cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN THE ARTERIES OF THE UTERUS IN OÖPHORECTOMIZED RATS

IT WAS SHOWN BY LANGSTON and Robinson (i) in the rat and by Buys and Vandervelde (2) in the rabbit that after bilateral oophorectomy the uterus becomes atrophic, the walls of uterine blood vessels increase in thickness and their lumen decrease in size. It is well known that in women after the menopause, especially multipara, many of the blood vessels of the uterus show marked thickening and hyalinization of the intima and great narrowing of the lumen. The purpose of this study was to determine whether atrophy which is not due to direct interference with the blood supply of an organ will induce the development of intimal arterial and arteriolar sclerosis of the blood vessels of that organ. The ovaries were removed from 50 middle-aged rats. Biopsies were taken from the uterine horns at the time of oophorectomy as control tissue.
Semantic access control for information interoperation

Sharing information across different organizations is a critical problem. Using security enforcement mechanisms, accessing databases is limited to authorized users only. However, if databases and access control policies are syntactically and schematically heterogeneous, information interoperation becomes a crucial challenge. In order to allow users from multiple organizations to access databases, a better access control model is desired. In this paper, we propose Semantic Access Control based on popular Role-Base Access Control. Semantic Access Control provides secure access control to databases while resolving the heterogeneity among the databases. We present Semantic Access Control Enabler (SACE), a novel middleware-based system that has been designed and implemented to enable Semantic Access Control on the Web. SACE is a middleware system that requires only a few changes to be done on the legacy systems of any organizations involved. Unlike traditional mediator technologies, we integrate heterogeneity resolution and access control into one process. We show that despite performing ontology mappings and query and data translations our toolkit still provides acceptable performance.
Inhibin Binding Protein in Rats: Alternative Transcripts and Regulation in the Pituitary across the Estrous Cycle

Inhibin binding protein (InhBP) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) type III receptor, betaglycan, have been identified as putative inhibin coreceptors. Here we cloned the InhBP cDNA in rats and predict that it encodes a large membrane-spanning protein that is part of the Ig superfamily, as has been described for humans. Two abundant InhBP transcripts (4.4 and 1.8 kb) were detected in the adult rat pituitary. The larger transcript encodes the full-length protein while the 1.8-kb transcript (InhBP-short or InhBP-S) corresponds to a splice variant of the receptor. This truncated isoform contains only the N-terminal signal peptide and first two (of 12) Ig-like domains observed in the full-length InhBP (InhBP-long or InhBP-L). InhBP-S does not contain a transmembrane domain and is predicted to be a soluble protein. Betaglycan was also detected in the pituitary; however, it was most abundant within the intermediate lobe. Although we also observed betaglycan immunopositive cells in the anterior pituitar...
Cosmic Ray-Induced Soft Errors in Static MOS Memory Cells

Previous analytical models were extended to predict cosmic ray-induced soft error rates in static MOS memory devices. The effect is due to ionization and can be introduced by high energy, heavy ion components of the galactic environment. The results indicate that the sensitivity of memory cells is directly related to the density of the particular MOS technology which determines the node capacitance values. Hence, CMOS is less sensitive than e.g., PMOS. In addition, static MOS memory cells are less sensitive than dynamic ones due to differences in the mechanisms of storing bits. The flip-flop of a static cell is inherently stable against comsic ray-induced bit flips. Predicted error rates on a CMOS RAM and a PMOS shift register are, in general agreement with previous spacecraft flight data.
Radio emission from early‐type galaxies and cosmic microwave background experiments

We investigate the possible contribution from the emission of accretion flows around supermassive black holes in early-type galaxies to current measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at radio frequencies. We consider a range of luminosities suggested by targeted radio observations and accretion models, and compute the residual contribution of these sources to the spectrum and bispectrum of the observed CMB maps. As for high-resolution CMB experiments, we find that the unresolved component of these sources could make up to ∼40-50 per cent of the observed Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) and Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association (BIMA) array power spectrum at l > 2000. As a consequence, the inferred σ SZ 8 value could be biased high by up to 6-7 per cent. As for all-sky experiments, we find that the contribution of accretion-flow sources to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) bispectrum is at the 2-3 per cent level at most. At the flux limit that Planck will achieve, however, these sources may contribute up to 15 per cent of the bispectrum in the 60-100 GHz frequency range. Moreover, Planck should detect hundreds of these sources in the 30-300 GHz frequency window. These detections, possibly coupled with galaxy type confirmation from optical surveys, will allow number counts to put tighter constraints on the radio luminosity and accretion-flow properties of early-type galaxies. These sources may also contribute up to the 30 per cent level to the residual radio sources power spectrum in future high-resolution Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) surveys (like the Atacama Cosmology Telescope or the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment) reaching mJy flux limits.
Physical chemistry: the peripatetic proton.

