cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making room, affording hospitality: Environments of entertainment in Romeo and Juliet

a Making Room, Affording Hospitality: Environments of Entertainment in Romeo and Juliet Julia Reinhard Lupton University of California, Irvine Irvine, California Boy meets girl at party hosted by more or less responsible adult: it’s one of the oldest setups in the book, from Odysseus and Nausicaa and Cinder- ella and her prince to Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy. The motif is not unknown in Shakespeare either. Paternal hospitality, for example, occasions the irst encounters between Othello and Desdemona. 1 Act 1 of Romeo and Juliet is unusual, however, in spending so much time dramatizing the forms of planning, labor, and greeting that make such meetings possible, including inviting guests, clearing tables and moving furniture, adjusting light, music, and sound, welcoming late arrivals, and saying good- night. In Romeo and Juliet, all of this event- planning takes place within inherited scenarios of celebration: if Capulet’s “old accustom’d feast” (1.2.20) recollects the Christ- mas setting of Arthur Brooke’s poem, Shakespeare has chosen to reset the banquet in July, a “fortnight and odd days” to “Lammas- tide” (1.3.14- 15), a harvest festival celebrated on August 1 and coinciding with Juliet’s birthday. 2 In theater and in life, holiday often sets the stage for hospitality, in the form of seasonal festivities and life- cycle events that respond to ecological and biological rhythms of dearth and plenty, increase and decline. In this essay, I use hospitality as a framework that merges the theat- rical and the thematic in Shakespearean drama within dispositions of space that are at once urban, domestic, agrarian, and political- theological. This framework connects community to cosmos through its social and symbolic work. Hospitality embraces both theatrum and theatrum mundi: because hospitality as a social form involves sumptuary shifts and ceremonial extem- porizing in spaces that invite welcoming and display, hospitality also bears immediately upon the theater, drafting dramatic scenarios, lending itself to metadramatic relections and coincidences, and helping to shape rela- tionships among performers, theater technicians, and audience members. In Shakespearean drama, hospitality has the power to knit the things and JMEMS431_07Lupton_1PP.indd 145 Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 43:1, Winter 2013 DOI 10.1215/10829636- 1902576 © 2012 by Duke University Press 9/24/12 11:25 AM
GOoDA: The Generic Optimization Data Analyzer

Modern superscalar, out-of-order microprocessors dominate large scale server computing. Monitoring their activity, during program execution, has become complicated due to the complexity of the microarchitectures and their IO interactions. Recent processors have thousands of performance monitoring events. These are required to actually provide coverage for all of the complex interactions and performance issues that can occur. Knowing which data to collect and how to interpret the results has become an unreasonable burden for code developers whose tasks are already hard enough. It becomes the task of the analysis tool developer to bridge this gap. To address this issue, a generic decomposition of how a microprocessor is using the consumed cycles allows code developers to quickly understand which of the myriad of microarchitectural complexities they are battling, without requiring a detailed knowledge of the microarchitecture. When this approach is intrinsically integrated into a performance data analysis tool, it enables software developers to take advantage of the microarchitectural methodology that has only been available to experts. The Generic Optimization Data Analyzer (GOoDA) project integrates this expertise into a profiling tool in order to lower the required expertise of the user and, being designed from the ground up with large-scale object-oriented applications in mind, it will be particularly useful for large HENP codebases
The Importance of Wine Bottle Closures in Retail Purchase Decisions of Consumers

This study examines the importance of different wine bottle closures, such as natural cork, synthetic cork, and screw tops, in the retail purchase decision of wine by millennials and baby boomers. By segmenting consumers in this manner, it is possible to better understand their preferences and aid wine producers and retailers in directing their marketing and advertising efforts. The results of this study indicate that the type of bottle closure impacts the consumers purchase decision differently, depending on the type of purchase—whether for personal consumption, gift giving, or special occasion. Wineries and retailers of wine will find that closure type does impact consumer perceptions and its relevancy to market segmentation.
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Tics and Tourette Syndrome

Tics, patterned movements distinct from stereotypies, myoclonus, and other hyperkinetic movements, are quite common in children, particularly among those with developmental and psychiatric disorders. Thus, tics can indicate the presence of atypical neurodevelopment or broader difficulties with cognition or mood. Tics are also the cardinal feature of Tourette syndrome, a childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorder characterized by a chronic inability to suppress or an urge to perform patterned, repetitive movements. Patients with Tourette syndrome most commonly have, in addition to tics, symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, obsessiveness, or anxiety. Achieving the most effective treatment of a child with tics is contingent on proper diagnosis of the movement disorder and thorough assessment for other problems, followed by consideration of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for any and all symptoms interfering with the child's function and quality of life. This review focuses primarily on the diagnosis and medical treatment of tics in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.
Lung Cancer Screening and Elderly Adults: Do We Have Sufficient Evidence?

