cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of energy loss by a nanomechanical oscillator coupled to a Cooper-pair box

We calculate the dynamics of a nanomechanical oscillator (NMO) coupled capacitively to a Cooper-pair box (CPB) by solving a stochastic Schr\"odinger equation with two Lindblad operators [Commun. Math. Phys. 48, 119 (1976).]. Both the NMO and the CPB are assumed dissipative, and the coupling is treated within the rotating wave approximation. We show numerically that, if the CPB decay time is smaller than the NMO decay time, the coupled NMO will lose energy faster and the coupled CPB more slowly than the uncoupled NMO and CPB do. The results show that the efficiency of energy loss by an NMO can be substantially increased if the NMO is coupled to a CPB.
Is Collaboration a Good Investment? Modeling the Impact of Government Support for Nonprofit Collaborative Watershed Management Councils.

This paper couples data concerning 2500 grants given to local watershed management councils by an Oregon state agency, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB), with 20 years of monthly water quality data sampled at 141 sites around the state. I examine whether public input, in the form of grant funding, to nonprofit watershed councils impacts water quality, and further compare the impacts of different grant types, such as restoration projects or stakeholder outreach. These data present some of the first evidence regarding the effect of collaborative management outputs on environmental outcomes (Carr et al. 2012; Koontz and Thomas 2006). In modeling these effects, this paper also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating how spatio-temporal ecological and epidemiological modeling techniques can be used to test policy theory and analyze policy impacts using extant data. Specifically, I use integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) (Rue et al. 2009) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) (Lindgren et al. 2011) to fit a hierarchical Bayesian model that accounts for spatial and temporal dependency. I find that increased public support (in the form of OWEB grant funds) for nonprofit watershed council education and outreach actions are strongly linked to water quality improvements. Support for council administrative purposes and scientific or technical activities are also associated with improved water quality over longer timer periods. The impacts of restoration projects are positive on average but more uncertain.
Seasonal variation in reproductive condition of the Peco Bluntnose Shiner ( Notropis simus pecosensis )

Abstract. Reproductive strategies vary among freshwater fishes. Information on reproductive characteristics is important for water managers' efforts to protect and recover imperiled species. We describe aspects of the reproductive ecology of Pecos Bluntnose Shiner (Notropis simus pecosensis). We determined gonadosomatic index, examined ovarian condition, and counted mature ova to determine the seasonal reproductive timing and duration of Pecos Bluntnose Shiner in the Pecos River, New Mexico. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic index, ovarian stage, and number of mature ova per female suggest that Pecos Bluntnose Shiner has a reproductive season extending from April through September, with a peak occurring in June and July. In July, 93% (n = 44) of female Pecos Bluntnose Shiner were in reproductive condition, regardless of size. The highest number of mature ova counted (1498) was observed in a 59.5-mm (standard length) female from June 2009. Peak spawning activity coincides with sustained water releases from ...
Small Intestinal Submucosa Implantation for the Possible Treatment of Vocal Fold Scar, Sulcus, and Superficial Lamina Propria Atrophy.

Objectives Evaluate the histologic effects of grafting porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa (SIS) into the vocal fold superficial lamina propria (SLP) layer for the potential treatment of vocal fold scar, sulcus and superficial lamina propria atrophy. Methods Small intestinal submucosa was implanted into the right vocal fold SLP of 6 mongrel dogs. The left vocal fold served as a sham surgical control. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperative, bilateral vocal fold specimens were evaluated histologically. Results At 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, SIS-implanted vocal folds demonstrated moderate and mild inflammation and acute and chronic inflammation. At 6 weeks, inflammation was minimal and chronic. The 6-week specimens showed copious amounts of newly generated hyaluronic acid (HA) within the graft. There was no reactive fibrosis at 6 weeks. Conclusions In the canine model, SIS appears safe for SLP grafting. Inflammation is similar to that of sham surgery. Small intestinal submucosa results in newly generated HA without concomitant fibrosis. Small intestinal submucosa has potential to be used in treatment of disorders with SLP, including vocal fold scar, sulcus, and atrophy. Studies evaluating the effect of SIS implantation on vocal fold function, as well as the ultimate fate of the graft, are required.
Mandatory Withdrawal and Leave of Absence Revisited

This essay addresses college and university mandatory withdrawal and leave of absence policies that may be used to remove students who pose a danger to themselves or others from campus. The essay describes the legal bases underlying these policies, provides guidance for institutions of higher education that seek to draft or amend their policies, and briefly describes situations under which students might be permitted to return to campus. The essay also advocates developing a statement regarding who is an "otherwise qualified student."
Fall Daytime Resting Habits of Raccoons as Determined by Telemetry

