cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antenna modeling and performance on complex structures and airframes (EuCAP 2010)

In this paper the performance of basic elements, such as monopoles, apertures, and microstrip patches, when mounted on finite ground planes, ground-based vehicles and airborne platforms are modeled and simulated using high-frequency asymptotic methods [GTD/UTD] and full-wave methods [IE/MoM, FDTD and FEM]. While GTD/UTD shed more physical inside into the modeling, they generally are limited by the geometry of structures, constituent parameters, and small electrical size. On the other hand, full-wave simulators, such as IE/MoM, FDTD and FEM, (and commercial software such as WIPL-D, FEKO, HFSS and Xfdtd) are more versatile although usually they are limited by physical interpretation and large electrical size. The basic antenna radiation characteristic examined and simulated in this paper is the amplitude pattern formation and its distortion due to reflections, edge diffractions and rotor blade rotation. Typical amplitude patterns of radiators mounted on complex structures and airframes will be presented. In some cases simulated data is compared with measurements on scaled-models.
Nosocomial infections in patients with cancer

Summary Nosocomial infections are those that become evident 48 h or more after a patient is admitted for treatment in a hospital or in another health-care setting. These infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality in patients who are immunosuppressed. Over the past few decades, understanding of host vulnerability has improved and more rigorous management and infection-control practices have been adopted for treating susceptible populations. Despite efforts, outbreaks continue to occur. In this Review, we outline current knowledge of the incidence and microbiology of various nosocomial infections in patients with cancer—a large, immunosuppressed population.
Recent advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review outlines recent advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of molecular signaling pathways for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These compounds are typically targeted against components of the tyrosine kinase-Ras-Map kinase pathway that have been activated by mutation. RECENT FINDINGS Several agents have been tested in phase 2 trials, with only modest clinical results thus far. Careful correlative studies have allowed a clearer understanding of the reasons for the success or failure of these agents and have refined our approach to clinical trial design. In some cases, the target molecule has been successfully inhibited, but for an inadequate duration, and in other cases, inhibiting the target has little correlation with clinical effect. SUMMARY Small-molecule inhibitors of these molecular pathways clearly have significant promise for the treatment of AML, but several obstacles remain, and this field of pharmacotherapy is still quite new. These inhibitors seem unlikely to be curative when administered as monotherapy but rather will have to be used in combination with one another or with conventional chemotherapy. In addition, pharmacokinetic problems must be overcome with many of them.
Bargaining Practice and Negotiation Failure in Russia-Ukraine Gas Relations

What causes 'gas wars' between Russia and Ukraine? In this paper I argue that contract disputes in the eastern European gas sector are specific instances of a broader set of phenomena: bargains over strategically important resource issues outside of any international framework to facilitate cooperation. Non- cooperative game theory helps to shed light on the reasons we see crises emerge despite the fact that both parties would be better off reaching an agreement short of conflict. I develop a framework for crisis bargaining that departs from canonical games in one important dimension: it explicitly considers impact of bargaining practices and strategies on the negotiation process and the probability of failure. While bargaining practices are endogenous to both the preferences of the players and the structure of the game, they intervene in the causal process in substantively important ways by modifying the effect of both preferences and structure. Critically, practices embedded in earlier rounds affect practices and outcomes later on independent of the preferences of each player or the structure of the game. I use this practice-theoretic bargaining framework to develop an in-depth case study of 2008 negotiations between Russia and Ukraine. This framework helps produce a nuanced understanding of bargaining breakdown that led to the most damaging of the 'gas wars'; the resulting explanation outperforms the standard bargaining model as well as a number of competing arguments.
The effect of network chain‐length distribution, specifically bimodality, on strain‐induced crystallization

Polyurethane elastomers were prepared from a series of poly(ethylene oxide) samples by end-linking the chains into “model” trifunctional networks. The molecular weight Mc between crosslinks in such networks is simply the number-average molecular weight Mn of the precursor polymer. End-linking samples separately gave networks with unimodal distributions of network chain lengths, whereas end-linking mixtures of two samples having very different values of Mn gave bimodal distributions with average values of Mc equal to the average value of Mn for the two samples. Stress-strain isotherms in elongation were obtained for these networks, both unswollen and swollen to various extents. Strain-induced crystallization was manifested in elastic properties that changed significantly with changes in temperature. Swelling has more complicated effects, since it causes deformation of the network chains as well as melting of some of the crystallites. Comparisons among stress-strain isotherms at constant Mc indicate that bimodality facilitates strain-induced crystallization.
On the Selection of an Optimum Design Point for Phase-Coherent Receivers Employing Bandpass Limiters

