cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semiautomated system for three-dimensional modeling of buildings from aerial video

In this paper, a semiautomated system for modeling 3D objects, especially buildings from aerial video, over a semi-urban scene is presented. First, the video frames are preprocessed to minimize the rotational effects of camera motion. The 3D translational coordinates of the sensor are used to stitch the video frames into nadir and stereo mosaics. The features extracted from the stereo mosaics, like elevation, edges and corners, visual entropy, and color information, are employed in a Bayesian framework to identify the 3D objects in the scene, such as buildings and trees. The initial 3D building models are further optimized by projecting them onto individual video frames. A novel method for setting the input parameters of vision algorithms required for feature extraction, using the data-driven probabilistic inference in Bayesian Networks, has been designed. This method automates the 3D object identification process and precludes the need for manual intervention. Improvements that can be used to increase the accuracy of 3D models when Lidar data is fused with aerial video during the object identification process are also discussed.
Vibrational transition moment directions in medium-size molecules: Experiment and theory

Abstract Linear dichroism is observed in the infrared spectra of dimethyl ether, isobutene, 2-butyne, and n-butane dissolved in stretched sheets of ordinary and perdeuterated poly-ethylene. For each observed vibrational band the orientation factor has been determined and related to the transition-moment direction for the vibration, providing information on its symmetry species. For n-butane, the angles of the vibrational transition moment directions in the molecular framework have been derived and compared with the angles calculated at various levels of semiempirical and ab initio theory.
POST-ACTIVATION CHANGES IN EXCITABILITY AND SPONTANEOUS FIRING OF CRUSTACEAN INTERNEURONS.

Abstract 1. 1. Activity has been recorded with intracellular pipettes from central neurons in the intact crayfish, especially from those interneurons which exhibit regular “spontaneous” activity. 2. 2. This paper describes a variety of alterations in excitability and firing pattern which can be induced by a single or repetitive stimuli delivered directly or presynaptically to the recorded cell. 3. 3. The effects include: (1) prolonged after-discharge, (2) long-term enhancement of spontaneous activity, (3) triggering of spontaneous activity in previously silent cells, (4) post-tetanic potentiation of a synaptically mediated test response, and (5) depression of spontaneous activity. The first four effects may have durations ranging from several seconds to minutes.
Differential modulation of repetitive firing and synchronous network activity in neocortical interneurons by inhibition of A-type K+ channels and Ih

GABAergic interneurons provide the main source of inhibition in the neocortex and are important in regulating neocortical network activity. In the presence 4-AP, CNQX and D-APV, large amplitude GABAA-receptor mediated depolarizing responses were observed in the neocortex. GABAergic networks are comprised of several types of interneurons, each with its own protein expression pattern, firing properties, and inhibitory role in network activity. Voltage-gated ion channels, especially A-type K+ channels, differentially regulate passive membrane properties, action potential (AP) waveform, and repetitive firing properties in interneurons depending on their composition and localization. HCN channels are known modulators of pyramidal cell intrinsic excitability and excitatory network activity. Little information is available regarding how HCN channels functionally modulate excitability of individual interneurons and inhibitory networks. In this study, we examined the effect of 4-AP on intrinsic excitability of fast-spiking basket cells (FS-BCs) and Martinotti cells (MCs). 4-AP increased the duration of APs in both FS-BCs and MCs. The repetitive firing properties of MCs were differentially affected compared to FS-BCs. We also examined the effect of Ih inhibition on synchronous GABAergic depolarizations and synaptic integration of depolarizing IPSPs. ZD 7288 enhanced the amplitude and area of evoked GABAergic responses in both cell types. Similarly, the frequency and area of spontaneous GABAergic depolarizations in both FS-BCs and MCs were increased in presence of ZD 7288. Synaptic integration of IPSPs in MCs was significantly enhanced, but remained unaltered in FS-BCs. These results indicate that 4-AP differentially alters the firing properties of interneurons, suggesting MCs and FS-BCs may have unique roles in GABAergic network synchronization. Enhancement of GABAergic network synchronization by ZD 7288 suggests that HCN channels attenuate inhibitory network activity.
Group properties of uxx −umyuyy =f(u)

Abstract The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the named quasilinear equation, for arbitrary m and f where m∈R, m≠0, f∈C 2 (R), f \ ne 0 . From the resulting information, symmetry reduction to ordinary differential equations (ODE) are obtained. Some exact solutions are constructed.
Development and field testing of a mobile backscatter x-ray lateral migration radiography land mine detection system

Lateral migration radiography (LMR), a new form of Compton backscatter x-ray imaging, is applied to the detection and identification of buried land mines. A mobile LMR land mine detection system was developed and field tested. Weight for this initial system was about 175 kg; weight for a prototype should be about 100 kg. X-ray generator power level was 750 watts; the power level requirement for a prototype should be about 300 watts. An innovative rotating collimator for the x-ray source beam was developed to provide rapid side-to-side scanning of the beam without having to move the x-ray generator in this direction. Acquisition of images of a 40 cm by 40 cm area takes from 30 to 60 seconds, depending on the desired resolution. The imaging capabilities of LMR make it well suited for use as a land mine detection confirmation sensor. This system was employed on the vehicular test lanes at Fort A.P. Hill in October, 2001. High quality images were obtained for a variety of buried land mines. The system was also used to scan 30 locations on one of the test lanes where GPR consistently yielded false alarms. In only two cases did the LMR image sets yield a signature that could be considered to possibly indicate a mine.
The genodermatopathology of adnexal tumors.

