cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridge between neuroimmunity and traumatic brain injury

The pathophysiology of degenerative, infectious, inflammatory and traumatic diseases of the central nervous system includes a significant immune component. As to the latter, damage to the cerebral vasculature and neural cell bodies, caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) activates innate immunity with concomitant infiltration of immunocytes into the damaged nervous system. This leads to proinflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin production and lost synaptic integrity and more generalized neurotoxicity. Engagement of adaptive immune responses follows including the production of antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation. These affect the tempo of disease along with tissue repair and as such provide a number of potential targets for pharmacological treatments for TBI. However, despite a large body of research, no such treatment intervention is currently available. In this review we will discuss the immune response initiated following brain injuries, drawing on knowledge gained from a broad array of experimental and clinical studies. Our discussion seeks to address potential therapeutic targets and propose ways in which the immune system can be controlled to promote neuroprotection.
Color contrast cross-grid displays using undisturbed cholesterics

A flat-panel display has been developed that makes use of undisturbed cholesteric liquid crystals at 24°C. The display is x-y addressed. Information is displayed at TV frame rates via color contrast or intensity contrast.
Pretargeting CWR22 prostate tumor in mice with MORF-B72.3 antibody and radiolabeled cMORF

Purpose We have now applied our MORF/cMORF pretargeting technology to the targeting of CWR22 prostate tumor in nude mice.
Mechanisms of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Accumulation In Vivo

The accumulation of leukocytes into tissues is a characteristic feature of inflammatory reactions. This process is triggered by chemical signals generated in a tissue in response to an inflammatory stimulus e.g., invading microbes, other foreign organisms, allergens, or damaged tissue cells. The mechanisms involved in neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in vivo are complex and dependent on an initial interaction between the leukocytes and the microvascular endothelial cells. This response is regulated by the coordinated expression and/or activation of leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules. The precise mechanisms that control the selective accumulation of eosinophils, as opposed to neutrophils, in certain inflammatory reactions (e.g., in IgE-mediated allergic reactions) remain unclear. This may be explained partly by the generation of eosinophil-specific inflammatory mediators and activation of selective adhesion pathways such as the VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction. Although the neutrophil and eosinophil have distinct roles in host defense, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory disorders. Thus, a better understanding of the events mediating and regulating neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in vivo will be of considerable value in the development of therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disease states.
On large deviations and density functions

Suppose thatX1,X2, ... is a sequence of absolutely continuous or integer valued random variables with corresponding probability density functionsfn(x). Let {φn} =1 ∞ be a sequence of real numbers, then necessary and sufficient conditions are given forn−1 logfn(φn)-n−1 log P (Xn>φn)=0(1) asn→∞.
Structure of the Wood used in Violins

THE many recent investigations on string instruments1 deal mainly with two problems: the theory of the mechanical and acoustical behaviour of the different parts of the instrument (and its experimental verification), and the analysis of the tones produced by the instruments. The question of the proper choice of material has made scarcely any progress since the fundamental investigations of F. Savart2. Since it has been repeatedly stated that age, treatment and varnish change the character of the wood, we investigated the structure of the wood in violins of different origin* with X-rays. Copper K α(in a few cases also molybdenum K α) rays fall (a) through the F-hole on to the back of the instrument or (b) are reflected from the edges of either top or back.
Incidence of late ureteral obstruction after antireflux surgery in infants and children

Forty infants and children who underwent antireflux surgery for primary reflux had long-term follow-up with intravenous pyelograms (IVP). The IVPs were evaluated for the incidence of late ureteral obstruction. Although 4 cases (5.5 per cent) of early ureteral obstruction were noted, no instances of late ureteral obstruction were found. After antireflux surgery, patients should have a follow-up IVP within the first six months to rule out the possibility of early ureteral obstruction. The need for performing periodic IVPs for many years postoperatively, when obstruction is absent in the immediate postoperative period, is questioned.
Effects of oxygen on intrinsic radiation sensitivity: A test of the relationship between aerobic and hypoxic linear-quadratic (LQ) model parameters

