cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing an MBA Curriculum with AACSB in Mind.

This paper reports on our investigation of how AACSB standards can be woven into an MBA curriculum. The result is a bold move away from functional “silos” and a radical redesign using a cross-functional integrated approach. The Cotsakos College of Business’s curricular requirements were examined in order to determine whether or not they addressed the pertinent issues and were suitable educational criteria for conference of the Masters of Business Administration Degree at an AACSB international school.
Simultaneous Water Vapor and Dry Air Path Length Measurements with the Keck Interferometer Nuller

K-band phase and group delay measurements of atmospheric turbulence are used as part of the Keck Interferometer nuller cophasing system to provide high-bandwidth path length compensation at N band. Because of atmospheric dispersion, the path length fluctuations from dry air and water vapor must be estimated separately, and the computation of the N-band feedforward quantities from the K-band measurements is described. Simultaneous K and N-band sky data are presented that show good correspondence with the underlying atmospheric models. Simultaneous power spectra of dry air and water vapor path length turbulence measured on an 85 m baseline with the Keck Interferometer over 44 nights between 2007 June and 2009 July are also presented. From the median power spectra, the rms path length fluctuations at K band from water vapor are found to be 48 times smaller than those for dry air, and the absolute level of the water vapor path length fluctuations is found to be a factor of 2 smaller than predicted based on archival data from the CSO test radio interferometer. It is postulated that part of the difference is attributable to surface-layer water vapor turbulence, which would be smaller at the elevation of the Keck telescopes than for the test antennas, similar to surface-layer effects seen in dry air seeing at Mauna Kea. The midfrequency power spectral amplitude better characterizes the residuals for a feedforward compensation system, and this value is found to be a factor of 65 smaller at K band for water vapor than for dry air; the difference compared to the ratio of the rms values is attributable to the lower effective wind speed of the water vapor turbulence, and thus lower control bandwidths are required for compensation than a simple scaling based on rms fluctuations would indicate. The water vapor coherence time is also shown to have modest correlations with both precipitable water vapor and the dry air coherence time, although the variability of the water vapor turbulence strength is larger than that of the dry air turbulence.
A Special Care Dentistry Specialty: Sounds Good, But . . .

In December 2005, “the General Dental Council of Great Britain approved, in principle, the establishment of a specialty of Special Care Dentistry.”[1][1] An earlier commentary in the Journal of Dental Education similarly advocated in the United States for “the institution of the Special Care
Assessment of Biosecurity Procedures to Prevent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Cross Contamination

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a common virus among cattle, and there are many different strains of the virus. BVDV can cause mucosal disease in infected cattle. There are lab strains of BVDV used for testing, but there are also wild-type viruses that may develop within a herd or population. These wild-type strains can be dangerous due to cross contamination between herds. This project compares serum samples from two different herds on the basis of the antibody response to a wild-type virus isolated from a persistent infected animal in one of the herds. We tested for a possible cross contamination between a persistently infected herd and a non-persistently infected herd. Cross contamination can cause errors in data collected from the non-persistently infected herd. Serum neutralization testing was done to measure a response to a specific virus strain. Our results indicated that there was no cross contamination.
High-Q and Capacitance Ratio Multilayer Metal-on-Piezoelectric RF MEMS Varactors

This letter documents the design and characterization of integrated and continuously tuned, radio frequency multilayer metal noncontact varactors with low-power, large-displacement, thin-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators. The devices, with capacitances in the 0.019-0.23-pF range, achieved high quality factors at the maximum capacitance state (Q = 100 at 8.7 GHz) and tuning ratios as high as 11.6:1 at 20 V actuation with nW-power consumption. The devices utilize three electroplated copper (Cu) layers ( ~10 μm per layer) directly fabricated on PZT microelectromechanical system actuators.
Observations on the behaviour of a repeatedly absconding Apis andreniformis colony in northern Thailand

SummaryI observed a colony of Apis andreniformis in a mango orchard in northern Thailand over a period of 10 days in September 2009. Here I report on colour variability of the workers, and swarm shape and movement patterns as it absconded three times in that period. Twice the swarm built comb. Workers constructed resin bands to repel ants, and defended against hornets by shimmering and forming a tail. They were not aggressive toward me. Workers on the mantle ventilated, head downwards, in the heat of the day when struck by sunlight. Dancing occurred on the crown of the swarm, all but one observed dance of short (1–2 sec) duration. One longer, staggering dance may have indicated a pending relocation by the swarm.
Investigating the Impact of Body Mass Index on Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Outcomes in Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on completion, complications, and clinical outcomes of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.MethodsPatients with optimally cytoreduced International Federation of Gyneco
State Taxing Power after Direct Marketing Association v. Brohl