Several adnexal tumors (e.g., trichoepitheliomas, trichilemmomas, steatocystomas, sebaceous adenomas, and cylindromas) tend to occur as multiple lesions showing autosomal dominant inheritance, sometimes in association with other cutaneous or internal findings. Solitary tumors with the same clinical and histopathologic features are usually trivial non-hereditary lesions. Multiple trichilemmomas are part of Cowden's syndrome, which includes a high incidence of breast cancer in women; multiple sebaceous adenomas and other sebaceous tumors associated with carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract are part of a syndrome that was first delineated by Bakker and Tjon A Joe.
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health-related quality of life in prostate cancer survivors in the health professionals follow-up study

Purpose Many prostate cancer survivors experience compromised health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as a result of prostate cancer. We examined relationships between types and intensities of activity and sedentary behavior and prostate cancer-related HRQOL, overall, and by demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics.
Upper Limit to the Magnetic Moment of He 6

An experiment is described in which an attempt is made to place an upper limit on the nuclear magnetic moment of He/sup 6/. It is concluded that the spin of ths He/sup 6/ nucleus is zero. (W.D.M.)
Structural features of the uniporter/symporter/antiporter superfamily

The uniporter/symporter/antiporter superfamily is an evolutionarily related group of solute transporters. For the entire superfamily, we have used a new predictive program to identify the transmembrane domains. These transmembrane domains were then analyzed with regard to their overall hydrophobicity and amphipathicity. In addition, the lengths of the hydrophilic loops connecting the transmembrane domains were calculated. These data, together with structural information in the literature, were collectively used to produce a general model for the three-dimensional arrangement of the transmembrane domains.
Allograft skin as an adjunct in the repair of radiation-compromised wound.

REPORT OF A CASE A 75-year-old white woman presented with a recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the scalp in 1990. In 1981, she had undergone radiation therapy for a basal cell carcinoma of the left occipitoparietal scalp in the United Kingdom. Radiation dosimetry was unavailable. The recurrent tumor, which measured 5.5×2.0 cm, was surrounded by an 8.0×8.0-cm area of radiation-injured skin. The latter was characterized by atrophy, hypopigmentation, alopecia, and telangiectasia. Preoperative computed tomographic examination of the brain and skull demonstrated encephalomalacia and cortical irregularities of the skull consistent with radiation injury but no tumor involvement (Fig 1). The recurrent tumor was extirpated in three microscopically controlled stages resulting in an 8.0×5.5-cm wound. The periosteum was resected at the center of the wound, leaving exposed the outer table of calvarium. It was anticipated that this small area (3×3 cm) would heal secondarily by perimeter contraction. While granulation tissue developed initially,
915-76 ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels Contribute to Reactive Hyperemia in Humans

Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) of vascular smooth muscle causes hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and vasodilation. The purposes of this study were 1) to determine whether KATP contribute to reactive hyperemia following ischemia in humans, and 2) whether adenosine, a metabolite present in ischemic muscle, activates KATP. Accordingly, we studied the effect of tolbutamide (1 mM), a KATP inhibitor, on reactive hyperemic forearm blood flow in 12 normal subjects. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Forearm ischemia was produced by inflating a blood pressure cuff to suprasystolic pressures for 5 minutes. Following cuff release FBF was measured during the reactive hyperemic phase for 5 minutes. After a re-equilibration period the above protocol was repeated during intra-brachial artery infusion of either tolbutamide 1 mM (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6). Blood flow was plotted vs. time and the area under the curve was calculated after subtracting baseline flow. Tolbutamide did not significantly alter basal FBF (2.5 ± 0.6 to 2.3 ± 1.0 ml/100 ml/min), or peak reactive hyperemic FBF (21.9 ± 9.2 to 22.6 ± 7.2 ml/100 ml/min) (each p = ns). However, tolbutamide significantly attenuated total hyperemic flow repayment; (156 ± 44 vs. 114 ± 32 ml/100 ml, p = 0.02). Vehicle did not impair basal flow, peak reactive hyperemic flow or repayment. Tolbutamide 1 mM did not attenuate adenosine-induced(15-500 mM) increases in FBF (n = 6). These data indicate that KATP contribute to vasodilation during reactive hyperemia in humans. Activation of KATP is not mediated by adenosine.
Tools for investigating peptide–protein interactions: peptide incorporation of environment-sensitive fluorophores via on-resin derivatization

