cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linear Equations with Parameters

In this chapter, we describe some basic results on the solution of linear equations containing parameters, and the nature of the parameterized solutions.
Injury risks of EMS responders: evidence from the National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System

Objectives We analysed near-miss and injury events reported to the National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System (NFFNMRS) to investigate the workplace hazards and safety concerns of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders in the USA. Methods We reviewed 769 ‘non-fire emergency event’ reports from the NFFNMRS using a mixed methods approach. We identified 185 emergency medical calls and analysed their narrative text fields. We assigned Mechanism of Near-Miss/Injury and Nature of Injury codes and then tabulated frequencies (quantitative). We coded major themes regarding work hazards and safety concerns reported by the EMS responders (qualitative). Results Of the 185 emergency medical calls, the most commonly identified Mechanisms of Near-Miss/Injury to EMS responders was Assaults, followed by Struck-by Motor Vehicle, and Motor Vehicle Collision. The most commonly identified weapon used in an assault was a firearm. We identified 5 major domains of workplace hazards and safety concerns: Assaults by Patients, Risks from Motor Vehicles, Personal Protective Equipment, Relationships between Emergency Responders, and Policies, Procedures and Practices. Conclusions Narrative text from the NFFNMRS is a rich source of data that can be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to provide insight into near-misses and injuries sustained by EMS responders. Near-miss reporting systems are critical components for occupational hazard surveillance.
UCC Section Captions

Section 1-107 of the UCC provides that "Section captions are part of the UCC." This article explains the significance of that provision and how it has been applied in the case law.
Silfverskiöld’s Test in Total Ankle Replacement With Gastrocnemius Recession

Background:For patients undergoing primary total ankle replacement (TAR) with an equinus contracture, gastrocnemius recession may be performed to increase dorsiflexion. We examined whether gastrocn...
Effect of Rothia mucilaginosa enzymes on gliadin (gluten) structure, deamidation, and immunogenic epitopes relevant to celiac disease

Rothia mucilaginosa, a natural microbial inhabitant of the oral cavity, cleaves gluten (gliadin) proteins at regions that are resistant to degradation by mammalian enzymes. The aim of this study wa...
Benchmarking as a performance management tool: experiences among municipalities in North Carolina

Benchmarking takes three distinct forms in the public sector, each serving a different purpose. When applied properly and with care, benchmarking is a performance improvement technique that can yield tangible results, as demonstrated by the North Carolina cities of Greensboro, Wilmington, and Winston-Salem.
Water-soluble BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for mitochondrial imaging(Conference Presentation)

A new mitochondrial targeting fluorescent probe is designed, synthesized, characterized, and investigated. The probe is composed of three moieties, a BODIPY platform working as the fluorophore, two triphenylphosphonium (TPP) groups serving as mitochondrial targeting moiety, and two long highly hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to increase its water solubility and reduce its cytotoxicity. As a mitochondria-selective fluorescent probe, the probe exhibits a series of desirable advantages compared with other reported fluorescent mitochondrial probes. It is readily soluble in aqueous media and emits very strong fluorescence. Photophysical determination experiments show that the photophysical properties of the probe are independent of solvent polarity and it has high quantum yield in various solvents examined. The probe also has good photostability and pH insensitivity over a broad pH range. Results obtained from cell viability tests indicate that the cytotoxicity of the probe is very low. Confocal fluorescence microscopy colocalization experiments reveal that this probe possesses excellent mitochondrial targeting ability and it is suitable for imaging mitochondria in living cells.
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE AMOUNT OF AIR BORNE SAND OVER THE LAND

Using visible channels of NOAA satellites,the authors developed a new method to estimate the amount of airborne sand over the arid area in northern China.Due to the great difference in reflectance on the land,it is rather difficult to directly retrieve the dust storm from the visible radiance obtained from the satellite.Considering that the change of the land reflectance is very small during a short time in a fixed place,we can make a comparison between the radiance of the clear sky and that of the dust sky.In this way,we can estimate the optical depth of the dust storm over the land.Test results indicate that,during the dust storm on April 16,2002,the optical depth of dust storm and the airborne sand amount calculated by this method were in agreement with the trend of the synchronous TSP observation.
Pregnancy and azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus

Five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were receiving long-term azathioprine treatment (2.5 mg. per kilogram per day) at the time of conception. In two patients, azathioprine was discontinued prior to the twelfth week of pregnancy and they both aborted. Three patients who continued azathioprine throughout the pregnancy delivered four normal-but small-babies. Karyotype examinations, intelligence testing, and specific neurologic evaluation for the commoner forms of malformation have shown no abnormalities in any of the four babies at birth or at one-year intervals thereafter. It appears that azathioprine in our patients had no teratogenic effect.
The Union Militant: Roots of Union Activism

