cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) for Analytical Chemistry

Abstract In recent years, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has received unprecedented level of interest and attention in the field of analytical chemistry due to its capability for rapid prototyping, decreased fabrication time, one-step fabrication, and ever increasing palette of functional print materials. The process of 3D printing works by depositing or polymerizing thin layers of material layer-by-layer in order to fabricate the desired object. Although all the 3D printers are designed to fulfil the same task, their size, resolution, compatible material, need for post-print processing of the object, and cost can vary significantly. This review presents a brief discussion on working principles and presents comparisons between stereolithography, digital light processing, two-photon polymerization, material jetting, fused deposition modeling, laminated object manufacturing, selective laser sintering, continuous interface liquid printing, aerosol jet printing, and bio-printing. The review also presents select applications in the field of analytical chemistry in which 3D printing was used to advance science. Applications considered advance chromatography, extraction and preconcentration, electrochemical applications, microfluidic devices, and spectroscopy. Although, 3D printing has much to offer analytical chemistry, the cost, need for post processing of devices, limited print materials, and need for higher resolution still limits broader application of the technology. We conclude further advances in printer performance and increasingly functional materials are required to achieve the full potential of additive manufacturing in the future.
Effective Stress Analysis of Liquefiable Sites to Estimate the Severity of Sediment Ejecta

AbstractThe severity of liquefaction-induced ejecta manifestation for the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes was overestimated or underestimated using simplified liquefaction ground-failure indices a...
Collision tumor of sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid: Case report.

Background:Collision tumors are rare clinical entities that two heterogeneous neoplasms are concurrently adjacent to each other at the same location. The association of a squamous cell carcinoma an...
Learning Model-Based Vehicle-Relocation Decisions for Real-Time Ride-Sharing: Hybridizing Learning and Optimization.

Large-scale ride-sharing systems combine real-time dispatching and routing optimization over a rolling time horizon with a model predictive control (MPC) component that relocates idle vehicles to anticipate the demand. The MPC optimization operates over a longer time horizon to compensate for the inherent myopic nature of the real-time dispatching. These longer time horizons are beneficial for the quality of relocation decisions but increase computational complexity. Consequently, the ride-sharing operators are often forced to use a relatively short time horizon. To address this computational challenge, this paper proposes a hybrid approach that combines machine learning and optimization. The machine-learning component learns the optimal solution to the MPC on the aggregated level to overcome the sparsity and high-dimensionality of the solution. The optimization component transforms the machine-learning prediction back to the original granularity through a tractable transportation model. As a consequence, the original NP-hard MPC problem is reduced to a polynomial time prediction and optimization, which allows the ride-sharing operators to consider a longer time horizon. Experimental results show that the hybrid approach achieves significantly better service quality than the MPC optimization in terms of average rider waiting time, due to its ability to model a longer horizon.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma of the Median Nerve.

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) is a rare, benign neoplasm that affects the median nerve predominantly and can present with compressive symptoms. MRI can be used to diagnose this condition without the need for a nerve biopsy. While no definitive treatment has been described, open carpal tunnel release for nerve decompression is currently the standard of care to alleviate compressive neuropathies of the median nerve. In this report, we describe a case of FLH diagnosed via MRI in which the patient's symptoms responded to open carpal tunnel release.
Planar CMOS-Compatible Fusion-Bonded Silica Vacuum Packages

We present a vacuum packaging process based on standard fused silica wafer bonding combined with laser-assisted simultaneous localized fusion bonding and dicing technology. Direct bonding of fused silica wafer stacks results in an optically transparent package without introducing intermediate bonding layers. The temperature inside the package is maintained lower than 400 °C during the fabrication process to preserve CMOS compatibility. To characterize the vacuum level inside the package, white light interferometery is introduced to observe the surface topography of the package. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the vacuum level inside the package is at or below 1 Torr. Such fused silica vacuum and hermetic packages have many favorable features such as vacuum for encapsulating resonating devices, optical transparency for packaging MOEMS, biocompatibility and hermeticity for implantation applications, and transparency at radio frequencies for encapsulating electronics for wireless power and signal transmission.
Advanced reconstruction methods for fast MRI

Abstract Image reconstruction has been a field of active research since the dawn of MRI, and the quest for faster patient exams has triggered substantial innovations during this time. This chapter provides a chronologically ordered overview of image reconstruction methods for accelerated MR imaging, from phase-constrained partial Fourier imaging over parallel imaging to compressed sensing and recent developments in machine learning. Didactic numerical experiments are presented with a data set that is representative for a clinical neuroimaging exam.
Early germination physiology in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) embryos damaged by high-temperature desiccation