This protocol presents the peptide incorporation of environment-sensitive fluorophores derived from the dimethylaminophthalimide family. The procedure utilizes anhydride precursors of 4-dimethylaminophthalimide (4-DMAP) or 6-dimethylaminonaphthalimide (6-DMN), whose syntheses are described in a related protocol from these authors. In this protocol, the fluorophores are directly incorporated after solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) via on-resin derivatization of peptides prepared using commercially available diamino acids, which are Alloc-protected on the side-chain amino group. The time required to complete the procedure depends on the size and number of peptides targeted. As an alternative to this approach, the corresponding fluorescent amino acids can be obtained in an Fmoc-protected form for convenient use as building blocks in SPPS. This option is described in a related protocol by these authors.
Synthesis and reactivity of (μ-σ,π-acetylide) (μ-alkane- and μ-arene-thiolate)bis(tricarbonyliron) complexes

Abstract The reaction of [Et 3 NH][(μ-CO)(μ-RS)Fe 2 (CO) 6 ] with bromoacetylenes, R 1 CCBr, gives complexes of type (μ-σ,π-CCR 1 )(μ-RS)Fe 2 (CO) 6 in good yield. Reactions of such complexes with Et 2 NH, PhNH 2 , t-BuNH 2 and Ph 3 P involve attack of these nucleophiles at a carbon atom of the CC bond of the R 1 CC ligand.
TTU/GTE‐PREP: An example of corporate industry's impact on a high‐ability programme for pre‐college students

This paper details the immediate results that a corporate gift of $600 000 had on a university summer programme designed for high‐ability pre‐college students.
Advance Resource Provisioning in Bulk Data Scheduling

Today's scientific and business applications generate massive data sets that need to be transferred to remote sites for sharing, processing, and long term storage. Because of increasing data volumes and enhancement in current network technology that provide on-demand high-speed data access between collaborating institutions, data handling and scheduling problems have reached a new scale. In this paper, we present a new data scheduling model with advance resource provisioning, in which data movement operations are defined with earliest start and latest completion times. We analyze time-dependent resource assignment problem, and propose a new methodology to improve the current systems by allowing researchers and higher-level meta-schedulers to use data-placement as-a-service, so they can plan ahead and submit transfer requests in advance. In general, scheduling with time and resource conflicts is NP-hard. We introduce an efficient algorithm to organize multiple requests on the fly, while satisfying users' time and resource constraints. We successfully tested our algorithm in a simple benchmark simulator that we have developed, and demonstrated its performance with initial test results.
The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission to Asteroid 433 Eros: A Milestone in the Study of Asteroids and their Relationship to Meteorites

Abstract A milestone in the study of asteroids occurred on 14 Feb 2000, when the NEAR spacecraft entered orbit around the asteroid 433 Eros for a year of detailed observation of the geology, mineralogy and chemistry of the surface, before landing on the surface on 12 Feb 2001 and conducting the first science on the surface of a small Solar System body. This paper reviews the scientific results of THE NEAR MISSION. Eros is irregularly shaped, can be described by a best fit ellipse measuring 35 by 10.2 by 10.2 km, with a complex surface that includes a global regolith, asymmetrically distributed population of boulders, heavily cratered surface at diameters above 200 m, and grooves and ridges thought to record broad scale tectonic deformation. Significant albedo differences are associated with steeply sloping surfaces, indicating downslope movement of “relatively dark”regolith, leaving behind “fresher”, “less-altered”material. The spectrally-derived mineral compositions and olivine: pyroxene ratio, absence of a global magnetic field, and the Mg/Si, Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios and K concentrations point to a primitive, chondritic body (most likely an ordinary chondrite), while a strong apparently-global depletion in sulfur and lower Fe/Si and Fe/O ratios at the landing site relative to ordinary chondrites are likely due to metal and sulfide migration due to partial melting throughout the entire asteroid or, more likely, through processing of the regolith layer by micrometeorite bombardment, sputtering and/or size/density segregations. Synthesis of the spectral and chemical data suggest the most likely meteoritic analog is either an ordinary chondritic composition that experienced alteration at the surface or less likely a primitive achondrite formed from an ordinary chondritic precursor. The markedly different compositions from the X-ray and gamma-ray experiments can be reconciled with a common silicate mineralogy through variable abundances of metal and/or sulfide. As we begin our detailed exploration of the diverse group of small bodies that make up the asteroid belt, NEAR has provided both a technical and scientific blueprint for the future.
Incestuous child sexual abuse: A review of treatment strategies

