cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VecScreen_plus_taxonomy: imposing a tax(onomy) increase on vector contamination screening.

Motivation Nucleic acid sequences in public databases should not contain vector contamination, but many sequences in GenBank do (or did) contain vectors. The National Center for Biotechnology Information uses the program VecScreen to screen submitted sequences for contamination. Additional tools are needed to distinguish true-positive (contamination) from false-positive (not contamination) VecScreen matches. Results A principal reason for false-positive VecScreen matches is that the sequence and the matching vector subsequence originate from closely related or identical organisms (for example, both originate in Escherichia coli). We collected information on the taxonomy of sources of vector segments in the UniVec database used by VecScreen. We used that information in two overlapping software pipelines for retrospective analysis of contamination in GenBank and for prospective analysis of contamination in new sequence submissions. Using the retrospective pipeline, we identified and corrected over 8000 contaminated sequences in the nonredundant nucleotide database. The prospective analysis pipeline has been in production use since April 2017 to evaluate some new GenBank submissions. Availability and implementation Data on the sources of UniVec entries were included in release 10.0 (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/UniVec/). The main software is freely available at https://github.com/aaschaffer/vecscreen_plus_taxonomy. Contact aschaffe@helix.nih.gov. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Implementation of a School-Based Bullying Program.

A bully is defined as anyone who participates in any form of repetitive negative and hurtful behavior, with the intent of inflicting harm (Highmark & Center for Safe Schools, 2013). Purpose: The pu...
CHARACTERIZATION OF ENKEPHALINASES

Summary A search for membrane bound brain enzymes capable of degrading3H-leu-enkephalin yielded three types of hydrolytic activities: 1. aminopeptidase(s) which cleave the tyr-gly bond, generating tyr. 2. a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase A) which cleaves the gly-phe bond, generating tyr-gly-gly and 3. a dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (enkephalinase B) which cleaves the gly-gly bond, generating tyr-gly. The regional distribution and effect of various substrates on the hydrolysis of 3H-leu-enkephalin suggests that enkephalinase A is not the angiotensin converting enzyme.
Axonal Transport and Intracellular Sorting of Glycoconjugates

The movement of material along axons was first described in the now classic studies of Weiss and Hiscoe (1948). These investigators observed that when a ligature was placed on a nerve, axonal material accumulated proximal to the tie, resulting in a swelling of the nerve. Following removal of the ligature the swollen region was displaced down the nerve at 1–2 mm/day. Various adaptations of this technique, combined with the application of radioisotope methodology introduced to the field in the early 1960s, have led to the elucidation of a complex system of intracellular traffic within axons. While a full understanding of the mechanisms of axonal transport remains to be achieved, much has been learned as summarized below.
Cell Separation by Endless Fluid Belt Electrophoresis

The objective of endless fluid belt electrophoresis (Kolin, 1960, 1964, 1966, 1967a, b), is roughly analogous to the objective of mass spectroscopy. In the latter, a continuous stream of particles is to be split into discrete nonparallel streams carrying corpuscles differing from each other in the value of a physical parameter (e/m). In the case of the electrophoretic method considered here, the separation parameter is the electrophoretic particle mobility µ.
On the intellectual sources of modern atheism

The fundamental principles that have determined modern culture since the eighteenth century conflict with those that have given rise to traditional theism. Some have described the modern ones as implicitly 'atheistic'. The term is not new. Socrates was branded with it for undermining the polytheist religion of his time and so, in a different way, was Epicurus. Those who attempted to rethink the nature of transcendence have always been called atheists. Yet both believed in God or the gods. Closer to our own time the pious Spinoza was charged with atheism for having articulated the relation between transcendence and immanence in concepts that varied from the traditional ones. The stigma adhered to his name all through the eighteenth century. Lessing's reputation as a religious thinker changed overnight when Jacobi revealed his Spinozistic leanings. Even the devout Fichte lost his chair at the university of Jena in the Atheismusstreit. The 'atheism' dealt with in this paper was both more radical and more comprehensive. It consisted not in a shift of the relation between immanence and transcendence, but in a gradual evanescence of the very idea of transcendence. Unlike earlier 'atheisms', it failed to replace what it abolished. It was in fact the final stage in an intellectual movement derived from Christian theological assumptions. Nominalist theology in the late Middle Ages had, in a one-sided emphasis on divine omnipotence, ruptured the bond of analogy that had linked Creator and creature. This changed the relation between reason and revelation in a
Assembled Identities and Intersectional Advocacy in Literacy Research.

