cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for progressive phosphorus limitation over long-term ecosystem development: Examination of a biogeochemical paradigm

To test predictions of ecosystem theory for changes in P cycling over primary succession, we determined soil phosphorus (P) in labile, primary mineral, organic, and occluded forms along a chronosequence of five wave cut terraces known as the “Ecological Staircase”. The Ecological Staircase terraces (T1-T5) transition naturally from fertile native coastal forests in California, USA, to diminutive pygmy vegetation over the span of > 500,000 years of pedogenesis. Soil P fractions were quantified to a depth of 40 cm on T1-T5 using a modified Hedley P fractionation procedure. Overall results confirmed the Walker and Syers Model of Phosphorus Transformations During Pedogenesis: total P declined from youngest (194 mg/kg P) to oldest (127 mg/kg P) sites; primary-mineral P decreased sharply from T1 to older sites; and occluded P dominated P pools at the oldest pygmy sites (T3-T5). In addition, foliar P concentrations declined markedly in the pygmy forest, and N/P of vegetation (T1: 6.03, T5: 14.4) and N/Porganic of mineral soils (T1: 6.10, T5: 25.3) increased significantly over time. Results point to P as the primary limiting nutrient in the pygmy forest, exemplifying the terminal steady-state of ecosystem retrogression that underlies the persistence of this unique ecosystem.
Spatial and spectral imaging using volume holograms

Summary form only given. Volume holograms possess outstanding selectivity to the properties of probing beams, such as angle, wavelength, and wavefront curvature. The selectivity can be used as filters in a microscope system. Multiplexing holograms makes it possible to image different sections of an object into different sensors at the same time, making single-shot image capture of the 4-D object (3-D spatial and spectral) possible. In this paper, we demonstrate two-dimensional imaging of fluorescent microspheres by a single volume hologram, and investigate the system characteristics.
Microengineering of Cellular Interactions

▪ Abstract Tissue function is modulated by an intricate architecture of cells and biomolecules on a micrometer scale. Until now, in vitro cellular interactions were mainly studied by random seeding over homogeneous substrates. Although this strategy has led to important discoveries, it is clearly a nonoptimal analog of the in vivo scenario. With the incorporation—and adaptation—of microfabrication technology into biology, it is now possible to design surfaces that reproduce some of the aspects of that architecture. This article reviews past research on the engineering of cell-substrate, cell-cell, and cell-medium interactions on the micrometer scale.
A Radar Study of Convective Cells in Mesoscale Systems in GATE. Part II: Life Cycles of Convective Cells

Abstract This is Part II of a two-part paper describing the vertical profile of radar reflectivity in GATE convective cells. Time-height radar life histories for 42 cells over three GATE days are examined, using data from the Quadra radar with 5-minute resolution. Mean profiles and plots of cell characteristics are generated, and confirm that the mean profiles in Part I are representative of the active portion of the cell lifetime. There are marked differences between the cell life histories of isolated cells and the longer-lived cells associated with mesoscale systems. In contrast to cells sampled in organized systems, the isolated cells are often of very limited vertical extent and must be dominated by the warm rain process. When forcing features exist such as gust fronts and intersecting lines of convection, they appear to dominate the generation of new convection, and isolated strong echoes are not observed. Composite life histories for typical GATE cells are constructed. The typical radar echo forms ...
Heuristics for Improving Forecast Aggregation

The aggregate prediction from a group of forecasters often outperformsthe individual forecasts from experts. In this paper, wepresent an improvement on the traditional “Wisdom of Crowds” aggregation technique that uses extra information elicited fromforecasters along with their prediction. An analysis of 64 forecastingquestions answered by a group of 1000+ novice predictorsshows that applying heuristic weighting rules to forecasts resultsin a 28% improvement in the accuracy of the group’s predictions.
Exercise in the heat. I. Fundamentals of thermal physiology, performance implications, and dehydration.

OBJECTIVE: To present the critical issue of exercise in the heat in a format that provides physiologic foundations (Part I) and then applies the established literature to substantial, usable guidelines that athletic trainers can implement on a daily basis when working with athletes who exercise in the heat (Part II). DATA SOURCES: The databases MEDLINE and SPORT Discus were searched from 1980 to 1999, with the terms "hydration," "heat," "dehydration," "cardiovascular," "thermoregulatory," "physiology," and "exercise," among others. The remaining citations are knowledge base. DATA SYNTHESIS: Part I introduces athletic trainers to some of the basic physiologic and performance responses to exercise in the heat. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: The medical supervision of athletes who exercise in hot environments requires an in-depth understanding of basic physiologic responses and performance considerations. Part I of this article aims to lay the scientific foundation for efficient implementation of the guidelines for monitoring athletic performance in the heat provided in Part II.
POWERS AND COMPUTATION

