cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are the preferred directions of neurons in cat extrastriate cortex related to optic flow

It has been proposed that one area of extrastriate cortex in the cat, the lateral suprasylvian area (LS), plays an important role in visual analysis during locomotion (Rauschecker et al., 1987). Cells in LS reportedly tend to prefer directions along a trajectory originating at the center of gaze, and passing outward through the receptive-field center. Such directions coincide with the directions of image motion in an optic flow field, the pattern seen by locomoting observers when they fixate the point towards which they are heading (Gibson, 1950). We re-examined this issue for cells in LS with receptive fields in the lower visual field. Cells recorded posterior to Horsley-Clarke A2 showed a clear correlation between preferred direction and receptive-field location, but not that predicted: preferred directions were generally orthogonal to "optic flow" directions. Since these cells were all located posterior to those in studies showing a bias for "optic flow" directions, we hypothesized that there are two cell populations within LS, an anterior population that tends to prefer radial-outward directions, and a posterior population that tends to prefer directions orthogonal to radial. Data from earlier mapping experiments (Sherk & Mulligan, 1993) supported this idea.
Utilization of Supplemental Methionine Sources by Primary Cultures of Chick Hepatocytes

Utilization of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) as a substrate for protein synthesis was studied by using primary cultures of chick liver cells. Cultures were prepared by enzymatic dissociation of livers from week old Hubbard broiler chicks and were maintained for 4 days under nonproliferative conditions. Hepatocyte differentiation was verified by using dexamethasone induction of tyrosine aminotransferase activity. Conversion of (14C)HMB to L-methionine was shown by chromatographic analysis of hepatocyte protein hydrolysate and incorporation into protein was proven by cycloheximide inhibition of synthesis. When incorporation of HMB was compared to that of DL-methionine (DLM) equimolar quantities of the two sources were found in liver cell protein. These results support, at a cellular level, the conclusion that HMB and DLM are biochemically equivalent sources of methionine for protein synthesis.
The Composition Dependence of Self and Transport Diffusivities from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we determine the composition dependence of the self-diffusivity and transport diffusivity of a methane/ethane mixture at high pressure. The transport diffusivity is generated from the self-diffusivities using the Darken equation. We perform a careful analysis of the molecular dynamics simulations and show that it is possible to reproduce the results in the microcanonical, canonical, and isobaric–isothermal ensembles. We demonstrate that in order to capture the sensitive dependence of the diffusivities on composition, it is necessary to run simulations with larger systems and for longer durations than is typical. We report the trends in the diffusivities as a function of composition, temperature, pressure, and density. We modify an existing empirical correlation, which when combined with a corresponding states chart, is capable of quantitatively reproducing the simulated diffusivity dependence on composition, temperature, pressure, and density. Finally, we quantify the effect that the choice of equation of state (EOS) used to evaluate the thermodynamic factor in the Darken equation has on the transport diffusivity.
Bootstrap‐type confidence intervals for quantiles of the survival distribution

In this paper we outline and illustrate an easy to program method for analytically calculating both parametric and non-parametric bootstrap-type confidence intervals for quantiles of the survival distribution based on right censored data. This new approach allows for the incorporation of covariates within the framework of parametric models. The procedure is based upon the notion of fractional order statistics and is carried forth using a simple beta transformation of the estimated survival function (parametric or non-parametric). It is the only direct method currently available in the sense that all other methods are based on inverting test statistics or employing confidence intervals for other survival quantities. We illustrate that the new method has favourable coverage probabilities for median confidence intervals as compared to six other competing methods.
Arthroscopic Remplissage With Bankart Repair for the Treatment of Glenohumeral Instability With Hill-Sachs Defects

Purpose To determine whether arthroscopic remplissage with Bankart repair is an effective treatment strategy for patients with Bankart lesions and large Hill-Sachs defects. Methods Between 2006 and 2008, 20 patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and large Hill-Sachs defects. Preoperative imaging in all patients identified avulsion of the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament with an associated Hill-Sachs defect that involved greater than 25% of the humeral head. Patients were followed up postoperatively with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Penn Shoulder Score. Recurrent subluxation or dislocation was documented. Results There were 15 male patients and 5 female patients. The mean age of the patients was 27.3 years. The mean length of follow-up in this series was 29.2 months (range, 24.3 to 37.7 months). At final follow-up, 3 patients reported recurrence of instability, which spontaneously reduced in all cases. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 92.5 (pain, 47.3; function, 45.3). The mean Penn score was 90 of 100 (pain, 27.3 of 30; satisfaction, 8.5 of 10; function, 54.3 of 60). The mean total Western Ontario Shoulder Instability score was 72.74% (mean physical symptom score, 77.10%; mean sports and recreation score, 70.25%; mean lifestyle score, 75%; mean emotions score, 58.50%). Conclusions Using an all-arthroscopic remplissage technique with Bankart repair, we were able to restore function, diminish pain, and yield satisfaction in 85% of the patients in this study. Our results compare favorably with historic controls with similar pathology at early- to intermediate-term follow-up in terms of recurrence. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Self-Rated Cardiovascular Risk and 15-Year Cardiovascular Mortality