43 INTRODUCTION 45 MATERIALS AND METHODS 49 Plant Material 49 Nucleotide Extraction 50 Determination by HPLC 51 RESULTS 53 HPLC Separation Method 53 Comparison of the Effect of Desiccation Injury and Respiration Inhibitor on Nucleotide Pools During Early Imbibition 55 Effect of Desiccation Temperature on Nucleotide Pools in Imbibing Axis Tissue 61 Adenylate Energy Charge 63 DISCUSSION 67 LITERATURE CITED 72 GENERAL SUMMARY 75 LITERATURE CITED 79 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 81 APPENDIX 83
Challenges of real-world projects in team-based courses

Instructors in many computer science courses tend to focus on concepts and theory instead of emphasizing the practicality of concepts to solving problems. Finding solutions to real problems is a useful way for students to gain "hands-on" experience in college. Without prior exposure to the expectations of industrial demands, students have a hard time adjusting to jobs in the software industry after graduation. A two-course sequence in System Analysis and Design provides students with the opportunity to experience "real world" situations through team-based projects. Students assume various roles as professionals do in the software industry and are expected to contribute to their team and project. Many challenges are encountered with teaching such "practical" courses. This paper reports on the organization and management of these courses as well as issues and problems encountered by both the students and instructor.
The evolution of credit terms

This paper studies changes in spreads on bank loans to developing countries during 1968-81. It found that a borrower's experience had a significant impact on spreads. Spreads started at high values at low levels of loan experience and decreased as experience increased. Spreads at initial-experience levels were about 30 percent above benchmark, with experience. The impact of experience became negligible with 30 prior loans. The paper also suggests that a greater role for international organizations in collecting and disseminating information about potential borrowers. Indeed, international institutions have been doing more of this fact-finding since the onset of the debt crisis.
Light Scattering by Marine Particles: Modeling with Non-spherical Shapes

Abstract : The long-term scientific goal of my research is to better understand the distribution of phytoplankton in the world's oceans through remote sensing their influence on the optical properties of the water. An associated goal is the understanding of the absorption and backscattering properties of marine particles in terms of the distributions of their size, shape, and composition.
Effects of storm frequency on dune vegetation

In the Gulf of Mexico, barrier islands absorb the majority of wind and wave action from storms, which modifies their dune morphology and vegetation dynamics. Storm frequency is predicted to increase as a result of climate change, yet the effects of this change on coastal ecosystems remain poorly understood. Using estimates of plant growth in storm and nonstorm years from long-term census data describing the dynamics of dune vegetation on St. George Island, FL, we built a first-order model that predicts how dune communities will respond to a change in storm frequency. It predicts that an increasing frequency of storms will result in a change in the vegetation across the dunes. The fore- and interdune communities are predicted to become more similar to one another through the dominance of a small number of common storm-resilient species. Alternatively, the backdune community is predicted to become more distinct through an increase in rare species that represent primary succession. Finally, the model predicts that many species will not respond to an increase in the number of storms per year in the same manner in which they respond to current storm frequency. This model is beneficial both for the development of more complex approaches to predicting effects of climate change and for informing preventative management techniques.
Spatial Translation and Scaling Up of Low Impact Development Designs in an Urban Watershed

The downstream impacts of best management practices designed to manage stormwater at the source are not well documented. This study investigated two aspects of…
An Unusual Genomic Position Effect on Drosophila White Gene Expression: Pairing Dependence, Interactions with Zeste, and Molecular Analysis of Revertants

The white gene in the AR4-24 P[white,rosy] insertion on chromosome 2 has a novel expression pattern, in which it is repressed in the dorsal half of the eye. X-ray mutagenesis led to the isolation of six revertants mapping to chromosome 2, which are wild type in a zeste+ background, and three extreme derivatives, in which white gene expression is repressed in ventral regions of the eye as well. By Southern blot analyses the breakpoints of five of the revertants and one of the extreme derivatives were mapped in the flanking DNA bordering each side of the AR4-24 insertion. The revertants show some dorsal repression of white in the presence of z1, and by this criterion each is only a partial revertant. The extreme derivatives act not only in cis, but also in trans to repress expression of AR4-24 and its various derivatives. We provide evidence that these trans effects are proximity-dependent effects, possibly mediated by pairing of gene copies, as they do not extend to copies of the white gene located elsewhere in the genome. We show that one extreme derivative, E1, is a small deletion spanning the insertion site at the 5' end of the white gene, and propose that the distance between a negative regulatory element in the 5' flanking DNA and the white promoter influences the degree of the repression.
Validation and application of a radioimmunoassay for serotonin.