The poor treatment prognosis for tumors with high levels of hypoxia is usually attributed to the decreased sensitivity of hypoxic cells to ionizing radiation. Mechanistic considerations suggest that linear quadratic (LQ) survival model radiosensitivity parameters for hypoxic ( H ) and aerobic ( A ) cells are related by α H = α A ∕ oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) and ( α ∕ β ) H = OER ( α ∕ β ) A . The OER parameter may be interpreted as the ratio of the dose to the hypoxic cells to the dose to the aerobic cells required to produce the same number of DSBs per cell. The validity of these expressions is tested against survival data for mammalian cells irradiated in vitro with low- and high-LET radiation. Estimates of hypoxic and aerobic radiosensitivity parameters are derived from independent and simultaneous least-squares fits to the survival data. An external bootstrap procedure is used to test whether independent fits to the survival data give significantly better predictions than simultaneous fits to the aerobic and hypoxic data. For low-LET radiation, estimates of the OER derived from the in vitro data are between 2.3 and 3.3 for extreme levels of hypoxia. The estimated range for the OER is similar to the oxygen enhancement ratios reported in the literature for the initial yield of DSBs. The half-time for sublethal damage repair was found to be independent of oxygen concentration. Analysis of patient survival data for cervix cancer suggests an average OER less than or equal to 1.5, which corresponds to a p O 2 of 5 mm Hg (0.66%) in the in vitro experiments. Because the OER derived from the cervix cancer data is averaged over cells at all oxygen levels, cells irradiated in vivo under extreme levels of hypoxia ( 0.5 mm Hg ) may have an OER substantially higher than 1.5. The reported analyses of in vitro data, as well as mechanistic considerations, provide strong support for the expressions relating hypoxic and aerobic radiosensitivity parameters. The formulas are also useful for the analysis of clinical data because the number of radiosensitivity parameters that need to be determined is reduced from four to three without a substantial decrease in the ability of the LQ to accurately predict the surviving faction. The relationships among radiosensitivity parameters imply that the dose to the hypoxic subvolume of the tumor needs to be escalated by a factor of the OER to achieve the same level of tumor control as in well oxygenated tumor regions.
Similarities and differences among antisocial and psychopathic self‐report inventories from the perspective of general personality functioning

There are currently many alternative self-report inventories for the assessment of antisocial and psychopathic personality traits. The hypothesis of the current study was that similarities and differences among them can be meaningfully understood with respect to their representation of common personality traits. The current study explored this hypothesis using as a point of comparison the Five Factor Model (FFM) of general personality functioning. Six self-report measures currently being used in antisocial and psychopathy research were administered, along with a self-report measure of the FFM. Differences were obtained across the six inventories with respect to how they related to the domains and facets of the FFM that were consistent with FFM models of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Implications for the theoretical and clinical understanding of findings obtained with the respective inventories, and the personality disorder constructs they assess, are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The detection of coherence in moving random-dot patterns.

Abstract If a random-dot pattern is presented in two successive displays in which the second is spatially displaced in relation to the first, then under certain conditions observers are able to accurately discriminate the direction of their apparent motion . The accuracy of detecting this coherent relationship between the two stimuli was found to be a rapidly decreasing function of their separation in space and time and an increasing function of the number of elements in the pattern. The visual system seems to utiliz a process similar to cross-correlation to detect coherent , position-invariant patterns of stimulation.
Melatonin Reduces 3H-Nitrendipine Binding in the Heart

The effect of melatonin on cardiac and brain voltage-sensitive calcium channels, as measured by 3H-nitrendipine binding, was examined in rats 3 hr after melatonin administration (either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg given subcutaneously). Scatchard analysis of the data on specific binding of 3H-nitrendipine with crude cardiac membranes from melatonin treated rats revealed significant decreases (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 for the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg melatonin doses, respectively) in the density of Ca2+ channels without a change in their affinity for the ligand. At doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of melatonin, Bmax values were 157 and 142 fmoles/mg protein, respectively, compared with a control value of 199 fmoles/mg protein in crude cardiac membranes. In brain, melatonin treatment did not statistically significantly influence either 3H-nitrendipine binding or its affinity when compared with control animals. These results suggest that melatonin modulates the functional status of voltage sensitive calcium channels in the heart, changes that may have implications for normal cardiac physiology and for the pharmacological manipulation of the heart.
Optimal rare query suggestion with implicit user feedback

Query suggestion has been an effective approach to help users narrow down to the information they need. However, most of existing studies focused on only popular/head queries. Since rare queries possess much less information (e.g., clicks) than popular queries in the query logs, it is much more difficult to efficiently suggest relevant queries to a rare query. In this paper, we propose an optimal rare query suggestion framework by leveraging implicit feedbacks from users in the query logs. Our model resembles the principle of pseudo-relevance feedback which assumes that top-returned results by search engines are relevant. However, we argue that the clicked URLs and skipped URLs contain different levels of information and thus should be treated differently. Hence, our framework optimally combines both the click and skip information from users and uses a random walk model to optimize the query correlation. Our model specifically optimizes two parameters: (1) the restarting (jumping) rate of random walk, and (2) the combination ratio of click and skip information. Unlike the Rocchio algorithm, our learning process does not involve the content of the URLs but simply leverages the click and skip counts in the query-URL bipartite graphs. Consequently, our model is capable of scaling up to the need of commercial search engines. Experimental results on one-month query logs from a large commercial search engine with over 40 million rare queries demonstrate the superiority of our framework, with statistical significance, over the traditional random walk models and pseudo-relevance feedback models.
Applications of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions

The availability and utility of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions have exploded since the first genome-scale reconstruction was published a decade ago. Reconstructions have now been built for a wide variety of organisms, and have been used toward five major ends: (1) contextualization of high-throughput data, (2) guidance of metabolic engineering, (3) directing hypothesis-driven discovery, (4) interrogation of multi-species relationships, and (5) network property discovery. In this review, we examine the many uses and future directions of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions, and we highlight trends and opportunities in the field that will make the greatest impact on many fields of biology.
Assessment of Molecular Markers of Clinical Sensitivity to Single-Agent Taxane Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: The taxanes affect tubulin polymerization and interfere with mitotic transition. A checkpoint blockade at the G1-S boundary would be expected to promote taxane-induced apoptotic cell death through a mechanism that may involve p27. Other proposed determinants of clinical taxane sensitivity/resistance include p53, members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) superfamily (eg, HER2, EGFR), and estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. These molecular markers and their correlation with clinical taxane sensitivity are investigated in this retrospective clinicopathologic study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, HER2, EGFR, p53, and p27 on 144 breast tumor specimens from patients treated for metastatic breast cancer on a series of clinical trials of single-agent taxane chemotherapy for correlation with clinical response (complete or partial response). Patient characteristics that could influence response (ie, perfo...
Survival and Recruitment in a Human-Impacted Population of Ornate Box Turtles, Terrapene ornata, with Recommendations for Conservation and Management

Alteration and loss of habitat is a major factor in the recent declines of many turtle populations. However, there are few studies of turtle populations in areas that are used intensively by humans. We used temporal symmetry modeling and an information-theoretic approach to model selection to estimate survival and recruitment in a population of Ornate Box Turtles, Terrapene ornata, in fragmented, isolated habitat over an eight-year period. Apparent annual survival was high during this period (0.97, SE 5 0.06), as was the seniority probability (0.95 60.04). Recruitment into the adult population (k) was estimated at 1.02 (60.06). Our results suggest a healthy population, but we note several reasons for a cautious management approach. These include a vulnerability of k to the removal of adults, the need for increased recruitment to offset loss of genetic diversity, and the uncertainty of our estimates resulting from the sampling and modeling processes.
Making the Household, Making the State: Colonial Military Communities and Labor in German East Africa*

This essay uses German East Africa as a historical example to illustrate some of the complex interrelationships between colonial labor and military practices. Analysis of African soldiers' roles in colonial labor regimes underscores the degree to which colonial militaries, labor, and punitive structures reinforced each other on a daily basis. Colonial states depended on their African soldiers, and the free and unfree laborers they recruited, conscripted, and supervised, for preservation of the German colonial state's political authority and economic viability. Moreover, these military labor practices tied soldiers' households to colonial state interests, laying the basis for new colonial cultures and campaign communities.
Medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") resulting in acute cholinergic syndrome.

A 73-year-old man consumed a decoction of the medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain (“Ting Kung Teng”), as recommended in traditional Chinese medicine for arthritis. Shortly, he developed a cholinergic syndrome that included dizziness, diaphoresis, chills, lacrimation, salivation, rhinorrhea, nausea, and vomiting. He was also hypothermic and hypotensive. Notable laboratory values included a normal serum cholinesterase and transiently elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and glucose. There is no previous report on the toxicity due to this herb in the literature. Active constituents of the herb include a number of tropane alkaloids, one of which possesses cholinergic rather than anticholinergic activities. A study conducted on mice, with a related herb, has demonstrated renal, hepatic, and erythrocyte toxicity.
Involvement of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and viral IL-6 in the spontaneous growth of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus-associated infected primary effusion lymphoma cells.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a distinct type of lymphoma associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. To determine the factors responsible for the unrestrained proliferation of PEL, we have studied the growth factor requirements of the PEL-derived BCBL-1 and BC-1 cell lines. Both cell lines were found to be autocrine growth factor dependent and to release human interleukin-6 (IL-6), viral IL-6 (vIL-6), and human IL-10 in the culture supernatant. To establish whether these cytokines contribute to autocrine growth, neutralizing antibodies against human IL-6, vIL-6, human IL-10, and soluble IL-10 receptor were used. These experiments showed that human IL-10 and, to a lesser degree, vIL-6 serve as autocrine growth factors for BCBL-1 and BC-1 cells. Thus, human IL-10 and vIL-6 are growth factors released and used by PEL cells for autonomous proliferation and may be critical to the development and progression of PEL. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
‘NO NEED...TO THINK OF HOME’? MASCULINITY AND DOMESTIC LIFE ON THE NIGERIAN RAILWAY, c . 1940–61

