cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Web-Based Survey of AAASP Members' Ethical Beliefs and Behaviors in the New Millennium.

Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP) members (N = 1121) were contacted via a series of five broadcast e-mail messages and asked to complete a web-based survey about their personal ethical beliefs and practices germane to the practice of applied sport psychology. The survey inquired about professional beliefs and behaviors of AAASP members using a survey similar to that of Petitpas et al. (1994), which was instrumental in the development and adoption of AAASP's ethics code. Surveys were completed and returned by 322 individuals. Several differences with small to moderate effect sizes were found in the ethical beliefs and behaviors between men and women, professionals and students, AAASP Certified Consultants and non-Certified Consultants, and individuals from physical education and psychology backgrounds. Furthermore, many challenges to respondents' ethical thinking and conduct were identified. Respondents provided suggestions about the dissemination of ethical information an...
Toward real-time image guided neurosurgery using distributed and grid computing

Neurosurgical resection is a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain tumors. Precision of the resection can be improved by utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as an aid in decision making during Image Guided Neurosurgery (IGNS). Image registration adjusts pre-operative data according to intra-operative tissue deformation. Some of the approaches increase the registration accuracy by tracking image landmarks through the whole brain volume. High computational cost used to render these techniques inappropriate for clinical applications. In this paper we present a parallel implementation of a state of the art registration method, and a number of needed incremental improvements. Overall, we reduced the response time for registration of an average dataset from about an hour and for some cases more than an hour to less than seven minutes, which is within the time constraints imposed by neurosurgeons. For the first time in clinical practice we demonstrated, that with the help of distributed computing non-rigid MRI registration based on volume tracking can be computed intra-operatively.
Redefining cognitive psychology

Posner & Raichle illustrate how neuroimaging blends profitably with neuropsychology and electrophysiology to advance cognitive theory. Recognizing that there are limitations to each of these techniques, we nonetheless argue that their confluence has fundamentally changed the way cognitive psychologists think about problems of the mind.
Does Retardation Mean Dumb? Children's Perceptions of the Nature, Cause, and Course of Mental Retardation:

The question raised in this paper is the extent to which third graders' thinking about mental retardation resembles their understanding of related terms, particulary smart-dumb and crazy. Based on developmental considerations, the expectation was that mental retardation, as well as the other qualities, would be defined as a set of behaviors rather than a trait, with cause and course attributed to effort, not ability. If so, children's ideas would depart from the adult consensus, which views retardation as biologically caused and irreversible. In fact, the interpretation of retardation was discrepant from the perception of smart/dumb and crazy. Retardation was interpreted as a trait—defined abstractly, with a predetermined cause and a course that is largely irreversible through personal or environmental efforts. The negative perception of mental retardation held by these third graders and their elders, which includes both cause and outcome, departs from professional positions. The latter define retardation...
Small but sturdy: small RNAs in cellular memory and epigenetics

Cells in multicellular organisms have distinct identities characterized by their profiles of expressed genes. Cell identities can be stable over a long time and through multiple cellular divisions but are also responsive to extracellular signals. Since the DNA sequence is identical in all cells, a “cellular memory” of expression profiles is achieved by what are defined as epigenetic mechanisms. Two major molecular principles—networks of transcription factors and maintenance of cis-chromatin modifications—have been implicated in maintaining cellular memory. Here we describe recent studies demonstrating that short noncoding RNAs can also provide molecular signals that define epigenetic states of cells. Small RNAs can act independently or cooperate with chromatin modifications to achieve long-lasting effects necessary for cellular memory and transgenerational inheritance.
Synthesis and function of polyhydroxyalkanoates in anaerobic syntrophic bacteria

Anaerobic syntrophic bacteria degrade fatty acids and some aromatic compounds which are important intermediates in the degradation of organic matter in methanogenic environments. Several of the described syntrophic species produce poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) suggesting that the synthesis and use of PHA is important in their physiology. In the fatty acid-degrading, syntrophic bacterium, Syntrophomonas wolfei, PHA is made during exponential phase of growth and used after growth has stopped and substrate levels are low. Altering the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the medium does not affect the amount of PHA made or its monomeric composition. It is hypothesized that PHA serves as an endogenous energy source for syntrophic bacteria when the concentrations of hydrogen or acetate are too high for the degradation of the growth substrate to be thermodynamically favorable. In S. wolfei, PHA is synthesized by two routes, the direct incorporation of 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) generated in β-oxidation without cleavage of a C-C bond, and by the condensation and subsequent reduction of two acetyl-CoA molecules. Genes that encode for the synthesis of PHA in S. wolfei have been cloned into Escherichia coli in order to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate PHA synthesis.
The Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 19 Is Expressed By and Angiogenic for Human Endothelial Cells

