cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of a wireless electronic health records system for field care in mass casualty settings

Background There is growing interest in the use of technology to enhance the tracking and quality of clinical information available for patients in disaster settings. This paper describes the design and evaluation of the Wireless Internet Information System for Medical Response in Disasters (WIISARD). Materials and methods WIISARD combined advanced networking technology with electronic triage tags that reported victims’ position and recorded medical information, with wireless pulse-oximeters that monitored patient vital signs, and a wireless electronic medical record (EMR) for disaster care. The EMR system included WiFi handheld devices with barcode scanners (used by front-line responders) and computer tablets with role-tailored software (used by managers of the triage, treatment, transport and medical communications teams). An additional software system provided situational awareness for the incident commander. The WIISARD system was evaluated in a large-scale simulation exercise designed for training first responders. A randomized trial was overlaid on this exercise with 100 simulated victims, 50 in a control pathway (paper-based), and 50 in completely electronic WIISARD pathway. All patients in the electronic pathway were cared for within the WIISARD system without paperbased workarounds. Results WIISARD reduced the rate of the missing and/or duplicated patient identifiers (0% vs 47%, p<0.001). The total time of the field was nearly identical (38:20 vs 38:23, IQR 26:53e1:05:32 vs 18:55e57:22). Conclusion Overall, the results of WIISARD show that wireless EMR systems for care of the victims of disasters would be complex to develop but potentially feasible to build and deploy, and likely to improve the quality of information available for the delivery of care during disasters.
Celebrities and Media Literacy: Satirical News and Critical Thinking About Politics

A survey of college students (N=721) performed the week prior to the November 2012 United States’ presidential election investigated the relationship of exposure to The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report to students’ levels of media literacy - represented by critical thinking toward message content and information efficacy - and to their efficacy for voting. The results indicated that viewing of the two programs was highly correlated and associated with higher levels of critical thinking, which predicted information efficacy. Information efficacy predicted external self efficacy for political participation. No direct link existed between viewing and self efficacy, suggesting that the programs' effects on efficacy operated through critical thinking and its effects on information efficacy. The results suggest that the use of satirical news sources can enhance young adults’ engagement in the political process.
Culture, Development and Self: The Work of Robert A. LeVine.

As indicated in my note in CMP 38(4), Professor LeVine is widely known for his work on the cultural dimensions of childhood and parenting across several continents. More recent work links maternal schooling with child health in Nepal. Dr. LeVine is an education and psychological/psychiatric (analytic) anthropologist and specialist in human development. As is the custom now for those honored by CMP, an accounting of Dr. LeVine’s work is here presented in this the final CMP number of the year, i.e., volume 39, number 4. Born in New York City, Dr. LeVine was educated at the University of Chicago (BA in 1951, MA 1953). He took his PhD in Social Anthropology from Harvard in 1958. He returned for psychoanalytic training to Chicago, where he earned a Certificate from the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis in 1971.
Effect of NH Acidity on Transfer Hydrogenation of Noyori–Ikariya Catalyst

Effect of NH acidity on transfer hydrogenation of Noyori–Ikariya catalyst RuH(TsDPEN)(p-cymene) has been studied based on a series of tosylated ethylenediamine ligands (TsEN–Ph-X). Initial rates studies in both 2-propanol and 5:2 formic acid/triethylamine azeotrope show that catalysts containing less acidic NH groups afford better catalytic reactivities. The correlation of catalytic reactivities with the pKas of the NH groups shows a linear pattern in 2-propanol but a concave downwards relationship in azeotrope. These results lead to better understanding of the mechanism of Noyori–Ikariya’s catalyst and also aid in designing superior catalysts.
Abstract 2048: Phosphorylation and regulation of PTEN by Polo-like kinase 1

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The tumor suppressor PTEN plays a critical role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenisis. Deregulated expression and/or activities frequently result in tumor development. Several recent studies have revealed that PTEN also localizes to the nucleus and that nuclear PTEN may regulate the level and activity of mitotic checkpoint proteins, thus suppressing chromosomal instability during cell division. However, the mechanism by which PTEN is translocated to the nucleus remains unclear. Given that PTEN is heavily phosphorylated and that Plk1 is an important mitotic kinase, we have asked whether Plk1 directly phosphorylates PTEN and whether Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of PTEN functions as an important regulatory mechanism during cell division. Here we report that a significant fraction of PTEN localized to nuclear chromatin. The chromatin association of PTEN was enhanced during mitosis, which was correlated with an increase in PTEN phosphorylation at threonine 366 (T366) and serine 370 (S370). Using purified recombinant proteins, we demonsatrated that Plk1 was at least partly responsible for this phosphorylation. Plk1 strongly catalyzed the incorporation of 32P into PTEN, resulting in increased signals detected by a phospho-specific antibody that recognized T366/S370 phosphorylation. Furthermore, BI-2536, a potent Plk1 inhibitor, significantly blocked PTEN phosphorylation by Plk1 in vitro, as well as its chromatin association in vivo. Combined, these results strongly suggest that Plk1 phosphorylates PTEN at T366 and/or S370 and that this phosphorylation promotes its association with chromatin during the cell cycle. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2048. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2048
Immortal Bits: Managing Our Digital Legacies

