cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Relatives on the Efficiency and Error Rate of Familial Searching

We investigate the consequences of adopting the criteria used by the state of California, as described by Myers et al. (2011), for conducting familial searches. We carried out a simulation study of randomly generated profiles of related and unrelated individuals with 13-locus CODIS genotypes and YFiler® Y-chromosome haplotypes, on which the Myers protocol for relative identification was carried out. For Y-chromosome sharing first degree relatives, the Myers protocol has a high probability () of identifying their relationship. For unrelated individuals, there is a low probability that an unrelated person in the database will be identified as a first-degree relative. For more distant Y-haplotype sharing relatives (half-siblings, first cousins, half-first cousins or second cousins) there is a substantial probability that the more distant relative will be incorrectly identified as a first-degree relative. For example, there is a probability that a first cousin will be identified as a full sibling, with the probability depending on the population background. Although the California familial search policy is likely to identify a first degree relative if his profile is in the database, and it poses little risk of falsely identifying an unrelated individual in a database as a first-degree relative, there is a substantial risk of falsely identifying a more distant Y-haplotype sharing relative in the database as a first-degree relative, with the consequence that their immediate family may become the target for further investigation. This risk falls disproportionately on those ethnic groups that are currently overrepresented in state and federal databases.
Solid-State Polymerization of Aquabis(3-butenoato)calcium

Aquabis(3-butenoato)calcium, Ca(C4H5O2)2(H2O) (1), the monomeric precursor for a new solid-state polymerization reaction, was synthesized from 3-butenoic acid and calcium carbonate. Irradiation of solid 1 with 60Co γ-rays (305 kGy dose) leads to high molecular weight calcium poly(3-butenoate), Mw = 400 000, in 97% yield. Prior to this report, solid-state reactivity was unknown for metal salts of β, γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids. An X-ray structure determination of 1 shows it to be a two-dimensional coordination polymer. The most outstanding feature of the crystal packing is a bilayer arrangement, leading to nearly parallel, reactive vinyl groups, with short −CC− ··· −CC− contacts of 3.73 and 3.90 A along the crystallographic b direction. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 5.9083(13), b = 6.7877(18), c = 27.927(10) A; β = 92.42(2)°; V = 1119.0(5) A3; Z = 4; R = 0.091, Rw = 0.103 for 464 data for which I > 1.96σ(I).
Seeds of Change: A Quincentennial Commemoration

Seeds of Change: A Quincentennial Commemoration. Herman J. Viola and Carolyn Margolis (editors). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991. 278 pp. $39.95 (cloth), $24.95(paper). ISBN 1-56098-035-4, ISBN 1-56098-036-2.
Rating, voting & ranking: designing for collaboration & consensus

The OpenChoice system, currently in development, is an open source, open access community rating and filtering service that would improve upon the utility of currently available Web content filters. The goal of OpenChoice is to encourage community involvement in making filtering classification more accurate and to increase awareness in the current approaches to content filtering. The design challenge for OpenChoice is to find the best interfaces for encouraging easy participation amongst a community of users, be it for voting, rating or discussing Web page content. This work in progress reviews some initial designs while reviewing best practices and designs from popular Web portals and community sites.
Twelve Characters in Search of a Televisual Text: Magnolia Masquerading as Soap Opera

Paul Thomas Anderson's film Magnolia (1999) is striking for its implications of gender address and enunciation. Somewhat akin to Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author—which displaces "fictional characters" into the "real" world—Magnolia displaces film narrative to television text and shifts from the normative masculine viewing position to a feminine one. Magnolia is symptomatic of a crisis in masculinity and interrogates cultural texts such as cop shows, quiz shows, and infomercials. Read as soap opera, Magnolia is a subversive cultural product, an indictment of paradigms of male hegemony and power, and a critique of the media systems of film and television.
Th17 immune responses contribute to the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia

T helper type 17 (Th17) cells have been characterized based on production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and association with autoimmune diseases. We studied the role of Th17 cells in aplastic anemia (AA) by isolating Th17 cells from patients blood (n = 41) and bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (n = 7). The frequency and total number of CD3+CD4+IL-17–producing T cells were increased in AA patients at presentation compared with healthy controls (P = .0007 and .02, respectively) and correlated with disease activity. There was an inverse relationship between the numbers of Th17 cells and CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood of AA patients. Concomitant with the classical Th1 response, we detected the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ IL-17-producing T cells in a mouse model of lymph node infusion–induced BM failure. Although anti–IL-17 treatment did not abrogate BM failure, early treatment with the anti–IL-17 antibody reduced the severity of BM failure with significantly higher platelet (P < .01) and total BM cell (P < .05) counts at day 10. Recipients that received anti-IL-17 treatment had significantly fewer Th1 cells (P < .01) and more Treg cells (P < .05) at day 10 after lymph node infusion. Th17 immune responses contribute to AA pathophysiology, especially at the early stage during disease progression.
Beyond Consultation: A New Model for Librarian's Office Hours