In this article, I present an overview of intersectionality, and its critiques as well as make visible how it is enacted in elementary school classrooms. I focus primarily on issues of gender expre...
An Eddy Current Method for Flaw Characterization from Spatially Periodic Current Sheets

Early NDE research primarily focused on the ability to develop techniques which could detect flaws in structures. Eddy currents, induced by exciting coil probes placed over a structure, were found to be a valuable tool in detecting flaws in conducting materials. In recent years, efforts have been expanded from the detection of defects to a more quantitative characterization of flaws. In metallic structures, the important flaw characteristics consist of the flaw’s depth, position, size, shape, and material properties (flaw electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability etc.). This paper continues our efforts of the past two years to recover flaw characteristics from eddy current data.
Assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes residing on chromosomes 14 and 29 for association with carcass composition traits in Bos indicus cattle

Objective of this study was to assess the association of SNP in the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), thyroglobulin (TG), and micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease (CAPN1) genes with carcass composition and meat quality traits in Bos indicus cattle. A population of Brahman calves (n = 479) was developed in central Florida from 1996 to 2000. Traits analyzed were ADG, hip height, slaughter weight, fat thickness, HCW, marbling score, LM area, estimated KPH fat, yield grade, retail yield, sensory panel tenderness score, carcass hump height, and cooked meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. Single nucleotide polymorphisms previously reported in the TG and DGAT1 genes were used as markers on chromosome 14. Two previously reported and two new SNP in the CAPN1 gene were used as markers on chromosome 29. One SNP in CAPN1 was uninformative, and another one was associated with tenderness score (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of variation affecting meat tenderness. All three informative SNP at the CAPN1 gene were associated with hump height (P < 0.02). The TG marker was associated with fat thickness and LMA (P < 0.05), but not with marbling score. No significant associations of the SNP in the DGAT1 gene were observed for any trait. Allele frequencies of the SNP in TG and CAPN1 were different in this Brahman population than in reported allele frequencies in Bos taurus populations. The results suggest that the use of molecular marker information developed in Bos taurus populations to Bos indicus populations may require development of appropriate additional markers.
Changing the DNA landscape: putting a SPN on chromatin.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription and replication each occur on DNA templates that are incorporated into nucleosomes. Formation of chromatin generally limits accessibility of specific DNA sequences and inhibits progression of polymerases as they copy information from the DNA. The processes that select sites for initiating either transcription or replication are therefore strongly influenced by factors that modulate the properties of chromatin proteins. Further, in order to elongate their products, both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to overcome the inhibition presented by chromatin (Lipford and Bell 2001; Workman and Kingston 1998).
Viewpoint - Utilizing Data from Prevalent Technologies for Atmospheric Research

Over the past decade, the Internet of Things and smart devices have become increasingly common as part of the technological infrastructure that surrounds us. The flow of data generated by these systems is characterized by enormous granularity, availability and coverage. As a result, new opportunities are being opened to utilize the newly available information for various needs and, in particular, for atmospheric research.
Chapter 14 Consumption and investment

Publisher Summary Consumption and investment expenditure together account for 80 percent of gross national product (GNP) in the United States and for a similarly large percentage of GNP in other major economies. This chapter discusses the behavior of consumption and investment focusing on the response of these components of spending to changes in income and to changes in assets markets. The effects of income and interest rates on consumption and investment are discussed in the chapter. Since the 1950s, the economic models of consumption behavior have explicitly recognized that in making consumption decisions, consumers take account of their lifetime resources rather than simply their current income. The simple permanent income model is applicable to the consumption of nondurable goods and services. However, the model is not applicable to consumers' expenditures on durable goods. Because durable goods produce services to consumers over several periods, these goods are consumed over several periods. Because the expenditure on a durable good usually takes place in one period, it is important to distinguish the consumption of durable goods from the expenditure on these goods.
Impact of dissolved salts on two-phase flow and boiling heat transfer in a natural circulation loop

Abstract Two-phase natural circulation and boiling experiments are conducted in this study with artificial seawater as a heat transfer fluid or process coolant. This experimental work is focused on understanding the role of dissolved salts in water on the steady state two-phase natural circulation flow rates. Mass flow rates were measured at different heat flux levels with artificial seawater, deionized water and tap water in the experimental loop. It was found that the average quasi-steady state mass flow rates were the same at any particular heat flux level regardless of the fluid being used. Artificial seawater coolant exhibited more stable natural circulation at higher heat flux as compared to the other two coolants. Mass flow measurements recorded at 2 s intervals show that magnitude of flow oscillations are much higher in case of tap water and deionized water. Also, high speed camera images revealed that the bubble departure diameters are smaller in seawater compared to tap or deionized water. This can be attributed to the increased local wettability due to the presence of dissolved salts in the fluid. Visual observations of the riser section showed that bubble coalescence and formation of slugs is inhibited in the seawater. These observations also explain the reduced pressure drop across test section when seawater was used as a coolant.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Writing of Students with Visual Impairments:

