cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing research excellence through diversity and transparency.

It is an honor, a privilege, and an enormous responsibility to serve as the editor of the Journal of Educational Psychology (JEP), the leading outlet for high-quality empirical research in the field of educational psychology. The journal’s stellar reputation and standing in the field have continuously grown under the leadership of my predecessors (including those during the last 4 decades: Joanna Williams, Samuel Ball, Robert Calfee, Joel Levin, Michael Pressley, Karen Harris, Art Graesser, and Steve Graham). They have ensured that the work submitted and published in the journal represents the best empirical research in educational psychology and education more broadly. I recognize that the publication standards each editor sets in the journal not only have a direct impact on what gets published but also influence research practices and, consequently, the training of new scholars. My main priority is to be a good steward of this legacy and continue to enhance the journal’s commitment to research excellence through greater emphasis on diversity and transparency . (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Cardiac Tamponade from Biodebris Accumulation in Long Term HVAD Support

Introduction As patients live longer on mechanical circulatory support (MCS), it is crucial to recognize long term device complications. We present a case of an unusual late complication after an HVAD implantation. Case Report A 51 year old female implanted with HVAD 6.5 years ago as a bridge to transplant presented with hypotension and UTI. She received IV fluids and antibiotics, and antihypertensive medications were held with clinical improvement. Surveillance RHC showed high filling pressures (RA 25 mmHg, Wedge 38 mmHg) and low cardiac index (1.8 mL/kg/m2). After diuresis, she developed acute hypotension, low flows and a pulsatility waveform consistent with suction for which device speed was decreased. Despite volume resuscitation she had PEA arrest requiring CPR and inotrope support. An echocardiogram showed near complete compression of the RA and RV by a fluid collection adjacent to the outflow tract. An emergent CT showed a 5.2 × 8.4 × 9.7 cm fluid collection around the outflow graft, extending from the proximal conduit to the aortic anastomosis. There was mass effect causing effacement of the IVC-RA junction and compression of SVC consistent with tamponade. The outflow graft was patent without signs of compression. Due to concern for bleeding from the graft, the patient was taken to surgery. Intraoperatively, there was a large amount of gelatinous material within the Gore-Tex wrapping of the conduit and no bleeding. The biodebris was evacuated with immediate relief of cardiac compression. Gore-Tex membranes were removed, and the chest was closed. The patient recovered and is doing well. Summary We present the first case of biodebris within Gore-Tex outflow graft wrapping causing cardiac tamponade. Gore-Tex wrapping of MCS devices is used to facilitate future explanting but may cause accumulation of biodebris over time. The phenomenon was previously described with HeartMate devices owing to the design of the bend relief resulting in outflow graft compression, but is unusual for HVAD devices, and has not been reported to cause tamponade.
Invited Commentary: Dealing With the Inevitable Deficiencies of Bias Analysis—and All Analyses

Lash et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1604-1612) have presented detailed critiques of 3 bias analyses that they identify as "suboptimal." This identification raises the question of what "optimal" means for bias analysis, because it is practically impossible to do statistically optimal analyses of typical population studies-with or without bias analysis. At best the analysis can only attempt to satisfy practice guidelines and account for available information both within and outside the study. One should not expect a full accounting for all sources of uncertainty; hence, interval estimates and distributions for causal effects should never be treated as valid uncertainty assessments-they are instead only example analyses that follow from collections of often questionable assumptions. These observations reinforce those of Lash et al. and point to the need for more development of methods for judging bias-parameter distributions and utilization of available information.
Green Analysis: Rapid-Throughput Analysis of Volatile Contaminants in Plants by Freeze–Thaw–Equilibration Sample Preparation and SPME–GC-MS Analysis

Emerging and fugitive contaminants (EFCs) can be introduced into the food chain through plants, particularly crop plants, and have threatened food safety and human health. The method for determination of volatile EFCs in plant tissues remains challenging. A new rapid, simple, precise, and accurate freeze-thaw-equilibration followed by head space (HS)-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was developed in this study for high-throughput analysis of 1,4-dioxane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) in tissues of three representative crop plants, corn, wheat, and tomato. The samples were treated by a freeze-thaw procedure, then equilibrated in a saturated sodium sulfate solution, and analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS method. Method detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 16 ng/g. The calibration showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9). Recoveries of spiked analytes in the three plant species ranged from 82.69 to 106.3%. The ability of plant uptake of the compounds from soil has been investigated. As demonstrated in this study, this method is used to measure the concentrations of volatile contaminants in the stems of crop plants. This method should also be applicable for other plant tissues and therefore will contribute significantly to the sight of EFC transport in plants and to assess the potential risks EFCs pose to food safety and human health.
Tick bite frequency, prevention practices and Lyme disease diagnoses among U.S. Hispanic survey respondents.

