cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 111In-DTPA-Folate as a Receptor-Targeted Diagnostic Agent for Ovarian Cancer: Initial Clinical Results

The cell-membrane folate receptor is a potential molecular target for tumor-selective drug delivery, including radiolabeled folate-chelate conjugates for diagnostic imaging. We report here the initial clinical study of such an agent, 111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-folate, evaluated for diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. Methods: Thirty-five women were enrolled in a phase I/II clinical study, with 33 completing the surgical follow-up required by the study protocol for definition of disease status. Patients either had a pathologically proven malignancy or were scheduled for surgery for suspected new ovarian cancer (n = 26), recurrent ovarian cancer (n = 5), or endometrial cancer (n = 2). 111In-DTPA-folate was administered as an intravenous bolus, and whole-body images were obtained at 30 min, 4 h, and (for the first 19 patients) 24 h after injection; SPECT also was done at the delayed imaging times. For 19 of the patients, unlabeled free folic acid was injected before administration of 111In-DTPA-folate to also assess the impact of folate loading on tracer biodistribution. Masked and unmasked readings of the images by 2 nuclear medicine physicians were compared with the pathologic findings after surgery. Results: Among 33 patients who had surgical intervention, 14 had new or recurrent malignant tumors. All of 7 newly diagnosed ovarian carcinomas were identified by both masked readers (sensitivity, 100%). The sensitivity for detection of 7 recurrent malignancies was 38% for masked readings and 85% for unmasked readings, indicating that correlation with anatomic imaging studies (CT) was highly important in diagnosis of these lesions. Eighteen of the studied patients were found to have benign masses; for this limited population, the specificity of 111In-DTPA-folate scintigraphy was 76% and 82% for the masked and unmasked analyses, respectively. Conclusion:111In-DTPA-folate is safe, and possibly effective, for scintigraphy differentiating between malignant and benign ovarian masses.
MODIFICATIONS OF CELL FATE SPECIFICATION IN EQUAL-CLEAVING NEMERTEAN EMBRYOS : ALTERNATE PATTERNS OF SPIRALIAN DEVELOPMENT

The nemerteans belong to a phylum of coelomate worms that display a highly conserved pattern of cell divisions referred to as spiral cleavage. It has recently been shown that the fates of the four embryonic cell quadrants in two species of nemerteans are not homologous to those in other spiralian embryos, such as the annelids and molluscs (Henry, J. Q. and Martindale, M. Q. (1994a) Develop. Genetics 15, 64-78). Equal-cleaving molluscs utilize inductive interactions to establish quadrant-specific cell fates and embryonic symmetry properties following fifth cleavage. In order to elucidate the manner in which cell fates are established in nemertean embryos, we have conducted cell isolation and deletion experiments to examine the developmental potential of the early cleavage blastomeres of two equal-cleaving nemerteans, Nemertopsis bivittata and Cerebratulus lacteus. These two species display different modes of development: N. bivittata develops directly via a non-feeding larvae, while C. lacteus develops to form a feeding pilidium larva which undergoes a radical metamorphosis to give rise to the juvenile worm. By examining the development of certain structures and cell types characteristic of quadrant-specific fates for each of these species, we have shown that isolated blastomeres of the indirect-developing nemertean, C. lacteus, are capable of generating cell fates that are not a consequence of that cell's normal developmental program. For instance, dorsal blastomeres can form muscle fibers when cultured in isolation. In contrast, isolated blastomeres of the direct-developing species, N. bivittata do not regulate their development to the same extent. Some cell fates are specified in a precocious manner in this species, such as those that give rise to the eyes. Thus, these findings indicate that equal-cleaving spiralian embryos can utilize different mechanisms of cell fate and axis specification. The implications of these patterns of nemertean development are discussed in relation to experimental work in other spiralian embryos, and a model is presented that accounts for possible evolutionary changes in cell lineage and the process of cell fate specification amongst these protostome phyla.
Mechanisms of Cell and Tissue Invasion by Rhizobium Leguminosarum: The Role of Cell Surface Interactions

Rhizobium invades host cells and tissues as a result of a reorganisation of plant cell wall growth. This leads to the development of an intracellular tunnel, the infection thread, that traverses the host plant cell from one side to the other and provides a channel for the entry of rhizobial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix material secreted by the plant. Some of the components involved in cell surface interactions can be individually identified using monoclonal antibodies as molecular probes. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cell and tissue invasion was investigated by examining pea nodules induced by mutants of R. leguminosarum with defects in LPS structure and biosynthesis. We conclude that the correct LPS structure is essential for “invasiveness” of plant cells and tissues; for avoidance of host defence responses; and for physiological adaptation to the endophytic microenvironment. Differentiation of released bacteria into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids is associated with further changes in cell surface composition, as revealed by in situ analysis of LPS epitope variation using monoclonal antibodies: these changes in epitope expression reflect variations in physiological and developmental status for bacteroids in different regions of the same pea nodule. Bacteroid differentiation is preceded by differentiation of the plant-derived peribacteroid membrane (pbm) which encloses the symbiosome compartment. Using a monoclonal antibody that identifies a group of plant membrane-associated inositol-containing glycolipids, we have identified a very early marker for the differentiation of pbm from plasma membrane.
Immune Responses to Mouse Neuroblastoma C1300. I. Preliminary Observations on Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

In vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) for [3H]proline-labeled target cells was demonstrated with the use of unfractionated populations of regional lymph node, spleen, and peritoneal cells (RLNC's, SPC's, PC's, respectively) from C57BL/6 and strain A mice. Syngeneic and allogeneic hosts were immunized sc or ip with C1300 tumor or syngeneic SPC's. The syngeneic and allogeneic host effector lymphoid cells showed various degrees of cytotoxicity for C1300 target cells 3-9 days after one immunization with C1300, whereas the effector lymphoid cells of hosts immunized with syngeneic SPC's generally showed less CMC for C1300 and frequently increased the growth of C1300 target cells when compared to C1300 targets plus media controls. Effector cells obtained from lymphoid organs in the region nearest the immunization (i.e., RLNC from sc-inoculated hosts) demonstrated significantly more CMC than did effector cells from more remote lymphoid organs. The PC's and SPC's of C1300 ip hyperimmunized allogeneic hosts produced greater CMC than did those of mice immunized once. This was not observed if syngeneic C1300 or SPC's were used as hyperimmunizing antigens. The CMC of nonimmunized host effector lymphoid cells for syngeneic labeled target cells was demonstrated.
A note on imitative behavior

In a preceding paper (Bull. Math. Biophysics,27, 175–185) the distribution function ofφ=ɛ 1-ɛ 2,—the difference of excitations in the two mutually inhibiting centers, has been derived in terms of the distribution functionsf 1(ɛ 1) andf 2(ɛ 2) of the two excitations. In the present note some properties of the distribution functionf(ϕ) in terms of the propertiesf 1(ɛ 1) andf 2(ɛ 2) are derived.
Growth and Reproduction of Hispid Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Response to Naturally Occurring Levels of Dietary Protein

Hispid cotton rats ( Sigmodon hispidus ) ingest both monocotyledon (monocot) and dicotyledon (dicot) plants, ostensibly to balance intake of nutrients. On the Texas coastal prairie, monocots are more abundant, require less handling time, and have more fiber and soluble carbohydrates than dicots, which contain more protein, lipid, water, energy, and minerals. Because availability of protein may be limiting here, cotton rats were raised on artificial diets that mimicked protein content of either monocots (4%) or dicots (11%). Body mass, growth rate, and length of hind foot were lower and liver mass was higher in individuals fed a monocot-protein diet. Tissue protein, but not lipid, content was higher in individuals fed a dicot-protein diet. First estrus occurred at the same body mass on both diets, but slower growth on a monocot-protein diet resulted in females being 50% older at first estrus. Cotton rats must ingest dicots to obtain sufficient protein for growth and reproduction because monocots are not a complete food source.
An Area Control Program for the Pear Psylla

This work was directed toward determining the value of synchronous spraying of all pear trees within a large area with Perthane®, (a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis ( p -ethylphenyl) ethane (95%) and related reaction products (5%), during the late dormant period after overwintered pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, adults had emerged from hibernation. Thirty-five plots involving about 14,000 acres were treated with aerial and ground sprays. Both were very effective in killing the adults. However, with aerial sprays poorer control was obtained along orchard borders, under power lines, and in other hard-to-spray areas. The treatment improved the seasonal control of pear psylla, and growers indicated a saving of 1-2 summer sprays.
Single-molecule phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based optoelectronic switch functioning as a quantum-interference-effect transistor.

This work proposes a new type of optoelectronic switch, the phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based single-molecule transistor, which utilizes photon-assisted tunneling and destructive quantum interference. The analysis uses single-particle Green's functions along with Floquet theory. Without the optical field, phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle exhibits a wide range of strong antiresonance between its frontier orbitals. The simulations show large on--off ratios (over ${10}^{4}$) and measurable currents ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{A}$) enabled by photon-assisted tunneling in a weak optical field ($\ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm}$) and at a small source-drain voltage ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.05\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}$). Field amplitude power scaling laws and a range of field intensities are given for operating one- and two-photon assisted tunneling in phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based single-molecule transistors. This development opens up a new direction for creating molecular switches.
Fewest-Switches Surface Hopping and Decoherence in Multiple Dimensions