The locations of 173 daytime resting sites of seven raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) in east central Minnesota were studied during September through November 1964. An automatic radio-tracking system was the mam method employed to locate animals, although field checks with a portable receiver also provided data. Persistent field checks apparently disturbed one of the animals. Distributions of resting sites of four of the animals are illustrated, described and analyzed; all individuals generally shifted resting sites from day to day, but each used certain areas more frequently than others. Ground beds in cattail marshes and alder and cedar swamps were used almost exclusively as resting sites. Some individuals shifted resting sites as much as one mile from one day to the next. No apparent patterns or consistencies among individuals were found in the frequency distributions of distances between consecutive resting sites or of activity radii of the sites. Evidence is presented indicating that three individuals using the same general area seemed to maintain a certain minimum distance among the resting sites chosen by each on any given day.
Attractancy of putrefied animal and plant proteins to the eye gnat Hippelates collusor (Diptera: Chloropidae).

Fourteen proteinaceous materials of animal or plant origin were dissolved or suspended in water, putrefied (fermented) for various durations, and evaluated for their attractancy to the eye gnat Hippelates collusor (Townsend) in olfactometer under field conditions. Peak attractancy varied according to the protein, its concentration and duration of putrefaction. Soy Peptone T (technical grade enzymatic digest of soybean), Soy Peptone (enzymatic digest of soybean), NZ Amine YT (enzymatic digest of casein), Edamin T (technical grade lactalbumin), Edamin (lactalbumin reduced to constitutent amino acids and peptides), Promosoy 100 (soybean protein concentrate), and SBOM (soybean oil meal) at 2% were highly attractive to the eye gnats after they were putrefied from 2–12 days. Soy Peptone was the most attractive material after putrefaction for a short period (3 days). The remaining materials were either less attractive than the standard or required longer putrefaction periods. Soy Peptone at 20% concentration manifested peak attractancy 4 days after start of putrefaction. Freeze-dried Promosoy 100 (20% and 25%) was attractive to eye gnats when putrefied from 7–11 days before freeze-drying.
Poplar (Populus deltoides L.): The Effect of Washing Pretreated Biomass on Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation to Ethanol

In this work, Populus deltoides L. biomass was pretreated in 0.98% (v/v) sulfuric acid at 140 °C for 40 min. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, pretreated biomass was either not washed or washed with 1.5 or 3 volumes of water, as compared to biomass. Rinsing the pretreated biomass with 1.5 or 3 volumes of water resulted in glucose yields that were seven times greater than the nonwashed treatment. Pretreatment hydrolyzates, wash waters, and enzymatic hydrolysis hydrolyzates were analyzed for carbohydrate, aliphatic acid, aldehyde, and phenolic content. An analysis of the wash waters showed the presence of gallic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferrulic, trans-cinnamic, and salicylic acids at concentrations below 0.07 mg mL–1. Washed and nonwashed enzymatic hydrolyzates showed significant differences in gallic, vanillic, ferrulic, and salicylic acid concentrations, indicating that these compounds could be in part responsible for inhibiting enzymatic hydrolysis. Nonwashed and washed enzymatic hydrolysates were ...
Dislocation Nucleation at a Surface Step by a Multiscale Approach

Nucleation of a screw dislocation at a step from a {112} surface of tantalum has been studied by a multiscale approach. The profile of the dislocation, represented by the relative displacement between two adjacent atomic layers along the slip plane, is solved based on the variational boundary integral formulation of the Peierls-Nabarro dislocation model, in which the interatomic potential is incorporated based on atomic calculations of generalized stacking fault energies. The results show that the atomic scale step significantly facilitates dislocation nucleation from the surface. The results from all atom calculations are also presented to corroborate the results obtained by this multiscale approach.
Nursing Strategy of Two Newborns with Congenital Largngeal Cysts

Objective To report the congenital largngeal cysts of two new borns and inquiry into its nursing strategy. Methods Two new borns with the congenital largngeal cysts were analysed retrospectively. Results Through strict observation on the patient,we could do some help in correcting and diagnosing in time. The inborn larynx bag swollen of the two new borns was cured and the two patients leaved hospital healthily. Conclusion We should strictly observe the condition of the patient,provide the best condition for the surgical operation,still continue to accumulate the clinical experience,and take charge of the professional knowledge completely in order to provide assurance and emollient basis for diagnosis and treatment.
Detecting hardware trojans: a tale of two techniques

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are designed and fabricated in a globalized multi-vendor environment making them vulnerable to malicious design changes and the insertion of hardware Trojans/malware. In this talk I will cover two distinct techniques to address the problem of detecting hardware Trojans. The first uses SAT and BDD-based functional analysis to reverse engineer ICs. The goal here is to derive the higher-level function of IC through algorithmic analysis of its netlist to help expose the Trojan logic. The second uses statistical analysis of chip simulation data in a clustering algorithm to isolate the Trojan logic. I will discuss these techniques, their practical application on benchmark circuits and their complementary strengths. This is joint work with Burcin Cakir and Pramod Subramanyan.
High-Resolution, Genome-Wide Mapping of Chromatin Modifications by GMAT