The way in which protons are transferred between acids and bases has been known in general terms for decades. But the details of the process are complex, and only now is the full proton itinerary becoming clear.
On a Class of Solutions of Nonlinear Boltzmann Equations

In a recent paper by Krook and Wu, the nonlinear Boltzmann equation for an infinite, spatially homogeneous, isotropic monoatomic gas of constant density and kinetic energy and with an elastic differential cross section that varies inversely as relative speed has been reduced to an infinite sequence of moment equations. The present note observes that the moment equations are successively integrable and shows that as time goes to infinity, the distribution tends to be Maxwellian.
PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: TWO NEW BOOKS ON RAPE

Intimate Betrayal: Understanding and Responding to the Trauma of Acquaintance Rape, Vernon R. Wieheand Ann L. Richards. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995. 214 pp., $19.95 (paper), ISBN: 0-8039-7361-6; ...
Isolation of two new c30 sterols, (24e)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol and 24ξ-n-propylcholesterol, from a cultured marine chrysophyte

Two new sterols, (24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol and 24 epsilon-n-propylcholesterol, were isolated from a cultured marine Chrysophyte. Since most of the steroids found in marine invertebrates are unchanged or modified sterols of algal or symbiotic origin, the discovery of these two unusual sterols in a unicellular alga grown under well-defined conditions contributes to our knowledge of sterols in marine food chains and offers a potential substrate for biosynthetic labeling experiments.
Correlates of negative and positive mood state in mothers of twins.

Relationships between parenting distress, social support, and sense of competence and negative and positive maternal mood were assessed in 162 mothers with twins younger than 2 years. Women with lower satisfaction scores on the sense of competence scale reported higher negative mood (adjusted R2 = 21.7%, p < .001). Women with lower parenting distress and higher efficacy scores on the sense of competence scale reported higher positive mood (adjusted R2 = 39.4%, p < .001). Neither instrumental nor subjective social support contributed to variance in maternal mood. Interventions should be aimed at decreasing parenting distress and increasing sense of competence for mothers of twins.
Chiral poisoning in the kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols

Recently, hydrogenations of allylic alcohols using ruthenium catalysts with enantiomerically pure phosphines, such as (R)-BINAP were reported to be useful for the kinetic resolution of cyclic allylic alcohols. These kinetic resolutions can also be effected using racemic BINAP and preferentially deactivating one enantiomer of the catalyst with an enantiomerically pure chiral poison. Poisoning of racemic (BINAP)-RuCl2 (dmf)x with (1R,2S)-ephedrine provided (R)-2-cyclohexenol in 93% ee at 72% conversion.
Explicit Distance Geometry: Identification of all the Degrees of Freedom in a Large RNA Molecule

Abstract An alternative approach to distance geometry (“explicit” distance geometry) is being developed for problems, such as the modeling of RNA folding in the ribosome, where relatively few distances are known. The approach explicitly identifies minimal sets of additional distances that can be added to a distance matrix in order to calculate structures that are consistent with all the known information without distorting the original input data. These additional distances are bounded to the extent possible by the known distances. These explicitly added distances can be treated as degrees of freedom and used to explore the full range of alternative foldings consistent with the original input in an organized way. The present paper establishes that it is practical to explicitly determine such degrees of freedom for even very large RNAs. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach tRNA was represented as a simple undirected graph containing all relevant information represented in the usual cloverleaf sec...
The Myth of the Queen Bee: A Study of Gender and Work Conflict at Two Firms

I investigate gender and difficult work relationships at two organizations - a global management consulting firm and a national facilities services contractor. Using a name generator network survey, I ask professionals to name their most difficult or uncooperative co-worker and then describe why they selected that individual . I find that female employees are more likely to name another woman as their most difficult co-worker - even though women represent less than one-third of the workforce in each of these firms. Men do not do the same. However, this likelihood reverses for women in positions of power at these firms. Further, when I consider the gender composition of an employee’s network, I find that all employees – male and female - become more likely to select a female co-worker as the most difficult co-worker as they include more women among their work ties. However, this effect is negative for female employees with more women as friends and confidantes at work. I explore explanations for this, anal...
REFLECTANCE EFFECTS CAUSED BY REFRACTIVE INDEX GRADIENTS IN DIAMOND CELL SAMPLES OF H2 AND Al2O3

At high pressures, optical spectroscopic techniques are the principal means for probing dense solid hydrogen, including both its vibrational and electronic excitations. Ruoff et al. [Phys. Rev.B47, 11039 (1993)] proposed that refractive index gradients of H2 samples loaded with 5% Al2O3 powder in diamond anvil cells could cause a 4% rise in infrared reflectivity which interfered with the measurements on hydrogen reported by Mao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.65, 484 (1990)]. We have analyzed this alternative proposal, including computer simulations of the appropriate sample configuration. Our calculations show that effects of a graded index on the rise of reflectivity from 1.0 to 0.5 eV are less than 0.1% and are therefore insignificant.
Nitrogen and Tillage Effects on Irrigated Continuous Corn Yields