Drawing on a study of predominantly Yoruba railway workers based in southwestern Nigeria from the late I930s to the early I960s, this essay examines the views of masculinity and domesticity that circulated within wage earners' communities and probes the links between family life and industrial relations. As the largest category of wage workers, railwaymen helped to create new domestic forms in Nigeria because of their steady incomes, the constraints of their employment and their proximity to the reach of the colonial state/employer. Many of them came to their jobs in order to marry, build houses or create patronage relations. Over time, though, their spending diverged from these older patterns. Wives made active claims on their incomes for domestic maintenance, so that such contributions came to be seen as less and less discretionary. Their households experienced more marital stability and resource pooling than others in the same era, leading many career workers to see themselves as primary family providers. Tight domestic budgets and increasing time spent away, from the hometown helped to loosen railwaymen's ties with their natal communities, although many formed urban and work-based patronage networks. Nigerian railway workers were not passive objects of colonial policies. Their gender ideologies and domestic arrangements were altered both because the labor process was transformed and because such modifications suited the life strategies of individual men and women. Furthermore, even as they adapted in response to new circumstances, they attempted to impose their visions of gender and family life upon the labor process. Metropolitan-encouraged ideals of male breadwinners and dependent wives held sway in some contexts, but they coexisted with a variety of practices and considerable discussion about the nexus between labor and home life. By the early I960s, as Nigerians began to build an independent country, wage earners grappled with questions of national developm
Community-based approach to weight loss : the pawtucket weigh-in

The Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP), in its attempt to treat obesity in the community, has delivered many traditional group and self-help weight loss programs. However, in order to reach a sufficient number of people to produce a public health impact in Pawtucket, PHHP devised a monthly citywide “weigh-in.” This program, designed to be delivered by volunteers, allowed individuals to set a weight loss goal and pledge a monetary incentive toward this goal. Self-help materials and the opportunity to join weight loss groups were provided. In the pilot study, 129 (61%) of 213 enrollees completed the 10-week program with a mean weight loss of 8.2 lb (p< .001). A large decrease in total serum cholesterol was also observed. Nonpersonnel costs, including the total costs of the cholesterol measurement, were $1.30 per pound lost. Moreover, success is also evident by continued availability of the program and the increasing number of new participants “referred” to the weigh-in by members.
Tethered Aerostat Modeling Using an Efficient Recursive Rigid-Body Dynamics Approach

A tethered aerostat model is developed using a computationally efficient recursive tether model. The recursive rigid-body tether model results in unconstrained ordinary differential equations and maintains much of the simplicity of simple lumped mass tether models while avoiding numerical difficulties associated with using many stiff elastic elements with low mass. Further efficiency is achieved by treating each tether link as a body of revolution and assuming that tether spin is negligible to the dynamics. The tether is attached to a 6 degree of freedom aerostat model using a single visco-elastic element. The final recursive tetheraerostat model is well suited for a variety of trade studies required for design and analysis of such system due to its low computational cost and numerical robustness. Simulations are used to show how the proposed recursive model can be used to investigate the dynamic response and tether loads for a 17m tethered aerostat in response to varying winds. Nomenclature c j a = acceleration of j th connection joint with respect to the inertial frame m j a = acceleration of mass center of j th link with respect to the inertial frame A,B,Q = apparent mass values bj = j th link of the tether (ground link j = 0, root link j = 1, parent body j = jp) cj = j th connection joint (ground connection joint j = 0) cT
Hypoxia Regulates Xanthine Dehydrogenase Activity at Pre- and Posttranslational Levels

Abstract Hypoxia increases the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and its precursor, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), but the mechanism of regulation is unclear. In hypoxic Swiss 3T3 cells, an early (0–24 h) cycloheximide-insensitive increase in XO-XDH activity, coupled with a lack of increase in de novo XO-XDH synthesis (immunoprecipitation) or mRNA levels (quantitative RT-PCR), demonstrated a posttranslational effect of hypoxia. Similarly, hyperoxia decreased XO-XDH activity faster than could be accounted for by cessation of XO-XDH protein synthesis. In further support of a posttranslational effect, cells transfected with a constitutively driven XDH construct displayed an exaggerated increase in activity in hypoxia but no increase in activity in hyperoxia. However, more prolonged exposure to hypoxia (24–48 h) induced an increase in XO-XDH mRNA levels and de novo XO-XDH protein synthesis, suggesting an additional pretranslational effect. Finally, hypoxic induction of XO-XDH activity was found to be cell-type-restricted. We conclude that control of XO-XDH levels by oxygen tension is a complex process which involves several points of regulation.
Frances Willard, Phoebe Palmer, and the Ethos of the Methodist Woman Preacher

