cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses of a vulnerable Hispanic population in New Jersey to Hurricane Sandy: Access to care, medical needs, concerns, and ecological ratings.

ABSTRACTRecent increases in hurricanes led to a need to evaluate access to medical care, medical needs, and personal and community impact on vulnerable populations, particularly elderly, low income, and minority communities. This investigation examined (1) access to care, (2) interruptions in medical services, (3) personal impact from Hurricane Sandy, and (4) agreement with ecological statements related to storms, flooding, and damages in Hispanic/Latino patients receiving health care at Federally Qualified Health Centers in New Jersey. Only 10% of 335 Hispanic interviewees were US born. Self-identified personal impact was a better indicator of effects from Sandy, health center use, and medical issues, than community impact rating. Respondents who provided a high personal impact rating were more likely to have evacuated, had longer power outage, were more likely to need medical care, displayed more trouble getting to centers, and exhibited more medical interruptions during Sandy. A higher % respondents wh...
Current reuse triple-band signal source for multi-band wireless network-on-chip

A current reuse triple-band signal generator is proposed which simultaneously generates a first, second, and third harmonic output signal from a 26.5–30.2 GHz fundamental voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Transformer-based Gm boosting and passive 2nd harmonic extraction is proposed to achieve a good performance with exceptionally low power. A low-voltage modified Gilbert cell mixer generates the third harmonic while requiring minimal voltage overhead, facilitating an efficient current reuse topology. The fabricated signal generation circuit consumes 8 mW of power and achieves a 13% tuning range and a measured phase noise of −121 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The proposed signal source demonstrates best-in-class performance among multi-band signal sources.
A system map for the ionic liquid stationary phase 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide for gas chromatography

Abstract The solvation parameter model is used to prepare a system map for the retention of volatile organic compounds on the ionic liquid stationary phase 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (SLB-IL60) by gas chromatography over the temperature range 80–280 °C. Retention is governed by dispersion, dipole-type and hydrogen-bonding interactions with a different temperature dependence. The hydrogen-bond acidity of the SLB-IL60 column is unexpected since the stationary phase contains no hydrogen-bond acid groups and is not obviously connected to contributions from the deactivated column wall. The polarity number is shown to be a poor indicator of column retention properties. Principal component analysis with the system constants of the solvation parameter model as variables indicates that the properties of SLB-IL60 are not duplicated by any of the common poly(siloxane) and poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase chemistries in common use for column preparation. The SLB-IL60 column has similar selectivity to a poly(cyanopropylphenyldimethylsiloxane) stationary phase containing 50% cyanopropylphenyl siloxane monomer but the two columns are not selectivity equivalent. Poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phases indicated as most similar to SLB-IL60 based on their polarity numbers are shown to have quite different selectivity.
Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour

Per occasion, alcohol consumption is higher in adolescents than in adults in both humans and laboratory animals, with changes in the adolescent brain probably contributing to this elevated drinking. This Review examines the contributors to and consequences of the use of alcohol in adolescents. Human adolescents with a history of alcohol use differ neurally and cognitively from other adolescents; some of these differences predate the commencement of alcohol consumption and serve as potential risk factors for later alcohol use, whereas others emerge from its use. The consequences of alcohol use in human adolescents include alterations in attention, verbal learning, visuospatial processing and memory, along with altered development of grey and white matter volumes and disrupted white matter integrity. The functional consequences of adolescent alcohol use emerging from studies of rodent models of adolescence include decreased cognitive flexibility, behavioural inefficiencies and elevations in anxiety, disinhibition, impulsivity and risk-taking. Rodent studies have also showed that adolescent alcohol use can impair neurogenesis, induce neuroinflammation and epigenetic alterations, and lead to the persistence of adolescent-like neurobehavioural phenotypes into adulthood. Although only a limited number of studies have examined comparable measures in humans and laboratory animals, the available data provide evidence for notable across-species similarities in the neural consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure, providing support for further translational efforts in this context.
Evaluation of artifact-corrected electroencephalographic (EEG) training: a pilot study

This double-blind study examined the effect of electromyographical (EMG) artifacts, which contaminate electroencephalographical (EEG) signals, by comparing artifact-corrected (AC) and non-artifact-corrected (NAC) neurofeedback (NF) training procedures. 14 unmedicated college students were randomly assigned to two groups: AC (n = 7) or NAC (n = 7). Both groups received 12 sessions of NF and were trained using identical NF treatment protocols to reduce their theta/beta power ratios (TBPR). Outcomes on a continuous performance test revealed that the AC group had statistically significant increases across measures of auditory and visual attention. The NAC group showed smaller gains that only reached statistical significance on measures of visual attention. Only the AC group reduced their TBPR, the NAC group did not. AC NF appears to play an important role during training that leads to improvements in both auditory and visual attention. Additional research is required to confirm the results of this study.
Monoamines differentially modulate neuropeptide release from distinct sites within a single neuron pair