In beginning this analysis of CGT and CFDT militants I make an explicit assumption: to paraphrase F. Scott Fitzgerald’s famous saying about the rich, French union militants are different from the mass of workers and union rank-and-file members. They are different primarily in that they spend many hours in organisational activities that often will block, if not harm, their advancement as workers. Militants pass much of that time confronting management with workers’ problems and complaints. They do so reimbursed only for a specified number of work hours lost, and in many instances work beyond their ‘delegated’ hours, receiving no compensation at all. Theirs is not a life of glory, praise and comfort. What motivates them?
Malignant Hyperthermia: Treatment and Aftercare

Summary Malignant hypertension is a hypermetabolic event that can be triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by anesthesia. It has occurred in newborns and in the elderly.86,111 With constant vigilance, it can be treated adequately with a successful outcome. However, if neglected, undiagnosed, or mistreated, it can lead to disastrous consequences. Recent advances in understanding the genetic defect may provide the much needed insight into this most puzzling, and potentially fatal, clinical syndrome.
Maternal Smoking and Newborn Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels.

Introduction Prenatal smoking exposure may lead to permanent changes in neonatal inflammation and immune response that have lifelong implications, including increased risks for atopy and respiratory disorders. Methods The effect of maternal smoking on neonatal biomarkers of inflammation and immune response was assessed among 3459 singletons and twins in the Upstate KIDS Study. The following inflammatory biomarkers were measured using newborn dried blood spots (DBSs): interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Immunoglobulins (IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses) were also assessed. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate mean differences (β) in biomarker levels by timing of pregnancy smoking, cigarette load, and secondhand smoke exposure after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors including maternal body mass index. Results Of the 344 (12%) women reporting smoking during pregnancy, about 40% continued throughout pregnancy and 13% reported smoking more than 1 pack per day. After covariate adjustment and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, maternal smoking throughout pregnancy remained significantly associated with increased levels of IL-8 (β = 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.32; p < .003). No significant associations were found with cigarette load or secondhand smoke exposure. Higher IgG3 levels were also associated with maternal smoking throughout pregnancy, although the association became nominally significant after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.0007, 0.17; p < .05). Conclusions Maternal smoking throughout pregnancy was independently associated with increased IL-8 levels in newborns. Importantly, neonates of women who stopped smoking anytime in pregnancy did not have increased IL-8 levels. Implications This study evaluated a range of inflammatory biomarkers and immunoglobulins in association with maternal smoking and timing/duration of smoking along with secondhand smoke exposure. By using DBSs, we present data from a large cohort of children born in Upstate New York. Our findings suggest that early differences in immunoregulation of neonates exposed to maternal smoking for full duration in utero may already be detected at birth.
Right Heart Failure

The right heart is distinct from the left heart in multiple ways, starting with its embryological origin to its vascular supply, molecular regulation, innervation, architectural structure, and function. It also differs from the left heart in its response to stress, injury, and disease. This chapter details the unique nature of the right heart including its adaptations when responding to normal and pathological states—with the ability to adapt to differential loads, structural changes, injury, and disease. Included are descriptions on how specific diseases affect the right heart. Pulmonary hypertension, for example, is the most common cause of right ventricular failure. Myocardial infarction, genetic disease, and carcinoid can also promote right heart failure. Developing patient registries and using imaging technologies and molecular analyses will provide a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and, ultimately, help guide new therapies to address right heart failure. These therapies are an area of intense interest.
Pneumoperitoneum after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography due to Rupture of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts and Glisson's Capsule in Hepatic Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been proven to be a safe and effective method for diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disorders. Major complications of ERCP include pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, and duodenal perforation. We report a third case in literature of pneumoperitoneum after ERCP due to rupture of intrahepatic bile ducts and Glisson's capsule in a peripheral hepatic lesion. Case report A 50-year-old male with a history of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and who had a partially covered metallic stent placed in the biliary tree 1 year ago presented to the oncology clinic with fatigue, abdominal pain, and hypotension. He was planned for ERCP for possible cholangitis secondary to obstructed previously placed biliary stent. However, the duodenoscope could not be advanced to the level of the major papilla because of narrowed pylorus and severely strictured duodenal sweep. Forward-view gastroscope was then passed with careful manipulation to the severely narrowed second part of the duodenum where the previously placed metallic stent was visualized. Balloon sweeping of stenting was done. Cholangiography did not show any leak. Following the procedure, the patient underwent CT scan of the abdomen that showed pneumoperitoneum which was communicating with pneumobilia through a loculated air collection in necrotic hepatic metastasis perforating Glisson's capsule. The patient was managed conservatively. Conclusion In our case, pneumoperitoneum resulted from rupture of intrahepatic bile ducts and Glisson's capsule in hepatic metastasis. This case emphasizes the need for close clinical and radiological observation of patients with hepatic masses (primary or metastatic) subjected to ERCP.
Student Pharmacists' Personal Finance Perceptions, Projected Indebtedness Upon Graduation, and Career Decision-making.