This chapter focuses on powers and computation. The powers of 10 are 10, 100, 1000, and so on. Powers are used to estimate the result of multiplication or division. Multiplication can be viewed as a shortcut for repeated addition. Repeated multiplication also occurs frequently. The product of two factors of three is (3) (3), which is nine. This product can be written as 3 2 . A square three centimeters on a side is nine square centimeters in area. The power of a ratio is the ratio of the powers. To multiply powers of the same base, the exponents are added. To divide powers of the same base, the exponents are subtracted. The pattern of periodic doubling is called exponential growth and it leads to huge increases. Animal populations, including humans, tend to grow exponentially until something stops them, such as famine, disease, or war.
Pilot undergraduate course teaches students about chronic illness in children: An educational intervention study

Background: Recent data question whether medical education adequately prepares physicians to care for the growing number of children with chronic medical conditions. We describe a 10-week course designed to provide undergraduate students with the knowledge and skills required to understand and care for children with chronic or catastrophic illnesses. The course presented the illness experience from the child's perspective and thus presented information in a manner that was efficient, conducive, and memorable. The curriculum was designed like a graduate-level seminar that included workshops, lectures, readings, writing, and lively discussions. Methods: This is an educational intervention study that used survey data to assess changes in attitudes among and between participants completing this course versus students not exposed to this course. We used Somers' D test and Fisher's z-transformation to perform both pre- and post-nonparametric comparisons. Results: Course participants were more likely to change their attitudes and agree that chronically ill children feel comfortable talking with their peers about their condition (P=0.003) and less likely to agree that these children want to be treated differently, want more sympathy, or care less about romantic relationships (P = 0.003, 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Controls were more likely to continue to agree that chronically ill children want to be treated differently (P = 0.009) and care less about romantic relationships (P = 0.02), and less likely to agree that these children talk openly or feel comfortable talking with their peers about their condition (P = 0.04). Conclusions: This classroom-based course serves as a feasible and cost-effective model for universities and medical schools to aid in improving student attitudes toward treating chronically ill children. The course provides the unique opportunity to learn directly from those who care for and those who have lived with chronic illness.
Erratum to: Safety and efficacy of a 100 % dimethicone pediculocide in school-age children.

Following the publication of the original article [1], an error was noticed by the authors. The statistics shown in Figure Two do not accurately reflect the results outlined in the text. To correctly reflect the text, the “subjects with/without live lice” graph in Fig. 2 (Fig. 1 here) should state 98.2 % for day 7 and 96.5 % for day 14 (at current the graph states 90.2 % for day 7 and 90.5 % for day 14). The correct figure is attached to this erratum, for your reference. Fig. 2 ᅟ
College teaching on sacred ground: Judeo-Christian influences on Black women faculty pedagogy

AbstractThis study examines the perceptions and ideals of Black women faculty in the US who self-identify as possessing strong faith commitments within a Judeo-Christian denomination. The study considers the influence religio-spirituality has on their perceptions of pedagogy and student engagement. There are four major findings that emerged in this study, organized within two veins: (1) Religio-spiritual educator ideal as a guide for ways of being and teaching in the academy; and (2) Religio-spirituality’s relationship to equity and emancipation. This study is significant in that it identifies a largely under-theorized religio-spiritual frame employed by many Black women faculty in the US, and contributes to the literature in its exploration of the ways Judeo-Christian Black women faculty can serve as important resources and change agents in US higher education.
Propofol-associated QTc prolongation.

Objectives:Propofol is a preferred agent for sedation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) due, in part, to its established safety profile. Despite this, recent case reports have suggested ...
Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from Central Noradrenergic Neurons by Calcium

Addition of CaCl2 to soluble preparations of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat medulla pons produces a marked activation of the enzyme assayed with subsaturating concentrations of tyrosine (10 µM) and pteridine cofactor (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine, 100 µM). While some increase in activity occurs with Ca++ concentrations as low as 10 µM, activation is maximal at 50 µM Ca++ and remains unchanged up to 1.0 mM. BaC12 produces similar although less pronounced effects. MgCl2 prevents the activation of the enzyme if added to the reaction mixture before CaCl2. Alone MgCl2 has no effect in concentrations up to 1 mM. Ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)- N,N '-tetraacetic acid has no direct effects on the enzyme but completely antagonizes the activation produced by Ca++. The activation of tyrosine hydroxylase by Ca++ is reflected in changes in the kinetic properties of the enzyme. The Km for tyrosine decreases from 58.1 to 10.3 µM, the Km for pteridine cofactor decreases from 673 to 125 µM, and the Ki for norepinephrine increases almost 20-fold, from 0.34 to 6.27 mM, in the presence of Ca++. Thus norepinephrine is a much less effective inhibitor of the Ca++-activated enzyme. The proposal is made that Ca++ which enters the nerve terminal during nerve stimulation may enhance norepinephrine synthesis by activating tyrosine hydroxylase in a manner similar to the activation observed in vitro with CaCl2. Similar findings are reported for tyrosine hydroxylase isolated from rat cerebral cortex. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Ms. Ilona Decerbo and Ms. Anne Morrison for their excellent technical assistance.
The Analysis on Anti-penetration Performance of Moist Saturated Concrete