PURPOSE Many individuals perceive their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk to be lower than established clinical tools would estimate, yet little is known about the long-term consequences of holding such optimistic beliefs. We evaluated whether lower self-ratings of CVD risk are associated with lower rates of CVD death after addressing potential confounding by an extensive set of social and biologic CVD risk factors. METHODS We conducted a 15-year mortality surveillance study of adults aged 35 to 75 years from southeastern New England (n = 2,816) who had no history of myocardial infarction. Baseline evaluation in 1990-1992 included household interview, anthropomorphic measures, and laboratory analyses. Outcomes were obtained using the National Death Index records through December 2005. RESULTS Rating oneself to be at lower-than-average risk for one's age and sex was associated with lower rates of CVD mortality among men (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.3; 95% confi dence interval (CI), 0.2-0.7) but not among women (HR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.7). None of the following weakened the fi ndings among men: adjustment for baseline Framingham Risk Score, propensity score adjustment for both social and biologic factors, and censoring the fi rst 2 years of surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Lower self-ratings of CVD risk are independently associated with lower rates of CVD death among men.
Fast anomaly detection in SmartGrids via sparse approximation theory

The SmartGrid (SG) is a complex system connecting physical components (e.g., human, weather, power plants) and logical components (e.g., control algorithms, communication infrastructure, protocols). The large number of components and the interactions between the individual components induce an extremely intricate behavior of the overall system. Detecting anomalies in the behavior of the system requires a large number of observations and is unpractical. A novel learning and estimation framework to analyze stochastic processes over graphs associated with SG systems is proposed. The critical observation behind the proposed framework in that these systems induce an underlying sparse structure which enables dimension reduction via compressed sensing-like schemes. Numerical results show that the compression approach proposed herein reduces by orders of magnitude the number of observations required to detect an anomalous behavior of the SG.
Abstract 1025: Antitumor activity of nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a triple angiokinase inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in experimental pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with extremely poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (Gem), the standard of care agent over the past 15 years, has limited clinical benefits. There is an urgent requirement for novel therapeutic strategies to improve overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Angiogenesis, an essential process for tumor growth and metastasis, remains a sensible target for PDAC therapy. VEGF, PDGF, FGF and their receptors are all overexpressed and have been correlated with poor prognosis in human PDAC. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120, Nin) is a triple angiokinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR1/2/3, FGFR1/2/3 and PDGFRα/β signaling. Nintedanib is currently under clinical investigation for several solid tumors. The present study investigated the combination treatment benefits of gemcitabine and nintedanib in experimental PDAC. Cell proliferation, migration and protein expression were analyzed by WST-1 assay, wound healing assay and Western blotting. Tumor growth and animal survival experiments were performed in murine xenografts. Percent inhibition of cell proliferation in the Gem, Nin and Gem+Nin groups was 22%, 25% and 53% (AsPC-1 PDAC cells, Gem 50 nM, Nin 100 nM); 55%, 11% and 80% (endothelial cells HUVECs, Gem 100 nM, Nin 100 nM); 91%, 68% and 94% (fibroblast WI-38 cells, Gem 100 nM, Nin 100 nM). Nintedanib increased apoptosis, indicated by the cleavage of caspase-3 protein in all three cell-types tested. In PDAC cells, antitumor activity was accompanied by higher level of cell cycle inhibitor protein p27. Nintedanib (10 μM) inhibited in vitro wound closure by 84% in endothelial cells. In a heterotopic PDAC model, compared to the percent net local tumor growth in controls (100±29), a reduced growth of 60.8±10.5 (p=0.02) was observed in the Gem group, while a net reduction of -2.1±9.9 (p=0.0001) and -12.4±16.2 (p=0.0001) was observed in Nin and Gem+Nin groups, respectively. Compared with controls (16 days) in an AsPC-1 intraperitoneal model, median animal survival in Gem, Nin and Gem+Nin treatment groups was 25 days, 31 days and 38 days. The strong antitumor activity of nintedanib in experimental PDAC supports the potential of nintedanib-controlled mechanisms as targets for improved clinical PDAC therapy. Citation Format: Niranjan Awasthi, Stefan Hinz, Rolf A. Brekken, Margaret A. Schwarz, Roderich E. Schwarz. Antitumor activity of nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a triple angiokinase inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine in experimental pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1025. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1025
An usual approach to treatment of a case of multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis: parenteral and intraperitoneal aminoglycosides and parenteral colistin

Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are becoming more common and increasingly more difficult to treat due to the continued development of drug resistance. While sensitivity to colistin (polymyxin E) is well known, it is frequently avoided due to concerns of nephrotoxicity. Reported here is a case of a multi-drug resistance pseudomonal typhlitis, bacteremia and pleural cavity infection that required significant intensive care, and serial abdominal washouts. Intra-peritoneal tobramycin in combination with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics including colistin were used. Several instillations of tobramycin into the abdominal cavity along with concomitant IV administration of colistin, ceftazidime and tobramycin and per os colistin, tobramycin and nystatin resulted in the clearance of the pseudomonal infection without any evidence of toxicity from the treatment. Intra-abdominal tobramycin with parenteral colistin therapy can be used in complicated clinical settings with appropriate nephroprotection.
Analysis of PCO2 variations in the renal cortex. II. Countercurrent exchange

In an effort to explain the relatively high values of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) that have been measured in the superficial renal cortex of the rat, we developed a mathematical model based on the ...
Uncertainty and Sensitivity of Dispersion Model Results to Meteorological Inputs: Two Case Studies

Two case studies are presented to study the uncertainty and sensitivity of dispersion model results to meteorological inputs. Although the two case studies are distinctly different in terms of their scales and data availability, they are both common scenarios. The first case study mainly focuses on model sensitivity, and the second mainly focuses on model uncertainty.
Home Visitors' Perceptions of Structural Constraints, Family Resilience, and Adverse Childhood Experiences:

Scholars and practitioners interested in children, families, and health have documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict a range of adult outcomes. While ACEs research and practice emphasize community- and social-level factors, we explore whether daily practice using the ACEs framework within the home visitation model directs attention away from those broader social factors. Through community-based research partnered with a local agency, we document that home visitors using the ACEs framework combine daily practice at the individual and household level with strong attention to the broader social context the literature emphasizes. But we also document room for further reflective practice to reinforce that broader context, and the role that research partnerships between higher education and local organizations can play in that practice.
THE EFFECT OF SCIENTISTS TURNOVER ON THE DISRUPTION AND REVITALIZATION OF INNOVATION

This paper examines the effect of scientist turnover on innovation. Based on recent developments in the knowledge-based view, we argue that firms’ innovation contexts are differentially impacted by...
At the Bedside: Helicobacter pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer

Clinical trials performed in populations at high GC risk have demonstrated that eradication of Helicobacter pylori from the stomach with a course of combination antimicrobials helps prevent gastric carcinogenesis when they are administered before precancerous lesions have yet developed. In this review, we consider the insights into H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis that have been gained from these and many other clinical studies in the field to highlight priority areas for basic research and clinical investigation. Among these are defining the magnitude of the risk reduction that may be achieved in clinical practice and at a population level by H. pylori eradication and investigating when, during the slow multistep progression to GC, intervention will be of the most benefit. Additional strategies to prevent GC induced by H. pylori, including chemoprevention, dietary modification, and close endoscopic surveillance, may also have value in augmenting the risk reduction. Why only a small subpopulation of those infected by H. pylori go on to develop GC may be partially explained by genetic susceptibility related to SNPs in several genes regulating the intensity of the gastric inflammatory response to H. pylori. Investigation of the basic mechanisms underlying the promotion of GC by H. pylori and the associated inflammatory response will likely continue to improve clinical strategies for the prevention of one of the most common causes of cancer death globally. See related review, At the Bench: H. pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer.
Pain sensitivity as a correlate of clinical status in individuals with chronic low back pain.

Study design A cross-sectional study of baseline correlates of clinical pain and functional status in consecutive patients being treated for chronic low back pain. Objectives To determine if an individual's global pain sensitivity, measured by experimental pain threshold to pressure at various regions of the body, is associated with baseline measures of clinical pain and physical functioning. Summary of background data Previous studies have demonstrated that in individuals with chronic low back pain, clinical pain and functional status are significantly associated with demographic, structural, and psychosocial factors. However, a large portion of variance remains unexplained. Because pain sensitivity (tenderness) has been shown to occur as a continuum in the population, the authors sought to determine if such sensitivity might be associated with clinical status in chronic low back pain, beyond what is known regarding demographic, structural, and psychosocial factors. Methods Forty-five patients with chronic low back pain were assessed for a variety of demographic, structural, and psychosocial factors, which previously have been shown to contribute to clinical status. In addition, all patients underwent testing for pain tolerance and threshold at various areas of the body. Results Age, degree of structural abnormality observed on magnetic resonance imaging, and depressive symptoms were all significantly correlated with either clinical pain or functional status. Pain sensitivity, the target of this investigation, accounted for significant proportions of variance in functional status and pain, even after controlling for demographic, structural, and psychosocial variables. Conclusions These pilot data suggest that an individual's experimental pain threshold (a measure of tenderness) is associated with baseline functional status and pain in cases of chronic low back pain and may represent an important domain warranting further investigation.
Procedures nurses use to remove central venous catheters and complications they observe: a pilot study.