One major postgenomic challenge is to characterize the epigenomes that control genome functions. The epigenomes are mainly defined by the specific association of nonhistone proteins with chromatin and the covalent modifications of chromatin, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications. The in vivo protein-binding and chromatin-modification patterns can be revealed by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). By combining the ChIP assays and the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) protocols, we have developed an unbiased and high-resolution genome-wide mapping technique (GMAT) to determine the genome-wide protein-targeting and chromatin-modification patterns. GMAT has been successfully applied to mapping the target sites of the histone acetyltransferase, Gcn5p, in yeast and to the discovery of the histone acetylation islands as an epigenetic mark for functional regulatory elements in the human genome.
Detection of Salmonella Serotypes by Overnight Incubation of Entire Broiler Carcass

There are multiple ways to sample broiler chicken carcasses for the prevalence of Salmonella. A common method in the USA is a whole carcass rinse and culture of an aliquot of the rinse. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of the rinse aliquot method to overnight enrichment of the entire carcass in the rinse liquid. Fourteen replicate samplings of eight carcasses each were done at two commercial broiler processing plants. Carcasses were subjected to a whole carcass rinse in buffered peptone from which 30 mL was removed and added to 30 mL fresh buffered peptone (rinse aliquot sample). The aliquot sample and the carcass, in the remaining buffered peptone, were incubated overnight prior to standard selective enrichment and plating for Salmonella detection. Salmonella was detected in 15% of rinse aliquot samples and 59% of whole carcass enrichment samples. When detected by both methods, for the most part, the same serotypes were found on individual carcasses. Whole carcass enrichment was shown to be more sensitive than rinse aliquot method, and likely detects Salmonellae even when tightly bound to the carcass or present in very low numbers. As such, whole carcass enrichment is a useful research tool to determine Salmonella prevalence. Practical Applications Whole broiler carcass enrichment is a more sensitive method for detection of Salmonella than whole carcass rinse and aliquot incubation. Logistical requirements, however, make it impractical for routine or large scale investigations. Whole carcass enrichment has utility for research purposes to determine relative sensitivity of other methods or for testing of broiler processing microbial interventions.
Glutamine isomers of oxytocin and deamino-oxytocin: synthesis and pharmacological properties of [4-N4-methyl-L-asparagine]-oxytocin and [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 4-N4-methyl-L-asparagine]-oxytocin.

Analogues of oxytocin and deamino-oxytocin ([1-β9-mercaptopropionic acid]-oxytocin) with an N4-methyl-L-asparagine residue in place of the glutamine residue in position 4 have been prepared and tested for their biological activities. [4-N4-Methyl-L-asparagine]-oxytocin was found to possess 119 ± 5 units/mg of avian vasodepressor activity, 41 ± 2 units/ mg of rat oxytocic activity, less than 0.5 unit/mg of rat pressor activity, and approximately 0.045 unit/mg of rat antidiuretic activity. The hydro-osmotic activity of the analogue was 2.23 ± 0.40% of that of crystalline deamino-oxytocin upon assay in the toad bladder system. The corresponding activity values for [1-β-mercaptopropionic acid,4-N4-methyl-L-asparagine]-oxytocin were 186 ± 4 units/mg, 59 ± 2 units/mg, less than 0.4 unit/mg, approximately 0.012 unit/mg, and 1.17 ± 0.11%, respectively. Most significantly, the replacement of the N-terminal amino group in [4-N4-methyl-L-asparagine]-oxytocin by hydrogen elicited not only a quantitative but even a qualitative alteration in the hydroosmotic activity.
Fixed Point Results and Their Applications in Right Multivariate Fractional Calculus

A fixed point theorem is given under general conditions on the operators involved in a Banach space setting. The results find applications in left multivariate fractional calculus. It follows G. Anastassiou, I. Argyros, A fixed point convergence theorem with applications in left multivariate fractional calculus (submitted for publication, 2015) [8].
Comparing Demographic Factors, Background Characteristics, and Workplace Perceptions as Predictors of Burnout Among Community Corrections Officers:

The purpose of this article was to explore the association between demographic and background characteristics, as well as workplace perceptions that may predict burnout among two connected groups o...
Plasma electrode pockels cell for the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), now under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, will be the largest laser fusion facility ever built. The NIF laser architecture is based on a multi-pass power amplifier to reduce cost and maximize performance. A key component in this laser design is an optical switch that closes to trap the optical pulse in the cavity for four gain passes and then opens to divert the optical pulse out of the amplifier cavity. The switch is comprised of a Pockels cell and a polarizer and is unique because it handles a beam that is 40 cm x 40 cm square and allows close horizontal and vertical beam spacing. Conventional Pockels cells do not scale to such large apertures or the square shape required for close packing. Our switch is based on a Plasma-Electrode Pockels Cell (PEPC). In a PEPC, low-pressure helium discharges (l-2 kA) are formed on both sides of a thin slab of electro-optic material. Typically, we use KH2P04 crystals (KDP). The discharges form highly conductive, transparent sheets that allow uniform application of a high-voltage pulse (17 kV) across the crystal. A 37 cm x 37 cm PEPC has been in routine operation for two years on the 6 W Beamlet laser at LLNL. For the NIF, a module four apertures high by one wide (4x1) is required. However, this 4x1 mechanical module will be comprised electrically of a pair of 2x1 sub-modules. Last year (FY 97), we demonstrated full operation of a prototype 2x I PEPC. In this PEPC, the plasma spans two KDP crystals. A major advance in the 2x1 PEPC ovel the Beamlet PEPC is the use of anodized aluminum construction that still provides sufficient insulation to allow formation of the planar plasmas. In this paper, we discuss full 4x1 NIF prototypes.
Climate and marriage in the Netherlands, 1871–1937

Environmental factors such as climate variability can place significant constraints on demographic behavior in a range of settings. However, few studies investigate the relationships between demography and climate in historical contexts. Using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate and economic data from 1871 to 1937, we examine the effects of climate variability on marriage. This analysis reveals that marriage increases with negative environmental conditions such as cold temperatures, riverine flooding, and high rye prices. These findings are not consistent with a Malthusian narrative of marriage behavior or with the expectation that environmental constraints were stronger in the historical past.
Replacing Nothing with Something Special: Contextuality-by-Default and Dummy Measurements

The object of contextuality analysis is a set of random variables each of which is uniquely labeled by a content and a context. In the measurement terminology, the content is that which the random variable measures, whereas the context describes the conditions under which this content is measured (in particular, the set of other contents being measured “together” with this one). Such a set of random variables is deemed noncontextual or contextual depending on whether the distributions of the context-sharing random variables are or are not compatible with certain distributions imposed on the content-sharing random variables. In the traditional approaches, contextuality is either restricted to only consistently connected systems (those in which any two content-sharing random variables have the same distribution) or else all inconsistently connected systems (those not having this property) which are considered contextual. In the Contextuality-by-Default theory, an inconsistently connected system may or may not be contextual. There are several arguments for this understanding of contextuality, and this note adds one more. It is related to the fact that generally not each content is measured in each context, so there are “empty” content-context pairs. It is convenient to treat each of these empty pairs as containing a dummy random variable, one that does not change the degree of contextuality in a system. These dummy random variables are deterministic ones, attaining a single value with probability 1. The replacement of absent random variables with deterministic ones, however, can only be made if one allows for inconsistently connected systems.
FREDHOLM METHOD. I. A NUMERICAL PROCEDURE FOR ELASTIC SCATTERING.

The Fredholm expansion of the determinant whose phase gives the elastic-scattering phase shift is "summed" by use of numerical quadrature, reducing the calculation of the phase shift to evaluation of a single finite-dimensional determinant. The method is essentially exact and is applicable, without modification, to nonlocal potentials. Results for the low-energy static and static-exchange scattering of electrons from hydrogen atoms are presented as a simple illustration of the method.
Drug delivery to melanoma brain metastases: Can current challenges lead to new opportunities?

Melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize to the brain, and patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) have an extremely poor prognosis. The recent approval of several molecularly-targeted agents (e.g., BRAF, MEK inhibitors) and biologics (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies) has brought new hope to patients suffering from this formerly untreatable and lethal disease. Importantly, there have been recent reports of success in some clinical studies examining the efficacy of both targeted agents and immunotherapies that show similar response rates in both brain metastases and extracranial disease. While these studies are encouraging, there remains significant room for improvement in the treatment of MBM, given the lack of durable response and the development of resistance to current therapies. Critical questions remain regarding mechanisms that lead to this lack of durable response and development of resistance, and how those mechanisms may differ in systemic sites versus brain metastases. One issue that may not be fully appreciated is that the delivery of several small molecule molecularly-targeted therapies to the brain is often restricted due to active efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface. Inadequate local drug concentrations may be partially responsible for the development of unique patterns of resistance at metastatic sites in the brain. It is clear that there can be local, heterogeneous BBB breakdown in MBM, as exemplified by contrast-enhancement on T1-weighted MR imaging. However, it is possible that the successful treatment of MBM with small molecule targeted therapies will depend, in part, on the ability of these therapies to penetrate an intact BBB and reach the protected micro-metastases (so called “sub-clinical” disease) that escape early detection by contrast-enhanced MRI, as well as regions of tumor within MRI-detectable metastases that may have a less compromised BBB. The emergence of resistance in MBM may be related to several diverse, yet interrelated, factors including the distinct microenvironment of the brain and inadequate brain penetration of targeted therapies to specific regions of tumor. The tumor microenvironment has been ascribed to play a key role in steering the course of disease progression, by dictating changes in expression of tumor drivers and resistance-related signaling mechanisms. Therefore, a key issue to consider is how changes in drug delivery, and hence local drug concentrations within a metastatic microenvironment, will influence the development of resistance. Herein we discuss our perspective on several critical questions that focus on many aspects relevant to the treatment of melanoma brain metastases; the answers to which may lead to important advances in the treatment of this devastating disease.
Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety and depression: A review.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a modern form of cognitive behavioral therapy based on a distinct philosophy and basic science of cognition. This article reviews the core features of ACT's theoretic model of psychopathology and treatment and its therapeutic approach. It provides a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ACT for depression and anxiety disorders. Summarizing 36 RCTs, ACT appears to be more efficacious than waitlist conditions and treatment-as-usual, with largely equivalent effects relative to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence indicates that ACT treatment outcomes are mediated through increases in psychological flexibility, its theorized process of change.
Dear Solitary Black Student