Monoamines and neuropeptides often modulate the same behavior, but monoaminergic-peptidergic crosstalk remains poorly understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the adrenergic-like ligands, tyramine (TA) and octopamine (OA) require distinct subsets of neuropeptides in the two ASI sensory neurons to inhibit nociception. TA selectively increases the release of ASI neuropeptides encoded by nlp-14 or nlp-18 from either synaptic/perisynaptic regions of ASI axons or the ASI soma, respectively, and OA selectively increases the release of ASI neuropeptides encoded by nlp-9 asymmetrically, from only the synaptic/perisynaptic region of the right ASI axon. The predicted amino acid preprosequences of genes encoding either TA- or OA-dependent neuropeptides differed markedly. However, these distinct preprosequences were not sufficient to confer monoamine-specificity and additional N-terminal peptide-encoding sequence was required. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TA and OA specifically and differentially modulate the release of distinct subsets of neuropeptides from different subcellular sites within the ASIs, highlighting the complexity of monoaminergic/peptidergic modulation, even in animals with a relatively simple nervous system.
Do Homeopathic Nosodes Protect Against Infection? An Experimental Test

Context For centuries, homeopathic practitioners have claimed that serially agitated dilutions of infectious agents (called "nosodes") are effective in the prevention of infectious disease. However, no rigorous tests of this claim have been performed. Objective To test whether a nosode of Francisella tularensis-infected tissue could protect from subsequent challenge with this pathogen in vivo. Design Experimental laboratory test. Setting A P3 containment laboratory at an infectious disease research facility. Participants 142 male C3H/HeN specific, pathogen-free mice. Intervention Six levels of a nosode prepared from tularemia-infected tissue were produced. All exposures were below the lowest level at which a classical vaccination response was expected. The nosode and dilutent control solutions were administered orally (.03 mL, 3 times per week) for 1 month before and after challenge. Animals were challenged with a potentially lethal dose (LD50 or LD75) of F tularensis, then evaluated for time of death and total mortality. Main outcome measures Mortality and time to death. Results In a series of 15 trials (n = 142), the tularemia nosode consistently produced increased mean times to death. All but 2 of 15 trials showed reduced time to death in the nosode group and decreased mortality compared with controls. Protection rates averaged 22% over controls compared to 100% protection by standard vaccination. Conclusions This study found partial protection from a nosode of tularemia in dilutions below those expected to have protective effects, but not as great as those produced by standard vaccination. If homeopathic nosodes can induce protection from infectious agents for which vaccination is currently unavailable, they may provide an interim method of reducing morbidity or mortality from such agents.
Stress: Homeostasis, Rheostasis, Allostasis and Allostatic Load

Stress denotes an event that threatens to exceed the capacity of the individual to cope behaviorally and physiologically. Allostasis denotes the process by which the body adapts to a stressor in order to maintain homeostasis. Homeorheusis, rheostasis, and homeodynamics are terms that address related issues. Allostatic load and overload are terms that refer to the cumulative effects of chronic stress and a lifestyle that is related to coping with stressful experiences. The brain is the key organ which interprets what is threatening and controls the physiological and behavioral response. The brain is also a target of stress.
The Pharmacology of Dexfenfluramine

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the pharmacology of anti-obesity drug dexfenfluramine. The dexfenfluramine molecule resembles d-amphetamine in that it contains a substituted phenylethylamine moiety. It is a serotoninergic agent that acts in three ways to enhance serotonin-mediated neurotransmission in the brain. Dexfenfluramine has no sympathomimetic properties; its administration tends to lower blood pressure, not raise it. The principal metabolite of dexfenfluramine, comprising perhaps 33% of the total fenfluramine in brains of people taking the drug, is dexnorfenfluramine. This compound has important pharmacological properties, mediating two of the three processes through which dexfenfluramine enhances serotonin-mediated neurotransmission. It releases serotonin from presynaptic terminals directly into synapses, and it also activates the postsynaptic 5-HT-2C receptors that probably underlie the drug's weight-reducing effects. Dexfenfluramine itself acts as a serotonin-reuptake blocker. The weight loss associated with dexfenfluramine treatment principally reflects decreased food intake; the drug also probably causes a small increase in calorie utilization. It decreases food consumption in two ways: it first speeds the onset of satiety, and second, it selectively suppresses the desire of many patients to overeat carbohydrates. Unlike the amphetamines, it apparently does not significantly reduce dietary protein intake, a desirable property for a drug that can be administered in a long term.
Innovation in the treatment of bipolar depression.