In a recent article (Subotnik, J. E.; Shenvi, N. J. Chem. Phys.2011, 134, 24105), we introduced a new approach for incorporating decoherence into the fewest-switches surface-hopping (FSSH) algorithm, titled augmented FSSH (A-FSSH). The A-FSSH algorithm was designed to correct the well-known overcoherence problem in traditional FSSH, and thus allow wave packets on different surfaces to separate naturally subject to different forces. As presented earlier, however, the A-FSSH algorithm was restricted to two electronic states. We now extend the method to more than two electronic states and present several new model problems with multiple electronic and nuclear dimensions. Lastly, starting with the quantum Liouville equation, we rederive and implement the new phase correction suggested by Shenvi (Shenvi, N.; Subotnik, J. E.; Yang, W. J. Chem. Phys.2011, 135, 24101) and co-workers for propagating the electronic amplitude along a specified nuclear trajectory and find much improved results in certain cases.
Application of Wireless Data Transmitting Technology in Flow Monitoring and Measurement System of Hongsipu Irrigation Area,Ningxia

Several flow data transmitting ways between flow acquisition device on site and computer of water flow monitoring and measurement center are discussed in this article.A set of economic and applicable flow data remote-transmitting scheme based on GSM short message telecom technology is elaborated,which is suitable for satisfying requirement of water flow monitoring and measurement system in Hongsipu irrigation area,Ningxia and the characteristic of local flow monitoring spot.It also depicted the problems met in implementation of this scheme and their resolving measures.Furthermore,a set of successful sample for data remote-transmitting and remote-management of water flow monitoring system for the irrigation and water supply project of remote countryside is provided.
Investigation on Contamination Characteristics of Hubei Jianghan Salt Chemical Industrial Park

Jianghan oil field has rich bittern resources which deposit in rather shallow layer,it has good mining condition and of high economical values.It is therefore acknowledged that construction of salt chemical industry base possesses unique opportunities and favorable conditions in Jianghan oil field.Construction of Hubei Jianghan Salt Chemical Industrial Park is one of the important policy with the aim to fulfill local's potential to great extent,extend industrial chain,develop unique regional economy and promote Jianghan oil field long-term prosperity and sustainability.The paper studies the industrial layout and industrial chain,investigates the characteristics of wastewater contaminants from salt chemical industry.Finally,pollution control measures have been recommended.
Is there a role for secondary thoracic ultrasound in patients with penetrating injuries to the anterior mediastinum

Pericardial tamponade (PT) after penetrating thoracic injury can be lethal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Most patients present with PT shortly after their injuries occur, but delayed presentation of PT (delayed pericardial tamponade [DPT]) has occurred as late as 73 days after initial injury. Initial evaluation of patients with an anterior mediastinal penetrating injury includes physical examination, chest x-ray, and echocardiography. CT scans of the chest can clarify the tracts of penetrating injuries in stable patients. With increased accessibility to these radiographic modalities, PT has been diagnosed in a more timely fashion, and the incidence of DPT has decreased. However, the absence of pericardial effusions on all of these studies at initial presentation does not clear the patient from risk for developing DPT.
‘Not in Timon’s Manner’: the Conclusion of Gulliver’s Travels

The conclusion of Gulliver’s Travels raises enough issues to deserve being treated separately from the rest of the fourth Voyage. A section that includes chapters xi, xii, and A Letter from Capt. Gulliver to his Cousin Sympson, the conclusion is a disturbingly unsettled narrative, filtering experience through Gulliver’s increasingly exacerbated vision. From the moment he becomes attached to the Houyhnhnms, there seems to be no possibility of Gulliver’s returning to a complacent, unknowing self. Yet his attachment to his memories gives Gulliver’s character a degree of moral and psychological ambiguity that is not evident earlier in the voyages. Gulliver is unable to reconcile himself to his wife, family, friends or country, but it is impossible to say with certainty whether his misanthropy is the outcome of idealism or wounded pride.1 The former quality is apparent in his eloquent attack on European imperialism, the latter in the histrionic exaggeration of his claims for the moral efficacy of his travels.
Friction of Rock at Earthquake Slip Rates