The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals’ recent decision in Direct Marketing Association v. Brohl marked another entry into the ongoing saga regarding the scope of state taxing power over remote vendors. That decision, along with the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in an earlier iteration of the litigation, has predictably increased the debates regarding the meaning and validity of the Court’s long-standing physical presence rule and the merits of congressional intervention. One could thus view the Direct Marketing litigation as the potential catalyst that will break the stasis regarding this issue at the Supreme Court and in Congress. To the contrary, however, that litigation might represent nothing more than another blip on the nexus radar. This article evaluates those possibilities and how the DMA decision has impacted the debates regarding state taxing power going forward.
Previewing: A Catalyst for Coordinating Developmental Functions

Foremost among the questions confronting developmental theorists is the issue of how the infant perceives the stimuli impinging upon him from the external world and how this seemingly incomprehensible panoramic swirl of visual, auditory, and tactile imagery comes to be organized in a meaningful fashion. One way of probing this issue is to begin with information that is known about the neonate’s developmental capabilities. It is known, for example, that even neonates just a few minutes old possess a degree of sensory awareness that acquaints them with the external environment. Various physiological tests have verified visual, auditory, and tactile awareness and sensitivity that is surprisingly acute, and such measures as the the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment have confirmed that indeed newborns are relating to the world with an impressive sensory apparatus. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to explain the process whereby the neonate’s incipient perceptual skills mature to the point of enabling him to decipher the external environment in a sophisticated manner.
Spaces: Civic, Public, Private and Social

On 16 November 1795 a crowd numbering perhaps 30,000 gathered in New Palace Yard for a meeting of Westminster electors, organized by Charles James Fox to rally the borough against proposed legislation whose intent was to restrict public meetings. Fox, angered by ‘the most daring attack made on the Constitution since the Revolution’, was, nevertheless, fearful about ‘all the calumny that will be thrown upon us on account of the countenance which we shall be represented as giving to the Corresponding Society and others, who are supposed to wish the overthrow of the Monarchy’. He worried as well that since the government had recruited his opponents to attend the meeting there might be a riot.1 The government feared Fox legitimizing an alternative to parliament—a mass platform in the very heart of the body politic—as Wilkes had done three decades earlier. The king therefore urged his leading ministers to keep the avenues near parliament clear by using the military. Portland, the Home Secretary and Lord Chancellor Loughborough agreed to have sufficient constables and soldiers to enforce order and to prevent Fox employing Westminster Hall.2
Wear, strength, modulus and hardness of CAD/CAM restorative materials

Abstract Objective To measure the mechanical properties of several CAD/CAM materials, including lithium disilicate (e.max CAD), lithium silicate/zirconia (Celtra Duo), 3 resin composites (Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate, Paradigm MZ100), and a polymer infiltrated ceramic (Enamic). Methods CAD/CAM blocks were sectioned into 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm × 16 mm bars for flexural strength and elastic modulus testing and 4 mm thick blocks for hardness and wear testing. E.max CAD and half the Celtra Duo specimens were treated in a furnace. Flexural strength specimens (n = 10) were tested in a three-point bending fixture. Vickers microhardness (n = 2, 5 readings per specimen) was measured with a 1 kg load and 15 s dwell time. The CAD/CAM materials as well as labial surfaces of human incisors were mounted in the UAB wear device. Cusps of human premolars were mounted as antagonists. Specimens were tested for 400,000 cycles at 20 N force, 2 mm sliding distance, 1 Hz frequency, 24 °C, and 33% glycerin lubrication. Volumetric wear and opposing enamel wear were measured with non-contact profilometry. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analysis (alpha = 0.05). Specimens were observed with SEM. Results Properties were different for each material (p Significance Resin composite and resin infiltrated ceramic materials have demonstrated adequate wear resistance for load bearing restorations, however, they will require at least similar material thickness as lithium disilicate restorations due to their strength.
Alteration of epithelial paracellular permeability during corneal epithelial wound healing.

We studied the paracellular permeability to mannitol of corneas with epithelium of corneal, limbal, or conjunctival origin. Corneas with epithelial defects reepithelialized by corneal or limbal epithelium were nonvascularized; the corneal permeability was initially increased and returned to normal 3 days later. When epithelial defects extended beyond the limbus, they were healed by conjunctival epithelium. If corneas remained avascular or minimally vascularized, the conjunctiva-derived epithelium underwent a transdifferentiation process into a cornealike morphology in which the corneal permeability was initially increased upon complete reepithelialization, and gradually decreased to a level similar to that of normal cornea, 4 weeks after healing. However, when corneas became vascularized, the conjunctiva-derived epithelium retained its original phenotype, and corneal permeability remained increased throughout the 8-month period of study. The deranged barrier functions noted in the above vascularized cornea were demonstrated further by horseradish peroxidase tracer, which was found in the intercellular spaces of conjunctiva-derived epithelium of vascularized corneas but not in the avascular corneas with epithelia of corneal or limbal origin, or transdifferentiated conjunctival epithelium. To study further the effect of subsequent ocular surface trauma, conjunctival biopsy was performed on transdifferentiated avascular corneas 3 months after initial wounding. The biopsy resulted in extensive vascularization in three of eight previously nonvascularized corneas. Two weeks later, the corneal permeability was increased to a level similar to that of conjunctiva. These results indicate that corneal epithelial paracellular permeability correlates well with the status of the epithelial phenotype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:429-435,1990
CMAT non-volatile spintronic computing: complementary MTJ logic