ABSTRACT Given the many changes in our students and their study and research practices, libraries are finding it necessary to seek new ways to reach these students. The Undergraduate Library at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign created a new model to do so. Librarian's Office Hours are a hybrid of reference and instructional services that fulfill the dual purposes of meeting the needs of term paper research counseling and library workshops. This article discusses the strategies involved in the creation and implementation of this service and examines suggestions for the future of such a service.
Widespread hydrothermal alteration minerals in the fine-grained matrices of the Tieschitz unequilibrated ordinary chondrite

Mineralogic, textural, and compositional studies of black and white matrices in the unequilibrated ordinary chondrite Tieschitz (H/L, 3.6) show, for the first time in an ordinary chondrite, the presence of widespread, randomly distributed geode-like voids and veins. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies show that these voids and veins are partially or completely filled by sodic–calcic amphiboles (winchite and barroisite). The occurrence of amphiboles provides unequivocal evidence of the involvement of fluids in the metamorphic evolution of the parent body of Tieschitz. The presence of amphiboles as the main hydrous phases, rather than phyllosilicates, indicates that aqueous fluids were present at or close to the peak of thermal metamorphism, rather than during the waning stages of the cooling history of the parent body. In addition, ferrous olivine crystals, in association with the amphibole, also establish an important link between thermal metamorphism and hydrous phases formed at high temperatures. Mineralogic and textural evidence suggests that the white matrix and amphibole formed contemporaneously from the same hydrous fluid, prior to the formation of ferrous olivine crystals. Additionally, a dark inclusion identified in the host chondrite has mineralogic, petrologic, and bulk chemical characteristics that are similar to the black matrix of host Tieschitz, suggesting that this dark inclusion was emplaced before or during parent body metamorphism.
Soybean response to carbon dioxide and molybdenum

The objective of this experiment was to measure the impact of molybdenum (Mo) addition to the soil on changes in rate of photosynthesis (PN), specific root nodule nitrogenase activity (SNA), chloro...
004 Partnering to Transform Clinical Research Into Evidence-Based Health Care Guidelines

Background A guideline-making body nominated pressure ulcer risk assessment, prevention, and treatment as evidence review topics to support the development of clinical practice guidelines, partnering with a funding agency and a systematic review team to conduct the research. Context Collaboration may enhance evidence-based health care given that multiple organisations bring diverse resources and expertise to the process of guideline development. By partnering to develop systematic reviews (SR) with focused research questions, funders, review teams, and guideline committees can effectively evaluate and synthesise the voluminous evidence required to inform guidelines. Description of Best Practice We describe our processes for linking reviews to guideline development, including: •Nomination/refinement of focused review topics •Clearly defined roles for each participant •Development of comprehensive SRs •Well defined processes to preserve the scientific integrity of the review while allowing for input from stakeholders •Stakeholder and funder participation throughout the review process •Development of the guideline •Publication of the research results and guidelines. Lessons for Guideline Developers, Adaptors, Implementers, and/or Users Challenges include balancing the interests of the nominator/guideline developer and a broader stakeholder audience; answering the clinically important questions needed to develop a guideline; effectively presenting the findings; and coordinating among groups. Collaboration ensures that SRs are focused and relevant to guideline committees, aiding in the development of research that meaningfully informs clinical guidelines. Synergy between partner organisations can lead to wider dissemination of findings and facilitate timely guideline development for implementing best practices to improve health outcomes.
Nature of the alteration of the fluorescence spectrum of bovine serum albumin produced by the binding of dodecyl sulfate.

Abstract Interaction of dodecyl sulfate with bovine serum albumin altered the fluorescence spectrum of the protein. Binding of 12 equivalents of the ligand produced the entire effect. The spectral alteration proceeded in two stages. Quenching occurred during the first stage, whereas a blue shift and enhancement of intensity characterized the second stage. An influence of binding on the state of ionization of e-amino groups in the long-chain ligand-binding sites and in the immediate vicinity of a tryptophan appeared to be partially responsible for the quenching. The blue shift and enhancement of intensity, observed in the second stage of the alteration, was caused by a more hydrophobic environment for tryptophan in the ligand-protein complex than in the non-complexed protein. Little influence on tyrosine fluorescence occurred.
Operative Volume in Colon Surgery A Matched Cohort Analysis