The interaction between concrete target and projectile is a violent dynamical process.When the exist cavity-expansion theory is used for penetration depth calculation,the referred target material parameters are all static mechanical performance parameters,this must cause the disagreement between calculation result and actual state.For enhancing the precision of the depth engineering calculation,the response characteristics of concrete were considered,and the performance of anti-penetration of water saturated concrete on the basis of cylindrical cavity-expansion theory(CCET) was investigated.Penetration depth into water saturated concrete was calculated in engineering method with the SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) experimental data.The results indicate that the performance of anti-penetration of water saturated concrete is superior to the normal.
Research of Knowledge Transition in Industrial Chain:Taking Telecommunication Industry as Example

Based on the industrial chain composition and the knowledge characteristic,this article studies the functions of various enterprises,knowledge characteristics and knowledge transitions of various enterprises in industrial chain.In this foundation,we present a knowledge transition pattern based on the industrial chain,study the knowledge socialization,externalization,combination,internalization processes in this pattern.Finally,through the case analysis of the knowledge transition between Huawei Company and China Telecom,which belong to the upstream and downstream firms of China telecommunication industry,we give the proposal for the effective knowledge transition in the enterprises of the industrial chain.
Preimplantation Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can be performed for any single-gene disorder whose chromosomal location is known. More than 300 different single-gene conditions have been tested for, and worldwide testing has been performed in over 12,000 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles for this indication. Accuracy is high and embryo biopsy seems safe. Novel indications exist that are not possible with traditional prenatal genetic diagnosis. An example is HLA testing to identify a compatible embryo whose umbilical cord blood obtained at birth can be used for stem cell transplantation for an older, moribund sib. Other novel indications include non-disclosure testing to avoid transmission of a mutation for which the parent is at risk but does not wish to learn his/her genotype.
On Cauchy problems of thermal non-equilibrium flows with small data

We study the equations describing the motion of a thermal non-equilibrium gas with one non-equilibriummode. In three space dimensions it is a hyperbolic system of six equations with a relaxation term. The dissipation mechanism induced by the relaxation is weak in the sense that Shizuta-Kawashima criterion is violated. However, there is a significant difference between one dimensional and three dimensional flows in how the criterion is violated. As a consequence, the velocity components in their solutionsbehave differentlywhile thermal dynamic variables share common properties.
A good and most particular taste

Political authority needs many props, and in early eighteenth-century England luxury claret was among them. As in the seventeenth century, wine represented the court, the church, the landed classes, and the ruling elite more generally. In short, wine was still affiliated with all the pillars of political power, and since the Restoration era, claret had been the most politically potent of all wines. As we have seen, between the Exclusion Crisis and the end of Queen Anne’s reign, claret had become a well-established symbol of Tory interests and Whig fears. Nevertheless, the most prominent claret drinkers of the early eighteenth century were politically powerful Whigs.
Changes in psychiatry residents' attitudes towards individuals with substance use disorders over the course of residency training.

Background and Objectives Psychiatry residents provide care for individuals diagnosed with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders (SUDs). Small studies have shown that clinicians in general possess negative attitudes towards these dually diagnosed individuals. This is a serious concern, as clinicians’ stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with mental illnesses may have a particularly potent adverse impact on treatment. The goal of this study was to examine the attitudes of psychiatry residents towards individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia, multiple SUDs, co-occurring schizophrenia and SUDs, and major depressive disorder. Methods A questionnaire was sent to psychiatry residents (N = 159) around the country. It was comprised of two sections: (i) demographic information, which included information about level of training; and (ii) the 11-item Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) for individuals with the four different diagnoses. Results Psychiatry residents had more stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with diagnoses of SUDs with and without schizophrenia than towards those individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia or major depressive disorder alone. Senior residents possessed more negative attitudes towards individuals with SUDs than junior residents. Discussion and Conclusions The attitudes of psychiatry residents’ towards individuals with SUDs with and without schizophrenia were negative and were worse among senior residents. There were many potential reasons for these findings, including repeat negative experiences in providing care for these individuals. Scientific Significance The negative attitudes of psychiatry residents towards individuals with SUDs are worrisome. Future work is needed to better understand these attitudes and to develop interventions to improve them. (Am J Addict 2017;26:75–79)
A mixed integer programming model for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) attainment strategy analysis