Introduction:Not much is known about the writing skills of students with visual impairments, and this research is often limited to subgroups of the population or subskills. A more comprehensive app...
The Differential Effects of Fear and Tranquility on Risk Taking When Probabilistic Information is Communicated in Verbal Terms

Verbal probability expressions are often used to communicate risk in decision making situations. We tested the argument that fear would lead to more pessimistic risk perceptions and higher risk aversion than tranquility when the verbal probability expression used to communicate risk is more (vs. less) ambiguous. In Experiment 1, using a dispute resolution context, we found that fear led to a lower impasse rate than tranquility when the probability of winning in court was described using the ambiguous probability word ‘a chance’ than when less ambiguous probability words were used (i.e., doubtful, probable). In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect using a risky-choice task. Participants in the fear condition were more likely to choose the safe option than those in the tranquil emotion condition when risk was communicated using the ambiguous probability word ‘a chance’ (vs. ‘doubtful’ and ‘probable’). The implications of these findings for emotion, risk taking, and risk communication literatures are discussed.
Forum on Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Acute Care

This forum provides some insights into the process of initiating a clinical service to enhance patient–provider communication. It also provides a report of a large-scale clinical trial that introdu...
Pediatric patient portal use in one health system.

Objective The study sought to assess, for children in one large health system, (1) characteristics of active users of the patient portal (≥1 use in prior 12 months), (2) portal use by adolescents, and (3) variations in pediatric patient portal use. Materials and methods We analyzed data from the electronic health record regarding pediatric portal use during 2017-2018 across a health system (39 871 pediatric patients). Results Altogether, 63.5% of pediatric patients were active portal users. Children (proxies) who were boys, privately insured, white, and spoke English were more likely to be active users. Common uses involved messaging with physicians, medications, allergies, letters, and laboratory results. By 15 years of age, >50% of adolescents used the portal by themselves (without a proxy). Pediatric portal use varied widely across practices. Discussion Pediatric or adolescent portal use is quite high, but large variations exist. Conclusion Use of the portal for pediatric care may reflect varying pediatric patient engagement.
Recent outcomes of the extracardiac Fontan procedure in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Objective: To investigate patient-related factors, echocardiographic, and anatomic variables associated with immediate and long-term clinical outcomes after extracardiac Fontan procedure at our institution. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of preoperative cardiac catheterizations and echocardiograms as well as medical records of all children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent Fontan between June 2002 and December 2018. Results: Seventy-seven patients with HLHS were included (age 4 years [1.5–11.7]). Seventy patients (91%) received a nonfenestrated Fontan and 57 patients (74%) underwent Fontan without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Presence of a Fontan fenestration (P = 0.69) and use of CPB (P = 0.79) did not differ between those with Conclusion: In HLHS patients undergoing Fontan, preoperative weight and IVC diameter appeared to have no influence on immediate postoperative outcomes. Performing the Fontan off CPB and with a fenestration also conferred no added clinical benefit. These observations should be considered when deciding optimal timing for Fontan completion.
Expression of nectin-1 and HVEM by tumor cells predicts sensitivity to herpes oncolytic therapy

3370 Attenuated, oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) can infect and lyse a variety of malignant tumor cell lines. However, the determinants of tumor sensitivity to oncolytic HSV remain poorly understood. For successful infection of a tumor cell to occur, HSV-1 must attach and fuse with the cell membrane through one of three receptors (nectin-1, HVEM, 3-OST). We hypothesized that the level of receptor expression by tumor cells is a determinant of sensitivity to HSV entry and oncolysis. A panel of eight head and neck (1386, MSK922, 1986, SCC15, SCC25, HN686, MSKQLL1, MSKQLL2) and lung (H322, 2030, A157, H1299) carcinoma lines were studied. The CHOK1 cell line does not express nectin-1 or HVEM, and was used as a control. The expression of cell surface nectin-1 and HVEM receptors was measured by quantitative FACS using monoclonal fluorescent antibodies. Two parameters were measured: the average number of antibody binding sites per cell (ABS) and overall percentage of positive cells (PPC). An attenuated, oncolytic HSV (NV1023) expressing lacZ was used to determine sensitivity to HSV entry and cytotoxicity for each cell line. Viral entry was measured by lacZ assay (MOI 5, 12 hrs). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay (MOI 0.1, 72 hrs). Correlations as determined by Pearson’s coefficient between nectin-1 ABS and viral entry (0.52) or cytotoxicity (0.56) were both significant (p
Gender and Ethnic Variation in Emerging Adults’ Recalled Dating Socialization in Relation to Current Romantic Attitudes and Relationship Experiences