At seismic slip rates a variety of weakening processes may occur that do not operate at the slow slip rates at which most laboratory rock friction data are acquired. These weakening mechanisms may cause substantial reductions of the coefficient of friction from its typical experimental value of 0.6. These mechanisms include dynamic normal stress reduction or loss of contact due to normal interface vibrations, dynamic normal stress reduction from elastic or permeability mismatch, acoustic fluidization, elastohydrodynamic lubrication, thermal pressurization of pore fluids, local ‘flash’ weakening/melting at asperity contacts, interfacial lubrication by frictional melt, and interfacial lubrication by thixotropic silica gel. Although these mechanisms are understood to varying degrees, based on theoretical and/or experimental studies, much more remains to be understood about all of them. It is not known whether many of these potential weakening mechanisms operate during earthquakes, and some are more likely to be important than others, but it would be surprising if weakening due to one or more of them were not important. If so, the effective dynamic friction coefficient, the shear stress divided by the normal stress, may reach very low values, ranging from essentially 0 to 0.2 during coseismic slip. This would have many important implications for earthquake mechanics, including the magnitude of earthquake stress drops and a greater tendency for ruptures to propagate as self-healing slip pulses, as well as for the magnitude of strong ground motions and the magnitudes and orientations of stress in the crust.
Statin Therapy: Impact on Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients

Diabetes mellitus is associated with high rates of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. Rigorous randomized controlled trials have shown consistently beneficial effects with statin treatment in diabetic patients, reducing event rates. The beneficial effects are seen consistently regardless of pretreatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Further reduction of risk with statins may be achieved with more aggressive treatment targeting metrics of atherogenic burden such as apolipoprotein B or LDL particle concentration, more accurately quantifying atherogenic and atherosclerosis-related event risk.
Trajectory Specification for Terminal Air Traffic: Arrival Spacing

“Trajectory specification” is the explicit bounding and control of aircraft trajectories such that the position at each point in time is constrained to a precisely defined volume of space. The bounding space is defined by cross-track, along-track, and vertical tolerances relative to a reference trajectory that specifies position as a function of time. The tolerances are dynamic and are based on the aircraft navigation capabilities and the current traffic situation. A standard language will be developed to represent these specifications and to communicate them by datalink. Assuming conformance, trajectory specification can guarantee safe separation for an arbitrary period of time, even in the event of an air traffic control system or datalink failure; hence, it can help to achieve the high level of safety and reliability needed for air traffic control automation. As a more proactive form of air traffic control, it can also maximize airspace capacity and reduce the reliance on tactical backup systems during...
Measuring the variability of CAIDA internet traffic traces

In this paper, we studied the variability of 17 CAIDA Internet traffic traces which were collected in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The variability of these traces was measured by using the Index of Variability. Based on the results, we outlined several important observations. In particular, the Index of Variability has the ability to reveal significant differences between traffic traces. It is dynamic and its behavior depends on several factors, such as network protocol dynamics and link speeds. In addition, traffic source link speeds have a major impact on network traffic variability (burstiness). Also, results show that there is a significant reduction in the variability for the 2015 and 2016 traces.
Antimonide type-II superlattice barrier infrared detectors

We provide a brief overview of recent progress in III-V semiconductor infrared photodetectors resulting from advances in infrared detector materials, including type-II superlattices (T2SL) and InAsSb alloy, and the unipolar detector architecture. We summarize T2SL unipolar barrier infrared detector and focal plane array development at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in support of the Vital Infrared Sensor Technology Acceleration (VISTA) Program. We also comment on the connection of T2SL barrier infrared detector to MCT infrared detectors.
Gastrointestinal tolerance of low FODMAP oral nutrition supplements in healthy human subjects: a randomized controlled trial.

There has been increasing interest in utilizing a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disease. While studies have indicated that this diet can be effective at symptom reduction, it is a restrictive diet and patients may find it challenging to find low FODMAP products to meet their nutrient needs. The primary objective of this study was to assess the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of three low FODMAP oral nutrition supplements (ONS) in healthy adults. A double-blind randomized controlled crossover study was conducted in 21 healthy adults (19–32 years). Fasted subjects consumed one of four treatments at each visit, with a one week wash out period between visits. Each participant received all treatments. Treatments included three low FODMAP ONS formulas (A, B, and C) as well as a positive control consisting of 5 g fructooligosaccharides (FOS) mixed in lactose-free milk. Breath hydrogen was measured at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post treatment consumption. Subjective GI symptom questionnaires were completed at baseline, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h following treatment consumption. Mean breath hydrogen concentrations and baseline corrected area under the curve for both breath hydrogen and GI symptoms were analyzed and compared between treatments. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. The positive control resulted in higher breath hydrogen response compared to all three of the low FODMAP ONS beverages at 3 and 4 h after consumption. There were no differences in GI symptom response between treatments. All treatments were well tolerated in healthy participants. The low FODMAP formulas resulted in a lower breath hydrogen response compared to the positive control, and may be better tolerated in individuals with IBS. More research should be conducted to better understand the GI tolerance of low FODMAP ONS in individuals with IBS. The protocol for this study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2016 (Clinical Trials ID: NCT02667184 ).
PhD Forum: Toward a Human-in-the-Loop Smart Ridesharing System with Self-Driving Technologies