A no-till (NT) production system has potential to reduce soil erosion, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared with a conventional till (CT) system. Nitrogen fertilization (four to six N rates) and tillage system (CT and NT) effects on irrigated, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) yields were evaluated for 5 yr on a clay loam soil to determine the viability of the NT system and N needs for optimum yield. Corn in both NT and CT systems responded similarly to available N supply. Grain yields were significantly increased by N fertilization in both tillage systems, with a 16% higher average maximum yield in the CT than in the NT system. Grain yields were near maximum with an available N (soil 1 fertilizer N) level of 276 and 268 kg N ha 21 in the CT and NT systems, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) averaged 43% over N rates and years for both systems. Total N required to produce 1 Mg of grain at maximum yield averaged 19 and 20 kg N Mg 21 grain for the CT and NT systems, respectively. Corn residue increased with increasing N rate with no difference in residue production between tillage systems. The lower grain yield with NT probably resulted from the slow early spring development and delayed tasseling compared with the CT system as a result of cooler spring soil temperatures in the NT system. No-till, irrigated, continuous corn production has potential for replacing CT systems in the central Great Plains area, but with reduced yield potential. Current N fertilizer recommendations for CT corn based on yield goal may need to be modified for NT to account for the lower yield potential and slightly higher N requirement.
Leaving the faith: Testing theories of religious switching using survival models

Abstract A number of theories have been put forward to explain the high rates of religious switching in the United States, but no study has tested these theories against each other. This study uses data from the 1988 General Social Survey to estimate event history models of religious switching. It is found that religious exogamy and homogamy, parental religious exogamy, lapses in religious practice, denomination of origin, and generation are the most important factors affecting religious switching. Intergenerational mobility is found to have a negative effect on switching rates, but educational differences from respondents' denominations of origin increase crease switching rates significantly. Lastly, it is shown that dynamic models are an improvement over static logistic regression models.
VASP-S: A Volumetric Analysis and Statistical Model for Predicting Steric Influences on Protein-Ligand Binding Specificity

Many fields seek to identify steric influences in protein-ligand binding specificity. In some cases, these influences can be found by visually comparing protein structures, but subtler influences, whose significance may only be apparent from the analysis of many structures, are harder to find. To assist this process, we present VASP-S (Volumetric Analysis of Surface Properties with Statistics), an unsupervised volumetric analysis and statistical model for isolating statistically significant structural variations that may influence specificity. We applied these methods to analyze sequentially nonredundant structural representatives of two well-studied protein families: the canonical serine proteases and the enolase super family. We observed that statistically significant structural variations, as identified by VASP-S, reproduced experimentally established determinants of specificity. These results suggest that unsupervised methods, supported by statistical models, may be able to automatically identify variations that sterically influence specific binding in catalytic sites.
Development of immunological memory in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I. An immunochemical and cellular analysis of the B cell response

In vivo and in vitro analyses of the antibody responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confirmed the existence of immunological memory in this species. An enhanced in vitro secondary antibody response was found to be due strictly to an expansion of the antigen-sensitive precursor pool without a concomitant increase in clone size. In contrast to the development of immunological memory in mammalian species, there was no evidence for affinity maturation during the primary or secondary response. A distinct shift in the fine specificity profiles of the antibodies, however, did occur during the generation of the secondary response. Additionally, more than a single injection of the priming antigen, TNP-KLH was required to produce an enhanced in vitro response to this T-dependent antigen. However, a second priming injection was not required to produce an enhanced secondary response to the T-independent form of antigen, TNP-LPS. These results indicate that memory in trout may be due to a simple expansion of the antigen-specific precursor pool without many of the qualitative changes in antibody or B cell function associated with the expression of memory in mammals.
Assessment of Hairline EEG as a Screening Tool for Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus

Summary: Purpose: Because of the high incidence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), the attraction of a “quick and easy” screening electroencephalogram (EEG) is obvious. Previous studies have shown utility of hairline EEG in diagnosing epilepsy. However, this technique has not been evaluated as a screening tool for NCSE. We wanted to provide proof of principle that a screening hairline EEG has sufficient sensitivity to use as a screening tool for diagnosing NCSE. Methods: A total of 120, 2- to 3-min EEG samples of normal and various abnormal digital EEG studies were reformatted in three six-channel montages (A, longitudinal bipolar; B, referential to ipsilateral ear; C, referential to contralateral ear) that mimicked a hairline recording and were interpreted by five neurophysiologists. The test data interpretation was compared with the original EEG interpretation. Results: Performance was best with montages A and B; 71% and 70.5% of the samples were interpreted correctly by using these montages. Only 65% of the samples were correctly interpreted by using montage C. With the best montage (A), the sensitivities ranged from 91% for normal EEG to 54% for periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). The sensitivity for seizures was only 72%. Seizures were frequently misinterpreted as more benign patterns such as normal and diffuse slowing. Conclusions: EEG data reformatted to resemble a hairline EEG had low sensitivity for detecting seizures. As a result, we do not recommend further pursuit of hairline EEG as a “quick and easy” screening tool for NCSE.
Forces between Crystalline Alumina (Sapphire) Surfaces in Aqueous Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant Solutions