Background Removal of internal jugular and subclavian central venous catheters is a common nursing intervention. Venous air embolism is a serious complication of catheter removal. Although some procedures have been recommended to prevent venous air embolism, whether nurses use these procedures and what complications patients experience are unknown. Objectives The purposes of this pilot study were (1) to determine what procedures nurses use to remove internal jugular and subclavian central venous catheters, (2) to find out what complications patients are experiencing, (3) to find out if complications experienced are related to the procedures used, and (4) to develop a questionnaire about central venous catheters. Methods A descriptive and correlational design was used. The subjects were 29 nurses whose job description included removal of internal jugular and subclavian central venous catheters. Two questionnaires were used: a demographics questionnaire and the questionnaire about central venous catheters. Results Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the sample, to determine the percentage of nurses sampled who use the recommended procedures, and to describe the frequency of complications observed. The sample size was not sufficient for observed complications to be correlated with procedures. Conclusions None of the nurses sampled had venous air embolism diagnosed in their patients. They reported observing dyspnea, pain, bleeding from the insertion site, and arrhythmias. Many of the nurses reported that they did not always use all the recommended procedures; only 9 nurses (31%) reported always using all the recommended procedures.
Antioxidant activity of naringenin on various oxidants induced damages in ARPE-19 cells and HUVEC

AIM:To evaluate the antioxidant activity of naringenin in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). METHODS:MTT assay was used to measure the viability and proliferation of ARPE-19 cells and HUVEC. RESULTS:Three and 10mg/L naringenin significantly increased the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells by 10.8% and 11.4%,respectively.Ten mg/L naringenin increased hypoxia-,0.3mmol/L NaN3-,and 200μmol/L H2O2-induced damage of ARPE-19 cells by 55.2%,69.2%,and 50.3%,respectively.One mg/L naringenin increased the viability of 50μmol/L t-BHP-,and 30mg/L NaIO3-treated ARPE-19 cells by 20.2% and 30.4%,respectively.Thirty mg/L naringenin also increased the proliferation of 50μmol/L t-BHP-treated ARPE-19 cells by 32.2%,and 1mg/L naringenin increased the proliferation of 30,100 and 300 mg/L NaIO3-treated ARPE-19 cells by 30.3%,10.3% and 18.5%,respectively.The reduction of HUVEC was 23.9%,70.4% and 77.9% in the 3,10 and 30mg/L naringenin-treated groups,respectively.Furthermore,1 and 3mg/L naringenin increased hypoxia-induced damage in HUVEC by 10.7% and 13.1%,and 300mg/L NaIO3-induced damage in HUVEC by 41.2% and 37.7%.Three mg/L naringenin increased 200 and 400μmol/L H2O2-in-jured HUVEC by 20.1% and 21.5%,respectively. CONCLUSION:Naringenin increases the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells and inhibites the growth of HUVEC,and has potent antioxidant activity in ARPE-19 cells and HUVEC.
Effects of repealing the motorcycle helmet law in Michigan

Abstract Background In 2012, Michigan repealed its universal helmet law. Our study assessed the clinical impact of this repeal. Methods Our trauma database was queried retrospectively for 2 motorcycle riding seasons before and 3 seasons after repeal. On-scene death data was obtained from the Medical Examiner. Results Helmet use in hospitalized patients decreased after the helmet law repeal. Non-helmeted patients had a significant increased rate of head injury. Non-helmeted patients were more likely to die during hospitalization. While, helmet use and drugs/alcohol status significantly affected the risk for head injury, only drug/alcohol had a significant effect on overall mortality. Conclusions Following helmet law repeal, helmet use has decreased. Helmet status and drug/alcohol use was found to significantly increase risk of head injury. Although overall mortality was only affected by drug/alcohol use, non-helmeted patients did have a higher inpatient mortality. These findings deserve furthermore study and may provide a basis for reinstating the universal helmet law.
Soil microbes and their response to experimental warming over time: A meta-analysis of field studies