In this issue, Pinsky and colleagues present the results of their secondary analysis of data from the National Lung Screening Trial, in which they compared outcomes of screening with LDCT between M...
Dispersion Polymerization of MMA in Supercritical CO2 in the Presence of Copolymers of Perfluorooctylethylene Methacrylate and Poly(propylene glycol) Methacrylate

A series of random copolymers, poly(perfluorooctylethylene methacrylate)−poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate, were synthesized as dispersants for dispersion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate in CO2. The results show that the composition of copolymeric dispersants has a dramatic effect on the polymerization yield and on the morphology of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) particles. The effect of varying the dispersant concentration, monomer concentration, and the initial medium pressure on the resultant polymerization was also investigated.
The dhow as cultural icon: heritage and regional identity in the western Indian Ocean

Dhows, the traditional sailing ships of the western Indian Ocean, are currently used in museums, heritage sites and popular culture as a symbol of a regional culture in the western Indian Ocean. While scholars have embraced the notion of seas as cultural or historical units, this type of ‘basin thinking’ is a recent phenomenon in the Indian Ocean. Over the last 150 years the dhow has gone from being a despised symbol of the slave trade and economic underdevelopment to representing a romanticized past and a regional identity. This article traces the parallel development of the idea of the dhow as a symbol of regional identity and changing perceptions of both the vessels and the region it is taken to represent. It argues that recent representations of dhows as cultural heritage represent a new and developing notion of regional identity within the western Indian Ocean.
CONCRETION CYCLICITY OF OIL- AND GAS-BEARING FORMATIONS

The authors find that analysis of the occurrence and abundance of concretions can be used as a method of correlating, subdividing and studying the cyclic and lithofacies makeup of sedimentary oil- and gas-bearing sequences. The cyclicity of Mesozoic sedimentogenesis in West Siberia have been examined. Two indices are used to describe the distribution of concretions: concretion saturation, the number of concentrations per meter of section; and concretion content, the percentage content of concretions in a selected interval of section. On the basis of 550 wells, the authors plotted graphs showing the mean statistical distribution of carbonate concretions in the producing horizons of individual fields. The analysis shows that their distribution is very complicated, but in general the cyclic nature is controlled by the microstructural features of the host rocks. Results are discussed. 15 references, 3 figures.
A Comparison of Simultaneously Recorded Machine Drive Power and Compactometer Measurements

Continuous compaction control (CCC) systems are data acquisition systems installed on compaction equipment that continuously collect real-time information about the operation and performance of the compactor. An experimental research study was conducted to examine the type of data that is recorded by CCC equipment during road sub-base compaction of \select ll" granular materials using a smooth-drum vibratory roller. A prototype roller was utilized that allowed for simultaneous real-time machine drive power and compactometer measurements, which permitted independent and simultaneous evaluation of the degree of compaction of the soil. The behavior of the recorded machine drive power and compactometer values for dierent lifts and with increasing compactive eort for a single lift is presented and discussed. The statistical nature of the recorded CCC data sets is explored in detail, with a focus on distribution tting assessment techniques that are applicable for CCC data. Comparisons are also made between the simultaneously recorded machine drive power and compactometer measurements. The results and associated discussion that are presented are useful for understanding the variable nature of CCC data sets, and the observations that are made have prac- tical implications for the creation of CCC construction specications that are to be used to control the compaction process.
The Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene 7-Repeat Allele Interacts with Parenting Quality to Predict Effortful Control in Four-Year-Old Children.

The dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) 7-repeat allele has been found to interact with environmental factors such as parenting in children and peer attitudes in adults to influence aspects of behavior such as risk taking. We previously found that in toddlers, lower-quality parenting in combination with the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene was associated with greater parent-reported Sensation Seeking (SS), but was unrelated to Effortful Control (EC). We now report findings from a followup assessment with the same sample of children showing that parenting quality interacts with the presence of the 7-repeat allele to predict EC in 3- to 4-year-old children. The change in these patterns of results may reflect the increased role of the executive attention network in older children and adults. However, due to the small sample size () and the novelty of the results, these findings should be treated with caution and considered preliminary until they are replicated in an independent sample.
Evolutionary Sampling and Software Quality Modeling of High-Assurance Systems