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have thoroughly demonstrated their utility as a non-volatile memory storage element, inspiring their application to a memory-in-logic computer that would overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. However, MTJ logic gates must be able to cause other MTJs to switch, thus ensuring the cascading capability fundamental to efficient computing. Complementary MTJ logic (CMAT) provides a simple circuit structure through which MTJs can be cascaded directly to perform logic operations. In this novel logic family, charge pulses resulting from MTJ switching create magnetic fields that switch other MTJs, providing impetus for further development of MTJs for computing applications.
Spitefulness and humor styles

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the association between spitefulness and humor styles. To examine this association, 539 participants completed self-report measures assessing their spitefulness, basic personality dimensions, and humor styles. Spitefulness was positively correlated with the injurious humor styles (i.e., aggressive humor and self-defeating humor) and negatively associated with the benign humor styles (i.e., affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor). Taken together, these findings show that spiteful individuals are more likely to belittle, degrade, and harm others and themselves by employing injurious humor styles. These findings extend our knowledge regarding the connections between personality traits and humor styles.
A CIM (Common Information Model) Based Management Model for Clouds

The recently emerged Cloud Computing paradigm poses new management challenges because of its complex, heterogeneous infrastructure. A cloud contains infrastructure (Servers, Storage, Networks), applications (web apps, database, backup etc.) from various vendors. Generally, different vendor products are managed (discovery, provisioning, monitoring etc.) by their own proprietary management software. Today, in clouds there is no standard way to manage infrastructure and applications using a single management framework. This will cause cloud management a complex task and creates interoperability issues. The Cloud infrastructure cannot be easily replaced due to dependency on the management software. In this paper we will present various independent CIM (Common Information Model) based Management models available as today, their applicability to cloud infrastructure, advantages etc.
Abstract 177: Pharmacological Inhibition of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Attenuates Intima Hyperplasia in Vein Grafts

Background. Veins structurally and functionally remodel after being grafted into the arterial circulation. Many factors regulate vein graft (VG) remodeling, but the overall process is not adequately understood. We reported previously that genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) enhances intimal hyperplasia (IH) of murine VGs. However, the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 on VG remodeling are unknown. Methods and Results. We studied the effects of PAI-039, a small molecule that specifically inhibits free PAI-1, but not vitronectin (VN)-bound PAI-1, on VG remodeling. A segment of vena cava from a donor C57BL/6J mouse was inserted into the right carotid artery of a recipient mouse. Two groups were studied: 1) PAI-039 group, n=8; VG was coated with pluronic gel (50 μL) containing PAI-039 (25 μg/mL) during surgery; after surgery mice received PAI-039 (44 ug/kg by intraperitoneal [IP] injection) every other day for 3 weeks. 2) control group, n=8; mice received identical treatment, except that PAI-039 was omitted from pluronic gel and IP injection buffer. Four weeks later, mean intimal thickness and area were significantly less in PAI-039 treated mice than in controls (41.5±7.7 vs. 84.2±21.4 μm, and 0.17±0.044 vs. 0.34± 0.10 mm 2 , respectively, P P Conclusion. PAI-039, a specific pharmacological PAI-1inhibitor, inhibits neointima formation in VGs. This finding contrasts with our previously reported data indicating that genetic PAI-1 deficiency promotes VG IH. This paradox is most likely explained by the pleiotropic actions of PAI-1 and the capacity of PAI-039 to inhibit free PAI-1, which is motogenic, but not VN-bound PAI-1, which inhibits SMC migration. Regardless of mechanism, our results suggest that pharmacological PAI-1 inhibition may be a useful strategy to inhibit adverse VG remodeling and emphasize that mouse knock-out models do not necessarily predict the biological impact of pharmacological inhibitors.
Custom views of reference ontologies.

Generating “views” over reference ontologies allows them to be customized for use within specific application contexts. In this project we investigated the operations necessary to generate one such custom ontology view. We catalogued the involved operations as a first step in defining the requirements of a formal view definition language.
Diagnostic Value of Noninvasive Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Assessing Hemodynamically Significant Native Coronary Artery Lesions.