Objective. To evaluate the extent to which Doctor of Pharmacy students’ personal finance perceptions, projected student loan indebtedness, and demographic characteristics predict postgraduation car...
Communication between Spanish-Speaking Mothers and Their Children with Hearing Loss Who Use ASL.

Only 15% of children with hearing loss who could receive a cochlear implant receive one leaving American Sign Language (ASL) as their access to communication. Spanish-speaking families face even gr...
Demographic, Clinical, and Functional Characteristics of Youth Enrolled in Six California Systems of Care

We describe the demographic, functional, and clinical status of children served across six California counties implementing a longstanding integrated system of care approach called the California System of Care Model. The children enrolled in the care systems are an ethnically diverse group of predominantly pre-adolescent and adolescent males. The level of functional impairment and degree of symptomatology is high. Seventy to 80% of the youth were in the clinical or borderline clinical ranges as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Scores on the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale, provided by the treating clinician, indicated that up to 94% of the youth were in the moderate to severe levels of impairment. Children and adolescents rated themselves on the Youth Self Report as having lower levels of impairment than did parents. Caregivers and youth ratings emphasized externalizing rather than internalizing problems. Clinician ratings as captured by the CAFAS and the clinical diagnoses, presented a mix between internalizing and externalizing diagnoses and functional impairment areas. The six counties are serving children who have levels of impairment, similar to, or higher than, youth enrolled in other systems of care nationwide.
Ethical Considerations in Land Use Law Blowing in the Wind

This paper focuses on current legal issues in ethical considerations in land use planning and zoning decision making with a particular emphasis on a new code of ethics for wind farm development recently announced by the New York Attorney General.
Differences in laryngeal neurotrophic factor gene expression after recurrent laryngeal nerve and vagus nerve injuries.

OBJECTIVES Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and vagus nerve (VN) injuries characteristically are followed by differing degrees of spontaneous reinnervation, yet laryngeal muscle neurotrophic factor (NF) expression profiles after RLN and VN injuries have not been well elucidated. This study's objective was to determine the relative changes in gene expression of 5 well-characterized NFs from laryngeal muscle after RLN or VN injuries in a time-dependent fashion, and demonstrate how these changes correspond with electromyography-assessed innervation status. METHODS Thirty-six male rats underwent left RLN transection (12 rats), left VN transection (12 rats), or a sham procedure (12 rats). The primary outcomes included electromyographic assessment and laryngeal muscle NF expression quantification with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at 3 days and at 1 month. RESULTS Electromyography at 3 days demonstrated electrical silence in the VN injury group, normal activity in the sham group, and nascent units with decreased recruitment in the RLN injury group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that changes in NF gene expression from laryngeal muscles varied depending on the type of nerve injury (RLN or VN) and the specific laryngeal muscle (posterior cricoarytenoid or adductor) assessed. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal muscle NF expression profiles after cranial nerve X injury depend both upon the level of nerve injury and upon the muscles involved.
Berlioz’s Programme and Proust’s Sonate: Parallel Quests to Bridge the Gaps in Musico-Literary Expression

Working within the increasingly ambiguous boundaries of disciplines addressed by the field of Comparative Literature, I have become quite interested in bridging the interdisciplinary gap between music and literature, particularly in France in the nineteenth century, and in understanding the role of voice and narrative as expressive elements of both literature and music. In this paper I would like to examine examples of musico-literary expression from two artists who, in my mind, are hard to “categorize” as either simply artist or musician — specifically because of their chosen, quite interdisciplinary, forms of artistic expression. These two artists are Hector Berlioz, primarily known today for his Symphonie fantastique, and Marcel Proust, primarily known for his cup of tea and madeleine cookies; both represent noteworthy examples of musico-literary experimentation that highlight and problematize the very distinctive boundaries traditionally constructed between the fields of music and literature.
Maternal Cannabis Use During a Child's Lifetime Associated With Earlier Initiation.

