this N-terminal acidic activation is unknown. In the work presented here, we show that the IE62 activation domain targets the human Mediator complex via the Med25 (ARC92) subunit and that this interaction appears to be fundamental for transactivation by the IE62 activation domain. In contrast, the Med23 subunit (Sur2/TRAP150β/DRIP130/CRSP130) of the Mediator complex is not essential for IE62-mediated activation. Further, the IE62 activation domain appears to selectively interact with a form of the Mediator complex lacking CDK8. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that IE62 stimulates recruitment of Mediator to an IE62-responsive model promoter. Finally, immunofluorescence microscopy of VZV-infected cells demonstrated intranuclear translocation of the Mediator complex to viral replication compartments. These studies suggest that Mediator is an essential component for efficient VZV gene expression.
Energizing the research enterprise at nonacademic health center schools of nursing.

Strategic redirection of a university's mission to focus on research is challenging. This article describes an approach to developing a culture of research in a school of nursing (SON) in a nonacademic health center university. Infrastructure changes and committed mentors were developed to move a dormant research culture into one characterized by a growing dynamism of camaraderie and espirit de corps about research and scholarly productivity. To sustain the momentum, a rapid mentor–faculty feedback loop was created so that within a 48-hour time frame, the mentor provided feedback to the faculty member. Timely and iterative feedback prompted discussions that led to more scientifically rigorous proposals and publications. Tailored approaches were adopted for junior and senior faculty. In the first academic year using this approach, publications increased by 144%, and grant proposal submissions increased by 169%, whereas presentations shifted toward more regional and national venues. The increased productivity was maintained over the next 2 years. Building and sustaining a culture of success in research require leadership and vigilance, infrastructure changes, and process-oriented initiatives.
Technical note: superselective gelfoam embolotherapy using a highly visible small caliber catheter

A new, highly visible and flexible 3F catheter has become available for superselective catheterization and embolization. We describe the first reported series of cases in which this catheter was used for superselective Gelfoam embolization of bleeding visceral arteries.
Synthesizing fluidic flexible matrix composite–based multicellular adaptive structure for prescribed spectral data:

A cellular adaptive structure concept based on fluidic flexible matrix composite is investigated for its potential of achieving multifunctionalities simultaneously. This structure consists of a string of fluidic-connected fluidic flexible matrix composite cells with different properties. When under dynamic loading, the structure exhibits distinct poles and zeros (spectral data). These spectral data can be assigned, by tailoring fluidic flexible matrix composite design, so that the structure can perform dynamic functions such as vibration absorption or actuation with enhanced authority. To fully explore the potential of the fluidic flexible matrix composite–based cellular structure, this article carries out two progressive tasks. The first task is to develop a dynamic model for the multicellular structure. This model incorporates the concept of constitutive parameters to describe the performance of individual fluidic flexible matrix composite cell. The second task is to develop a synthesis procedure to ass...
SEVEN YEARS OF PROJECT CALC AT DUKE UNIVERSITY APPROACHING STEADY STATE

ABSTRACT Duke University was the site of one of the first large scale calculus reform projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the post-Tulane conference era. In the seven years during which Project CALC has first taught, it has undergone numerous revisions. In this paper, we will discuss these revisions and the reasons behind them. In particular, we will describe the changes we have made over the last seven years in the: mathematical content; text; software and hardware; emphasis on computational skill; amount and nature of student writing; amount and nature of student homework; and grading, testing and assessment of student learning. The reasons for these changes include: examination of the results of our formal evaluation; the attitudes of students; and the attitudes of faculty. *Parts of this paper were presented at the Joint AMS/MAA Meetings on 11 January 1996.
A New Approach to Catalyze Template Polymerization of Aniline Using Electrostatically Multilayered Hematin Assemblies

Abstract In this work, we describe a new approach to catalyze the template polymerization of conducting polyaniline (Pani). Electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (ELBL) self‐assembly of a polyelectrolyte and a biomimetic catalyst, hematin has been utilized to construct a nanocomposite film catalyst. Poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and hematin have been used as polycation and counter anions, respectively. The absorption spectra by UV‐VIS‐NIR spectroscopy showed that a conductive form Pani was formed, not only as a coating on the surface of the ELBL composites, but was also formed in solution. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction rate was affected by pH and concentration of hematin in the multilayers. The feasibility of controlled desorption of hematin molecules from the LBL assembly was explored and demonstrated by changing pH and hematin concentration. It is believed that hematin sandwiched between positively charged polyelectrolytes in the composite films was slowly released into the solutio...
A robust transmit CSI framework with applications in MIMO wireless precoding