Software quality modeling for high-assurance systems, such as safety-critical systems, is adversely affected by the skewed distribution of fault-prone program modules. This sparsity of defect occurrence within the software system impedes training and performance of software quality estimation models. Data sampling approaches presented in data mining and machine learning literature can be used to address the imbalance problem. We present a novel genetic algorithm-based data sampling method, named evolutionary sampling, as a solution to improving software quality modeling for high-assurance systems. The proposed solution is compared with multiple existing data sampling techniques, including random undersampling, one-sided selection, Wilson's editing, random oversampling, cluster-based oversampling, synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and borderline-SMOTE. This paper involves case studies of two real-world software systems and builds C4.5- and RIPPER-based software quality models both before and after applying a given data sampling technique. It is empirically shown that evolutionary sampling improves performance of software quality models for high-assurance systems and is significantly better than most existing data sampling techniques.
Optimal training designs for bayesian channel estimators with application in CDMA systems

In this paper, we address the problem of data transmission over a block fading frequency selective multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel. The encoded data symbols are passed through an affine precoder and sent over multiple transmit antennas. Affine precoding is a unifying model of the existing training schemes, namely, preamble based training, pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM), and superimposed training. Within this general model, we show that the channel Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is minimized if the precoded data and training symbols satisfy a special form of orthogonality. Under the power constraint on the training and the preceded symbols, we provide optimal and suboptimal training design guidelines
Shear Behavior of Corrugated Tie Connections in Anchored Brick Veneer–Wood Frame Wall Systems

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the shear behavior of corrugated metal ties anchoring brick veneer walls to light wood frame backing. Connection subassemblies were tested under monotonic and cyclic shear, simulating in-plane loading of veneer wall systems, and statistical analyses were conducted to identify and quantify the parameters influencing their behavior. Force-displacement curves obtained under monotonic loading can be considered an upper bound for the hysteresis loop envelopes. Fastener slippage during cyclic loading enabled by the localized damage of the surrounding wood fibers diminished the energy dissipation capacity of the connection and caused pronounced pinching in the hystereses. When corrugated ties with minimum thickness permitted by the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) Code were considered under in-plane loading, tie design and bend eccentricity were found to be the most important factors, while tie location in the bed joint, fastener type, and fastener qua...
Phase Noise Suppression for OFDM Systems Over Fast Time-Varying Channels

This paper derives a phase-noise suppression scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This scheme is a maximum likelihood approach that exploits the pilot subcarriers that exist in almost all practical OFDM systems. Compared with existing work, the proposed scheme has the following features: (a) we focus on phase-noise suppression for time-varying environments, which also cause intercarrier interference (ICI) along with phase noise. Most of the existing work considers quasi-static channels and tries to suppress the common phase error (CPE). As will be shown in this paper, in more realistic fast time-varying channels, the CPE term becomes much more complex and might significantly degrade the performance of estimators that assume a time-invariant channel, (b) the proposed algorithm is applicable for the two most common types of local oscillators: phase-locked and free-running, which have different phase-noise characteristics, (c) the proposed phase-noise suppression scheme does not require perfect channel equalization, whereas in some of the existing work the channel is assumed to be known a priori, and (d) doubly-selective fading is considered rather than assuming a time-invariant and/or flat- fading channel.
Tunable high quality-factor absorptive bandstop filter design

A two-pole, substrate-integrated, high quality(Q)-factor absorptive bandstop filter is demonstrated that exhibits enhanced selectivity over traditional reflective bandstop filter designs and higher Q-factor components than previous absorptive designs. With a Q-factor of 729, the presented filter has a peak isolation of 30 dB, a narrow 10-dB rejection bandwidth of 3.9 MHz that is tunable over 3.4–3.8 GHz, and an out-ofband insertion loss of 0.3 dB, exhibiting the same attenuation of a standard two-pole reflective notch filter with a Q-factor of 3100. These features enable channel-select isolation of high power interfering signals from closely separated receive bands without impacting receiver noise figure.
Hybrid silicon evanescent phase modulator based on carrier depletion in offset multiple-quantum-well

We demonstrate a phase modulator based on carrier depletion on the hybrid silicon evanescent platform. The device has a modulation efficiency of 4 V mm, along with a bandwidth of 100 nm and power capability up to 20 mW.
Established and novel methods of interrogating two-dimensional cell migration

The regulation of cell motility is central to living systems. Consequently, cell migration assays are some of the most frequently used in vitro assays. This article provides a comprehensive, detailed review of in vitro cell migration assays both currently in use and possible with existing technology. Emphasis is given to two-dimensional migration assays using densely organized cells such as the scratch assay. Assays are compared and categorized in an outline format according to their primary biological readout and physical parameters. The individual benefits of the various methods and quantification strategies are also discussed. This review provides an in-depth, structured overview of in vitro cell migration assays as a means of enabling the reader to make informed decisions among the growing number of options available for their specific cell migration application.
Time-derivative Lorentz material model-based absorbing boundary condition