Abstract Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an established noninvasive imaging modality for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging is an emerging noninvasive method for detecting myocardial ischemia. Combined CTA with CTP provides a more comprehensive noninvasive evaluation of patients with intermediate coronary artery lesions. The objective was to determine the diagnostic performance of CTP with and without CTA in the assessment of hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions in comparison to invasive fractional flow reserve. PubMed and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 2010 through December 2015. Nine original studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of CTP with and without CTA to invasive coronary angiography in the assessment of hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions were selected for this study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−, respectively) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. A total of 543 vessels were evaluated with CTA + CTP and the sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR− and DOR were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.89) 0.94 (CI: 0.91-0.97), 15.8 (CI: 7.99-31.39), 0.146 (CI: 0.08-0.26) and 147.2 (CI: 69.77-310.66). Summary receiver operating characteristics results showed area under the curve of 0.97 indicating that CTA + CTP may detect hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions with high accuracy. A total of 676 vessels were evaluated with CTP alone and the sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR− and DOR were 0.83 (CI: 0.78-0.87), 0.84 (CI: 0.80-0.87), 5.26 (CI: 2.93-9.43), 0.209 (CI: 0.12-0.36) and 31.97 (CI: 11.59-88.20). The sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR− and DOR of CTA alone (860 vessels) were 0.90 (CI: 0.87-0.93), 0.72 (CI: 0.68-0.75), 3.27 (CI: 2.46-4.36), 0.122 (0.06-0.23) and 29.61 (CI: 15.62-56.12). The results of this meta-analysis suggest that adding CTP to CTA significantly improves diagnostic performance of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery lesions compared to CTA alone. CTA with CTP is closely comparable with invasive fractional flow reserve and is a feasible noninvasive method to assess hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Degradation of SiC MOSFETs with gate oxide breakdown under short circuit and high temperature operation

Reliability of power semiconductor switches is important when considering their vital role in power converters for aerospace, railways, hybrid electric vehicles, and power system applications. Due to technology advancements in material sciences, power MOSFETs manufactured with wide band gap materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) have been proposed as an alternative to existing silicon (Si) based MOSFETs and IGBTs. In consideration to thin oxide films and high electric field of SiC MOSFETs, gate oxide breakdown and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) calculations are necessary to completely understand the reliability of SiO 2 on SiC. In this paper TDDB measurements using anode hole injection (1/E) model that are carried under high electric field of 4–7MV/cm and high temperature of 125 °C and 200 °C are presented. The experiments are also carried under high repetitive short circuit currents at elevated temperatures to accelerate the testing. It is observed that time to breakdown tBD reduces with increase in electric field. Since repeated short circuits results in heat inside the device under test due to dissipation, gate oxide degradation accelerates with more reduction in the time to breakdown.
Plant ecology: Coexistence of tropical tree species.

For decades, ecologists have struggled to explain how so many tropical tree species can coexist. Kelly and Bowler1 propose that differences in recruitment fluctuation and competitive abilities among closely related tree species could promote coexistence, and data from a tropical deciduous forest in western Mexico seem to confirm their predictions. We argue, however, that the tests of their model's predictions make fundamentally flawed assumptions about both size–age relationships in trees and the factors that influence population size structures. As such, their results are potentially misleading and lack the necessary rigour to “reject all other theories of coexistence”.
Pervasive, Coordinated Protein-Level Changes Driven by Transcript Isoform Switching during Meiosis

To better understand the gene regulatory mechanisms that program developmental processes, we carried out simultaneous genome-wide measurements of mRNA, translation, and protein through meiotic differentiation in budding yeast. Surprisingly, we observed that the levels of several hundred mRNAs are anti-correlated with their corresponding protein products. We show that rather than arising from canonical forms of gene regulatory control, the regulation of at least 380 such cases, or over 8% of all measured genes, involves temporally regulated switching between production of a canonical, translatable transcript and a 5' extended isoform that is not efficiently translated into protein. By this pervasive mechanism for the modulation of protein levels through a natural developmental program, a single transcription factor can coordinately activate and repress protein synthesis for distinct sets of genes. The distinction is not based on whether or not an mRNA is induced but rather on the type of transcript produced.
Nasal vestibulitis: an under-recognized and under-treated side effect of cancer treatment?