In the design of phase-coherent receivers employing bandpass limiters, it is customary to specify system performance relative to its value at a fixed design point. For a given design point, it is well known that an optimum tradeoff can be found between the power allocated to the carrier and sideband signals. This paper describes an attempt to further improve the performance of such coherent carrier systems by optimizing the design point based upon a given practical optimization criterion. The single-channel system is treated in detail and a brief discussion is given on how to extend the optimization technique to a two-channel system.
Searching for Ammonia in Grain Mantles toward Massive Young Stellar Objects

We present a study of the mid-infrared spectral regions of 17 objects observed with the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO SWS) in a search for the presence of the elusive NH3 solid-state absorption features at 2.96 and 9.0 μm. We compare the 3 μm profile with laboratory spectra of pure water and water/ammonia mixtures from the Leiden Molecular Astrophysics database. We determine that the shape of the 3 μm water feature alone does not present conclusive evidence of the presence or lack of NH3 ice on dust grain mantles because of the large number of unknown physical parameters that influence the 3 μm water profile: grain size distribution, grain shape, mantle composition, thermal history, and geometrical effects. In the 9 μm region, the presence of NH3 is characterized by a sudden change in slope at 8.5 μm and a peak at 9.0 μm within the silicate profile. Of the 16 silicate features studied, four show evidence of a 9 μm ammonia feature, including the previously reported detections in ground-based observations of NGC 7538 IRS 9, and SWS observations of W33 A. Upper limits are found for the remaining objects. Why NH3, which is an abundant gas-phase molecule in cold, dense cores, is not apparently present in significant amounts on most grain mantles, where it is expected to freeze out, is currently a mystery.
Synthesis and characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) microstructures

The purpose of this research was to synthesize and physically characterize silicon carbide microtubes. This was done by reacting silicon monoxide (SiO) powder with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at high temperature. Several experiments were conducted under vacuum in a high-temperature furnace varying temperature (1300degC-1450degC), time and reactant material mass. The resulting samples were then physically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the presence of dominant beta-silicon carbide phases. SEM images revealed a unique morphology in comparison with the starting materials.
Temperature dependence and non-Condon effects in pump-probe spectroscopy in the condensed phase

We analyze the effects of the coordinate dependence of the transition dipole (non-Condon dipole moment) on impulsive pump–probe spectroscopy at finite temperatures, using expressions for the response functions derived by the path-integral approach. We calculate the difference probe absorption spectrum and show that the non-Condon dipole shifts the absorption to the blue and that the shift increases with temperature.
Leaf wax δ2H and varve-thickness climate proxies from proglacial lake sediments, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada

We present a multiproxy paleoclimate record using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes (δ2Hwax) and varve thickness from Arctic proglacial lake sediments. We also provide one of the first evaluations of the utility of δ2Hwax as a paleoclimate proxy in Arctic proglacial lakes. We compare varve thickness and δ2Hwax at sub-decadal resolution from 1948 to 2004 AD, and at sub-centennial resolution from 1450 to 2004 AD. Varve thickness and δ2Hwax both contain large interannual variability and are anti-correlated during the late twentieth century, suggesting that both proxies respond rapidly, but by different mechanisms, to catchment-scale forcings. At longer time scales, varve thickness exhibits a strong response to Little Ice Age cooling (1661–1827 AD in this record) but does not show evidence for twentieth century warming recorded throughout the Arctic. δ2Hwax does record regional-scale temperature changes, with more 2H-depleted values during the Little Ice Age and an abrupt change to more 2H-enriched values in the twentieth century. This corresponds well with a recent Arctic-wide temperature reconstruction in which the seventeenth century is the coldest interval, and the twentieth century is the warmest interval. Our results suggest that δ2Hwax is a promising proxy that can be applied at high resolution in proglacial Arctic lakes.
Introduction: The Challenge of Nutrition and Environment as Determinants of Behavioral Development

In recent times, knowledge progressing along three different lines has converged to illuminate the complex interactions between nutrition and related environmental factors, on one hand, and behavior, on the other hand. These three advancing areas are the behavioral sciences, knowledge of the effects of specific nutrients on brain and behavioral function, and, finally, the study of gross malnutrition in underdeveloped regions of the world and its impact on behavior.
Enhancing the Urban Environment Through Green Infrastructure