Objective— To characterize the expression and function of interleukin (IL) 19, a recently described T-helper 2 anti-inflammatory IL, on endothelial cell (EC) pathophysiological features. Methods and Results— The expression and effects of anti-inflammatory ILs on EC activation and development of angiogenesis are uncharacterized. We demonstrate by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot that IL-19 is expressed in inflamed, but not normal, human coronary endothelium and can be induced in cultured human ECs by serum and basic fibroblast growth factor. IL-19 is mitogenic and chemotactic, and it promotes EC spreading. IL-19 activates the signaling proteins STAT3, p44/42, and Rac1. In functional ex vivo studies, IL-19 promotes cordlike structure formation of cultured ECs and enhances microvessel sprouting in the mouse aortic ring assay. IL-19 induces tube formation in gelatinous protein (Matrigel) plugs in vivo. Conclusion— To our knowledge, these data are the first to report expression of the anti-inflammatory agent, IL-19, in ECs; and the first to indicate that IL-19 is mitogenic and chemotactic for ECs and can induce the angiogenic potential of ECs.
Racing to share pathology data.

Sharing data reinforces open scientific inquiry, encourages diversity of analysis and opinion, promotes new research, makes possible the testing of new or alternative hypotheses and methods of analysis, supports studies on data collection methods and measurement, facilitates the education of new researchers, enables the exploration of topics not envisioned by the initial investigators, and permits the creation of new data sets when data from multiple sources are combined. By avoiding the duplication of expensive data collection activities, the NIH is able to support more investigators than it could if similar data had to be collected de novo by each applicant.
An online partially fractional knapsack problem

The knapsack problem can and has been used to model many resource sharing problems. The allocation of a portion of a resource to a particular agent provides a benefit to the system, but also blocks other agents from utilizing that portion of the resource. For a problem where the number of agents as well as each agent's demand and potential benefit are known prior to any decision being made, the optimal allocation and its value can be calculated. In many situations these values are not known initially, but only learned over time. Online algorithms and competitive analysis are often employed when a problem requires decisions to be made prior to having all information available. In this paper we suggest an online version of the knapsack problem, provide some justification for the model, give the exact competitive ratio for the problem in the deterministic case, and provide bounds on the competitive ratio in the randomized case.
Properties of Ramanujan filter banks

This paper studies a class of filter banks called the Ramanujan filter banks which are based on Ramanujan-sums. It is shown that these filter banks have some important mathematical properties which allow them to reveal localized hidden periodicities in real-time data. These are also compared with traditional comb filters which are sometimes used to identify periodicities. It is shown that non-adaptive comb filters cannot in general reveal periodic components in signals unless they are restricted to be Ramanujan filters. The paper also shows how Ramanujan filter banks can be used to generate time-period plane plots which track the presence of time varying, localized, periodic components.
Self-medication with sucrose

For many individuals, stress promotes the consumption of sweet, high-sugar foods relative to healthier alternatives. Daily life stressors stimulate the overeating of highly-palatable foods through multiple mechanisms, including altered glucocorticoid, relaxin-3, ghrelin and serotonin signaling in brain. In turn, a history of consuming high-sugar foods attenuates the psychological (anxiety and depressed mood) and physiological (HPA axis) effects of stress. Together the metabolic and hedonic properties of sucrose contribute to its stress relief, possibly via actions in both the periphery (e.g., glucocorticoid receptor signaling in adipose tissue) and in the brain (e.g., plasticity in brain reward regions). Emerging work continues to reveal the bidirectional mechanisms that underlie the use of high-sugar foods as ‘self-medication’ for stress relief.
User-assisted storage reuse determination for dynamic task graphs

Models based on task graphs that operate on single-assignment data are attractive in several ways, but also require nuanced algorithms for scheduling and memory management for efficient execution. In this paper, we consider memory-efficient dynamic scheduling of task graphs, and present a novel approach for dynamically recycling the memory locations assigned to data items as they are produced by tasks.
LONG-TERM SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A DIRECT EXPANSION SOLAR-ASSISTED HEAT PUMP FOR WATER HEATING APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT The long-term thermal performance of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump is determined from the transient system simulation. The system employs a bare collector which also acts as the heat pump evaporator. The monthly averaged thermal performance parameters such as the collector efficiency and the system coefficient of performance are determined by executing a computer simulation program which uses the typical meteorological year (TMY) solar data for Norfolk, Virginia. The results indicate that increasing the collector area reduces the collector efficiency and increases the coefficient of performance.
The Chinese Worker after Socialism: Pathways to re-employment