Introduction Earlier cannabis initiation is associated with more severe neuropsychiatric and social consequences. The authors investigated whether mothers’ cannabis use is associated with earlier cannabis initiation by their children. Methods Mother and child data were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (1980–1998 waves) and Child and Young Adults (1988–2014 waves) cohorts, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the effect of maternal cannabis use prior to a child's adolescence on the child's risk of subsequent cannabis initiation. Models were stratified by race and child's age category (6–16, 17–24, ≥25 years). Adjusted analyses controlled for sociodemographic variables. Analyses were conducted in 2017. Results Median age of cannabis initiation for children of maternal ever users was age 16years compared with age 18years among children of maternal never users. Children of 1-year and multiple-year users were at increased risk of cannabis initiation between ages 6 and 16years (hazard ratio=1.38, p Conclusions As cannabis legalization expands across the U.S., adult use may become increasingly normative. This study indicates that maternal cannabis use may be a risk factor for early initiation among their offspring. Preventive interventions should consider strategies to delay initiation among children of cannabis users.
Parameter sensitivity of cantilever beam with tip mass to parametric excitation

The sensitivity of the response of a parametrically excited cantilever beam with a tip mass to small variations in elasticity (stiffness) and the tip mass is performed. The governing equation of the first mode is derived, and method of multiple scales is used to determine the approximate solution based on the order of the expected variations. We demonstrate that the system can be designed so that small variations in either stiffness or tip mass can alter the type of bifurcation. Notably, we show that the response of a system designed for a supercritical bifurcation can change to yield a subcritical bifurcation with small variations in the parameters. Although such a trend is usually undesired, we argue that it can be used to detect small variations induced by fatigue or small mass depositions in sensing applications.
Bandgap of cubic ZnS1-xOx from optical transmission spectroscopy

ZnS1-xOx is a highly mismatched semiconductor alloy with potential light-emitting and solar-cell applications. In this work, optical transmission spectroscopy and a modified derivative method were employed to determine the room-temperature bandgap of cubic (zinc blende) ZnS1-xOx from x = 0.01 to 0.3. The bandgap drops steeply for dilute oxygen concentrations, followed by a more gradual decrease for x > 0.05. This nonlinear behavior is attributed to a transition from isolated oxygen impurities to pairs and larger clusters. Alloying with x = 0.3 causes bandgap to drop from 3.7 to 3.1 eV. Previous work showed that the bandgap of wurtzite ZnS1-xOx shifts from 3.7 to 2.8 eV over the same composition range.ZnS1-xOx is a highly mismatched semiconductor alloy with potential light-emitting and solar-cell applications. In this work, optical transmission spectroscopy and a modified derivative method were employed to determine the room-temperature bandgap of cubic (zinc blende) ZnS1-xOx from x = 0.01 to 0.3. The bandgap drops steeply for dilute oxygen concentrations, followed by a more gradual decrease for x > 0.05. This nonlinear behavior is attributed to a transition from isolated oxygen impurities to pairs and larger clusters. Alloying with x = 0.3 causes bandgap to drop from 3.7 to 3.1 eV. Previous work showed that the bandgap of wurtzite ZnS1-xOx shifts from 3.7 to 2.8 eV over the same composition range.
Reduced cadherin expression associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm.

Background Better understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is needed to improve management of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Here we analyzed resistance of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, which is used widely in transgenic Bt cotton. Field-evolved practical resistance of pink bollworm to Cry1Ac is widespread in India, but not in China or the United States. Previous work with laboratory- and field-selected pink bollworm indicated that resistance to Cry1Ac is caused by changes in the amino acid sequence of a midgut cadherin protein (PgCad1) that binds Cry1Ac in susceptible larvae. Results Relative to a susceptible strain, the laboratory-selected APHIS-R strain had 530-fold resistance to Cry1Ac with autosomal recessive inheritance. Unlike previous results, resistance in this strain was not consistently associated with insertions or deletions in the expected amino acid sequence of PgCad1. However, this resistance was associated with 79- to 190-fold reduced transcription of the PgCad1 gene and markedly lower abundance of PgCad1 protein. Conclusion The ability of pink bollworm and other major pests to evolve resistance to Bt toxins via both qualitative and quantitative changes in receptor proteins demonstrates their remarkable adaptability and presents challenges for monitoring and managing resistance to Bt crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Local-level, place-based scholarships: a review of the literature

ABSTRACTLocal-level, place-based scholarships – synonymous with “promise” scholarships – are a policy strategy to improve college completion in the United States by directing financial aid to stude...
Lagrangian dynamic mode decomposition for construction of reduced-order models of advection-dominated phenomena

Abstract Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are two complementary singular-value decomposition (SVD) techniques that are widely used to construct reduced-order models (ROMs) in a variety of fields of science and engineering. Despite their popularity, both DMD and POD struggle to formulate accurate ROMs for advection-dominated problems because of the nature of SVD-based methods. We investigate this shortcoming of conventional POD and DMD methods formulated within the Eulerian framework. Then we propose a Lagrangian-based DMD method to overcome this so-called translational problem. Our approach is consistent with the spirit of physics-aware DMD since it accounts for the evolution of characteristic lines. Several numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed Lagrangian DMD method.
Varieties of Urbanism: A Comparative View of Inequality and the Dual Dimensions of Metropolitan Fragmentation