The United States federal government establishes National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six pollutants, including ozone. States with areas designated in nonattainment of the standards are required to develop State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to demonstrate how pollution levels will be reduced to meet the standards. Historically, most states have developed SIPs independently. However, for ozone and other air pollutants, some states have agreed to cooperate to address regional pollution problems. These types of cooperative efforts have the potential to improve pollution control efficiency. We present a mathematical programming model that can help identify potential minimum-cost emissions control strategies that employ regional strategies. We present a series of national-level applications using information from a set of air quality simulations along with spatially and technologically detailed emissions control information. The model quickly evaluates alternative attainment planning scenarios, tests regional strategies, and identifies monitors that potentially have significant influence on attainment strategies. We present a national-level model that optimizes multipollutant emissions control strategies.The model combines detailed air quality and emissions control information.Marginal values of emission constraints estimate the influence of controlling monitors on attainment strategies.The model is potentially useful for states in exploring collaborative strategies for air quality management.
Meiotic crossovers are associated with open chromatin and enriched with Stowaway transposons in potato

Meiotic recombination is the foundation for genetic variation in natural and artificial populations of eukaryotes. Although genetic maps have been developed for numerous plant species since the late 1980s, few of these maps have provided the necessary resolution needed to investigate the genomic and epigenomic features underlying meiotic crossovers. Using a whole genome sequencing-based approach, we developed two high-density reference-based haplotype maps using diploid potato clones as parents. The vast majority (81%) of meiotic crossovers were mapped to less than 5 kb. The fine-scale accuracy of crossover detection was validated by Sanger sequencing for a subset of ten crossover events. We demonstrate that crossovers reside in genomic regions of “open chromatin”, which were identified based on hypersensitivity to DNase I digestion and association with H3K4me3-modified nucleosomes. The genomic regions spanning crossovers were significantly enriched with the Stowaway family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs). The occupancy of Stowaway elements in gene promoters is concomitant with an increase in recombination rate. A generalized linear model identified the presence of Stowaway elements as the third most important genomic or chromatin feature behind genes and open chromatin for predicting crossover formation over 10-kb windows. Collectively, our results suggest that meiotic crossovers in potato are largely determined by the local chromatin status, marked by accessible chromatin, H3K4me3-modified nucleosomes, and the presence of Stowaway transposons.
Performance analysis of fully explicit and fully implicit solvers within a spectral element shallow-water atmosphere model:

Explicit Runge–Kutta methods and implicit multistep methods utilizing a Newton–Krylov nonlinear solver are evaluated for a range of configurations of the shallow-water dynamical core of the spectral element community atmosphere model to evaluate their computational performance. These configurations are designed to explore the attributes of each method under different but relevant model usage scenarios including varied spectral order within an element, static regional refinement, and scaling to the largest problem sizes. This analysis is performed within the shallow-water dynamical core option of a full climate model code base to enable a wealth of simulations for study, with the aim of informing solver development within the more complete hydrostatic dynamical core used for climate research. The limitations and benefits to using explicit versus implicit methods, with different parameters and settings, are discussed in light of the trade-offs with Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication and memory an...
Distinguishing Thermal and Electronic Effects in Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy Using Oxide Heterostructures

Measuring time-resolved photoexcited properties in semiconductors is critical to the design and improvement of light-harvesting devices. Although ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy offers a promising route to understand carrier recombination mechanisms and quantify lifetimes, thermal contributions to the transient optical response can be significant and need to be properly accounted for to isolate carrier-induced contributions. We demonstrate the use of broadband ultrafast optical spectroscopy on type I heterostructures as a means to isolate transient effects that are solely thermal in nature. Specifically, we use transient absorption and reflectance spectroscopy to measure the time-resolved optoelectronic changes in photoexcited epitaxial bilayers of LaFeO3/LaMnO3 and monolithic thin films of these materials. Experiments and complementary numerical modeling reveal that thermal effects dominate the transient absorption and reflectance spectra above the band gap. Fitting the dynamics with a thermal diffusio...
Complex Algebraic Geometry Applied to Integrable Dynamics: Concrete Examples and Open Problems

In September 2002, the Notices of the American Mathematical Society launched a new feature, published in each issue since then, with the following mission statement: “This is the inaugural installment of the “WHAT IS. . . ?” column, which carries short (one- or two-page), nontechnical articles aimed at graduate students. Each article focuses on a single mathematical object, rather than a whole theory”.
Rat Pup’s Food Consumption as a Function of Preweaning Tastes and Odors

The exposure of immature rodents to distinctive foods or odors can cause these animals to subsequently recognize and orient towards the previously experienced stimulus. Cheal (1975) and Leon (1975) have provided excellent reviews of this literature. One method of undertaking such treatment is by feeding maternal rats some specially scented or uniquely flavored substance. Pups reared by such dams show a preference or tolerance for the distinctive cue which had been added to the food or water supply of their maternal caretaker (Bronstein and Crockett, 1976a, b; Capretta and Rawls, 1974; Galef, 1979; Galef and Henderson, 1972; Leon, 1977). The mechanisms responsible for these effects have received little attention, although vague allusions to an imprinting-like process have appeared (Burghardt and Hess, 1966; Porter and Etscom, 1974). The present investigations are attempts to determine the processes employed by rat pups in establishing a preference for their mother’s rations.
Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Malignancy