Introduction State responses to laid-off workers' problems were uneven across space and time. Across almost all Chinese cities, however, self-employment and entrepreneurship emerged as important avenues for re-employment, just as Chin Kwan Lee found in her study of Liaoning. Political status within the old planned system, as well as workers' personal particularistic connections (known in China as guanxi , but similar to what many political scientists and sociologists refer to as certain types of “social capital,” or what many scholars of Russian politics and society call blat ), affected opportunities for entering the growing ranks of the self-employed. The structure and range of workers' social ties were instrumental in shaping their job opportunities, even in comparison with job-seekers elsewhere who rely on similar webs of connections. The effects of these aspects of working class society were mediated by regional disparities of market opportunity in the entrepreneurial sector. Local governments with sufficient capacity actively promoted and protected all types of market opportunity in ways that cities with fewer resources could not afford. This chapter explains why laid-off workers in most regions rarely succeeded in finding new jobs in the non-state sector. It discusses why workers in regions with more market opportunity relied less on particularistic connections or political status, while entrepreneurial employment depended more on connections and status the less market opportunity was available. Central Coast cities with strong capacity managed to block the entry of rural-to-urban migrants into lower strata of the labor market, preserving these opportunities for laid-off SOE workers.
An adolescent inpatient program. Guidelines and ethics.

In the inpatient treatment center for distressed adolescents described here, the therapeutic program is divided into varying subcultures, for which both adolescents and staff members determine the code of ethics. The adolescents find it easier to see the wisdom and necessity of guidelines that they help to create and to change. The program subcultures are living-in assistance centers, not hospital wards or detention facilities. When the adolescent leaves the program, he is offered aftercare if it is indicated.
Comparison of the effects of Na2CO3 and NaCl stresses on antioxidant enzymes of chloroplasts of Puccinellia tenuiflora seedlings

P.tenuiflora was treated under iso-osmotic Na2CO3 and NaCl solution for 7 d,and the effects of the salt and alkali on osmotic potential of leaves,relative electric conductance,superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),glutathione transferase(GST),O2-· producing rates and MDA content were studied.Compared with NaCl culture under isotonic stress,there was a significantly higher pH value and lower concentration of salt in Na2CO3 culture.The osmotic potential and SPAD of seedling leaves of P.tenuiflora significantly decreased more under Na2CO3 stress than under NaCl stress.Activities of APX and SOD showed a similar trend of increase(more than-3.40×105Pa) then decreased as the osmotic potential of the culture solution decreased.However,there was no obvious change in GST activity under Na2CO3 stress.APX,GST and SOD activities under NaCl stress were higher than those under Na2CO3 stress,and the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes in chloroplasts was accompanied by lower relative electric conductance,O2-· producing rates and MDA content under NaCl stress.All the above results showed that P.tenuiflora resistance to Na2CO3 stress was less than that to NaCl.This was probably due to a decrease of buffering pH value in cells,lower osmotic potential and lower ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS),because of the weak SOD,APX and GST activities.
Novel ZnO:Al contacts to CdZnTe for X- and gamma-ray detectors.

CdZnTe (CZT) has made a significant impact as a material for room-temperature nuclear-radiation detectors due to its potential impact in applications related to nonproliferation, homeland security, medical imaging and gamma-ray telescopes. In all such applications, common metals, such as gold, platinum and indium, have been used as electrodes for fabricating the detectors. Because of the large mismatch in the thermal-expansion coefficient between the metal contacts and CZT, the contacts can undergo stress and mechanical degradation, which is the main cause for device instability over the long term. Here, we report for the first time on our use of Al-doped ZnO as the preferred electrode for such detectors. The material was selected because of its better contact properties compared to those of the metals commonly used today. Comparisons were conducted for the detector properties using different contacts and improvements in the performances of ZnO:Al-coated detectors are described in this paper. These studies show that Al:ZnO contacts to CZT radiation detectors offer the potential of becoming a transformative replacement for the common metallic contacts due to the dramatic improvements in the performance of detectors and improved long-term stability.
The Two Opposing Effects of Judicial Elections on Legitimacy Perceptions

Judicial elections have two opposing effects on legitimacy perceptions for state supreme courts. Elections not only provide a boost to legitimacy through the chance to hold officials accountable bu...
Is there an association between the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and severity and control of hypertension? The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study.

The association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with the severity and control of hypertension (HTN) remains unclear. We analyzed data from the national biracial cohort of REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study. The AF prevalence ratios were estimated and full multivariable adjustment included demographics, risk factors, medication adherence, HTN duration, and antihypertensive medication classes. Of the 30,018 study participants (8.6% with AF), 4386 had normotension (4.3% with AF), 5916 had prehypertension (4.3 with AF%), 12,294 had controlled HTN (11.2% with AF), 5587 had uncontrolled HTN (8.1% with AF), 547 had controlled apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) (19.2% with AF), and 1288 had uncontrolled aTRH (15.5% with AF). Compared with normotension, the AF prevalence ratios for prehypertension, controlled HTN, uncontrolled HTN, controlled aTRH, and uncontrolled aTRH groups in fully adjusted model were 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.21), 1.42 (1.18, 1.71), 1.37 (1.14, 1.65), 1.17 (0.86, 1.58), and 1.42 (1.10, 1.84), respectively (P < .001). The prevalence of AF was similar among persons with HTN regardless of blood pressure level and antihypertensive treatment resistance.
Case report: Patient presenting with Cushing's disease.