A physically realizable electromagnetic absorber that is constructed from a time-derivative Lorentz material (TD-LM) model for the polarization and magnetization fields is used to define an absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for the finite-difference time-domain method. This Maxwellian ABC is shown to have performance characteristics that are comparable to the non-Maxwellian-Berenger (see J. Comput. Phys., vol.114, p.185-200, Oct. 1994) perfectly matched layer (PML) ABC.
Guideline for the Management of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (Stages Ta, T1, and Tis): 2007 Update

M ore than 60,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed each year in the US accounting for approximately 13,000 deaths annually. When initially diagnosed, most bladder cancers are nonmuscle invasive (also referred to as “superficial”) – i.e., either noninvasive and confined to the mucosa or invading the lamina propria but not yet invading the detrusor muscle. In 1999, the AUA published a report on the Management of Non-MuscleInvasive Bladder Cancer (Stages Ta, T1, and Tis) (AUA Guideline) produced by the AUA’s Bladder Cancer Clinical Guideline Panel. The report provided an evidence-based guideline for the patient with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and included management standards, guidelines, and options based on the strength of evidence and expected amount of variation in patient preferences. Since 1999 the field of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer has changed substantially with regard to the understanding of the molecular biology and clinical behavior of this heterogeneous disease. In addition, the growing body and quality of clinical research methodologies have improved during this period. The more recent publication of randomized controlled trials, the gold standard of treatment evaluation, has allowed the evaluation and comparison of various treatment modalities and has further verified the heterogeneous nature of this disease process. For these reasons, the AUA’s PGC elected to update the initial report by appointing a panel to develop a new guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer founded on evidence-based outcomes in the literature as well as expert opinion. Only topics with sufficient evidence on which to base conclusions have been addressed in this guideline. Index patients defined by the Panel will assist in
Nitrogen, Energy, and Weight Losses Associated with Drying and Grinding of Poultry Feed and Excreta

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine nitrogen, energy, and dry matter loss associated with the drying and grinding of poultry feed and excreta. Freeze-dried and 60 C oven dried excreta samples incurred similar weight losses; however, weight losses increased linearly when excreta samples were oven dried at 60, 100, or 120 C. Substantial sample losses (3.5 to 5.2%) due to grinding were observed. No nitrogen or energy losses from drying were detected from analyses of fresh and dried excreta. In the second experiment, feed (150 g) and excreta (150 g), which had been dried at 40 C and equilibrated with atmospheric moisture, were ground and stored in screw cap containers. One-gram subsamples were dried at 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, or 175 C for 24 hr. Residual weight decreased with increasing drying temperature. When expressed per gram of original sample, the energy content of feed and excreta samples remained unchanged by drying at 100 C or less but decreased significantly at higher temperatures. Nitrogen composition of feed and excreta samples exhibited a similar trend, except loss of excreta nitrogen (2% of the total) was significant at 100 C. In the final experiment, feed and excreta samples from the previous experiment were oven dried for 24 hr, extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide, and titrated with Karl Fischer reagent. Feed samples retained 5.5, 3.0, and .6% water, and excreta samples retained 5.9, 3.2, and .5% water when oven dried for 24 hr at 40, 60, or 80 C, respectively. When dried at 100, 120, or 140 C, decompositional losses amounted to .3, 1.5, and 2.3% for feed and 1.4, 2.8, and 4.5% for excreta, respectively. A drying temperature of 90 C was deemed to be the most satisfactory to remove water and yet prevent decomposition of feed and excreta samples.
Scale-model vehicle analysis using an off-the-shelf scale-model testing apparatus

A standard exercise treadmill is used to create a scale-model vehicle simulator. The motion of the treadmill beneath the scale-model vehicle simulates the motion of a full-size vehicle on a paved road. The scale-model testing apparatus incorporates off-the-shelf components and commercially available, scale-model vehicles which facilitates the development of the apparatus in an undergraduate setting. An overhead vision system provides a tether-free assessment of the vehicle's position and orientation. Dynamic similitude between the scale-model vehicle and an "average" full-size vehicle is achieved through a series of straightforward modifications to the scale-model vehicle. Preliminary results of longitudinal and lateral control designs are presented.
Usability of Web Interfaces on Mobile Devices