Using the surface forces apparatus, we have studied the adsorption of negatively charged sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant onto positively charged surfaces of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and the resulting interactions between these surfaces in aqueous solutions. The adsorbed layer thicknesses, adhesion forces, and long range colloidal interactions were measured at SDS concentrations from 0.01 to 5 mM (below the critical micelle concentration, cmc = 8 mM). Our results show that an SDS bilayer of thickness approximately 3.2 nm forms at bulk concentrations above 1 mM (>=1/10(cmc)) and that beyond bilayer-bilayer contact the measured forces are well described by the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory (with a constant surface potential at low surfactant coverage and constant surface charge density at high coverage). With one exception, the results are in good agreement with previous data on similar systems obtained using other techniques. The results clarify how electrostatic binding interactions determine the stepped adsorption of, and transitions between, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfactant layers. The results also provide a basis for understanding why certain surfactants (under appropriate solution conditions) can be used as effective additives in the colloidal processing of ceramic materials. 27 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Antagonistic Roles for GcvA and GcvB in hdeAB Expression in Escherichia coli

In E. coli, the periplasmic proteins HdeA and HdeB have chaperone-like functions, suppressing aggregation of periplasmic proteins under acidic conditions. A microarray analysis of RNA isolated from an E. coli wild type and a ΔgcvB strain grown to mid-log phase in Luria-Bertani broth indicated the hdeAB operon, encoding the HdeA and HdeB proteins, is regulated by the sRNA GcvB. We wanted to verify that GcvB and its coregulator Hfq play a role in regulation of the hdeAB operon. In this study, we show that GcvB positively regulates hdeA::lacZ and hdeB::lacZ translational fusions in cells grown in Luria-Bertani broth and in glucose minimal media + glycine. Activation also requires the Hfq protein. Although many sRNAs dependent on Hfq regulate by an antisense mechanism, GcvB regulates hdeAB either directly or indirectly at the level of transcription. GcvA, the activator of gcvB, negatively regulates hdeAB at the level of transcription. Although expression of gcvB is dependent on GcvA, activation of hdeAB by GcvB occurs independently of GcvA's ability to repress the operon. Cell survival and growth at low pH are consistent with GcvA negatively regulating and GcvB positively regulating the hdeAB operon.
Towards Scalable, Contention-free Data Center Networking with All-Optical Switching Fabric

We propose a scalable optical switching architecture towards contention-free interconnection for data center networks. The arrayed-waveguide-grating router (AWGR) based switching fabric utilizes wavelength parallelism to alleviate contention, to reduce latency, and to improve scalability.
Classical theory of high-field atomic ionization using elliptical polarization

Important information about strong-field atomic or molecular ionization can be missed when using linearly polarized laser fields. The field strength at which an electron was ionized and the time during a pulse of the ionization event are examples of such missing information. In treating single-, double-, and triple-ionization events we show that information of this kind is made readily available by the use of elliptical polarization.
Crisscrossed atrioventricular valves and prolonged survival.

December 1982 The American Journal of CARDIOLOGY Volume 50 crossed, so that the right-sided atrium connects to the left-sided ventricle and the left-sided atrium connects to the right-sided ventricle (Fig . 1) . When this occurs, the AV valves have an anteroposterior relation . Since 1974, a number of patients with crisscrossed AV valves have been reported on, and most (lied early in life from either inadequate or excessive pulmonary blood flow,
Use of modified silicone tracheal cannula for obstructive sleep apnea.

Experience with the original Montgomery® silicone tracheal cannulas in 47 patients with obstructive sleep apnea has been reported. Further experience with 10 obstructive sleep apnea patients who used modified silicone tracheal cannulas that permit periodic self-removal, cleaning, and reinsertion was analyzed. Two patients used the tube briefly and without complications. The remaining eight patients used the modified cannula for 18 to 24 months. The average number of office visits following insertion was three. Compared to the original cannulas, there were markedly fewer difficulties with granulations, infection, and tube malposition with the modified cannulas. The improvements make this modified device a useful tool worth further study in obstructive sleep apnea patients requiring tracheostomy.
The European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubn.), and its principal host plant. VII. Larval feeding behavior and host plant resistance.