Although previous studies have suggested that higher volumes of colectomies performed by surgeons and hospitals are associated with lower mortality, less is known about the relationship between volume and resource utilization. The research team tested the association between volume, costs, complications, length of stay, and mortality using data from the National Inpatient Sample. Results suggest higher volumes for both surgeons and hospitals were associated with lower costs, fewer complications, shorter length of stay, and lower mortality. Propensity score matching showed no significant difference in mortality by surgeon volume (7.38% vs 7.46%, P=.0.842), but significantly fewer complications (45.06% vs 49.10%, P=.008), shorter length of stay (11.8 vs 13.1 days, P<.0001), and lower costs ($33,142 vs $29,578, P<.0001) for high-volume surgeons. Although the major driver of complications and mortality is burden of disease and comorbid conditions, individual surgeon volume is an important determinant of length of stay and costs.
Nutrition in Critically Ill Obese Patients

Critically ill obese patients require timely nutrition in the intensive care unit. Hypocaloric, high protein nutritional feeding might have a role in critically ill obese patients. Although critically ill obese patients need special medical and nutritional care as do nonobese patients in the ICU, there are some differences in the literature about the initiation, routes, and nature of nutritional support. This article reviews the norms of nutritional care among critically ill obese patients and the differences between these patients and those with a normal BMI.
An algorithm for computing links

Object type graphs (OTG) [5] are a new typing scheme for objects. It redefines object types by adding object component interdependencies (links) into object type representations. As such, it can prevent, by a more rigorous type-checking, program runtime errors that cannot be avoided under conventional object type systems. Unfortunately, links, as a key concept in the notion of OTG, have not been fully understood in the sense that it is unclear how to compute them. This paper addresses the links issue in the following way: (1) present an initial link computation algorithm; (2) illustrate how this algorithm works by providing some computation examples; (3) carry out a time complexity analysis of this algorithm.
The EvtGen particle decay simulation package

With several new B-physics experiments now taking data, the physics of B-meson decays will be studied in greater detail than previously possible. It is important to have a simulation of the underlying physics processes that is able to accurately describe this data. The EvtGen package provides a framework for the implementation of physics processes relevant to decays of B mesons and other resonances. Models of time dependent CP asymmetries in neutral B meson decays, semileptonic form-factor models, and a full decay table for B decays are a few of the implemented features.
B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in Latvia: Epidemiological aspects

: As in western Europe and the USA, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in Latvia is the most prevalent type of leukaemia. A total of 1509 newly diagnosed cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia entered the study, 440 of whom were followed up at the Latvian Haematology Centre. The main peculiarities of the study were: 1) the higher incidence of the disease in Latvia as compared with other regions of the former USSR and with western countries, 2) a lower male-to-female ratio than in most other countries and 3) a higher morbidity among the Latvian population in comparison with the Russian. A positive correlation between the disease stage and survival was confirmed, but no precise individual prognosis in an early stage of the disease was possible.
Optimization of Gas Adsorption Porosimetry for Geopolymer Analysis

Gas adsorption porosity measurement of geopolymers (GPs) is required for quantitative understanding of such mesoporous structures, but the complex nature of the GP system makes analysis difficult. Previous results in the literature are often ambiguous or contradictory. A systematic investigation of metakaolin GP gas adsorption results was conducted to optimize the use of this measurement technique and verify that results match known theory about GP structure. It was found that GP undergoes structural change upon degassing at 100°C or higher. If and only if this change is prevented by degassing at a lower temperature could it be shown that specific surface area and total gas adsorption increases with both increasing curing temperature and decreased Si:Al ratio. This observation is consistent with previous suggestions of increased zeolitic character under these conditions, where previous gas adsorption investigations had not observed this expected relationship. Hydrogen physisorption is proposed as a substitute technique for micropore isotherms in GPs due to the difficulty of removing trace gasses from GPs and the measurement effect of such gasses at high vacuum. A hydrogen physisorption isotherm qualitatively resembled an equivalent nitrogen micropore isotherm.
A comparison of TLD dosimeters: LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P for measurement of radiation therapy doses

TLDs (thermoLuminescent dosimeters) are used in radiation therapy to verify the radiationdosecancer patients receive. University of Virginia RadiationOncology clinic TLD results must be fully trustworthy so physicians can confidently monitor and determine a patient’s treatment. A systematic investigation of major factors affecting TLD response and accuracy was carried out. The factors investigated were dose response, energy response, and fading response for two types of TLDs. The supralinear dose response of LiF:Mg,Ti and slightly sublinear dose response of LiF:Mg,Cu,P is documented. In energy response, LiF:Mg,Ti over-responds 46% at 33 keV while LiF:Mg,Cu,P under-responds by 10%–20% in the kilovoltage region. Fading of LiF:Mg,Ti was measured at 9% in 63 days while the output of LiF:Mg,Cu,P enhanced by 8% 23 days after irradiation. Overall accuracy at the 95% CL is 2.18% for LiF:Mg,Ti and 4.09% for LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Confidence in UVa RadiationOncologyTLD measurements was enhanced with the use of improved procedures. The improvements include reading LiF:Mg,Cu,P with a neutral density filter in the TLD reader, labeling of TLDs with identifying numbers, and use of a circular annealing tray for cooling. LiF:Mg,Cu,P releases about 34 times more light than LiF:Mg,Ti, and a neutral density filter prevents saturation of the TLD reader. Labeled TLDs are easier to work with, resolve mix-ups, and increase accuracy by allowing TLDs to be read always in the same orientation (although labeling slightly reduces the light output). TLDs all cool at the same rate on the circular tray, which maintains consistent TLD sensitivity between TLDs and multiple uses. The improved University of Virginia TLD procedure is documented.
Order-α 4 R ∞ contributions to positronium hyperfine structure from radiative corrections to two-photon virtual annihilation