To evaluate the frequency of nasal symptoms termed nasal vestibulitis, including nasal dryness, crusting, bleeding, and pain, among patients receiving systemic, antineoplastic therapy. Patients undergoing systemic antineoplastic therapy were interviewed regarding the presence of nasal symptoms. In an explorative approach, Fisher’s exact tests were used to identify groups in which frequencies of nasal symptoms were higher than the comparator arm. To account for potential confounding factors, including demographic variables and concurrent therapies, logistic regression analyses were performed, and estimated proportions with their standard errors (SEs) and odds ratios (ORs) were reported. Forty-one percent of the 100 surveyed patients had nasal symptoms, including dryness, pain, bleeding, and scabbing. Higher frequencies were reported among those who had received taxanes (71%) and VEGF-related therapies (78%). For the patients who had received taxanes, after controlling for other factors, the odds of experiencing nasal symptoms were 4.86 times higher than those for patients who did not receive taxanes (90% CI 2.01, 11.76). For patients who received VEGF-related therapies, after controlling for other factors and exposure to taxanes, the odds of experiencing nasal symptoms were 7.38 (90% CI 1.68, 32.51) times higher than those for patients who did not. Sixty-one percent of patients with symptoms said they reported them to their provider, but only 41% of chart notes contained documentation of such; 49% of patients reported treating their symptoms. Nasal vestibulitis is common among patients receiving taxane- and VEGF-related therapies; these symptoms are infrequently recorded or treated by healthcare providers.
Teaching Methods Utilized During Medical Resuscitations in an Academic Emergency Department.

Author(s): Weichenthal, Lori A.; Ruegner, Rawnie; Sawtelle, Stacy; Campagne, Danielle; Ives, Crystal; Comes, James | Abstract: Introduction: One important skill that an emergency medicine trainee must learn is the resuscitation of the critically ill patient. There is research describing clinical teaching strategies used in the emergency department (ED), but less is known about specific methods employed during actual medical resuscitations. Our objective was to identify and describe the teaching methods used during medical resuscitations.Methods: This was a prospective study involving review of 22 videotaped, medical resuscitations. Two teams of investigators first each reviewed and scored the amount and types of teaching observed for the same two videos. Each team then watched and scored 10 different videos. We calculated a Cohen’s kappa statistic for the first two videos. For the remaining 20 videos, we determined means and standard deviations , and we calculated independent two-tailed t-tests to compare means between different demographic and clinical situations.Results: The Cohen’s kappa statistic was K=0.89 with regard to number of teaching events and K=0.82 for types of teaching observed. Of the resuscitations reviewed, 12 were in coding patients. We identified 148 episodes of teaching, for an average of 7.4 per resuscitation. The amount of teaching did not vary with regard to whether the patient was coding or not (p=0.97), nor based onwhether the primary learner was a junior or senior resident (p=0.59). Questioning, affirmatives and advice-giving were the most frequently observed teaching methods.Conclusion: Teachers use concise teaching methods to instruct residents who lead medical resuscitations. Further research should focus on the effectiveness of these identified strategies.
Interferon-γ directly induces gastric epithelial cell death and is required for progression to metaplasia

Chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, often caused by autoimmune gastritis and/or infection with Helicobacter pylori, can lead to atrophy of acid-secreting parietal cells with metaplasia of remaining cells. The histological pattern marks a critical step in the progression from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer, yet underlying mechanism(s) of inflammation-induced cell death of gastric epithelial cells are poorly understood. We investigated direct effects of a type 1 cytokine associated with autoimmunity and infection, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), on gastric epithelial cells. IFN-γ was applied to three-dimensional organoid cultures of gastric epithelial cells derived from gastric corpus gland (gastroids) of control and IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice. Gastroids were also treated with supernatants from activated immune cells isolated from a mouse model of autoimmune-mediated atrophic gastritis (TxA23) with and without IFN-γ expression. Finally, histopathological analysis of atrophy and metaplasia severity was performed in TxA23 mice and compared to TxA23 × Ifng-/- mice. Gastric epithelial cells in gastroid cultures expressed IFN-γ receptor in the basolateral membrane, and gastroids died when treated with IFN-γ in an IFN-γ receptor-dependent manner. Supernatants from immune cells containing high levels of IFN-γ were highly toxic to gastroids, and toxicity was tempered when IFN-γ was either neutralized using a monoclonal antibody or when supernatants from Ifng-/- mouse immune cells were used. Finally, TxA23 × Ifng-/- mice showed near-complete abrogation of pre-cancerous histopathological atrophy and metaplasia versus IFN-γ-sufficient controls. We identify IFN-γ as a critical promoter of parietal cell atrophy with metaplasia during the progression of gastritis to gastric atrophy and metaplasia. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultivating inclusivity in precision medicine research: disability, diversity, and cultural competence.