Host-plant resistance to the European corn borer is manifested as increased larval mortality, inhibition of larval growth, and reduction in larval feeding. Leaf lesions caused by larval feeding are smaller and fewer per infesting borer on resistant lines than on susceptible lines of corn. Resistance factor A (6-methoxybenzoxazolinone) exerted a deleterious effect on feeding of firstinstar larvae, acting as a feeding deterrent and not as a simple repellent. Reducation in duration of larval feeding was proportional to RFA concentration, but inhibition of larval growth by RFA could not be accounted for on this basis. No significant correlation between feeding suppression and growth inhibition was found in experiments using a series of 15 benzoxazolinone and benzothiazole analogs. Lowering of RFA inhibitory action by high concentration of dietary sugar was not caused by a masking of RFA effects on feeding behavior. The available evidence indicates that RFA inhibited larval growth by metabolic action, not via behavioral effects. Under field conditions, larval mortality on borer-resistant plants was higher than that observed in the laboratory among larvae on purified diets containing comparable concentrations of RFA. The reduced feeding and inhbiited growth induced by RFA probably tends to increase larval mortality through prolonging the exposure of the weakened larvae to adverse environmental conditions.
Reactions of the electron-rich triply bonded dirhenium(II) complexes Re2X4(μ-dppm)2 (X=Cl, Br) with dioxygen. Part II. The synthesis and structural characterization of the complexes ReOCl3(dppmO) (dppmO=Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2) and Re2(μ-O)Cl6(μ-dppm)2

Abstract The compound Re2(μ-O)(O)2Cl4(μ-dppm)2 (2a), which has been prepared previously by the reaction of Re2Cl4(μ-dppm)2 with O2, reacts with further O2 to form mononuclear ReOCl3(dppmO) (3), where dppmO represents the chelating Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2 ligand. Complex 3 can also be prepared by the reaction of 2a with ButOOH, H2O2 or m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The structure of 3 has been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for ReOCl3(dppmO)·CH2Cl2 at 20 °C: monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14), a=10.0440(8), b=15.821(1), c=18.082(2) A, β=91.994(7)°, V=2871.6(7) A3, Z=4. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares to R=0.025 (Rw=0.037) for 3177 data with I>30σ(I). The dirhenium(V) complex 2a can be protonated to give the μ-hydroxy bridged complex [Re2(μ-OH)(O)2Cl4(μ-dppm)2]BF4 (5) upon treatment with HBF4·Et2O. Complex 5 is deprotonated to reform 2a by bases such as triethylamine. The dirhenium(IV) complex Re2(μ-O)(μ-Cl)(O)Cl3(μ-dppm)2 (1a), which is a precursor to 2a in the oxygenation of Re2Cl4(μ-dppm)2, reacts with thionyl chloride to form the centrosymmetric corner-sharing bioctahedral complex Re2(μ-O)Cl6(μ-dppm)2 (4), which is isostructural with its previously described osmium analogue. Crystal data for 4 at 20 °C: orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61), a=15.087(1), b=17.878(4), c=18.015(3) A, V=4859(2) A3, Z=4. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares to R=0.029 (Rw=0.034) for 2110 data with I>3σ(I).
Mass transport in groundwater near hanging-wall interceptors

This study investigated mass transport near trenches designed to capture contaminated groundwater. Numerical models simulated migration of contaminant plumes toward trenches oriented perpendicular to regional groundwater flow, partially penetrating a hypothetical unconfined aquifer. Plumes originated at the top of the simulated groundwater flow system. The smallest trench necessary to capture a contaminant plume was identified for various sets of mass transport parameters. Results suggest that, in predominantly horizontal flow systems such as those simulated here: (i) vertical hydraulic conductivity has relatively little effect on downward propagation of contaminant plumes and required trench size, (ii) transverse vertical dispersivity exerts significant control on plume and trench depth, and (iii) recharge dilutes and thus reduces plume and trench width, but may induce downward vertical hydraulic gradients that deepen plumes and trenches. For all cases considered, trenches oriented perpendicular to regional groundwater flow, placed close to the leading edge of a contaminant plume, and sized slightly larger than the plume (in transverse cross-section) facilitate plume capture.
Human MHC class II gene transcription directed by the car☐yl terminus of CIITA, one of the defective genes in type II MHC combined immune deficiency

Type II major histocompatibility complex combined immune deficiency (type II MHC CID or bare lymphocyte syndrome) is a congenital immunodeficiency disease characterized by absent MHC class II expression. Four distinct complementation groups have been identified. Recently, the defective gene in group II type II MHC CID has been isolated and termed CIITA. Here, we demonstrate that CIITA is an MHC class II gene-specific transcription activator. The transcription activation function is provided by the N-terminal acidic domain (amino acids 26-137), which is experimentally exchangeable with a heterologous viral transcription-activating domain. The specificity of CIITA for three major MHC class II genes, DR, DQ and DP, is mediated by its remaining C-terminal residues (amino acids 317-1130). The transactivation of multiple cis elements, especially S and X2, of the DR alpha proximal promoter in group II CID cells is CIITA dependent. Since CIITA overexpression in normal cells did not increase class II expression, we propose that initiation of CIITA expression serves as the on-off switch, while availability of downstream interactor(s) limits transcription.
Aerodynamic assessment of young women's voices as a function of oral contraceptive use.