Throughout the four years that computed tomography (CT) has been capable of abdominal examination, a major application of the method has been the evaluation of patients known or suspected to have abdominal malignancy (1–8). CT has been especially effective in the detection of neoplasms located in sites that are least accessible to conventional radiography -- in the solid organs of the abdomen and in the retroperitoneal space. In addition to permitting the initial detection of tumors, CT provides clinically useful information about their size, extent, and effect on neighboring structures. The precise localizing ability of CT has led to its increased utilization in percutaneous aspiration biopsy of abdominal masses (9, 10) and in radiation treatment planning (11,12). Particularly relevant to medical oncology is the ability of CT to detect recurrence of certain tumors in post-operative patients and to permit accurate assessment of tumor response in patients who undergo non-surgical therapy.
Practical Implications: The Place of Playfulness in Everyday Living

This chapter discusses the role of playfulness (PF) in selected areas of everyday activities. The examination of the impact of PF is cast into a developmental framework. The chapter discusses the five areas that are of particular interest to the developmental psychologist and are in order of appearance in the life cycle: (1) the home; (2) the classroom; (3) career choices; (4) on-the-job satisfaction; and (5) the use of leisure. Play is the dominant behavior mode of the first 5 years of life. Play occurs when both setting and materials have been assimilated as part of the child's cognitive structure. The high school is an appropriate setting for the manifestation of playfulness in the treatment of subject matter. The ability of as if thinking has developed further and with proper encouragement, propositional thinking can be used in English literature, history, biology, and even mathematics. Psychological distancing, which allows emphasis on task orientation rather than on ego orientation, provides the climate for joy in mastery and humor in near misses or outright goofs.
Process Systems Engineering: Quo Vadis?

Abstract Process systems engineering, which in content if not in title has a history almost as old as the chemical engineering discipline itself, can rightly be proud of having had a remarkable and sustained impact on the chemical and related industries. Model based methodologies for process design, process control and operations have become firmly imbedded in industrial practice world-wide, with focused teams regularly applying these approaches and tools in virtually all major CPI corporations ( Stephanopoulos and Reklaitis, 2011 . Within academic environments, instruction in process design and control likewise was firmly embedded as a core part of the chemical engineering curriculum, beginning in the mid 60's. However, in the 90's through the early years after the turn of the century, this core gradually eroded, especially in US universities. While the US ABET criteria continue to emphasize that the chemical engineering curriculum should" enable graduates to design, analyze, and control physical, chemical, and biological processes", many departments gradually lost the in-house capabilities to provide the appropriate process engineering educational experience, have relied on adjunct faculty to meet those critical needs, and in some cases have simply scaled-back in delivering this educational experience. This was on the one hand driven by exciting developments in nanoscale materials and applied biological sciences and growth in associated research funding which stimulated departments to add faculty who could contribute to such efforts. On the other hand, declines in available research funding for PSE methodology from US R&D funding agencies coupled with reduction of industrial support for academic research in PSE areas, at least in part as a result of reduced capital investments within the developed world, caused departments to see PSE faculty candidates as less attractive contributors to the departmental research funding portfolio. Accordingly, faculty numbers in PSE declined while industry demand for engineers trained in PSE was sustained in part as a result of the needs in associated industries such as semiconductors and pharmaceuticals.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of Children in Family Child Care Homes: Are There Opportunities for Improvement?

Purpose: Many children attend family child care homes (FCCHs), an important setting to influence children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This study assessed children’s PA and...
Stream Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Concentrations Show Contrasting Long-term Trends Associated with Agricultural Change.

Stream water quality can be greatly influenced by changes in agricultural practices, but studies of long-term dynamics are scarce. Here we describe trends over 21 yr (1994–2014) in nutrients and suspended sediments in three streams in a Midwestern US agricultural watershed. During this time, the watershed experienced substantial changes in agricultural practices, most importantly a pronounced shift from conventional to conservation tillage. In the 1990s and early 2000s, NH₄, soluble reactive P, and suspended sediment concentrations (standardized for discharge and season) each declined significantly (>4–12% per year) in at least two of the three streams (P < 0.01), whereas NO₃ changed relatively little. However, since the early 2000s, declines in NH₄ and sediment concentrations have slowed, soluble reactive P concentrations have not declined and may actually have increased, and NO₃ concentrations have declined sharply. The more recent lack of decline in soluble reactive P coincides with a plateau in the prevalence of conservation tillage and may be because of increased soil P stratification due to long-term reduced tillage. The more recent decline in NO₃ may be due to improved efficiency of N fertilizer use, increased soil denitrification, and/or declines in atmospheric N deposition. Our study shows that stream concentrations of N, P, and sediment can respond in contrasting ways to changes in agriculture, and that temporal trends can moderate, accelerate, or reverse over decadal timescales. Management strategies must consider contrasting temporal responses of water quality indicators and may need to be adaptively adjusted at scales of years to decades.
Effects of Low-Dose Flumioxazin and Metribuzin Postemergence Applications on Soybean