An Ulster University student designed a website to help manage and deliver digital assets after death.
Tuning the Electrochemical Reactivity of Boron- and Nitrogen-Substituted Graphene

The structural modification of nanomaterials at the atomic level has the potential to generate tailor-made components with enhanced performance for a variety of tasks. The chemical versatility of graphene has been constantly employed to fabricate multi-functional doped 2D materials with applications encompassing energy storage and electrocatalysis. Despite the many reports on boron- and nitrogen-doped graphenes, the possible synergy that arises from combining these electronically complementary elements has yet to be fully understood and explored. The techniques used for the fabrication of these nanomaterials are reviewed, along with the most recent reports on the benefits of B, N singly doping and co-doping in the electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reactions and for energy storage in supercapacitors and lithium secondary batteries. The investigation of bulk co-doped materials has intrinsic limitations in fully understanding the real role of heteroatoms in the above applications. Ultimately, the design and creation of substituted monolayers with controlled compositions might hold the key for carbon-based energy-related applications.
Intermolecular Oxonium Ylide Mediated Synthesis of Medium-Sized Oxacycles

Detailed in this account are our efforts toward efficient oxacycle syntheses. Two complementary approaches are discussed, with both employing chemoselective allyl ether activation and rearrangement as the key step. Vinyl substituted oxiranes and oxetanes provide a single step access to dihydropyrans and tetrahydrooxepines. Oxiranes proved to be poor substrates, while oxetanes were slightly better. An alternative approach using substituted allyl ethers proved successful and addressed the limitations encountered in the ring expansions.
In situ synthesis of graphene molecules on TiO2: application in sensitized solar cells.

We present a method for preparation of graphene molecules (GMs), whereby a polyphenylene precursor functionalized with surface anchoring groups, preadsorbed on surface of TiO2, is oxidatively dehydrogenated in situ via a Scholl reaction. The reaction, performed at ambient conditions, yields surface adsorbed GMs structurally and electronically equivalent to those synthesized in solution. The new synthetic approach reduces the challenges associated with the tendency of GMs to aggregate and provides a convenient path for integration of GMs into optoelectronic applications. The surface synthesized GMs can be effectively reduced or oxidized via an interfacial charge transfer and can also function as sensitizers for metal oxides in light harvesting applications. Sensitized solar cells (SSCs) prepared from mesoscopic TiO2/GM films and an iodide-based liquid electrolyte show photocurrents of ∼2.5 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of ∼0.55 V and fill factor of ∼0.65 under AM 1.5 illumination. The observed power conv...
Teacher vs. the machine: The headline battle of Atlantic City

T H E TEACHING MACHINE received its public baptism by fire in the press, coverage of the 1961 Atlantic City National Education Association convention. Reporters covering the convention remarked afterward that the time was ripe; there had been enough public awareness, curiosity, and apprehension, they thought, to create a receptive mood. They cited federal aid, foundations "pouring large sums of money" into technological developments in education, and "teaching machines" being "peddled door-to-door" as reasons for an undercurrent of anxiety. A study of the coverage of the convention in the daily press found that only federal aid and a resolution on desegregation attracted more newspaper space and headline attention than did the issue of communication technologies in education. The challenge of teaching machines inspired more editorials than did any other issue at the convention? It may have been more than a general mood of apprehension and receptivity, coupled with a nose for news, that made teaching machines (in the view of some reporters) "the most significant new story to come out of the convention." The NEA convention's over-all message to the nation was that broad planning and vigorous action were needed to relieve national inequalities and shortages in many areas of educational opportunity and quality. An analysis of the complete file of daily newspaper clippings (over 2,000 stories printed in a combined circulation of 127 million copies) indicated that the general pattern of press coverage precluded
Early Secreted Antigenic Target of 6 kDa of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stimulates Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production by Macrophages and Its Regulation by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Interleukin-4.

Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6), the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects host immunity and the formation of granulomas likely through inflammatory cytokines. To understand its role in this regard further, we investigated the effect of ESAT-6 on macrophages by determining the production of macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a major chemokine associated with tuberculosis pathogenesis, by murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and its regulation by protein kinases and cytokines. The results revealed that ESAT-6, but not Ag85A and culture filtrate protein 10 kDa (CFP10), induced MCP-1 production by BMDMs dose and time dependently. Inhibition of p38 but not other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and PI3K further enhanced ESAT-6-induced MCP-1 production by BMDMs. Inhibition of p38 MAPK enhanced ESAT-6-induced MCP-1 mRNA accumulation without affecting mRNA stability. ESAT-6 also induced TNF-α from BMDMs and MCP-1 from mouse lung epithelial cells, and these were suppressed by p38 MAPK inhibition, implying cytokine- and cell-specific effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on ESAT-6-induced MCP-1 by macrophages. Pretreatment of BMDMs with IL-4, but not other cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1α) further elevated ESAT-6-stimulated MCP-1 production although IL-4 did not induce MCP-1 without ESAT-6. Both p38 MAPK inhibitor and IL-4 did not show additive effect on ESAT-6-induced MCP-1 protein level despite such effect on MCP-1 mRNA level was evident. In conclusion, these results indicate a specific role for both p38 MAPK and IL-4 in ESAT-6-induced MCP-1 production by macrophages and suggest a pathway with significance in tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Steady-State Conduction

After the initial mug heating phase when hot coffee is poured into a ceramic mug, the coffee and mug gradually cool together. During this time, the rate of heat transfer from the coffee to the inner wall of the mug is approximately equal to the rate of heat transfer from the outer wall to ambient. That near balance defines a quasi-steady state situation for the mug itself, and is why the lumping of its capacity with the coffee is reasonable. For problems that are steady-state in nature (or quasi-steady state), a transient model can be developed and then run to equilibrium to obtain the steady-state solution. However, it is possible to solve directly for the steady-state solution, which involves somewhat different mathematics to execute. Methods for doing so were initiated in the previous chapter on fins, and elaborated on in this chapter. Furthermore, the mathematics involved is similar to that required to execute a step forward using an implicit transient solution. The method is first developed and applied to the mug of coffee, and then to a classic 2D problem. Extension to 3D is straightforward.
The digital compression facility/spl minus/a solution to today's compression needs

Compression of motion video and hi-fidelity audio for real-time playback targeted at a number of different playback platforms has entered the domain of big business. The choice of architectures for this compression is varied. The most versatile solution for compression uses a general-purpose supercomputer-class computer. This choice allows for the highest quality moving pictures expert group (MPEG) compression by providing the mechanisms for processing of video and audio to follow any number of tunable, user-definable, customizable and computationally expensive operations. >
Using the Dead to Teach the Living: Making the Classroom Come Alive With Obituaries

The American Psychologist did not regularly publish the obituaries of prominent psychologists until 1979. The objective of the obituary section was not to canonize the deceased, but rather to respo...
Computationally efficient template-based face recognition

Classically, face recognition depends on computing the similarity (or distance) between a pair of face images and/or their respective representations, where each subject is represented by one image. Template-based face recognition was introduced by the release of IARPA's Janus Benchmark-A (IJB-A) dataset, in which each enrolled subject is represented by a group of one or more images, called a template. The group of images comprising a template might have been acquired using different head poses, illuminations, ages and facial expressions. Template images could come from still images or video frames. Therefore, measuring the similarity between templates representing two subjects significantly increases the number of pairwise image comparisons (i.e., O(NM), where N and M are the number of image templates being compared). As the number of enrolled subjects, K, increases, both computational and space requirements become computationally prohibitive. To address this challenge, we present a novel approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) search-based solution. Given a query template, ANN methods are used to find similar face images. Retrieved images are used to construct a template pool that is used to find the correct identity of the query subject. The proposed approach largely reduces the number of imposter template-pair comparisons. Experimental results on the IJB-A dataset show that the proposed approach achieves significant speed-up and storage savings, without sacrificing accuracy.
Information Communication Technology (ICT) use among PLHIV in China: A promising but underutilized venue for HIV prevention and care