Numerous field studies have found changes in soil respiration and microbial abundance under experimental warming. Yet, it is uncertain whether the magnitude of these responses remains consistent over the long-term. We performed a meta-analysis on 25 field experiments to examine how warming effects on soil respiration, microbial biomass, and soil microbial C respond to the duration of warming. For each parameter, we hypothesized that effect sizes of warming would diminish as the duration of warming increased. In support of our hypothesis, warming initially increased soil respiration, but the magnitude of this effect declined significantly as warming progressed as evidenced by the two longest studies in our meta-analysis. In fact, after 10 years of warming, soil respiration in warmed treatments was similar to controls. In contrast, warming effect sizes for fungal biomass, bacterial biomass, and soil microbial C did not respond significantly to the duration of warming. Microbial acclimation, community shifts, adaptation, or reductions in labile C may have ameliorated warming effects on soil respiration in the long-term. Accordingly, long-term soil C losses might be smaller than those suggested by short-term warming studies.
Viral Cardiac Infections

Viral infections can affect the pediatric heart in a multitude of ways. The two most common viral cardiac processes are myocarditis and pericarditis. Numerous viruses have been implicated in these disease states. In addition to direct viral effects on the myocardium and pericardium, inflammatory mediators also play a role in these conditions. A high index of suspicion, thorough history and physical examination, along with directed laboratory testing, electrocardiography and echocardiography are necessary for the diagnosis and management of myocarditis and pericarditis. Occasionally, more advanced studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endomyocardial biopsy may be useful. Finally, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have a number of cardiac related effects. Children with HIV, require routine cardiac monitoring and counseling.
Current Trends in the Use of Bowel Preparation for Colorectal Surgery

This article reviews recent findings in the use of bowel preparation for preventing infectious complications after colorectal surgery. Whereas mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) was formerly used routinely in combination with prophylactic non-absorbable oral antibiotics (OAs) and prophylactic intravenous antibiotics, there was a trend toward omitting OAs in the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the mid-2000s, the use of MBP has declined given evidence of the limited role of MBP alone in preventing infectious complications. However, recent studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes after MBP when used in combination with OAs. Results from recent studies have prompted surgeons to reexamine the appropriate regimen for preoperative bowel preparation. The principal question that should now be addressed by future research is whether OAs alone reduce surgical infectious complications after colorectal surgery.
Intraocular Lymphoma: Intraocular lymphoma is the most elusive intraocular tumor to diagnose.

BackgroundPrimary ocular lymphoma is a distinct subtype of intraocular lymphoma. Its clinical presentation can mimic benign conditions. Diagnosis is often based on obtaining an intraocular biopsy. ...
Kinetic Competition between Charge Separation and Triplet Formation in Small-Molecule Photovoltaic Blends

Using transient absorption, time-resolved photoluminescence, and device measurements, we show that fullerene aggregation in small-molecule organic photovoltaic blends correlates with photocurrent enhancement due to kinetically avoided recombination to thermodynamically favored triplet states. We evaluate the electron donor chloroboron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) blended with a C60 fullerene electron acceptor. We show that photocurrent generation nearly doubles for SubPc:C60 blends with a higher C60 ratio (1:2 versus 1:1) and enhanced fullerene aggregation. Our spectroscopic results suggest that aggregation at the higher C60 loading ratio aids in sustaining the free charge population by inhibiting recombination to form SubPc triplets. By also examining blended SubPc:C60 films in which aggregation and charge transfer are disrupted by an inert matrix, we further highlight an additional energy transfer pathway for SubPc triplet formation facilitated by intersystem crossing centered on C60. This energy transfer ...
Respiratory muscle strength is significantly reduced and related to perceived disability in patients with low back pain

Introduction: Respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in patients with low back pain (LBP) has been a topic of recent investigation, but data comparing measured RMS to age-gender predicted values (AGPV) is limited in this population. Aim: To examine RMS and perceived disability (PD) in a LBP population with a wide range of PD and age seeking physical therapy for LBP. Methods: Thirty-one LBP patients (13 men, 18 women) underwent measurement of RMS via maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP, respectively) using ATS/ERS guidelines which were compared to AGPV (Harik-Khan 1998, Black & Hyatt 1969). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was administered using standard methods to determine PD. Results: The mean±SD age and ODI of men and women were 58±11 and 54±16 years and 32.7±19.7 and 38.1±15.3%, respectively. Although the mean measured MIP of men was slightly above AGPV (101 vs 97 cm H2O), 36% fell below AGPV. The mean measured MIP of women was significantly (p Conclusions: RMS of patients with LBP is reduced and may account for the PD of LBP. In men, greater MIP was associated with less PD. Further investigation of RMS and PD in patients with LBP is warranted.
Anthracycline Use for Early Stage Breast Cancer in the Modern Era: a Review.

