cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Gerontology Friendship Mentorship Team.

I have loved gerontology since before I knew it was a discipline. I volunteered in a nursing home the summer after my 8th grade year and knew then I wanted to work with older adults. I sought out t...
Generating location data with generative adversarial networks for sensing applications: PhD forum abstract

The availability of large amounts of data has driven the fast development of many research fields such as computer vision. However, the sharing of location data has been limited due to the concern of data privacy. Cellular location data contains user location information which reflects human mobility patterns. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and apply the model to generate cellular location data as a case study for location-based sensing applications. The key insight of this study is that individual mobility correlates with user-specific information, e.g., age, gender. Therefore, to better capture the underlying pattern of human mobility, we design a soft-label conditional GAN which utilizes user-specific information to generate individual movement trajectories. This work plans to train a generator on a large real-world cellular location dataset and evaluate the synthetic data in terms of both utility and privacy.
Changes in Cancer Management due to COVID-19 Illness in Patients with Cancer in Northern California.

PURPOSE:The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the management of patients with cancer. In this pooled retrospective analysis, we describe changes in management patterns for patients wit...
Lower extremity CT angiograms and their effect on kidney function in orthopedic trauma patients.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the frequency of unindicated CT Angiograms (CTAs) obtained at our institution and the association between contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Design Retrospective case series Setting Academic Level 1 trauma center Patients/participants Patients aged 18 years and older with CTAs following lower-extremity (LE) trauma between 2010-2018. Intervention CTAs performed in 257 LEs and corresponding pre- and post-contrast renal function labs in these LE trauma patients. Main outcome measurements The primary outcome was vascular injury requiring intervention. Secondary outcomes were CIN and the association of CIN with decreased GFR and injury severity score (ISS). Results There was no indication (no hard signs of vascular injury, ABI>0.9) for CTA in 121 patients (61%) of the total 199 patients. Of the 78 patients with signs of vascular injury or ABI 60ml/min (p=0.001). Rate of CIN did not correlate with Injury Severity Score (ISS). Conclusions CTAs are obtained more often than indicated and initial GFR Level of Evidence Level IV
Workday, holiday and calendar adjustment: Monthly aggregates from daily diesel fuel purchases

Most data sets used by economists are collected with after-the-fact surveys and the time aggregation is done by the survey respondents who produce, for example, monthly aggregates not actual transactions. 21st century digital transaction technologies will increasingly allow the collection of actual transactions, which will create an important new set of opportunities for forming time aggregates. This paper uses a transaction-by-transaction data set on purchases of diesel fuel by over-the-road truckers to form amonthly diesel volume index from 1999 to 2012 purged of weekday, holiday and calendar effects. These high-frequency data allow new and more accurate ways to correct for (1) the variability in the weekday composition of months and (2) the drift of holiday effects between months. These corrections have substantial effects on month-to-month comparisons.
Censorship of eBooks (Extended Abstract)

“In a century when the most dangerous books come into the hands of children as easily as into those of their fathers and their guardians, when reckless systematizing can pass itself off as philosophy, unbelief as strength of mind, and libertinage as imagination . . . ”
Deterrence and Moral Theory

(1986). Deterrence and Moral Theory. Canadian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 16, Supplementary Volume 12: Nuclear Weapons, Deterrence and Disarmament, pp. 161-193.
Rationality and Extensive Form Correlated Equilibria in Stochastic Games

We define the notion of rational payoffs in stochastic games. We then prove that the set of rational payoffs coincides with the set of extensive form correlated equilibrium payoffs; those are equilibrium payoffs in an extended game that includes an autonomous correlation device: a device that sends at every stage a private signal to each player, which is independent of the play, but may depend on previous signals. In particular, it follows that communication between the players and/or between the players and the correlation device cannot increase the set of equilibrium payoffs. ∗This is a thorough revision of “Extensive Form Correlated Equilibria”, discussion paper #175 , Center for Rationality and Interactive Decision Theory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. †Department of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences, Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston IL 60208. e-mail: e-solan@nwu.edu ‡I thank Rakesh Vohra, the associate editor of the International Journal of Game Theory and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments.
Can Physical Education Teachers' Right or Left Dominance Change over Time or Affect How They Teach?