Abstract In this paper, we report the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Guangxi, China. A total 2987 participants were recruited from 12 sites with the highest number of cumulative HIV incidence, including 2 cities and 10 counties. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the participants’ social demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, infections and coinfections, pattern of ICT use, and use and intention of using ICT in HIV and AIDS management. The data was analyzed using SPSS, version 24. The results showed 78.7% (n = 2347) never used a computer, 86.9% (n = 2587) had a cellphone, 32.7% (n = 207) owned an email account, and 85.4% (n = 544) owned a social media account. Less than half of the participants reported ever using ICTs for HIV management. Only 26.2% (n = 266) were willing to join a web-based HIV prevention program. Findings of this study suggest that there was an imbalance in the participants’ ICT device ownership and choices of media platform. Social media appeared to be a potential platform for health intervention among this group. There was a low penetration of computer use among rural participants and a large disparity between the urban and rural participants, which indicated a need to expand the current infrastructure related to ICTs and increase people’s health literacy. Future research also needs to pay attention to security and trustworthiness of the intervention program to better promote ICTs as an efficient and reliable platform for HIV prevention and care.
Feasibility of using digital image correlation for unmanned aerial vehicle structural health monitoring of bridges

Quantifying the condition of aging structures is important to verify structural integrity and long-term reliability. Structural health monitoring plays a key role in the prevention of catastrophic ...
Experimental Path Following of Unstable Static Equilibria for Snap-Through Buckling

Understanding the potential energy surface of bistable systems is critical for predicting dynamic snap-through response. Static equilibria create peaks, valleys, and saddle points, guiding a beam or plate through its vibration. Numerical methods allow detailed study of these points, but experimental work has been more limited in scope. Unstable equilibria are not possible to observe with current experimental methods. This paper presents the design and implementation of a control system and testing apparatus able to stabilize unstable equilibria and follow unstable equilibrium paths. The results for a buckled beam with a point load at midspan are presented.
The Positive and Normative Puzzle of Decision Rules for Juries: The Example of Decision Rules for Civil Litigation in State Courts

All of the decision rules for juries in state courts, deciding civil cases, are what may be characterized as “two way” rules. Whatever consensus is required to secure a favorable verdict applies to all parties to the litigation. The governing decision rule varies from 2/3 in three states, 1 to a supermajority of 5/6 2 or 3/4 3 in a majority of states, to unanimity in a minority of states. 4 Thus, in the usual twelve person jury, in the various states, from eight to twelve jurors must concur for a verdict to be returned. If neither side is supported by a sufficient number of jurors to satisfy the decision rule, the jury “hangs”: No verdict is rendered and the case may be retried one or more times. This paper addresses two interrelated questions: 1) What is the normative theory that does (or should) determine the choice of a decision rule; and 2) How do jurors behave when their sincere individual preferences are so divided that the decision rule cannot be satisfied if each juror votes in accordance with her view as to what outcome is the correct one?
Early Wasatchian Mammals From the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications

The Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age (or NALMA) corresponds to an interval spanning approximately 55.5–50.5 million years before the present (Prothero, 1995; Clyde et al., 1997). The Wasatchian fossil record is among the richest of any NALMA, being documented by abundant vertebrate remains throughout most of its duration (Krishtalka et al., 1987; Gingerich, 1989; Bown et al., 1994). This stratigraphically dense record of Wasatchian vertebrates owes its existence to Laramide tectonics, which provided ideal depositional settings for the accumulation and rapid burial of vertebrate remains of this age along much of the Rocky Mountain Cordillera. As a result, however, the fossil record of Wasatchian vertebrates is strongly biased geographically. Abundant samples of Wasatchian vertebrates from intermontane basins of the Rocky Mountain region, particularly in Wyoming, stand in sharp contrast to the paucity of similar data from other parts of the North American craton (Figure 1). Vertebrate faunas of Wasatchian age are known from only a few areas outside of the Rocky Mountain region: the Big Bend region of west Texas (Wilson, 1967), Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands in the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Dawson et al., 1976, Dawson et al., 1993; Estes and Hutchison, 1980; McKenna, 1980), Baja California, Mexico (Novacek et al., 1991), Stafford County, Virginia (Rose, 1999) and Lauderdale County, Mississippi. Here, we provide the first substantial information regarding the Wasatchian mammals from the latter area.
Self-timed DRAM data interface

A DRAM communicates with a processing unit via two interfaces: a data interface and a command interface. In today’s DRAMs, also known as synchronous DRAMs (SDRAMs), both interfaces use a clock to communicate with the processing unit. The clock times the communication between the processing unit and the SDRAM on both the data interface and the command interface. We propose a self-timed DRAM. The self-timed DRAM introduces more flexibility into the DRAM interface by eliminating the clock. The command interface and the data interface each communicate with the processing unit using a handshake protocol rather than a clock. This thesis presents the data interface between the self-timed DRAM and the processing unit. The proposed data interface is self-timed. The self-timed data interface allows the DRAM to deliver data to or accept data from the processing unit as the processing unit demands rather than on a schedule set from the command interface. The self-timed data interface is designed using GasP circuits and micropipeline circuits. The design is simulated in 180nm CMOs process technology using hspice. This thesis presents the effects of width mismatch on the self-timed data interface. The micropipeline is slightly faster than the GasP. Also, the thesis compares the self-timed DRAM data interface with synchronous DRAM for the data burst rate.
Political Science(s) and the HIV Epidemic: A Critical Analysis