The overloaded transportation networks in big modern cities have always been a severe issue, resulting in congestion, environmental pollution, waste of energy, and of people's time and money. In this paper, we will discuss the potential solutions that could be offered by the utilization of a flexible ridesharing system. We will discuss the current standings of existing ridesharing tools and then propose a new flexible ridesharing system that is specifically designed to meet users' time constraints and to increase user satisfaction when there are dynamic road conditions such as traffic incidents. The proposed system is robust in user and traffic flexibility through the use of two main components: transferring and incentive protocols. We will discuss the necessity for the dynamic road network adaptation and the probabilistic stable routing model, and how they impact the two main components. For final remarks, we will also discuss the challenges of deploying such system into an intelligent transportation system, which includes keeping humans (users) in the loop and adapting to the self-driving technologies.
Organizational Sustainability Determinants in Different Cultural Settings: A Conceptual Framework

This paper provides a conceptual framework to demonstrate antecedents to the levels of sustainability initiative undertaken by firms. Taking insights from institutional theory, it is proposed that ...
Robust Gain-Scheduling observers for continuous-time Linear Parameter-Varying systems

In this paper, the problem of designing Robust Gain-Scheduling observers for continuous-time Linear Parameter-Varying systems via parameter-dependent Lyapunov function is addressed. The scheduling parameters are assumed to be imprecisely measured, i.e., corrupted with additive noise. Multi-simplex modeling approach is utilized to model the time-varying parameters and associated uncertainties. Sufficient conditions are given for the synthesis problem in terms of Parameterized Linear Matrix Inequalities. The designed observer not only guarantees asymptotic stability of estimation error dynamics but also minimizes the estimation errors under exogenous disturbances. Both, ℋ 2 and ℋ ∞ performances have been considered. An illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the benefit of the developed approach.
Acute effects of static stretching on passive stiffness and postural balance in healthy, elderly men

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the acute effects of straight-leg raise (SLR) static stretching on passive stiffness and postural balance in healthy, elderly men. An additional aim of this ...
A Compartmentalized Type I Interferon Response in the Gut During Chronic HIV-1 Infection is Associated with Immunopathogenesis

Objective(s) Type I interferon (IFN-I) responses confer both protective and pathogenic effects in persistent virus infections. IFN-I diversity, stage of infection and tissue compartment may account for this dichotomy. The gut is a major site of early HIV-1 replication and microbial translocation, but the nature of the IFN-I response in this compartment remains unclear. Design Samples were obtained from two IRB-approved cross-sectional studies. The first study included individuals with chronic, untreated HIV-1 infection (n = 24) and age/sex-balanced uninfected controls (n = 14). The second study included antiretroviral-treated, HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 15) and uninfected controls (n = 15). Methods The expression of 12 IFNα subtypes, IFNβ and antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and colon biopsies using real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing. In untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, associations between IFN-I responses and gut HIV-1 RNA levels as well as previously established measures of colonic and systemic immunological indices were determined. Results IFNα1, IFNα2, IFNα4, IFNα5 and IFNα8 were upregulated in PBMCs during untreated chronic HIV-1 infection, but IFNβ was undetectable. By contrast, IFNβ was upregulated and all IFNα subtypes were downregulated in gut tissue. Gut ISG levels positively correlated with gut HIV-1 RNA and immune activation, microbial translocation and inflammation markers. Gut IFN-I responses were not significantly different between HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral treatment and uninfected controls. Conclusion The IFN-I response is compartmentalized during chronic untreated HIV-1 infection, with IFNβ being more predominant in the gut. Gut IFN-I responses are associated with immunopathogenesis, and viral replication is likely a major driver of this response.
Quality prediction of synthesized speech based on tensor structured EEG signals

This study investigates quality prediction methods for synthesized speech using EEG. Training a predictive model using EEG is challenging due to a small number of training trials, a low signal-to-noise ratio, and a high correlation among independent variables. When a predictive model is trained with a machine learning algorithm, the features extracted from multi-channel EEG signals are usually organized as a vector and their structures are ignored even though they are highly structured signals. This study predicts the subjective rating scores of synthesized speeches, including their overall impression, valence, and arousal, by creating tensor structured features instead of vectorized ones to exploit the structure of the features. We extracted various features to construct a tensor feature that maintained their structure. Vectorized and tensorial features were used to predict the rating scales, and the experimental result showed that prediction with tensorial features achieved the better predictive performance. Among the features, the alpha and beta bands are particularly more effective for predictions than other features, which agrees with previous neurophysiological studies.
Vibronic Effects in Cu(II)-Doped Ba2Zn(HCO2)6·4H2O