A teacher apologizes for ways she might have harmed a student in teaching about racism and sets herself guidelines for doing better.
Hepatitis C virus testing for case identification in persons born during 1945-1965: Results from three randomized controlled trials.

CDC and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend one-time hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing for persons born during 1945-1965 (birth cohort). However, few studies estimate the effect of birth cohort (BC) testing implementation on HCV diagnoses in primary care settings. We aimed to determine the probability of identifying HCV infections in primary care using targeted BC testing compared with usual care at three academic medical centers. From December 2012 to March 2014, each center compared one of three distinct interventions to usual care using an independently-designed randomized controlled trial. Across centers, BC patients with no clinical documentation of previous HCV testing or diagnosis were randomly assigned to receive a one-time offering of HCV antibody (anti-HCV) testing via one of three independent implementation strategies (repeated-mailing outreach, EMR-integrated provider best practice alert [BPA], and direct patient-solicitation) or assigned to receive usual care. We estimated model-adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of anti-HCV positive (anti-HCV+) identification using BC testing versus usual care. In the repeated-mailing trial, 8,992 patients (intervention=2,993; control=5,999) were included in the analysis. The intervention was eight times as likely to identify anti-HCV+ patients compared with control (aRR 8.0, 95%CI 2.8-23.0; adjusted probabilities: intervention=0.27%; control=0.03%). In the BPA trial, data from 14,475 patients (BC=8,928; control=5,547) were analyzed. The intervention was 2.6 times as likely to identify anti-HCV+ patients versus control (aRR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1-6.4; adjusted probabilities: intervention=0.29%; control=0.11%). In the patient-solicitation trial, 8,873 patients (BC=4,307; control=4,566) were analyzed. The intervention was five times as likely to identify anti-HCV+ patients compared with control (aRR 5.3, 95%CI 2.3-12.3; adjusted probabilities: intervention=0.68%; control=0.11%). Conclusion: BC testing was effective in identifying previously undiagnosed HCV infections in primary care settings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Local injection therapy of damage of paraarticular tissue

Aim To evaluate the potential of local injection therapy with Alflutop in management of paraarticular tissue lesions (PTL). Material and methods 44 patients with various localization of PTL were examined and exposed to treatment. Results As a result of local therapy with Alflutop, the majority of patients with PTL experienced a decrease in pain syndrome and an increase in the functional capabilities. There was no negative dynamic of symptoms. Conclusion Treatment with Alflutop was well tolerated by patients, easily applied, had a small number of side effects and was accompanied by a pronounced clinical effect.
Dissecting stock price momentum using financial statement analysis

The literature on stock price momentum documents that past price performance predicts future price performance (over the next 3–12 months). We argue that past price performance can be driven either by fundamentals or by non‐fundamental reasons and financial statement analysis (FSA) can help distinguish between these drivers of past returns. We find that price momentum reverses where fundamentals are inconsistent with past price performance, allowing us to develop an investment strategy that outperforms a pure momentum strategy over 80 percent of the time. Overall, we document robust evidence on the usefulness of FSA for enhancing momentum strategies.
Instability and Bifurcation

The existence or nonexistence of disturbances whose energy increases initially is determined by a criterion involving the first critical value v ℰ . When v > v ℰ there is one stable and unique basic flow to which all other flows tend.
Global Leadership: Competitiveness, Tolerance, and Creativity--A Canadian Provincial Example.

Certain global leadership forces – competitiveness, tolerance, and creativity – are so pervasive they can be illustrated on the part of any country. However, nations also have unique dynamics to co...
Chemical Investigations of a Deep Water Marine-Derived Fungus: Simple Amino Acid Derivatives from an Arthrinium sp

The saltwater culture of an Arthrinium sp. derived from a marine sediment collected at −550 meters was a source of tyrosol (1) and a new compound, tyrosol carbamate (2). This is only the third repo...
Author Correction: A dissipatively stabilized Mott insulator of photons.