Anthracycline-based regimens have been an important treatment component for patients with breast cancer. As demonstrated in the last Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) meta-analysis, anthracycline-based regimens decrease breast cancer mortality by 20–30%. Anthracycline toxicities include the rare—but potential morbid—cardiotoxicity or leukemogenic effect, and the almost universal—but very distressing—alopecia. Due to potential toxicities, and large number of patients being exposed, several worldwide trials have re-examined the role of anthracycline-based regimens in the management of breast cancer. Current literature supports that anthracyclines are not required for all patients with breast cancer and should be avoided in those with high cardiac risk. Recent results from the ABC trials suggest that anthracyclines should not be spared for patients with triple negative breast cancer (regardless of axillary node involvement) or HER2−/ER+ with significant node involvement. Based on current literature, for HER2-negative patients with low-risk breast cancer, anthracyclines could be spared with regimens such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC). Patients with intermediate or high-risk breast cancer should be considered for anthracycline-based regimens based on other factors such as age, comorbidities, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and genomic profiling. Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with low risk could be treated with paclitaxel and trastuzumab. For the remaining patients with HER2 overexpression, while docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (TCH) has demonstrated to improve disease-free survival (DFS), anthracycline-containing regimens should be discussed, especially for those with very high-risk breast cancer. Although several biomarkers, such as topoisomerase II (TOP2A) and chromosome 17 centromeric duplication (Ch17CEP) have been proposed to predict benefit from anthracycline regimens, further research is required to delineate their proper utility in the clinical setting.
Role of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Consultation and Liaison in Assisting Children and their Families in Dealing with Death

The development of the child’s conceptual understanding of death provides part of the basis for consultation-liaison work in pediatrics. The consultant’s role in relation to a child’s reaction to death is described, followed by an account of the consultant’s role in assisting in the specific care of a dying child and his or her family. The staff can also be helped to deal with their own reactions during the care of a dying child. Lastly, the consultant can help the school provide support to other children when a child or adolescent in the school has died.
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

It is commonly stated that ovarian malignancies are frequently asymptomatic; subjective complaints occur only after complications arise or, in the case of carcinoma, after dissemination is widespread. Therefore it is accepted that of all aspects of ovarian cancer the symptomatology is the least satisfactory. If there are no early symptoms of malignant ovarian tumors, this fact is partly responsible for the poor results achieved, because one of the important factors in prognosis in ovarian cancer is the extent of disease at the time of treatment. Specific symptoms depend on the size, location, and type of tumor, as well as on such complicating factors as torsion, hemorrhage, infection, or rupture. Among the germ cell or gonadal stromal tumors, symptoms may relate to the hormone secreted by the tumor.
Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a retrospective analysis from Washington University and meta-analysis of published data.

Abstract Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (s-ALL) is rare and poorly defined and data regarding outcomes post-transplant are lacking. Here, we report a detailed analysis of s-ALL at our Institution. Among 211 eligible patients with ALL from 2006 to 2017, 30 (14%) were defined as s-ALL and the remaining as primary ALL (p-ALL). s-ALL patients were older and had higher incidence of adverse risk factors. Overall response (OR) after induction was not different between s-ALL and p-ALL (79% versus 90% respectively, p = 0.106). S-ALL group had a higher risk of relapse (RFS) and death (RFS HR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.2–3.12, p = 0.007. OS HR: =1.95, 95% CI 1.18–3.23, p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the adverse effect of s-ALL on RFS and OS was no longer significant, however a pooled meta-analysis of our and published data indicated that s-ALL is an independent risk factor for lower OS (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52, p
Predicting Emergency Visits and Hospital Admissions During Radiation and Chemoradiation: An Internally Validated Pretreatment Machine Learning Algorithm.

PurposePatients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) may require emergency department evaluation or hospitalization. Early identification may direct preventative supportive care,...
Promoting justice for underserved groups in periurban parks: the potential of state-community partnerships

ABSTRACTThe documented under-representation of ethnoracial minority population in peri-urban parks can be considered an environmental justice issue. This exploratory qualitative study examined the ...
Comparing finite sequences of discrete events with non-uniform time intervals

Algorithms that quantify the similarity between two sequences of data date back to the mid 20th century. Sequence comparison continues to be active area of research in mathematics, statistics, and ...
Combined Precipitative and Colloidal Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

AbstractReverse osmosis experiments with synthetic feed waters were carried out to simulate combined fouling of salt-rejecting membranes by colloids and CaSO4 scale. Two gypsum crystallization regi...
Rapid Synthesis of a Pt1Ru1/Carbon Nanocomposite Using Microwave Irradiation: A DMFC Anode Catalyst of High Relative Performance

