cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on the relationship between cervical erosion and genital tract infection

Objective To study the relationship between cervical erosion and genital tract infection. Methods Routine gynecologic examination and laboratory tests of genital tract infection were taken in 100 patients with cervical erosion and 100 women as controls. Results The rate of cervical erosion(70%)was highest in women of 25～30 years old. The rate of cervical erosion was decrease with the increase of age. The women of 31～35 years old with Ⅱ or Ⅲ degrees of cervical erosion was highest and there was significant difference compared with other groups(P0.05).In the group of cervical erosion,the highest incidence of genital tract infection was candida(18%),followed by BV(10%), trichomonas(6%), chlamydia(4%), staph aureus(2%), gonorrhea(1%) and there was no acinomyces infection.In control group the highest incidence of genital tract infection was candida(19%), followed by bacterial vaginosis(BV)(11%), trichomonas(7%), chlamydia(2%) and there was no infection staph aureus, gonorrhea and acinomyces. The rate of genital tract infection was not increased with increased degrees of cervical erosion. Conclusion Cervical erosion is the common disease among women . It remains a question if genital tract infections is the chief etiology of cervical erosion.
‘Factivism’: A New Configuration of Humanitarian Reason

ABSTRACTNew actors and ideas about poverty management and humanitarian assistance have arisen in recent years. The underlying context of this shift includes a growing awareness of the limitations and failures of both military forms of humanitarian intervention and unfettered market-based solutions to aid and development. This paper explores the particular form that global humanitarianism is taking in this millennial context. I argue that a new configuration of humanitarian reason is emerging that draws on both neoliberal and pastoral rationalities of governance. The former can be associated with efficiency, transparency, and quantitative evidence, while the latter is articulated with individual compassion, devotion, and Christian duty. Using the celebrity humanitarian Bono and his rhetoric of ‘factivism’ as an illustrative example, the paper explores the way that this message is transmitted through geosocial discourses and networks. It indicates some of the ways that the personal and media dissemination o...
Capture of a third Mg2+ is essential for catalyzing DNA synthesis.

It is generally assumed that an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex contains all components necessary for catalysis and that conversion to products occurs by rearrangement of atoms, protons, and electrons. However, we find that DNA synthesis does not occur in a fully assembled DNA polymerase–DNA–deoxynucleoside triphosphate complex with two canonical metal ions bound. Using time-resolved x-ray crystallography, we show that the phosphoryltransfer reaction takes place only after the ES complex captures a third divalent cation that is not coordinated by the enzyme. Binding of the third cation is incompatible with the basal ES complex and requires thermal activation of the ES for entry. It is likely that the third cation provides the ultimate boost over the energy barrier to catalysis of DNA synthesis.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Older Adults.

Cancer is primarily a disease of older adults. The treatment of advanced stage tumors usually involves the use of systemic agents that may be associated with significant risk of toxicity, especially in older patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are newcomers to the oncology world with improved efficacy and better safety profiles when compared to traditional cytotoxic drugs. This makes them an attractive treatment option. While there are no elderly specific trials, this review attempts to look at the current available data from a geriatric oncology perspective. We reviewed data from phase III studies that led to newly approved indications of checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer. Data were reviewed with respect to response, survival, and toxicity according to three groups: 75 years. Current literature does not allow one to draw definitive conclusions regarding the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults. However, they may offer a potentially less toxic but equally efficacious treatment option for the senior adult oncology patient.
Speaking the Language of the New Allies with the Voucher (Non-) Reform

In 1998 the Ministry of Education introduced vouchers for its in-service training of teachers. The initiative was announced publicly as a fundamental reform that would replace the Soviet-based system, and herald a new age of democracy, free market economy, personal freedom, and individual rights. The Ministry claimed it would promote “lifelong learning,” “decentralize” the system, break the “state monopoly,” cater to the “individual needs” of teachers, advance “choice,” and “enhance the quality” of teacher training by permitting “competition” from other training institutions. The reform further sought to demonstrate that Mongolia was not falling behind international standards in educational reform.
Microdetermination of blood glucose

Abstract A micromethod for the accurate determination of true blood glucose is described. This method is suitable for routine and investigational purposes.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury is both necessary and problematic. Here, we discuss the type, dose, and timing of pharmacologic prophylaxis as well as the practice of prophylactic vena cava filtration. The discussions entail brief literature about each practice, the author’s practice patterns, and the recommendations of national organizations.
More to Atherosclerosis Than Stenosis: Symptomatic Carotid Artery With Intraplaque Hemorrhage