Tick bite prevention practices, knowledge of Lyme disease (LD) symptoms and transmission, and patterns of LD diagnoses among Hispanic persons have been reported but not comprehensively evaluated. In 2014, CDC examined questions from a prospective nationwide survey of U.S. Hispanic adults conducted via the Offerwise QueOpinas panel regarding ticks and LD. From October to November, a total of 2,649 surveys were released and 1,006 completed surveys returned. Overall, 44% of respondents reported routinely practising at least one form of personal protection against tick bites, and wearing repellent was the most commonly reported method (29%). Approximately 6% of respondents reported a tick bite for either themselves or someone in their household during the previous 12 months. An individual or household diagnosis of LD in the previous year was reported by 2% of respondents, with the highest proportion of diagnoses reported by respondents from high LD incidence states. The annual incidence of healthcare provider-diagnosed LD in the survey population was higher than national surveillance estimates for reported LD among U.S. Hispanic persons during 2000-2013. As annual incidence of LD continues to increase, it is important to ensure equitable access to information about LD, including disease transmission, manifestations, and prevention recommendations. Results from this survey can help inform public health outreach focused on effective tick bite prevention methods and early recognition of LD.
Supraspinal control of ascending pathways.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the descending control of the activity of neurons belonging to the spinothalamic tract in the monkey. Comparable observations on the effects of the descending control systems on other ascending pathways are also described. The descending control of transmission of information in ascending pathways is important both for motor control and for sensory processing. Stimulation of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex results in an inhibition of the responses of spinothalamic tract neurons to tactile, but not to noxious stimuli. The raphe nuclei of the medulla send projections to the spinal cord, and the raphe magnus nucleus in particular projects through the dorsolateral fasciculus and terminates in the dorsal horn. Stimulation in the raphe magnus nucleus produces a powerful inhibition of spinothalamic tract neurons, including inhibition of the responses of these cells to noxious mechanical or thermal stimuli. Stimulation within the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis may either inhibit or excite spinothalamic tract neurons. Preliminary evidence indicates that stimulation in the midbrain reticular formation just lateral to the periaqueductal gray produces a strong inhibition of spinothalamic tract cells.
Adolescents in Residential Treatment: Caregiver and Peer Predictors of Risk Behavior and Academic Performance

The purpose of this research was to better understand the substance use and sexual risk taking behavior among high-risk adolescent populations placed in residential treatment facilities, including those in the foster care and juvenile justice systems. The primary predictors considered in this study included caregiver support, caregiver closeness, other adult support, adolescent self-disclosure/communication with caregiver, caregiver expectations about sexual behavior, and peer influence regards to drugs/alcohol and sexual behavior. Participants included 120 adolescent females in grades 7 to 12 (median grade = 10; mean age 15.7 years), primarily African American (57.2 %) and White (29 %), in a residential treatment setting in a large urban area in the Midwest. Caregiver support and self-disclosure/communication with caregivers predicted condom use at most recent intercourse, but variables related to substance use were most consistently predictive of sexuality variables including onset and frequency of behavior. None of these support variables significantly predicted onset and frequency of substance use. Caregiver support was the contributing variable in predicting academic achievement.
Chapter 8 Method for Reversible Inhibition of Cell Division in Tetrahymena pyriformis Using Vinblastine Sulfate1

Publisher Summary Studies on control mechanisms operating during the cell growth and division cycle depend to a large extent on available techniques for obtaining large populations of cells all at the same stage of the cell cycle. Synchronization or phasing of cell division has been accomplished in Tetrahymena by subjection to repeated heat shocks, repeated cycles of cold shocks, and by manually isolating dividing cells. Vinblastine (VLB) apparently acts at a specific point in the cell cycle of Tetrahymena judging from the phasing of division after the release of inhibition. The observation that unautoclaved medium overcomes the inhibition by VLB is an indication that it may be possible to learn more about the mode of action of VLB. The approach that is being taken is to grow Tetrahymena on synthetic medium and to vary the concentration of the components to determine the effectiveness of VLB as an inhibitor. Studies on the effects of VLB on protein and nucleic acid synthesis are underway. Cytologically the micronuclei after Feulgen-staining reaction in strain WH6 appear to be in division after four hours of inhibition.
Applying aspect-orient programming concepts to a component-based programming model