The temperature-dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of similar to 1% Cu(II) ions doped into Ba2Zn(HCO2)(6)center dot 4H(2)O was analyzed at the Q-band frequencies over the temperature range 100-350 K to obtain structural information about the local environment. It can be concluded that the host crystal imparts a large orthorhombic strain which mainly corresponds to a tetragonal compression imposed onto the (CuO6)-O-II species. This results in a copper center which adopts an orthorhombically distorted elongated geometry with the elongated axis perpendicular to the direction of the tetragonal compression due to the host crystal. There are two possible axes of elongation, and these represent two conformers separated by similar to 320 cm(-1). The thermal population of the higher energy level averages the g values, giving the observed temperature-dependent EPR spectra. The averaging process is between vibronic levels that are localized at two different minima of a single ground-state potential energy surface. These vibronic levels correspond to vibrational levels having different electronic properties. The determination of the host lattice strain parameters from the Cu(II) EPR spectra means that the guest ion is used as a probe of the environment of the Zn(II) site. The structural data derived from the lattice strain parameters are correlated with those from the Ba2Zn(HCO2)(6)center dot 4H(2)O crystal structure.
Another Artistic Album of Bernardo Olivares

La presente contribucion presenta e introduce un manuscrito hasta recientemente desconocido del artista mexicano Bernardo Olivares Iriarte. El album, escrito en 1855, representa un nuevo recurso para el estudio del arte virreinal y del Mexico independiente. El estudio resume y contextualiza el contenido del album y enfatiza su valor para los estudiantes del arte mexicano.
Analogical Analyses of Continuous Variables

Thus far we have only dealt with categorical variables. In this chapter we apply our procedures — with some minor adaptation — to variables that are ordered or are numerically scaled.
Knowing Your Audience: Reactions to the Human Body, Dead and Undead

In order to effectively “speak out” as bioarchaeologists, practitioners must be aware of their audiences, both intended and unintended and academic and public. Audience reactions to and perceptions of bioarchaeological research are shaped in large part by a long and shifting history of cultural perceptions of death and the human body. Further, legislation and public policy in regard to sites of “dark tourism” can affect the translation of research and its interpretation by visitors. This chapter offers a review of public perceptions of the body, both dead and undead, as well as an introduction to the concept of “dark tourism” and the popular media and pop culture’s influence on these perceptions in an effort to equip bioarchaeologists with an augmented awareness of their potential audiences.
Generating closed bacterial genomes from long-read nanopore sequencing of microbiomes

We present the first method for efficient recovery of complete, closed genomes directly from microbiomes using nanopore long-read sequencing and assembly. We apply our approach to three healthy human gut communities and compare results to short read and read cloud approaches. We obtain nine finished genomes including the first reported closed genome of Prevotella copri, an organism with highly repetitive genome structure prevalent in non-western human gut microbiomes.
Learning 2D Surgical Camera Motion From Demonstrations

Automating camera movement during robot-assisted surgery has the potential to reduce burden on surgeons and remove the need to manually move the camera. An important sub-problem is automatic viewpoint selection, proposing camera poses that focus on important anatomical features. We use the 6 DoF Stewart Platform Research Kit (SPRK) to move the environment with a fixed endoscope, as a dual to moving the endoscope itself, to study camera motion in surgical robotics. To provide demonstrations, we link the platform's control directly to the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) master control system and allow control of the platform using the same pedals and tools as a clinical movable endoscope. We propose a probabilistic model that identifies image features that “dwell” close to the camera's focal point in expert demonstrations. Our experiments consider a surgical debridement scenario on silicone phantoms with inclusions of varying color and shape. We evaluate the extent to which the system correctly segments candidate debridement targets (box accuracy) and correctly ranks those targets (rank accuracy). For debridement of a single uniquely colored inclusion, the box accuracy is 80% and the rank accuracy is 100% after 100 training data points. For debridement of multiple inclusions of the same color, the box accuracy is 70.8% and the rank accuracy is 100% after 100 training data points. For debridement of inclusions of a particular shape, the box accuracy is 70.5% and the rank accuracy is 90% after 100 training data points. A demonstration video is available at: https://vimeo.com/260362958
Ab initio investigation into the physisorption of noble gases on graphene