We present the details of our calculation of radiative corrections affecting the two-photon virtual-annihilation contributions to the positronium hyperfine splitting in order $m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{4}{R}_{\ensuremath{\infty}})$. Our result, which is obtained in analytic form, is $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{2\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{A}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{4}{R}_{\ensuremath{\infty}})=\ensuremath{-}13.13$ MHz. We point out the gauge invariance of the result and demonstrate the cancellation of potential infrared contributions which appear at intermediate stages of the calculation.
Further thoughts on an enigma: The tortuous life of Nicolò Manucci, 1638–c. 1720

The article seeks to re-examine the career and work of a celebrated ‘adventurer’ of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century, the Venetian Nicolo Manucci (1638–c. 1720). Manucci's work, transla...
Lignin peroxidase oxidation of veratryl alcohol: effects of the mutants H82A, Q222A, W171A, and F267L.

The site-directed mutations H82A and Q222A (residues near the heme access channel), and W171A and F267L (residues near the surface of the protein) were introduced into the gene encoding lignin peroxidase (LiP) isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The variant enzymes were produced by homologous expression in P. chrysosporium, purified to homogeneity, and characterized by kinetic and spectroscopic methods. The molecular masses, the pIs, and the UV−vis absorption spectra of the ferric and oxidized states of these LiP variant enzymes were similar to those of wild-type LiP (wtLiP), suggesting the overall protein and heme environments were not significantly affected by these mutations. The steady-state and transient-state parameters for the oxidation of veratryl alcohol (VA) by the H82A and Q222A variants were very similar to those of wtLiP, demonstrating that these residues are not involved in VA oxidation and that the heme access channel is an unlikely site for VA oxidation. In contrast, the W171A var...
Chlorhexidine Does Not Provide a Significant Effect on the Control of Coronal and Root Caries Development in the Elderly

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Chlorhexidine and Preservation of Sound Tooth Structure in Older Adults. A Placebo-Controlled Trial Wyatt CC, Maupome G, Hujoel PP, MacEntee MI, Persson GR, Persson RE, et al. Caries Res 2007;41(2):93-101 Level of Evidence 1B Purpose/Question The authors investigated in a double-blind randomized placebo-based clinical trial the effectiveness of a chlorhexidine regimen compared to a placebo for reducing the incidence of dental caries in an elderly population. Source of Funding Funded by NIDCR grant number RO1 DE12215 Type of Study/Design Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Based Clinical Trial
“It’s the Knowledge That Puts You in Control” The Embodied Labor of Gynecological Educators

Studies have recently begun to attend to the ways paid labor is embodied. However, the literature on embodied labor has not adequately addressed occupations for which the site of labor is the worker’s own body. One such occupation is that of gynecological educators—female-bodied instructors who teach breast and pelvic examinations to medical students using their own bodies as models. Drawing on interviews with current and former gynecological educators and professional directors, I ask how workers use their bodies to produce legitimated forms of knowledge and how workers navigate gendered meanings attached to bodies. Gynecological educators use a distancing technique I call strategic dualism, which draws on using constructions of the body as an object while simultaneously relying on subjective experiences. This technique allows them to maintain their knowledge and authority, and suggests that workers are able to selectively draw on gendered meanings about the female body to pursue their goals.
Combined cutting balloon angioplasty and intracoronary beta radiation for treatment of in-stent restenosis: clinical outcomes and effect of pullback radiation for long lesions.