Educators and researchers have identified learning-style assessment techniques to examine the different ways in which teachers and students learn. Further, educators have traditionally used these a...
TRANSIENT HYPERAMMONEMIA OF THE NEWBORN (THAN) AND UREA CYCLE ENZYME DEFECTS (UCED) DIFFERENTIATED BY CLINICAL PRESENTATION

TRANSIENT HYPERAMMONEMIA OF THE NEWBORN (THAN) AND UREA CYCLE ENZYME DEFECTS (UCED) DIFFERENTIATED BY CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Metadata Quality: From Evaluation to Augmentation

ABSTRACT The conversation about metadata quality has developed slowly in libraries, hindered by unexamined assumptions about metadata carrying over from experience in the MARC environment. In the wider world, discussions about functionality must drive discussions about how quality might be determined and ensured. Because the quality-enforcing structures present in the MARC world–mature standards, common documentation, and bibliographic utilities–are lacking in the metadata world, metadata practitioners desiring to improve the quality of metadata used in their libraries must develop and proliferate their own processes of evaluation and transformation to support essential interoperability. In this article, the author endeavors to describe how those processes might be established and sustained to support metadata quality improvement.
Test Reliability and Errors of Measurement at Several Levels of Absolute Isometric Strength

Abstract Five maximal isometric wrist flexion strength trials of 5-sec. duration and spaced 1-min. apart were secured on two separate days one week apart. Intraclass correlation techniques were used to partition error variance and true score variance estimates on 75 college females classified into high, middle, and low levels of absolute strength groups; 30 male subjects were also included. Data were analyzed for left and right wrists for the female subjects and for the right wrist of males. The low strength females demonstrated the smallest error variance estimates for trials and days on both wrists. Middle and high strength females exhibited error variance estimates two to three times larger than the low strength females. Right wrist data on male subjects showed the largest error variance, with trials and day error variances some two to four times larger than the female subjects. Since error variance seems to be related to the magnitude of the strength score, further caution is indicated in the interpre...
Cooperative Multi-agent Constellation Formation Under Sensing and Communication Constraints

A group of cooperating vehicles (smart bombs, robots) moves toward a set of (possibly moving) prioritized destinations. During their journey towards the destinations, some of the vehicles may be damaged, but it is also possible that reinforcements may arrive. The objective is to maximize the number of encounters between the vehicles and the high-priority destinations. In this preliminary study, we explore how position sensors and (possibly fading) communication channels can assist the group in performing its task. We show how joint operation, and exchange of observations and estimates, improve convergence. On the other hand unfavorable cooperation attempts can sometimes lead to oscillations and confusion. In unfavorable circumstances our agents suspend cooperation and engage in “every agent for itself” mode. One of the interesting features of the proposed architecture is that individual team members can predict the success or failure of the cooperation mechanism by testing the consistency of assigned target destinations.
Hepatic microsomal alcohol-oxidizing system in normal and acatalasemic mice: its dissociation from the peroxidatic activity of catalase-H2O2.

To assess whether catalase-H 2 O 2 is an obligatory component in the microsomal alcoholoxidizing system, various primary alcohols were incubated with hepatic microsomes of both normal and acatalasemic mice in the presence of an NADPH-genenating system. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol were metabolized at striking rates by microsomes of both strains. By contrast, when the NADPH-generating system was replaced by a H 2 O 2 -producing one, propanol, butanol, and pentanol were not metabolized, indicating that these higher aliphatic alcohols are not substrates for catalase-H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, mild heat treatment of microsomes of acatalasemic mice resulted in inactivation of contaminating catalase and virtually abolished alcohol peroxidation of methanol and ethanol by catalase-H 2 O 2 , whereas the rates of the NADPH-mediated alcohol oxidation by the microsomal fraction persisted with methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol as substrates. In addition, the microsomal alcohol-oxidizing system of both normal and acatalasemic mice was solubilized and isolated from catalase by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. These findings therefore dissociate the NADPH-dependent microsomal alcohol-oxidizing system from alcohol peroxidation via catalase-H 2 O 2 by difference in substrate specificity and rule out an obligatory involvement of catalase-H 2 O 2 in the microsomal system.
Diffusion of gases in porous solids over a thousand-fold pressure range

Abstract Experimental data were obtained for diffusion of gases at constant total pressure in bidispersed porous alumina solids and monodispersed porous Vycor. The data covered a 1300 1 range of pressures which included the Knudsen and most of the transition region. Previous data covered only a 50 1 range. Experimental diffusivities of the alumina compared closely with those predicted by the Rothfeld effectiveness factor model and the Wakao and Smith random pore model. Data on the Vycor also checked the prediction contrary to the findings of others. A possible explanation may be due to the differences in pore structure. Modified equations were derived to extend the random pore model to special cases for diffusion of gases in porous media.
Antibodies to melanoma cell and BCG antigens in sera from tumour-free individuals and from melanoma patients

THE Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG shares antigenic components with several neoplasms, including human malignant melanoma1–5. Other species of bacteria also have antigenic similarities with a guinea pig hepatoma6. Antibodies to mycobacteria and other bacterial antigens are universally present in sera from normal humans7,8. Since there is a broad range of shared or cross-reactive antigens among mycobacteria and unrelated microorganisms9, it is conceivable that an immune response by normal humans to mycobacteria has been induced by exposure to taxonomically unrelated microorganisms ubiquitous in the environment. Cytotoxic reactions by lymphoid cells from normal animals and humans to many kinds of tumour cells have been reported10–15. Antibodies in sera from patients with various neoplasms have often been observed that react with antigens derived from their own tumours or from those of the same histological type16–18.Humoral responses to tumour-associated antigens have also been noted in sera from normal humans, gibbons and mice19–21. We have investigated whether sera from normal, tumour-free humans contain antibodies which can react with melanoma-associated as well as with BCG antigens. If this were the case, perhaps immunological reactions by normal humans to certain tumours are widespread and reflect previous sensitisation by microorganisms.
Electrical properties of mitochondrial membranes.