Abstract Incestuous child sexual abuse has been recognized by mental health professionals in recent years as a significant problem. This paper reviews various strategies which have been utilized in the treatment of the victim, abuser, or entire family in cases of incest. The approaches reviewed are insight-oriented therapy, behavior therapy, family therapy, and other therapies (including residential treatment and marital therapy). Among conclusions reached from this review are: (1) although behavior therapy has been effective with the abuser, it has not been applied in treatment of the victim; (2) family therapy may be most effective after individual members have been treated; (3) insight-oriented therapy was the only therapy utilized to treat the long-term effects of incest; and (4) a number of authors have recently indicated that the most effective approach to the treatment of incest may be multicomponent treatment packages for the abuser or victim, as well as combinations of interventions (e.g., individual therapy for the victim and abuser, marital therapy, and family therapy).
Endothelin B receptor agonist, IRL 1620, enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of paclitaxel in breast tumor rats.

Pharmacological agents that increase tumor blood flow could be utilized to promote the delivery of anti-cancer drugs. We have demonstrated that administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) to breast tumor bearing rats transiently increased tumor blood flow by stimulating endothelin B (ETB) receptors. The present study evaluated the effect of ETB receptor agonist, IRL 1620, on breast tumor perfusion, concentration of [3H]paclitaxel in tumor and tissues, and efficacy of paclitaxel in N-methyl nitrosourea induced breast tumor bearing rats. Administration of IRL 1620 (3 and 9 nmol/kg) significantly increased (203 and 140%, respectively) breast tumor perfusion. BQ 788, an ETB receptor antagonist, pretreatment completely abolished IRL 1620 induced increase in tumor perfusion. Tumor [3H]paclitaxel concentration was increased by 308% when [3H]paclitaxel was administered 15 min after IRL 1620 (3 nmol/kg) compared to vehicle treated rats. However, IRL 1620 did not increase [3H]paclitaxel concentrations in other organs. Efficacy study showed that paclitaxel (5 mg/kg) administration on every third day for a total of five doses produced 60.0, 4.5 and 0% reduction in tumor volume, tumor progression and complete tumor remission, respectively, compared to saline treated rats. However, paclitaxel (5 mg/kg) when administered 15 min after IRL 1620 (3 nmol/kg) produced 268.9, 210.3 and 20% reduction in tumor volume, tumor progression and complete remission of tumors, respectively, compared to saline treated rats. In conclusion, IRL 1620 significantly enhanced delivery and effectiveness of paclitaxel in an animal model of breast cancer.
Escape response distribution and discriminated avoidance of discontinuous shock

When discontinuous shock is used as the US in a discriminated lever-press escape-avoidance task, a disproportionate number of escape responses are made during on-shock periods. The present study indicates that the response distribution is not due to paced responding. Animals appear to be responding to discrete bursts of shock rather than to the shock series as a whole and for individual Ss, the number of escapes executed to a burst of shock is correlated with avoidance performance during acquisition.
Gender, prejudice, and categorization

In a replication of a study by Taylor and Falcone (“Cognitive Bases of Stereotyping: The Relationship Between Categorization and Prejudice,” Personality and Social Psychology bulletin, 1982, 8, 426–432), subjects (n=161) listened to videotapes of three males and three females in a staged discussion of ways to increase voter turnout. Subjects subsequently attempted to identify which speaker had made each of the suggestions offered during the discussion. In confirmation of Taylor and Falcone, both sexes made significantly more within-sex than cross-sex attribution errors, suggesting the importance of gender in processing information. Subjects also rated the speakers on items reflecting their likability and their competence. Contrary to Taylor and Falcone, no promale prejudice effects were found. Relationships were also determined between the dependent variables and subjects' scores on a measure of sex role attitudes and on the M (instrumentality) and F (expressiveness) scales of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; S. L. Bem, “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42, 155–162) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; J. T. Spence, R. Helmreich, and J. Stapp, “The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A Measurement of Sex-Role Stereotypes and Masculinity-Femininity,” JAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 1974, 4, 143). No Significant BSRI or PAQ effects emerged, thus failing to replicate either the results for within-sex errors reported by Taylor and Falcone or those subsequently reported by Frable and Bem (“If You Are Gender Schematic, All Members of the Opposite Sex Look Alike,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, 49, 459–468).
Country development and the association between parity and overweight.

Parity is associated with overweight and obesity in developed countries and has been related to maternal depletion in poor developing countries. However, the literature from developing countries is limited and may not represent current stages of development. We analyzed data from 50 Demographic and Reproductive Health Surveys conducted between 1992 and 2003. We examined the association between parity (proxied by number of live births) and overweight (body mass index (BMI)⩾25 kg/m2) in relation to level of country wealth and development. The odds ratio (OR) for overweight comparing women with at least four live births to women with one live birth was >1.0 in 38 of the 50 countries studied. The median OR was >1.0 in all regions studied and highest in North Africa/West Asia, where all countries had OR >1.0. Country wealth and development were both positively associated with the ORs. The importance of parity as a predictor of overweight increases with national economic development and wealth. Policy implications might include the development and implementation of programs to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss via dietary change and physical activity, concomitant with exclusive breastfeeding.
The use of tumor markers in testis cancer in the United States: a potential quality issue.