We investigated emerging adults’ retrospective accounts of the family and peer socialization in relation to possible sexual double standards. With a sample of 672 ethnically diverse emerging adults (M = 19.4 years; 51% female), we tested whether recalled socialization messages about dating liberally (i.e., dating multiple persons) predicted women’s and men’s current preferences to date liberally (i.e., to date multiple persons) and dating relationship experiences (number of lifetime sexual partners and current romantic satisfaction). As expected, recalled socialization messages predicted current attitudes about dating liberally; and current attitudes were negatively related to relationships satisfaction and positively to number of sexual partners. Ethnicity moderated the association between gender and socialization to date liberally. Findings highlight the potential of families and peers to influence relationship attitudes and outcomes within diverse cultural contexts.
Current and Future Challenges of Functional MRI and Diffusion Tractography in the Surgical Setting: From Eloquent Brain Mapping to Neural Plasticity

Decades ago, Spetzler (1986) and Sawaya (1998) provided a rough brain segmentation of the eloquent areas of the brain, aimed to help surgical decisions in cases of vascular malformations and tumors, respectively. Currently in clinical use, their criteria are in need of revision. Defining functions (eg, sensorimotor, language and visual) that should be preserved during surgery seems a straightforward task. In practice, locating the specific areas that could cause a permanent vs transient deficit is not an easy task. This is particularly true for the associative cortex and cognitive domains such as language. The old model, with Broca's and Wernicke's areas at the forefront, has been superseded by a dual-stream model of parallel language processing; named ventral and dorsal pathways. This complicated network of cortical hubs and subcortical white matter pathways needing preservation during surgery is a work in progress. Preserving not only cortical regions but most importantly preserving the connections, or white matter fiber bundles, of core regions in the brain is the new paradigm. For instance, the arcuate fascicululs and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus are key components of the dorsal and ventral language pathways, respectively; and their damage result in permanent language deficits. Interestedly, the damage of the temporal portions of these bundles -where there is a crossroad with other multiple bundles-, appears to be more important (permanent) than the damage of the frontal portions - where plasticity and contralateral activation could help. Although intraoperative direct cortical and subcortical stimulation have contributed largely, advanced MR techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tractography (DT), are at the epi-center of our current understanding. Nevertheless, these techniques posse important challenges: such as neurovascular uncoupling or venous bias on fMRI; and appropriate anatomical validation or accurate representation of crossing fibers on DT. These limitations should be well understood and taken into account in clinical practice. Unifying multidisciplinary research and clinical efforts is desirable, so these techniques could contribute more efficiently not only to locate eloquent areas but to improve outcomes and our understanding of neural plasticity. Finally, although there are constant anatomical and functional regions at the individual level, there is a known variability at the inter-individual level. This concept should strengthen the importance of a personalized approach when evaluating these regions on fMRI and DT. It should strengthen the importance of personalized treatments as well, aimed to meet tailored needs and expectations.
Intensification of Dryland Cropping Systems for Bio-feedstock Production: Energy Analysis of Camelina

Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), as a bioenergy and bio-product feedstock, may be grown as a rotation crop in the wheat-based cropping system to increase land use efficiency in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). In this study, which was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in central Montana, we evaluated the energy balance of three 2-year cop rotational sequences that included camelina-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CAM-WW) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-winter wheat (BAR-WW) compared with a traditional fallow-winter wheat (FAL-WW) rotation. Results indicated that 52 and 57 % more energy input was invested in CAM-WW and BAR-WW compared to FAL-WW system (9182 MJ ha−1), respectively. In all rotations, nitrogen fertilizer was the most energy-consuming input and accounted for 76, 68, and 69 % of the total energy used in wheat, barley, and camelina production, respectively. Averaged over 3 years, CAM-WW and BAR-WW systems yielded 34 and 29 % greater gross energy output compared with FAL-WW. The CAM-WW and BAR-WW also outperformed FAL-WW by 30 and 6 % in terms of net energy output. No significant differences in energy efficiency were found between the FAL-WW and CAM-WW systems. Taking into account of the greater net energy as well as similar values of energy use efficiency, the CAM-WW system performed better than the traditional FAL-WW system under rainfed conditions in central Montana. There is a good potential to improve the energy efficiency of the CAM-WW cropping system (by more than 26 %) through refinement of agronomic practices, mainly nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application, which can further enhance the sustainability of camelina feedstock production.
Augmentation and Facilitation of Oxygen Transfer in Flowing Hemoglobin Solutions