Change history: In this Article, two additional references (now added as refs 12 and 14) should have been cited at the end of the sentence “Recently, photonic systems have emerged as a platform of interest for the exploration of synthetic quantum matter.”. This has been corrected online.
How to Close Coverage 10x Faster using Portable Stimulus Standard - A Case Study

One of the most daunting challenges of verifying an IP or an SoC is to close coverage. It is relatively easy to get to 95% coverage by random stimulus and directed testing. But the difficulty of covering the last few percentages increases exponentially. We tried to address this problem through graph-based approach using Portable Stimulus Standard tools. In this paper we present our experience with Questa inFact from Mentor. Using inFact we were able to see a faster turn around on closing coverage; we also realized some coverage properties are better suited than others for this graph-based approach
Research on Integrated Energy Regional Trading Strategy Based on Cooperative Game

The realization of multi-energy complementarity in the integrated energy region is the main trend of energy development. In this paper, we refer to the area containing integrated energy equipment and load as We-Energy. In the case of multi-energy coupling, energy trading only for electricity is no longer applicable. Therefore, the study of integrated energy transaction has theoretical significance and certain practicality. We establish operating cost model of We-Energy and the energy storage satisfaction is designed to model the reasonable behavior of the energy storage. Then the cooperative game is used to solve the trading problem and the Shapley value is also used to solve the cost sharing problem. At the end, the effectiveness of the cooperative game about We-Energy and the energy storage satisfaction are illustrated by simulation results.
The olfactomedin‐4 positive neutrophil has a role in murine intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) identifies a subset of neutrophils conserved in both mouse and man, associated with worse outcomes in several inflammatory conditions. We investigated the role of OLFM4-positive neutrophils in murine intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 and OLFM4 null mice were subjected to intestinal IR injury and then monitored for survival or tissues harvested for further analyses. In vivo intestinal barrier function was determined via functional assay of permeability to FITC-dextran. OLFM4 null mice had a significant 7-d survival benefit and less intestinal barrier dysfunction compared with WT. Early after IR, WT mice had worse mucosal damage on histologic examination. Experiments involving adoptive transfer of bone marrow demonstrated that the mortality phenotype associated with OLFM4-positive neutrophils was transferrable to OLFM4 null mice. After IR injury, WT mice also had increased intestinal tissue activation of NFκB and expression of iNOS, 2 signaling pathways previously demonstrated to be involved in intestinal IR injury. In combination, these experiments show that OLFM4-positive neutrophils are centrally involved in the pathologic pathway leading to intestinal damage and mortality after IR injury. This may provide a therapeutic target for mitigation of intestinal IR injury in a variety of common clinical situations.-Levinsky, N. C., Mallela, J., Opoka, A., Harmon, K., Lewis, H. V., Zingarelli, B., Wong, H. R., Alder, M. N. The olfactomedin-4 positive neutrophil has a role in murine intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Fixed Intentions: Wills, Living Wills, and End-of-Life Decision Making

Contemporary trusts and estates law is built on the premise that individuals can and should have fixed intentions with respect to the disposition of their property at death. These intentions can and should be fixed in a written document, and that document can and should be fixed against other outside evidence of intention. Experience with end-of-life health care decision making gives reason to question these premises. In the health care context, intentions have proven to be fluid, and the documents purporting to record individuals’ wishes have often proved unreliable. This paper examines the implications for wills of the literature on end-of-life health care decision making. Advance health care directives and property wills are alike pre-commitments, attempts in the present to bind the future, but studies in the end-of-life health care decision making context show there are serious issues with this process. Individuals simply do not care to decide about post-competency treatment, those who do make such decisions often change their minds, and cognitive biases operate to limit individuals’ ability to predict accurately in the present what they will want in the future. Many of these issues arise also in the context of end-of-life property decision making and unsettle many of wills law’s fundamental premises about intention. The final part of the paper suggests avenues for further empirical study and explores the practical significance of this potential research for estates law, particularly the potential to displace the vision of the estates attorney as a passive scrivener who simply asks what the client wants and writes it down. It may be that the wishes expressed in a will may be formed in response to, and shaped by, the attorney’s questions rather than being brought out by those questions. The paper concludes by asking whether there might be a way to honor fluid intentions in the property context that does not destroy the utility of testamentary documents as a safe harbor.
Cardozo's Use of Authority: An Empirical Study