The execution environments for scientific applications have evolved significantly over the years. Vector and parallel architectures have provided significantly faster computations. Cluster computers have reduced the cost of high-performance architectures. However, the software development environments have not keep pace. Object-oriented and component-based languages have not been widely adopted. Distributed computing on local area networks and Grids is only being used by a most number of applications. Clearly, there is a need for development environments that support the efficient creation of applications that use modern execution systems. This has been the goal of a continuing research effort over the last several years. The previous focus has been on using component-based ideas to develop a programming model and associated framework to support such a development approach. In this paper, two additional concepts are added to the base approach. Aspect-oriented concepts are applied to support the reduction of intertwined code related to different programming concerns; mixing I/O with a numerical computation is one example. Particularly in large applications, intertwining code can lead to applications that are difficult to modify and to manage. The second concept being added is the use of behavioral metadata. When coupling smaller pieces of code (or components) to make a larger composite application, one needs to determine the suitability of the internal behavior of component as well as the compatibility of its interfaces. The objective is to integrate some of this information into the component and design a framework assist the programmer in making these decisions.
Interventions for Suicidal Children and Their Parents

Five features of the family organization of suicidal children include family inhibition of change, lack of defined generational boundaries, severity of spouse conflict, projection of inappropriate parental feelings onto the child, and a symbiotic parent-child interaction. The treatment of suicidal children must encompass a holistic family technique. The acute phases of treatment include protecting the child from harm, promoting family recognition of the seriousness of the child's suicidal behavior, promoting appropriate parental role responsibilities, and effecting an immediate significant family change. During the long-term process of treatment, attention must be focused on the child's unique psychopathology, the conflicts that preclude appropriate parental response to the child's needs, and the characterological difficulties of each parent.
Metastability and microstructure evolution in the synthesis of inorganics from precursors

Abstract The microstructure evolution of inorganic materials synthesized by pyrolytic decomposition of precursors often occurs through multi-stage transformation paths which involve different forms and levels of metastability, e.g. nanocrystallinity, formation of alternate crystalline or amorphous phases, and solubility extension. These effects are discussed with examples from recent work on ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 combined with each other or with one of the following: MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 and PbO+TiO 2 . Pyrolysis typically occurs at low homologous temperatures, where long range diffusion is constrained, and hence many of the relevant transformations are partitionless. The phenomena share a common conceptual base with similar forms of metastability produced by technologies like rapid solidification and vapor deposition. A thermodynamic foundation, which would be common across technologies, is developed and used to assess the role of kinetics in phase selection and microstructure evolution in the cited oxide systems. Phase hierarchy maps are derived from phase diagrams and used to represent the menu of possible phases, and their relative stability, as a function of temperature and composition. Kinetic constraints which bias the phase selection away from the energetically most favored structure are usually the result of a requirement for ordering, complex atomic rearrangement, or partitioning during crystallization. The excess chemical energy stored in the system when a metastable phase is selected can lead to undesirable effects during the subsequent transformations, e.g. exacerbated grain coarsening, which hinder microstructural control in technologically important thin film, fiber, and particulate systems.
Influenzal meningitis: A study of its clinical characteristics based on an analysis of 54 cases from the records of the St. Louis Children's Hospital

Summary On the basis of a group of 54 cases compiled from the records of the St. Louis Children's Hospital, and of a series of 500 cases gathered from reports in the literature, an attempt has been made to discuss influenzal meningitis from the point of view of the clinician rather than of the immunologist. Incidence in hospital practice, incidence by sex and age, and mortality are briefly considered. Data from history and physical examination and from laboratory findings are analyzed, and questions of diagnosis and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Survival and Accountability: An Analysis of the Empirical Support for “Selectorate Theory”

This study re-examines the empirical support for one of the most influential explanations of leadership tenure, “selectorate theory,” by testing for consistency across key regime categories. The argument made herein is that if the measures are good, the consistency of their relationships should not be limited to particular nominal regime categories, and they should capture the implications of the theory differentiating it from competing theories. Current measures of selectorate theory concepts are wanting on both fronts. I find that the measure used for winning coalition size is correlated with the destabilization of leaders in democracies and the stabilization of leaders in nondemocracies. I also find that the measure of selectorate size exhibits two behaviors inconsistent with the theory: larger selectorates are only stabilizing after the leader has already been in office for an extended period of time; and the effect is only substantial for differentiating between types of military regimes. These findings have five implications: (1) they cast serious doubt on the utility of current measures of selectorate theory; (2) they raise conceptual questions about the treatment of political regimes as vectors or categories; (3) they define substantive, not just statistical, issues that future measures will need to address; (4) they give baselines for re-analysis of the effect of these measures on other implications of interest; and (5) they provide an interesting comment on the comparative politics literature on hybrid regimes and the effect of parliamentary institutions in nondemocratic regimes.
Two New Early Bacteriophage T4 Genes, repEA and repEB, That Are Important for DNA Replication Initiated from Origin E