Abstract The process of physisorption on graphene is of recent interest due to its vast applications, such as an atomic sensor, in electronics and energy storage. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the adsorption energies and distances of X-graphene (X = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) systems. The accuracy of DFT relies heavily on the choice of exchange-correlation (xc) functional. Many xc functionals do not fully capture van der Waals (vdW) interactions, if at all, and a correction is needed. The Local Density Approximation (LDA) and various forms of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional, including RPBE and revPBE, were used as well as the SCAN meta-GGA functional. In addition to these functionals, the vdW correction methods of Grimme (D2 and D3) and the revised Vydrov and van Voorhis (rVV10) vdW functional were used to account for dispersion effects. To investigate their accuracy, results were compared to higher level theory computational and experimental results. The revPBE-D3 combination gave the most accurate results for binding energy and distance when compared to computational studies with a mean absolute error (MAE) of in the range of 4.01-12.06 meV and 0.04-0.06 A, respectively. When compared to experiment, however, SCAN-D3 performed best with a binding distance MAE of 0.04-0.10 A. These results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various computational approaches and will help direct future studies.
The Design of an Automatic Aircraft Instrument Dehumidification Control System

The architecture of a dehumidification control system with pressure and temperature channels is presented in this paper. Users can first define the task curves for pressure channel and temperature channel by the chart editing and the table setting. The system will then perform the automatic long-term dehumidification operation in a vacuum oven for different aircraft instruments. In this research, we have completed four dehumidification experiments for two different control processes with this control system. It can precisely track the temperature task curves and pressure task curves to meet the dehumidification requirements for various aircraft instruments.
The Difference in Design: Participatory Budgeting in Brazil and the United States

Participatory Budgeting (PB) is conceptually powerful because it ties the normative values of non-elite participation and deliberation to specific policymaking processes. It is a democratic policymaking process that enables citizens to allocate public monies. PB has spread globally, coming to the United States in 2009. Our analysis shows that the types of institutional designs used in the United States are quite different from the original Brazilian programs. What explains the variation in PB institutional design between Brazil and the United States? Most PB cases in the US are district-level whereas in Brazil, PB cases are mainly municipal. We account for this variation by analyzing the electoral system; configuration of civil society; political moment of adoption; and available resources. We use case study analysis to account for this variation in institutional design. We then assess how the different rule design is likely to create a different set of institutional outcomes.
A Modified Framework for Quantifying Land–Atmosphere Covariability during Hydrometeorological and Soil Wetness Extremes in Oklahoma

AbstractGlobal “hot spots” for land–atmosphere coupling have been identified through various modeling studies—both local and global in scope. One hot spot that is common to many of these analyses i...
Generative adversarial attacks against intrusion detection systems using active learning

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are increasingly adopting machine learning (ML)-based approaches to detect threats in computer networks due to their ability to learn underlying threat patterns/features. However, ML-based models are susceptible to adversarial attacks, attacks wherein slight perturbations of the input features, cause misclassifications. We propose a method that uses active learning and generative adversarial networks to evaluate the threat of adversarial attacks on ML-based IDS. Existing adversarial attack methods require a large amount of training data or assume knowledge of the IDS model itself (e.g., loss function), which may not be possible in real-world settings. Our method overcomes these limitations by demonstrating the ability to compromise an IDS using limited training data and assuming no prior knowledge of the IDS model other than its binary classification (i.e., benign or malicious). Experimental results demonstrate the ability of our proposed model to achieve a 98.86% success rate in bypassing the IDS model using only 25 labeled data points during model training. The knowledge gained by compromising the ML-based IDS, can be integrated into the IDS in order to enhance its robustness against similar ML-based adversarial attacks.
Effect of statewide reduction in extended care facility use after joint replacement on hospital readmission.

Abstract Background Extended care facility use is a primary driver of variation in hospitalization-associated health care payments and is increasingly a focus for savings under episode-based payment. However, concerns remain that extended care facility limits could incur rising readmissions, emergency department use, or other costs. We analyzed the effects of a statewide value improvement initiative to decrease extended care facility use after lower extremity arthroplasty on extended care facility use, readmission, emergency department use, and payments. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using complete claims from the Michigan Value Collaborative for patients undergoing lower extremity joint replacement. We compared the change in extended care facility use before (2012–2013) and after (2016–2017) the aforementioned statewide initiative with 90-day postacute care, readmission, and emergency department rates and payments using t tests. Results Of the patients included, 68,537 underwent total knee arthroplasty; 27,131 underwent total hip arthroplasty. Statewide, extended care facility use and postacute care payments decreased (extended care facility: 27.5% before vs 18.1% after, payments: $4,999 vs $3,832, P Conclusion Despite decreased use of extended care facilities, there was no compensatory increase in readmission rate or payments. Reducing excess use of extended care facilities after joint replacement may be an important opportunity for savings in episode-based reimbursement.
A generative simulation platform for multi-agent systems with incentives