This statistical analysis of use of citation by Justice Benjamin Cardozo, 1870-1938, shows that Cardozo cited far more authority in his opinions than did his colleagues on the New York Court of Appeals. In particular, he cited to far more U.S. Supreme Court cases, British decisions, legal treatises and law review articles. On the Supreme Court, Cardozo's citation practices resembled those of the other justices with major reputations, Brandeis, Stone and Hughes, more than those of the remainder of the Court. Cardozo's heavy use of authority reflects his intellect, scholarly background and characteristic method of deciding cases. He wrote opinions which were no longer than average. But Cardozo covered more issues, addressed more legal implications, and included frequent historical references. The result was an above-average number of citations. Cardozo's far heavier use of authority than the other New York judges and Supreme Court justices of * Executive Law Librarian and Adjunct Professor of Law, St. John's University School of Law, Jamaica, New York. The author is responsible for the accuracy of the data contained herein. 1 Manz: Cardozo's Use of Authority: An Empirical Study Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 1995 CALIFORNIA WESTERN LAW REVIEW [Vol. 32 lesser renown lends support for the theory that the greatest judges are heavy citers.
PURINE SALVAGE ENZYMES IN TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS : 133

Trichomonas vaginalis, a pathogenic protozoa, is incapable of de novo purine synthesis and is thus dependent on preformed purines. Unlike other protozoa, T. uaginalis is devoid of purine phosphoribosyltransfer activity but has both purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and purine nucleoside kinase activity. These enzymes comprise a potential route for the salvage of purines in this organism. Both enzymes have been purified and characterized. The purified PNP (mol. wt. 95,000) catalyzed the synthesis and cleavage of guanosine, adenosine and inosine at maximal velocities (μmol/min/mg) of 590:360:240 and 81:16:390 respectively. Km values ranged from 17-54 μM for these purine nucleosides and 21-25 μM for the purine bases. Initial velocity studies in both the synthetic and cleavage direction indicate a sequential mechanism for this enzyme. As a result of the extreme lability of the nucleoside kinase, only a limited purification was possible. The purified enzyme (mol. wt. 16,000) had a specific activity of 34 nmol of GMP formed/min/mg. It was free of interfering activities and catalyzed the phosphorylation (Km μM/Rel. Vmax) of guanosine (1/100), adenosine (200/111) and inosine (20/67). This enzyme appears to be the only purine ribonucleoside kinase activity in extracts of this organism. The finding that both of these enzymes catalyze reactions involving the common purine nucleosides, guanosine and adenosine, suggests that they may act as a coordinated set of enzyme activities to salvage purines and purine ribonucleosides.
Outpatient Exam Room Presentations in Resident Continuity Clinics: a Qualitative Report.

Outpatient exam room presentations (OERPs) in resident continuity clinics could address several current challenges in graduate medical education including increasing patient satisfaction, enhancing patient-centered care, and operationalizing competency-based education through direct observation. The authors’ aim of this study was to explore the positive and negative aspects of OERPs as a precepting model in resident continuity clinics and to develop a list of best practices for medical educators to utilize when conducting OERPs. The authors defined an OERP as a case presentation and subsequent discussion taking place inside the exam room with the attending physician, resident physician, and patient present. Following a 1-month pilot period of conducting OERPs in internal medicine resident continuity clinics, the authors conducted individual phone interviews and focus groups with internal medicine attendings and residents, respectively. The authors analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis and the constant comparative method. Sixteen attendings participated in individual phone interviews and four resident focus groups averaged five participants per group. Four main topics emerged: (1) effect of OERPs on patient care, (2) effect of OERPs on medical education, (3) barriers to OERPs, and (4) OERP best practices. Participants noted both positive and negative effects of OERPs on patient care and medical education. Best practices suggested to maximize these benefits and minimize drawbacks included targeting OERPs to certain types of clinical encounters and employing strategies to preserve the resident physician-patient relationship and resident autonomy.
Exploring Beliefs and Preferences for Reducing Sedentary Behavior Among Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis or Knee Replacement.

OBJECTIVE Physical activity has numerous benefits for those with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or knee replacement, yet many individuals engage in insufficient activity. The purpose of this study was to explore beliefs about sedentary behavior, barriers to standing, and program preferences for adults with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement. METHODS Forty-two individuals ≥50 years with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement completed an online survey assessing current knee pain and function, sitting time, physical activity participation, beliefs about sedentary behavior, and preferences for a sedentary reduction program. RESULTS Participants indicated barriers to standing were pain, discomfort, or working on a computer. Most participants shared interest to participate in a program to reduce sitting time. Participants chose education, self-monitoring, and activity tracking as most preferable components for an intervention design. CONCLUSION Future interventions to reduce sedentary time may utilize these results to tailor programs for those with symptomatic KOA or knee replacement.
Inch by Inch Gender Equity Since the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was influential in leveling the playing field for women. More than the actual protections afforded by the act itself, it triggered subsequent laws that collectively have lessened the pay gap, provided protections from harassment, and increased opportunities for women to participate in education, sports, and workplace opportunities that were previously reserved for men. However, the pace at which these changes have occurred has extended over generations, and the goal of parity has yet to be reached. This article traces legislation that has helped women advance in the workplace and concludes by arguing for the expansion of how gender is conceptualized. Rather than the dichotomous male/female view, gender equity should embrace fairness for all, wherever they fall on the continuum from masculine to feminine.
Feasibility of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis for Electricity Generation at Low Temperatures