A large literature on urban politics documents the connection between metropolitan fragmentation and inequality. This article situates the United States comparatively to explore the structural feat...
Molecular Pathogenesis of Cerebral Aneurysms: Current Concepts and Future Directions

Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) are pathological dilations of cerebral arteries, most commonly seen at points of bifurcation in the major arteries forming the circle of Willis at the base of the brain. CAs are relatively common with a prevalence estimated to be as high as 6% in autopsy specimens [1,2]. Each year in the U.S., more than 30,000 people experience a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from the rupture of such an aneurysm. Unfortunately, 50% of these patients will die either at the moment of rupture or shortly thereafter. Another 25% will suffer devastating neurological complications resulting in loss of motor or cognitive function with consequent institutionalization and with enormous costs to the individual as well as to the system that has to care for a chronic patient. Finally, even the remaining 25% will experience protracted hospitalization and some degree of cognitive or neurological impairment. In contrast, operative repair of an unruptured CA has a mortality of less than 2.5% and morbidity of less then 6% [3].
Reflective Parking Lots for Microscale Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Paved surfaces, especially parking lots, occupy a significant proportion of the horizontal surface area in cities. The low albedo of many of these parking lots contribute to the urban heat island (...
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

The crowning achievement of the many published papers and books that William Nordhaus has published on climate change is the development of a simple Integrated Assessment Model of climate change. E...
Regional structural-functional connectome coupling is heritable and associated with age, sex and cognition in adults

Large scale white matter brain connections quantified via the structural connectome (SC) act as the backbone for the flow of functional activation, which can be represented via the functional connectome (FC). Many studies have used statistical analysis or computational modeling techniques to relate SC and FC at a global, whole-brain level. However, relatively few studies have investigated the relationship between individual cortical and subcortical regions9 structural and functional connectivity profiles, here called SC-FC coupling, or how this SC-FC coupling may be heritable or related to age, sex and cognitive abilities. Here, we quantify regional SC-FC coupling in a large group of healthy young adults (22 to 37 years) using diffusion-weighted MRI and resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. We find that while regional SC-FC coupling strengths vary widely across cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions, they were strongest in highly structurally connected visual and subcortical areas. Additionally, depending on the region, SC-FC coupling varied across sexes and with age and composite cognitive scores. Specifically, SC-FC coupling in the cerebellum tended to decrease with age while coupling in medial fronto-orbital areas tended to increase with age. Males had stronger coupling in many regions, particularly in the right orbito-frontal region and areas in the ventral attention and default mode networks, while females had higher coupling strength in right hippocampus. Furthermore, increased SC-FC coupling in the right insula and decreased coupling in bilateral middle cingulate and supplementary motor areas was associated with higher composite cognitive scores. Finally, we found SC-FC coupling to be highly heritable, particularly in higher order default mode, dorsal/ventral attention and fronto-parietal networks. Taken together, these results suggest regional structure-function coupling in young adults varies with age, is generally stronger in males, is associated with composite cognitive scores and is highly heritable.
A Clinician's Guide to Polycultural Psychiatry.

ABSTRACT Patients and families each present unique microcultures, mixing and blending numerous broadly conceptualized cultural identity groups. Within individuals and families, cultural identities are experienced and enacted as complex matrices of intersecting identities that, to varying degrees, complement, assimilate, accommodate, or clash. In these patterns, individuals' relationships to cultures are not necessarily categorically distinct ("multicultural"). Instead, they are often "polycultural," defined as partial and plural; rather than interpreting different cultural traditions as separate and independent, they are, within the lives of individuals and families, better understood as systems that interact with and influence one another.Cultural identity groups extend beyond those traditionally considered by transcultural psychiatry-that is, beyond ethnic, racial, and language groups. They encompass (in alphabetical order) educational, ethnic, extended family, gender-oriented, generational, geographic, language and dialect, organizational, physical or psychiatric disability, political, professional, racial, religious, sect, social class, and vocational identity groups, among others. Simplistic assumptions and generalities about identity groups risk cultural stereotyping that may negatively bias clinical assessments. Therefore, practitioners striving for cultural sensitivity need to adopt nuanced strategies for approaching broad polycultural identity questions in clinical practice. Accordingly, this article suggests frameworks and strategies for (1) assessing and confronting one's own cultural preconceptions and prejudices, and (2) developing etic (objective quantitative data) and emic (insiders' experiential worldviews) perspectives pertinent to clinical anthropathology. Both etic and emic perspectives are necessary for polyculturally nuanced, respectful, comprehensive inquiries pertinent to patients' and family's health beliefs, psychiatric difficulties, and health practices. Supplementary material from the DSM-5 section on cultural formulation is adapted and discussed, along with the implications of polycultural psychiatry for education and training in psychiatry.
Synthesis of a High Affinity Complementary Peptide–Polymer Nanoparticle (NP) Pair Using Phage Display