The electrical capacity of the membrane of rat liver mitochondria is 0.5 to 0.6 µ./cm2. This membrane capacity is obtained from the analysis of the frequency dependence of the admittance of a suspension of swollen mitochondria. In potassium chloride media the mitochondrial membrane capacity does not depend on the ion concentration. The internal conductance of the mitochondria was approximately one-half that of the external medium; the same applies if the mitochondria are equilibrated in a medium with a 10-fold difference in potassium chloride concentration. Hence the swollen mitochondria investigated here appear to be able to adjust their internal ion concentration in proportion with that of the external phase. The similarity of the membrane capacity of isolated mitochondria with the range of values known for other membranes suggests a common molecular structure. The analysis of experimental data suggests an anisotropic electrical behavior of the interior of mitochondria. This anisotropy is readily explained by the existence of internal membranes.
SUBSTRATE AND HORMONAL INTERACTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF ENZYME LEVELS IN RAT HEPATOMAS.

Thus, of four enzymes studied in rat hepatomas, corticoids have been shown to affect their enzyme-forming systems minimally (TPO and G6PD), variably (TD) or maximally (TAKG). These are at present aberrations in control mechanisms, the control of protein synthesis, studied only at the physiological and cellular level. Steps are now being taken in this laboratory(17) to understand the molecular changes present in the hepatoma cell which are responsible for the observed metabolic defects.
Maxillomandibular advancement for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The reported efficacy of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to estimate the clinical efficacy and safety of MMA in treating OSA. We searched Medline and bibliographies of retrieved articles, with no language restriction. We used meta-analytic methods to pool surgical outcomes. Fifty-three reports describing 22 unique patient populations (627 adults with OSA) met inclusion criteria. Additionally, 27 reports provided individual data on 320 OSA subjects. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 63.9/h to 9.5/h (p<0.001) following surgery. Using a random-effects model, the pooled surgical success and cure (AHI <5) rates were 86.0% and 43.2%, respectively. Younger age, lower preoperative weight and AHI, and greater degree of maxillary advancement were predictive of increased surgical success. The major and minor complication rates were 1.0% and 3.1%, respectively. No postoperative deaths were reported. Most subjects reported satisfaction after MMA with improvements in quality of life measures and most OSA symptomatology. We conclude that MMA is a safe and highly effective treatment for OSA.
The future lies ahead

Solid Clues: Quantum Physics, Molecular Biology, and the Future of Science. By Gerald Feinberg. Simon & Schuster: 1985. Pp. 287. 17.95. To be published in Britain later this year by Heinemann.
Hydrophilic‐hydrophobic polymer composites

Membrane composite polystyrene (I) (phase dispersee)/polyacrylamide (II) (phase continue) ou (I) (phase continue)/(II) (phase dispersee)
Analysis of Speech Characteristics in Children With Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS) and Children With Phenotypic Overlap Without VCFS

Abstract Objective: To address two questions of theoretical importance regarding the profile and course of communication impairment associated with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS): (1) do speech characteristics of children with VCFS differ from a group of children with some of the phenotypic characteristics of VCFS who do not have the syndrome, and (2) do younger children with VCFS demonstrate speech patterns that differ from older children with VCFS? Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study comparing two groups of children at two age levels. Patients: Thirteen children with VCFS and eight children with some of the phenotypic features of VCFS who did not have the syndrome. Children ranged in age from 3 to 10 years. Main Outcome Measure: (1) Broad phonetic transcription of speech yielding measures of number of consonant types, Percent Consonant Correct, and percentage of glottal stops used; and (2) composite ratings of velopharyngeal function made from perceptual, aerodynamic, and endoscopic evaluations...
The study of spermidine-stimulated polypeptide synthesis in cell-free translation of mRNA from lactating mouse mammary gland