J Clin Psychiatry 2014;75(10):e1185 (doi:10.4088/JCP.14com09351). © Copyright 2014 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. T treatment of depression in patients with bipolar disorder is fundamental to the management and prognosis of this condition. Despite multiple adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled studies that demonstrate that antidepressants added to mood stabilizers are no more effective in bipolar illness than placebo,1–3 and are potentially problematic,4,5 the use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar illness remains controversial.6 The confusion derives, in part, from studies showing that antidepressants added to antipsychotics (in type I patients), or used as monotherapy (in type II patients), are effective acutely.7–9 Continued widespread use of antidepressants in bipolar depression10 is probably emblematic of the lack of effective alternatives in a disorder in which depression is the predominant mood.11–13 This unmet need has become fertile ground for a small flowering of innovation in psychiatry. For example, sub–antipsychotic doses of secondgeneration antipsychotics are being repurposed for bipolar depression.14,15 In this issue, Calabrese and colleagues16 present data for another novel option for the treatment of bipolar depression. Armodafinil, and modafinil before it, have been shown in randomized, placebo-controlled studies17 to be safe and effective in the acute treatment of bipolar depression when added to a mood stabilizer. The true value of these studies extends beyond the value of yet another option for depressed patients with bipolar illness. While the mechanisms of action of armodafinil and modafinil are not known, they do not alter serotonin. Rather, they appear to augment signals of dopamine and histamine.18,19 As such, they are the only available prohistamine antidepressant agents used in bipolar illness. Thus, Calabrese and colleagues’ article is introducing a new class of antidepressant treatment for bipolar disorder. Despite the importance of the study, it has clear problems. The effect size was small, and the reason for that is not clear. Armodafinil’s separation from placebo occurred late in the study. It is clear that additional studies are needed to confirm these data and clarify the optimal dose. Furthermore, maintenance studies are required to ensure that the destabilization of the illness that happens with antidepressants does not happen with armodafinil. Ongoing development of these agents, by providing a safe and effective alternative to antidepressants, may ultimately make antidepressant avoidance less controversial in the treatment of bipolar depression. Author affiliations: Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Potential conflicts of interest: Dr El-Mallakh has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Otsuka, and Sunovion. Funding/support: None reported.
Integration of Chemosensory Information in Aquatic Invertebrates

Previous chapters in this volume have considered the molecular nature and distribution of chemical signals in aquatic environments (Chap. 1), the behavior of aquatic invertebrates associated with stimulus acquisition (Chap. 2), and the structure (Chap. 11) and functional organization of chemoreceptors in aquatic invertebrates (Chap. 14). The present chapter continues this logical progression from stimulus to response by considering the fate of the information the chemoreceptor cells of aquatic invertebrates send to the CNS. This is a bittersweet topic, in that our understanding of chemosensory processing in invertebrates is just beginning, even though numerous species of invertebrates have served as important animal models in neurobiology and their motor organization is well understood. In fact, the best-characterized motor networks typically underlie behaviors such as feeding that are naturally triggered by chemical stimuli. Understanding chemosensory processing in these organisms would be a major step towards deciphering the “black box” in which sensory input is coupled to motor output, and ultimately to behavior.
Bis[methyl 3-(propyl-amino)-but-2-eno-ato]zinc.

The title compound, [Zn(C8H14NO2)2], represents a zinc complex with the Zn2+ cation coordinated by two O and two N atoms in a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
A WAVE PROPAGATION COMPUTATION TECHNIQUE USING FUNCTION THEORETIC REPRESENTATION

For this proceedings, we give an overview of our use of a function theoretic representation to transmute solutions of the idealized Helmholtz equation with constant coefficients into solutions of the perturbed Helmholtz equation with variable coefficients. This allows us to model a variable index of refraction, which in this case depends only on the depth coordinate. Acoustic waves for the idealized Helmholtz equation can be treated analytically. The changes due to perturbations can be treated numerically and incorporated with the help of function theoretic representations of the acoustic waves.
Applicant Reactions to Online Background Checks: Welcome to a Brave New World

Evidence suggests widespread use of online information by HR professionals during the selection process, but little research to date has examined applicant reactions to this procedure. We use Gilli...
Mankind and the Masculine Pleasures of Penance

Through a close examination of the fifteenth-century morality play, Mankind, this article argues that scholarship should expand its current theoretical understandings of medieval penance. Mankind i...
EFFECTS OF PATISIRAN, AN RNA INTERFERENCE THERAPEUTIC, ON REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL DEFORMATION IN HEREDITARY TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOIDOSIS: THE APOLLO STUDY

Cardiac amyloidosis patients demonstrate reduced myocardial strain with relative sparing of the cardiac apex. In APOLLO, patisiran reduced NT-proBNP and left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and improved global longitudinal strain (GLS) relative to PBO in patients with hereditary transthyretin
Efficient design for MPI asynchronous progress without dedicated resources