This article attempts to analyze the ineffable quality of ethos in a case study anout Frances Willard, contending that she succeeded with conservative middle-class audiences by invoking the ethos of the Methodist woman preacher, which she may have learned from her mentor Phoebe Palmer. Methodism encouraged women's moral activism, and Palmer, foreshadowing Willard's agenda, worked for many causes, all the while maintaining a genteel True-Womanly persona. Willard testified to Palmer's spiritual influence on her, and her speaking style also reflected Palmer's blend of intense commitment, spiritual restraint, refined appearance, sound logic, and seemingly artless eloquence. Both women's rhetoric came to seem dated in their final years, yet both left lasting legacies of social change in their communities.
Modeling and analysis of high-speed links

Very low bit error rate (BER) requirements for the operation of a high-speed link system require a very precise analysis of the link performance in order to prevent unrealistic specifications on both IC design and communication algorithm development. This paper presents the analysis of the noise and distortion sources in a high-speed link system, and their impact on the choice and effectiveness of different communication techniques. Phase-locked loop and clock-and-data recovery loop modeling is also described. It is shown that the most dominant noise and distortion sources are colored and bounded, as opposed to standard unbounded Gaussian white noise assumptions, which yield large errors in the estimation of the link performance and comparison of different signaling techniques. With very low BER requirements, shape of probability distribution of noise and distortion sources and their correlations, are much more important than just their total power, which contrasts the standard analysis in communication systems.
A medical image retrieval framework in correlation enhanced visual concept feature space

This paper presents a medical image retrieval framework that uses visual concepts in a feature space employing statistical models built using a probabilistic multi-class support vector machine (SVM). The images are represented using concepts that comprise color and texture patches from local image regions in a multi-dimensional feature space. A major limitation of concept feature representation is that the structural relationship or spatial ordering between concepts are ignored. We present a feature representation scheme as visual concept structure descriptor (VCSD) that overcomes this challenge and captures both the concept frequency similar to a color histogram and the local spatial relationships of the concepts. A probabilistic framework makes the descriptor robust against classification and quantization errors. Evaluation of the proposed image retrieval framework on a biomedical image dataset with different imaging modalities validates its benefits.
Maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. I. DNA packaging events.

Abstract Pulse-chase experiments in wild-type and mutant phage-infected cells provide evidence that the following particles called prohead I, II and III are successive precursors to the mature heads. The prohead I particles contain predominantly the precursor protein P23 and possibly P22 (mol. wt 31,000) and IP III (mol. wt 24,000) and have an s value of about 400 S. Concomitantly with the cleavage of most of P23 (mol. wt 55,000) to P23∗ (mol. wt 45,000), they are rapidly converted into prohead II particles which sediment with about 350 S. The prohead II particles contain, in addition to P23∗, the major constituents of the viral shella—a core consisting of proteins P22 and IP III. In cell lysates, prohead I and prohead II particles contain no DNA in a DNase-resistant form and are not bound to the replicative DNA. We cannot, however, positively rule out the possibility that these particles may have contained some DNA while in the cells. The prohead II particles are in turn converted into particles which sediment with about 550 S after DNase treatment (prohead III). During this conversion about 50% of normal DNA complement becomes packaged in a DNase-resistant form, and roughly 50% of the core proteins P22 and IP III are cleaved. In lysates the prohead III particles are attached to the replicative DNA. The prohead III particle appears to be the immediate precursor of the full mature head (1100 S). Cleavage of protein P22 to small polypeptides and conversion of IP III IP III∗ are completed at this time. No precursor proteins are found in the full heads. Studies with various mutant phage showed that the prohead II to III conversion is blocked by mutations in genes 16 and 17 and that the conversion of the prohead III particles to the mature heads is blocked by mutations in gene 49. Cleavage of the head proteins, however, occurs normally in these mutant-infected cells. We conclude that the cleavage of the major component of the viral shell, P23, into P23∗ precedes the DNA packaging event, whereas cleavage of the core proteins P22 and IP III appears to be intimately linked to the DNA packaging event. Models relating the cleavage processes to DNA encapsulation are discussed.
A Behavioral Study of Proximal Mechanisms of Male Recognition of Female Mating Status in the Parasitoid Wasp Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Abstract Mating preferences, including the proximate mechanisms of preferences, have not been well studied among parasitoid wasps. In the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), males chase after both mated females and virgin females equally. Not until contact or near contact are males more likely to retreat from mated females and hence less likely to mount them. This study used a behavioral perspective to test several hypotheses about the proximal cause of such retreats. Retreats do not seem to be a response to aggressive physical behavior by mated females. Male retreats also were not just a response to female motion; females were not consistently moving or consistently still before male retreats. Retreats were not simply a response to antiaphrodisiac pheromone on the surface of mated females; males did not avoid mounting dead females. If a pheromone is involved, females seem to be actively releasing it, in contrast to the antiaphrodisiac surface pheromones known in other hym...
SPATIOTEMPORAL RESPONSES OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS TO TIMBER HARVEST TREATMENTS