The stimulatory effect of spermidine on the translation of poly(A)+ mRNA from lactating mouse mammary glands in a wheat germ system was studied. Spermidine stimulated total polypeptide synthesis about 2.5-fold relative to that occurring in the presence of an optimal concentration of Mg2+ alone. The size and the number of polysomes were about 1.6-times larger in the presence of spermidine than in its absence. A similar magnitude of increase in peptide chain initiation, 1.4-fold, was found when the extent of peptide chain initiation was measured by determining the residual polypeptide synthesis subsequent to the addition of inhibitor(s) of peptide chain initiation to the in vitro translation system with or without spermidine at various times of the incubation. Time-course study of the release of polypeptide from polysomes showed that spermidine stimulated this process to a much greater extent than peptide chain initiation, indicating that the polyamine also increases the rate of peptide chain elongation. The extent of stimulation of peptide chain elongation by spermidine was estimated to be about 1.5-fold when the disappearance of isotope-labeled nascent peptides from polysomes was measured by pulse-chase experiments. These results indicate that spermidine stimulates the cell-free translation of mammary mRNA by increasing the rates of both initiation and elongation of polypeptide synthesis to almost the same extent. The polyamine also reduced the relative amount of incomplete polypeptides, thereby increasing the yield of full-length translational products.
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN UPON THE RATE OF DIALYSIS OF DIABETIC BLOOD SUGAR

In 1918 one of us (1) compared the rate of dialysis of the blood sugar of diabetic dogs' blood with that of glucose, which had been added to the blood of normal animals. The diabetic blood sugar dialyzed at an irregular rate. The curve usually indicated a delay or even a complete cessation of dialysis during one or more periods, whereas the control dialysis proceeded in a regular, uninterrupted manner. Although various explanations were offered, the one which appeared most tenable was that part of the blood sugar in diabetes is present in combined form and part free. If the former dialyzed slowly and the latter rapidly and if the combined sugar, after most of the free sugar had dialyzed out, was convertible into free glucose, curves of the type obtained would be possible. We have been engaging in various investigations in the attempt to throw more light upon this phenomenon. One of the first questions which arose was whether insulin would affect this peculiar diabetic dialysis curve. The present note deal...
Receptor trees in chemokine forests

Chemokines are small proteins that direct the migration of all leukocyte classes. One would think that 2 or 3 distinct chemokines would be sufficient to ensure that white blood cells properly home to sites of inflammation. But there are at least 40 chemokines and 18 receptors, with new ones still
Second Phase Precipitation in As-Welded and Solution Annealed Alloy 22 Welds

The precipitation characteristics of tetrahedrally close-packed (TCP) phases during the welding and the subsequent solution annealing process of Alloy 22 1 1/2” thick plate double-U prototypical welds are investigated. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to provide large scale microstructural observation of the weld cross section, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to map the location of the TCP phases. Analysis shows that TCP precipitation occurs congruent to the weld passes, with the solution annealing reducing the sizes of coarser precipitates.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The Search for Community Leaders: A Re-examination of the Reputational Technique*

A method similar to Bonjean's modification of the traditional reputational approach was applied to a study of two small communities within a Southern state. The relative absence of concealed and symbolic leaders suggests that leader visibility is a variable which varies systematically from community to community. Several community characteristics are posited as explanatory variables determining leader visibility.
Investigation of lithiated carbons by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis

The microstructures of lithiated synthetic graphite and carbon black were studied by high- resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Information about the crystal structure of carbon containing various Li compositions can provide useful insights to our understanding of the Li storage mechanism in carbonaceous materials. Samples with compositions of Li0.93C6or Li0.45C6 were found to contain both stage-one and stage-two compounds. These observations are consistent with XRD data. The changes in sample microstructure as the results of lithiation and exposure to electron irradiation were observed by TEM and recorded over several minutes in the microscope environment. Selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated that the lithiated samples quickly changed composition to LiC 24, which appeared to dominate during the brief analysis period. The layer planes in the lattice image of a disordered carbon black after Li insertion are poorly defined, and changes in the microstructure of these lithiated carbons was not readily apparent. Observations on these lithium intercalation compounds as well as the limitation of the experimental procedure will be presented.
Comparing two fronto-orbital advancement strategies to treat trigonocephaly in metopic synostosis

Abstract Background Trigonocephalic treatment entails frontoorbital reshaping of the forehead, increasing bitemporal dimensions, and advancing lateral orbits. Various techniques can achieve this, but no consensus exists regarding effects on long-term skull growth. Overcorrecting forehead dimensions is one strategy though preserving a vascularized fronto-orbital bar can influence future growth. We therefore seek to craniomorphologically compare fronto-orbital advancement (FOA), using bandeau widening and advancement, to a pedicled "tilt" procedure to assess whether adequate 3D remodeling is achieved. Methods Demographic and computed tomographic data was recorded. Pre- and post-craniometric measurements were performed for the endocranial bifrontal angle, orbital plane angle, anterior advancement and the interzygomaticofrontal suture distance. Results 40 CT scans were analyzed, with similar demographics. No perioperative complications were encountered. The endocranial bifrontal angle increased in the FOA ( p = 0.00026) and tilt groups ( p = 0.00297), along with the orbital plane angles (FOA, p = 0.020498; tilt, p = 0.07371), the anterior advancement (FOA, p = 0.00932; tilt, p = 0.05823), and the interzygomaticofrontal suture distance (FOA, p = 0.001241; tilt, p = 0.07811). Conclusions Both techniques improve frontoorbital dimensions for correction of metopic synostosis. In severe trigonocephaly phenotypes, the FOA allows a greater magnitude of expansion and overcorrection, but compromises preservation of a vascularized leash. The "tilt" procedure possesses the benefit of near-anatomic bandeau remodeling, while potentially improving long-term growth.
Abstract 77: Analgesic use in relation to sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women.