A radioimmunoassay for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) has been developed, validated, and applied to the measurement of serotonin in blood and platelet-rich plasma. Six rabbits immunized with serotonin diazotized to a dl- p -aminophenylalanine-bovine serum albumin conjugate yielded anti-serotonin antibodies. In the radioimmunoassay, antibody-containing plasma (1:100) is incubated with 0.2 pmoles of [ 3 H ]serotonin, EDTA, and either serotonin standards or unknown samples (0.1 ml). Blood levels of serotonin are measured in a protein-free supernatant prepared by water lysis of heparinized blood followed by protein precipitation using zinc hydroxide. This assay is sensitive to 100 pg of serotonin and has demonstrated insignificant cross-reactivity with a number of serotonin analogues at their normal circulating concentrations. Validation has been achieved by obtaining comparable values for normal blood serotonin concentrations by radioimmunoassay and by spectrophotofluorometry as well as by demonstrating that dilutions of endogenous serotonin in rabbit blood and blood from a patient with the carcinoid syndrome were superimposable on a standard calibration curve. In 55 normal human subjects the mean whole blood serotonin concentration was 168 ±13.4 ng/ml (mean ± SEM) (range: 31 to 442 ng/ml). In 15 normal volunteers the mean radioimmunoassayable serotonin concentrations in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma were 337 ± 40 ng/10 9 platelets and 341 ± 37 ng/10 9 platelets, respectively. Incubation of blood with PGE 1 to inhibit in vitro platelet aggregation before radioimmunoassay resulted in a significant fall in measurable serotonin activity in platelet-poor plasma (from 15.3 ± 3.0 to 6.4 ± 1.2 ng/ml). Seventeen normal human volunteers demonstrated a rise in circulating serotonin activity to a mean of 362.1 ± 16.9 ng/ml at 30 min postcibal after a standard test meal, which was significantly ( P
US health care policy and reform: implications for cardiac electrophysiology.

In response to unsustainably rising costs, variable quality and access to health care, and the projected insolvency of vital safety net insurance programs, the federal government has proposed important health policy and regulatory changes in the USA. The US Supreme Court’s decision to uphold most of the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act will lead to some of the most sweeping government reforms on entitlements since the creation of Medicare. Furthermore, implementation of new organizational, reimbursement, and health care delivery models will strongly affect the practice of cardiac electrophysiology. In this brief review, we will provide background and context to the problem of rising health care costs and describe salient reforms and their projected impacts on the field and practice of cardiac electrophysiology.
Evaluation of an estradiol chemical delivery system (CDS) designed to provide enhanced and sustained hormone levels in the brain

Abstract While estrogens readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exert significant CNS effects, they are not retained by this organ, obligating constant dosing to achieve sustained and pharmacologically relevant brain concentrations. Such a regimen also generates high peripheral levels of the estrogens which have been linked to metabolic disturbance and cancer. Brain-selective targeting would act to increase the safety of administered drugs by sparing non-target-site tissues. A dihydronicotinate-nicotinate redox targetor designed along these lines was found to be successful in maintaining high central levels of estradiol while peripheral levels were rapidly eliminated. In human clinical trials, the estradiol-chemical delivery system (E2-CDS) reduced circulating LH levels to a greater extent than did administered estradiol but caused less of an increase in circulating estradiol blood levels.
Digital computer simulation of respiratory mechanics

Abstract A digital computer simulation of the mechanics of the human respiratory system is presented. In this simulation the thorax is represented by two parallel components, the rib cage and the abdomen-diaphragm. The lungs are depicted as two parallel compartments. The compliance of the lungs is considered to be a function of an elastic tissue component and an air-liquid interface component. The airways are represented by two segments, the upper and lower airways. The upper airway is assumed to have rigid walls with its resistance being a function of its geometry as well as the airflow rate. The lower airway is assumed to have a volume and resistance which are both functions of lung volume. The response of the system to spontaneous breathing during rest and exercise is investigated. Also investigated are the responses of the system to simulated stop-flow maneuvers and rapid airway interruption. It is demonstrated that the responses of the system compare favorably with experimental data. The versatility of the model is demonstrated by simulation of two pathological conditions, reduced surfactant concentration similar to hyaline membrane disease and unilateral partial airway obstruction.
Regulation of GMP reductase in Salmonella typhimurium.

The levels of guanosine 5′-phosphate reductase (EC 1.6.6.8) in Salmonella typhimurium appear to be modulated by changes in the ratio of the adenine and guanine nucleotide pools. Alterations of this ratio may be induced by high levels of guanosine in the culture medium or by genetic lesions in one of several purine interconversion enzymes, such as pur A or pur B mutants. The induction of the reductase requires transcription and translation processes and, in contrast to earlier observation with Escherichia coli, is not dependent on cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate or the cyclic adenosine 3′,5-phosphate receptor protein.
Identifying Technology Integration in Engineering Education with Deep Dive Ethnographic Research

Abstract The advancement of the small form factors devices technology brings an opportunity to integrate these devices into the education practices. There are several ad-hoc examples of such integrations and these developed examples do not follow a methodology to carry out the background user research and any modular framework development to have versatile applications. We present an ethnographic research based approach to create a solid foundation of the user research and as a future research develop a systematic model to predict the user intention to use the technology in the field of education. Form the ethnographic study which was divided in two separate phases, we present here the results of a deep dive research as the granular pain points of the students as well as the desired improvements from the students which with our research direction, could be answered with the technology of imagination augmentation over small form factors devices, under development.
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxy-tryptamine on the development of physical dependence on ethanol