This Article is adapted from Chapter Seven of John R. Nolon, Protecting the Environment Through Land Use Law: Standing Ground, published by ELI Press. The book describes how localities are responding to new challenges, including the imperative that they adapt to and help mitigate climate change and create sustainable neighborhoods. This Article follows the steady advance in the use of green infrastructure in recent years, and details its value as a strategy for adapting to climate change, bettering air quality, lowering heat stress, creating greater biodiversity, conserving energy, providing ecological services, sequestering carbon, preserving and expanding habitats, enhancing aesthetics, increasing property values, and improving the livability of neighborhoods.
Optic Pathway (Opticochiasmatic) and Hypothalamic Gliomas

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are typically low-grade neoplasms arising in pediatric patients, often with a history of neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). OPGs typically arise during the first decade of life. The mean age at diagnosis is 4–5 years. Clinical symptoms of OPGs often include visual loss, proptosis, hydrocephalus, precocious puberty, or hypopituitarism. The prevalence of NF-1 in children with OPGs is 60 %. Conversely, nearly 20 % of patients with NF-1 develop OPGs. In rare cases, an OPG can present as an intrasellar mass.
Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and angstrom length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle’s size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchical structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well as the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X-ray characterization tools. We conclude with an examination of several key areas of research w...
Toward Miniature Diffuse Optical Tomography System for Assessing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

In this paper, an improved near-infrared diffuse optical tomography system with compact size, miniature-data-acquisition module using FPGA, and a robust probe is introduced for assessing neoadjuvant chemotherapy response at multiple hospital sites.
Sociology and the Theory of Value

usefulness of the list. Modern science, industry, transportation and communication have made of the whole world one vast interrelated and inter-dependent community, in which the national governmental machinery represents a medium through which to adjust competing, conflicting, or symbiotic economic interests within and between nations. In fact political processes represent the main trunk lines through which the economic needs of mankind are met. This new web of economic and political processes, the spread of literacy, the almost world-wide enfranchisement, and the efficacy of the daily press, radio and cable, have created new and vast popular interest in the activities of foreign governments to meet those needs. To provide for this growing popular interest a better understanding of the grave and acute problems of democracies and republics, and to find for the social sciences a sounder basis, American social scientists have (since the World War) been striving for a new orientation in their disciplines-an orientation based upon research and facts rather than authority. Here is one essential guide for such research.
Harrison Brown 1917–1986

(1987). Harrison Brown 1917–1986. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 3-8.
Lists and Lotteries: Rationing in the Housing Choice Voucher Program

AbstractThis article investigates how the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program rations subsidies. HCV is the largest low-income housing assistance program in the United States. Despite the program’s size, millions of HCV-eligible households go without subsidy each year. Because the demand for support exceeds the supply of subsidies, HCV assistance is rationed through several mechanisms. These mechanisms and their relationship with the HCV system from both the client and administrator perspectives will be discussed. Implications of HCV rationing will also be discussed.
Develop of Bibliographic Software Based on PDF

This paper mainly introduced how to develop the bibliographic software based on PDF,and gived key technology in details,finally analyzed the application of the software and looked forward the development trend of the bibliographic software.
The Politics of Subsidy

This chapter turns away from aesthetics and back to politics. This return is necessary because as we discovered in Chapter One, justifying arts subsidies consists of two distinct tasks. One requires answering an aesthetic question: what value does art have for society? The second requires answering a political question: to what extent should a government be in the business of making people’s lives go better? The need to address the political dimension of subsidy cannot be overemphasized, for it is conceptually prior to the aesthetic dimension. This is true not only because making a person’s life go well involves quite a bit more than just exposing her to art; it is also true because even someone who considers art absolutely essential to the good life can with no inconsistency oppose giving it government subsidy. Perhaps this citizen loves both art and state neutrality, wishing for subsidy but arguing that the state ought not promote any particular conception of the good life. Having examined the aesthetic dimension of the proposed democratic justification, this chapter evaluates whether the proposal can meet the argumentative burdens of political philosophy. It does this by evaluating whether the justification offers cogent responses to the best arguments against subsidy, many of which appeared in Chapter One as criticisms of perfectionism.
New and Noteworthy: Coming to Terms with Librarian Stereotypes and Self-Image