A 66-year-old man presented with left facial weakness on awakening. He had cerebrovascular risk factors, including HIV, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. When the facial weakness did not resolve after a few days, he presented to a local hospital. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan, including an axial diffusion-weighted imaging sequence, demonstrated an ischemic stroke in the face representation area of the right precentral gyrus. Transthoracic echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, and cardiac telemetry were unrevealing. He was prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy and a statin. He was referred to a vascular neurologist at our tertiary care center. After seeing the vascular neurologist, a noncontrast magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the head and neck was obtained: 3-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) imaging demonstrated ≤50% stenosis of the carotid bulbs bilaterally (40%–50% bilaterally by NASCET criteria [North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial]). On these T1-weighted images and on a fat-suppressed axial T1 sequence, there were focal, crescentic, subintimal hyperintense signals at the bifurcations bilaterally (Figure 1). The findings were highly suggestive of intraplaque hemorrhage. However, given the modest degree of stenosis and an incomplete etiologic investigation, the right carotid artery was not yet considered definitively symptomatic. He then underwent 30 days of extended cardiac rhythm monitoring to investigate occult arrhythmias as a potential source of the presumed embolic stroke. The facial weakness completely resolved. Figure 1. Initial presenting magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA). A , Axial diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrates a small acute infarct in the right precentral gyrus. B , Axial noncontrast MRA raw image of the neck demonstrates narrowing of the carotid bulbs with peripheral hyperintense signals (arrows, indicating intrinsic T1 hyperintensities) consistent with intraplaque hemorrhage. C , Three-dimensional MRA maximal intensity projection shows the narrowing of the carotid bulb and the adjacent intraplaque hemorrhage (arrow). D , Axial T1 fat-suppressed images corroborates the intrinsic …
Synechococcus nidulans from a thermoelectric coal power plant as a potential CO2 mitigation in culture medium containing flue gas wastes

This study evaluated the intermittent addition of coal flue gas wastes (CO2, SO2, NO and ash) into a Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 cultivation in terms of growth parameters, CO2 biofixation and biomass characterization. The microalga from a coal thermoelectric plant showed tolerance up to 200ppm SO2 and NO, with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.18±0.03d-1. The addition of thermal coal ash to the cultivation increased the Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 maximum cell growth by approximately 1.3 times. The best CO2 biofixation efficiency was obtained with 10% CO2, 60ppm SO2, 100ppm NO and 40ppm ash (55.0±3.1%). The biomass compositions in the assays were similar, with approximately 9.8% carbohydrates, 13.5% lipids and 62.7% proteins.
Data on the effect of in utero exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in lung tissues.

Abstract Data in this article depict patterns of methylation in lung tissues obtained from the offspring of B6129SF1/J dams and 129S1/SvImJ sires exposed in utero to benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) or dibenzo[ def,p ]chrysene (DBC) as compared to non-exposed offspring. Genome-wide methylation of lung tumors in adult offspring was determined using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) with the NimbleGen mouse DNA methylation CpG island array. This data article refers to the research article “DNA methylation in lung tissues of mouse offspring exposed in utero to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,” [1] in which comprehensive data interpretation and analysis are provided.
An examination of sex differences on neurocognitive functioning and behavior problems in maltreated youth.

Objective In the developmental traumatology model, the biological construct of sex is considered a moderator that may negatively influence child maltreatment sequelae including those pertaining to neurocognitive function. Method This study examined sex-differences in neurocognitive function and behavior problems in maltreated boys (n = 42), maltreated girls (n = 56) versus nonmaltreated boys (n = 45) and girls (n = 59). Maltreated boys were hypothesized to have poorer neurocognitive functioning than maltreated girls, and nonmaltreated boys and girls, in all neurocognitive domains, particularly pertaining to executive function and attention. We also examined correlations between cognitive function and parent report of child behavior problems for maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Results Maltreated boys performed more poorly on measures of intelligence, attention, language, memory, executive function, and academic achievement in both reading and math than nonmaltreated boys. Maltreated boys did not perform more poorly on these cognitive measures or behavioral measures than maltreated girls, except for one memory measure. Maltreated girls performed more poorly on measures of intelligence, language, memory, executive function, and academic achievement than nonmaltreated girls. Maltreated girls with better visual-spatial skills had more internalizing and externalizing problems. Effect sizes for these sex differences ranged from small to large. Conclusions Both maltreated boys and girls showed poorer cognitive function than their nonmaltreated sex-matched controls. Maltreated girls had subtle sparing of attention and short-term memory (STM). Understanding sex differences in neurocognitive functioning may have implications for designing large population studies of maltreated youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
Mechanical challenges and cytoskeletal impairments in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histologically defined form of kidney injury typically mediated by podocyte dysfunction. Podocytes rely on their intricate actin-based cytoskeleton to...
Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates.