This paper describes the challenges and benefits of bringing web applications to mobile devices. It covers many guidelines, and best practices offered to developers to ease the transition to mobile devices. By using techniques such as changing the Delivery Context through Content Adaptation, developers can provide users with an improved experience on their device of choice.
Efficient replication control in distributed real-time databases

Summary form only given. Recently, the demand for real-time data services has been increasing. Many e-commerce applications and information services are requiring sophisticated real-time data support. A database is a core component for such real-time applications. Important to the functionality of real-time databases is data replication, which is used to meet critical time requirements. These requirements vary with different workloads; therefore, different methods of replication control are better suited for different workloads. We examine several methods of replication control and present two new methods for distributed real-time database systems. Our methods are more ideally suited for systems with non-static periodic transaction arrival patterns and systems with random transaction arrival patterns.
Schistosomiasis — From Genes to Latrines

Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum are widely distributed throughout the tropics (Fig. 1) . By the latest estimates, around 160 million people are infected and 550 million are at risk. In major endemic countries including Brazil, Egypt, the Phillipines and China, the toll of schistosomiasis is now well understood, and government sponsored control efforts are in progress. Effective drugs have become available, and the design of preventive campaigns has been rationalized and improved. Yet, in some of the least developed countries, e.g., around new water impoundments in Senegal and in Botswana (1) , schistosomiasis continues spreading and international health organizations have given up the hope of halting transmission and are concentrating on the less ambitious task of lowering schistosomiasis morbidity.
Behavioral Pharmacology of the Hallucinogens

The present investigations are concerned with ascertaining the features of the hallucinogenic molecule which are necessary for its unique effect. This may be the first step in explaining the mode of action of these drugs. It is clear that the fundamental prerequisite for any such program is the ability to reliably detect and quantify hallucinogenic activity using animal tests. In the present state of evolution of the biological sciences such a test can only be determined empirically. If it is possible to show that a particular behavioral change is unique for known hallucinogenic drugs then, with the normal scientific reservations which govern any animal experimentation, this may be used to investigate drug effects and examine unknown compounds for possible hallucinogenic activity. The usefulness of any such test must ultimately depend on its success when measured by the results obtained from human experimentation.
HydroUnits: supporting dimensional analysis in hydrologic computing systems using sensor-based standards

Unit representation in the Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) specified in the IEEE 1451 standards is a binary sequence of 10 octets that encode the physical units as a product of the seven Systeme International base units, plus radian and steradian, each raised to a rational power in addition to an unsigned integer indicating the structure of the unit. While this representation seems trivial, manual compilation is prone to be erroneous and impractical, especially for complex units used in the hydroclimatology field. Hence, the development of a software application to automatically generate this vector represents a critical step to both reduce work load and automate unit conversion. Existing conversion packages for manipulating units fall short in many ways and also suffer from not integrating with a units controlled vocabulary. We developed HydroUnits (Python-based) to compute the vectorial representation for the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc's Observations Data Model units for use in an IEEE 1451.0-based TEDS generator. In addition, the package has been extended to support dimensional analysis, unit reduction and unit conversion and contains provision to convert time series data between different unit systems.
The Birth of the Clinic: Pronatalism and the Politics of Assimilation in Colonial Senegal

While officials portrayed the introduction of French medicine to Senegal in stark terms, as a battle between science and superstition, the encounter between French medical institutions and local healing practices was far more complex than most administrators were willing to concede. Indeed, Senegalese were quite willing to integrate the medicine and advice offered at government-operated clinics and dispensaries into their own repertoires of healing practice and medicine. Nevertheless, their appropriation of Western medicine was often highly selective, contradicting the Manichaean worldview of French administrators. As this chapter will demonstrate, the success of colonial health interventions, particularly those aimed at maternal and infant health, hinged upon the meaning and power that African actors ascribed to colonial medical institutions. Situating the rise in prenatal consultations and hospital births against the backdrop of debates about cultural assimilation and citizenship in Senegal and the Four Communes, this chapter illustrates how Senegalese men and women made the hospital a site for social and political mobility within the context of colonial rule.
SY15-4GHRELIN AS A POTENTIAL NEW TARGET FOR ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT: RECENT CLINICAL DATA

The rewarding properties of natural and chemical reinforcers are mediated via multiple and complex pathways in the brain. There is an underlying disruption in reward processing in animal models of and individuals with …
Late Postclassic-Spanish Colonial Period Stone Tool Technology in the Southern Maya Lowland Area: The View from Lamanai and Tipu, Belize