Peptide–polymer complementary pairs can provide useful tools for isolating, organizing, and separating biomacromolecules. We describe a procedure for selecting a high affinity complementary peptide...
Understanding Simpson's Paradox

Simpson's paradox is often presented as a compelling demonstration of why we need statistics education in our schools. It is a reminder of how easy it is to fall into a web of paradoxical conclusions when relying solely on intuition, unaided by rigorous statistical methods. In recent years, ironically, the paradox assumed an added dimension when educators began using it to demonstrate the limits of statistical methods, and why causal, rather than statistical considerations are necessary to avoid those paradoxical conclusions (Arah, 2008; Pearl, 2009, pp. 173-182; Wasserman, 2004). My comments are divided into two parts. First, I will give a brief summary of the history of Simpson's paradox and how it has been treated in the statistical literature in the past century. Next I will ask what is required to declare the paradox "resolved," and argue that modern understanding of causal inference has met those requirements.
Microbiota or placebo after antimicrobial therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile at home: A clinical trial with novel home-based enrollment.

Introduction:Clostridiodes difficile infection is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in the United States, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Recurrent infection is especially challeng...
Teachers on the Market: A Typology of Teacher Applicants’ Missions, Visions, and Values

This study develops, validates, and applies a teacher applicant typology using labor market data. We construct our typology by applying a correlated topic model to 11,000 personal statements teache...
Islet Cell Autoantibodies

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the pathogenesis of subclinical disease named as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) that is strongly associated with islet cell antibodies (ICA). The chapter shows that ICA detected by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of human blood group O pancreas were described using sera from patients with IDDM in addition to another organ-specific autoimmune disease. The ICA detected in crude assays such as on sections of frozen human pancreas or suspensions of islet cells are defined by the isolation of β-cell autoantigens. In assays to detect islet cell surface antibodies, dispersed cell suspensions are prepared from collagenase- isolated islets of Langerhans from rat, mouse or human pancreas.
Energy management at Hewlett-Packard Company Loveland, Colorado, site

The Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) Facility in Loveland, Colorado is an office and manufacturing complex of approximately 1.1 million sq. ft. It consists of six major and several minor buildings. Energy management is a multi-faceted effort with emphasis on: (1) electrical and natural gas rate structures, (2) lighting improvements, (3) lighting control, (4) demand side management, specifically chilled water plant optimization, (5) utility system monitoring and control, (6) tax incentives, (7) internal billing--energy surcharges, (8) control system optimization, and (9) auditing. Anticipated energy cost savings have been forecast for each area mentioned. The paper discusses utility management, energy auditing, natural gas pricing, and energy and utility monitoring.
Genetic Moderation of Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Circuitry

Stress exposure is associated with individual differences in corticolimbic structure and function that often mirror patterns observed in psychopathology. Gene x environment interaction research suggests that genetic variation moderates the impact of stress on risk for psychopathology. On the basis of these findings, imaging genetics, which attempts to link variability in DNA sequence and structure to neural phenotypes, has begun to incorporate measures of the environment. This research paradigm, known as imaging gene x environment interaction (iGxE), is beginning to contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms through which genetic variation and stress increase psychopathology risk. Although awaiting replication, evidence suggests that genetic variation within the canonical neuroendocrine stress hormone system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, contributes to variability in stress-related corticolimbic structure and function, which, in turn, confers risk for psychopathology. For iGxE research to reach its full potential it will have to address many challenges, of which we discuss: (i) small effects, (ii) measuring the environment and neural phenotypes, (iii) the absence of detailed mechanisms, and (iv) incorporating development. By actively addressing these challenges, iGxE research is poised to help identify the neural mechanisms underlying genetic and environmental associations with psychopathology.
Application of a parallel Navier-Stokes model to ocean circulation

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a prognostic ocean circulation model based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes (INS) equations. The model is designed for the study of both non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic scales; it employs the pressure method and finite volume techniques. To find the pressure in the non-hydrostatic limit, a three-dimensional Poisson equation must be inverted. The chapter employs a single-pass, two-grid method where the thin three-dimensional domain of the ocean is first projected on to a two-dimensional grid using vertical integration as a smoother. The two-grid method exploits the anisotropic aspect ratio of the computational domain and dramatically reduces the computational effort required to invert the three-dimensional elliptic problem. The resulting model is competitive with hydrostatic models in that limit and scales efficiently on parallel computers. The chapter concludes that because the dynamics is rooted in INS and the algorithm is designed to handle small scales, it is well-suited to simulations of the ocean at very high spatial resolution.
Ultrastructural Changes in Rhizopus stolonifer Sporangiospores in Response to Anaerobiosis