All herbicides will move off-target to sensitive crops when not applied correctly. Therefore, low-dose applications of flumioxazin and metribuzin were evaluated in soybean at the unifoliate, V2, and V4 growth stages. Rates evaluated were 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the labeled use rates of 72 and 316 g ai ha−1 of flumioxazin and metribuzin, respectively. Flumioxazin injury was characterized by necrosis and visible height and width reduction. Injury increased with rate 3 d after treatment (DAT), with unifoliate, V2, and V4 soybean injured 15% to 30%, 18% to 27%, and 5% to 8%, respectively. Unifoliate and V4 soybean were injured more than V4 soybean 3 to 14 DAT, but injury decreased to <5% by 42 DAT. Soybean yields in the flumioxazin study were 92% to 96% of the nontreated, resulting in a yield loss of 196 to 393 kg ha−1 and a revenue loss of 71 to 141 US ha−1. Unifoliate and V2 soybean are more sensitive to a low dose of flumioxazin POST, and V2 and V4 soybean are more sensitive to a low dose of metribuzin POST. Injury and the impact on soybean growth could potentially cause economic loss for a soybean producer.
A Woman with Asthma and Peripheral Ground-Glass Opacities

Eosinophilic lung disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders that reveal eosinophil involved lung tissue often in patients with asthma or atopy. Classification and diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic lung disease are not well-established; however, peripheral ground-glass opacity is typical on chest computed tomography. Another etiology of this same radiographic finding reported in the literature is silicone embolism syndrome. Here, we present a 43-year-old female with poorly controlled severe persistent asthma presenting with difficulty breathing. Computed tomography showed peripherally dominant ground-glass opacity. Peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, and transbronchial biopsy did not find eosinophilia. Serial bronchoalveolar lavage of the demonstrated increasingly blood-tinged fluid. The patient required mechanical ventilation upon admission. After further questioning the patient revealed that she had frequently received injectable cosmetics at non-licensed establishments. Initially, due to past medical history, presentation, and radiographic findings, eosinophilic pneumonia was suspected. However, after a review of the patient's social history and risk factors, silicone embolisms syndrome became a likely diagnosis. The patient had good clinical response to high dose steroid therapy.
Inter-firm Trust between Emerging Markets: Chinese Firms in Africa:

The rapid global expansion of marketers from one emerging market to another such as countries in Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, and the Middle East is dramatically changing the landscape of i...
Neurophysiological effects of various music genres on electroencephalographic (EEG) cerebral cortex activity

BackgroundMusic has been associated with therapeutic properties for thousands of years across a vast number of diverse regions and cultures. This study expands upon our current understanding of mus...
Newcomers: Gentrification and its discontents, by Matthew L. Schuerman: Chicago, Illinois, University of Chicago Press, 2019

That’s right. It’s another book about American gentrification. And lo, the author, a senior editor at New York’s WNYC radio, defines his use of the G word at the outset, a courtesy too often lackin...
Stochastic Atmosphere Modeling for Risk Adverse Aerocapture Guidance

In this paper we consider the problem of aerocapture guidance inside an atmosphere with the density randomly perturbed according to a Gaussian process model. We formulate the problem of solving for a single bank event as a stochastic optimization problem and then, in terms of a 3-DoF Martian aerocapture example, we study the properties of the proposed approach compared to a standard deterministic approach. The stochastic approach is shown to decrease the risk that a large delta- $V$ is required for maneuvering after atmospheric flight to reach a target apoapsis and periapsis.
Outcomes after mini-craniotomy middle fossa approach combined with mastoidectomy for lateral skull base defects

Abstract Purpose Controversy exists regarding the ideal approach for repair of lateral skull base defects. Our goal is to report the outcomes following middle cranial fossa (MCF) mini-craniotomy combined with mastoidectomy for patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and cholesteatoma. Materials and methods A retrospective database from chart review was formed consisting of 97 patients who met surgical criteria: SSCD, spontaneous CSF leak, and cholesteatoma. Mini-craniotomy MCF approach ( Results Average surgery time was 110 min with no intraoperative complications. The average length of hospitalization was 2 days with an average ICU stay of 1 day. There were no neurologic complications; however, there were 3 inpatient complications (3%) which included 1 patient (1%) that had wound breakdown and 2 patients (2%) that had severe post-operative vertigo. A total of 8 patients (8%) required revision surgery and these were primarily for SSCD. The 30-day readmission rate was 3%. Conclusion In the current series, all patients that underwent mini-craniotomy MCF surgery combined with mastoidectomy had minimal complications, short surgical time, limited hospital stay, low revision surgery rate and few hospital readmissions. This combined approach offers superior visualization of lateral skull base defects without the morbidity and risk typically associated with traditional, extensive MCF surgery.
Book Review: Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes: Sovereignty, Justice, and Transcultural Politics