Abstract The overlap of computation and communication is critical for good performance of many HPC applications. State-of-the-art designs for the asynchronous progress require specially designed hardware resources (advanced switches or network interface cards), dedicated processor cores or application modification (e.g. use of MPI_Test). These techniques suffer from various issues like increasing code complexity/cost and loss of available compute resources for end applications. In this paper, we take up this challenge and propose a simple yet effective technique to achieve good overlap without needing any additional hardware or software resources. The proposed thread-based design allows MPI libraries to self-detect when asynchronous communication progress is needed and minimizes the number of context-switches and preemption between the main thread and the asynchronous progress thread. We evaluate the proposed design against state-of-the-art designs in other MPI libraries, including MVAPICH2, Intel MPI, and Open MPI. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach at microbenchmark level and at the application level at scale on five different architectures, including Intel Broadwell, Intel Xeon Phi (KNL), IBM OpenPOWER, and Intel Skylake with InfiniBand and Omni-Path interconnects. Compared to other state-of-the-art designs, our proposed approach shows up to 60%, 36%, and 50% improvements for All-to-one, One-to-all, and All-to-all communication patterns respectively at 816 processes. Our design shows 41% performance improvement for SPEC MPI compute-intensive applications, 63% performance improvement for P3DFFT application, and 28% higher throughput for HPL.
Groundwater discharge to the western Antarctic coastal ocean

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) measurements have been limited along the Antarctic coast, although groundwater discharge is becoming recognized as an important process in the Antarctic. Quantifying this meltwater pathway is important for hydrologic budgets, ice mass balances and solute delivery to the coastal ocean. Here, we estimate the combined discharge of subglacial and submarine groundwater to the Antarctic coastal ocean. SGD, including subglacial and submarine groundwater, is quantified along the WAP at the Marr Glacier terminus using the activities of naturally occurring radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra). Estimated SGD fluxes from a 224Ra mass balance ranged from (0.41 ± 0.14)×104 and (8.2 ± 2.3)×104m3 d−1. Using a salinity mass balance, we estimate SGD contributes up to 32% of the total freshwater to the coastal environment near Palmer Station. This study suggests that a large portion of the melting glacier may be infiltrating into the bedrock and being discharged to coastal waters along the WAP. Meltwater infiltrating as groundwater at glacier termini is an important solute delivery mechanism to the nearshore environment that can influence biological productivity. More importantly, quantifying this meltwater pathway may be worthy of attention when predicting future impacts of climate change on retreat of tidewater glaciers.
Secondary Seed Dormancy of Rhododendron catawbiense and Rhododendron maximum

Abstract Seeds of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron) and Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) were germinated at 25C (77F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25/15C (77/59F...
Developing a Black Feminist Analysis for Mental Health Practice: From Theory to Praxis

AbstractThe use of a Black feminist therapeutic perspective represents an intellectual and practical effort to use racial consciousness to place the authentic reality of Black women at the center o...
A Scalable High-Gain and Large-Beamwidth mm-wave Harvesting Approach for 5G-powered IoT

In this effort, the authors demonstrate for the first time the implementation of a Rotman-Lens-based rectenna system for mm-wave harvesting, in the 28 GHz band. The structure merges unique RF and DC combination techniques, for the realization of rectennas that display the unlike combination of high gain and large beamwidth. The Rotman-lens-based rectenna includes components–antennas, rectfiers, Rotman lens, and power combining network–whose design is first presented and performance is experimentally characterized and verified. Then, the fabrication and testing of the device, and that of a reference design–comprising a DC-combined array of rectennas of equal aperture–is presented. The novel Rotman-based rectenna harvester shows a 21-fold increase in the harvested power compared to its reference counterpart, while its angular coverage remains identical. The structure, therefore, demonstrates the surprising combination of high-gain and large beamwidth, thereby potentially enabling the emergence of passive long-range mm-wave RFIDs.
Fault Current Control and Protection in a Standalone DC Microgrid Using Adaptive Droop and Current Derivative

This article presents a novel fault detection, characterization, and fault current control algorithm for a standalone solar-photovoltaic (PV) based dc microgrids. The protection scheme is based on the current derivative algorithm. The overcurrent and current directional/differential comparison based protection schemes are incorporated for the dc microgrid fault characterization. For a low impedance fault, the fault current is controlled based on the current/voltage thresholds and current direction. Generally, the droop method is used to control the power-sharing between the converters by controlling the reference voltage. In this article, an adaptive droop scheme is also proposed to control the fault current by calculating a virtual resistance $R_{\mathrm{ droop}}$ , and to control the converter output reference voltage. For a high impedance fault, differential comparison method is used to characterize the fault. These algorithms effectively control the converter pulsewidth and reduce the flow of source current from a particular converter, which helps to increase the fault clearing time. Additionally, a trip signal is sent to the corresponding dc circuit breaker (DCCB), to isolate the faulted converter, feeder or a dc bus. The dc microgrid protection design procedure is detailed, and the performance of the proposed method is verified by simulation analysis.
Effects of urban proximity and the occurrence of erythroplastids in Antilophia galeata

Air pollution can generate changes in the morphology, physiology, and behavior of several animals, including birds, which, when responding to such environmental changes, can be used as biomonitors. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of erythrocyte nuclear anomalies comprise a useful tool for biomonitoring, with anucleated erythrocytes, called erythroplastids, being particularly significant. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the presence of erythroplastids in Antilophia galeata and relate their presence to distance from the nearest urban environment. Blood smears were analyzed for 80 individuals of A. galeata captured between June 2013 and October 2018 in five Cerrado forest fragments of different sizes and with different influences from urbanization. The quantity of erythroplastids differed among areas, with it being greater in fragments within a proximity with urban, and less in highly preserved areas far from an urban environment. Quantification of erythroplastids in A. galeata proved to be a useful tool for monitoring air quality.
Effect of two different pre-anaesthetic omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in dogs.