Backgound Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease that is caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. This can be caused by a tumor of the adrenal glands, the lungs or the pituitary gland. When a pituitary tumor produces too much ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), it causes the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands. When the pituitary is the source of the over production, it is called Cushing's disease. Case description A 32-year-old female who developed symptoms of Cushing's about one and a half years prior to her visit at a large teaching hospital in the Mid-Atlantic. Her symptoms included amenorrhea, facial hair and acne, and back pain. She had previously been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Conclusion Cushing's disease is a rare disease, which can be successfully treated by experienced pituitary specialists.
Elizabeth Mertz, The Language of Law School: Learning to 'Think Like a Lawyer'. (Book Review)

In 'The Language of Law School,' Professor Elizabeth Mertz analyzes the classroom dialogues in eight different first-year contracts courses from the perspective of a linguistic anthropologist and legal scholar. Mertz criticizes the dialogues for normalizing narrow, legalistic evaluations of disputes and sheltering them from rigorous critique. The review recommends the book to all classroom teachers and all who are interested in legal education and curriculum. Even if one disagrees with Mertz's conclusions, her analyses of the classroom dialogues are illuminating.
Effect of balance exercise on functional reach test and body sway for the frail elderly

目的：注意や判断，言語など認知機能が要求されるバランス練習が要介護高齢者のFunctional Reach Test(FRT），重心動揺(Body Sway：BS）を改善するかどうか検討した．対象：軽度要介護状態の後期高齢者23名(平均年齢81.5±4.8歳）を無作為に運動群と認知群に分類した．方法：運動群は作成したバランスボードを水平に保つ課題とした．認知群は上記の運動メニューに難易度を設定し，身体が感じていること，内的表象を口頭で報告してもらった(内部観察）．ベースライン期，介入期，追跡期の歩行速度，FRT, BSを計測した．結果：歩行速度は両群とも変化はなかった．運動群はBS一部に改善が見られたが，持続性は認められなかった．一方認知群はFRT, BS全般に改善が有意にみられ，BS一部に効果の持続性が認められた．結論：認知機能を考慮したバランス練習が姿勢バランスの改善をもたらせた．持続した効果から考えると注意や判断，言語など要求される難易度の設定や内部観察が運動学習につながった可能性が示唆される．
Component-Oriented Access Control for Deployment of Application Services in Containerized Environments

With the advancements in multi-core CPU architectures, it is now possible for a server operating system (OS) such as Linux to handle a large number of concurrent application services on a single server instance. Individual service components of such services may run in different isolated environments, such as chrooted jails or application containers, and may need controlled access to system resources and the ability to collaborate and coordinate with each other in a regulated and secure manner. In an earlier work, we motivated the need for an access control framework that is based on the principle of least privilege for formulation, management, and enforcement of policies that allows controlled access to system resources and also permits controlled collaboration and coordination for service components deployed in disjoint containerized environments under a single OS instance. The current work provides a more in-depth treatment of secure inter-component communication in such environments. We show the policies needed for such communication and demonstrate how they can be enforced through a Linux Policy Machine that acts as the centralized reference monitor. The inter-component interaction occurs through the persistent layer using a tuple space abstraction. We implemented a tuple space library that provides operations on the tuple space. We present preliminary experimental results of its implementation that discuss the resource usage and performance.
Desaturation in procedural sedation for children with long bone fractures: Does weight status matter?

Abstract Introduction Childhood obesity remains a serious problem in the United States. Significant associated adverse incidents have been reported with sedation of children with obesity, namely hypoxemia. The objective of our study was to determine if overweight and obesity were associated with increased desaturations during procedural sedation compared with patients of healthy weight. Methods This was a single-center retrospective chart review of data from a three-year period of patient's age 2–17 years. Of the 1700 charts reviewed 823 of these patients received procedural sedation and met the study inclusion criteria. Weight status was classified based on age and gender specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles: underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obese. Results Among all weight categories there was no statistical significance, however children with obesity had greater desaturation rates (9.9%) compared with children of underweight, healthy weight, or overweight combined (5.4%), χ2 = 4.46, p = 0.035. Discussion The results indicate that children with obesity are almost twice as likely to have a desaturation related to procedural sedation compared with children of other weight status. Providers should be aware that children with obesity may be more likely to desaturate than other children, and therefore be skilled at recognizing this.
The Feudal Unconscious: Capitalism and the Family Romance