Abstract Euprimates are unusual among mammals in having fingers and toes with flat nails. While it seems clear that the ancestral stock from which euprimates evolved had claw-bearing digits, the available fossil record has not yet contributed a detailed understanding of the transition from claws to nails. This study helps clarify the evolutionary history of the second pedal digit with fossils representing the distal phalanx of digit two (dpII), and has broader implications for other digits. Among extant primates, the keratinized structure on the pedal dpII widely varies in form. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers have narrow, distally tapering, dorsally inclined nails (termed a ‘grooming claws’ for their use in autogrooming), while extant anthropoids have more typical nails that are wider and lack distal tapering or dorsal inclination. At least two fossil primate species thought to be stem members of the Strepsirrhini appear to have had grooming claws, yet reconstructions of the ancestral euprimate condition based on direct evidence from the fossil record are ambiguous due to inadequate fossil evidence for the earliest haplorhines. Seven recently discovered, isolated distal phalanges from four early Eocene localities in Wyoming (USA) closely resemble those of the pedal dpII in extant prosimians. On the basis of faunal associations, size, and morphology, these specimens are recognized as the grooming phalanges of five genera of haplorhine primates, including one of the oldest known euprimates (∼56 Ma), Teilhardina brandti. Both the phylogenetic distribution and antiquity of primate grooming phalanges now strongly suggest that ancestral euprimates had grooming claws, that these structures were modified from a primitive claw rather than a flat nail, and that the evolutionary loss of ‘grooming claws’ represents an apomorphy for crown anthropoids.
Towards Open Set Camera Model Identification Using a Deep Learning Framework

Existing forensic camera model identification algorithms can be trained to accurately distinguish between a set of known camera models. In reality, however, an investigator may be confronted with an image that was not captured by one of these known models. If this happens, existing algorithms will associate this image with one of the known camera models. This is known as the open set problem. In this paper, we propose two different approaches to address the open set problem for camera model identification. To do this, we use a CNN to learn a set of deep forensic features. Our first approach replaces the CNN's classifier with a confidence score mapping which it thresholds to detect unknown models. Our second approach uses a set of ‘known unknown’ models to train a new classifier to identify unknown camera models. Experiments show that we can detect unknown camera models with a 97.74% accuracy.
Determinants of opioid abuse potential: Insights using intracranial self-stimulation.

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is one procedure that can be used for preclinical abuse potential assessment. In ICSS procedures, subjects with microelectrodes implanted into a brain-reward region are trained to press an operant response lever for pulses of electrical brain stimulation, and drugs are evaluated for their effectiveness to increase or "facilitate" ICSS responding (an abuse-related effect) or to depress ICSS responding (an abuse-limiting effect). ICSS has been used for decades to evaluate determinants of opioid abuse potential, and this article reviews pharmacological and biological determinants of opioid abuse potential as revealed by ICSS studies in rodents. One of the most important observations from ICSS studies is that abused mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists like morphine often fail to produce abuse-related ICSS facilitation in opioid-naive subjects, but several days of repeated opioid exposure is sufficient for opioid-induced facilitation to emerge. Future studies with ICSS could help (a) to clarify mechanisms that increase MOR agonist abuse potential during early opioid exposure or during chronic exposure leading to dependence, (b) to evaluate novel opioids either developed as candidate analgesics with reduced abuse potential or identified as designer opioids being synthesized and distributed for illicit use, and (c) to test candidate pharmacotherapies for treatment of opioid abuse in non-dependent and dependent subjects.
Carrier Transport in BJTs: from Ballistic to Diffusive and Off-Equilibrium

The continued down-scaling of transistor dimensions demands a deeper and deeper understanding of semiclassical and quantum transport in transistors. By discussing several examples, this talk summarizes the physics of semiclassical transport relevant to bipolar transistors. The goal is to review the comprehensive understanding of transport that has been developed over the decades and to do so in a way that provides a starting point for those who wish to dive deeper and for those who want to be knowledgeable users of TCAD tools.
Initial data for general relativistic simulations of multiple electrically charged black holes with linear and angular momenta