The use of common analgesics, such as aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs and acetaminophen, may be associated with the risk of several hormone-related cancers, possibly via effects on sex hormone and prolactin concentrations. Therefore, we assessed the cross-sectional relationship between analgesic (aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDS, and acetaminophen) use and sex hormone and prolactin concentrations among 2,034 premenopausal women, 32 to 54 years old, from the Nurses' Health Study II. Approximately 84% of women provided timed luteal and follicular blood samples; the remainder provided a single untimed sample. After adjustment for age, BMI, parity, and other potential confounders, acetaminophen use was inversely associated with prolactin levels (ptrend= 0.04). Compared to non-users, prolactin concentrations were 11.8% lower among women who reported using acetaminophen at least 2 times per week (p<0.01). Similarly, acetaminophen was inversely associated with free testosterone, when comparing use at least 2 times per week to non-users (7.1% lower, p = 0.04; ptrend= 0.04). Use of non-aspirin NSAIDs was positively associated with follicular free estradiol, with 13.5% higher levels in women who reported use 4 or more days per week as compared to non-users (p = 0.04; ptrend= 0.11); results for free follicular estradiol were similar (13.2% higher, p = 0.06; ptrend= 0.11) though not statistically significant. There were no clear associations observed between analgesic use and luteal estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione, and estrogen/androgen ratios. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, none of the associations were statistically significant. In conclusion, our study provides modest evidence for an association of acetaminophen use with prolactin and free testosterone concentrations in premenopausal women, and the suggestion of an association between non-aspirin NSAIDs and follicular free estradiol among those with frequent use. Citation Format: Scott R. Bauer, Renee T. Fortner, Margaret A. Gates, Heather Eliassen, Susan E. Hankinson, Shelley S. Tworoger. Analgesic use in relation to sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 77.
Using language ideology and positioning to broaden the SLA learner beliefs landscape: The case of an ESL learner from China

Abstract Departing from the view that learner beliefs are mental traits and in keeping with the discursive turn in SLA ( Kalaja, 1995 , Kalaja, 2003 , Young, 2009 ), I argue that SLA learner beliefs research can be advanced through the use of two constructs – language ideology and positioning – that originate from linguistic anthropology and discursive psychology, respectively. Applying these two constructs to a year-long ethnographic case study based in a Singapore secondary school, I investigate how the language ideologies and positioning of a 16-year old immigrant ESL learner from China ultimately impacted her language learning outcomes. To illustrate this, I draw on audio-taped interview and video-taped interaction data involving her. This study supports the view that a contextual approach to examining learner beliefs affords a refined understanding of beliefs through an emic perspective.
New population of refractory concretes: Cement free concretes (review)

The advantage of cement-free refractory concretes of the ceramic concrete type compared with low cement types consists in the absence of certain components (VGTs) which impair the properties of the compositions. Certain technological features are characterized for the production of ceramic concretes. A process has been developed for obtaining VKVS with semicontinuous (pulsation) loading, providing an increased productivity and a reduced energy expenditure. Examples are given of the effective service of ceramic concretes as refractories for lining steel melting furnaces and other heating units. Some properties of concretes with clay bonds, bonds from modifications of ρ-alumina, and silica sol are examined.
Immunoglobulin IgG1 Metabolism in New Born Calves

Abstract The half-life of IgGl immunoglobulin was measured in six neonatal calves following a meal of iodine-125 labeled IgGl in colostrum derived from their dams. The half-life as measured by the decrease in plasma concentration of IgGl was 19.9±1.9 days. However, the half-life as measured by the disappearance of [iodine-125] IgG1 from the plasma was 11.5±.6 days. The latter value is closer to the true half-life because it is not affected by endogenous production of IgGl by the tissues of the young calf. A decrease in the specific activity of plasma [iodine-125] IgGl with time representing the body "pool" of IgGl (half-life 25.8±6.1 days) suggests that the calf from birth to about 20 days of age is capable of synthesizing a significant amount of IgGl immunoglobulin.
Semiparametric tests for change-points with epidemic alternatives

The empirical likelihood ratio-based semiparametric tests of change-points with epidemic alternatives are constructed and are proved to have the same limiting null distributions as some well-known tests. The maximum empirical likelihood estimates of the change-points and the epidemic duration are shown to be consistent. Data-based model tests are also provided. The method is applied to a stock market price data and the Nile river data.
The VOYAGER speech understanding system: a progress report