Intracoronary beta (β) radiation decreases the incidence of target lesion revascularization after percutaneous intervention (PCI) for in-stent restenosis (ISR). Cutting balloon (CB) angioplasty may also be superior to other percutaneous techniques for the treatment of ISR. We sought to study the outcomes of patients with ISR who underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation and compare them to patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant radiation. We also sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pullback intracoronary β radiation for the treatment of long ISR lesions. Between January 2001 and November 2001, 102 patients (mean age = 55 ± 13 years) with ISR underwent both CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation. β radiation was delivered using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system, and pullback radiation was performed in 41 patients. A comparison group included a total of 393 patients with ISR who underwent other PCI techniques without concomitant intracoronary radiation therapy. Follow-up was obtained in 99 patients (97%) in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group and 377 patients (96%) in the comparison group. At follow-up, both target vessel revascularization (TVR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred significantly less in the CB angioplasty with intracoronary radiation group than in the comparison group (7% vs. 18% for TVR, and 14% vs. 24% for MACE; P < 0.05 for both). In the pullback radiation group, TVR was performed in five patients (12%), and MACE occurred in eight patients (20%). A combination of CB angioplasty and intracoronay β radiation for ISR seems to yield low rates of subsequent target vessel revascularization and adverse cardiac events. In addition, pullback β radiation using the Beta Cath (Novoste) 30 mm system is safe and can be used to treat long ISR lesions effectively. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:325–329. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry.

Copyright © 1993 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: Circulation is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 1993;88;2460-2470 Circulation D Perloff, C Grim, J Flack, ED Frohlich, M Hill, M McDonald and BZ Morgenstern Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry http://circ.ahajournals.org the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on
Science and Technology for What

In 1939 American scholar Robert S. Lynd first published his classic book Knowledge for What? (Lynd, 1948). It provided statements on the requirement for social science knowledge to serve policymaking. This paper addresses the requirement for science and technology education policy to undergo changes dictated by the 21st-century environment. It also identifies the inseparable links between political governance and educational policymaking. Views of 50 global professionals were solicited for their answers to the fundamental question: Science and technology for what? Experience of the respondents was in science, technology, education, religion, defense, engineering, space, business, and government. This paper classifies and summarizes those responses, then provides the author’s analysis and conclusion that humanity has reached the point in history where its long-term future is doubtful if both policymaking and education fail to formally conclude that the answer to the question, Science and technology for what? . . . is determined to be: Global humanity. The paper, therefore, is more concerned with the strategic answers to the meta question of Science and technology for what? than the precise answers for individual science disciplines. The paper datareduces focus group responses into 18 categories (Figure 1), and provides only illustrative discrete uses of what education for science and technology within those categories should do. The reader will grasp the complexities of moving from strategic decisions to changes within the disciplines of science and the applications of technology.
Mechanics of Texturing Thermoplastic Yarns: Part VI: Transient Mechanics of Draw Texturing

The structural model used in an earlier paper for analysis of steady-state mechanics of draw texturing is applied here to the case of process transients. In an earlier report on steady-state operation, expressions for threadline tension and torque were equated for cold zone and hot zone locations. In this treatment of transient operation, their time derivations are equated at hot and cold locations. Time derivatives of local twist (turns) and of local filament mass are also formulated for various threadline zones. A system of seven nonlinear differential equations is developed and solved numerically by digital computer. Values are obtained for time variations of threadline tension, torque, and local twist which follow upon disturbances of spindle speed or entry or exit roller velocity. Experimental values of threadline tension, torque, and twist are reported to be in close agreement with predicted results. The effects of oscillatory disturbances are also considered.
Moving on from weiser's vision of calm computing: engaging ubicomp experiences

A motivation behind much UbiComp research has been to make our lives convenient, comfortable and informed, following in the footsteps of Weiser's calm computing vision. Three themes that have dominated are context awareness, ambient intelligence and monitoring/tracking. While these avenues of research have been fruitful their accomplishments do not match up to anything like Weiser's world. This paper discusses why this is so and argues that is time for a change of direction in the field. An alternative agenda is outlined that focuses on engaging rather than calming people. Humans are very resourceful at exploiting their environments and extending their capabilities using existing strategies and tools. I describe how pervasive technologies can be added to the mix, outlining three areas of practice where there is much potential for professionals and laypeople alike to combine, adapt and use them in creative and constructive ways.
Studies on the Synthesis and Processing of the Asparagine-Linked Carbohydrate Units of Glycoproteins