ABSTRACTResearchers studying the Colonial period in the Maya lowland area recently have used ethnohistorical and archaeological information to better understand the complexities of Maya-Spanish interactions and the Spanish impact on traditional Maya culture. But the material objects that the Maya used during this time rarely have been analyzed in any formal or systematic ways. In this study I present the results of an analysis of the formal chipped stone tools from Lamanai and Tipu, two southern lowland Maya sites in Belize. Small side-notched chert, chalcedony and obsidian arrow points are the predominant tool form found in Late- Terminal Postclassic and Early Spanish Colonial period deposits at both sites. Variability in tool forms and manufacturing strategies exists both within and between each of the lithic assemblages, and the study of this variability can provide insights into Late Postclassic-Spanish Colonial Period Maya stone tool technology and, to some extent, the nature of Maya-Spanish interact...
The subgenus Scapuscutala of the genus Microtrombicula (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from North America.

The subgenus Scapuscutala Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960, of the genus Microtrombicula Ewing, is redescribed on the the basis of the type species, Trombicula crossleyi Loomis, and other closely similar species from North and South America, including M. trisetica (Loomis & Crossley), M. aequalis n. sp. (host, Peromyscus boylii rowleyi from Sonora, Mexico), M. fisheri n. sp. (host, Peromyscus truei lagunae from Baja California Sur, Mexico), M. intermedia n. sp. (host, Peromyscus eremicus anthonyi from Sonora, Mexico), M. mesoamericana n. sp. (host, Rattus rattus from Nayarit, Mexico, and from Nicaragua), and M. arandiai (Yunker & Brennan) from Bolivia. Rodents are the major hosts although species of Scapuscutala also have been found on other hosts, such as reptiles and birds. A key to the larvae is included.
Modification of the Shake Cloth Sampling Technique for Soybean Insect Research

A modification of the traditional shake cloth technique was devised to alleviate Some of the problems commonly encountered with its use in soybean insect research. The modification allows for the capture and containment of each arthropod sample in the field. The capture is rapid and observations of the number of active and alate species are therefore increased. Error incurred in the counts and identification of species in the field is reduced because contained samples may be returned to the laboratory for analysis. The modification makes use of inexpensive and easily constructed equipment. Many samples can be captured and contained in a work day. Use of the modified technique yielded higher mean observations in 76 of the 90 class (taxa and stages of development) comparisons than did the traditional technique. In most of the cases where means were different, the variances were not different. The modified technique yielded smaller coefficients of variation in 15 of the 22 cases where the variance among techniques differed significantly.
The Application of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data to the Assessment of the Wind Resource

Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) is not only a primary technical method to evaluate the development level of wind resource of a wind farm in plan, but it can also determine the annual energy production. The result of MCP can be influenced by the long term wind reference data, which means that if the long term wind reference data is low in credibility, the result of MCP is also unreliable; and then the wind resource assessment of the wind farm in plan can be false. However, in engineering practice, the long term wind reference data from meteorological stations can be affected by some objective factors, such as the new buildings around the wind masts; small trees around the wind masts can grow up to 20m or even higher, which would also affect the wind data. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, which are produced by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), is widely used as an alternative long term wind reference data. The dataset is available from January 1 in 1948 to the present and data samples are recorded every 6 hours. Surface wind data and 10 m wind data are available and are saved on a grid at 2.5 degree resolution at different air pressure levels ranging from 10 hPa to 1000 hPa. This paper studies the application of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset in the wind resource assessment, because of the low resolution of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the general MCP methods, such as the regression method, the Weibull scale method and the matrix method, are not sufficient any more; therefore, a new MCP method, named as wind index, is presented. For evaluate the feasibility of the dataset and the new MCP method, a case study is carried out. The calculated energy production of the studied wind farm, which is based on the long term wind reference data from meteorological stations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset are compared. The result shows that the calculated energy production is very close to real energy production, which means that different long term reference wind data and different MCP methods show almost same development level of wind resource. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset with wind index MCP method is a very reliable MCP calculation principle and can have a good practical value.
Receipt and use of free condoms among US men who have sex with men.