Transmit channel side information (CSIT) can improve performance of MIMO wireless systems by means of precoding. More complete and reliable CSIT provides more precoding gain. Instantaneous channel measurements provide the most potential gain, but suffer from delay-induced error due to channel temporal variation. Statistical channel knowledge provides less gain, but is reliable. In this paper, we propose a framework combining a possibly outdated channel measurement with the channel statistics - the mean and the covariance - to create a dynamic CSIT form, as a function of a correlation factor between the measurement and the current channel. The CSIT consists of an estimate of the current channel and the associated estimation error covariance, which function effectively as the channel mean and covariance. We apply a precoder design exploiting these channel statistics to illustrate the achievable gain and the robustness of the new CSIT framework
Critic's corner: Oral language and reading

(1977). Critic's corner: Oral language and reading. Reading World: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 71-78.
Resident evaluations: a computerized approach.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate and timely evaluation of resident performance is an essential part of a high-quality residency training program. To augment a periodic attending staff round-table discussion of each resident, a computerized resident evaluation software program has been used at our institution. CONCLUSION: Resident grading software not only provides more efficient data collection but also minimizes group influence bias and provides a wealth of statistical data on both individual residents and program sections. Data entry can be performed on a Windows NT networked IBM-compatible computer in each staff members' office at any convenient time. A previously time-consuming task has been transformed into a sophisticated, quick evaluation process with greater reliability, more meaningful and quantifiable data, and more simplified reporting mechanisms.
THE TRANSITION TO CONTINUOUS RICE CULTIVATION IN KALIMANTAN

ABSTRACT Population pressure induces Dyaks and Malay subsistence cultivators on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo) in Indonesia to make the transition from shifting to continuous wet cultivation of rice (sawah). The techniques used for continuous cultivation of rice are adapted from those used in wet shifting cultivation.
Satellite glial cells in the trigeminal ganglion as a determinant of orofacial neuropathic pain

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly envelop the perikarya of primary sensory neurons in peripheral ganglion and are identified by their morphology and the presence of proteins not found in ganglion neurons. These SGC-unique proteins include the inwardly rectifying K(+) channel Kir4.1, the connexin-43 (Cx43) subunit of gap junctions, the purinergic receptor P2Y4 and soluble guanylate cyclase. We also present evidence that the small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel SK3 is present only in SGCs and that SGCs divide following nerve injury. All the above proteins are involved, either directly or indirectly, in potassium ion (K(+)) buffering and, thus, can influence the level of neuronal excitability, which, in turn, has been associated with neuropathic pain conditions. We used in vivo RNA interference to reduce the expression of Cx43 (present only in SGCs) in the rat trigeminal ganglion and show that this results in the development of spontaneous pain behavior. The pain behavior is present only when Cx43 is reduced and returns to normal when Cx43 concentrations are restored. This finding shows that perturbation of a single SGC-specific protein is sufficient to induce pain responses and demonstrates the importance of PNS glial cell activity in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain.
Processing and surface flaw tolerance of alumina bilayers

Alumina bilayers of different relative thicknesses and densities were produced with a strong interface using a modified gel-casting technique. Tolerance to surface damage is examined using biaxial flexure of disks damaged with a single Vickers indentation at various loads. The greatest surface flaw tolerance is seen in bilayers consisting of a thin porous layer on the tensile surface coupled to a thick dense layer. Here, the modulus mismatch causes redistribution of the applied stress, and fracture initiates at the internal porous-dense interface rather than at the surface from the introduced indentation flaw.
An overview of subspace identification

This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of subspace identification methods for both open-loop and closed-loop systems. Practical considerations and future directions are given at the end of the paper.
A complex-number multiplier using radix-4 digits

This paper describes the design of a 16/spl times/16 complex-number multiplier developed as part of the arithmetic datapath of a complex-number digital signal processor. The complex-number multiplier internally uses binary signed digits for fast multiplication and compact layout. It employs the traditional three-multiplication scheme while minimizing the logic and delay associated with the three extra pre-multiplication binary additions which that scheme requires. The minimization comes from producing the redundant binary sum for each of the pre-multiplication binary additions with minimal hardware, and then recoding the redundant sums as radix-4 multiplier operands. The radix-4 operands halve the number of summands to be added in each of the three real multiplier units. Furthermore, an additional factor of two reduction in the number of summands is effectuated by our coding scheme for representing binary signed digits. The result is a fast and compact complex-number multiplier. >
Functional Quality Comparison of Whole Egg and Selected Egg Substitute Products

Abstract Functional characteristics of whole egg and selected egg substitute products have been compared. Custards made from the egg substitutes exhibited less sag and spread than did the whole egg custards, indicating that the chemical stabilizers added to the substitute products are functionally effective. Yellow cakes prepared from whole eggs, although smaller in cross sectional area than the substitute cakes, were judged to be superior in both flavor and overall acceptability. Scrambled egg products prepared from whole egg were also superior to the substitute products in flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Differences in the flavor attributes of these products have been associated with the presence of egg yolk components.