It has become apparent in recent years from the work of a number of laboratories that the N-glycosylation of both membrane and secretory glycoproteins is effected by the transfer en bloc to nascent polypeptides of a glucose-containing oligosaccharide (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) from a dolichyl pyrophosphoryl carrier; this is followed by a series of modifying reactions to yield the mature polymannose and complex asparagine-linked carbohydrate units. The enzymic steps involved in the assembly of the precursor oligosaccharide, its transfer to protein and its subsequent processing represent potential sites for the regulation of glycoprotein synthesis. Studies performed in our laboratory have dealt primarily with thyroid slices and particulate enzymes with special regard to the role of glucose in these events. Thyroglobulin, the major secretory glycoprotein of this tissue, has well defined complex and polymannose saccharide units, and indeed the most complete form of the latter (Man9GlcNAc2) has the same structure as the lipid-linked oligosaccharide without the glucose. Our studies indicate that effective N-glycosylation requires a complete glucose chain (Glc3) and that the glucose sequence is assembled from dolichol-P-glucose in a stepwise manner through the concerted action of at least two transferases in a fashion complementary to the subsequent excision of this sugar by glucosidases. Pulse-chase studies indicate that, after the transfer to protein, the removal of all three glucose residues as well as of the first mannose takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and three additional mannoses are excised in the Golgi complex, because in the presence of an inhibitor of intracellular transport, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), there is a pronounced accumulation of protein-linked Man8GlcNAc2. Studies with metabolic inhibitors (CCCP, antimycin, N2) indicate that, under conditions of energy depletion, glucosylation of oligosaccharide-lipid is selectively impaired, resulting in an accumulation, as measured chemically or metabolically, of high-mannose-containing (Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2) lipid-linked saccharides. Further evidence that the glucosylation reaction is very sensitive to the metabolic state is suggested by the observation that tissues not rapidly frozen after removal from the animal show a similar depletion of the glucose-containing oligosaccharide lipids. Another important aspect for the regulation of N-glycosylation of proteins is the availability of dolichyl phosphate for the formation of the lipid-linked mono- and oligosaccharides. Our studies with puromycin suggest that there is a limited supply of the lipid carrier, because in the presence of this inhibitor there is no accumulation of any of the oligosaccharide-lipid species.
Reconfigurable resource architecture improves VLSI tester utilization

A VLSI tester which can be reconfigured from one high pin count test head to multiple independent lower pin count test heads is described. This reconfigurable resource architecture is shown to provide improved tester utilization for the factory. Greater utilization results in reduced capital equipment costs, thus reducing test costs for the test equipment user. A reconfigurable resource architecture also provides greater flexibility for future upgrades as a result of changing pin count combinations or increased pin count. >
Low intensity vagal nerve stimulation lowers human thermal pain thresholds

The effect of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on thermal pain sensation was studied in eight subjects who had vagal nerve stimulators surgically implanted for purposes of seizure control. Prior to their involvement in the study, all subjects had the intensity of their VNS (30 Hz, 0.5 ms, 1.0-2.75 mA) adjusted upwards until achieving their desired clinical effect of reduced seizures. Thermal pain thresholds were determined using a Medoc TSA-2001 with a thermode applied to the skin of the forearm. During VNS at settings 100% of those used clinically to control their seizures, subjects showed a statistically significant decrease in their thermal pain threshold of 1.1+/-0.4 degrees C. Acute effects of graded VNS on thermal pain thresholds were determined in seven of the subjects after cessation of chronic VNS. Two thermal threshold measurements were obtained while the subject received sham stimulation (0 mA intensity), during tactile control stimulation and during 30 s of VNS at intensities approximately 33, 66 and 100% of the settings utilized to control their seizures. Tactile control stimulation was provided by electrical stimulation of the skin of the ankle with the intensity adjusted by the patient to match the intensity of any sensations felt in the neck during VNS. Subjects were not aware of the settings employed. Their stimulator was adjusted with each trial and an ascending/descending ordering of intensity was utilized with an inter-trial interval of 2 min. Thermal pain thresholds were significantly decreased in relation to tactile control stimulation at all intensities of VNS tested with the greatest effect occurring at the 66% level. Subjects were also monitored non-invasively and hemodynamic responses to VNS were determined. No significant alterations in hemodynamic variables were observed. The findings of this human study are consistent with experiments in non-human animals which demonstrate a pro-nociceptive effect of low intensity VNS.
Iron, Lead, and Children's Behavior and Cognition

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world, with consequences of ID and ID anemia (IDA) in young children including behavioral and cognitive deficits. In turn, lead exposure is one of the most common environmental toxicants affecting children. Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in young children are also associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits. The metabolic and physiological connections between iron and lead, including a common route of entry into the body and similar neural targets, suggest a considerable overlap in their effects on functional outcomes. Very few studies have examined the existence of increased susceptibility to lead neurotoxicity in children with ID, but there is evidence that ID and BLL are independently associated with cognition and behavior. Children's susceptibility to both ID and elevated BLLs will likely depend on the timing and severity of both exposures, something that should be investigated systematically.
Oxygen Lewis Number Effects on Reduced Gravity Combustion of Methanol and n-Heptane Droplets