This issue's "New and Noteworthy" column reviews recent titles dealing with the perennial discussion regarding traditional and emerging librarian stereotypes and their effect on librarians' work with patrons.
Descriptions of depression and depression treatment in older Hispanic immigrants in a geriatric collaborative care program

ABSTRACTObjectives: To explore experiences with depression and depression treatment among older Hispanic immigrants participating in a collaborative care program of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication.Method: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 older Spanish-speaking Hispanic immigrants with major depression who participated in a collaborative care program within a public sector specialty geriatric clinic in Los Angeles, CA.Results: Findings revealed that participants used various idioms to describe their experiences with depression, and that depression had a strong impact on functioning. Other findings indicated that depression was caused by various psychosocial problems, antidepressants were helpful in reducing depression, and that bilingual psychotherapists provided a welcoming and safe environment to express emotions and find solutions to problems.Conclusion: Results revealed participants’ experiences with depression and the impact of participating in a collaborative ca...
High Prevalence of Occult Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Dyspnea

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).1,2 Like people with HFpEF, patients with AF commonly describe exertional dyspnea. Treatments directed at AF are often undertaken by using antiarrhythmic drugs, rate control, or AF ablation with the ultimate goal of improving these symptoms. However, recent data indicate that some patients with apparently lone AF display myocardial abnormalities that persist even when sinus rhythm has been restored, suggesting the coexistence of an underlying cardiomyopathic process.3 Viewed in this light, AF might be conceptualized as a consequence rather than a cause of symptoms of heart failure. There is little information available regarding the prevalence of HFpEF among patients presenting with dyspnea, normal ejection fraction (EF), and AF. Because history, physical examination, and echocardiography are insensitive to the diagnosis of HFpEF, the only method to accurately determine whether HFpEF is present or absent in this group is to ascertain disease status by using the gold standard of invasive hemodynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing.4,5 We examined the relationships between AF and HFpEF among consecutive patients presenting with …
Pt-Decorated Composition-Tunable Pd-Fe@Pd/C Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Design of electrocatalysts with both a high-Pt-utilization efficiency and enhanced electrochemical activity is still the key challenge in the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In the present work, Pd–Fe/C bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with an optimal Fe composition and decorated with Pt are introduced as promising catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction. These bimetallic nanoparticles have a Pd–Fe@Pd core–shell structure with a surface Pt decoration as established through the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. These catalysts exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity (E1/2 = 0.866 V vs RHE), increasing the mass activity by more than 70% over that of Pt/C in terms of the total mass of Pt and Pd and by 14 times if only Pt is considered. Simple geometrical calculations, based on spherical core–shell models, indicate that Pd–Fe@Pt has a surface Pt decoration rather than a complete Pt monolayer. Such calculations applied t...
Persistence of Echovirus Type 6 in Cultured Cells

Human enteroviruses cause a wide spectrum of systemic infections including myocarditis and encephalitis. Although these viruses are usually cytocidal and cause self-limiting infections, the enteroviruses can also establish persistent infections which result in chronic disease syndromes [3, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17–19]. Recent experiments by Kandolf [7] suggest that chronic dilated cardiomyopathies are associated with persistence of a variety of different enteroviruses, including echovirusese In my laboratory, we have utilized in vitro models to study the cellular and molecular aspects of acute and chronic infections by the human enterovirus, echovirus type 6. The purpose of these studies is to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the stability and duration of viruses during either acute or chronic infections. The ultimate goal of these studies is to develop an approach for the prevention and/or treatment of acute and chronic enterovirus infections including viral heart disease.
The Complete Radiology Workup

Breast imaging plays an integral role in screening for and the diagnostic workup of breast cancer as well as the evaluation of breast complaints. The most commonly used breast imaging modalities are mammography, breast ultrasound (US), and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Once cancer is diagnosed, imaging is important in defining the extent of disease within the index breast (unifocal vs. multifocal disease) and also evaluation of the contralateral breast for surgical treatment planning. For breast conservation therapy, diagnostic imaging defines the extent of malignancy before definitive surgical resection and is used to monitor the breast for local recurrence after surgery.
Immune Deficiency and Malignancy