The academic discipline of political science has substantially addressed the politics and policy of the HIV/AIDS epidemic over the last two decades, but the epidemic has not become a full-fledged research agenda of its own, instead fitting HIV into. I analyze and group the extant research into four research programs. I suggest some future directions that political science may take, so as to further investigation of the empirical problem of HIV/AIDS, as well as to meet the disciplinary imperative to advance more general theories and explanations of political phenomena.
STAR results on local strong P/CP violation at RHIC

It has been proposed for some time now that local parity violation may occur in heavy-ion collisions. Recent theoretical work has suggested a mechanism by which this would lead to electromagnetic charge separation along the collision angular momentum vector. We review STAR measurements of a correlator which is directly sensitive to this effect and shows a significant signal in Au+Au and Cu+Cu 200 GeV collisions which agrees qualitatively with many of the features of the proposed parity violation. This correlator is parity even and is therefore susceptible to various backgrounds; we discuss and show event-generator model estimates for these.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Distributed Database Applications

Today’s water managers face a world where competing interests and demand for limited resources have raised public awareness on water management. Environmental concerns, complex allocation and supply issues have required water managers to collect and interpret more data than has been heretofore required historically. The necessity for high quality data has resulted in the need for standardized collection methods, quality assurance/quality control programs, and adequate training. Assessing trends through historical data has demonstrated the need for metadata (data about data) for comparability.
Predicting Surgical Complications in Adult Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Machine Learning.

OBJECTIVE Machine learning algorithms excel at leveraging big data to identify complex patterns that can be used to aid in clinical decision-making. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the performance of machine learning models in predicting postoperative complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS Artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest decision tree (RF) models were trained on a multicenter data set of patients undergoing ACDF to predict surgical complications based on readily available patient data. Following training, these models were compared to the predictive capability of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification. RESULTS A total of 20,879 patients were identified as having undergone ACDF. Following exclusion criteria, patients were divided into 14,615 patients for training and 6,264 for testing data sets. ANN and LR consistently outperformed ASA physical status classification in predicting every complication (p < 0.05). The ANN outperformed LR in predicting venous thromboembolism, wound complication, and mortality (p < 0.05). The SVM and RF models were no better than random chance at predicting any of the postoperative complications (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION ANN and LR algorithms outperform ASA physical status classification for predicting individual postoperative complications. Additionally, neural networks have greater sensitivity than LR when predicting mortality and wound complications. With the growing size of medical data, the training of machine learning on these large datasets promises to improve risk prognostication, with the ability of continuously learning making them excellent tools in complex clinical scenarios.
A Methodology for distributed Co-design and Coextraction of Die Re-distribution Layer and Package

A complete methodology for distributed co-design and co-analysis of Die Re-distribution layer with the package is developed and presented. A test chip is designed in a generic 65nm process with six metal layers out of which 3 layers of RDL have been exported to a Package design tool and placed on top of a four-layer flip-chip package. After successfully co-designing the RDL routes and bumps in conjunction with package routes, the three RDL layers were exported back to the IC design environment for final sanity checks. An S-parameter extraction on the combined geometry including RDL layers and Package layers is then carried out in an EM solver. It is shown that combined geometry s-parameter extraction on signal net was able to capture the resonance due to RDL and Package layer coupling at 1.9GHz as compared to when extraction was carried out only on Package geometry.
Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis and Opportunities for Personalized Cancer Medicine