Objectives. Despite large public investments in condom distribution programs for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM), few evalua- tions have documented the reach of condom distribution programs or whether free condoms distributed to MSM are actually used. Among MSM recruited from social networking and dating websites, we examined the proportion who reported acquiring and using free condoms, and associations between select characteristics and reported acquisition and use of free condoms. Methods. We used baseline data from a prospective, online cohort of U.S. MSM. Participants reported acquiring free condoms in the 12 months before interview and, for those who acquired condoms and had anal intercourse, use of the free condoms they acquired. We used multivariable log binomial regres- sion models to describe factors associated with self-reported acquisition and use of condoms. Results. Of the 2,893 men in the analytic sample, 1,701 (59%) reported acquiring free condoms in the past year. Acquisition of free condoms was higher for men who were younger, more educated, recently tested for HIV, and had higher numbers of sex partners. Seventy-three percent of men who acquired free condoms reported using them; use was higher for men who were black, had been recently tested for HIV, and reported greater numbers of sex partners. Conclusions. Most MSM in our online sample reported receiving free con- doms, and most who acquired free condoms reported using them. These data suggest that condom distribution programs have reasonable reach and utility as part of a comprehensive package of HIV prevention interventions for U.S. MSM.
Spirituality and Peacemaking

Spirituality, the interior life and the practices that sustain it, can be found throughout the world, often but not always in association with institutionalized religion. This article examines those forms of spirituality that take peace as a primary value – linking them under the term ‘peace spirituality’ – and discusses their contributions to peacemaking under eight categories: moral grounding, vision, critique, resistance, nonviolence, conflict resolution, reconciliation, and building a tradition of peace spirituality. Historical examples are drawn largely from ‘world religions’, such as Judaism, Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism. The main exceptions are those taken from the religious life of the Five Nations (later called the Six Nations – also known as the Iroquois League). The distinction in general between spirituality that emerges out of so-called universal religions, as opposed to indigenous people’s religions, is largely artificial. There is far more crossover between these traditions than is generally recognized. Indigenous and tribal religions have universal elements to them, whereas universal religions have tribal elements to them. In both cases there are embedded hindrances as well as potential assets to the peace spirituality described below.
A demographic study of the exponential distribution applied to uneven-aged forests

A demographic approach based on a size-structured version of the McKendrick-Von Foerster equation is used to demonstrate a theoretical link between the population size distribution and the underlying vital rates (recruitment, mortality and diameter growth) for the population of individuals whose diameter distribution is negative exponential. This model supports the conclusion that the negative exponential distribution as applied to balanced natural uneven-aged stands is a stable equilibrium model under appropriate assumptions. These assumptions include constant recruitment of stems into the smallest class that balances total mortality, and a simple relation between per capita mortality and diameter growth. A simple maximum likelihood-based solution to parameter estimation in the inverse problem is developed allowing the estimation of recruitment and mortality given reasonable sample of diameters, along with an estimate of population size and diameter growth rate. Two sets of stand dynamics equations are developed that are based on (i) the form of the underlying negative exponential distribution, and (ii) more generally, from the derivation of the McKendrick-Von Foerster equation. Applications of the methods and their assumptions are discussed with regard to both managed and old growth uneven-aged stands. Stands or forests that are close to negative exponential structure and are judged to be reasonably close to steady state will have vital rates that support this model. In contrast, the negative exponential is likely more important and applicable as a pragmatic target distribution when used in managed forests.
Second-order accurate finite volume schemes with the discrete maximum principle for solving Richards’ equation on unstructured meshes

Abstract Richards’s equation describes steady-state or transient flow in a variably saturated medium. For a medium having multiple layers of soils that are not aligned with coordinate axes, a mesh fitted to these layers is no longer orthogonal and the classical two-point flux approximation finite volume scheme is no longer accurate. We propose new second-order accurate nonlinear finite volume (NFV) schemes for the head and pressure formulations of Richards’ equation. We prove that the discrete maximum principles hold for both formulations at steady-state which mimics similar properties of the continuum solution. The second-order accuracy is achieved using high-order upwind algorithms for the relative permeability. Numerical simulations of water infiltration into a dry soil show significant advantage of the second-order NFV schemes over the first-order NFV schemes even on coarse meshes. Since explicit calculation of the Jacobian matrix becomes prohibitively expensive for high-order schemes due to build-in reconstruction and slope limiting algorithms, we study numerically the preconditioning strategy introduced recently in Lipnikov et al. (2016) that uses a stable approximation of the continuum Jacobian. Numerical simulations show that the new preconditioner reduces computational cost up to 2–3 times in comparison with the conventional preconditioners.
Basic Collapse Criteria for Boiling Reactor-Fuel-Steel Mixtures

An energy balance, similar to the Hicks-Menzies concept but including a simple examination of the pressure versus temperature path to equilibrium, has been performed for mixtures of steel and mixed-oxide reactor fuel with ratios of mass of fuel to mass of steel ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 and with initial fuel temperatures from 3500 to 7500/sup 0/K. The results yield fundamental collapse criteria for the response of such a mixture to compressive perturbations and act as bounding criteria for potential compressive-driven recriticality when other criticality conditions are met.
Functional Teratology of the Cardiovascular and Other Organ Systems