OBJECTIVES Gastroesophageal reflux can occur during anaesthesia and may lead to esophagitis and occasionally oesophageal stricture formation. The aim of the study is to assess two omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in anaesthetised dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to: omeprazole single dose 1 mg/kg orally the evening before anaesthesia (20 dogs), omeprazole two doses 1 mg/kg orally the evening and 3 hours before anaesthesia (15 dogs), and control group that did not receive omeprazole (20 dogs). An oesophageal impedance/pH probe was used to measure gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH during anaesthesia. RESULTS Gastroesophageal reflux was observed in 55% (11/20) of control dogs, 55% (11/20) of dogs receiving omeprazole once and 47% (7/15) of dogs receiving omeprazole twice. The incidence was not statistically significant different between groups. Gastroesophageal reflux pH (mean ± sd) was higher in dogs receiving omeprazole twice (6.3 ± 1.5), when compared to either control dogs (3.8 ± 1.1) or dogs receiving omeprazole once (4.1 ± 1.5). Strongly acidic reflux (pH < 4) was observed in 7% (1/15) of dogs receiving omeprazole twice versus 55% (11/20) and 35% (7/20) of control dogs and dogs receiving omeprazole once, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Omeprazole administered the evening and 3 hours before anaesthesia increased gastroesophageal reflux pH and decreased the incidence of strongly acidic reflux in dogs. A single dose of omeprazole given the evening before anaesthesia had no effect on reflux pH.
A Wireless, Battery-free Embedded Sensor for Monitoring Tension on a Suture Anchor

A passively powered wireless sensor based on an inductive-capacitive-resistive (LCR) sensor was developed to measure tensile stress at suture anchors used to repair soft tissue injuries such as ligament and tendon tears. The sensor, which is completely embedded within the suture anchor, consists of a strain gauge mounted on a substrate with a loop connector so a suture can pass through. When the suture experiences a tensile stress, it pulls at the loop connector and the strain gauge, allowing measurement of tensile stress at the suture. In this study, sensors of different designs were fabricated and characterized ex vivo to determine their force sensing capabilities. The effects of sensor placement and orientation on accuracy were also characterized. The LCR suture anchor sensor can be used to assess the quality of soft tissue treatments, such as rotator cuff repairs, as well as to detect failure of the implant post-surgery. The advantages of this sensor are its small size, wireless detection, and battery-free operation, making it ideal for use with both short- and long-term implants.
What to Communicate? Execution-Time Decision in Multi-agent POMDPs

In recent years, multi-agent Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) have emerged as a popular decision-theoretic framework for modeling and generating policies for the control of multi-agent teams. Teams controlled by multi-agent POMDPs can use communication to share observations and coordinate. Therefore, policies are needed to enable these teams to reason about communication. Previous work on generating communication policies for multi-agent POMDPs has focused on the question of when to communicate. In this paper, we address the question of what to communicate. We describe two paradigms for representing limitations on communication and present an algorithm that enables multi-agent teams to make execution-time decisions on how to effectively utilize available communication resources.
Designing an Automated Audit Tool for the Targeted Risk Exposure Reduction

The risk exposure of an organization is the cost of being non-compliant for all process instances that are subject to auditing and it can be reduced by auditing internal controls for every process instance, detecting and eliminating the cause of non-compliance. This paper discusses the design consideration for an automated auditing tool to achieve the desired level of risk exposure reduction. A method is provided to measure the effectiveness and the limits of such tools and adjust their performance for various risk exposure levels.
Architecture of Markets

Markets are socially constructed arenas where repeated exchanges occur between buyers and sellers under a set of formal and informal rules governing relations among competitors, suppliers, and customers. These arenas operate according to local understandings and rules that guide interaction, facilitate trade, define what products are produced, indeed constitute the products themselves, and provide stability for buyers, sellers, and producers. Marketplaces are also dependent on governments, laws, and cultural understandings supporting market activity. Our essay provides a brief exposition of this perspective. Then, it considers cutting-edge work on three topics: (i) the formation of markets and prices, (ii) the organization of capitalism in different societies, and (iii) financialization and globalization. We suggest that in the future, path breaking research will: (i) explore the sociology of consumption, (ii) combine insights from the sociology of markets and from studies of the role of economic thought in constructing markets, and (iii) investigate national and transnational regulations. Keywords: political economy; institute ons; networks; performativity; market formation; price formation; comparative capitalisms; financialization; globalization
Electrodeposition of Cu on Ta-Based Layers I. Electrodeposition on Ta