Rhizopus stolonifer sporangiospores developed prominent ultrastructural changes under anoxia. Mitochondria were scattered randomly throughout the cytoplasm in spores incubated aerobically for 3 hr, but moved to the periphery of the cytoplasm when the spores were exposed to anoxia. Endoplasmic reticulum, inconspicuous in control spores, appeared near the plasmalemma and was frequently found connected to a nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm, otherwise usually uniformly dense and containing abundant ribosomes, appeared mottled under anoxia. The absence of ribosomes could account for the mottled appearance. Lipid inclusions were distinctively separated from the electron-transparent areas of the mottled cytoplasm. The increasing thickness of the inner wall indicated that the metabolic activity of spores continued under anoxia. When aerobic conditions succeeded anoxia, germ-tube protrusion occurred.
Storytelling, Folktales and the Comic Book Format

The reading process in comics is an extension of text. In text alone the process of reading involves word-to- image conversion. Comics accelerate that by providing the image. When properly executed, it goes beyond conversion and speed and becomes a seamless whole. In every sense, this misnamed form of reading is entitled to be regarded as literature because the images are employed as a language. There is a recognizable relationship to the iconography and pictographs of oriental writing. When this language is employed as a conveyance of ideas and information, it separates itself from mindless visual entertainment. This makes comics a storytelling medium. (Eisner 5) Will Eisner, in his ground breaking work Graphic Storytelling, points out that regardless of the various methods of transmitting a story incorporating any form of modern technology, there are only two major ways for a story to be told: words (orally or written) and images. In comics, these two methods are combined (Eisner 13). Eisner defines a storyteller as the “writer or person in control of the narration” (Eisner 6). I have always considered the term to mean an oral transmitter of a narrative and will apply my denotation throughout this article, which will briefly comment on the way oral storytelling techniques are incorporated and celebrated in the comic book format. The major focus of this article, however, will be on examples of retellings of traditional folktales in comic book format, particularly for the young adult reader. I became interested in the similarities between oral storytelling and the comic book format when conducting research on reworkings of traditional folktales for New Tales for Old: Folktales as Literary Fictions for Young Adults (co-authored with Anna Altmann, Libraries Unlimited 1999). Reading folktales in this format made me realize that this was probably the closest literary genre to the oral art of telling a story. Both the comic book and the oral tale depend on dialogue and tone of voice, body language and gestures, and timing for an effective experience for the audience. Both of these storytelling forms require the audience to actively participate in the understanding of the story; the listening aud ience must decode the words and silences, the body language and the voice to make their own images of the characters, the stage and the action that is taking place in the tale. The strength of the oral tale is that each member of the audience uses his or her own experiences and background to create a story that is uniquely his or her own. In the comic book format, the reader must speculate on what happens in the gutters (the space between the panels) as well as read the visual cues to interpret the story and, as in the oral tale, the experience and background of the reader not only enrich the story read but also individualize it.
Transcatheter Elimination of Left-to-Right Shunts in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is Feasible and Safe

Objective. To test the hypothesis that transcatheter elimination of left-to-right (L–R) cardiac shunts in former premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is feasible, safe, and is associated with an improvement in respiratory status. Design. Retrospective case review. Patients. Twelve patients with BPD who underwent an attempt at transcatheter closure of an L–R shunt lesion within the first year of life at a single center. Median weight was 5.4 kg and median age was 6 months. Fifteen L–R shunt lesions included patent ductus arteriosus (n = 1), atrial septal defect (ASD) (n = 9), and aortopulmonary collaterals (n = 5). Outcome Measures. Echocardiographic and clinical markers were collected before and after intervention as well as procedural variables including successful elimination of the shunt and procedural complications. Results. The L–R shunts were successfully occluded in 11/12 (91.6%) patients without any significant procedural adverse event. The ASD closure group demonstrated a decrease in right heart size after the procedure. All patients required respiratory support prior to, and 1 month after, the procedure while only 5/10 (50%) required respiratory support at 12 months of age (P= .0129). There was no change in the median weight percentile over time. Conclusion. Transcatheter occlusion of L–R shunts can be performed safely and effectively in children with BPD. Further studies may clarify the role of such therapy in improvement in respiratory physiology over time.
Squyres Receives 2012 Whipple Award: Citation

Steven Squyres received the 2012 Whipple Award at the 2012 AGU Fall Meeting, held 3–7 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes an individual who has made an outstanding contribution in the field of planetary science.
The Value of Battery Storage and Discharge Logic with Solar Microgeneration