ABSTRACTReduced gravity combustion experiments were performed aboard the International Space Station with individual methanol and n-heptane droplets that had initial diameters in the 1.2–5.0-mm-size range. Experiments were performed with air-inert mixtures at 0.1 and 0.07 MPa and about 298 K, where the monatomic gases helium and xenon were separately used as the added inert. These two gases have the same thermodynamic properties on a molar basis, but their transport properties are significantly different, allowing investigation of transport property effects, such as Lewis number variations on combustion phenomena. The results indicate that ambient gas transport properties play an important role in determining limiting oxygen indices as well as burning rates and radiant heat output histories of flames. However, comparison with drop tower data suggests that initial droplet diameters may not play a significant role in determining limiting oxygen index values.
Perioperative Imaging Strategies for Carotid Endarterectomy: An Analysis of Morbidity and Cost-effectiveness in Symptomatic Patients

Objective. —To assess the cost-effectiveness of four diagnostic strategies for the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic patients who are potential candidates for carotid endarterectomy (ie, 70% to 99% stenosis): (1) duplex sonography (DS), (2) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), (3) contrast angiography (CA), and (4) the combination of DS and MRA supplemented by CA for disparate results. Methods. —Cost-effectiveness analysis based largely on published clinical trial data. Sensitivities and specificities of noninvasive tests were estimated from 81 patients undergoing prospective evaluation with DS, MRA, and CA. Outcome Measure. —Incremental cost per quality-adjusted year of life gained. Results. —For a hypothetical cohort of symptomatic patients undergoing evaluation for carotid endarterectomy, the combination of tests resulted in the greatest quality-adjusted life expectancy of the four options considered. After incorporating the costs of testing, surgery, and stroke, we found that neither the MRA nor the CA strategy was cost-effective. The combination of tests was more effective but more costly than DS, resulting in an additional cost of $22 400 per quality-adjusted year of life gained. For centers that do not have adequate MRA, CA resulted in an additional cost of $99 200 per quality-adjusted year of life saved compared with DS. Conclusions. —Our results suggest that for the preoperative detection of a 70% to 99% carotid stenosis, the combination of DS and MRA, supplemented by CA for disparate results, is associated with the lowest long-term morbidity and mortality and has a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio. The combination of tests, or DS alone when MRA is not available, could potentially replace the current practice of using CA alone in the preoperative evaluation of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. (JAMA. 1995;274:888-893)
The Method for Performance Measurement Matters: Diabetes Care Quality as Measured by Administrative Claims and Institutional Registry.

Objectives Performance measurement is used by health care providers, payers, and patients. Historically accomplished using administrative data, registries are used increasingly to track and improve care. We assess how measured diabetes care quality differs when calculated using claims versus registry. Data Sources/Study Setting Cross-sectional analysis of administrative claims and electronic health records (EHRs) of patients in a multispecialty integrated health system in 2012 (n = 368,883). Study Design We calculated percent of patients attaining glycohemoglobin <8.0 percent, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, and nonsmoking (D4) in cohorts, identified by Medicare Accountable Care Organization/Minnesota Community Measures (ACO-MNCM; claims-based), Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS; claims-based), and registry (EHR-based). Data Collection/Extraction Methods Claims were linked to EHR to create a dataset of performance-eligible patients. Principal Findings ACO-MNCM, HEDIS, and registry identified 6,475, 6,989, and 6,425 measurement-eligible patients. Half were common among the methods; discrepancies were due to attribution, age restriction, and encounter requirements. D4 attainment was lower in ACO-MNCM (36.09 percent) and HEDIS (37.51 percent) compared to registry (43.74 percent) cohorts. Conclusions Registry- and claims-based performance measurement methods identify different patients, resulting in different rates of quality metric attainment with implications for innovative population health management.
Noncarious Cervical Lesions: Prevalence, Etiology, and Management

In this chapter, current theoretical information and evidence-based clinical management strategies for noncarious cervical lesions are presented. Topics addressed include the prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and noninvasive and invasive management of lesions created by the loss of hard tissue from the cervical areas of teeth through processes unrelated to caries lesion formation. Treatment modalities outlined range from noninvasive to invasive and include dentin desensitization and/or periodontal management as well as restorative therapy using different restorative materials.
Triumph in Defeat: The Genre of Third Party Presidential Concessions

I argue through analysis of the genre of concession speeches that third party presidential candidates have rhetorical norms of their own that address their unique challenges as political outsiders. I contend that their concessions are a variant of the concession genre warranted by the recurring situational barriers and overall purposes for minor party presidential campaigns. In developing this argument, I describe the function and form of traditional concessions, offer an alternative theory based on the analysis of over 30 such statements by various third party nominees from 1948 to 2008, and then provide three case studies demonstrating the genre.
Stress Functions for Nonlinear Shallow Shell Theory

This note obtains the stress function solution of the homogeneous equilibrium equations of the nonlinear shallow shell theory as formulated in [1].
POST-SHOCK ELECTROMECHANICAL DISSOCIATION DURING DEFIBRILLATION THRESHOLD TESTING

Post shock electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is a rare but potentially lethal complication during defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate post-shock EMD during DFT testing. We investigated 414 patients undergoing DFT testing at the insertion or
Recent Developments in the Use of Mazda Lamps for Color Motion Picture Photography