A close reading of Freud's texts reveals that they make a surprising historical argument by virtue of their metaphors. The fantasy world of the family romance (primary process or the unconscious) a...
Glass-ceramics for nuclear-waste immobilization

Crystallization in glasses is usually considered to be a problem in the glass industry. However, controlled crystallization of glasses is an important prerequisite in the development of glass-ceramics with tailored useful properties. Similar boundary conditions apply when considering glass-ceramics for the immobilization of nuclear waste via vitrification. While uncontrolled crystallization in nuclear-waste glasses is problematic, chemically durable glass-ceramics with significantly high waste loadings can be produced with controlled crystallization of glasses. This article presents an overview of various aspects of nuclear-waste glasses where crystallization is either considered to be advantageous or problematic. The classification of glass-ceramic waste forms and strategies to design glass-ceramics for a given waste stream is discussed. Some open and relevant problems faced by researchers developing nuclear-waste glass-ceramics are also offered.
Behavioral Phenotyping and Pathological Indicators of Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans Models.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms that progressively worsen with age. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein in cells of the substantia nigra in the brain and loss of dopaminergic neurons. This pathology is associated with impaired movement and reduced cognitive function. The etiology of PD can be attributed to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. A popular animal model, the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, has been frequently used to study the role of genetic and environmental factors in the molecular pathology and behavioral phenotypes associated with PD. The current review summarizes cellular markers and behavioral phenotypes in transgenic and toxin-induced PD models of C. elegans.
Emulsion stability of sugar beet pectin fractions obtained by isopropanol fractionation

Abstract Protein rich (F1) and protein poor (F4) fractions of sugar beet pectin (SBP). Protein rich F1, protein poor F4, and control SBP were used to make oil-in-water emulsions with 0.5% or 1.5% SBP (F1_0.5, F1_1.5, F4_0.5, F4_1.5 or C_1.5) and 15% (medium chain triglyceride) MCT oil and emulsifying activity was determined. Changes in D[4,3], light microscopy and rheological parameters during storage at 32 °C for 10 days indicated that SBP fraction and concentration influenced emulsion stability. Emulsions prepared with 0.5% fraction F4_0.5, with lower protein and surface hydrophobicity, had a D[4,3] values less than 1 μm, which remained the same during storage. D[4,3] values of emulsions, prepared with the 1.5% fraction F1_1.5 with higher protein and surface hydrophobicity, increased from 1.42 to 2.09 μm at 10 d. Emulsions prepared with unfractionated control SBP were intermediate in particle size. Emulsions prepared with F4_1.5 and F1_0.5 had higher D[4,3] values of 3.45 and 4.18 μm after 10 d, respectively. There were no significant changes in viscosities of individual emulsions over 10 days. Emulsions were shear thinning or near Newtonian. Protein poor Fraction F4 with greater hydrophile/lipophile ratio formed more stable emulsions at 0.5%, but not at 1.5%, compared to protein rich Fraction F1 at 1.5%.
Abstract 15099: Acculturation and Lifestyle Risk Behaviors in Korean Immigrants: Mediating Effects of Acculturative Stress and Body Image Discrepancy

Introduction: Due to genetic predisposition and acculturation experiences, Korean immigrants (KIs) are vulnerable to developing obesity and cardiovascular complications. However, few studies have e...
On Elliptic K-curves

For any field K, a “K-curve” is an elliptic curve E defined over some finite separable extension of K such that every Galois conjugate of E is isogenous with E over a separable closure of K. A K-curve must either have complex multiplication (CM) or be isogenous to a collection of K-curves parametrized by a K-rational point on some modular curve X* (N). We give the first proof of this result, obtained in 1993 but not heretofore published. We also indicate some of the reasons for interest in K-curves, and in particular in Q-curves, and give some computational examples and open questions.
Examining the Relationships Among Motivational Factors and the Academic Achievement of Students Enrolled in a Comprehensive Agricultural Education Program

The purpose of the study was to examine the input factors and outcomes within the student motivational profile (SMP) that may affect the self-determination of students who elected to enroll in an agricultural education career academy was conducted. This study introduces the organismic socio-behavioral perspective (OSBP), which was developed to inform educational interventions on student motivation and engagement from a more holistic perspective. Among the 114 urban high school student respondents, those who reported having a choice in the decision to enroll in the comprehensive agriculture program were more likely to have self-determined types of academic motivation, academic satisfaction, and higher levels of perceived effort. Limitations within the SMP to measure moderate to strong associations with academic achievement were identified and recommendations on how to address these limitations were discussed. The study is intended to introduce a line of inquiry toward developing an inventory that identifies measurable factors that impact student engagement and achievement.
Machine Heuristic: When We Trust Computers More than Humans with Our Personal Information