Infant rats, treated intracisternally with 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, alone or in combination with desmethylimipramine or pargyline, at 5 to 7 days of age, had significant specific depletions of brain norepinephrine, dopamine, both of these amines, or serotonin at 2.5 months of age. Despite apparent long-term depletions of brain biogenic amines, susceptibility to audiogenically-induced seizures following chronic ethanol withdrawal in these animals was similar to that of controls. Amine-depleted rats also displayed spontaneous withdrawal-induced tremors, spastic motor activity and irritability. The interpretation of these preliminary findings with regard to the proposed role of the biogenic amines in the development of physical dependence on ethanol is discussed.
Community Control, Community Mobilization, and Community Political Structure in 57 U. S. Cities*

This paper describes the results of a comparative study of the factors which inhibited or facilitated the development of the issue of community control of schools in fifty-seven cities in the United States. The findings suggest that the degree to which blacks and the poor were mobilized for political action and the political characteristics of the city were important in determining whether or not the issue entered the political arena.
OVARIES SECRETE MALE HORMONE I. RESTORATION OF THE CASTRATE TYPE OF SEMINAL VESICLE AND PROSTATE GLANDS TO NORMAL BY GRAFTS OF OVARIES IN MICE1

Grafts of ovaries have been used in many experiments as a means of studying the mechanism of ovarian endocrine function (1, 2). It has only recently been shown that intra-strain grafts in inbred mice yield as high a percentage of takes as when autografts are made (3, 4). The grafts described in this paper are all of the intra-strain type. The results of Hill and Gardner (5) open additional possibilities for the study of endocrine organs by grafting. Ovaries grafted into the testes of mice continue to secrete estrogenic hormones (3). No great alteration of the prostates and seminal vesicles was described as a result of the intra-testicular grafts. On the other hand, the administration of large quantities of estrogenic hormone induced muscular and connective tissue hypertrophy as well as involution of the epithelium of the accessory glands2 of normal male mice and rats (6, 7; Gardner, unpublished data). Injections of female hormones have never caused anything like normal development in the prostates or semi...
Synthesis technique for a class of linear signal-processing antenna arrays

Abstract : A technique is presented for synthesizing linear, data-processing antenna arrays using wide-band elements and a matched filter. It is shown that, for signals with a finite spectrum, such arrays will consist of a far less number of elements and have smaller overall dimensions than conventional arrays for single-frequency CW operation with similar radiation characteristics. The elements are, in general, unequally spaced and the detailed design procedure depends upon the signal spectrum. Examples are included which demonstrate quite drastically the advantages of such data-processing arrays. Comparison with single-frequency Dolph-Chebyshev arrays emphasizes these advantages. (Author)
Investigation of the Feasibility of an Amide-based Prodrug Under Physiological Conditions

Two different chemical classes of putative amide-based prodrugs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP), one with an amino and the other with α hydroxyl terminal extension have been synthesized and biochemically characterized. The conversion of these terminally-extended peptide hormone analogs to a peptide of much enhanced potency through cyclization of the terminal dipeptide was studied under physiological conditions. The peptides studied demonstrated great stability and little propensity to cyclize to DKP and DMP under physiological conditions. These results stand in contrast to previous reports with model amide-based peptides and indicate that such cleavage is unlikely in larger peptides constituted by naturally coded amino acids.
Test generation for embedded circuits under the transparent-scan approach

A new test generation procedure is introduced for scan circuits under an approach called transparent-scan. The new test generation procedure targets a circuit-under-test that is embedded in a larger design (it is also applicable to an interconnection of embedded circuits). Transferring deterministic test data to the primary inputs of an embedded circuit from an external source can be expensive. This problem is alleviated as follows. The test generation procedure starts from a given input sequence Ψ that specifies the values of the original primary inputs of the circuit (the primary inputs before scan was added). In this implementation, Ψ is a random input sequence that can be generated by an on-chip test-pattern generator (e.g. a linear-feedback shift register) driving the original primary inputs of the circuit. The test generation procedure transforms Ψ into a test sequence T for the scan circuit under the transparent-scan approach by adding to Ψ the values of the scan select and scan chain inputs. These inputs are easily controllable from the primary inputs of the design.
Separation of α- and β-globin messenger RNAs by formamide gel electrophoresis

Electrophoresis on 7.5% polyacrylamide gels in 98% formamide splits the 10s RNA of EDTA-treated polysomes from rabbit reticulocytes into two bands of similar intensity. Fractions containing first 10s RNA 1 , both 10s RNAs, and nearly-pure second 10s RNA were obtained and tested in a cell-free system derived from ascites tumor cells. These RNA preparations directed the synthesis of product composed of 85–100% α chains, 55–70% β chains, and 75–87% β chains, respectively. The relative amounts of the two 10s RNAs in certain fractions were determined by formamide electrophoresis and correlated well with the relative synthesis of β and α chains directed by these fractions in the cell-free system. Therefore, the α and β globin mRNAs are separated by this procedure. Moreover, electrophoresis of globin mRNA further purified by oligo-dT cellulose chromatography indicates that the concentration of α mRNA exceeds that of β mRNA on rabbit reticulocytes polysomes.
Histochemistry: live and in color.