Objective: To examine possible differences in glottal airflow parameters according to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Subjects and Methods: The participants included 16 women, 20–24 years of age. Eight women were taking a triphasic OC; the remaining 8 women were not taking any form of oral contraception (NOC). All participants were recorded on days 7 and 14 of their menstrual cycle. Three repetitions of the sustained vowel /a/ were obtained using a circumferentially vented respiratory face mask connected to a wide-band pressure transducer. Measures of peak flow, minimum flow, alternating flow, fundamental frequency (F₀) and relative sound pressure level were obtained. Results: A multivariate analysis of variance with sound pressure level as a covariate revealed no significant effect of day of recording upon the dependent measures. As a group, the OC women exhibited significantly higher F₀, peak and alternating flow rates compared to the NOC women. Removal of data outliers from the OC women resulted in similar airflow rates for both groups. Conclusion: The findings from this preliminary study did not support the use of glottal airflow measures to distinguish OC women from NOC women. Differences in F₀ findings may reflect hormonally mediated changes in laryngeal tissue and warrant further investigation.
Characterization of wheat germ initiation factor eIF-2.

The initiation factor eIF-2 that specifically binds Met-tRNAf and GTP in ternary complex (eIF-2. GTP. Met-tRNAf) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from wheat germ ribosomal salt wash. The purified factor exhibits a sedimentation coefficient of 5 · 5S and an aggregate molecular weight of 122000-daltons for the native protein.
Epitaxial growth of CdTe thin film on cube-textured Ni by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Single crystal-like CdTe thin film has been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on cube-textured Ni(100) substrate. Using X-ray pole figure measurements we observed the epitaxial relationship of {111}CdTe//{001}Ni with [1 1 ¯ 0]CdTe//[010]Ni and [11 2 ¯ ] CdTe//[100]Ni. The 12 diffraction peaks in the (111) pole figure of CdTe film and their relative positions with respect to the four peak positions in the (111) pole figure of Ni substrate are consistent with four equivalent orientational domains of CdTe with three to four superlattice match of about 1.6% in the [1 1 ¯ 0] direction of CdTe and the [010] direction of Ni. The electron backscattered diffraction images show that the CdTe domains are 30° oriented from each other. These high structural quality films may find applications in low cost optoelectronic devices.
Subordinates’ socio‐communicative orientation and their use of conflict strategies with superiors

This study investigated the relationship between subordinates’ socio‐communicative orientations and their use of organizational conflict strategies with their superiors. Socio‐communicative orientation is based on a person's assertiveness and responsiveness. There are four socio‐communicative orientations: competent, aggressive, submissive, and noncompetent. Subordinates (N = 228) completed a questionnaire of their socio‐communicative orientations and of their conflict strategies with supervisors. Noncompetents and submissives used nonconfrontation strategies more than competents and aggressives. Competents used collaboration strategies more than submissives and noncompetents. Aggressives and competents reported using control strategies more than submissives and noncompetents.
Echocardiographic Characterization of Cardiomyopathy in Friedreich’s Ataxia With Tissue Doppler Echocardiographically Derived Myocardial Velocity Gradients

Background—Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographically derived myocardial velocity gradients (MVGs) were used to characterize the myocardium in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), and the relationship between MVGs and the mutation in the FRDA gene, a GAA triplet repeat expansion, was investigated. Methods and Results—We studied 29 patients with FRDA (10 men, mean age 31±9 years) who were homozygous for the GAA expansion in the FRDA gene and were without cardiac symptoms. A comparison was made with a group of 30 age-matched control subjects. In patients with FRDA, interventricular septal thickness (1.17±0.26 versus 0.85±0.13 cm, P<0.005), posterior left ventricular wall thickness (1.00±0.24 versus 0.88±0.15 cm, P<0.01), and left atrial diameter (3.3±0.5 versus 2.9±0.3 cm, P=0.01) were increased compared with control subjects. MVGs were reduced in FRDA during systole (3.1±1.2 versus 4.5±0.5 s−1, P<0.0001) and in early diastole (4.9±2.7 versus 8.8±1.8 s−1, P<0.0001) but increased in late dias...
Availability of Essential Soil Elements—A Relative Matter

SummaryThe degree of availability of any one of the essential plant nutrients of the soil usually varies over a considerable range, depending on the form or forms in which it exists, and the condition of the soil, especially, as regards reaction and presence of excessive amounts of calcium carbonate. Phosphorus, for example, exists principally as calcium phosphate and basic iron phosphate. The former dissolves easily in weak acids and may be classed as readily available to plants, excepting when the soil contains an excessive amount of calcium carbonate (2 per cent or more). The latter form dissolves much more slowly in weak acids and is for the most part difficultly or slowly available. If, however, this latter form exists in large amounts, the rate of solution of phosphate from it may be rapid enough to supply the needs of a crop. The relation of these conditions to methods of determining the readily available phosphorus is discussed. The degree of availability or sufficiency of any particular element also varies with the climate, supply of other nutrients, and the kind of crop grown. Availability of the plant nutrients in the soil is, therefore, a relative matter. For both practical and scientific purposes, it is highly desirable to distinguish between the more readily available and less readily available portions of phosphorus and other nutrients of soils. The use of the terms “available” and “unavailable” in speaking of these two portions is not conducive to clear thinking and leads to confusion. In fact, this usage in the past, because of its erroneous implications, has been a barrier to progress and has at times placed soil analysis in disrepute. The use of terms like “readily available” and “difficultly available,” in this connection, expresses the situation much more correctly and satisfactorily, and is a great help in any consideration of the subject.
What leads us to share valuable knowledge? An experimental study of the effects of managerial control, group identification, and social value orientation on knowledge-sharing behavior