Not all children are born in excellent physical condition. About one in 30 is born with anatomical abnormalities. Numerous others are born with functional problems of the central nervous, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and endocrine systems for which a structural basis is absent or not readily apparent. Like anatomical defects, these functional defects can jeopardize life and postnatal development. Some functional problems, like visible malformations, have a genetic basis. The numerous biochemical defects caused by single-gene effects are good examples of this category. Other functional problems are undoubtedly induced by environmental agents, e. g., the neurologic defects induced by methyl mercury (Reuhl and Chang, 1979) and ethanol (Streissguth et al., 1980).
Prognostic Effect and Longitudinal Hemodynamic Assessment of Borderline Pulmonary Hypertension.

Importance Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is diagnosed by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) value of at least 25 mm Hg during right heart catheterization (RHC). While several studies have demonstrated increased mortality in patients with mPAP less than that threshold, little is known about the natural history of borderline PH. Objective To test the hypothesis that patients with borderline PH have decreased survival compared with patients with lower mPAP and frequently develop overt PH and to identify clinical correlates of borderline PH. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study from 1998 to 2014 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, comprising all patients undergoing routine RHC for clinical indication. We extracted demographics, clinical data, invasive hemodynamics, echocardiography, and vital status for all patients. Patients with mPAP values of 18 mm Hg or less, 19 to 24 mm Hg, and at least 25 mm Hg were classified as reference, borderline PH, and PH, respectively. Exposures Mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Main Outcome and Measures Our primary outcome was all-cause mortality after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates in a Cox proportional hazards model. Our secondary outcome was the diagnosis of overt PH in patients initially diagnosed with borderline PH. Both outcomes were determined prior to data analysis. Results We identified 4343 patients (mean [SD] age, 59 [15] years, 51% women, and 86% white) among whom the prevalence of PH and borderline PH was 62% and 18%, respectively. Advanced age, features of the metabolic syndrome, and chronic heart and lung disease were independently associated with a higher likelihood of borderline PH compared with reference patients in a logistic regression model. After adjusting for 34 covariates in a Cox proportional hazards model, borderline PH was associated with increased mortality compared with reference patients (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.65; P = .001). The hazard of death increased incrementally with higher mPAP, without an observed threshold. In the 70 patients with borderline PH who underwent a repeated RHC, 43 (61%) had developed overt PH, with a median increase in mPAP of 5 mm Hg (interquartile range, −1 to 11 mm Hg; P Conclusions and Relevance Borderline PH is common in patients undergoing RHC and is associated with significant comorbidities, progression to overt PH, and decreased survival. Small increases in mPAP, even at values currently considered normal, are independently associated with increased mortality. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether early intervention or closer monitoring improves clinical outcomes in these patients.
Low-Dimensional Organometal Halide Perovskites

Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged as a highly promising class of functional materials for a variety of applications. The exceptional structural tunability enables these materials to possess three- (3D), two- (2D), one- (1D), and zero-dimensional (0D) structures at the molecular level. Remarkable progress has been realized in the research of perovskites in recent years, focusing mainly on 3D and 2D structures but leaving low-dimensional 1D and 0D structures significantly underexplored. Here we offer our perspective on the most exciting developments in the low-dimensional organometal halide perovskites. Due to the strong quantum confinement and site isolation, 1D and 0D perovskites exhibit remarkable and useful properties that are significantly different from those of 3D and 2D perovskites. The excitement about the recent developments lies not only in the specific achievements but also in what these materials represent in terms of a new paradigm in materials design.
Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England. By Catherine Hanley. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016. Pp. xi, 296. $40.00.)

This is a curious book. It is a popular narrative history without footnotes, endnotes, or notes of any kind, yet published by a major university press. It targets a nonacademic readership yet takes...
Mobile natural language database interface for accessing relational data

Information is constantly being stored and retrieved, from searching through and narrowing down millions of items on Amazon to uploading posts on Facebook. Without databases, information could not be as easily shared and found. Most users are only able to search keywords to find information in a database or are not given many options to find the information they need. In order to directly access and manage a database, SQL, Structured Query Language, is needed. Of course, most users are not technically savvy and are not familiar with the syntax of SQL. The best way seems to be if users were able to ask a question naturally in their own native language and have SQL statements, CRUD operations, like insert, update, etc. generated from that initial question or statement. Therefore, using natural language instead of SQL, a non-technical user could easily manipulate a database, or a certain view of a database, while not being time-consuming. The contribution of this work is to take the idea of Natural Language, apply it to databases, and examine the advantages and disadvantages of creating a new, lightweight, Natural Language Database Interface.