Multi-agent systems have attracted much attention in the recent years due to their capabilities to handle complex and computation-heavy tasks and compatibility with incentive schemes. Considering the difficulty of creating an actual prototype and environment for evaluation, a simulation platform is a cheap and efficient way in analyzing and testing, prior to real environmental implementations. Existing simulators for multi-agent systems are inadequate to analyze the effects of different customized incentive schemes on agents' behavior patterns due to two reasons: 1) They lack the functionality to support various types of complex incentives, e.g., mixture of monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives, which influences agents' behaviors explicitly and implicitly; 2) They are not able to emulate heterogeneous agents' realtime behaviors that are influenced by complex incentives and deviate from their original behavior patterns shown in historical traces. In this paper, we focus on mobile agents that can move in a patio-temporal space, and we present a physical knowledge aided multi-agent simulation platform considering the influence of both direct and indirect incentives unified through a general utility-driven agent reaction function. The behaviors of agents are then emulated in three behavioral models: myopic, semi-myopic, and farsighted, by varying the assumption of agents in maximizing their utilities and integrating the physical knowledge and historical mobility patterns. We finally examine the effectiveness of the platform in incentivizing vehicle agents to optimize the final distribution of the agents through a ride-sharing vehicle experimental scenario. The emulated agents' behaviors can also be collected into data traces for analyzing other patterns of the agents.
Assessment of pyrethroid contamination and potential mitigation strategies in California Central Coast surface waters.

Abstract Increased use of pyrethroids in the Central Coast of California since 2011 has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number and proportion of surface water samples with detectable concentrations at levels of concern to the public and state regulators. The goals of this study were to investigate the relationships between pyrethroid usage and environmental contamination, quantify and assess the potential risks, and recommend mitigation strategies. This study compiled the available pyrethroid use and surface water sampling data for the region, and then applied GIS methods to dynamic simulation modeling and usage-restriction buffer analyses. The results showed that in Monterey County alone, the agricultural usages of bifenthrin and permethrin each increased by ~50%, and the positive detection frequencies of both also increased around 2011–2013. County-wide, bifenthrin positive detections in surface water samples increased precipitously from 8.2% (7/85) for 2008–2012 up to 36.4% (106/291) for 2013–2017, and detections above its crustacean LC50 concentration went from 7.1% (6/85) to 35.7% (104/291). Despite its higher usage by mass, comparable figures for permethrin were more modest for the same time-periods, with positive detections going from 10.6% (9/85) to 14.4% (64/444), and detections above its crustacean LC50 going from 3.5% (3/85) to 7.2% (32/444). The seasonal lag between high bifenthrin usage in spring/summer and high detections in fall/winter samples showed the best correlations with 128- to 182-day lag times. This timing suggests that fallow season rain is likely the main driver of pyrethroid off-site movement into surface waters. SWAT modeling indicated that significant reductions in surface water permethrin concentrations only occurred with buffer distances of 1.6–3.2 km, but not with narrower buffers. However, if those wider buffers were implemented, permethrin could no longer be used on the majority of land where it is currently applied. Specifically, a 1.6-km buffer reduced the instream concentration by 8% but impacted 50% of the cropland, and a 3.2-km buffer reduced the concentration by 50% while impacting 76% of cropland. This study suggested that more promising alternative management practices could include an overall reduction in pyrethroid usage back to 2011 levels or other active mitigation strategies, like planting cover crops during the fallow winter wet season, or installing either vegetated buffer strips and/or sediment check dams on small tributaries to minimize sediment runoff.
Changes in Ice-Mass Balances Inferred From Time Variations of the Geopotential Observed Through SLR and DORIS Tracking

Analyses of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) tracking data have yielded estimates of rates for the low-degree zonal harmonics of the geopotential up through j 6 . Combined with observed changes in the Earth’s rotation pole and global sea level rise, these observations provide a powerful constraint on aggregate mass transport within the Earth’s systems. Inverse solutions, where these observed geodetic rates are used to constrain geophysical models, can yield estimates of the mantle viscosity contrast affecting postglacial rebound and ice sheet mass balance rates. In order to obtain the most accurate estimates, such analysis requires accounting for as many geophysical and environmental signals as possible that are contained in these observed trends. Analysis to date indicates that both the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets are nearly in mass balance when the forward models are used without any accommodation for correction terms. These results are only somewhat dependent on the zonal rate solution used, despite the differences between these solutions. The ice mass balance results benefit from improved rate solutions; in particular, the Antarctic ice mass accumulation rate estimate will benefit from better separation of j 3 and J 5 . The secular zonal rate solution can be improved using additional data. SLR and DORIS tracking of TOPEX/POSEIDON have been combined with the SLR tracking of LAGEOS, LAGEOS-2, Starlette, Stella, and Ajisai previously used to estimate the geopotential rates. Estimates of scale corrections to the forward models are also used to gain insight into the relative performance of these models and improve the estimate of the ice balances.