Abstract Recent advances in sequencing technologies and molecular methods have enabled great strides in personalized oncology. Molecular features of cancer, in addition to anatomic and histological characteristics, are used to predict treatment efficacy and to identify drivers of primary resistance. This requires genomic analysis of tumor biopsies obtained at the time of enrollment in clinical trials. For patients who progress on treatment, genomic analysis of repeated tumor biopsies can generate useful insights into drivers of secondary resistance and yield hypotheses for further therapeutic development. However, requiring preenrollment or repeat biopsies often limits accrual and significantly adds costs for clinical trials. In many cases, archival tumor specimens, collected at diagnosis and prior to previous therapies, are analyzed and used to select treatments or to determine trial eligibility. Archival samples fail to capture spatial tumor heterogeneity (differences between the biopsy site and other metastatic deposits) as well as temporal clonal evolution (changes in the tumor due to intervening treatments). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis offers an alternative, less invasive approach to overcome these challenges. In this chapter, we describe current and potential applications of ctDNA analysis to match patients with therapies, characterize tumors, and monitor treatment response in advanced metastatic cancers. In addition, we highlight how ctDNA analysis could enable treatment monitoring in patients with early-stage disease and we describe challenges and opportunities in the field.
Evolution of carbonate and karst critical zones

Abstract Carbonate terrains (CT) underlie one-fifth of terrestrial, ice-free land and are an important supply of potable water to the world's population, and yet processes endemic to CT critical zones (CZ) and responses of these processes to climatic and anthropogenic pressures are not well understood. Given the rapid dissolution rates and ability to generate well-developed networks of secondary porosity these landscapes can be highly sensitive to impacts from climate change (e.g., modifications of temperature, precipitation, sea level) and human disturbance (e.g., water withdrawal/diversions, changes in land use/land cover). This special issue includes 16 papers focused on CT-CZ processes and potential responses to climatic and human perturbations. Five major themes emerge from these papers, namely: (1) anthropogenic climate and land use changes alter CT-CZ weathering rate and diagenesis, (2) metal and carbon fluxes in CT-CZ will respond to increasing hydrologic variance caused by climate change, (3) endogenous and exogenous processes operating over short time periods (
EXPERIMENTAL CHARGE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN METAL-METAL AND METAL-LIGAND BONDS

Abstract Experimental charge densities on distorted octahedral and tetrahedral transition metal complexes show charge density accumulation in directions away from ligand atoms. The maps are analyzed quantitatively in terms of orbital occupancies and show evidence for partially covalent bonding in FeS 2 . Metal-metal bonding studies show broad areas of excess density in strong metal-metal bonds, but absence of deformation density in weak bonds. Agreement with abinitio theoretical calculations is good at a qualitative level.
High-speed Electrical Modulator in High-Index-Contrast (HIC) Si-

A CMOS-compatible Mach-Zehnder modulator based on strongly forward biased PIN- diodes is proposed, resulting in small signal modulation bandwidths beyond 20GHz, a figure of merit of VπL = 0.5V·cm and an insertion loss of about 4dB.
Exploring Opportunities for Household-Level Chronic Care Management Using Linked Electronic Health Records of Adults and Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Linking electronic health records (EHR) of pediatric and adult patients living in the same household has the potential to improve chronic care management efficiencies by facilitating the delivery of services to multiple household members at once. However, little is known about relationship between the chronic medical (CM) and behavioral health (CBH) of adults and children living in common households. EHR data for children were linked to the EHR data of adults living at the same address during the same time in a retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2014 to evaluate associations between adult and child CM and CBH conditions within a Boston safety-net primary care patient sample. Of the 13,845 included children, 61.6% lived with at least one adult with ≥ 1 CM or CBH condition. Compared to children living with an adult(s) without a chronic condition, children living with an adult with a CM or CBH condition had a respective 16.2% and 18.1% increased likelihood of having a chronic condition themselves, with multiple adult chronic conditions in adults increasing children’s likelihood. We found a positive association between the chronic diseases of adult and child household members. Given the clustering of child and adult chronic disease within households, using EHR data to support the care management needs of multiple members of households may be a promising approach to improving child and adult health in safety-net settings.
The Black Void

This chapter discusses the production history, audience response, and broader cultural context of Lewis Milestone’s film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930). This movie, which won the Academy Award for Best Production, was both a major financial success and cultural moment in the remembrance of the Great War. I discuss the movie as an example of what I term “The Black Void”, a nihilistic view of the conflict that became the dominant framework of the war in cinema afterwards. Audience reaction in both the United States and the United Kingdom are contextualized.
Enhancing Resource Provisioning Across Edge-based Environments

As more computing operations shift from the cloud to edge environments, the need for reliable and efficient resource allocation becomes inevitable. Unlike the cloud, edge computing environments often are equipped with limited computational capabilities which makes the task allocation process time consuming and challenging. When allocating resources, it is imperative to consider multi-criteria based on a number of factors including task requirements and the availability of existing edge-based computational capabilities. To this extent, we consider the resource allocation process across edge environments as an optimization problem that can be solved using multi-criteria decision analysis methods (MCDA). In this paper, we present an extension to our Edgify dynamic resource provisioning model that incorporates the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for enhancing the decision making when provisioning edge-based resources across distributed edge or fog environments. We evaluate our proposed Edgify solution through multiple experiments which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed decision-making optimization approach.
44 Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Participants in a Longitudinal Study of Burn Outcomes