As part of the DARPA Spoken Language System program, we recently initiated an effort in spoken language understanding. A spoken language system addresses applications in which speech is used for interactive problem solving between a person and a computer. In these applications, not only must the system convert the speech signal into text, it must also understand the linguistic structure of a sentence in order to generate the correct response. This paper describes our early experience with the development of the MIT VOYAGER spoken language system.
Looking at a life: Biography on film

Abstract Two contemporary biographical films, Crumb and Thirty‐Two Short Films About Glenn Gould suggest new possibilities for reconceiving the genre of biography in a post‐literate society, revealing how visual media may enhance scholarship and storytelling in biography and history alike. In Crumb, director Terry Zwigoff tries to sustain a rigid narrative that tells a rather predictable story about the life of cartoonist R. Crumb. However, even as Zwigoff works to replicate the apparently seamless narrative of a written history, his camera records evidence that subverts it. Consequently, he allows viewers to raise questions about the ‘truth’ of his account and to construct alternate scenarios of Crumb's life. With Thirty‐Two Short Films About Glenn Gould, director Francois Girard explodes the biographical genre by abandoning a single, linear narrative in favor of thirty‐two vignettes, and by intermingling documentary and fictive film‐making. These cinematic techniques are motivated by Glenn Gould's philo...
How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in adults

Background. The study purpose was to establish the number (and type) of days needed to estimate mean pedometer-determined steps/day in a field setting. Methods. Seven days of data were collected from 90 participants (33 males, AGE = 49.1 ± 16.2 years, BMI = 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; 57 females, AGE = 44.8 ± 16.9 years, BMI = 27.0 ± 5.9 kg/m2). Mean steps/day were computed for all 7 days (the criterion), each single day, and combinations of days. Analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, intra-class correlations (ICC), and regression. Results. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between days. The difference was limited to Sunday and accounted for 5% of the variance. ICC analyses indicated a minimum of 3 days is necessary to achieve a reliability of 0.80. The adjusted R2 was 0.79 for a single day (specifically Wednesday), 0.89 for 2 days (Wednesday, Thursday), and 0.94 for 3 days (Wednesday, Thursday, Friday). Sunday was the last day to enter the model. Conclusions. Although there is a statistical difference between days, there is little practical difference, and the primary distinction appears limited to Sunday. Although a single day of collection is not acceptable, any 3 days can provide a sufficient estimate.
Yolk and albumen corticosterone concentrations in eggs laid by white versus brown caged laying hens

Maternal stress in birds can have permanent transgenerational effects through the transmission of stress hormones to offspring via the egg yolk. Previous studies have shown that White Leghorn hens show a heightened response to stress compared with Hy-Line Brown hens, producing significantly more corticosterone and displaying longer bouts of tonic immobility after handling, whereas baseline levels of corticosterone are similar between the strains. We tested the hypothesis that higher stress responsiveness would correspond to chronic accumulation and thus higher concentrations of corticosterone in egg yolks after exposure to stressors associated with routine maintenance. Eggs were collected from white and brown hens that were undisturbed except for daily feeding and routine egg collections. Corticosterone was quantified in plasma, egg yolks, and albumen and compared between strains. We predicted that corticosterone concentrations in yolk would be higher in eggs from white versus brown hens but that albumen corticosterone would not differ between strains due to the short term of albumen deposition. As predicted, yolk corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in eggs produced by white hens, approximately twice those found in eggs laid by brown hens. Plasma and albumen concentrations of corticosterone were similar between groups. These results suggest that offspring hatching from eggs laid by White Leghorn hens are exposed to significantly more corticosterone through concentration in the egg yolk, which could permanently imprint offspring physiology and behavior.
Proxies: a software structure for accommodating heterogeneity

Handling heterogeneity in computer systems without decreasing user productivity and without increasing development costs demands special software structures. This paper presents a flexible software structure that has been used to construct heterogeneous remote procedure call, naming, electronic mail, filing and remote computation services. This structure captures the heterogeneous aspects of a service in a set of abstract interfaces. Clients of the service are built in terms of the abstract interfaces, but one of multiple implementations of those interfaces, called proxies, is dynamically selected to satisfy the demands of heterogeneity.
Propofol attenuates ischemic reperfusion-induced formation of lipid peroxides in liver transplant recipients.