A membrane-based technique for production of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is salinity gradient energy. This sustainable energy is formed by combining salt and fresh waters. The membrane of the PRO process has a significant effect on controlling the salinity gradient energy or osmotic energy generation. Membrane fouling and operating conditions such as temperature have an extreme influence on the efficiency of the PRO processes because of their roles in salt and water transportation through the PRO membranes. In this study, the temperature impact on the power density and the fouling of two industrial semi-permeable membranes in the PRO system was investigated using river and synthetic sea water. Based on the findings, the power densities were 17.1 and 14.2 W/m2 at 5 °C for flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes, respectively. This is the first time that research indicates that power density at low temperature is feasible for generating electricity using PRO processes. These results can be promising for regions with high PRO potential that experience low temperatures most of the year.
Use of Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing for Patients With Unexplained Dyspnea Post-Coronavirus Disease.

Abstract Objectives The authors used cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to define unexplained dyspnea in patients with post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC). We assessed participants for criteria to diagnose myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Background Approximately 20% of patients who recover from coronavirus disease (COVID) remain symptomatic. This syndrome is named PASC. Its etiology is unclear. Dyspnea is a frequent symptom. Methods The authors performed CPET and symptom assessment for ME/CFS in 41 patients with PASC 8.9 ± 3.3 months after COVID. All patients had normal pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray, and chest computed tomography scans. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), slope of minute ventilation to CO2 production (VE/VCO2 slope), and end tidal pressure of CO2 (PetCO2) were measured. Ventilatory patterns were reviewed with dysfunctional breathing defined as rapid erratic breathing. Results Eighteen men and 23 women (average age: 45 ± 13 years) were studied. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 59% ± 9%. Peak VO2 averaged 20.3 ± 7 mL/kg/min (77% ± 21% predicted VO2). VE/VCO2 slope was 30 ± 7. PetCO2 at rest was 33.5 ± 4.5 mm Hg. Twenty-four patients (58.5%) had a peak VO2 55 (n = 3) or dysfunctional breathing (n = 12). For the whole cohort, 88% of patients (n = 36) had ventilatory abnormalities with dysfunctional breathing (n = 26), increased VE/VCO2 (n = 17), and/or hypocapnia PetCO2 Conclusions Circulatory impairment, abnormal ventilatory pattern, and ME/CFS are common in patients with PASC. The dysfunctional breathing, resting hypocapnia, and ME/CFS may contribute to symptoms. CPET is a valuable tool to assess these patients.
How Microsoft Competes

OVERVIEW:Today Microsoft owns the operating systems and basic applications programs that run on 170 million computers. Beyond the genius of co-founder/CEO Bill Gates, what accounts for the company's dramatic success? From two years of on-site observation and interviewing at Microsoft headquarters, the authors identify seven complementary strategies that characterize how Microsoft competes and operates: Find smart people who know the technology and the business; organize small teams of overlapping functional specialists; pioneer and orchestrate evolving mass markets; focus creativity by evolving features and “fixing” resources; do evetything in parallel, with frequent synchronizations; improve through continuous self-critiquing, feedback and sharing; attack the future! Moreover, Microsoft's “synch-and-stabilize” approach to product development enables the company not only to build an increasing variety of complex features and end-products for fast-paced markets with short life cycles, but also to shape evo...
Classification and Indexing Approaches for Identification

As shown in Figure 1.6(a), in an identification system, the input is a query fingerprint, the system tries to answer the question: are there any fingerprints in the database, which resemble the query fingerprint? In this chapter, we are dealing with the identification problem. We present a comparison of two key approaches for fingerprint identification. These approaches are based on: 1) Classification followed by verification; 2) Indexing followed by verification.
ChiralSU4×SU4 breaking, axial vector current divergences and kaon PCAC

The chiralSU4×SU4 symmetry breaking of the Hamiltonian is investigated by assuming the symmetry-breaking part of the Hamiltonian belongs to a single\((4,\bar 4) + (\bar 4,4)\) representation ofSU4×SU4. We classify the simplest possibilities, identify each with critical orbits in the space of the\((4,\bar 4) + (\bar 4,4)\) representation and indicate their relations to quark masses. The divergences of the axial vector currents are discussed and their matrix elements are used to obtain relations among masses and coupling constants involving the recently discovered charmed pseudoscalar mesons. Finally, it is pointed out that soft-kaon theorems can be obtained for certain processes involving charmed particles by using kaon PCAC due to the relative smallness of the kaon mass. In this case the symmetry breaking is approximately on the critical orbit corresponding to the subgroupSU3×SU3×U1d.
Two-dimensional photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Mach-Zehnder interferometers were fabricated from suspended membrane photonic crystal waveguides. Transmission spectra were measured and device operation was shown to be in agreement with theoretical predictions.