A general relativistic, stationary, and axisymmetric black hole in a four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetime is fully determined by its mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. The expectation that astrophysically relevant black holes do not posses charge has resulted in a limited number of investigations of moving and charged black holes in the dynamical, strong-field gravitational (and electromagnetic) regime, in which numerical studies are necessary. Apart from having a theoretical interest, the advent of multimessenger astronomy with gravitational waves offers new ways to think about charged black holes. In this work, we initiate an exploration of charged binary black holes by generating valid initial data for general relativistic simulations of black hole systems that have generic electric charge and linear and angular momenta. We develop our initial data formalism within the framework of the conformal transverse-traceless (Bowen-York) technique using the puncture approach and apply the theory of isolated horizons to attribute physical parameters (mass, charge, and angular momentum) to each hole. We implemented our formalism in the case of a binary system by modifying the publicly available TwoPunctures and QuasiLocalMeasures codes. We demonstrate that our code can recover existing solutions and that it has excellent self-convergence properties for a generic configuration of two black holes.
An intersection of digital historical preservation and heritage tourism: Prince Frederik's Battery, Virgin Islands National Park

Prince Frederik’s Battery was identified as significant to interpretation and preservation. In light of this, the St. Thomas Historical Trust was the recipient of an American Battlefield Protection Program Grant to assist with the documentation and preservation of this 18th century fortification. This paper focuses on the virtual restoration of Prince Frederick's Battery. Researchers recorded extant ruins using a laser scanner and registration of the point clouds, then reverse-engineered the scan data to create two-dimensional drawings. These were used to create a three-dimensional model of the site and a rendered animation. This project generated digital documentation for posterity and narratives that play an actual and virtual role for heritage tourism and a valuable connection to the local population—one that aligns with the unique heritage of the Virgin Islands.
Poverty, consumption, and counterintuitive behavior

The consumer behavior field has a long history of looking at impoverished persons with low socioeconomic status, as well as the circumstances within which they seek, acquire, and use goods and services. Over time, these investigations have moved from studies of domestic or US subpopulations to global investigations at the base-of-the-pyramid. The underlying premise is that the poor desire the same cornucopia of goods and services as more affluent counterparts, seeking alternative ways to enter their material worlds. However, studies have suggested that consumers who live in relative poverty, or below their societal consumption adequacy baseline, may think and behave differently than other, more affluent consumers. To consider one possible example, we examine the relative healthfulness of food choices by consumers in a participant-subject pool compared to individuals living in an impoverished community. For another comparison, a group of participants from the same pool was also selected to represent lower-income individuals. The results show major differences among them, revealing insights about impoverished consumers and the usefulness of sampling frames to study the poor.
World War I and the Origins of the Modern Food System

This forum explores how the demands of World War I shaped industrial food production, state control over distribution, and cultures of food consumption. As the belligerent nations strained to mobil...
Changes in Body Mass Index and Atherosclerotic Disease Risk Score After Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide.

Background Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) can improve renal function and bone mineral density in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The switch can also negatively influence cholesterol, but changes in body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk are unknown. Methods This retrospective observational study evaluated BMI and ASCVD risk score changes in virologically suppressed PWH who switched from TDF to TAF without switching other ART regimen components. Adults on TDF for ≥1 year with 2 consecutive HIV ribonucleic acid values <200 copies/mL before a TAF switch were included. Body weight, BMI, cholesterol, and ASCVD risk score were collected for the year before and after the switch. Pre- and postswitch values were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in BMI and ASCVD scores were modeled using generalized estimating equations regression. Results One hundred ten patients were included. In unadjusted analyses, there were significant increases in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and ASCVD risk score in the year after switching from TDF to TAF (each P ≤ .01). In regression models, switching from TDF to TAF was associated with a 0.45 kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.76) and a 13% increase in ASCVD risk score (95% CI, 4%-23%). Conclusions We observed significant BMI and ASCVD score increases in PWH 1 year after switching from TDF to TAF. The mechanism of changes is unclear and requires additional study.
A GPS-Based Evaluation of Factors Commonly Used to Adjust Cattle Stocking Rates on Both Extensive and Mountainous Rangelands

On the Ground • Published research provides guidelines to reduce stocking rates on areas >10% slope and >1.6 km from water because these areas may be considered ungrazeable. • Data from 180 cattle tracked by GPS collars for 1 to 4 months at seven ranches in New Mexico, Arizona, and Montana on average resulted in grazeable area calculations that were approximately 10% higher than those derived from published guidelines. • In several cases, published guidelines yielded more conservative stocking rate estimates compared with our GPS-based calculations. However, our data should be interpreted with caution because most data were collected over a single season or year. • Our results support recommending local experience and information be used in applying published guidelines to adjust stocking rates. These guidelines may not reflect site-specific management and the adaptability of cattle to local conditions. • Animal GPS tracking is a sound tool to monitor spatial impact of grazing on rangelands and could be used to enhance commonly used stocking rate adjustment tools, such as annual monitoring of precipitation, forage production, and grazing intensity on key areas.
Swimming in treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of swimming in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods 48 children with HIE were randomly divided into a control group(received conventional therapy) and an observation group(received swimming basing on conventional treatment).The weight gain and behavior ability scores of the two groups were compared.Results Day 10 and 42 of the treatment,the weight gains of observation group were (3.81 ± 0.53) kg and (4.52 ± 0.68) kg respectively,which were statistically better than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).22 and 23 cases had a behavior ability score over 35 points 14 and 28 days after the treatment in the observation group respectively,which were significantly more than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Swimming in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is effective and can markedly promote the children's weight gain and nervous system behavioral development. Key words: Swimming; Neonates; Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
The ATPase mechanism of myosin 15, the molecular motor mutated in DFNB3 human deafness