In this day and age of identity theft, are we likely to trust machines more than humans for handling our personal information? We answer this question by invoking the concept of "machine heuristic," which is a rule of thumb that machines are more secure and trustworthy than humans. In an experiment (N = 160) that involved making airline reservations, users were more likely to reveal their credit card information to a machine agent than a human agent. We demonstrate that cues on the interface trigger the machine heuristic by showing that those with higher cognitive accessibility of the heuristic (i.e., stronger prior belief in the rule of thumb) were more likely than those with lower accessibility to disclose to a machine, but they did not differ in their disclosure to a human. These findings have implications for design of interface cues conveying machine vs. human sources of our online interactions.
Microsaccades for asynchronous feature extraction with spiking networks

While extracting spatial features from images has been studied for decades, extracting spatio-temporal features from event streams is still a young field of research. A particularity of event streams is that the same network architecture can be used for recognition of static objects or motions. However, it is not clear what features provide a good abstraction and in what scenario. In this paper, we evaluate the quality of the features of a spiking HMAX architecture by computing classification performance before and after each layer. We demonstrate the abstraction capability of classical edge features, as were found in the V1 area of the visual cortex, combined with fixational eye movements. Specifically, our performance on N-Caltech101 dataset outperforms previously reported $F_{1}$ score on Caltech101, with a similar architecture but without a STDP learning layer. However, we show that the same edge features do not manage to abstract motions observed with a static DVS from the DvsGesture dataset. Additionally, we show that liquid state machines are a promising computational model for the classification of DVS data with temporal dynamics. This paper is a step forward towards understanding and reproducing biological vision.
KMT2A-Rearranged Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Undergo ER-Stress-Induced Apoptosis Following Exposure to Proteasome Inhibitors

Infants diagnosed with KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2Ar) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a poor prognosis with an event free survival of 23-44%. To identify new treatment approaches we previously performed in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate the activity of FDA approved compounds in 15 primary KMT2Ar infant leukemia samples. Three classes of agents were found to be active in these assays: proteasome inhibitors, anthracyclines, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). KMT2Ar infant leukemia samples were exquisitely sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, requiring 10-100 fold less drug to achieve 50% toxicity when compared to non-KMT2Ar childhood ALL. Bortezomib is FDA approved for multiple myeloma and laboratory studies using this model system have previously demonstrated responses to be mediated through several mechanisms including NFKB inhibition, stabilization of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and perhaps most importantly the induction of an unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-induced apoptosis. To evaluate global protein dynamics in KMT2Ar ALL cells treated with bortezomib, we performed tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative mass spectrometry on synchronized SEM cells exposed to either 50nM of bortezomib or DMSO at 0 hours (hr), 6hr, 12hr, 16hr, and 20hr. Applying pairwise comparison for 9232 unique proteins measured over the time course compared to untreated controls, we identified 1593 proteins with a log2 fold change >1.5 in bortezomib treated cells compared to 101 proteins in the DMSO control (FDR While GADD34 has been shown to be the main phosphatase that functions in a negative feedback loop to resolve cell stress, recent data suggests that stabilization of CReP mRNA by ER stress is able to reverse eIF2α phosphorylation at later stages of UPR leading to re-expression of key UPR proteins. Further, p-eIF2α-attenuated protein synthesis, and not ATF4 mRNA translation has been shown to promote cell survival. Our data support a model whereby the UPR and ER-stress in KMT2Ar ALL cells is induced upon exposure to bortezomib leading to increased levels of ATF4 and CHOP. Attenuation of p-eIF2α by CReP further contributes to cell death through the recovery of protein synthesis in a setting of limited protein folding capacity. These results support the use of proteasome inhibitors in KMT2Ar leukemia which is currently being formally evaluated in a Phase II clinical trial for newly diagnosed patients with infant ALL (NCT02553460). Disclosures Gruber: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy.
Path-based system optimal dynamic traffic assignment: A subgradient approach

Abstract The system-optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SO-DTA) problem aims at solving for the time-dependent link and path flow of a network that yields the minimal total system cost, provided with the Origin-Destination (O-D) demand. The key to solving the path-based formulation of SO-DTA is to efficiently compute the path marginal cost (PMC). Existing studies implicitly assume that the total system cost (TC) is always differentiable with respect to the path flow when computing PMC. We show that the TC could be non-differentiable with respect to the link/path flow in some cases, especially when the flow is close or under the SO conditions. Overlooking this fact can lead to convergence failure or incorrect solutions while numerically solving the SO-DTA problem. In this paper we demonstrate when the TC would be indifferentiable and how to compute the subgradients, namely the lower and upper limit of path marginal costs. We examine the relations between the discontinuity of PMC and the SO conditions, develop PMC-based necessary conditions for SO solutions, and finally design heuristic solution algorithms for solving SO in general networks with multi-origin-multi-destination OD demands. Those algorithms are tested and compared to existing algorithms in four numerical experiments, two toy networks where we compare analytical solutions with numerical solutions, one small network and one sizable real-world network. We show that the proposed heuristic algorithms outperform existing ones, in terms of both the total TC, convergence, and the resultant path/link flow.
DNA glycosylase NEIL2 prevents Fusobacterium-mediated inflammation and DNA damage in colonic epithelial cells