Histochemistry—chemistry in the context of biological tissue—is an invaluable set of techniques used to visualize biological structures. This field lies at the interface of organic chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. Integration of these disciplines over the past century has permitted the imaging of cells and tissues using microscopy. Today, by exploiting the unique chemical environments within cells, heterologous expression techniques, and enzymatic activity, histochemical methods can be used to visualize structures in living matter. This review focuses on the labeling techniques and organic fluorophores used in live cells.
A comparison of oral, rectal, and tympanic membrane-derived temperature changes after ingestion of liquids and smoking.

Ambulatory patients frequently ingest liquids or smoke just before temperature measurement. The change in body temperature measurements over time following ingestion of ice water, hot water, and smoking were investigated. Twenty-two healthy, afebrile study subjects sequentially ingested temperature-controlled water and smoked a cigarette. Simultaneous oral and auditory canal temperatures were measured over 15 minutes following ingestion. Auditory canal temperatures were obtained with an infrared detection probe; we designated this process a tympanic membrane-derived (TMD) temperature. To determine the correlation between rectal and TMD temperatures, 100 patients had simultaneous measurements at both sites. Mean initial temperatures were rectal, 37.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C (mean +/- S.D.); oral, 36.4 +/- 0.4 degrees C; and TMD, 37.4 +/- 0.4 degrees C. Maximal mean oral temperature change was greatest at 1.5 minutes after hot, +0.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C, and cold, -1.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C, water. This change was statistically significant for seven minutes at the 95% confidence level (analysis of variance test with Dunnett's multiple range test for significance). There was no significant change in the TMD temperature with any ingestion. The Pearson correlation coefficient for 107 pairs of rectal and TMD temperatures, r = 0.90 (P less than .001), was excellent. It was concluded that hot and cold liquids significantly influence oral temperature measurement for seven to nine minutes following ingestion. TMD temperature is unaffected by liquid ingestion and may allow accurate measurement of body temperature. Further studies are needed to determine the accuracy of TMD temperature over a wide range of body temperature in diverse clinical settings.
Structure of the First Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor

The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P₁) and its ligand, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), have now emerged as critical regulators of lymphocyte trafficking, vascular development and integrity, and immunity. S1P₁ is targeted by the phosphorylation product of fingolimod, which has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The recent progress in the structural biology of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors has now enabled the elucidation of the structure of S1P₁. Analysis of the structure, along with structure activity and mutagenesis analysis, highlighted key interactions associated with the binding of S1P and agonists and suggested that the ligand may gain access to the binding pocket by lateral diffusion within the plasma membrane. The S1P₁ crystal structure will be helpful for designing ligands that specifically target S1P₁.
Stalk strength and reaction to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina of brown midrib maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Reduced lignin concentration in brown mid-rib mutants in both maize and sorghum have resulted in improved dry matter digestibility, increased milk yield and higher energy in lactating cows. However, the mutations were not widely deployed due to concern that reduced lignin concentration might increase vulnerability to lodging and stalk rot incidence. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the mutations on stalk strength and stalk rot resistance in both sorghum and maize. Six brown midrib (bmr) sorghum, four brown midrib (bm) maize, and their normal isolines were evaluated for stalk strength and stalk rot disease reaction at two locations in four replications. Three randomly selected plants in each plot were inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina at 14 d after flowering by using the toothpick inoculation technique. On 28 d after inoculation, the plants were rated for disease severity by measuring the length of necrotic lesions in the stalks. Stalk strength was determined from another three random plants in each plot by using a rind penetrometer. The mutations had no effect on stalk rot disease severity in either sorghum or maize though stalks strength was markedly affected by the mutations in both species. While maize bm entries broke easily in response to mild mechanical stress, bmr sorghums did not exhibit sign of stalk collapse in all backgrounds. The result suggests that the bmr genes in both maize and sorghum can be deployed without incurring losses to stalk rot disease.
Reductive Reactivity of the Organolanthanide Hydrides, [(C5Me5)2LnH]x, Leads to ansa-Allyl Cyclopentadienyl (η5-C5Me4CH2−C5Me4CH2-η3)2- and Trianionic Cyclooctatetraenyl (C8H7)3- Ligands