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on healthcare and society at large There are limited data on the impact of the pandemic on the long-term recovery of the burn survivor This study aims to compare physical and psychosocial outcomes of the burn survivor population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods Data from the Burn Model System National Database (2015-present) were analyzed Data were divided into pre- and during-pandemic groups (before and after March 1st, 2020) Outcomes were compared at four cross-sectional time points: 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after burn injury The following patient reported outcome measures were examined: SF-12 Health Survey, PROMIS-29, Post-Traumatic Growth Indicator, Community Integration Questionnaire, Patient Civilian Checklist, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Burn Specific Health Scale, NeuroQOL Stigma, 4-D Itch, and CAGE Questionnaire (drug/alcohol misuse) Given the cross-sectional design, potential differences in clinical and demographic characteristics were examined for each group at each time point Adjusted mean outcome scores at each time point were compared between groups using a two stage multi-variable regression model with propensity score matching For each time point, subjects from each group were matched The propensity score was calculated using the following matching variables: gender, age, race, ethnicity, etiology, length of stay, and burn size The mean score difference of outcomes within each matched sample was examined Results Sample sizes varied by time point with a range from 420 at 6 months to 94 at 60 months The during-COVID group comprised 10% of the total sample size There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups at any time point There were no significant differences between the groups in adjusted mean outcome scores across the different time points Conclusions This preliminary examination showed no differences in myriad long-term outcomes at multiple time points after injury among burn survivors before and during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic The results may suggest an element of resilience, however given the sample size and cross-sectional limitations further investigation is required to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the burn population
Graft healing does not influence subjective outcomes and shoulder kinematics after superior capsule reconstruction: a prospective in vivo kinematic study.

Background A viable treatment option for young patients with massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears is arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). SCR theoretically improves shoulder stability and function and decreases pain. However, no prospective studies to date have correlated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) healing with in vivo kinematic data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between graft healing and in vivo kinematics, range of motion (ROM), strength, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods Ten patients (8 men and 2 women; mean age, 63 ± 7 years) with irreparable rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic SCR with dermal allograft. Strength was measured with isometric internal rotation and external rotation (ER) at 0° of abduction, ER at 90° of abduction, and scapular-plane abduction, whereas ROM was measured during shoulder flexion, abduction, and ER and internal rotation at 90° of abduction both before and 1 year after SCR. PROs included American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand surveys that were collected before and 1 year after SCR. Synchronized biplane radiographs were collected at 50 images/s before and 1 year after SCR while patients performed 3 trials of scapular-plane abduction. A validated volumetric tracking technique with submillimeter accuracy determined 6-df glenohumeral and scapular kinematics. The acromiohumeral distance (AHD), humeral head translation, and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) were calculated from the in vivo kinematics. Healing at 5 locations was evaluated on 1-year postoperative MRI scans: anterior and posterior glenoid, anterior and posterior humerus, and posteriorly along the infraspinatus. Each subject was given a score from 0 to 5 based on number of sites healed. Results Of the 10 patients, 9 (90%) had complete (n = 4) or partial (n = 5) healing of the graft whereas 1 (10%) had complete failure at the glenoid. No correlation existed between MRI healing and the AHD, SHR, strength, ROM, or PROs. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores all significantly improved from before to 1 year after SCR regardless of graft healing. Conclusions The rate of complete or partial graft healing on MRI mimics findings of prior reports in the literature. MRI healing was correlated with humeral head anterior-posterior translation but not with the static and dynamic AHDs, SHR, humeral head superior-inferior translation, ROM, strength, or PROs 1 year after SCR. All PROs improved significantly from before to 1 year after SCR regardless of graft status on MRI. In vivo kinematic changes were small after SCR and not clinically significant, and the data suggest that improvements in clinical and functional outcomes may occur in the absence of full graft healing.
Development of a model of diversity, equity and inclusion for sport volunteers: an examination of the experiences of diverse volunteers for a national sport governing body

This study explores the meaning of inclusion among Black, Brown and Indigenous Persons of Color (BIPOC) and LGBTQI+ volunteers of a national sport governing body. The study situates itself within s...
What makes people install a COVID-19 contact-tracing app? Understanding the influence of app design and individual difference on contact-tracing app adoption intention