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and deadly cancer. Approximately, 15-20 % of CRCs display microsatellite instability (MSI); however, the majority (80–85%) of cases are sporadic and known as microsatellite stable (MSS). Several recent studies indicated that infection and uncontrolled inflammation initiate DNA damage and lead to cancer progression. One of the major microbes, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is highly associated with CRC, but the role of DNA repair in microbe-associated CRC has been largely unknown. Here we show that NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylase, is significantly downregulated among all the key DNA repair proteins involved in various DNA repair pathways, after infection of Fn with stem-cell-based enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) of murine and human healthy subjects. Furthermore, following Fn infection, NEIL2-null mouse-derived EDMs showed significantly higher level of DNA damage, including double strand breaks, and inflammatory cytokines.. Murine CRC model also showed downregulation of the NEIL2 transcript and accumulation of DNA damage. Importantly, analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data showed that the downregulation of NEIL2 is specific for MSS compared to MSI CRCs. We thus conclude that the pathogenic bacterial infection-induced downregulation of NEIL2, and consequent accumulation of DNA damage, play critical roles in the progression of CRC.
Beyond the bench: how inclusion and exclusion make us the scientists we are

Recent events encompassing social injustices, healthcare disparities, and police brutality against Black citizens highlight the continued need to strive toward unbiased and inclusive practices in a...
Private Inequity: Private Markets and the Death of the Micro-Cap Stock

This paper examines the decline in publicly listed equities in the United States with respect to both the public and private markets. Public equities have halved in count in the U.S. between the mid-1990s and today, with a paucity of small stocks limiting access to high-growth opportunities for common investors. The paper finds that the decrease in listed equities is more likely to be attributable to a lack of new entrants via IPOs than it is to be due to increased de-listing activity via mergers and acquisitions, liquidations, and involuntary de-listing. Furthermore, this shift is shown to be driven by micro-cap stocks, which once drove initial public offering volume. The second half of the paper reviews the role of the private markets in abetting micro-caps’ abstention of the public markets, identifying growth in follow-on funding and secondary liquidity as potential factors for further analysis.
On Lipschitz implicit function theorems in Banach spaces and applications

Abstract This paper presents several Lipschitz implicit function theorems for maps between Banach spaces. The results use semi-inner products as a means for understanding the geometry of normed spaces. The arguments rely on corresponding geometric properties of operators on normed spaces, and on Ekeland's variational principle, in contrast with classic results such as the inverse function theorems of Nash and Moser and their use of Newton iteration procedures. The results are illustrated with an application to a central problem in mathematical economics, characterizing Lipschitz behavior of Pareto optimal allocations in a model of trade over an infinite horizon.
Theoretical study of the geometrical non-linearity of the elastic properties of helical springs

We give a detailed derivation of the equation describing the elastic properties of the helical springs in the case of their large deformations. It is shown that the Taylor expansion for the restoring force contains, in addition to a linear term, a term quadratic in the strain. We discuss the physical consequences of this term. A surprising example of this is that for large values of the initial pitch angle during compression of spring, there may be an interval of strain values, for which the differential stiffness becomes negative. The issues outlined in this article will be useful for instructors and advanced undergraduates who deal with modern elasticity theory.
Adhesion modelling by finite elements of three-dimensional fretting

Abstract This work builds a comprehensive adhesion model by finite elements (FEA) for a deformable hemisphere subject to fretting. The hemisphere is constrained between two rigid and frictionless plates as it is loaded in the normal direction and followed by prescribe oscillatory tangential motions. The material for the deformable hemisphere is gold (Au). The normal direction adhesion contact is based on the classic JKR model; however, the tangential resistance is based on the definition of the shear strength and the surface free energy. That is manifested into interfacial bilinear springs where detachment or reattachment of the two contacting surfaces occur when the springs “break” or “snap-back” at the interface. It is shown that the breakage of the springs may be gradual or avalanching. The tangential resistance effect is robust, that is, it is not influenced by the choice of meshing or the spring settings. When the two surfaces are about to detach, the most part of the contact region deforms plastically. At small fretting amplitudes (with no springs breakage), the fretting loop behaves similarly to that of full stick conditions. Hence, the von-Mises stress distributions, plastic strain distributions, and fretting loops, are similar to those of full stick condition. However, the current adhesion model is structurally less stiff because of the bilinear spring. Conversely, at a large oscillation amplitude, the fretting loop exhibits large energy losses, and yet it does not resemble those of gross slip conditions.
Melanoma Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