Accumulating evidence suggests than an understanding of the immune system will assist in the analysis of malignant adaptation. A large body of evidence indicates that patients with malignancies of various types also have immunologic deficiency which may involve both the cell-mediated and humoral systems. The types of malignancy with demonstrable immune deficiency include I) epithelial malignancies, e.g., those involving breast, stomach, colon, and other sites; 2) nervous system tumors of varying types; and 3) a variety of mesenchymal tumors including sarcomas. In many instances the degree of immune deficiency correlates with the extent of the malignancy, suggesting that much of the immune deficiency in cancer patients is secondary to the cancer (1). The causes of this secondary immune deficiency in cancer patients are undoubtedly several and probably include nutritional factors and production of immunosuppressive proteins (e.g., alpha fetoprotein) by the tumor (2,3). Because of this secondary immune deficiency, it is currently not possible in most cancer patients to determine what role, if any, immune deficiency plays in causing the tumor. However, the purpose of this presentation is not to discuss secondary immune deficiencies, but rather to concentrate on primary immunodeficiencies in order to determine the possible role of immune deficiency in the development of malignancies in humans.
Cognitive Adaptation and Collective Action: The P2P File-Sharing Phenomenon

Collective action is a universal characteristic of modern human populations and was likely an adaptive characteristic of our Pleistocene ancestors. Consequently, it has been proposed that selective pressures associated with cooperation favored cognitive adaptations. These adaptations may or may not respond adaptively in novel environments of collective action, such as those created by recent technological innovations. The Internet P2P file-sharing phenomenon is an extraordinary example of collective action that occurs in novel online social environments . In P2P file-sharing networks , altruistic uploaders provide a collective good (i.e., digital media) despite the presence of a large number of non-reciprocating file downloaders. In doing so, uploaders risk prosecution for copyright infringement and are more vulnerable to computer hackers and viruses compared with those who strictly download. In this chapter, we consider the hypothesis that uploading is a costly signal in which males engage in avoidable risk taking as a means to compete for status among their peers on the Internet as well as those they interact with in their everyday social lives.
A thousand tales of dead men: the forensic anthropology cases of William R. Maples, Ph.D.

This paper examines the nearly 1000 forensic anthropology case reports authored by the late William R. Maples during his 28 year career at the University of Florida, Gainesville. The types of case files reviewed include C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory reports; 999, US ARMY-CILHI reviews; 226, and historical or prominent persons. Although Dr. Maples performed private casework, these files were not available for examination. A demographic profile for the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory sample is presented.
Flight Testing Navy Low Reynolds Number (LRN) Unmanned Aircraft

Small unmanned aircraft utilizing state-of-the-art advances in low Reynolds number aerodynamics are being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for use in Navy electronic warfare missions. Two missions in particular require vehicles exhibiting high aerodynamic performance in conjunction with stringent operational requirements. The first mission requires a long endurance, low speed, low altitude vehicle, while the second mission requires a vehicle designed for short endurance, low speed, and low altitude.
Efficient Implementation of Recurrent Neural Network Transducer in Tensorflow

Recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) has been successfully applied to automatic speech recognition to jointly learn the acoustic and language model components. The RNN-T loss and its gradient with respect to the softmax outputs can be computed efficiently using a forward-backward algorithm. In this paper, we present an efficient implementation of the RNN-T forward-backward and Viterbi algorithms using standard matrix operations. This allows us to easily implement the algorithm in TensorFlow by making use of the existing hardware-accelerated implementations of these operations. This work is based on a similar technique used in our previous work for computing the connectionist temporal classification and lattice-free maximum mutual information losses, where the forward and backward recursions are viewed as a bi-directional RNN whose states represent the forward and backward probabilities. Our benchmark results on graphic processing unit (GPU) and tensor processing unit (TPU) show that our implementation can achieve better throughput performance by increasing the batch size to maximize parallel computation. Furthermore, our implementation is about twice as fast on TPU compared to GPU for batch
Weakly Supervised Deep Learning for Brain Disease Prognosis Using MRI and Incomplete Clinical Scores

As a hot topic in brain disease prognosis, predicting clinical measures of subjects based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data helps to assess the stage of pathology and predict future development of the disease. Due to incomplete clinical labels/scores, previous learning-based studies often simply discard subjects without ground-truth scores. This would result in limited training data for learning reliable and robust models. Also, existing methods focus only on using hand-crafted features (e.g., image intensity or tissue volume) of MRI data, and these features may not be well coordinated with prediction models. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised densely connected neural network (wiseDNN) for brain disease prognosis using baseline MRI data and incomplete clinical scores. Specifically, we first extract multiscale image patches (located by anatomical landmarks) from MRI to capture local-to-global structural information of images, and then develop a weakly supervised densely connected network for task-oriented extraction of imaging features and joint prediction of multiple clinical measures. A weighted loss function is further employed to make full use of all available subjects (even those without ground-truth scores at certain time-points) for network training. The experimental results on 1469 subjects from both ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 datasets demonstrate that our proposed method can efficiently predict future clinical measures of subjects.
Tuning the Structure and Electronic Properties of B-N Fused Dipyridylanthracene and Implications on the Self-Sensitized Reactivity with Singlet Oxygen