Oxygen transfer was studied in hemoglobin solutions in tube flow at wall shear rates between 200 s-1 and 1000 s-1. Measurements of the bulk oxygen transfer are compared with an analytical model including the effect of the carrier-facilitation of the hemoglobin. Over the range considered this increases the effective diffusion coefficient by almost a factor of three. The addition of hemolyzed red cells, keeping the total hemoglobin concentration constant, provided an additional increase in the effective diffusion coefficient of over 60%. This implies that a sizable increase occurs in the effective diffusion of the hemoglobin molecule, apparently due to the motion of the red cells in the shear field of the fluid. The increase in transport matches well with quantitative estimates of the translational motion of red blood cells.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents Interstitial Cardiac Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Hypertensive Heart Disease

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is ~50% of all heart failure (HF) diagnoses, however, standard HF therapies show no efficacy in HFpEF. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), improve outcomes in coronary heart disease and HF with reduced ejection fraction, but whether this benefit extends to HFpEF is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of EPA and DHA on remodeling following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. TAC induced concentric hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction similar, in several respects, to remodeling in HFpEF. Diastolic dysfunction correlated with the extent of interstitial fibrosis and hypertrophy after TAC (R2=0.39, P=0.02; R2 = 0.34, P=0.04, respectively), but systolic dysfunction did not (R2=0.19, P = 0.14; R2=0.07, P=0.40). Interestingly, blood levels of EPA (n=58, P=0.04), but not DHA (n=58, P=0.63), inversely correlated with interstitial fibrosis after TAC. Ho...
Observations of SST-Induced Perturbations of the Wind Stress Field over the Southern Ocean on Seasonal Timescales

The surface wind stress response to sea surface temperature (SST) over the latitude range 308‐608 Si n the Southern Ocean is described from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s QuikSCAT scatterometer observations of wind stress and Reynolds analyses of SST during the 2-yr period August 1999 to July 2001. While ocean‐atmosphere coupling at midlatitudes has previously been documented from several case studies, this is the first study to quantify this relation over the entire Southern Ocean. The spatial structures of the surface wind perturbations with wavelengths shorter than 108 latitude by 308 longitude are closely related to persistent spatial variations of the SST field on the same scales. The wind stress curl and divergence are shown to be linearly related, respectively, to the crosswind and downwind components of the SST gradient. The curl response has a magnitude only about half that of the divergence response. This observed coupling is consistent with the hypothesis that SST modification of marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) stability affects vertical turbulent mixing of momentum, inducing perturbations in the surface winds. The nonequivalence between the responses of the curl and divergence to the crosswind and downwind SST gradients suggests that secondary circulations in the MABL may also play an important role by producing significant perturbations in the surface wind field near SST fronts that are distinct from the vertical turbulent transfer of momentum. The importance of the wind stress curl in driving Ekman vertical velocity in the open ocean implies that the coupling between winds and SST may have important feedback effects on upper ocean processes near SST fronts.
Sizing tumors with TNM classifications and rough sets method

In this paper, medical decision support systems for TNM (tumor characteristics, lymph node involvement, and distant metastatic lesions) classification aiming to divide cancer patients to low and high risk patients are presented. In addition, the system also explained the decision in the form of IF-THEN rules and in this manner performed data mining and new knowledge discovery. The case studies show that the system is robust and not dependent on the database size and the noise. The accuracy was almost 80% which is comparable with the accuracy of physicians and much better then obtained with more conventional discriminant analysis (62% and 67%).
Role of infiltrating macrophage in neuroinflammation following infection and obesity in mice (392.1)

Obesity, inflammation and infections are linked to increased cognitive impairment, anxiety and dementia in later life. Previous data from our lab demonstrate a diet high in saturated fat, leading to obesity, prolongs inflammation in the brains of latently herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected mice and results in increases in anxiety behaviors. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of infiltrating monocytes/macrophage to the prolonged neuroinflammation in the obese, latently infected mice. C57Bl/6 and CCR2RFP/+/CX3CR1GFP/+ mice, which allow for the differentiation of microglia from infiltrating mononuclear cells, were used in this study. Weanling mice were placed on the low fat diet. Five days post weaning, the mice were infected with a low dose of herpes simplex (HSV)-1. After 14 days half of the mice were moved to the 45% lard/soybean oil diet. At various points following infection, we determined the number and phenotype of infiltrating cells using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and ...
Eliding trans Latino/a queer experience in U.S. LGBT history: Jose Sarria and Sylvia Rivera reexamined

Formato ISO 690-2 (Articulos de revistas electronicas) Retzloff, Tim, Eliding trans Latino/a queer experience in U.S. LGBT history: Jose Sarria and Sylvia Rivera reexaminedCentro Journal [en linea] 2007, XIX ( ) : [Fecha de consulta: 31 de diciembre de 2017] Disponible en: ISSN 1538-6279
Simultaneous optimization of performance, energy and temperature for DAG scheduling in multi-core processors