This paper supplements a previous one in which the advantages of operating tungsten filament lamps at very high efficiencies were explained. The paper discusses the development of a glass filter, which when used with 33-lumen-per-watt lamps gives practically perfect white light, suitable for color photography.
Governance and Foreign Assistance: the Imperfect Translation of Ideas into Outcomes

Foreign assistance has been part of the international landscape for more than fifty years (Lumsdaine 1993). Most major industrialized countries have cabinet or sub-cabinet level aid agencies. There are development banks for every major region of the world as well as the World Bank and the IMF. Many highly trained individuals in government, universities, and elsewhere have devoted their careers to understanding how richer parts of the world might contribute to the growth of poorer areas.
Transitional care in skilled nursing facilities: a multiple case study

Among hospitalized older adults who transfer to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) for short stays and subsequently transfer to home, twenty two percent require additional emergency department or hospital care within 30 days. Transitional care services, that provide continuity and coordination of care as older adults transition between settings of care, decrease complications during transitions in care, however, they have not been examined in SNFs. Thus, this study described how existing staff in SNFs delivered transitional care to identify opportunities for improvement. In this prospective, multiple case study, a case was defined as an individual SNF. Using a sampling plan to assure maximum variation among SNFs, three SNFs were purposefully selected and 54 staff, patients and family caregivers participated in data collection activities, which included observations of care (N = 235), interviews (N = 66) and review of documents (N = 35). Thematic analysis was used to describe similarities and differences in transitional care provided in the SNFs as well as organizational structures and the quality of care-team interactions that supported staff who delivered transitional care services. Staff in Case 1 completed most key transitional care services. Staff in Cases 2 and 3, however, had incomplete and/or absent services. Staff in Case 1, but not in Cases 2 and 3, reported a clear understanding of the need for transitional care, used formal transitional care team meetings and tracking tools to plan care, and engaged in robust team interactions. Organizational structures in SNFs that support staff and interactions among patients, families and staff appeared to promote the ability of staff in SNFs to deliver evidence-based transitional care services. Findings suggest practical approaches to develop new care routines, tools, and staff training materials to enhance the ability of existing SNF staff to effectively deliver transitional care.
Neurobiological Probes for Specific Constituents of Senile Plaques in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

Senile plaques are composed of neurites (enlarged axons, nerve terminals, and, possibly, dendrites) associated with focal deposits of amyloid. Plaques are present in small numbers in the amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex in elderly primates and are abundant in these regions in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Aged macaques provide a model for investigations of plaques. One of the earliest abnormalities identified in these older animals is multifocal enlargement of individual axons within the cortex. Later, enlarged neurites appear in clusters (neurite plaques); in mixed plaques, neurites are associated with amyloid. In the oldest animals, many plaques show relatively greater proportions of amyloid. These observations are interpreted to indicate that axonal pathology is an early event and that plaques evolve from the neurite type to the amyloid type. Using antibody probes, we have identified abnormal axons and neurites derived from cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic systems. These axons and neurites also show accumulations of cytoskeletal antigens, including neurofilament peptides. Similarly, in human tissues, these approaches have identified abnormalities of the cytoskeleton and demonstrated a variety of transmitter-specific antigens in plaques.
Fhit loss‐associated initiation and progression of neoplasia in vitro

The FHIT gene, encompassing an active common fragile site, FRA3B, is frequently silenced in preneoplasia and cancer, through gene rearrangement or methylation of regulatory sequences. Silencing of Fhit protein expression causes thymidine kinase 1 downregulation, resulting in dNTP imbalance, and spontaneous replication stress that leads to chromosomal aberrations, allele copy number variations, insertions/deletions, and single-base substitutions. Thus, Fhit, which is reduced in expression in the majority of human cancers, is a genome "caretaker" whose loss initiates genome instability in preneoplastic lesions. To follow the early genetic alterations and functional changes induced by Fhit loss that may recapitulate the neoplastic process in vitro, we established epithelial cell lines from kidney tissues of Fhit-/- and +/+ mouse pups early after weaning, and subjected cell cultures to nutritional and carcinogen stress, which +/+ cells did not survive. Through transcriptome profiling and protein expression analysis, we observed changes in the Trp53/p21 and survivin apoptotic pathways in -/- cells, and in expression of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Some Fhit-deficient cell lines showed anchorage-independent colony formation and increased invasive capacity in vitro. Furthermore, cells of stressed Fhit-/- cell lines formed s.c. and metastatic tumors in nude mice. Collectively, we show that Fhit loss and subsequent thymidine kinase 1 inactivation, combined with selective pressures, leads to neoplasia-associated alterations in genes and gene expression patterns in vitro and in vivo.