Abstract Objective Ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury is known to have an important influence on the success of transplant surgery and the occurrence of complications. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an intermediate metabolite of lipid peroxidation resulting from IR-induced reactive oxygen species. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of propofol on IR injury in liver transplant recipients. Methods We analyzed 19 recipients prospectively by measuring the blood levels of MDA at nine predefined intervals; before induction of anesthesia (baseline, T0), 1 hour after surgical incision (T1), 1 minute before reperfusion (T2), 30 seconds after reperfusion (T3), as well as 1, 3, 5, 30, and 60 minutes thereafter (T4–8). These patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The propofol group received an infusion (2 mg/kg per hr) after an induction bolus (2 mg/kg). The control group was prescribed midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) for induction without intravenous anesthetic infusion for maintenance. Results The highest MDA level occured at T6 in the controls and T7 in the propofol group. Compared with the blood levels at baseline, the MDA levels increased significantly at T2–T8 among controls versus T2, T3, T4, and T7 in the propofol group. Compared to the control group, propofol significantly lowered MDA values at T5–T8. Conclusion There were significantly higher MDA levels among the control versus the propofol group at 3, 5, 30, and 60 minutes after reperfusion in liver transplant recipients.
The influence of NaCl on the growth of english ivy (Hedera helix) cuttings and callus tissue

Abstract Experiments were designed to investigate the relative NaCl tolerance of five varieties of English ivy (Hedera helix): buttercup, sweetheart, golddust, glacier and goldheart. Cuttings from these plants were first grown in agar media with selected levels of added NaCl. Buttercup was the most resistant and sweetheart the most sensitive to all levels of NaCl. These differences in NaCl tolerance were further explored using a callus culture system. Actively growing sweetheart and buttercup callus tissue were placed on basal tissue culture media containing 2,4-D and selected levels of NaCl, Na2SO4 and KCl. Results from these experiments suggest that Cl has specific ion effects and is more toxic than Na+. The growth of sweetheart tissue that had been previously γ-irradiated was compared with control tissue on a basal medium containing 5 g/l NaCl. γ-Irradiation of sweetheart tissue prior to culture increased growth in the presence of 5 g/l NaCl over non-irradiated tissues.
Considerations concerning the formation of metal chelates of bilirubin: The zinc-bilirubin system

Abstract Three bilirubin species in solutions containing zinc(II) ion have been spectrophotometrically identified; a neutral bilirubin form, a basic bilirubin form and a bilirubin-zinc complex. It has been established that the zinc-bilirubin complex has maximum formation at a bilirubin: zinc: tetramethylguanidine ratio of 1:2:8 and any deviation from this ratio results in loss of complex. Reasons for this behavior are discussed and general considerations for the formation of metal chelates with bilirubin are developed.
The association of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and congenital heart disease (CHD). A unique developmental abnormality

The concurrence of different teratogenetic events may not be fortuitus and their recording may lead to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.For the past 6 years we have encountered the association of CHD and CH in 4 nonrelated families as follows:Family I:2 brothers one with CHD (transposition of the great vessels),CH, and microcephaly,and the other a normally developing boy with only CH.Family II:2 brothers;one with CHD and the other with CH.Family III:2 brothers;one with CHD and CH who died of cardiac defect in infancy,and the other with CHD (tetralogy).Family IV:Identical twin girls; one with CH and the other with CHD (patent ductus arteriosus).In our children with CH the incidence of CHD is 10% which is higher than expected.However our material may be selected since complicated cases are more apt to be referred.These observations may be interpreted to indicate that the association of CHD and CH represents a unique teratogenetic complex probably genetically distinct from simple CH which is usually non familial.
Correlating Knee Characteristics and Dynamic Load to Customize Gait Simulation In Vitro

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are one of the most common knee injuries, with estimates reaching approximately 250,000 cases in the US per year [1]. In addition, patients treated with surgical reconstruction, or conservatively through rehabilitation and activity modification, have still been shown to be at increased risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) earlier in life [2]. Researchers suspect that the failure of current ACL repair techniques is their inability to restore native functionality to the knee after injury.© 2013 ASME
Of Children and Jinn: An Inquiry into an Unexpected Friendship during Uncertain Times

Sectarianism in Pakistan, specifically the Shi'i–Sunni conflict, already analytically challenging, has taken on further complexity of late. Within this landscape of ambiguity, I argue that everyday life is a necessary frame for understanding the reach and scope of sectarianism in Pakistan. This article shows how the dynamic of Shi'i–Sunni conflict becomes reprised within divides among Sunnis as a standing archive of stereotypes and slights. At the same time, we capture something of the trancelike quality of everyday life in the tensions embedded within familial relations that animate religious differences in unanticipated ways. Finally, through a focus on the efforts of a single pious self to speak the normative within this landscape, I show how these differences come to be internal to being.
Patterns of Motivation in Chinese Industrial Enterprises

The ways that Chinese industrial enterprises motivate their workers can be analyzed according to the paradigm advanced by Katz and Kahn [1978]: rule enforcement, external rewards, and internalized motivation. Finns that intend to set up manufacturing operations in China should be knowledgeable about the nonmaterial incentives in order to put them to good use.
Learning the concept of Java inheritance in a game