This paper addresses the joint optimization of performance, energy, and temperature, termed as PET - optimization. This multi-objective PET-optimization is achieved in scheduling DAGs on multi-core systems. Our technique is based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for finding Pareto optimal solutions using scheduling and voltage selection. These solutions are not necessarily scalar values but can be in a vector form. We developed a Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm [2] (SPEA) based solution which is inherently superior to several other MOEA methods. The proposed algorithm obtains the Pareto vectors (or fronts) efficiently. The work is novel and original in the sense that no previous such optimization work has been reported to our knowledge for the PET-optimization scheduling problem. The strength of the proposed algorithm is that it achieves diverse range of energy and thermal improvements while staying close to the performance-optimal point to ensure efficient trade-off solutions. The proposed approach consists of two-steps. In the first step, Pareto fronts are generated. In the second step, one most optimal solution is selected. Simulation results on several benchmark task graph applications demonstrate that efficient solutions can be selected using the proposed selection method in polynomial time.
The gender gap in wages in Russia from 1992 to 1995

This paper examines the gender gap in wages in Russia from 1992 to 1995. It uses data on prime aged men and women from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and focuses on those living in urban areas. Differences in hours of work appear to explain about one half of the gender differential, but there is still a large differential in average hourly wages between men and women. Observable differences in characteristics between men and women explain almost none of the differential or the changes through time.
Countdown to the end [digital TV]

This paper discusses the different factors that contribute to the limited success of terrestrial digital television not just in the US but around the world. Although the US launched terrestrial digital broadcasts early in 1998, less than five percent of its 103 million households were equipped to receive them at the end of 2004. Fortunately, the technology is fast gaining momentum thanks in large part to government mandates for set design. Add a comprehensive market promotion plan aimed at consumers, and terrestrial digital TV broadcast service could begin to grow rapidly in the years ahead, bringing with it compelling and innovative digital services and an end to analog television.
On the chemical nature of DNA and RNA modification by a hemin model system

In order to model the interaction of hemin with DNA and other polynucleotides, we have studied the degradation of DNA, RNA, and polynucleotides of defined structure by [meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphinato]manganese(III) (MnTMPP) + KHSO5. The activated porphyrin was shown to release adenine, thymine, and cytosine from DNA; RNA degradation afforded adenine, uracil, and cytosine. The same products were obtained from single- and double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides of defined sequence, and also from single-stranded DNA and RNA homopolymers. The overall yield of bases from the dode-canucleotide d(CGCT3A3GCG) was equal to 14% of the nucleotides present initially, indicating that each porphyrin catalyzed the release of approximately 4 bases. Although no guanine was detected as a product from any of the substrates studied, the ability of MnTMPP + KHSO5 to degrade guanine nucleotides was verified by the destruction of pGp, and by the appearance of bands corresponding to guanosine cleavage following treatment of 32P end labeled DNA restriction fragments with activated MnTMPP. Inspection of a number of sites of MnTMPP-promoted cleavage indicated that the process was sequence-selective, occurring primarily at G residues that were part of 5'-TG-3' or 5'-AG-3' sequences, or at T residues. Also formed in much greater abundance were alkali-labile lesions; these were formed largely at guanosine residues. Also studied was the degradation of a 47-nucleotide RNA molecule containing two hairpins. Degradation of the 5'-32P end labeled RNA substrate afforded no distinct, individual bands, suggesting that multiple modes of degradation may be operative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A thermodynamically consistent rate-dependent model for turbulence—part II. Computational results

Abstract The governing equations of the thermodynamically consistent rate-dependent turbulence model developed in Part I are briefly reviewed. The requirements of the model are incorporated in a computer code (STARPIC-RATE). The computational model is used to simulate the mean turbulent flow fields behind a plane backward facing step, in a turbulent channel flow, and axisymmetric swirling and non-swirling flows through a pipe with sudden expansion. The results are compared with the available experimental data and the earlier simulations. The model predictions for the channel flow are also compared with those of a recent direct simulation of turbulence.
Nanoparticle Additive Manufacturing of Ni-H13 Steel Injection Molds

This paper reports a novel solid freeform fabrication process, Nanoparticle Additive Manufacturing (NAM), for dispersing nanoparticles into molten matrix for improved mechanical properties. In addition, it also presents the characterization of microstructure and hardness of the fabricated Ni-nanoparticles dispersed H13 steel gear-shaped molds.
The challenges of manufacturing in the globally integrated economy

As the world is now all connected economically, technically, and socially, manufacturers must aggregate products and services into customer solutions by implementing integrated manufacturing enterp...
Awareness of Text Structure: Effects on Recall*