Knowledge management (KM) has become an important focus in today's information systems research and practice. An experiment investigated three factors that influence the behavior of individuals contributing their personally-held knowledge to a knowledge management system (KMS): managerial control, group identification, social value orientation, specifically when the individual sharer believes that the knowledge they are considering sharing has some potential value to them and others in their organization. Hypotheses suggested main and interaction effects of the three antecedents to sharing of valuable knowledge. Supported main effects included managerial control and social value orientation, and the 2-way interaction between social value orientation and managerial control was also supported. The hypothesized three-way interaction was supported. This research can expand understanding of the antecedents of knowledge sharing for both researchers and practitioners alike.
Electromechanical Properties of Acceptor-Doped Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

We have studied the processing and electromechanical properties of Mn and Fe-doped 0.88[Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3]–0.08[Bi0.5K0.5TiO3]–0.04[Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3] piezoelectric ceramics prepared by the mixed oxide route. Different amounts of Mn (0.01, 0.014, 0.015, 0.016, 0.017, 0.02, 0.022) or Fe (0.0125, 0.015, 0.0175) were doped to this lead-free piezoelectric composition. Ceramics were sintered at different temperatures (1075°C–1150°C) to achieve the highest density and mechanical quality factor. Mn or Fe doping resulted in a considerable enhancement of Qm in both planar and thickness resonance modes. In 1.5 mol% Mn-doped ceramics sintered at 1100°C, a planar Qm of about 970 and tanδ of 0.88% were obtained. In Fe-doped ceramics, a planar Qm as high as 900 was achieved. Acceptor dopants also resulted in decreasing the coupling coefficients, the piezoelectric charge coefficient, and the dielectric constant.
Regional variations in US consumer response to price changes in home heating fuels: the Northeast and the South

(1987). Regional variations in US consumer response to price changes in home heating fuels: the Northeast and the South. Applied Economics: Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 1261-1268.
THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE GENERAL-THEORY

This paper examines the conceptual and philosophical links between Keynes's Treatise on Probability a nd The General Theory. The authors argue that the epistemological ide as of the former book, particularly the distinction between "atomisti c" and "organic" thought, motivate many of the methodological decisio ns underlying the analysis of the latter. Recognizing that insight into the economy is a type of "organic" knowledge contributed to Keynes's emphasis on fully integrating financial conditions into the theory of income determination, influenced his arguments about invest ment behavior in the face of true uncertainty, and governed his attit ude toward statistical empirical methods. Copyright 1988 by Scottish Economic Society.
Clinical Implications of the Vascular Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Insufficiency

Various noninvasive tests for the evaluation of cerebrovascular insufficiency have been described in previous chapters. Most forms of noninvasive testing pose less stress and less expense to the patient than angiography. While early forms of noninvasive testing depended on the presence of severe disease, the current techniques, especially carotid artery imaging, demonstrate the opposite characteristic. Carotid imaging is able to detect minimal disease that is not hemodynamically significant; in fact, overestimation of the degree of stenosis in these cases has been a consistent problem. Nevertheless, any test intended for screening must have a high degree of sensitivity to be used appropriately in the initial assessment of disease. Noninvasive assessment, therefore, combines low risk, low cost, and high sensitivity.
An efficient method for transient gene expression in monocots applied to modify the Brachypodium distachyon cell wall.

† Background Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is widely used to produce insertions into plant genomes. There are a number of well-developed Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods for dicotyledonous plants, but there are few for monocotyledonous plants. † Methods Three hydrolase genes were transiently expressed in Brachypodium distachyon plants using specially designed vectors that express the gene product of interest and target it to the plant cell wall. Expression of functional hydrolases in genotyped plants was confirmed using western blotting, activity assays, cell wall compositional analysis and digestibility tests. † Key Results An efficient, new, Agrobacterium-mediated approach was developed for transient gene expression in the grass B. distachyon, using co-cultivation of mature seeds with bacterial cells. This method allows transformed tissues to be obtained rapidly, within 3‐4 weeks after co-cultivation. Also, the plants carried transgenic tissue and maintained transgenic protein expression throughout plant maturation. The efficiency of transformation was estimated at around 5 % of initially co-cultivated seeds. Application of this approach to express three Aspergillus nidulans hydrolases in the Brachypodium cell wall successfully confirmed its utility and resulted in the expected expression of active microbial proteins and alterations of cell wall composition. Cell wall modifications caused by expression of A. nidulans a-arabinofuranosidase and a-galactosidase increased the biodegradability of plant biomass. † Conclusions This newly developed approach is a quick and efficient technique for expressing genes of interest in Brachypodium plants, which express the gene product throughout development. In the future, this could be used for broad functional genomics studies of monocots and for biotechnological applications, such as plant biomass modification for biofuel production.
Characteristics of food industry web sites and "advergames" targeting children.