Abstract Microgeneration using solar photovoltaic systems is becoming increasingly popular in residential households as such systems allow for households use a renewable energy source while also reducing their reliance on the electricity grid to fulfill their electricity demand. In this study we explore the added value of a battery storage system with regards to a solar photovoltaic system during the summer months. A battery storage system is able to capture the excess electricity generated by a photovoltaic system and use it to displace some portion of the household electricity demand at a later period. California is used as a case study to determine the value of adding a battery storage system for a household with a solar photovoltaic array.
Potential allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) aqueous extract on germination and growth of selected Florida native plants1

Abstract Morgan, E.C., and W.A. Overholt (University of Florida Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 So. Rock Rd., Ft. Pierce FL 34949). Potential allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) aqueous extracts upon germination and growth of selected Florida native plants. J. Torr. Bot. Soc. 132: 11–15. 2005.—Schinus terebinthifolius, or Brazilian pepper, is an exotic invasive plant found throughout much of peninsular Florida. It rapidly colonizes disturbed areas, often forming dense monotypic stands, and displaces native vegetation. In the current study we examined a potential mechanism by which Brazilian pepper has become a major invader of Florida's ecosystems. In laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments, germination and biomass accumulation in two native Florida plant species, Bidens alba and Rivina humilis, were negatively affected by irrigation with aqueous extracts of Brazilian pepper leaves. This study illustrates a potential mechanism t...
Comparative Physiological Studies on Hyperthermophilic Archaea Isolated from Deep-Sea Hot Vents with Emphasis on Pyrococcus Strain GB-D.

Three new sulfur- or non-sulfur-dependent archaeal isolates, including a Pyrococcus strain, from Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vents (Gulf of California; depth, 2,010 m) were characterized and physiologically compared with four known hyperthermophiles, previously isolated from other vent sites, with an emphasis on growth and survival under the conditions particular to the natural habitat. Incubation under in situ pressure (200 atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa]) did not increase the maximum growth temperature by more than 1°C for any of the organisms but did result in increases in growth rates of up to 15% at optimum growth temperatures. At in situ pressure, temperatures considerably higher than those limiting growth (i.e., > 105°C) were survived best by isolates with the highest maximum growth temperatures, but none of the organisms survived at temperatures of 150°C or higher for 5 min. Free oxygen was toxic to all isolates at growth range temperatures, but at ambient deep-sea temperature (3 to 4°C), the effect varied in different isolates, the non-sulfur-dependent isolate being the most oxygen tolerant. Hyperthermophiles could be isolated from refrigerated and oxygenated samples after 5 years of storage. Cu, Zn, and Pb ions were found to be toxic under nongrowth conditions (absence of organic substrate), with the non-sulfur-dependent isolate again being the most tolerant.
Immunolabeling of lipopolysaccharide liberated from antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli.

Abstract Increased anti-core glycolipid antibody binding was visualized by immunoelectron microscopy after incubation of Escherichia coli K1:O7 cells with a bacteriolytic antibiotic and compared with binding in control cells. The findings suggest that the core glycolipid regions of the lipopolysaccharides of some gram-negative bacilli can be effectively sequestered until liberated by antibiotic-induced cell lysis.
Met-Independent Hepatocyte Growth Factor-mediated regulation of cell adhesion in human prostate cancer cells

Background Prostate cancer cells communicate reciprocally with the stromal cells surrounding them, inside the prostate, and after metastasis, within the bone. Each tissue secretes factors for interpretation by the other. One stromally-derived factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), was found twenty years ago to regulate invasion and growth of carcinoma cells. Working with the LNCaP prostate cancer progression model, we found that these cells could respond to HGF stimulation, even in the absence of Met, the only known HGF receptor. The new HGF binding partner we find on the cell surface may help to clarify conflicts in the past literature about Met expression and HGF response in cancer cells.
Gravitational radiative corrections as the origin of spontaneous symmetry breaking

Abstract The one loop effective potential is computed in general relativity and in conformally metric gravitation. Only in the latter case does gravity induce symmetry breaking. The result implies that the low energy limit of the quantized conformal theory is general relativity.
A simplified enzymic procedure for the preparation of nucleoside di- and triphosphates

Abstract 1. 1. A heat-stable enzyme preparation from rat liver can be used to synthesize ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside di- and triphosphates from AMP, CMP, GMP, dAMP, dCMP, dGMP, and dUMP. Cytosine arabinoside 5′-phosphate is converted to the corresponding triphosphate in quantitative yields. 2. 2. The nucleotides are isolated by ion-exchange chromatography with the volatile buffer triethylamine bicarbonate as eluant. 3. 3. The yields in most cases are better than 50%, making this procedure an efficient method for the synthesis of highly labeled nucleoside di- and triphosphates.