Abstract Smartphone-based contact-tracing apps are a promising solution to help scale up the conventional contact-tracing process. However, low adoption rates have become a major issue that prevents these apps from achieving their full potential. In this paper, we present a national-scale survey experiment ( N = 1963 ) in the U.S. to investigate the effects of app design choices and individual differences on COVID-19 contact-tracing app adoption intentions. We found that individual differences such as prosocialness, COVID-19 risk perceptions, general privacy concerns, technology readiness, and demographic factors played a more important role than app design choices such as decentralized design vs. centralized design, location use, app providers, and the presentation of security risks. Certain app designs could exacerbate the different preferences in different sub-populations which may lead to an inequality of acceptance to certain app design choices (e.g., developed by state health authorities vs. a large tech company) among different groups of people (e.g., people living in rural areas vs. people living in urban areas). Our mediation analysis showed that one’s perception of the public health benefits offered by the app and the adoption willingness of other people had a larger effect in explaining the observed effects of app design choices and individual differences than one’s perception of the app’s security and privacy risks. With these findings, we discuss practical implications on the design, marketing, and deployment of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps in the U.S.
Einfluß der Dünndarmtransplantation und chronischen Abstoßung auf die Morphologie und Funktion der intestinalen Muskulatur

Die Dunndarmtransplantation ist seit Einfuhrung effektiver Immunsuppressiva klinisch moglich geworden und gewinnt zunehmend als definitive Therapie des Kurzdarmsyndroms an Bedeutung. Mit der erfolgreichen Unterdruckung akuter Abstosung durch Cyclosporin (CsA) und FK 506 kommt es zu langzeitigem Transplantatuberleben. Damit treten chronische Abstosung und zunehmende gastrointestinale Motilitatsstorungen des Transplantats in den Vordergrund [1]. Die vorliegende Studie wurde durchgefuhrt, um die bisher unbekannten Auswirkungen der Dunndarmtransplantation, ge¬folgt von chronischer Abstosung, auf die Morphologie und Funktion der intestinalen Muskulatur zu untersuchen.
Elementary Probability for Applications

This clear and lively introduction to probability theory concentrates on the results that are the most useful for applications, including combinatorial probability and Markov chains. Concise and focused, it is designed for a one-semester introductory course in probability for students who have some familiarity with basic calculus. Reflecting the author's philosophy that the best way to learn probability is to see it in action, there are more than 350 problems and 200 examples. The examples contain all the old standards such as the birthday problem and Monty Hall, but also include a number of applications not found in other books, from areas as broad ranging as genetics, sports, finance, and inventory management.
Treatment of Frontal Sinus and Nasoethmoid Orbital Fractures

■ There is a significant risk of intracranial injury in patients with frontal sinus and nasoethmoid orbital fractures
Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Biological and Clinical Interrelationships

Stem cells exist as minority populations within tissues though they are fundamental for organs development and repair because they can undergo self-renewal as well as multi-lineage differentiation producing progenitor cells that can subsequently differentiate. Stem cells were also identified in solid and hematopoietic malignancies and several evidences support the hypothesis that they may represent the real tumor-initiating cells since they are endowed with a higher tumorigenic potential than differentiated neoplastic cells. Furthermore, cancer stem cells are more resistant to conventional cytotoxic therapies becoming responsible for cancer recurrence. These premises support an important area of research regarding cancer stem cells origin and maintenance; in particular, studies currently investigating stem cells signaling networks such as Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt and regulatory circuits including Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, C-Myc, Nanog and LIN28 may provide new targets for more specific and effective therapies directed to cancer stem cells population.
Isotope effects and quantum tunneling in enzyme-catalyzed hydrogen transfer. Part I. The experimental basis

Abstract The last decade has seen the growth of a substantial literature on the role of quantum tunneling as a mechanism of the transfer of hydrogenic entities (protons, hydrogen atoms, and hydride ions) during enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Much of the evidence for these ideas derives from kinetic isotope effects. This article is intended as a review of the background of the subject, the conceptual apparatus that underlies the isotopic studies, the phenomenology of the experimental observations, and a qualitative sketch of the interpretative, mechanistic models that have emerged. This is a subject in which the role of sophisticated theoretical work has been especially crucial already, and its importance continues to grow. The most controversial aspect of the subject is the question of whether and how protein vibrations are directly linked to the catalysis of hydrogen tunneling by enzymes. The full nature and value of the theoretical work is not covered in the present article, nor are the evidence and concepts that underlie proposals for the involvement of protein dynamics. It is our intention to follow the present article with a later treatment of the theoretical contributions and the dynamical questions.