Abstract Objective To assess the content of food industry Web sites targeting children by describing strategies used to prolong their visits and foster brand loyalty; and to document health-promoting messages on these Web sites. Design A content analysis was conducted of Web sites advertised on 2 children's networks, Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon. A total of 290 Web pages and 247 unique games on 19 Internet sites were examined. Results Games, found on 81% of Web sites, were the most predominant promotion strategy used. All games had at least 1 brand identifier, with logos being most frequently used. On average Web sites contained 1 "healthful" message for every 45 exposures to brand identifiers. Conclusions and Implications Food companies use Web sites to extend their television advertising to promote brand loyalty among children. These sites almost exclusively promoted food items high in sugar and fat. Health professionals need to monitor food industry marketing practices used in "new media."
Emerging Roles for SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 in the Control of Cell Proliferation, Cancer Malignancy, and Barriergenesis.

Emerging data suggest that SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (“AKAP12”), originally identified as an autoantigen in cases of myasthenia gravis, controls multiple biological processes through its ability to scaffold key signaling proteins such as protein kinase (PK) C and A, calmodulin, cyclins, phosphoinositides, “long” β-1,4 galactosyltransferase (GalTase) isoform, Src, as well as the actin cytoskeleton in a spatiotemporal manner. Specialized functions attributed to AKAP12 include the suppression of cancer malignancy, especially aspects of metastatic progression, regulation of blood-brain and blood-retina barrier formation, and resensitization of β2-adrenergic pain receptors. Recent data identify a direct role for AKAP12 in cytokinesis completion, further suggesting a function as a negative regulator of cell senescence. The current review will discuss the emerging knowledge base of AKAP12-related biological roles and how the factors that affect AKAP12 expression or that interact with AKAP12 at the protein level control cancer progression and blood-tissue barrier formation.
Solid‐phase synthesis of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor BPTI) and two analogues: A chemical approach for evaluating the role of disulfide bridges in protein folding and stability

The linear sequence of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been assembled by stepwise Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis on a polyethylene glycol-polystyrene (PEG-PS) graft support with p-alkoxybenzyl ester anchoring. Similar methods were used to prepare two analogues, the first with all six half-cystine (Cys) residues replaced by α-amino-n-butyric acid (Abu), and the second with replacement of Abu at four Cys positions while retaining the native pairing between positions 14 and 38. Following cleavage from the sup-port, the linear molecules (reduced form) were purified by semipreparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The native structure of BPTI was then formed by oxidation of a dilute solution of the protein at pH 8.7 in the presence of oxidized glutathione. The BPTI analogue with one disulfide bridge was obtained following treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-pH 6 buffer (1:9). Overall yields of homogeneous proteins were 2–4%, and further characterization was provided by amino acid analysis, sequencing, ion electrospray mass spectrometry, analytical HPLC, and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Purified synthetic BPTI with the native sequence was indistinguishable from natural material by the analytical and biophysical criteria applied, including circular dichroism (CD) spectra and inhibition of trypsin action. Studies are in progress to evaluate conformational features of the analogues which respectively lack two, or all three, of the native disulfide bridges.
Long-Acting Progestin-Only Contraceptives Enhance Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Expressed Neuronal Pentraxin-1 and Reactive Oxygen Species to Promote Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

Context: Despite the absence of progesterone receptor protein in human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs), endometria of women receiving long-acting progestin-only contraceptives (LAPCs) display reduced uterine blood flow, elevated reactive oxygen species generation, increased angiogenesis, and irregularly distributed, enlarged, fragile microvessels resulting in abnormal uterine bleeding. Objective: We propose that paracrine factors from LAPC-treated human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) impair HEEC functions by shifting the balance between HEEC viability and death in favor of the latter. Design and Setting: Proliferation, apoptosis, and transcriptome analyses were performed in HEECs treated with conditioned medium supernatant (CMS) derived from HESCs treated with estradiol (E2) ± medroxyprogesterone acetate or etonogestrel under normoxia or hypoxia. Mass spectrometry interrogated the CMS secretome while immunostaining for neuronal pentraxin-1 (NPTX1), cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c was performe...
Deep Neck Infections: Clinical Considerations in Aggressive Disease

Deep neck infections are common and occur as a consequence of several etiologies. Antibiotic therapy, interventional radiology, and patient support modalities have become increasingly sophisticated, although surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Today, neck infections are rarely life threatening when sound and timely management is applied.