Abstract Background Performance measurement is currently being implemented at various levels to address issues related to quality of care. Administrative data and cancer registries provide a measure of health care delivery (processes) at the population level. In testis cancer, the use of tumor markers is an important component of care and may represent a measurable quality indicator. We analyzed the use of testis cancer tumor markers across the United States. Methods Incident germ cell testis cancer cases between 1998 and 2002 were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Tumor marker codes were categorized as performed and not performed. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent association of demographic and clinical factors with the failure to measure or document tumor markers. Results In 4,742 testis cancer cases, performance of both alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin was recorded in 44.7% of cases, while performance of alpha fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase together occurred in only 16%. Tumor marker use did not increase considerably between 1998 and 2002, and significant variation existed between SEER sites. In multivariable models, disease stage and the interaction between SEER site and year were significantly associated with tumor marker use. Conclusions We have identified low and variable rates of tumor marker use in testis cancer cases recorded in SEER. As pay-for-performance evolves, standardized metrics for recommended processes of care (e.g., measurement of tumor markers in patients with testis cancer) may be tied to reimbursement. In this context, failure to document the use of tumor markers will be interpreted as less than optimal care.
Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Animals: Uses and Limitations

Routine assessment of the skeleton's response to disease and injury traditionally has consisted of plain-film radiography supplemented with advanced imaging techniques, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, and bone densitometry. Although these techniques provide increased sensitivity as compared with radiography, they still are limited by the fact that they can only document the net results of past skeletal activity. In contrast, serum and urinary biomarkers of bone formation and resorption provide near real-time information about bone cell activity. In this review, I describe the scientific rationale behind the use of these markers in humans and detail the efforts that have been made to adapt this technology to veterinary medicine and animal research. Commercial assay kits that are applicable to different animal species are described, and the potential limitations of the technology are discussed. The goal of this review is to provide clinical pathologists and researchers with the information needed to decide whether the use of bone markers is likely to be helpful and to select the most appropriate marker (or panel of markers) to answer a particular question.
The diffuse supernova neutrino flux, supernova rate and SN1987A

Abstract I calculate the diffuse flux of electron antineutrinos from all supernovae using the information on the neutrino spectrum from SN1987A and the information on the rate of supernovae from direct supernova observations. The interval of flux allowed at 99% confidence level is ∼0.05–0.35 cm−2 s−1 above the SuperKamiokande (SK) energy cut of 19.3 MeV. This result is at least a factor of ∼4 smaller than the current SK upper limit of 1.2 cm−2 s−1, thus motivating the experimental efforts to lower the detection energy threshold or to upgrade to higher volumes. A Megaton water Cherenkov detector with ∼90% efficiency would record ∼2–44 inverse beta decay events a year depending on the energy cut.
Should the first course in computational problem solving and programming be student-centered or teacher-centered?

Computational problem solving and programming are foundational skills for engineers. The first undergraduate level course that covers these topics is critical to laying these foundations. As instructors strive to incorporate the spirit of inquiry in their courses, an important question that comes forth is whether the teaching methodology should be student-centered or teacher-centered. This paper adds helpful information in the ongoing debate on this question. The paper reports on the student performance results obtained by teaching two sections (cohorts) of an introductory Computation Lab course sequence. This course sequence aims to teach new engineering students MATLAB scripting and programming in the context of technical problem-solving using mathematical models. Cohort A was taught using a traditional teacher-centered approach, while Cohort B employed an open-ended student-centered approach. Our results indicate that the teacher-centered approach has the potential of creating polarized grade distributions with relatively more A grades in the class compared to the student centered approach. On the other hand, the student-centered approach provided a smoother grade distribution, indicating that a higher number of students demonstrate noticeable progress as compared to the teacher-centered approach.
Docetaxel down-regulates the expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen but not prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer cell lines: implications for PSA surrogacy.