We compared the influence of clearcut and selective timber harvest treatments on spatial and temporal variability of amphibians and reptiles in an east Texas bottomland hardwood forest. The dataset represented a time series of 5 years post-treatment. A total of 18,645 amphibians and reptiles was captured in 144 pitfall arrays. We used 9 plots (3 clearcut, 3 select cut, and 3 untreated). Each plot had 16 arrays and was bisected by 1 of 3 streams. Pitfall captures represented 46 species (16 amphibians, 30 reptiles). When analyzed with a traditional ANOVA approach, these data suggested an increase in reptile species richness in response to clearcut treatments; amphibian species richness did not respond to treatment. When analyzed as a time series, however, the data revealed fluctuations in site use by species and species groups, and these fluctuations were independent of treatment effects. Exploratory analyses of spatio-temporal dynamics showed that species richness and the relative abundance of common species displayed spatial patterns that remained consistent over time. In control and select cut treatments, spatial patterns of richness and abundance shifted over time and were not necessarily confined to areas adjacent to streams. In clearcuts, stationary habitat refugia were located within riparian management zones.
Deep Poisson factor modeling

We propose a new deep architecture for topic modeling, based on Poisson Factor Analysis (PFA) modules. The model is composed of a Poisson distribution to model observed vectors of counts, as well as a deep hierarchy of hidden binary units. Rather than using logistic functions to characterize the probability that a latent binary unit is on, we employ a Bernoulli-Poisson link, which allows PFA modules to be used repeatedly in the deep architecture. We also describe an approach to build discriminative topic models, by adapting PFA modules. We derive efficient inference via MCMC and stochastic variational methods, that scale with the number of non-zeros in the data and binary units, yielding significant efficiency, relative to models based on logistic links. Experiments on several corpora demonstrate the advantages of our model when compared to related deep models.
Lipoprotein assembly capacity of the mammary tumor-derived cell line C127 is due to the expression of functional microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

C127, a murine mammary tumor-derived cell line, is capable of lipidating and secreting apolipoprotein B-41 (apoB-41) in the apparent absence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction, mouse MTP mRNA was detected in C127 cells at approximately 10-20% of the relative abundance of human MTP in HepG2 cells. Radiolabeling of C127 cells with [35S]methionine and [35S]- cysteine followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-MTP antibodies identified a band with an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of authentic mouse MTP. Cotransfection of apoB-41 and the MTP 97-kDa subunit in C127 cells enhanced apoB secretion by approximately 5-fold relative to apoB-41 transfection alone, suggesting that MTP is limiting in these cells. To establish that MTP expression is responsible for apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly in C127 cells, the effects of the MTP inhibitor BMS-200150 were examined. Secretion of apoB-41 by C127 cells was inhibited to the same extent observed in COS-1 cells cotransfected with apoB-41 and MTP. These results suggest that low MTP expression, and not the expression or overexpression of another known or novel factor(s), is responsible for apoB assembly and secretion in C127 cells and further supports the essential nature of MTP in the biogenesis of apoB-containing lipoproteins. .
Calculation of One-Electron Charge, Momentum, and Spin Densities: The Statistical Exchange Approximation

In these notes we will present a certain view of the status of the theory of one-electron densities, using concrete examples to illustrate the applicability of theoretical models to experimentally interesting systems. Our task is made easier by the excellent lectures on the fundamental theory given by Professor March and other participants of this school. Let us begin by remembering the connection between the basic N-electron quantum state \({{\psi }_{l}}\left( 1,2,..N \right)\) and the density matrices whose properties we eventually measure: The pth order density matrix can be defined as /1,2/ $$\begin{array}{l} \rho _\ell ^p(1,2, \ldots p|1'2' \ldots p) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} N\\ p \end{array}} \right)\smallint \psi _\ell ^*(1,2, \ldots N)\psi \ell (1'2' \ldots p',p + 1, \ldots N)\\ d(p + 1)d(p + 2) \ldots d(N) \end{array}$$ (1) Evidently, integration over the coordinates (p+l)...N suppresses a great deal of information contained in the state ψ so that one eventually arrives at the simple one-particle and two-particle distributions or densities which are accessible to experiment. We can best display the hierarchy of density matrices and their final profection onto various “islands of experiment” in Fig. 1, borrowing from the Dick Weiss’ delightful model.
The Global Information Economy, Service Industrialization and the UCLA BIT Project

Most of the large economies in the world are already dominated by services. Developed countries are also close to becoming information economies; this is already true for the US and Korea. The confluence of these trends means that information services are the largest part of the US and other developed economies, with others close behind. This evolution is being accompanied by a revolution: the rapid industrialization of information services. These developments have manifold consequences for the economy as a whole, as well as for productivity, trade, jobs, globalization and competition. At the sector level, many industries are undergoing massive changes in structure. There are also significant implications for management strategies and internal organizational structure for all firms. The Business and Information Technologies (BIT) project at UCLA Anderson is a global effort to track and assess these changes through GNP studies, surveys of business practice, and studies of key industry sectors.
Modes of failure of custom expandable repiphysis prostheses: a report of three cases.