The reductive reactivity of lanthanide hydride ligands in the [(C5Me5)2LnH]x complexes (Ln = Sm, La, Y) was examined to see if these hydride ligands would react like the actinide hydrides in [(C5Me5)2AnH2]2 (An = U, Th) and [(C5Me5)2UH]2. Each lanthanide hydride complex reduces PhSSPh to make [(C5Me5)2Ln(μ-SPh)]2 in ∼90% yield. [(C5Me5)2SmH]2 reduces phenazine and anthracene to make [(C5Me5)2Sm]2(μ-η3:η3-C12H8N2) and [(C5Me5)2Sm]2(μ-η3:η3-C10H14), respectively, but the analogous [(C5Me5)2LaH]x and [(C5Me5)2YH]2 reactions are more complicated. All three lanthanide hydrides reduce C8H8 to make (C5Me5)Ln(C8H8) and (C5Me5)3Ln, a reaction that constitutes another synthetic route to (C5Me5)3Ln complexes. In the reaction of [(C5Me5)2YH]2 with C8H8, two unusual byproducts are obtained. In benzene, a (C5Me5)Y[(η5-C5Me4CH2−C5Me4CH2-η3)] complex forms in which two (C5Me5)1- rings are linked to make a new type of ansa-allyl-cyclopentadienyl dianion that binds as a pentahapto−trihapto chelate. In cyclohexane, a (C5Me5...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 27

Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for {sup 27}F, {sup 27}Ne, {sup 27}Na, {sup 27}Mg, {sup 27}Al, {sup 27}Si, {sup 27}P, and {sup 27}S. This evaluation for A=27 supersedes the earlier evaluation by P.M. Endt (1998En04 and 1990En08).
Evidence for substance P, serotonin and oxytocin input to medullary catecholamine neurons with diencephalic projections

Abstract Using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in combination with two-color immunoperoxidase staining, boutons stained with antisera to substance P (SP), serotonin (5HT) and oxytocin (OX) have been observed in contiguity with neurons in the rostral and caudal medulla that showed immunoreactivity for phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), respectively and which were backfilled with HRP injected into the diencephalon. The juxtaposition of these immunostained structures indicates that SP, 5HT and OX released from fibers in the medulla may affect the activity of adrenergic and noradrenergic medullary neurons that project to the diencephalon. Moreover, the presence of 5HT- and OX-immunoreactive processes in contiguity with medullary CA cells that send fibers to the diencephalon indicates that the raphe nuclei and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can directly influence ascending pathways that are known to innervate the hypothalamus and appear to effect changes in vasopressin release.
Integrating mathematical CAD and artificial simulation of plastic rotation in heat-straightening processes

Abstract Efficient planning and execution of heat-straightening operations on damaged structural steel members require the accurate estimation of the number of heat applications to effect a given repair (N) . The random nature of the plastic rotation resulting from the application of a vee heat suggests a probabilistic approach to the required prediction; however, the physical collection of data from multiple tests corresponding to a subject specimen is not feasible. A computer integration between interactive mathematical computer-aided design (CAD), a simulator, and other auxiliary modules allows us to use the results of spectral analysis in the frequency domain to generate artificial samples of the plastic rotation stochastic process. Thus, a histogram for N is constructed, and the objective prediction is accomplished with any desired degree of confidence. The mathematical model is discussed and exemplified in the context of plates, the fundamental component of profiles in heavy steel construction.
Phase transformation characteristics and mechanical characterization of nitinol synthesized by laser direct deposition

Abstract Laser direct deposition, an additive manufacturing technique, has been proved to be an effective method to synthesize nitinol from elemental nickel and titanium powders for the fabrication of near-net shaped components. In this study, the experimental procedures and results are presented for understanding the phase transformation characteristics and mechanical behavior of laser synthesized nitinol. Different transformation temperatures were successfully achieved by changing the initial ratio of Ni and Ti powders coupled with post aging heat treatment. The results obtained from the uniaxial compression testing at different temperatures indicate that the samples recovered strain completely by both the shape memory and super-elastic effects. Hence, the capability of laser direct deposition technique to synthesize nitinol with required micro-structure and mechanical properties is demonstrated.
Cyberbullying Via Social Media

Recent years have witnessed a surge of research on cyberbullying. In this article, three studies examined prevalence rates of cyberbullying among college-age students, venues through which cyberbullying occurs, with a particular focus on social media, and perceptions of cyberbullying as a function of features of the target (e.g., peer, celebrity, groups). Study 1 found texting and social media to be the most commonly used venues for cyberbullying victimization. Study 2 determined that features of the target of cyber aggressive comments influenced perceptions of cyberbullying. Online aggressive comments directed toward peers were perceived most negatively whereas those targeted toward random people known only online were evaluated least negatively. Using an innovative methodology for examining cyberbullying, Study 3 found that venue (e.g., Facebook, comments, forum posts) and features of the target influenced the nature of online exchanges. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
Thin conical shells with constant thickness and under axisymmetric load

Abstract The expressions for determining the stresses, strains and displacements of a truncated or complete thin conical shell with constant thickness and axisymmetric load distributed or concentrated along the meridian is presented. These expressions were obtained by the construction of the Green's function for the homogeneous differential equation based on the bending theory. It is shown that a complete cone with lateral load can be obtained as a particular case and in a second step a cone with load at the vertex. The solution for an axisymmetric load distributed along the meridian was obtained using superposition.
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from breast milk of Crohn's disease patients.

Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from breast milk of Crohn's disease patients
Are Mortality Rates Falling at Extremely High Ages? An Investigation Based on a Model Proposed by Coale and Kisker

It is known that further mortality reductions in industrialized countries depend heavily on trends in mortality rates at the oldest ages. In this article, a model proposed by Coale and Kisker is used to investigate mortality trends at the extreme old age of 110 years. The most important conclusions are that (1) the form of the model proposed by Coale and Kisker fits observed mortality schedules very well indeed, and (2) the trend in mortality rates at extremely high ages has apparently been flat for men, but may have declined slightly for women during this century.
Null model trumps accusations of bias.

The National Institutes of Health have been accused of gender bias on the basis of having awarded all nine of their Director Pioneer Awards for innovative research to men (“Male sweep of new award raises questions of bias,” J. Mervis, News of the Week, 22 Oct., p. [595][1]). However, those scientists and scientific organizations making these accusations do not seem to be applying the same rigor to their accusations that they do to their own research. Eighty percent of the award applicants were male. If the review process were completely gender-blind and there were no gender differences in the quality of proposals, the possibility that all nine awardees would be male is 13%. Presumably, those accusing NIH of gender bias do not reject null models in their own research with comparable P values. Why should they be so quick to reject it here? It is likely that historical gender bias throughout the scientific community is partly responsible for the low proportion of award applications by women. However, the data do not justify accusations of gender bias against NIH in this case. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.306.5696.595a
Myth about Energy and Matter

A new approach to analyzing energy economics is critical of traditional reliance on price mechanisms and on the optimism of technological fixes, some of which would require defying the laws of thermodynamics. The author accuses economists of entropy bootlegging when they build up hopes of energy as a free good and the idea that energy alone can produce material objects, i.e., that recycling can be complete, and suggests that action cannot be replaced by computer exercises. He recommends expanded consumption in developing countries and conservation of both energy and matter in the industrialized countries. A comment by Herman Daly amplifies these ideas.
The evolution of proteins from random amino acid sequences. I. Evidence from the lengthwise distribution of amino acids in modern protein sequences.

We examine in this paper one of the expected consequences of the hypothesis that modern proteins evolved from random heteropeptide sequences. Specifically, we investigate the lengthwise distributions of amino acids in a set of 1,789 protein sequences with little sequence identity using the run test statistic (r_o) of Mood (1940, Ann. Math. Stat. 11, 367–392). The probability density of r_o for a collection of random sequences has mean=0 and variance=1 [the N(0,1) distribution] and can be used to measure the tendency of amino acids of a given type to cluster together in a sequence relative to that of a random sequence. We implement the run test using binary representations of protein sequences in which the amino acids of interest are assigned a value of 1 and all others a value of 0. We consider individual amino acids and sets of various combinations of them based upon hydrophobicity (4 sets), charge (3 sets), volume (4 sets), and secondary structure propensity (3 sets). We find that any sequence chosen randomly has a 90% or greater chance of having a lengthwise distribution of amino acids that is indistinguishable from the random expectation regardless of amino acid type. We regard this as strong support for the random-origin hypothesis. However, we do observe significant deviations from the random expectation as might be expected after billions years of evolution. Two important global trends are found: (1) Amino acids with a strong α-helix propensity show a strong tendency to cluster whereas those with β-sheet or reverse-turn propensity do not. (2) Clustered rather than evenly distributed patterns tend to be preferred by the individual amino acids and this is particularly so for methionine. Finally, we consider the problem of reconciling the random nature of protein sequences with structurally meaningful periodic “patterns” that can be detected by sliding-window, autocorrelation, and Fourier analyses. Two examples, rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, show that such patterns are a natural feature of random sequences.
Catalysis of cleavage of di-β-naphthyl ether by electron-donating agents: an explanation for the effectiveness of phenols as promoters for coal conversion

1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene, 1,2-dimethoxynaphthalene, and 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene are ineffective as catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of di-β-naphthyl ether in tetralin at 450 °C. However, mixtures of these polyethers with phenol are appreciably more effective catalysts than is phenol itself. Mixtures of the dimethoxynaphthalenes with acetic acid or 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol have catalytic ability, even though the individual components are inactive. It is suggested that both electron-donating ability and acidity are factors determining catalytic activity, and a mechanism is proposed involving electron transfer from the catalyst to the protonated diaryl ether.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone inhibit accumulation of cyclic AMP in stimulated human mononuclear cells.