BACKGROUND Docetaxel (DOC) has potent anti-tumor efficacy as a result of promoting microtubule assembly and microtubule bundling thereby impairing mitosis. Knowing that some anti-microtubule agents affect the polarity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression and that androgen ablation can up-regulate PSMA expression, we sought to determine any effect of DOC on PSMA expression in prostate cancer (PC) cell lines as a prelude to a clinical effort. As controls, we also looked at the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). METHODS The effect of DOC on cell viability and PSMA, AR, and PSA expression was examined by flow cytometry and immunoblotting using LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, and MDA-PCa-2b cells. The effect of DOC on PSA levels of LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells was also measured in conditioned media. The effect of DOC was also studied using LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells that were transfected to over-express AR. RESULTS PSMA levels were not affected by DOC treatment. Unexpectedly, we found DOC significantly down-regulated both AR and PSA in a dose-dependent manner in the cell lines studied. Over-expression of AR partially abrogated the cytotoxic effects of DOC. CONCLUSIONS While DOC did not affect PSMA expression, it was unexpectedly found to down-regulate AR and PSA. DOC-induced down-regulation of AR might be one of the anti-tumor mechanisms active in PC. Down-regulation of PSA may account for the significantly higher PSA response rates (45–50%) relative to measurable response rates (8–17%) reported in DOC PC trials and have implications for PSA surrogacy observations derived from DOC trials. Prostate 69: 1579–1585, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Predicting lower limb muscular activity during standing and squatting using spikes of primary motor cortical neurons in monkeys

In this study, we investigated predicting lower limb muscular activities of monkeys during standing and squatting motions using neuronal spikes in primary motor cortex M1. Finite impulse response models were built for prediction. Acute electrode arrays were used to collect neuronal spikes in the lower limb representation area of M1 in the left hemisphere, and electrodes were implanted to the right leg muscles to collect EMG signals. Multiple regions of the lower limb representation area of M1 were explored. The neurons from two common regions demonstrated high predictive power on all 6 investigated right leg EMG signals. This study shows that the cortical neuronal spikes can be used to predict lower limb muscular activities with high accuracy, and identifies regions of high predictive power, where chronic electrodes can be implanted for future brain machine interface applications.
Treatment of enterobiasis with dithiazanine.

1. Twenty patients withE. vermicularis infection received 200 mg. of dithiazanine three times a day after meals for 5 days.E. vermicularis eggs were not demonstrable on 7 consecutive daily Scotch-tape swabs beginning one day after the completion of therapy in 19 of the 20 patients. Only one egg shell on a single swab was demonstrated in the remaining patient and it was considered a contaminant.
Colony-stimulating factor-1 in primary ascites of ovarian cancer is a significant predictor of survival

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether the concentration of colony-stimulating factor in ascites of ovarian carcinoma is a prognostic factor for survival. Study Design: Forty-four ascites samples from patients undergoing primary surgery for ovarian carcinoma were measured for colony-stimulating factor-1 by radioimmunoassay. Retrospective analysis of clinical data allowed comparison of accepted prognostic factors to ascites colony-stimulating factor-1 concentration for impact on survival by means of life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier) by the Wilcoxon test and the Cox regression methods. Results: In patients with advanced disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III and IV, n = 37) ascites colony-stimulating factor-1 concentration levels below a crtical cutoff of 8.59 ng/ml were associated with longer overall survival ( p Conclusion: Colony-stimulating factor-1 in ascites may be an independent indicator of prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Sam68 relocalization into stress granules in response to oxidative stress through complexing with TIA-1.

Sam68 has been implicated in a variety of important cellular processes such as RNA metabolism and intracellular signaling. We have recently shown that Sam68 cytoplasmic mutants induce stress granules (SG) and inhibit HIV-1 nef mRNA translation [J. Henao-Mejia, Y. Liu, I.W. Park, J. Zhang, J. Sanford, J.J. He, Suppression of HIV-1 Nef translation by Sam68 mutant-induced stress granules and nef mRNA sequestration, Mol. Cell 33 (2009) 87–96]. These findings prompted us to investigate the possibility and the underlying mechanisms of the wild-type counterpart Sam68 SG recruitment. Herein, we revealed that Sam68 was significantly recruited into cytoplasmic SG under oxidative stress. We then demonstrated that domain aa269–321 and KH domain were both essential for this recruitment. Nevertheless, Sam68 knockdown had no effects on SG assembly, indicating that Sam68 is not a constitutive component of the SG. Moreover, we showed that Sam68 cytoplasmic mutant-induced SG formation was independent of eIF2α phosphorylation. Lastly, we demonstrated that Sam68 was complexed with T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1), a core SG component, and that the complex formation was correlated with Sam68 SG recruitment. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence for the first time that Sam68 is recruited into SG through complexing with TIA-1 in response to oxidative stress and suggest that cytoplasmic SG recruitment of Sam68 and ensuing changes in Sam68 physiological functions are part of the host response to external stressful conditions.
Cationic influences upon synaptic transmission at the hair cell-afferent fiber synapse of the frog