Cultural competence is increasingly viewed as key for the inclusion of diverse populations in precision medicine research (PMR) in the USA. Precision medicine researchers and personnel are thus increasingly expected to undergo cultural competency trainings and to engage with relevant racial/ethnic communities to ensure that all research components are culturally and linguistically sensitive to these communities. However, the need for PMR enterprises to ensure competence with and understanding of disability rights, history, and needs (hereinafter disability culture competency) have not received attention. This article discusses the importance of disability inclusivity in PMR and the construct—and challenges—of disability as a cultural community. Reviewing and extrapolating from studies in healthcare settings, the article considers three interrelated issues that are likely to impact disability inclusivity in PMR: disability accessibility and accommodation; disability stigma and unconsious bias; and disability language and communication. Next, disability competency trainings that were developed in healthcare settings are surveyed and their applicability for PMR is discussed. The arguments advanced are that disability culture competency among precision medicine researchers, personnel, and oversight committees is essential to upholding the welfare and rights of human subjects with disabilities in PMR; that engagement with disability communities is imperative for this endeavor; and that such knowledge of disability culture is crucial for cultivating inclusivity of people with different (dis)abilities in PMR.
The Timing of Corticosteroid Injections After Arthroscopic Shoulder Procedures Affects Postoperative Infection Risk.

Background:Corticosteroid injections are sometimes used in the postoperative period after shoulder arthroscopy; however, a well-defined safety profile has not been established.Purpose:To examine th...
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Trauma

Trauma affects all sociodemographic profiles and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in patients less than forty years of age. A variety of endoscopic tools and techniques initially used for iatrogenic etiologies (post-operative bile or pancreatic duct leaks, intra-procedural perforation) have been adopted for use in the gastrointestinal trauma victim. The purpose of this review is to highlight a variety of gastrointestinal traumatic complications where endoscopy can serve a complement and/or definitive management strategy.
Pastoralism and Development Policy in Ethiopia: A Review Study

Pastoralism is a culture, livelihoods system, extensive use of rangelands. It is the key production system practiced in the arid and semi-arid dryland areas. Recent estimates indicate that about 120 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists life worldwide, of which 41.7% reside only in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Pastoralists live in areas often described as marginal, remote, conflict prone, food insecure and associated with high levels of vulnerability. Pastoral communities of Ethiopia occupy 61% of the total land mass and 97% of Ethiopian pastoralists found in low land areas of Afar, Somali, Oromiya, and SNNPR. In spite pastoral areas have significance role in national economy, yet very little consideration was given to pastoral development and policy makers often neglect them, focusing on the interests of agriculture and urban people. The constitution of Ethiopia gives pastoral communities the right to free land grazing, fair use of natural resources, have market access and receive fair price, and not displaced from their own lands. However, pastoralists have faced new problems in recent years, including competition for water and pasture; unrepresented in socio-economic and political activities, ethnic based conflicts, poverty, and uneven drought and climate changes. The government of Ethiopia began large scale efforts to develop the pastoral areas and initiated different projects, but pastoral development policies and strategies seem to be state centrally-driven. In Ethiopia the current nature of pastoralism and pastoral communities’ life style is changing. Therefore, government needs to develop policies and strategies which are based on local customs and practical knowledge.
Rickettsia and Anaplasma species in Dermacentor andersoni ticks from Washington.

Abstract Dermacentor andersoni, the Rocky Mountain wood tick, occurs predominantly in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. There are relatively few contemporary data to evaluate the occurrence of Rickettsia and Anaplasma species in D. andersoni in western North America, and even less information about these associations in the state of Washington, where this tick species is widely distributed and often bites humans. We used PCR assays to detect DNA of Rickettsia and Anaplasmataceae bacteria in 203 adult D. andersoni ticks collected from 17 sites in 9 counties of Washington between May 2012 and May 2015. Of these, 56 (27.6 %) were infected with a Rickettsia species and 3 (5.4 %) with a member of the Anaplasmataceae family. Rickettsia peacockii, R. bellii and R. rhipicephali were found in 17.7 %, 4.9 %, and 4.4 % of the Rickettsia positive ticks, respectively. Coinfections of R. bellii with R. peacockii or R. rhipicephali were identified in 6 ticks. Of the Anaplasmataceae-positive ticks, one was identified as being infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum AP-Variant 1. No ticks were infected with a recognized human or animal pathogen, including R. rickettsii, A. phagocytophilum-ha, A. bovis, or A. marginale.
Effect of Sensor Quality on Relative State Estimation of Formation Flying of Satellites