Thermal treatment of (η-C2H4)(Cl)Pt(μ-Cl)2Ru(Cl)(η3:η3-2,7-dimethyloctadienediyl) (1)/Vulcan carbon composites under appropriate oxidizing and reducing conditions using microwave dielectric loss heating affords PtRu/Vulcan carbon nanocomposites consisting of PtRu alloy nanoparticles highly dispersed on a powdered carbon support. Two such nanocomposites containing 16 or 50 wt % total metal and alloy nanoclusters of 3.4- or 5.4-nm average diameter are formed within only 100 or 300 s of total microwave heating. XRD and on-particle EDS analyses reveal that complex 1 serves as a reliable single-source molecular precursor for the formation of PtRu nanoparticles having a nearly 1:1 metal alloy stoichiometry. Preliminary measurements of the catalytic activity of these nanocomposites as supported direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) anode catalysts indicate that the 50 wt % nanocomposite has a performance superior to that of a 60 wt % commercial catalyst and a normalized performance equivalent to that of a proprietary...
The H-2K kml Mutation: A Single Nucleotide Substitution Causes Multiple Functional Differences in a Murine Class I MHC Molecule

The polymorphic MHC class I glycoproteins are implicated in a number of immunologic reactions involving T-cell recognition. Among these polymorphic molecules in the murine H-2 complex, a number of mutants have been identified. One of these mutants was mapped to the H-2K k allele in the CBA inbred mouse strain and resulted in graft rejection and graft versus host reactions. This mutant was designated H-2K kml and the mouse strain carrying it was designated CBA.M523 (1). Analysis of the structural variation in the H-2K kml molecule identified a single nucleotide substitution at codon 152, resulting in a change from Asp (GAT) in Kk to Ala (GCT) in K kml (2). This report documents the completion of the nucleotide sequence coding for the extracellular domains of the altered K kml and compares the known K k coding sequence from the AKR strain (3) to that of the CBA strain which is ancestral to the CBA.M523 mutant-bearing strain.
Role of paroxysmal depolarization in focal seizure activity.

We present mechanisms of ongoing focal seizures across meso- and macroscales of microelectrode array and standard clinical recordings, respectively. We find modeling, experimental, and clinical evi...
Biomechanics of Gymnastics

This chapter introduces and reviews key concepts and terminology of biomechanics for gymnastics relative to pathomechanics of gymnastics injury. Critical concepts include kinematics and kinetics, tissue loading, and an introduction to the biomechanics that make gymnasts unique patients. While an exhaustive review of all aspects of biomechanics is unrealistic in a single chapter, the content herein will better inform the practitioner for critical assessment of gymnastics performance biomechanics as well as provide a base upon which to better explore the growing body of biomechanics literature for enhanced practice of evidence-based medicine.
Efficiently Learning a Robust Self-Driving Model with Neuron Coverage Aware Adaptive Filter Reuse

Human drivers learn driving skills from both regular (non-accidental) and accidental driving experiences, while most of current self-driving research focuses on regular driving only. We argue that learning from accidental driving data is necessary for robustly modeling driving behavior. A main challenge, however, is how accident data can be effectively used together with regular data to learn vehicle motion, since manually labeling accident data without expertise is significantly difficult. Our proposed solution for robust vehicle motion learning, in this paper, is to integrate layer-level discriminability and neuron coverage(neuron-level robustness) regulariziers into an unsupervised generative network for video prediction. Layer-level discriminability increases divergence of feature distribution between the regular data and accident data at network layers. Neuron coverage regulariziers enlarge interval span of neuron activation adopted by training samples, to reduce probability that a sample falls into untested interval regions. To accelerate training process, we propose adaptive filter reuse based on neuron coverage. Our strategies of filter reuse reduce structural network parameters, encourage memory reuse, and guarantee effectiveness of robust vehicle motion learning. Experiments results show that our model improves the inference accuracy by 1.1% compared to FCMLSTM, and cut down 10.2% training time over the traditional method with negligible accuracy loss.
High resolution single particle Cryo-EM refinement using JSPR

JSPR is a single particle cryo-EM image processing and 3D reconstruction software developed in the Jiang laboratory at Purdue University. It began as a few refinement scripts for symmetric and asymmetric reconstructions of icosahedral viruses, but has grown into a comprehensive suite of tools for building ab initio reconstructions, high resolution refinements of viruses, protein complexes of arbitrary symmetries including helical tubes/filaments, and image file handling utilities. In this review, we will present examples achieved using JSPR and demonstrate recently implemented features of JSPR such as multi-aberration "alignments" and automatic optimization of masking for the assessment of map resolution using "true" FSC.
Social Determinants of Delayed Gratification Among American Children