Two new, small, early bacteriophage T4 genes, repEA and repEB, located within the origin E (oriE) region of T4 DNA replication, affect functioning of this origin. An important and unusual property of the oriE region is that it is transcribed at early and late periods after infection, but in opposite directions (from complementary DNA strands). The early transcripts are mRNAs for RepEA and RepEB proteins, and they can serve as primers for leading-strand DNA synthesis. The late transcripts, which are genuine antisense RNAs for the early transcripts, direct synthesis of virion components. Because the T4 genome contains several origins, and because recombination can bypass a primase requirement for retrograde synthesis, neither defects in a single origin nor primase deficiencies are lethal in T4 (Mosig et al., FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 17:83–98, 1995). Therefore, repEA and repEB were expected and found to be important for T4 DNA replication only when activities of other origins were reduced. To investigate the in vivo roles of the two repE genes, we constructed nonsense mutations in each of them and combined them with the motA mutation sip1 that greatly reduces initiation from other origins. As expected, T4 DNA synthesis and progeny production were severely reduced in the double mutants as compared with the single motA mutant, but early transcription of oriE was reduced neither in the motA nor in the repE mutants. Moreover, residual DNA replication and growth of the double mutants were different at different temperatures, suggesting different functions for repEA and repEB. We surmise that the different structures and protein requirements for functioning of the different origins enhance the flexibility of T4 to adapt to varied growth conditions, and we expect that different origins in other organisms with multiorigin chromosomes might differ in structure and function for similar reasons.
Hyalinizing Spindle Cell Tumor With Giant Rosettes—A Soft Tissue Tumor With Mesenchymal and Neuroendocrine Features

Abstract Context.—Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes is a recently described biphasic neoplasm of soft tissues that shares mesenchymal and neuroendocrine features. Its morphologic structure is distinctive, with the presence of hyalinized paucicellular foci that are termed rosettes. The cells around the latter display positive immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers. The small number of cases described to date indicates that they tend to be localized in the extremities. Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic features of 2 unusual cases of hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes. Methods and Results.—One tumor was located in the prestyloid parapharyngeal space and the second in the left thigh. Both tumors were well circumscribed and surrounded by a thin capsulelike fibrous band without infiltrating projections. The rosettes were embedded in a spindle cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical stains showed positive results for S100 protein, synaptophysin, CD57, protein gene...
A self-consistent model of plasma and neutrals at Saturn: The ion tori

[1] We self-consistently solve models for the plasma transport and chemistry and the neutral density. These models yield a plasma composition in Saturn's magnetosphere which is consistent with the high neutral densities known to be present. We find that the molecular ions OH+ and H2O+ make up over 80% of the ion density, with more H2O+ than OH+ inside 6 RS and equal amounts of OH+ and H2O+ outside 6 RS. These predictions will be directly tested by Cassini in the near future.
Cross-Link Formation of the Cysteine 228-Tyrosine 272 Catalytic Cofactor of Galactose Oxidase Does Not Require Dioxygen

Galactose oxidase (GO) belongs to a class of proteins that self-catalyze assembly of their redox-active cofactors from active site amino acids. Generation of enzymatically active GO appears to require at least four sequential post-translational modifications: cleavage of a secretion signal sequence, copper-dependent cleavage of an N-terminal pro sequence, copper-dependent formation of a C228-Y272 thioether bond, and generation of the Y272 radical. The last two processes were investigated using a truncated protein (termed premat-GO) lacking the pro sequence and purified under copper-free conditions. Reactions of premat-GO with Cu(II) were investigated using optical, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, and X-ray crystallography. Premat-GO reacted anaerobically with excess Cu(II) to efficiently form the thioether bond but not the Y272 radical. A potential C228-copper coordinated intermediate (lambda max = 406 nm) in the processing reaction, which had not yet formed the C228-Y272 cross-link, was identified from the absorption spectrum. A copper-thiolate protein complex, with copper coordinated to C228, H496, and H581, was also observed in a 3 min anaerobic soak by X-ray crystallography, whereas a 24 h soak revealed the C228-Y272 thioether bond. In solution, addition of oxygenated buffer to premat-GO preincubated with excess Cu(II) generated the Y272 radical state. On the basis of these data, a mechanism for the formation of the C228-Y272 bond and tyrosyl radical generation is proposed. The 406 nm complex is demonstrated to be a catalytically competent processing intermediate under anaerobic conditions. We propose a potential mechanism which is in common with aerobic processing by Cu(II) until the step at which the second electron acceptor is required.
alpha 2-Adrenergic receptors in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes.