A book review of Li Chen's Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes: Sovereignty, Justice, and Transcultural Politics.
The visionary realism of German economics: from the thirty years’ war to the cold war: by Erik S. Reinert, edited by Rainer Kattel, Anthem Press, London and New York, 2019, 606 pp., £80 (hardback), ISBN: 9781783089031

This large collection of previously published essays by Erik Reinert aspires to showcase the “reality-based” economics embodied in three hundred years of German economic thought and policy. Reinert...
Annals On Call - Knee Osteoarthritis: Does the Type of Shoe Matter?

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses whether flat flexible or strong supportive shoes worn by a person with knee osteoarthritis can alleviate symptoms with Dr. David Felson from ...
The Appropriate Educational Background for Entry Level Forensic Scientists: A Survey of Practitioners

To assess the need to modify its forensic science degree programs, the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University surveyed some of its own students majoring in Forensic Science, the forensic scientists working for the Michigan State Police, and the membership of the American Society of Crime Lab Directors. The results of the surveys showed the educational background most preferred for a carreer in forensic science would consist of a B.S. degree which has a major chemistry component and a Master of Science in Forensic Science. Personal comments sent back with some of the surveys also suggested the need for a strong background in chemistry. Survey results and personal comments also showed a general disdain for the B.S. in Forensic Science as the terminal degree unless it has a strong hard science component.
NONSPECIFIC VAGINITIS (NSV) FOLLOWING SEXUAL ABUSE IN CHILDREN

NSV, one of the most common causes of vaginitis in adults, is a polymicrobial infection in which vaginal anaerobes act synergistically with Gardnerella vaginalis. The diagnosis is made by examination of the vaginal secretions for clue cells, the development of a fishy odor after the addition of 10% KOH and a pH≥4.5. To determine if NSV may occur in sexually abused children, we obtained vaginal washes from 31 abused and 28 control children, 2.5 to 13 years of age. A wash was considered definite for NSV if it contained both clue cells and odor; possible if it contained either clue cells or odor. We did not use pH since the normal range has not been standardized in prepubertal girls. Possible NSV (odor only) was found in only 1(4%) control. She was asymptomatic and her f/u exam was normal. Only 1 abused child had possible NSV (odor) detected at the initial exam, ≤ 48 hours after the episode of abuse, whereas 8(26%) developed definite(4) or possible(4) NSV at the f/u visit ≥ 7 days after the episode of abuse or rape. Five of these girls developed either a new vaginal discharge or dysuria; 3 were treated with metronidazole with resolution of the symptoms and reversion of the vaginal wash to normal. These findings suggest that NSV is uncommon in normal children and that it can be acquired after sexual abuse. NSV was the most frequent cause of vaginitis in the abused girls in this study Examination of a vaginal wash for clue cells and odor should be part of the routine evaluation of sexually abused children.
A Review of “Ethics, Accountability, and Recordkeeping in a Dangerous World. Richard J. Cox”

This volume represents another in a series of compilations of previously published articles by our most prolific author, Dr. Richard J. Cox, of the University of Pittsburgh's School of Information ...
The elemental composition of Almahata Sitta

Abstract–We quantiﬁed up to 60 elements in four individual fragments (#4, #7, #15, and#47) of the Almahata Sitta meteorite, which entered Earth’s atmosphere on October 7,2008. Almahata Sitta is indisputably the product of fragments of asteroid 2008 TC 3 surviving passage through Earth’s atmosphere. Each of the four analyzed fragments has aureilitic composition based on comparisons with literature data. The analyzed fragmentsrepresent each of the major lithologies of Almahata Sitta. Highly refractory siderophileelements are similarly enriched in all fragments of Almahata Sitta, while volatile elementsshow more compositional variability. The abundances of rare earth elements (REE) onlyreach CI values in the case of a single Almahata Sitta fragment (#15). More typically, REEabundances in Almahata Sitta are between 0.01 and 0.3 · CI. None of the fragmentsdisplays the classic V-shaped REE pattern that are often found in ureilites. Given thatAlmahata Sitta was collected shortly after its fall, these REE compositional results indicatethat the V-shaped REE pattern found in many ureilites may be a result of extendedterrestrial residence times.INTRODUCTIONThe discovery, observation of asteroid 2008 TC
Energy-efficient virtual machine scheduling in performance-asymmetric multi-core architectures