We demonstrate that the modification of anthracene with B ← N Lewis pairs at their periphery serves as a highly effective tool to modify the electronic structure with important ramifications on the generation and reactivity toward singlet oxygen. A series of BN-fused dipyridylanthracenes with Me groups in different positions of the pyridyl ring have been prepared via directed electrophilic borylation. The steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the structural features and electronic properties of the isomeric borane-functionalized products have been investigated in detail, aided by experimental tools and computational studies. We find that BDPA-2Me, with Me groups adjacent to the pyridyl N, has the longest B–N distance and shows overall less structural distortions, whereas BDPA-5Me with the Me group close to the anthracene backbone experiences severe distortions that are reflected in the buckling of the anthracene framework and dislocation of the boron atoms from the planes of the phenyl ring...
Powder diffraction data of SmBa 4 Cu 3 O 8.5+δ

Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data was performed on SmBa{sub 4}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 8.5+{delta}}, which was synthesized from precursors Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}, BaO{sub 2}, and CuO at 1000{degree}C in an oxygen atmosphere. SmBa{sub 4}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 8.5+{delta}} has a cubic perovskite-related structure that is isostructural with YBa{sub 4}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 8.5+{delta}}, and a doubled perovskite unit cell parameter of 8.17790{plus_minus}0.00004{Angstrom}. {copyright} {ital 1997 International Center for Diffraction Data.}
Opioid Consumption Rate Following Foot and Ankle Surgery

Background:The rapid increase in the consumption of prescription opioids has become one of the leading medical, economic, and sociological burdens in North America. In the United States, orthopedic...
Coordinated Tension: The “Secret Sauce” to Enable Decision-Making in a Global Health Complex Adaptive System

Many resources and approaches have been used to improve health in a global context; however, change at scale, especially in the hardest to reach areas, is a challenge. The Salud Mesoamerica Initiative (SMI) was created to test a new way to intervene in this space. After 5 years of implementation, SMI has demonstrated positive results through their results-based financing plus model.
A Framework to Quantify the Economic Benefit from Local VAR Compensation

It is generally accepted that reactive power (or Var) compensation will bring benefits for utilities and industrial customers by providing local voltage and power factor support. However, there is a lack of a systematic approach to quantitatively identify the economic benefit. In addition, with deregulation and restructuring, it is important to indicate the amount of benefit that each market participant may potentially receive given the right price signals. If such information can be easily obtained and presented, it will be more convenient for decision-markers to determine the cost benefit sharing of installing a Var compensator. The vision of this paper is to lay out a possible method for quantitatively evaluating the benefits from local reactive power compensation. The approach is to quantify the benefits into several categories such as reduced losses, shifting reactive power flow to real power flow, and increased transfer. The calculation of these benefits are illustrated with a simple two-bus power system model and then presented with a more complicated model using Optimal Power Flow to calculate the benefits. Simulation on the more complex system is conducted with seven buses in two areas. The simulation results show that the possible economic benefits can be significant, if compared with capacity payments to central generators or payment of power factor penalties applied by utilities. The potential economic value of local Var compensation may give various parties in electricity supply, delivery and end-use consumption a better understanding of the Var benefits to assist their cost-benefit analysis for Var compensation installation. Sensitivity analysis is also provided to illustrate that the benefits may not be monotonically increasing. Also, this paper suggests that the future reactive power market should consider local Var providers or other way to encourage load Var capability, since local Var benefit is significant
Graph Based Root Cause Analysis in Cloud Data Center

The appeal of low cost computing and on demand scaling of cloud technologies has resulted in the migration of many software applications to the cloud. This increased reliance on the cloud translates to a direct dependence on the cloud data centers, which form the modern cloud. These data centers are complex buildings composed of many system of systems that interact to host the end applications. Detecting anomalous events in this system of systems and then identifying their root cause in a timely manner is a demanding task. In this paper, we present a graphical model to encapsulate the cloud data center system of systems and share a method for reducing the search space for root cause analysis.
Spatial and covariate-varying relationships among dominant tree species in Utah