Abstract Human polymorphonuclear cell membranes contain α 2 -adrenergic receptors which are measured by binding of the α 2 -adrenergic antagonist [ 3 H]yohimbine. The α 1 -adrenergic antagonist [ 3 H]prazosin showed no specific binding. High and low affinity sites were detected which had K d values of 2.38 ± 0.4 and 139 ± 12 nM, respectively, and which bound maximally 4.82 ± 0.9 and 81 ± 9 fmoles of [ 3 H]yohimbine/mg membrane protein. The high and low affinity sites were also detected by competition studies with phentolamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine and by dissociation kinetics of bound [ 3 H]yohimbine. [ 3 H]Yohimbine binding was stereospecifically inhibited by (−)- and (+)-epinephrine and norepinephrine. [ 3 H]Yohimbine binding to intact cells showed about 500 high affinity sites per cell ( K d 0.5 nM) and approximately 4000 lower affinity sites per cell ( K d 3–4 nM). Yohimbine enhanced the (−)-norepinephrine stimulation of cAMP production in intact cells.
Versatile FPGA Architecture for Skein Hashing Algorithm

This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a versatile Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware for the Skein hashing algorithm. A single design capable of processing individual messages sequentially, multiple messages using pipelined architecture, or executing Skein's tree hashing mode using the same pipelined architecture was developed for the Skein-256 version of the algorithm. Emphasis was placed on efficient use of FPGA resources and detailed performance analysis of pipelined tree hashing. The design is compared with current sequential and tree hashing FPGA implementations. The post place-and-route results show that our design achieves a maximum throughput of 1.4Gbps in sequential mode, 6.6Gbps in multiple message mode, and 6.6Gbps in tree hashing mode on a Virtex-5 FPGA and 1.5Gbps, 7.7Gbps, and 7.7Gbps on a Virtex-6 respectively.
Invited Review: Nutrition Support in Pancreatitis

Nutrition support in patients with pancreatitis has created a challenge for clinicians. Because the pancreas is normally stimulated by the ingestion of food, particularly fat, patients are often denied oral nutrition. This reduction in the ingestion of food, together with the increased metabolic demands of this disease, often results in a negative energy balance and occasionally undernutrition or malnutrition. This review summarizes the etiologies and methods for staging pancreatitis, the physiology of pancreatic exocrine secretion and the response of the pancreas to different methods of nutrition support. The results of clinical trials, which examine both parenteral and enteral nutrition in animals and humans with this disease, are reviewed. Recommendations for nutrition management of patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis and areas for future research are discussed.
Free Trade and Protection in Nineteenth-Century Britain and France Revisited: A Comment on Nye

In a recent article in this JOURNAL, John V. Nye disputed the "conventional wisdom" that Britain was a paragon of free trade and France a practitioner of protection in the nineteenth century.' Nye's case is based primarily on figures for tariff revenue as a percentage of the value of imports, calculated using various weights. These figures, as Nye interprets them, "suggest that France's trade regime was more liberal than that of Great Britain throughout most of the nineteenth century . . . British average tariff levels did not compare favorably with those of France till the 1880s and were not substantially lower for much of the time."2 In this comment I argue that the rate of tariff revenue is an inadequate and potentially misleading indicator of whether a country's commercial policy tends toward free trade or protection. In examining the structure of Britain's tariff in the second half of the nineteenth century, when those problems were particularly acute, I found that the tariff was carefully constructed to avoid protecting domestic producers. A cursory examination of French policy, by contrast, indicates that domestic producers were protected by substantial tariff barriers. In figure 1 of his article, Nye presented evidence on tariff revenue as a percentage of the total value of imports in Britain and France over the course of the nineteenth century. In the first half of the century, the average rate of tariff revenue appears initially to be much higher but to decline more rapidly in Britain than in France, until the rates converge in the two countries at about 5 to 10 percent around the 1860s. In the second half-century, the rates remain roughly stable at this level until the end of the century. Taking these tariff revenue measures as a proxy for average tariff levels in the two countries, Nye judged France to have been equally as liberal in its commercial policy as Britain was over the course of the nineteenth century, bringing into question what he believes to be the traditional view on the matter. Given these figures for the first half of the century, Nye asked, why have economic historians "concluded that Britain was the solitary free trader in the early to midnineteenth century?''3 This questioning of the conventional wisdom is curious, because no scholar of the period has disputed the fact that Britain's commercial policy was quite protectionist prior to the 1840s. What is disputable is using the rate of tariff revenue as the sole metric by which to rank-order two countries in terms of the liberality of their commercial policy, as Nye did when he concluded that "there is little evidence that Britain's trade was substantially more open than that of France. . . . France's trade regime was more liberal than that of Great Britain.' 4 That rates of tariff revenue were higher in Britain than in France for some decades does not mean a priori that Britain was less open to trade than France: those data alone are not revealing about nominal or
Dislocation arrangements during cyclic hardening and softening in A1 crystals