Cochlear hair cells each possess an exquisite bundle of actin-based stereocilia that detect sound. Unconventional myosin 15 (MYO15) traffics and delivers critical molecules required for stereocilia development and thus is essential for building the mechanosensory hair bundle. Mutations in the human MYO15A gene interfere with stereocilia trafficking and cause hereditary hearing loss, DFNB3, but the impact of these mutations is not known, as MYO15 itself is poorly characterized. To learn more, we performed a kinetic study of the ATPase motor domain to characterize its mechanochemical cycle. Using the baculovirus–Sf9 system, we purified a recombinant minimal motor domain (S1) by coexpressing the mouse MYO15 ATPase, essential and regulatory light chains that bind its IQ domains, and UNC45 and HSP90A chaperones required for correct folding of the ATPase. MYO15 purified with either UNC45A or UNC45B coexpression had similar ATPase activities (kcat = ∼ 6 s−1 at 20 °C). Using stopped-flow and quenched-flow transient kinetic analyses, we measured the major rate constants describing the ATPase cycle, including ATP, ADP, and actin binding; hydrolysis; and phosphate release. Actin-attached ADP release was the slowest measured transition (∼12 s−1 at 20 °C), although this did not rate-limit the ATPase cycle. The kinetic analysis shows the MYO15 motor domain has a moderate duty ratio (∼0.5) and weak thermodynamic coupling between ADP and actin binding. These findings are consistent with MYO15 being kinetically adapted for processive motility when oligomerized. Our kinetic characterization enables future studies into how deafness-causing mutations affect MYO15 and disrupt stereocilia trafficking necessary for hearing.
A APRENDIZAGEM DE ALUNOS COM NEE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR EM PORTUGAL: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ESTATUTOS INSTITUCIONAIS

As politicas inclusivas ampliaram a presenca de alunos com deficiencia na educacao basica ocasionando, progressivamente, o acesso ao ensino superior. Contudo, o crescimento da insercao no âmbito universitario precisa ser acompanhado de acoes que assegurem a permanencia dos estudantes. A investigacao teve como objetivo analisar os dispositivos para a aprendizagem previstos nos regulamentos de instituicoes de ensino superior portuguesas. A pesquisa qualitativa, de caracteristica documental, avaliou os estatutos de cinco universidades publicas que possuem regulamentacoes exclusivas para alunos com necessidades especiais de educacao (NEE), a partir da perspectiva hermeneutica. Sao apresentados os servicos de apoio que operam os estatutos nas instituicoes e analisados os dispositivos presentes nas normativas relativos ao acompanhamento docente, a avaliacao, aos prazos para o percurso formativo, aos recursos pedagogicos e de tecnologia assistiva, entre outros. Considera-se que as acoes compensatorias estabelecidas nos estatutos sao potencializadoras do percurso academico, ao reconhecer a diversidade dos estudantes e de suas modalidades de aprendizagem.
Pituitary Apoplexy Attributed to COVID-19 Infection in the Absence of an Underlying Macroadenoma or Other Identifiable Cause

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for an array of extrapulmonary manifestations, including direct and indirect neurological complications. Currently, all published cases noting pituitary apoplexy in patients with COVID-19 have discovered underlying pituitary macroadenomas. Herein, we describe the first documented case, to our knowledge, of pituitary apoplexy attributed solely to COVID-19 in the absence of other identifiable causes. While much remains to be discovered and understood regarding COVID-19, we discuss the potential pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated pituitary apoplexy and raise awareness of this clinical complication.
Receiver Design and Time of Arrival Estimation for Opportunistic Localization With 5G Signals

A comprehensive approach for opportunistic navigation with fifth-generation (5G) cellular signals that exploits the downlink channel is developed. The structure of possible 5G reference signals that can be exploited is presented. Then, a software-defined receiver (SDR) to extract navigation observables from cellular 5G signals is proposed. The statistics of the code phase error in a multipath-free environment and in the presence of multipath are derived, which are subsequently used to analyze the statistics of the position estimation error with different simulated channel models. Finally, experimental results are conducted to evaluate the ranging performance of the proposed SDR with real 5G signals. After removing the effect of the clock bias and drift from the estimated pseudorange, the ranging error standard deviation is shown to be 1.19 m.
DMD-Based Background Flow Sensing for AUVs in Flow Pattern Changing Environments