Research in second language reading has shown relationships among reading comprehension, reading strategies, and metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (Block, 1986; Barnett, 1988; Carrell, 1989, Carrell, Pharis, & Liberto, 1989). Moreover, research with native speakers of English has shown differences in speakers’ awareness of particular expository text structures (comparison/contrast, description, causation, and problem/solution) and their recall of texts written in those structures (Richgels, McGee, Lomax, & Sheard, 1987). Whereas previous research in ESL has examined the effects of differences in rhetorical structure on learners’ recall of English narrative (Carrell, 1984a) and expository text (Carrell, 1984b, 1985), this ESL research has not investigated differences between learners’ awareness of particular text structures and their recall of texts written in those structures. Nor has the ESL research contrasted different measures of structure awareness. The study reported in this paper was designed to investigate these relationships in EFL/ESL reading. Forty-five high-intermediate proficiency ESL students produced written recalls of both comparison/contrast and collection of description texts. In addition, two different measures of awareness were included: (1)use of organization in written recall, and (2) recognition of organization in response to a probe question. Results showed that there were no differences in levels of awareness, regardless of how it was measured, due to differences in text structure, nor were there any differences in the quantity of information recalled between text structures. However, there were differences in the quality of information recalled as a function of text structure. Finally, in terms of relationships between awareness and recall, subjects who used the structure of the reading passages to organize written recalls showed superior recall both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Cocaine-induced sniffing stereotypy changes in response to threat.

"Cocaine-induced stereotypies" have been extensively investigated on the basis that they may be capable of providing insights into behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms relevant to drug abuse and addiction. Recent work has indicated that cocaine enhances a number of defensive behaviors, and, that cocaine-enhanced sniffing may be a functional behavior pattern, potentially related to defense, prompting an investigation of the effects of threat stimuli on cocaine-enhanced sniffing. When behaviors of saline control rats were evaluated in their home cages (HC), or on exposure to a toy cat (TC) or real cat (RC), they showed minimal crouching in the HC; initial crouching declining over 5 days of repetitions to the TC; and continued, high-level crouching to the RC. Cocaine (30 mg/kg, IP) enhanced defensiveness in situations in which it had declined in the TC and RC groups. It also produced high-level sniffing, declining over 5 test days, in the HC; initial low-level sniffing to the TC, increasing over 5 test days; and very low levels of sniffing to the RC. These and previous data contribute to a view that cocaine enhances, but does not directly induce, defensive behaviors. They also indicate that external threat stimuli such as the RC, or initial presentation of the TC suppress sniffing, with sniffing returning as habituation to novel but not intrinsically dangerous stimuli reduces defensiveness. This view suggests that some component of "sensitization of cocaine-induced sniffing stereotypy" may reflect a release from defensiveness-mediated suppression of sniffing over repeated injection/testing as the subject becomes habituated to the injection procedure and to novel test situations.
Characterizing the statistical properties and interhemispheric distribution of Dansgaard-Oeschger events

[1] Ice core records from Greenland show times of rapid warming, called Dansgaard-Oeschger events, during the most recent glacial period. Characterizing the nature of Dansgaard-Oeschger events is critical to our understanding of past glacial climates, as well as modern climate volatility. Here we present new methods for statistically evaluating two important characteristics of these rapid warming events which have been highly debated in the scientific community: whether their occurrence is cyclical and whether they have a regional or global distribution. We find that there is not enough evidence to conclude that Dansgaard-Oeschger events are cyclical; yet, importantly, there is a statistically significant lagged correlation between the Antarctica and Greenland records. These results may suggest that rapid warming events in Greenland are driven by internal climate variability and strongly imply that rapid climate changes in Greenland are led by smaller amplitude changes in Antarctica through an oceanic teleconnection.
A study of 4-(alkylamino)amino substituted 1,8-naphthalimide fluoroionophores

Abstract The fluorescence enhancement (FE) of five 4-(alkylamino)amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluoroionophores upon addition of sub-ppm concentrations of transition, post-transition, and lanthanide metal ions is investigated and the results are reported. Changes in (alkylamino)amine ligand chain length result in significantly different fluorescence enhancement behavior. 4-Diamino substituted 1,8-naphthalimides with two, three, and four carbons between amines exhibit fluorescence enhancement, while substituents of five- and six-carbon spacing between amines exhibit no fluorescence enhancement. Metal ion selectivity as measured by complexation coefficients (log β ) is observed with the ethylenediamine and propylenediamine substituted compounds for Cu 2+ , and metal ion selectivity for Pb 2+ is observed for the butanediamine derivative. Inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the distal nitrogen and the aromatic system by metal ion coordination to the distal amine is the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement for the ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, and butanediamine derivatives.
Arbitral standards in medical screening grievances