Multi-core architectures with asymmetric core performance have recently shown great promise, because applications with different needs can benefit from either the high performance of a fast core or the high parallelism and power efficiency of a group of slow cores. This performance heterogeneity can be particularly beneficial to applications running in virtual machines (VMs) on virtualized servers, which often have different needs and exhibit different performance and power characteristics. Therefore, scheduling VMs on performance-asymmetric multi-core architectures can have a great impact on a system's overall energy efficiency. Unfortunately, existing VM managers, such as Xen, have not taken the heterogeneity into account and thus often result in low energy efficiencies.In this paper, we propose a novel VM scheduling algorithm that exploits core performance heterogeneity to optimize the overall system energy efficiency. We first introduce a metric termed energy-efficiency factor to characterize the power and performance behaviors of the applications hosted by VMs on different cores. We then present a method to dynamically estimate the VM's energy-efficiency factors and then map the VMs to heterogeneous cores, such that the energy efficiency of the entire system is maximized. We implement the proposed algorithm in Xen and evaluate it with standard benchmarks on a real testbed. The experimental results show that our solution improves the system energy efficiency (i.e., performance per watt) by 13.5% on average and up to 55% for some benchmarks, compared to the default Xen scheduler.
Microwave Spectrum Compatibility in Planetary Research

The paper presents an overview of solar system exploration, basic functions of the Deep Space Network (DSN), deep space microwave links, space research compatibility problems, and DSN's interference susceptibility. To maintain the operational integrity of competing radio systems using the microwave spectrum, the technology must extend to make possible the shared use of the spectral ranges without the ill effects of interferences. Suggestions are given which are only examples of many possible techniques that can eliminate or reduce interferences.
Modern Attitudes Toward Older Adults in the Aging World: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis

Prevailing beliefs suggest that Eastern cultures hold older adults in higher esteem than Western cultures do, due to stronger collectivist traditions of filial piety. However, in modern, industrialized societies, the strain presented by dramatic rises in population aging potentially threatens traditional cultural expectations. Addressing these competing hypotheses, a literature search located 37 eligible papers, comprising samples from 23 countries and 21,093 total participants, directly comparing Easterners and Westerners (as classified per U.N. conventions) in their attitudes toward aging and the aged. Contradicting conventional wisdom, a random-effects meta-analysis on these articles found such evaluations to be more negative in the East overall (standardized mean difference = -0.31). High heterogeneity in study comparisons suggested the presence of moderators; indeed, geographical region emerged as a significant moderating factor, with the strongest levels of senior derogation emerging in East Asia (compared with South and Southeast Asia) and non-Anglophone Europe (compared with North American and Anglophone Western regions). At the country level, multiple-moderator meta-regression analysis confirmed recent rises in population aging to significantly predict negative elder attitudes, controlling for industrialization per se over the same time period. Unexpectedly, these analyses also found that cultural individualism significantly predicted relative positivity-suggesting that, for generating elder respect within rapidly aging societies, collectivist traditions may backfire. The findings suggest the importance of demographic challenges in shaping modern attitudes toward elders-presenting considerations for future research in ageism, cross-cultural psychology, and even economic development, as societies across the globe accommodate unprecedented numbers of older citizens.
Comparison of tumor and normal tissue oxygen tension measurements using OxyLite or microelectrodes in rodents.

In this study we compare oxygen tension (Po 2) histograms measured with O2 microelectrodes and a new optical Po 2 measurement device, the OxyLite, in normal tissues (mouse spleen and thymus) and in...
José Saramago: Our Bodies, Our Places

Contemporary political theorists have focused increasingly on bodies and places, not the body politic around which private spheres may revolve, but the bodies of those who have been neglected and abused on the margins of this public sphere. Luce Irigaray, Michel Foucault, and Giorgio Agamben are among the most prominent theorists to treat bodies and places in this way. To do this, they have relied upon three critical metaphors: for Irigaray it is the cave, for Foucault the prison, and for Agamben the camp. I begin with some obvious differences between these metaphors. Then, using a political novel by Jose Saramago, The Cave, I show how caves, prisons, and camps may complement rather than compete with one another. Taken together, according to Saramago, these metaphors are not limited to the experiences of marginal groups. They tell us something important about the shared political responsibilities that arise more generally in the surprising interdependence of craftwork and bureaucratic labor.
The Responses of Snails to Polarized Light

1. Experiments were performed to test whether the polarized light responses of the marine snail, Nassa obsoleta , are mediated by a polarizing analyser within the eye or by the pattern of intensities reflected from the substratum. 2. Snails able to see only the substratum orient at right angles to the plane of vibration of vertically incident polarized light. 3. Snails unable to see the substratum but able to see the overhead source of polarized light fail to orient to the polarized light 4. Implications regarding the rare occurrence of intra-ocular polarizing analysers and the improbability of extensive animal use of polarized light as a navigational aid are discussed.