This paper presents a game-like module titled Java Ninja that is designed to help students understand the concept of Inheritance, which is one of the most important concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). This module has been used and evaluated in the CSC1311 Computer Programming II class during spring 2013 at Winston-Salem State University. The pre-test, post-test and survey were used in the evaluation process. The results were promising and the feedback from students was very positive. Our experiences show that this module has a positive impact on learning the concepts of inheritance.
Highly Active and Recyclable Heterogeneous Iridium Pincer Catalysts for Transfer Dehydrogenation of Alkanes

Pincer-ligated iridium complexes have proven to be highly effective catalysts for the dehydrogenation and transfer-dehydrogenation of alkanes. Immobilization onto a solid support offers significant potential advantages in the application of such catalysts particularly with respect to catalyst separation and recycling. We describe three approaches toward such immobilization: (i) covalent attachment to a Merrifield resin, (ii) covalent bonding to silica via a pendant alkoxysilane group, and (iii) adsorption on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3), through basic functional groups on the para-position of the pincer ligand. The simplest of these approaches, adsorption on γ-Al2O3, is also found to be the most effective, yielding catalysts that are robust, recyclable, and comparable to or even more active than the corresponding species in solution. Spectroscopic evidence (NMR, IR) and studies of catalytic activity support the hypothesis that binding occurs at the para-substituent and that this has only a relatively subtle and indirect influence on catalytic behavior.
A high-order Kalman filter for focal plane calibration of NASA's Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF)

This paper discusses the Instrument Pointing Frame (IPF) Kalman Filter, which is an algorithm developed for focal plane calibration of NASA's Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF).
Hole relaxation and luminescence polarization in doped and undoped quantum wells.

Valence-hole relaxation by acoustic-phonon emission yields spin relaxation through the spin mixing of the hole-band states. In quantum wells, the hole-spin relaxation is incomplete. This leads to a unified theory of the polarization spectra for undoped and doped quantum wells, which explains the diverse features in the spectra.
Feeding Value of Dry, Ensiled, and Acid Treated High Moisture Corn Fed Whole or Rolled to Lactating Cows

Abstract To compare the feeding value of ensiled and acid treated high moisture corn fed whole or rolled with dry corn fed whole or rolled, 48 lactating cows were assigned to six groups in a 3×2 factorial design and each group was fed one of six diets: (1) whole or (2) rolled dry corn and forage; (3) whole or (4) rolled ensiled corn and forage; and (5) whole or (6) rolled propionic acid treated corn and forage. All diets were supplemented with a protein, mineral, and vitamin mixture to meet the cows daily nutrient requirements. Equal quantities of dry matter from dry, ensiled, and acid treated corn were offered in the ratio of 1kg of concentrate (dry corn and supplement equivalent) for each 2.75kg of milk produced. Hay and haylage were offered free choice in a 1:3 ratio. Dry matter intake, milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk production, milk fat percentage, and solids-not-fat percentage did not differ significantly between sources of corn (dry, ensiled, acid treated). Rolling corn before feeding to lactating cows improved nutrient availability and increased milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk production, and solids-not-fat content of milk. Milk fat percentage was not affected significantly due to rolling the corn. Thus, corn preserved by any of these methods and fed to lactating cows on an equal dry matter basis will produce normal quantities of milk with a normal composition. Rolling corn increased milk yield about 2kg per cow per day. The monetary benefit of rolling corn will be dependent on the cost of rolling the corn.
Pasture for young dairy calves.

Summary Two experiments were conducted with 32 dairy calves to study the value of pasture. In the first experiment, 22 Holstein calves were divided into three groups: barn-fed, pasture, and pasture plus hay free choice. The average daily gains were 0.97, 1.14, and 1.10 lb., respectively, to 60 days of age and 1.46, 1.67, and 1.70 lb., respectively, from 60 to 116 days of age. The differences in average daily gain were not statistically significant. The pasture group consumed 98.4 lb. less grain and the pasture-hay group 107.0 lb. less grain than the barn-fed group. The results in the second experiment were similar to those in the first experiment, except that the Guernsey calves did not respond favorably. Observations indicated that the pasture-hay calves consumed hay throughout the experiment even when an adequate supply of lush pasture was available. Calves having access to hay had a firmer feces and smoother hair coat than calves not having access to hay. Calves on pasture were observed to ruminate earlier than calves reared in the barn. All fecal samples were negative for parasite ova and coccidial oocysts. There are indications that consideration should be given to pasture mixtures for calves.
Analysis of genes for alcoholism using two-disease-locus models

Using model-based two-locus methods for mapping genes, we analyzed the family data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Microsatellite data from 143 families ascertained through having three or more individuals affected with alcohol dependence were used for this investigation. Four regions showing evidence for linkage were identified using single-locus models from previous investigations. We investigated the genetic linkage, pattern of disease inheritance, and pair-wise genetic epistasis of these loci using the TLINKAGE program for two-disease-locus analysis.