Background A wide array of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators tend to show differential effects for members of diverse social groups. Limited knowledge exists on ethnic variation in the effects of family income on delay discounting which is predictor of risk behaviors. Objectives This study tested whether the effect of family income on delayed gratification differs between Latino and non-Latino children. Methods and materials In this cross-sectional analytical study, data came from wave one of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study which included 3903 non-Latino or Latino Black or White American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The predictor was family income. Data were collected in 21 sits in the US in 2018. The outcome was children's delay discounting. We measured delay discounting, which reflected individuals' tendency to assign less value to remote outcomes and rewards (inversely correlated with delayed gratification). Using SPSS 22.0, linear regression was used for data analysis. Results According to our pooled sample regression, higher family income was associated with lower children delay discounting (Beta= -0.05, p = .021). We found a significant interaction between family income and ethnicity, suggesting that the association between family income and delay discounting is stronger for Latino than non-Latino children (Beta= -0.09, p = .043). Conclusions Not all ethnic disparities are due to SES gaps; differential returns of socioeconomic status indicators, such as family income, across diverse social groups also contribute to ethnic disparities in health.
Liking the long-shot … but just as a friend

I modify the skewed lottery task introduced by Grossman and Eckel (Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 51(3), 2015) to eliminate the effects of loss aversion as a potentially confounding explanation for the strong preference for skewed lotteries and increase in risk taking that they observe when skew increases. I also test for framing effects by reversing the order of the task. Like previous studies, a majority of subjects prefer skewed lotteries relative to those with no skew, but this preference is dampened when loss aversion is eliminated as a confound and the order of the task is reverse. More importantly, introducing skew is unlikely to cause an increase in risk taking in this task.
Not All Procedural Learning Tasks Are Difficult for Adults With Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose The experiment reported here compared two hypotheses for the poor statistical and artificial grammar learning often seen in children and adults with developmental language disorder (DLD; al...
Comparison of elliptical unwrapping and frontal projection for off-angle iris normalization

Iris recognition is one of the most accurate biometric recognition techniques, however off-angle iris recognition has yet to have an established comprehensive recognition framework. This is due to the difficulties in the recognition of off-angle iris image inconsistencies within the iris patterns when gaze deviations are present. In this work, we investigate different iris normalization techniques and compare their performance. The two methods under investigation include elliptical normalization and circular normalization after frontal projection of off-angle iris recognition. Elliptical normalization samples the iris texture using elliptical segmentation parameters: 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 , θ where 𝑥, 𝑦 are coordinates, 𝑟1, 𝑟2 are the radius, and θ is the orientation. Also, when investigating circular unwrapping, we will be using the ellipse segmentation parameters to estimate the gaze deviation. The image will be projected back to a frontal view using perspective transformation. Then, we segment the transformed image and normalize using the circular parameters: 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑟 where 𝑥, 𝑦 are coordinates and r is the radius. We further investigate if: (i) elliptical normalization or circular unwrapping recognition performance is higher, and (ii) if the two segmentation methods in circular unwrapping increase the recognition efficiency
Performance-based Fault Mitigation in Sampled-Data Process Systems with Sensor Faults and Measurement Delays

Abstract The objective of this work is to provide systematic tools for the analysis and mitigation of sensor faults in sampled-data processes with discretely-sampled and delayed state measurements. The emphasis is on determining the effects of varying process and controller parameters, including faults, sampling period, delay, plant-model mismatch and controller gain, on the stability and performance characteristics of the closed-loop system, and providing insight into how these effects can be counteracted through the use of active fault accommodation measures. The developed insights and methods are applied to a representative chemical process system with sampled and delayed state measurements. The stability of the closed-loop system is first characterized as a function of the sampling rate, the measurement delay, the fault magnitude, the fault accommodation measures, and the plant-model mismatch. The faults assessed have the form of diminished or hyperactive measurements of the system states. As a primary accommodation measure for these faults, the location of the closed-loop poles are adjusted to achieve stability during faulty operation. A performance metric that captures the closed-loop system’s disturbance recovery behavior is chosen and parameterized in the same manner as the stability of the system, and is used to inform the fault accommodation decision-making process further. The explicit characterization of the stability and performance regions offer insight into the operational robustness and ranges of tolerable sensor faults that can be accommodated; and these are discussed with some simulation results for context.
Disentangled Variational Information Bottleneck for Multiview Representation Learning.

Multiview data contain information from multiple modalities and have potentials to provide more comprehensive features for diverse machine learning tasks. A fundamental question in multiview analysis is what is the additional information brought by additional views and can quantitatively identify this additional information. In this work, we try to tackle this challenge by decomposing the entangled multiview features into shared latent representations that are common across all views and private representations that are specific to each single view. We formulate this feature disentanglement in the framework of information bottleneck and propose disentangled variational information bottleneck (DVIB). DVIB explicitly defines the properties of shared and private representations using constrains from mutual information. By deriving variational upper and lower bounds of mutual information terms, representations are efficiently optimized. We demonstrate the shared and private representations learned by DVIB well preserve the common labels shared between two views and unique labels corresponding to each single view, respectively. DVIB also shows comparable performance in classification task on images with corruptions. DVIB implementation is available at this https URL.