This letter is concerned with real-time background flow field estimation using distributed pressure sensor measurements for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The goal of this study is to enhance environmental perception of AUVs especially in dynamic environments with changing flow patterns. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a data-driven model reduction approach, is adopted to model the dynamic flow field using spatial basis modes and their corresponding temporal coefficients. This letter computes the DMD modes offline and applies a Bayesian filter to assimilate distributed pressure sensor measurements to estimate the DMD coefficients in real time. Further, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is used to determine the flow pattern/model represented by DMD modes. Aiming to address the flow sensing problem in flow pattern changing environments, the proposed approach is expected to greatly improve environmental perception of AUVs in dynamic and complex flows. Both simulation and experimental results of flow sensing using three testing prototypes are presented to validate the proposed method.
Exploring the Efficacy of a School-based Mindful Yoga Program on Socioemotional Awareness and Response to Stress among Elementary School Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a school-based mindful yoga program on socioemotional competence and response to stress among youth. Participants in this quasi-experimental study included 112 5th and 6th grade students from three private Catholic elementary schools located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Students in the intervention group received weekly lessons in mindfulness-based practices across the year from trained child yoga instructors. Participants completed self-report measures on empathic awareness, perspective-taking, and involuntary engagement with stress at pre- and post-test. Analyses suggest that the program was beneficial in preventing significant increases in rumination and intrusive thoughts for students in the intervention group. Physiological and emotional arousal also remained low among the intervention group, but the differences were not significant. Contrary to expectations, levels of empathic awareness and perspective-taking remained stable in the intervention group while increases were reported among students in the control group. School-based mindful yoga programming may support involuntary stress responses among youth and contribute to more informed self-reported socioemotional awareness.
Stay: A History of Suicide and the Philosophies Against It

A leading public critic reminds us of the compelling reasons people throughout time have found to stay alive Worldwide, more people die by suicide than by murder, and many more are left behind to grieve. Despite distressing statistics that show suicide rates rising, the subject, long a taboo, is infrequently talked about. In this sweeping intellectual and cultural history, poet and historian Jennifer Michael Hecht channels her grief for two friends lost to suicide into a search for history's most persuasive arguments against the irretrievable act, arguments she hopes to bring back into public consciousness. From the Stoics and the Bible to Dante, Shakespeare, Wittgenstein, and such twentieth-century writers as John Berryman, Hecht recasts the narrative of our "secular age" in new terms. She shows how religious prohibitions against self-killing were replaced by the Enlightenment's insistence on the rights of the individual, even when those rights had troubling applications. This transition, she movingly argues, resulted in a profound cultural and moral loss: the loss of shared, secular, logical arguments against suicide. By examining how people in other times have found powerful reasons to stay alive when suicide seems a tempting choice, she makes a persuasive intellectual and moral case against suicide.
Does Global Good Citizenship Begin at Home? Sexual Equality and Humanitarian Foreign Policy

Does greater sexual equality at home strengthen a state’s propensity to global good citizenship? Constructivist approaches to international relations suggest that deeper democracies may be more prone to support international human rights initiatives, going beyond the liberal democratic peace to a deep democratic human security promotion. Feminist perspectives highlight sexual equality as an important generator of deeper democracy. In theory, greater sexual equality may have multiple effects on foreign policymaking that should enhance cosmopolitan universalism. First, the direct empowerment of women as policymakers and civil society constituencies should shift states’ incentives for international initiatives. Greater sexual equality should also lead to diffuse socialization to peace, an ethic of care, and the promotion of equity. Finally, domestic sexual equality should have greater traction on state promotion of international human rights in democratic countries. We test these predictions using cross-country data on a wide variety of international human rights outcomes. We employ several multi-dimensional indices of gender equity that incorporate women’s political participation, legal, economic and social status, and gendered experience of insecurity. Controlling for factors linked to human rights foreign policy by previous research, we find that more equitable countries are more likely to support international commitments constraining state violence against individuals. States with more empowered women also provide more and higher quality development assistance. Moreover, sexual equality raises countries’ support for international measures to combat discrimination against women and on the basis of sexual orientation. As expected, sexual equality is more supportive of human rights foreign policy in democratic countries. Sexual equality appears to yield less benefit for participation in costly “high politics:” international legal institutions, promotion of economic rights through concessionary trade policies, or adoption of diplomatic sanctions against pariah states, unless it is bolstered by democratic institutions. These trends also appear in samples that exclude Western democracies.
Molecular Restriction of Anti-DNP Antibodies Induced by (DNP)2-Gramicidin S