One of the most important challenges involved in the formation flight of satellites is that of state estimation in terms of relative and inertial estimates. In near earth spacecraft GPS measurements are commonly used to solve this problem and for deep space missions the DSN is used. The objective of this paper is to determine sensitivities of relative state estimation errors to varying sensor quality in a GPS-denied environment. This paper considers a Chief-Deputy architecture that will travel in an elliptical orbit with a perigee in Low-Earth Orbit and an apogee in Mid-Earth orbit (MEO). While in the GPS-available zone, the Chief satellite will process GPS measurements to determine its state relative to the Earth-Centered Inertial (ECI) frame. Measurements are taken of range and range-rate of the Deputy relative to the Chief throughout the orbit and processed using an Indirect, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The states being estimated are the position and velocity of each satellite, along with sensor biases. A Monte-Carlo simulation is developed to validate the consistency of the EKF covariance estimates. Only two satellites are considered for simplicity, though the formation can be expanded to include an arbitrary number of satellites. Following validation of the EKF, the covariance estimates are used to identify trends in relative state estimation for the two-satellite formation as a function of sensor parameters. Specifically, the sensitivity of state estimation to range and range-rate sensor quality is assessed by analyzing covariance as a function of range and range-rate bias. The resulting analysis provides a preliminary estimate of system performance, enabling the selection of system components to meet future mission requirements.
Multi-hazard climate risk projections for the United States

Climate risk is a consequence of climate hazards, exposure, and the vulnerability (IPCC 2014). Here, we assess future (2040–2049) climate risk for the entire contiguous US at the county level with a novel climate risk index integrating multiple hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities. Future, weather and climate hazards are characterized as frequency of heat wave, cold spells, dryer, and heavy precipitation events along with anomalies of temperature and precipitation using high resolution (4 km) downscaled climate projections. Exposure is characterized by projections of population, infrastructure, and built surfaces prone to multiple hazards including sea level rise and storm surges. Vulnerability is characterized by projections of demographic groups most sensitive to climate hazards. We found Florida, California, the central Gulf Coast, and North Atlantic at high climate risk in the future. However, the contributions to this risk vary regionally. Florida is projected to be equally hard hit by the three components of climate risk. The coastal counties in the Gulf states of Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi and Alabama are at high climate risk due to high exposure and hazard. High exposure and vulnerability drive high climate risk in California counties. This approach can guide planners in targeting counties at most risk and where adaptation strategies to reduce exposure or protect vulnerable populations might be best applied.
Longitudinal Analysis of Circulating Markers of Bone Turnover Across Multiple Decades in Osteoporotic Women.

Purpose The objective of this study was to analyze changes in serum markers of bone turnover across multiple decades in osteoporotic women compared with nonosteoporotic controls, to determine their utility as potential predictors for osteoporosis . Early prediction of those at risk for osteoporosis can enable early intervention before the irreversible loss of critical bone mass. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 20 women given the diagnosis of osteoporosis after age 46 years and 20 age-matched women with normal bone mineral density from 4 time points in their life (ages 25–31, 32–38, 39–45, and 46–60 years). Serum levels of bone turnover markers (propeptide of type I collagen , parathyroid hormone , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase , osteocalcin , C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, sclerostin , osteoprotegerin , osteopontin , and 25-OH vitamin D) were measured using commercially available arrays and kits. We used logistic regression to assess these individual serum markers as potential predictors of osteoporosis, and mixed-effects modeling to assess the change in bone turnover markers between osteoporotic and control groups over time, then performed fivefold cross-validation to assess the classification ability of the models. Results Markers of bone turnover, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, sclerostin, and osteocalcin were all independent predictors at multiple time points; osteopontin was an independent predictor in the 39- to 45-year age group. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated moderately strong classification ability at all time points. Sclerostin levels among groups diverged over time and were higher in the control group than the osteoporotic group, with significant differences observed at time points 3 and 4. Conclusions Serum markers of bone turnover may be used to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis development in individuals over time. Although prospective validation is necessary before recommending widespread clinical use, this information may be used to identify patients at risk for developing low bone mineral density long before traditional screening would ostensibly take place. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Prediction and Cross-validation of an Energy Expenditure Equation in Walking or Running in Asian Adults.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing across the world. Knowledge of the actual energy expenditure (EE) of walking and running can lead to a more precise exercise prescription which may contribute to obesity reduction or avoidance. Limited research has focused on EE prediction during walking or running in Asian adults. So, the aims of this study included developing an EE prediction equation and cross-validating the equation for Asian adults. METHODS A total of 85 Asians participated to test EE through indirect calorimetry. Linear regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and a dependent t-test and Chow statistical test were used to cross-validate the equation. RESULTS Predicting EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, yielded the following equation: EE = 0.933 * (Body Weight) - 4.127 * Gender (M = 1, F = 2) + 44.256 (standard error of estimate, SEE = 12.1 kcal·mile-1). A dependent t-test revealed no significant difference between measured EE (101.4 ± 4.3 kcal) and predicted EE (100.0 ± 2.8 kcal) (p = 0.546). Also, the coefficients for body weight and gender between the development prediction equation and the predicted equation in the cross-validation group were not significantly different (p = 0.365). CONCLUSION The cross-validation results supported the validity of our predicted equation in Asians. In a practical field setting, exercise professionals could apply this equation for assessing EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, in normal weight (body fat percentage ≤ 22 for males, ≤ 35 for females) and overweight (body fat percentage > 22 for males, > 35 for females) Asian adults.
Association of NT-ProBNP, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Events: The ARIC Study.