Limb preservation surgery for patients with sarcomas of the extremity is recognized as a valid, safe, and effective means of treating local disease1. However, one of the major dilemmas in lower limb preservation in skeletally immature children is the ability to maintain leg-length equality as the child ages and grows. Many prosthetic designs that allow expansion of the internal prosthesis and consequent limb-lengthening, either noninvasively or through a minor surgical procedure, have evolved2,3. One of the latest of the noninvasive expandable implants is the Repiphysis expandable limb salvage system (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, Tennessee), originally called the Phenix prosthesis (Phenix Medical, Paris, France)4,5. Although used in Europe since the early 1990s, the first Phenix prosthesis was implanted in the United States in 1998, and in 2002, the device became approved by the Food and Drug Administration. While this system offers many advantages over earlier expandable limb salvage implants, we observed three failures among sixteen Repiphysis prostheses implanted (in fourteen patients) between 2003 and 2010 by the senior author (R.M.H.). The patients and their parents were informed that the data concerning these cases would be submitted for publication, and they consented. Case 1. An eight-year-old girl was diagnosed as having stage-IIB osteosarcoma, according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) system developed by Enneking et al.6, in the distal end of the left femur. A wide local resection was done at another institution with limb reconstruction with use of a Lewis Expandable Adjustable Prosthesis (LEAP, Wright Medical Technology) with an expansion capacity of 2.5 cm. Two years later, she presented to us with a fixed knee flexion deformity of 80° and an inability to bear weight on that leg because of the deformity and limb-length discrepancy. Following serial casting to …
Spectrin-adducin membrane skeleton: A missing link between epithelial junctions and the actin cytoskeletion?

Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) represent key adhesive structures that regulate the apico-basal polarity and barrier properties of epithelial layers. AJs and TJs readily undergo disassembly and reassembly during normal tissue remodeling and disruption of epithelial barriers in diseases. Such junctional plasticity depends on the orchestrated dynamics of the plasma membrane with its underlying F-actin cytoskeleton, however the interplay between these cellular structures remains poorly understood. Recent studies highlighted the spectrin-adducin-based membrane skeleton as an emerging regulator of AJ and TJ integrity and remodeling. Here we discuss new evidences implicating adducin, spectrin and other membrane skeleton proteins in stabilization of epithelial junctions and regulation of junctional dynamics. Based on the known ability of the membrane skeleton to link cortical actin filaments to the plasma membrane, we hypothesize that the spectrin-adducin network serves as a critical signal an...
Raman spectroscopy of blood for species identification.

The species identification of a blood stain is an important and immediate challenge for forensic science, veterinary purposes, and wildlife preservation. The current methods used to identify the species of origin of a blood stain are limited in scope and destructive to the sample. We have previously demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can reliably differentiate blood traces of human, cat, and dog (Virkler et al. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 7773−7777) and, most recently, built a binary model for differentiating human vs animal blood for 11 species integrated with human existence (McLaughlin et al. Forensic Sci. Int. 2014, 238, 91−95). Here we report a satisfactory classification of blood obtained from 11 animal classes and human subjects by statistical analysis of Raman spectra. Classification of blood samples was achieved according to each sample’s species of origin, which enhanced previously observed discrimination ability. The developed approach does not require the knowledge of a specific (bio)chemical mark...
Thermoelectric properties of Cr3S4-type selenides

Several compounds with the Cr3 S4 structure type have been studied for their thermoelectric properties. All exhibit low lattice thermal conductivity of about 15 mW/cmK, independent of temperature. Many of the compounds, such as Co3 Se4, Ni3 Se4, Fe3 Se4, Ti3 Se4, FeNi2 Se4, and FeCo2 Se4, are metals with relatively low electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. The Cr containing compounds, such as Cr3 Se4, NiCr2 Se4, CoCr2 Se4, and FeCr2 Se4, have the largest Seebeck coefficients and highest resistivity. thermoelectric applications is FeCr2 Se4.
Shock Wave Impingement on Boundary Layers at Hypersonic Speeds: Computational Analysis and Uncertainty

The current status of uncertainty in computational uid dynamic simulations of impinging hypersonic shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions is considered for conditions pertinent to the development of scramjet air-breathing propulsion concepts. The computational methods examined are those of NASA's DPLR Real-Gas Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes nite-volume code using structured grids and MPI Linux Cluster parallel computer technology, along with several commonly used turbulence models. The available body of experiments is examined for those suitable to base such an evaluation of computational methods. Turbulence model implementation details are evaluated for applicability to these hypersonic ows. The errors and uncertainty, inherent to the RANS methods and turbulence models used, are numerically evaluated with respect to physics quantities of interest not only to computational uid dynamic practitioners and developers, but also to the designer making use of modern CFD methods to innovate and develop hypersonic capable hardware such as prototype scramjet engines. Reported are statistical based means, variances, and con dence limits of uncertainty measures constructed for these physics quantities of interest so as to reveal the certitude with which computations of impinging shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction ows at hypersonic turbulent conditions can be used and evaluated with the intent of improvement.
Histochemical Study of the Mucosubstances in the Canine Stomach I. The Resting Mucosa