The nucleation and growth of copper directly electroplated on Ta is studied in this paper using electrochemical methods. It is shown that little Cu deposition on Ta occurs from an acid sulfate copper plating electrolyte, while a deposited nuclei density of ∼ 10 9 cm -2 is possible using a basic citrate electrolyte. Experimental results indicate that when plating directly onto Ta, besides a high current efficiency, the nucleation characteristics of an electrolyte are important. Using a basic citrate chemistry, deposition currents were found to be higher on Cu than on Ta, suggesting that when both are present, deposition occurs preferentially on Cu. Because the relative deposition rates are a function of applied potential, deposition on Ta instead of Cu may be encouraged by the judicious control of this deposition parameter.
La anarquía es lo que los estados hacen de ella: La construcción social de la política de poder

Todas las teorias de relaciones internacionales se basan en teorias sociales de relaciones entre agentes, procesos y estructuras sociales. Las teorias sociales no determinan el contenido de nuestra teoria internacional, pero estructuran las preguntas que nos hacemos sobre la politica mundial y nuestros enfoques en las respuestas a esas cuestiones. El principal asunto que se cuestiona en los debates sobre teoria social es el tipo de fundamento que puede ofrecer el conjunto de preguntas y las estrategias de investigacion mas provechosas para poder explicar los cambios revolucionarios que parecen estar ocurriendo en el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX.
Chapter 96 Growing Organizational Culture in the Laboratory

Publisher Summary The states of the world are possible sequences of pictures that both the manager and employee have in front of them. The pictures are of complex office environments, in which there are several people, objects, and activities. The pictures all overlap substantially in content, but also all have several unique elements. More interestingly, perhaps, subjects underestimated the difficulty of integrating these very simple forms of culture. Prior to the merger, they elicited estimates from all subjects about the average performance of the merged “firm” in the 10 post-merger rounds. One subject would receive a monetary reward for making a more accurate prediction. This produces a situation where it is incentive compatible for subjects to state their true belief of the post-merger firm's performance. The results clearly indicate that subjects overestimate the value of a merged firm.
Acquisition of New DNA Sequences After Infection of Chicken Cells with Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

Abstract DNA-RNA hybridization studies between 70S RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and an excess of DNA from (i) AMV-induced leukemic chicken myeloblasts or (ii) a mixture of normal and of congenitally infected K-137 chicken embryos producing avian leukosis viruses revealed the presence of fast- and slow-hybridizing virus-specific DNA sequences. However, the leukemic cells contained twice the level of AMV-specific DNA sequences observed in normal chicken embryonic cells. The fast-reacting sequences were two to three times more numerous in leukemic DNA than in DNA from the mixed embryos. The slow-reacting sequences had a reiteration frequency of approximately 9 and 6, in the two respective systems. Both the fast- and the slow-reacting DNA sequences in leukemic cells exhibited a higher Tm (2 C) than the respective DNA sequences in normal cells. In normal and leukemic cells the slow hybrid sequences appeared to have a Tm which was 2 C higher than that of the fast hybrid sequences. Individual non-virus-producing chicken embryos, either group-specific antigen positive or negative, contained 40 to 100 copies of the fast sequences and 2 to 6 copies of the slowly hybridizing sequences per cell genome. Normal rat cells did not contain DNA that hybridized with AMV RNA, whereas non-virus-producing rat cells transformed by B-77 avian sarcoma virus contained only the slowly reacting sequences. The results demonstrate that leukemic cells transformed by AMV contain new AMV-specific DNA sequences which were not present before infection.
Explaining hybrid "personalities" in smallholder sugar cane sourcing.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which transaction cost theory on hybrid governance structures can explain hybrid personalities observed in the South African sugar industry. Design/methodology/approach – Three governance structures used simultaneously by the same company to purchase sugar cane from small-scale growers are described in detail. One of these structures is close to a market arrangement, the other two are hybrids. The discriminating alignment hypothesis and more recent work on hybrid models are used to explain the factors driving the choice for a hybrid arrangement and determining their specific form. Factors not covered by theory are identified. Findings – At least two areas would need to be included to explain the specific form taken by the studied governance structures: production characteristics and financial constraints of the transacting parties. Furthermore, the importance of national and local regulations in affecting organizational form by determining wh...
Diagnostic utility of E-cadherin and P120 catenin cocktail immunostain in distinguishing DCIS from LCIS.