Background Although intensive blood pressure reduction has cardiovascular benefits, the absolute benefit is greater in those at higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives This study examined whether N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) helps identify subjects at higher risk for CVD events across systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), or pulse pressure (PP) categories. Methods Participants from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study visit 4 (1996 to 98) were grouped according to SBP, DBP, or PP categories and further stratified by NT-proBNP categories. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident CVD (coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, or heart failure hospitalization) and mortality across combined NT-proBNP and/or BP categories, adjusting for CVD risk factors. Results There were 9,309 participants (age: 62.6 ± 5.6 years; 58.3% women) with 2,416 CVD events over a median follow-up of 16.7 years. Within each SBP, DBP, or PP category, a higher category of NT-proBNP (100 to Conclusions Elevated NT-proBNP is independently associated with CVD and mortality across SBP, DBP, and PP categories and helps identify subjects at the highest risk. Participants with stage 1 hypertension but elevated NT-proBNP had greater cardiovascular risk compared with those with stage 2 SBP but lower NT-proBNP. Future studies are needed to evaluate use of biomarker-based strategies for CVD risk assessment to assist with initiation or intensification of BP treatment.
User Interface Design: A Structured Approach

Contains cross references to the companion book User Interface Evaluation, 1994. After an introduction giving a historical perspective and definitions, a section on prerequisite knowledge areas discusses user capabilities, computer applications and capabilities, interaction characteristics, represe
Mouse Models of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

The hallmarks of advanced calcific aortic valve stenosis include massive accumulation of amorphous or bone-like calcium and the excessive production and accrual of collagen and extracellular matrix proteins. These histopathological changes are frequently associated with increases in valvular lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltrate, pro-inflammatory cytokine elaboration, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. In the search for key mechanisms underlying the calcification and fibrosis that drive progression of valvular stenosis, animal models have played an integral role. To date, mouse models of hypercholesterolemia have been the predominant model of choice [1–4].
Effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC).

We previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of Shigella flexneri in HeLa cells by disruption of the type III secretory system (TTSS) of both enteropathogens. To determine whether these effects were specific to the TTSS, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogens whose virulence is not TTSS dependent. Bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1.0 and 0.1 mg/mL inhibited EAEC growth. Saturation with iron reversed the bacteriostatic effect. Lactoferrin under nonbacteriostatic conditions decreased EAEC adherence to HEp-2 cells as evaluated by microscopy and CFUs; this effect was not iron dependent. Lactoferrin inhibited EAEC biofilm formation and increased autoagglutination. Lactoferrin blocks EAEC adherence by inducing release and degradation of aggregative adherence fimbria, a key element of EAEC pathogenesis. We hypothesized that lactoferrin binding to li...
An Empirical Analysis of Housing Price Appreciation in a Market Stratified by Size and Value of the Housing Stock

This paper examines the relationship between house size and appreciation, and house value and appreciation evidenced in the data collected from a single geographic region. The analysis of the data ...
Flexible margin selection for reranking with full pairwise samples

Perceptron like large margin algorithms are introduced for the experiments with various margin selections. Compared to the previous perceptron reranking algorithms, the new algorithms use full pairwise samples and allow us to search for margins in a larger space. Our experimental results on the data set of [1] show that a perceptron like ordinal regression algorithm with uneven margins can achieve Recall/Precision of 89.5/90.0 on section 23 of Penn Treebank. Our result on margin selection can be employed in other large margin machine learning algorithms as well as in other NLP tasks.
An Enlightening Structure-Function Relationship

Mutation and structural data elucidate distinct mechanisms by which different antibodies bind and induce luminescence of dye molecules.
The concentration and distribution of acid phosphatase in the human stomach, with particular reference to gastric carcinoma.

Summary 1.Twenty stomachs were studied for acid phosphatase content by the postincubation coupling technique of Seligman and Rutenberg. 2.The enzyme was found only in the cytoplasm of the epithelial lining cells and never in the nuclear structure. 3.The stain tended to be more intense in the deeper parts of the gastric glands and was absent in the submucosa. 4.Study of stomachs from patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastritis, pernicious anemia with polyp, and gastric cancer revealed considerable variation of staining. 5.There was no significant alteration from normal in concentration of acid phosphatase in either tumor-bearing or tumor-free portions of cancerous stomachs or in benign gastric ulcer and gastritis. 6.In pernicious anemia with polyp, a premalignant condition, concentration and distribution of acid phosphatase in the stomach was similar to that found in the other diseases studied.