The presence and establishment of a tree species at a particular spatial location is influenced by multiple physiological and environmental filters such as propagule pressure (seed availability), light and moisture availability, and slope and elevation. However, a less understood environmental filter to species-specific establishment is competition or facilitation between dominant tree species. For example, certain tree species may compete for resources at spatial locations where such resources are scarce while less competition may occur at resource-rich areas. Using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, we develop a multivariate spatial Bernoulli model to investigate the space-varying relationship between extant tree species in Utah. Additionally, we propose a novel modeling strategy that explains the spatially varying relationships by regressing the associated between-species correlation matrix on available covariate data. Positive definite conditions of the covariate-varying correlation matrix are ensured by defining the regression in terms of the unique partial correlation matrix. Results indicate that correlations between species are dependent upon elevation.
Detection of Sulfur Dioxide by Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS)

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important precursor for formation of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and acid rain. We present an instrument using Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) for the measurement of SO2 with a minimum limit of detection of 0.6 ppbv using the spectral range 305.5–312 nm and an averaging time of 60 seconds. The instrument consists of high reflectivity mirrors (0.9984 at 310 nm) and a deep UV light source. The effective absorption path length of the instrument is 610 m in a 0.957 m base length. Published reference absorption cross-sections were used to fit and retrieve the SO2 concentrations and were compared to a diluted standard for SO2. The comparison was well correlated, R2 = 0.9985 with a correlation slope of 1.01.
Clinical-Grade MRI-Based Methods to Identify Combined Anatomic Factors That Predict ACL Injury Risk in Male and Female Athletes.

Background:Recently developed multivariate sex-specific statistical models can predict anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk using various knee anatomic factors. However, screening tools abl...
Limitations on Development of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Tissue Concentration Thresholds for Survival, Growth, and Reproduction in Fish.

Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure-response relationships for ecologically relevant endpoints in fish vary greatly whether based on lowest-effect thresholds (Berninger and Tillitt 2019) or all-response data (sensitivity analyses), which precludes use of a single fitted model per endpoint to predict risk or injury to mixed fish populations. PCB = polychlorinated biphenyl.
In-situ detection of physical and chemical changes in plasmonic nanocavity

In-situ observation of light-induced physico-chemical changes is a long sought experimental approach to gain mechanistic understanding of the underlying fundamental processes. Here, we present experimental results that demonstrate the possibility of using plasmonic nanocavity for inducing and observing physical and chemical changes. This is demonstrated by monitoring photons scattered by a plasmonic nanocavity, in which materials of interest (organic and inorganic systems) are embedded.
Sleep Apnea and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Complications

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in adults and its prevalence is rising dramatically in children. Obesity, especially central obesity, leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, affecting more than 100 million people worldwide. Central obesity is also a major risk factor for sleep apnea, which affects 2–4% of adults in the United States, and has prevalence in excess of 50% in obese, otherwise healthy, males. Thus, both metabolic dysfunction and sleep apnea (SA) are adverse outcomes of obesity and act as important intermediates in the path to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The fact that SA and diabetes frequently co-exist in obese individuals has received growing attention. The overwhelming majority of large community and clinic-based studies report a positive association between SA and one or more parameters of metabolic dysfunction, independent of obesity. Treatment of SA with nasal continuous positive airway pressure can lead to improvements in insulin sensitivity, in the absence of any change in body weight, and animal models of SA exhibit reduced insulin sensitivity suggesting that a cause and effect relationship exists between sleep apnea and insulin resistance. Sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep leading to periods of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. The stimulus of intermittent hypoxia is known to activate multiple physiologic systems including sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, insulin counter-regulatory hormones, a stress/pro-inflammatory state, and generation of reactive oxygen species. All of these activated pathways can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and putatively act as intermediates in the pathway leading from sleep apnea to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Iron Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: A Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Datasets

Changes in iron metabolism in prostate cancer are not understood. We address the hypothesis that more aggressive prostate cancers exhibit markers of higher acquisition and intracellular retention o...
Comparison of the Structure and Polypeptide Composition of Three Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid-Containing Viruses (Diplornaviruses): Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus, Wound Tumor Virus, and Reovirus