Background Breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) is classified into ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). DCIS is treated with surgical excision while LCIS can be clinically followed with or without hormonal treatment. Thus, it is critical to distinguish DCIS from LCIS. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for E-cadherin is routinely used to differentiate DCIS from LCIS in diagnostically challenging cases. Circumferential diffuse membranous staining of E-cadherin is the typical pattern in DCIS, whereas LCIS lacks or shows decreased E-cadherin expression. Recent studies have shown that DCIS has membranous staining of P120 catenin and LCIS has diffuse cytoplasmic staining of P120 catenin. We developed a cocktail composed of E-cadherin and P120 catenin primary antibodies so that only one slide is needed for the double immunostains. Designs Twenty-seven blocks of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 26 cases of DCIS or LCIS were retrieved from the archives of Houston Methodist Hospital. Four consecutive sections from the same blocks were used for HE all 12 LCIS samples showed diffuse cytoplasmic red staining for P120 catenin but no membranous staining for E-cadherin. Conclusions 1. This antibody cocktail can be applied in daily practice on paraffin-embedded tissue and is especially useful in small biopsies with small foci of CIS lesions. 2. Immunohistochemical staining with the antibody cocktail showed 100% concordance with the traditional single antibody immunostaining using either E-cadherin or P120 catenin antibody. 3. Our antibody cocktail includes E-cadherin as a positive membranous stain for DCIS and P120 catenin as a positive cytoplasmic stain for LCIS, which may enhance accuracy and confidence in the differential diagnoses.
Stability analysis of inverter based generator emulator in test-bed for power systems

In this project to develop a reconfigurable electrical grid emulator, a Hardware Test-Bed (HTB) is being developed that emulates large scale power system generators and loads by using power electronic converters. Source converters in the HTB system are designed to emulate power generators. A synchronous generator model is implemented in the converter to calculate the voltage references in the dq axis, and a voltage controller is added to achieve zero steady state error. In the HTB, synchronous generator emulators (SGEs) are connected with each other through transformers and transmission line emulators to form a microgrid. To study the parallel behavior and the stability of the SGEs with voltage controller, a small signal statespace model of the multi SGE system is established, and the eigenvalues are then analyzed. Experiments are conducted in the HTB.
Internal bargaining and strategic innovation in the theory of the firm

Abstract The transaction cost analysis of the firm has identified asset idiosyncrasy and the risk of ex post opportunism as key determinants of organizational form. Simultaneously, several writers have modeled the distribution of quasi-rents among input suppliers as a bargaining game. These complementary ideas are used to formalize the notion of strategic innovation, where capital and labor attempt to redistribute firm income after specialized assets are in place, through unilateral modifications in production technology. Because strategic behavior can enlarge the quasi-rent component of fifirm income, this process may persist in equilibrium. Asset idiosyncrasy therefore creates room for an autonomous theory of organizational dynamics, partially insulated from events at the market level of analysis.
Aromatic hydroxylation by fenton reagents {Reactive intermediate[Lx+FeIIIOOH(BH+)], not free hydroxyl radical (HO·)}

Abstract Several iron complexes [Fe II (bpy) 2 2+ , Fe II (OPPh 3 ) 4 2+ , and Fe II (PA) 2 ] in combination with hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) catalytically hydroxylate aromatic substrates (ArH). The base-induced nucleophilic addition of HOOH to the electrophilic iron center yields the reactive intermediate of Fenton reagents . The latter includes a ‘stabilized’ hydroxyl radical that is able to replace an aromatic hydrogen (H) with a hydroxyl group (HO) via an initial addition reaction. With PhCH 3 and PhCH 2 CH 3 as substrates free HO· (from the radiolysis of H 2 O) reacts via aryl addition (97 and 85%, respectively) to give Ar-Ar as the predominant product, whereas 1 favors H-atom abstraction from the alkyl group (50 and 80%, respectively) and the only detectable products from aryl addition are the respective substituted phenols ( o:p -ArOH). Other substituted benzenes (PhX) undergo addition by free HO at the ortho and para aryl carbons ( o:p ratio, 2), followed by dimerization and elimination of two H 2 O molecules to yield substituted biphenyls. In contrast, 1 reacts with PhX to yield substituted phenol (ArOH; o:p ratio, 0.5 – 1.1). With phenol (PhOH) as the substrate, reaction with 1 yields mainly catechol ( o -Ar(OH) 2 ; o:p ratio, 20). In a solvent matrix of MeCN:H 2 O (3:1 mol:mol ratio) the reaction efficiencies with Fe II (bpy) 2 2+ and Fe II (OPPh 3 ) 4 2+ for the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol are 36 and 42%, respectively (product per HOOH).
Characterization of Boron Deficiency in Soybeans

Boron-deficient soybean roots have a rosette appearance at the terminals caused by the death of the root primordium and the initiation of new root primordia. The root tips show some darkening, swelling, and then a collapse of the tissue. The petiole s of B-deficient plants are very brittle. Physiologically, B-deficiency in HA-soybeans does not appear to involve an interference in the transport of photosynthate (C14 distribution) or precursors required for citrate synthesis in the roots. More Ca 45 was found in the tops of B-sufficient than B-deficient plants, but the opposite trend existed in the root sap. Boron deficiency symptoms were accentuated by maintaining a relatively low pH of the prenutrient solution by the addition of K salts.
Effects of vasopressin on multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement

The effect of arginine- and des-glycinamide arginine vasopressin on steady-state operant responding was examined. Rats were trained to press a lever for food under a multiple fixed-interval 4-min fixed-ratio 30 schedule of reinforcement. Arg vasopressin (0.5 to 100μg/kg, subcutaneous) produced a dose-dependent decrease in response rate, but des-glycinamide arginine vasopressin (0.5 to l00μg/kg, subcutaneous) had no effect. Neither peptide significantly altered fixed-interval response patterning. These data suggest that vasopressin’s behavioral effects should be viewed in light of its aversive peripheral actions.
Hospital end-of-life treatment intensity among cancer and non-cancer cohorts.

Context Hospitals vary substantially in their end-of-life (EOL) treatment intensity. It is unknown if patterns of EOL treatment intensity are consistent across conditions.
SURVIVAL OF HEART ALLOGRAFTS IN RATS TREATED WITH AZATHIOPRINE AND SODIUM SALICYLATE

In a rat heart transplant model representing a severe mismatch, median survival time (M.S.T.) with no treatment was 6 days. M.S.T. with azathioprine was 6 days, and with azathioprine and methylprednisolone 7 days. Azathioprine with promethazine hydrochloride gave an M.S.T. of 15 days. In rats treated with sodium salicylate alone M.S.T. was 16 days, and when azathioprine was administered for 12 days in a group continuously treated with sodium salicylate, all hearts were beating normally at 50 days.
The 3D in vivo Achilles' tendon moment arm, quantified during active muscle control and compared across sexes.

Abstract The Achilles' tendon moment arm (ATma) is a critical quantity in that it defines the triceps surae's ability to generate a moment on the calcaneus, which is then transferred to the foot. This measure has been primarily acquired two-dimensionally in small male populations. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to establish the first in vivo three-dimensional measures of the ATma, measured non-invasively during dynamic activity in a large normative population, inclusive of both males and female subjects (n=20). Subjects were each placed supine in a 1.5 T MRI and asked to repeat a simulated toe-raise while a full sagittal-cine-phase contrast (dynamic) MRI dataset was acquired. From these data, the 3D and 2D ATma was calculated. The ATma was scaled by the distal tibial width, based on a correlation analysis. The 2D ATma overestimated its 3D counterpart by 3.1 mm, on average. The scaled ATma was no different between the male and female cohorts, but the scaled Achilles' tendon area was smaller in the male cohort. The magnitudes of the ATma were most similar to previously reported values when variations in ankle angle were taken into account. The results of this study have important implications for the applicability of ATma data to both clinical questions and modeling. Any future studies should adapt the ATma based on subject size and/or sex, ensure compatibility between the manner in which the ankle angle is defined and the data being used, and account for the influence that muscle force has on the 3D ATma.
Correlation between the presence of enzootic pneumonia lesions and detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in bronchial swabs by PCR.

Abstract In many diagnostic laboratories the diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs is based on clinical signs and the presence of gross and histopathological lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nested-PCR technique as an adjunct to the histopathological diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. Respiratory disease of 184 swine cases submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 1 January and 30 June 1998 were used. Bronchial swabs were collected and the nested-PCR performed. Lung samples were graded PCR positive or negative. Histopathological lesions were scored 0–4, depending on the mycoplasma-like characteristics of the lesions, with category 4 demonstrating strong evidence of mycoplasma infection. Nested-PCR correlated well with histopathological lesions characteristic of M. hyopneumoniae in categories 3 and 4 and approximately half of the histopathological categories 1 and 2 were nested-PCR positive. The results demonstrate that the nested-PCR is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of M. hyopneumoniae infection when non-diagnostic microscopic lesions of mycoplasmosis are found.
Restitution: A method of eliminating aggressive-disruptive behavior of retarded and brain damaged patients☆

Abstract Current methods of penalizing aggressive and disruptive behaviors have elements of retribution that discourage general usage. A procedure was developed that provided disruptive offenders with re-education, removal of the reinforcement for the offense, time-out from general positive reinforcement, and an effort requirement. The offender was required by instructions or physical guidance to overcorrect the general psychological and physical disturbance created by the offense. The procedure was applied to one brain-damaged and two retarded patients, who displayed one or more of the following types of behavior: physical assault, property destruction, tantrums, continuous screaming, and biting, all of which had resisted other treatments such as time-out, punishment and social disapproval. The procedure reduced the disturbed behaviors of all patients to a near-zero level within one or two weeks and maintained this therapeutic effect with minimal staff attention. This method appears to be a rapid and effective treatment procedure for disruptive behavior and emphasizes the individual's responsibility for his actions.