The molecular properties of anti-DNP antibodies were studied in 80 rabbits hyperimmunized with (DNP) 2 -gramicidin S. Unimmunized animals or those previously skin-painted with DNFB were subjected to biweekly injections of (DNP) 2 -gramicidin S. Isoelectric focusing revealed that the spectrotypes of the anti-DNP antibodies fell into three classifications: monoclonal, 18 to 21%; biclonal, 21 to 30%; and restricted, 14 to 26%. In each immunization protocol 35% of the rabbits did not respond. Longer time periods and more intensive immunization were necessary to achieve an anti-DNP response than with conventional DNP-protein conjugates, with skin painting tending to shorten the overall response time. The anti-DNP responses were invariant with respect to affinity and isoelectric spectra regardless of the immunization protocol or degree of restriction. Chain reassociation studies on antibodies purified from the sera of rabbits displaying monoclonal spectrotypes provide additional evidence that such antibodies are biosynthetically homogeneous. These data support the concept that carrier complexity influences the heterogeneity of the anti-hapten response but strongly suggests that the genetics of an outbred population may be an overriding factor in controlling response heterogeneity.
Performance analysis of interactive systems

Many topics are covered by the science (art?) of system performance analysis. Among these are measurement of existing systems, tuning, performance evaluation, design of control algorithms, system modeling, workload characterization, and performance prediction. After giving a brief summary of these topics, the paper will concentrate on the last three. It will describe how existing workloads can be measured and analyzed routinely so as to produce the inputs required by analytic system models. These models employ queueing network formulations which allow the workload to consist of several user classes with different characteristics. Such models have been validated successfully against real systems, but some problems, particularly relating to paging in virtual memory systems, have so far not received definitive solutions.
Achieving Decoupling with Predictive Controllers

Predictive controllers such as Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) and Internal Model Control (IMC) are formulated as true multivariable control systems rather than as traditional multiloop systems. For many processes such predictive controllers perform well with a minimum of interaction between controlled variables. However, for some processes strong coupling between outputs can occur when predictive controllers are used to implement step changes in set points. A new technique is presented which yields decoupled set-point changes while retaining the original load disturbance rejection properties of the controller. The technique uses a particular time-varying set-point trajectory to enforce decoupled set-point changes in the closed-loop system.
Survival of Gram-Negative Bacteria on Plastic Compounded with Hexachlorophene

Gram-negative bacteria representing nine genera were screened for their ability to survive surface exposure to polyethylene sheet plastic containing chemically compounded hexachlorophene (0.25%). Subcultures were made at hourly intervals over a 6-hr period of time. An exceedingly large drop in viable cells beginning at the 1-hr exposure was noted for each genus except one tested on the hexachlorophene-plastic, whereas most nonadditive controls grew bacterial colonies too numerous to count.
Seminal Shedding of CMV and HIV Transmission among Men Who Have Sex with Men

As in many urban areas in the United States, the largest burden of the HIV epidemic in San Diego is borne by men who have sex with men (MSM). Using data from well-characterized HIV transmitting and non-transmitting partner pairs of MSM in San Diego, we calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) of HIV transmissions for different co-infections common among MSM in this area. We found that over a third of HIV transmissions could be potentially attributed to genital shedding of cytomegalovirus (CMV) (111 transmission events), compared to 21% potentially attributed to bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) (62 events) and 17% to herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) (51 events). Although our study cannot infer causality between the described associations and is limited in sample size, these results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing CMV shedding might be an attractive HIV prevention strategy in populations with high prevalence of CMV co-infection.
Sarah Orne Jewett's Tolstoyan Stories

In a letter of December 1888, the American writer Sarah Orne Jewett (18491909) announced that a story of Tolstoy's was so exciting that she could not sleep until almost morning, for she "never felt the soul of Tolstoy's work until last night, something of it in Katia, but now I know what he means." Startled because she was "simply feeling the same kind of motive" while writing "The Gray Man," she claimed that a half dozen of her stories, including "Lady Ferry" and "Beyond the Tailgate," gave her the feeling that she was doing "something of what Tolstoy has been doing all along" (38). Not only were the stories she indicated decidedly non-Tolstoyan, they were published between 1878 and 1886, years before she experienced Tolstoy's art in 1888. Her comments are nevertheless valuable in establishing the chronology of her reading and its impact on her subsequent work.
Molecular characterization of Marek's disease herpesvirus B antigen.

The Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) B antigen (MDHV-B) was identified and molecularly characterized as a set of three glycoproteins of 100,000, 60,000, and 49,000 apparent molecular weight (gp100, gp60, and gp49, respectively) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after immunoprecipitation from [35S]methionine-labeled infected cells by specific rabbit antiserum directed against MDHV-B (R alpha B), as previously determined by immunodiffusion. Further identification was accomplished by blocking this immunoprecipitation with highly purified MDHV-B. The same set of three polypeptides was also immunoprecipitated from [35S]methionine- and 14C-labeled infected cells with two other sera shown to have anti-B activity, i.e., rabbit anti-MDHV-infected-cell plasma membrane (R alpha PM) and immune chicken serum from birds naturally infected with MDHV. The three herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) B-antigen (HVT-B) glycoproteins immunoprecipitated with all three sera containing anti-B activity were also shown to be identical in size to those of MDHV-B by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE. These data serve to clarify the molecular identification of the polypeptides found in common between MDHV and HVT by linking them to MDHV-B, previously identified only by immunodiffusion, and to a similarly sized set of immunologically related common glycoproteins called gp100, gp60, and gp49, detected with monoclonal antibody by other workers. Tunicamycin inhibition of N-linked glycosylation resulted in either nonglycosylated or O-linked glycosylated putative precursors of MDHV-B and HVT-B with apparent molecular weights of 88,000, called pr88, and 44,000, tentatively called pr44, both immunoprecipitable with all three sera. However, the relationships of these two polypeptides to each other and to the overall precursor-processing relationship of the MDHV-B complex remains to be elucidated. The three fully glycosylated B-antigen polypeptides were not connected by disulfide linkage. Collectively, the data presented here and by others support the conclusion that all three glycoproteins now identified as gp100, gp60, and gp49 have MDHV-B determinants. Finally, detection of the same three polypeptides with well-absorbed R alpha PM, which was directed against purified infected-cell plasma membranes, suggests that at least one component of the B-antigen complex has a plasma membrane location in the infected cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The decision value of management support systems for strategic hospital management

Several studies have shown that selected management support systems (MSS) favorably impact decision making. Others have theorized that additional benefits could be achieved by consolidating the separate system functions to form an integrated management support system. There have been few, if any, reported empirical tests of this theory. This article offers empirical evidence on integrated MSS effectiveness. It points to the general literature on MSS effects, notes an empirical gap in this literature, and reports the results of experiments that assess the influences of a specific integrated MSS on the process and outcomes of strategic hospital decision making.
Regulation of expression of glial filament acidic protein.

Summary The regulation of cell type-specific expression of the gene encoding glial filament acidic protein (GFAP) was examined by introducing various deletion mutants of the gene into GFAP-expressing(U251 human astrocytoma) and non-expressing (HeLa) cell lines, and measuring their transcriptional activity in an RNAase protection assay. The expression of GFAP is influenced by a number of cis-acting elements. A domain that resides between nucleotides −1631 and −1479 can confer cell type-specific expression when coupled to a heterologous gene. We also present evidence for the existence of a negative regulatory element that resides within the first intron of the GFAP gene.
Notch-root plastic response by temperature measurement

It is an experimental fact that the majority of the irreversible work of plastic deformation in metals is converted to heat. Under adiabatic conditions the spatial distribution of heating is indicative of the spatial distribution of plastic work. Tiny thermocouples welded directly to a metal surface were found to provide adequate measurement speed and sensitivity to detect the temperature change associated with plastic deformation. An array of thermocouples was used with some success in determining plastic-zone size. The heating response was used to study notch-root plastic deformation following overloads and following various post-overload heat treatments. The notch-root plastic response was correlated directly with the notch-root residual-stress level. The degree of stress relief as a function of time and temperature found in the notched members studied agrees well with predictions made using the Larson-Miller parameter and relaxation data on other steels. The deformation response in notched-member tests following stress relief is in qualitative agreement with that predicted by mechanics analysis of cracked bodies done by others.
MOEM pressure and other physical sensors using photon tunneling and optical evanescent fields with exponential sensitivities and excellent stabilities

Evanescent optical fields and photon tunneling junctions can be used to monitor position of an object with an exponential sensitivity given by exp(-x/x 0 ) where x 0 is the fraction of the photon wavelength. Compared with electron tunneling methods, photon based physical sensors do not suffer from coulombic attractive forces (and backlashes) and tunneling junction deterioration that result in modification of the sensor sensitivity and excess noise, respectively. Experimental results obtained using fiber optic photon tunneling junctions and micromachined Si diaphragms clearly indicate the exponential sensitivity of these sensors. We will present these experimental data and discuss design rules and methodologies for photon tunneling physical sensors and accelerometers.