Abstract Iodination of reovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), and wound tumor virus (WTV), and their respective subviral forms, followed by analysis of the labeled polypeptides by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been used to compare the protein contents of these three diplornaviruses. This approach, when combined with electron microscopy and buoyant density determinations, appears capable of localizing individual polypeptides in some of the viral and subviral forms. CPV (p = 1.435 g/cm3) seems to resemble reovirus cores (p = 1.440 g/cm3) in both ultrastructure and polypeptide composition. CPV is composed of five polypeptides with molecular weights of about 151,000, 142,000, 130,000, 67,000, and 33,000. The polyhedral matrix, which in nature encapsulates the virions, is, in turn, composed mainly of two polypeptide species with molecular weights of about 30,000 and 20,000, and several minor proteins. The proteins of WTV consist mainly of four species of polypeptide with molecular weights of about 156,000, 122,000, 63,000, and 44,000, and several minor components. These molecular weight determinations are consistent with the hypothesis that, as has been suggested for reovirus, the viral proteins of CPV and WTV seem to be coded for by monocistronic mes senger RNA molecules transcribed from distinct segments of the double-stranded RNA viral genomes.
Point: should positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with ARDS be set on oxygenation? Yes.

Funding/Support: This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health [HHSN268200536171C/N01-HR-56171; HHSN268200536169C/N01-HR-56169; HHSN268200536175C/N01-HR-56175; HHSN268200536170C/N01-HR-56170]. Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST the following conflicts of interest: Dr MacIntyre has been a consultant for CareFusion Corporation since 1985. Dr Hite currently is a National Institutes of Health-funded investigator for studies related to ARDS. He also serves as a consultant (data safety and monitoring board chair) for a clinical trial sponsored by Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc and is a shareholder in Discovery Laboratories, Inc (both unrelated to the content of this article). Dr Hite has been an unfunded speaker on the subject of mechanical ventilation and ARDS, which is relevant to the content of this article. Dr Truwit has received National Institutes of Health grant funding in ARDS and an ARDS-surfactant grant from PneumoPartners. Drs Miller, Brower, and Morris have reported that no potential conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article. Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. See online for more details.
Adding Relational Query Facilities to Software Development Environments

Software development environments should include query handlers. Query handlers based on the relational database model are attractive because the model provides a uniform, non-procedural approach to query writing. There are two drawbacks to using the relational model to support query handlers in software development systems: (1) Standard relational database systems require that all information be stored in relations; however, the data structures used by existing software development environments are generally non-relational, and it is impractical to replace them with relations. (2) The standard relational operators are not powerful enough to express certain important classes of queries.
Addressing Emerging Challenges in the Pharmaceutical Product Development Ecosystem

Abstract Drug and medical device regulation over the next several decades will be fundamentally shaped not only by the expansion of their respective supply chains—which has already introduced critical vulnerabilities covered by contributors to this volume—but also by advances in regulatory science that offer the potential to reduce barriers and enhance the efficiency of drug development, approval, and surveillance; harness new analytical methods and incorporate new areas of therapeutic potential. The following chapter analyzes such trends with a specific focus on the governance relationships that will characterize product development and distribution as product developers and providers, regulators, consumers, and patients work together to manage the benefits and costs ofp innovation generally and try to protect what gains have been made from unintentional erosion by, for example, microbial resistance and vulnerabilities in supply chains.
On the horizon: the 2015 Canadian Library Association: last? But not lease

Purpose – Conference report column. Design/methodology/approach – Report of a conference. Findings – Conference impressions. Originality/value – The only review of the 2015 Canadian Library Association conference.
Structuring for Leverage: CPDOs, SIVs, and ARSs

This paper briefly introduces the theory of leveraged returns and risk aversion, which created both a supply and demand for leveraged structured products. The paper describes three applications in structured finance: Constant Proportional Debt Obligations (CPDOs) used financial leverage to increase returns on consumer mortgage and other loan receivables; Auction Rate Securities (ARS) used monthly note auctions to determine rates for even safer underlying student loan collateral; and Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs) implemented a term-structure arbitrage to lower funding costs for typical consumer mortgage and other assets at the expense of liquidity risk. There are three common themes in each of the product categories. First, investments books' dismissal of leverage on the grounds of practical borrowing costs is correct in all but a financial bubble. There is no reason that a lender would lend at a risk-free rate if the risk premium on the use of funds was high enough to enable an arbitrage. Second, therefore, the initial application to increasing leverage has to take place in a benign market environment with a safe underlying collateral or investment type. Third, once the arbitrage is in place and risk has been dismissed, there inevitably comes a push to increase the risk of the underlying collateral to heighten profits. Of course, when risk manifests - as it inevitably does - dramatic losses follow.