Abstract Mononuclear cell surface stimulation causes a subsequent increase in cellular accumulation of cAMP. Because of the relationship between mononuclear cells and bone resorption, we studied the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT) and human parathyroid hormone-(1–34) (hPTH-(1–34)) on levels of cAMP in suspensions of latex particle-stimulated human monocytes and lymphocytes. Preincubation of mixed mononuclear cells with sCT caused significantly less cAMP accumulation compared to controls at each time point after addition of latex and this effect was still evident in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Neither hormone affected basal cAMP levels in purified monocytes, but concentration of sCT as low as 30 nM and those of hPTH-(1–34) to 10 ng/ml did inhibit cAMP accumulation after latex. The less potent human CT caused smaller changes and protaglandin E2 caused the expected rise in both basal and stimulated monocyte cAMP. In purified lymphocytes, hPTH-(1–34) was ineffective and sCT was effective only at high concentrations in altering stimulated cAMP accumulation. Hormones of mineral metabolism affect cAMP production in certain stimulated mononuclear cells.
Simplified perfusion strategy for removing retroperitoneal tumors with extensive cavoatrial involvement

Objectives Our objective was to compare effectiveness and safety of a simplified approach for removing retroperitoneal tumors with extensive cavoatrial involvement using beating-heart cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) versus hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). Methods From January 1984 to January 2009, 144 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and inferior vena caval tumor thrombectomy, 56 (39%) using CPB and 88 (61%) HCA. Compared with HCA patients, CPB patients were of similar age (62 ± 10 vs 60 ± 11 years, P = .4) and gender (39% vs 39% female, P > .9), with similar stroke history (3.6% vs 2.3%, P =.6), but had less pulmonary disease (18% vs 33%, P = .06) and lower preoperative creatinine concentration (1.3 ± 0.72 vs 1.5 ± 0.86 mg · dL −1 , P = .04). Results Complete tumor removal was achieved in all patients by both strategies. Compared with HCA procedures, CPB times were shorter (50 ± 33 vs 94 ± 40 minutes, P P = .003) and had no statistical difference in morbidity, including reoperation for bleeding (3.8% vs 8.0%, P = .3), renal failure requiring dialysis (3.6% vs 10%, P = .14), respiratory insufficiency (21% vs 19%, P = .8), sepsis (5.4% vs 10%, P = .3), stroke (5.4% vs 1.1%, P = .13), and in-hospital mortality (7.1% vs 13%, P = .3). Ten-year survival (22% vs 22%, P > .9) and freedom from cancer recurrence (24% vs 28%, P = .8) were similar. Conclusions Radical nephrectomy and removal of inferior vena caval tumor–thrombus can be simply, effectively, and safely performed with beating-heart CPB, avoiding the deleterious effects of HCA and providing clinical benefit without increasing morbidity or mortality.
Electron capture decay of 240Am

Abstract The γ-ray and conversion electron spectra of mass-separated 240Am samples were measured with high-resolution Ge(Li) and Si(Li) spectrometers. The conversion coefficients of the 42·9, 99·0, 888·7 and 987·7 keV transitions were measured and their multipolarities were established as E2. A ce−-γ-ray coincidence experiment showed that the 888·7 and 987·7 keV transitions originate from a 1030·6 keV level. On the basis of the measured log ft value the ground state of 240Am has been given a spin-parity assignment of 3- with the configuration {n[631] 1 2 +; p[523] 5 2 −} . The 1030·6 keV level of 240Pu has been given a spin-parity assignment of 3+ with the two-quasi-particle configuration {n[631] 1 2 +; n[622] 5 2 +} . Several other low intensity γ-rays were observed. The half-life of 240Am was measured to be 50·8 ± 0·3 hr which is in agreement with previously reported values.
Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus

This article addresses not only the use of oral hypoglycemics and insulin but also gives practical and useful information on educating the patient and his or her family. It in cludes background information on the drugs most commonly used and a table on oral hypoglycemic agents.
Using the Web instead of a window system

Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or permission. CHI '96 Vancouver, B.C. Canada (c) 1996 ACM Abstract We show how to deliver a sophisticated, yet intuitive, interactive application over the web using off-the-shelf web browsers as the interaction medium. This attracts a large user community, improves the rate of user acceptance, and avoids many of the pitfalls of software distribution.
No-Go Theorem for the Composition of Quantum Systems

Building on the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem, we derive a no-go theorem for a vast class of deterministic hidden-variables theories, including those consistent on their targeted domain. The strength of this result throws doubt on seemingly natural assumptions (like the ``preparation independence'' of the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem) about how ``real states'' of subsystems compose for joint systems in nonentangled states. This points to constraints in modeling tensor-product states, similar to constraints demonstrated for more complex states by the Bell and Bell-Kochen-Specker theorems.