Two sulfated compounds of epithelial origin were identified in the dog gastric mucosa by histochemical and autoradiographic (35SO4) technics. One is a sulfated glycoprotein produced by the surface epithelium and the other a chondroitin sulfate A- or C-like material occurring in chief cells and pyloric glands; both glycoprotein and acid mucopolysaccharide probably contribute to the sulfated fractions found chemically in dog gastric juice. A sialidase-susceptible mucin was found predominantly within superficial cells of the fundus and autrum, and this may be the source of the sialic acid found in the secretions. A strictly neutral glycoprotein was found in the mucous neck and parietal cells, perhaps indicating a relationship between these two cellular elements. In cells containing neutral and acidic mucins, the vicinal hydroxyl and anionic groups were judged to be in close proximity. Strong staining for basic protein was found in parietal cells and a less intense reaction in surface epithelium. Sulfur-containing amino acids were identified by direct and indirect technics in the surface epithelium.
Evaluation of quality parameters in gluten-free bread formulated with breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) flour

Flour from the fruit of breadfruit trees (Artocarpus altilis) holds the potential to serve as a wheat flour replacement in gluten-free product formulations. This study evaluated the impact of breadfruit flour and leavening agent on gluten-free bread quality. Breadfruit flour was first milled and characterized by the researchers prior to being used in this study. Experimental formulas were mixed with varying breadfruit flour inclusion (0%, 20%, 35%, and 50%) and leavening agent (yeast and baking powder). Quality parameters including density, specific volume, pH, water activity, color, and texture were assessed, and proximate analysis was performed to characterize the nutritional value of the bread. Significant differences ( ) were found in loaf density, specific volume, color (crust and ; crumb , , and ), pH, water activity, and crumb firmness. Additionally, a consumer sensory study was performed on the most well-liked formulations. Consumer testing yielded significant differences ( ) between the yeast-leavened control (0% breadfruit flour) and yeast-leavened breadfruit bread (20% breadfruit flour). Nonceliac consumers rated the breadfruit treatment as significantly less acceptable than the control for all sensory characteristics assessed. These results indicate that breadfruit flour can be used at ≤20%, when leavened with yeast, to produce quality gluten-free bread. Future studies should be conducted to assess the impact of breadfruit variety and milling practices on breadfruit flour properties before further attempts are made to investigate how breadfruit flour impacts the gluten-free bread quality.
Scan Performance of Four Horns Mono-pulse Antenna Improved by Multibeam Antenna

Improving scan performance of a mono-pulse antenna by using a multibeam antenna is presented. The 22.78°scan case with 53.33λdiameter aperture and a feed radiation pattern of cos0 has a 4 dB drop of peak gain.
Lifted Brownian Kriging Models

ABSTRACTGaussian processes have become a standard framework for modeling deterministic computer simulations and producing predictions of the response surface. This article investigates a new covariance function that is shown to offer superior prediction compared to the more common covariances for computer simulations of real physical systems. This is demonstrated via a gamut of realistic examples. A simple, closed-form expression for the covariance is derived as a limiting form of a Brownian-like covariance model as it is extended to some hypothetical higher-dimensional input domain, and so we term it a lifted Brownian covariance. This covariance has connections with the multiquadric kernel. Through analysis of the kriging model, this article offers some theoretical comparisons between the proposed covariance model and existing covariance models. The major emphasis of the theory is explaining why the proposed covariance is superior to its traditional counterparts for many computer simulations of real phys...
CHAPTER 2 – Operator Equations and the Decomposition Method

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the operator equations and the decomposition method. The coefficients of the differential equations may not only be space and time dependent but also random processes. The equations may be nonlinear. Modeling any real problem involves approximation. It must be attempted to retain essential factors while keeping within the bounds of mathematical tractability. In modeling a complex dynamical system, a sufficiently simplified abstraction or model must be sought; therefore, the behavior can be understood and analyzed while the analytical results still conform sufficiently to actual system behavior. Real nonlinear systems are sensitive to small changes in functions or in initial conditions. It is difficult or impossible in the modeling of a physical problem to determine functions or initial conditions with precision. In systems that involve stochastic parameters, usual analyses employ either perturbation or hierarchy methods, either of which means the fluctuations are assumed to be small. The chapter focuses on developing the ability to solve any general nonlinear stochastic dynamical system equations.