The concentrations of inorganic cations (K+, Na+, and Ca2+) bathing the isolated frog labyrinth were varied in order to assess their role in influencing and mediating synaptic transmission at the hair cell-afferent fiber synapse. Experiments employed intracellular recordings of synaptic activity from VIIIth nerve afferents. Recordings were digitized continuously at 50 kHz, and excitatory postsynaptic potentials were detected and parameters quantified by computer algorithms. Particular attention was focused on cationic effects upon excitatory postsynaptic potential frequency of occurrence and excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude, in order to discriminate between pre- and postsynaptic actions. Because the small size of afferents preclude long term stable recordings, alterations in cationic concentrations were applied transiently and their peak effects on synaptic activity were assessed. Increases in extracellular K+ concentration of a few millimolar produced a large increase in the frequency of occurrence of excitatory postsynaptic potentials with little change in amplitude, indicating that release of transmitter from the hair cell is tightly coupled to its membrane potential. Increasing extracellular Na+ concentration resulted in an increase in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude with no significant change in excitatory postsynaptic potential frequency of occurrence, suggesting that the transmitter-gated subsynaptic channel conducts Na+ ions. Decreases in extracellular Ca2+ concentration had little effect upon excitatory postsynaptic potential frequency, but increased excitatory postsynaptic potential frequency and amplitude. These findings suggest that at higher concentrations Ca2+ act presynaptically to prevent transmitter release and postsynaptically to prevent Na+ influx during the generation of the excitatory postsynaptic potential. The influences of these ions on synaptic activity at this synapse are remarkably similar to those reported at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. The major differences between these two synapses are the neurotransmitters and the higher resting release rate and higher sensitivity of release to increased K+ concentrations of the hair cells over that of motor nerve terminals. These differences reflect the functional roles of the two synapses: the motor nerve terminal response in an all-or-nothing signal consequent from action potential invasion, while the hair cell releases transmitter in a graded fashion, proportionate to the extent of stereocilial deflection. Despite these differences between the two junctions, the similar actions of these elemental cations upon synaptic function at each implies that these ions may participate similarly in the operations of other synapses, independent of the neurotransmitter type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Language and the basal ganglia

Abstract The belief that the basal ganglia are solely related to motor function has come under attack and no longer appears tenable. In the past few years a number of investigators have suggested that the basal ganglia are, instead, involved in complex sensorimotor functions. Recently, new evidence has indicated a role for the basal ganglia in the processing of language.
Medium effects on the redox properties of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium complexes

Abstract The electrochemisty of the 2,2′-bipyridyl ruthenium complexes [Ru(Bipy) 3 ] n ± has been examined in a series of solvents with varying dielectric constant. The potential separation between the +1/0 and 0/−1 redox steps increases with decreasing solvent polarity and decreasing ionic strength of the supporting electrolyte. Electrochemically generated [Ru(Bipy) 3 ] n (where n = 0 or −1) is kinetically labile in these low oxidation states and capable of reacting with the very high dielectric solvent N -methylacetamide via an E r C i mechanism; k f for the following chemical reaction is 0.31±0.15 s −1 . Relationship is drawn between the dependence of the [Ru(Bipy) 3 ] potentials on solvent dielectric and the effect of local dielectric on protein redox potentials, and comment is made also on the solvent dependence of the potential of the ferricenium/ferrocene couple.
Reliability assessment of COB technology for extreme low temperature environment

Chip-on-board (COB) technology is a viable approach for miniaturization in space electronics. Although COB technology has been widely used in many commercial products, comprehensive and systematic studies are needed for space application. Temperature extremes (-125/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C) that the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) electronics will be exposed to pose challenges in spacecraft electronics design using COB technology. The cyclic nature (1500 cycles) of the temperature environment will further aggravate the condition and introduce accumulation of the damage. Existing military standards for electronics design and test can no longer provide sufficient reliability credits for the electronics exposing to such extremely low temperatures. Potential failures induced by the unique environment of the Mars mission must be assessed to ensure long-term reliability of the electronics, which is crucial for the success of the mission. To understand the root cause of failures of the electronics in the severe Mars temperature environment, fundamental knowledge of material properties and their impact on the electronics are crucial. This paper summarizes a comprehensive study conducted on the COB technology that will be used in the MSL motor controller electronics. An extensive test matrix is designed and developed, and thermal cycle tests (-125/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C) are conducted to identify the failure mechanisms in the extreme temperature environment on Mars. Relevant materials are tested to and beyond the -125/spl deg/C limit for their properties and application feasibilities. Failures observed during the thermal cycle test, failure mechanism identifications, as well as test results will be presented in this paper. The overall objective of this study is to identify potential failure mechanisms and assess reliability of the COB technology, to ensure survivability and functionality of the electronics through the Mars mission.
Functional domains of GABAA receptors

Abstract The transmitter-gated ion channels mediate rapid synaptic transmission, for example, at the neuromuscular junction using acetylcholine and in the CNS using primarily the amino acids glutamate and GABA. GABA A -receptor Cl − channels share sequence homology with a superfamily of these channels including nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and inhibitory glycine receptor. In this article, Geoffrey Smith and Richard Olsen discuss recent affinity labelling and sitedirected mutagenesis studies on GABA A receptors that have identified amino acid residues essential for binding of agonists and allosteric modulators as well as the ion channel wall formation. The structural domains identified are consistent with results obtained with other members of the transmitter-gated ion channel superfamily and suggest that structural models for one member of the family may apply to the others as well.
A new aetosaur (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, U.S.A., and its implications for early aetosaur evolution