Recent media attention to employer's growing use of tests to detect the AIDS virus among employees has revived a longstanding public debate over the approriateness of workplace medical screening. Under current statutory and common law, employers are given considerable latitude to implement medical screening policies. Although Rothstein (1984) has speculated that collective bargaining may provide the strongest protection currently available against the misuse of medical screening by employers, there has been no comprehensive analysis of such protections. This article begins to address that gap in the literature by investigating the standards commonly applied by arbitrators in deciding grievances protesting adverse personnel allocation decisions that allegedly have been based, at least in part, on medical screening.
Rapid Development of Feature Binding in Visual Short-Term Memory

The binding of object identity (color) and location in visual short-term memory (VSTM) was examined in 6.5- to 12.5-month-old infants (N = 144). Although we previously found that by age 6.5 months, infants can represent both color and location in VSTM, in the present study we observed that 6.5-month-old infants could not remember trivially simple color-location combinations across a 300-ms delay. However, 7.5-month-old infants could bind color and location as effectively as 12.5-month-old infants. Control conditions confirmed that the failure of 6.5-month-old infants was not a result of perceptual or attentional limitations. This rapid development of VSTM binding between 6.5 and 7.5 months occurs during a period of rapid increase in VSTM storage capacity and just after a period of dramatic neuroanatomical changes in parietal cortex. Thus, the ability to bind features and the ability to store multiple objects may both depend on a process that is mediated by posterior parietal cortex and is perhaps related ...
C.I.Lewis’s calculus of predicates

In 1951 C.I.Lewis published a logic of general terms (or properties) that he called the calculus of predicates. Although this system is of less significance than Lewis’s earlier work on propositional modal logic, it has considerable historical interest and does not deserve the almost total neglect it has received. My aim here is to situate this system in the context of Lewis’s earlier work and to examine several of its central features.After sketching the historical background, I present the syntax of Lewis‘s system, discuss his reasons for preferring it to quantified modal logic, and develop a semantics for it that is suggested by Lewis‘s informal discussion of his system together with his general views on meaning.I then discuss Lewis’s sketchy extension of his system to include quantifiers and examine his claim that it can serve as a foundation for logic in general. I conclude by noting two minor changes in CP that, from today‘s vantage point, would count as improvements
The sources of two components of variance: an example of multifinger cyclic force production tasks at different frequencies

In a multifinger cyclic force production task, the finger force variance measured across trials can be decomposed into two components, one that affects the combined force output ("bad variance") and one that does not ("good variance"). Previous studies have found similar time patterns of "bad variance" and force rate leading to an approximately linear relationship between them. Based on this finding and a recently developed model of multifinger force production, we expected the "bad variance" during cyclic force production to increase monotonically with the rate of force change, both within a cycle and across trials at different frequencies. Alternatively, "bad variance" could show a dependence on task frequency, not on actual force derivative values. Healthy subjects were required to produce cyclic force patterns to prescribed targets by pressing on unidimensional force sensors, at a frequency set by a metronome. The task was performed with only the index finger, and with all four fingers. In the task with all four fingers, the "good variance" increased approximately linearly with an increase in the force magnitude. The "bad variance" showed within-a-cycle modulation similar to that of the force rate. However, an increase in the frequency did not lead to an increase in the "bad variance" that could be expected based on the natural relationships between action frequency and the rate of force change modulation. The results have been interpreted in the framework of an earlier model of multifinger force production where "bad variance" is a result of variance of the timing parameter. The unexpected lack of modulation of the "bad variance" with frequency suggests a drop in variance of the timing parameter with increased frequency. This mechanism may serve to maintain a constant acceptable level of variance under different conditions.
Kupffer cell-dependent hepatitis occurs during influenza infection.

Respiratory infections, including influenza in humans, are often accompanied by a hepatitis that is usually mild and self-limiting. The mechanism of this kind of liver damage is not well understood. In the present study, we show that influenza-associated hepatitis occurs due to the formation of inflammatory foci that include apoptotic hepatocytes, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and Kupffer cells. Serum aminotransaminase levels were elevated, and both the histological and serum enzyme markers of hepatitis were increased in secondary influenza infection, consistent with a primary role for antigen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis. No virus could be detected in the liver, making this a pure example of “collateral damage” of the liver. Notably, removal of the Kupffer cells prevented the hepatitis. Such hepatic collateral damage may be a general consequence of expanding CD8+ T-cell populations during many extrahepatic viral infections, yielding important implications for liver pathobiology.
Development of Insulating Materials for High Voltage Cables.

Firstly, possibilities on the improvement of breakdown characterisics in polyethylene is found and cable with 1.7 times higher Impulse breakdown strength is developed. It is also cleared the ratio of crystalline and amorphous part is the important factor to derermine breakdown characteristics. Secondly, it is pointed out that chemical structure of polyethylene influences crosslinking characteristics, and, the relation between crosslinking and physical properties are investigated. Thirdly, new insulating material for high voltage DC cable is developed and the mechanism on DC characteristics are cleared.