Abstract In order to study the cyclic work hardening of Al single crystals two methods were used: 1. (1) the accurate recording of stress-strain loops during cyclic straining, and 2. (2) the direct observation of dislocation arrangements within crystals using transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic hardening experiments covered from 1 to 10 3 cycles of reversed plastic strain amplitude ( γ p ⩽ 0.01 ⩾ 0.0004) and were made in push—pull with special attention being given to achieving axial stresses. The rate of cyclic hardening was greatest in the first 50 cycles, and thereafter decreased to a low level. The general level of hardening depended on orientation and strain amplitude. The stress-strain loops produced by the crystals during cyclic straining clearly showed the Bauschinger effect. The Bauschinger glide strain, which was used as a measure of the Bauschinger effect, depended on the orientation and peak stress, and consequently varied systematically with the rate of hardening. In addition, magnification of the unloading parts of the loops (using a high strain sensitivity of ∼-10 −6 ) showed that a deviation from elastic behavior occurred well before zero stress was reached so that a non-elastic strain was observed at τ = 0. Both the non-elastic strain and the Bauschinger glide strain increased with increasing peak stress. The anelastic behavior of crystals during unloading and reapplication of the load was used to obtain an estimate of the frictional resistance to dislocation movement after cyclic straining. Cyclic softening experiments were also made in a similar way to those described above on crystals which had been hardened by cyclic straining. The most prominent feature of the electron microscope observations on crystals after one or few cycles of alternating strain was the presence of dislocation tangles and long narrow dislocation loops parallel to 〈112〉. The tangles appeared similar to those observed in Al by Wilsdorf and Schmitz (1962) after unidirectional deformation within the easy glide range. After the application of 100 cycles or more, the tangles were spread out in zones parallel to the glide plane with relatively few dislocations in between. The significance of the electron microscope observations is discussed in relation to the measurements of the Bauschinger glide strain, and the mechanism of cyclic hardening and softening.
Infections Caused by Pseudomonas Species in Patients with Burns and in Other Surgical Patients

Infections caused by Pseudomonas species are a particular threat to all patients with extensive burns, as well as to other critically ill surgical patients. These gramnegative opportunistic bacteria proliferate rapidly in and invade through nonviable tissue such as the burn wound. Topical chemotherapy with Sulfamylon burn cream@ has significantly reduced the occurrence of pseudomonas burn wound sepsis, but wound surveillance and biopsy monitoring are essential to the assessment of the bacterial density of the burn and to the timely alteration of therapy. Pseudomonas infections of the lung may be either hematogenous or airborne in origin, and the clinical course and treatment vary accordingly. Pseudomonas suppurative thrombophlebitis may also occur in patients with impaired antimicrobial defenses and may serve as a source of systemic dissemination. With improved treatment and prophylaxis of pseudomonas infections, other opportunistic microorganisms that are even more difficult to treat have emerged. This phenomenon emphasizes that immunologic enfeeblement is the basic problem to be addressed.
Evaluation of testing protocols for dynamic modulus of hot-mix asphalt

The dynamic modulus (|E*|) of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is one of the fundamental inputs in the mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design guide developed in NCHRP Project 1-37A. The M-E design guide provides three levels for |E*| input, which are related nominally to the reliability of pavement performance estimates generated by the guide. Level 1 |E*| inputs require laboratory-measured |E*| -values, and Level 2 and 3 |E*| inputs are estimated by using a predictive equation. To provide the laboratory-measured |E*| inputs for implementation of the M-E design guide, a comprehensive research effort was completed in Arkansas. The research included a study evaluating different |E*| testing protocols, derived by varying combinations of the number of test replicates and the number of measurement instruments affixed on each test specimen recommended in AASHTO TP 62-03. The testing protocols were evaluated in terms of the variability of the resulting |E*| test results. The total research effort included three replic...
Balancing salt dome uplift and withdrawal basin subsidence in cross-section

Abstract Idealized geometric models are presented for cases of cross-sections drawn perpendicular to elongate salt domes, where a two-dimensional model is adequate, and cross-sections drawn through the center of hemispherical salt domes, where a three-dimensional model is needed. Primary attention is devoted to domes during the salt pillow stage of uplift; however, a simple model is provided for the piercement stage as well. Mathematical relationships are derived between the cross-sectional area of the dome and the cross-sectional area of the associated withdrawal basin. Relationships are also derived relating non-dimensional dome uplift to non-dimensional basin subsidence. These relationships must be taken into account when constructing and restoring cross-sections of salt domes. Failure to do so can result in significant errors in estimating the amount of salt lost to dissolution. In addition, the relationships in this paper imply that there is a change in either salt dome height or withdrawal basin depth near the ends of an elongate dome, and predict that restored cross-sections of mini-basins developed on thick layers of salt typically will contain more salt than the present-day section.
Stepwise functionalization of mesoporous crystalline silica materials