Aetosaurs are an extinct clade of quadrupedal, heavily armored archosaurs that had a worldwide distribution during the Late Triassic. Aetosaur fossils from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation in the Deep River Basin of North Carolina (U.S.A.) consist primarily of isolated osteoderms and, rarely, more associated material. Here we describe a new genus and species, Gorgetosuchus pekinensis, based on an associated incomplete anterior carapace, consisting of a total of 19 nearly complete paramedian and lateral osteoderms from the first 10 rows of armor as well as some associated fragments. An important feature of Gorgetosuchus is that an articulated fifth row of cervical osteoderms almost encloses the neck, with prominent spines on both the dorsal and lateral osteoderms. This is a novel configuration among aetosaurs. Otherwise, NCSM 21723 preserves a mosaic of character states found in Longosuchus, Lucasuchus, or both taxa while simultaneously preserving several more plesiomorphic character states, such as cervical osteoderms that are wider than long. Our reevaluation of other Pekin Formation specimens that various authors have assigned to Desmatosuchus, Longosuchus, or Lucasuchus confirms that some possess characteristics of Lucasuchus, whereas others are not generically determinate. Incorporating Gorgetosuchus into existing phylogenies of aetosaurs results in a reshuffling of basal aetosaur relationships, but a variety of analyses consistently place Gorgetosuchus as a basal desmatosuchine. Using current taxonomic practices, there are at least three aetosaur genera in the Pekin Formation: Lucasuchus, Coahomasuchus, and Gorgetosuchus.
Some factors in the recognition of tachistoscopically presented alphabetical arrays.

-Six-letter nonsense arrays, constructed from a 12-letter population which was not made known to 20 Ss, were tachistoscopically shown successively in the right visual field (RVF) and left visual field (LVF) at three displacements from a central fixation point. Recognition scores were higher for stimuli in the RVF at each displacement. In each case RVF superiority was limited to letters in the first array-half (letters 1, 2, 3 ) . These results agree with prior findings obtained with targets made up of six letters known to S (Fudin, 1969). Reportability of a tachistoscopically exposed letter, in part, is a function of the relationship between its retinal location and the delay before it is scanned. Location determines the amount of information a letter contains before i t starts to fade-out (the more acute the area, the greater the information), delay determines the period of information dissipation prior to scanning. These ideas were used to explain the contrast between high error scores for middlearray letters in the bow-shaped error curves found in this experiment and the low values often reported for these letters when targets are shown across fixation, and the finding that the difference between error scores for letters in the first and second array-halves was greater for targets at each displacement in the right than the left visual field.
Infanticide by a male spectral tarsier (Tarsius spectrum)

As part of a long-term field study on the behavioral ecology and conservation of a population of spectral tarsiers (Tarsius spectrum) in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia, I observed the first known instance of infanticide in this species. A young infant was killed by a neighboring male. Neither the epiphenomenal aggression hypothesis, social pathology hypothesis, nutritive benefits of cannibalism hypothesis, nor sexual selection hypothesis are supported by this observation. The only hypothesis that could not be rejected outright, on the basis of this single observation, was the competition for limited resources hypothesis.
REGULATORY MECHANISM OF VOICE INTENSITY VARIATION.

The relationship between the voice intensity (sound pressure level), the subglottic pressure, the air flow rate, and the glottal resistance was investigated. Simultaneous recordings were made of th...
Becoming an independent entrepreneur in the informal sector of northern Cote d'ivoire: What role can primary schooling play?

Abstract With under 20% of grade 6 graduates in Cote d'Ivoire proceeding to secondary school, the informal economic sector serves as a critical sector for their employment. A study of this sector reveals a general, fundamental set of skills, knowledge and attitudes required to learn and master the different vocational trades. Further, while these characteristics clearly have a basis in academic topics, the utility of school-acquired mathematics, reading, sciences, etc. in these trades is greatly limited by their typically theoretical, rote transmission. More practice-based instruction in primary school should improve both work performance and future learning, both formal and informal.
The glycogen content of the tissues of diabetic animals and the influence of adrenalin thereon

ConclusionsI. Diabetic dogs contain glycogen in their muscles to the extent of 0.150 per cent. even after seven days of fasting and diabetes; residual glycogen.II. This glycogen can be completely driven out by means of adrenalin.III. Deglycogenized diabetic animals even during a period of prolonged fasting and diabetes are capable of reforming their lost residual glycogen.IV. Failure on the part of an animal to show extra glucose elimination during the period of deglycogenization does not mean that the substance is not glucogenetic.V. The conclusions of Sansum and Woodyatt that acetaldehyde is not glucogenetic nor antiketogenetic are objected to as in valid.