Novel properties have been achieved in mesoporous crystalline silica materials by organic functionalization. In this study, localized functionalization and bifunctionalization of silica MCM-41 was attempted through the stepwise post-synthesis silylation. When MCM-41 was treated with various silylating agents for 6 hours before template removal, change in pore size only was observed without any change in surface area and pore volume. MCM-41 was difunctionalized with both decyl groups on edges of pores and methyl groups on inner surfaces of pores. Capillary condensation of water took place at higher relative pressure in MCM-41 with decyl groups on edges than in unsilylated MCM-41, whereas hydrophobic property was observed in MCM-41 which were difunctionalized with decyl groups on edges of pores and with methyl groups on inner surfaces of pores. This study shows that the manipulation of pore size and functionality with/without any change in surface area and pore volume and the combination of two different functionalities could be achieved in MCM-41 through the stepwise functionalization.
Examination of ρ 0 Density Matrix Elements Used for Vector-Dominance-Model Tests

We have studied the data on ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ production in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ interactions which have been used in tests of the vector-dominance model. We find inconsistencies between the assumptions made in the tests and the detailed characteristics of the data. In particular, the density matrix element ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$-meson decay does not show the ${sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence expected ($\ensuremath{\theta}$ is the polar decay angle in the helicity frame), assuming only $s$- and $p$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ interactions. We conclude that the breakdown of the model has not been established by these tests.
Quantifying spatial and temporal dynamics of tropical forest structure using high resolution airborne lidar

This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest structure in tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Three small-footprint lidar datasets from 1997, 2006, and 2009 are used over old-growth and secondary forests at 1-meter spatial resolution. The results quantify the spatial variability, the vertical forest structure profiles and the temporal variability, demonstrating the determination of the forest succession stages from remote sensing data.
It's not what you hear but how often you hear it: on the neglected role of phonological variant frequency in auditory word recognition.

Recognition of a frequently heard spoken word variant in American English (flapping) was investigated in a phoneme identification experiment. Listeners identified the initial segment (b orp) of word-nonword continua (e.g.,pretty-bretty) that was embedded in either a flap or a [t] variant carrier word (e.g.,preDy-breDy orpreTTy-breTTy). The results showed more identification responses forming a real word when the to-be-identified speech sound occurred in the more frequently experienced flap carrier. These results support the claim that lexical representation of spoken words includes the flap variant. Listeners do not recode the flap variant into an underlying /t/ version but recognize the flap, in its surface form, via a preexisting representation in lexical memory.
Report on Modern Greek Studies Association conference, Chicago, November 3-5, 2005

ABSTRACT The author details library and archival panels related to Modern Greece held at the November 2005 biennial conference of the Modern Greek Studies Association (MGSA). He also summarizes several scholarly panels on linguistic and historical topics presented at this conference.
Childhood asthma hospitalization and residential exposure to state route traffic.

This study investigated whether pediatric hospitalization for asthma was related to living near a road with heavy traffic. In this case–control study, cases (N=417) consisted of white children aged 0–14 years who were admitted for asthma and who resided in Erie County, New York, excluding the city of Buffalo. Controls (N=461) were children in the same age range admitted during the same time period for nonrespiratory diseases. Subjects' residential addresses were linked to traffic information provided by the New York State Department of Transportation. After adjustments for age and poverty level were made, children hospitalized for asthma were more likely to live on roads with the highest tertile of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) (odds ratio (OR): 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–3.29) within 200 m and were more likely to have trucks and trailers passing by within 200 m of their residence (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–1.99) compared to controls. However, childhood asthma hospitalization was not significantly associated with residential distance from state roads, annual VMT within 500 m, or whether trucks or trailers passed by within 500 m. This study suggests that exposure to high volumes of traffic/truck within 200 m of homes contributes to childhood asthma hospitalizations.
Measuring and Monitoring ICP in Neurocritical Care: Results from a National Practice Survey

Introduction The use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors is nearly synonymous with Neurocritical Care. Recent studies in nursing literature have report high levels of practice variance associated with ICP monitoring and treatment. There are no recent practice surveys to describe how critical care physicians and nurses who are familiar with ICP management provide care to their patients.
Time-resolved infrared radiometry of multilayer organic coatings using surface and subsurface heating

The thermal inspection technique of time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR) has been developed as a nondestructive characterization method for examination of multilayer materials systems. Applications of the technique include detecting defects such as disbonds in protective coatings which could lead to coating failure. This technique is an extension of earlier thermal wave imaging techniques developed for examination of material microstructure and defects. The TRIR technique is totally noncontacting and allows quantitative measurements to be made of both the coating thickness and the integrity of the bond between the coating and the substrate within the same measurements. In the present work we review the basics to the TRIR technique and examine the use of the TRIR technique for inspection of organic coatings.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The detection and interpretation of hydrogen in fault gases

Hydrogen gas can be released by chemical and mechanical changes in crustal rocks. Once released, it is highly mobile, buoyant, and almost insoluble in groundwater. A fault system may act as a conduit, allowing hydrogen to accumulate in soil gases near a surface expression. Since hydrogen is scarce in ambient air, its presence at elevated levels in soil gases may be a tool for fault mapping. In order to evaluate this tool, we surveyed eleven different faults by measuring the concentration of hydrogen and methane in 2 to 21 soil-gas samples that were collected near each of them. The sense of motion at four of those faults is normal (western United States, Greece), at five it is strike-slip or dip-slip (California, Colorado, Japan), and at two it is thrusting (California). At four of these faults (Hebgen Lake, Yellowstone, Yamasaki, Burro Mountain) maximum concentrations of hydrogen ranged from 80 ppm to 70% and methane from 300 ppm to 5%. All other sites showed ambient levels of both gases, except for one sample taken at Mt. Borah, Idaho, that was 2% methane. From this preliminary study it is not clear whether the presence of hydrogen is correlated uniquely to the location of faults or whether it occurs randomly. The conditions required to produced and accumulate hydrogen are also not clear. Excess hydrogen may well be produced by different mechanisms in different geological regimes. For example, if ferrous hydroxide is present in local rocks, it may react to produce hydrogen. Detailed and extensive studies are needed to clarify the connection between hydrogen and tectonic faulting.
Ground-based canopy transmittance and satellite remotely sensed measurements for estimation of coniferous forest canopy structure

Abstract Ground-based measurements of forest canopy transmittance provide a ready means of estimating intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) for use in calibrating satellite remotely sensed estimates of forest canopy structure. The relationship between canopy transmittance and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) near IR/red radiance ratio data was examined for a temperature coniferous forest study site in northwestern Montana. Semivariogram analysis showed that the canopy transmittance and the TM near IR/red ratio had a similar spatial autocorrelation structure. Due to the fine scale patchiness of the forest canopy, the canopy transmittance and TM data were averaged at the coarser scale of the hillslope terrain units for regression analysis. These hillslope averaged data sets showed a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.66). The transmittance measurements were converted to leaf area index (LAI) but comparison with previous results obtained for coniferous forests in Oregon (Peterson et al., 1987) shows some differences in the relationship between LAI and TM near IR/red ratio.
Biosynthesis and intracellular transport of MHC class II molecules associated with a mutated, glycosaminoglycan-negative invariant chain.

Abstract The MHC Class II molecular complex is composed of polymorphic α and β chains and a non-polymorphic “invariant” chain (Ii) that can be converted to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. To determine whether the proteoglycan form of invariant chain (Ii-CS) had a role in the expression of the Class II complex, we studied the biosynthetic fate of α-β in cells transfected either with normal li cDNA or with a site-directed mutant of Ii (IiAla201) that lacked the site of glycosaminoglycan addition. We had reported [Miller J., Hatch J. A., Simonis S. and Cullen S. E. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 , 1359–1363] that the mutant protein associated stably with α and β chains, and that it showed charge heterogeneity suggesting some oligosaccharide processing. In this study we demonstrated that the rate and extent of α-β processing and the rate of α-β cell surface expression is the same in the presence of either normal or mutant Ii. Examination of the mutant Ii protein itself revealed normal transport through different processing compartments, as evidenced by the addition of fatty acid and by maturation of N-linked oligosaccharides. Moreover, though the rate of conversion of IiAla201 into more processed forms was slower in the absence of α-β than in its presence, this was also typlcal of the wild type invariant chain. The ability to alter glycosaminoglycan addition without significantly disturbing other processing events or trafficking should allow a rigorous assessment of the impact of glycosaminoglycan addition on Class II function.
Inhibition of inosine monophosphate-dehydrogenase by thyroid hormones in vitro.

Inosine-5 ′-phosphate dehy drogenase catalyzes the first step in the conversion of inosine-5′-phosphate (IMP) to guanosine-5′- phosphate (GMP). This enzyme was isolated from rat liver to determine whether or not it was inhibited by thyroid hormones. Maximum inhibition was observed with 10−9m of 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (l-T3) but the inhibitory effect decreased as the concentration of the hormone increased. The inhibitory effect of l-thyroxine (l-T4) was also a peak at 10−7m. When both hormones were incubated simultaneously with the enzyme (10−9m of l-T3 with 10−7m of l-T4), the inhibitory effect was greater than that due to either hormone alone. d-Thyroxine at 10−9 or 10−7m had no inhibitory effect, but at 10−6m the reaction was stimulated. Certain other analogues, considered to be inactive in vivo, also had a stimulatory effect. Analogues considered to be active in. vivo inhibited the reaction but no maximum was observed with these analogues up to 10−5m. Inosine-5′-phosphate dehy drogenase of rat brai...