Skin cancer is a typical common cancer. Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is the most lethal form of skin cancer and responsible for 75% of skin cancer deaths, despite being the least common skin cancer. The best way to combat that is trying to identify it as early as possible and treat it with minor surgery. In this paper, I systematically study melanoma and notice that using deeper, wider and higher resolution convolutional neural networks can obtain better performance. Based on these observations, I propose an automated melanoma detection model by analysis of skin lesion images using EfficientNet-B6, which can capture more fine- grained features. The experimental evaluations on a large publicly available dataset ISIC 2020 Challenge Dataset, which is generated by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration and images of it are from several primary medical sources, have demonstrated state-of-the-art classification performance compared with prior popular melanoma classifiers on the same dataset.
Numerical Method for Particulate-Induced High-Speed Boundary-Layer Transition Simulations

A new numerical method to efficiently simulate particulate interactions with high-speed transitional boundary-layer flows is presented. A particulate solver, employing Crowe’s correlation, is used ...
Estimation of megacity growth: simple rules versus complex phenomena.

"The growth of large urban aggregates (megacities) is analogous to the development of self-organized structures known in physics. Using empirical data about changes in the built-up areas of different cities as input, the self-organizing model employed here suggests that megacities evolve towards a hierarchical form of spatial organization, and provides estimates of the size of subclusters that compose the urban aggregate.... The model has been validated by reproducing the evolution of the Berlin area over a period of 35 years (1910-45). Using the same assumptions, the evolution of the built-up area of Daegu (Korea) is simulated up to the year 2010."
Choice response time speeds of the slide and cross-over steps as used in volleyball.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between choice response time and three initial step techniques (slide, cross-over, and jab cross-over steps) for responding laterally in a controlled laboratory situation. Subjects for this research (N = 45) were male volunteers who expressed a preference for the right foot. The basic equipment used for measuring response time were two Dekan timing devices, and floor switch mats. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three orders of step presentation conditions. A 3 (Order)×3 (Step Technique)×2 (Response Direction)×5 (Days of Practice) factorial design with repeated measures over the last three factors was used. The results revealed that significant differences exist among the three step methods, with the slide step being the quickest of the three. The presence of an interaction between days and response direction suggests that superiority for responding right varies across days of practice.
Putting the IMPACT study into perspective: should CMV prophylaxis be extended to 6 months for high risk transplants?

Late onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, which has been recognized to occur following 3 months of CMV prophylaxis, especially among the high risk subset of CMV seronegative recipients (R–) of CMV seropositive donor (D+) organs, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality (1). The occurrence of late onset CMV disease has raised questions about the optimal duration of prophylaxis, especially in this high-risk group. The IMPACT study, published last year in the American Journal of Transplantation, was designed to answer the question if prolonging prophylaxis from 3 to 6 months would improve outcomes and reduce CMV disease (2). The data demonstrate a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in CMV disease from 36.8% to 16.1% up to 1 year posttransplant. The beneficial effects last for at least another 6 months following discontinuation of prophylaxis (2). The theory behind prolonged prophylaxis is that the transplant recipient may then be in a position in which immunosuppression can be reduced, thus allowing the recipient’s immune system to respond to infection when CMV reactivates.
Small-scale surface irrigation in Asia: Technologies, institutions and emerging issues

Despite the development of many large systems, small-scale irrigation still covers vast areas of Asia and often constitutes one-third to two-thirds of the entire irrigation sector. However, many Asian countries have rather poor records of small-scale systems both because of their number and dispersion, and because of their quite varied and sometimes rather disguised forms. Although the endurance of small systems over time is remarkable, they are under constant stress. The nature of the social and technical challenges that face small-scale irrigation systems today is examined through case studies of two very different types of small systems: hill irrigation and tank systems. The paper makes suggestions about new roles for the government vis-a-vis small irrigation systems.
Operators CC and [ C (4) B ] in the Interactive Unfoldings of EA 3 and EA −3

To realize the set of operations of the Level 3 Process Grammar (page 72), we need not only the Interactive Unfolding of EA3 but also its dual, the Interactive Unfolding of EA-3, which is obtained by inverting the functions. The Level 3 Process Grammar operations are not only distributed across these two Interactive Unfoldings, but inter-relate these two Interactive Unfoldings in interesting ways, as we shall see. To help guide the reader through the following sections, we first note this:
Microcomputer Architecture and Programming: The 68000 Family

Introduction to Computers and Programming. The Programming Language Pascal. Data Structures in Pascal Programs. Number Systems and Arithmetic. Basic Computer Organization. Assembly Language Programming. Addressing. Operations. Subroutines and Parameters. Input/Output. Interrupts and Direct Memory Access. Processes and Concurrency. Program Development. Advanced 68000-Family Processors. An Evolved Architecture: The Intel 80x86 Family. References. Exercises. Index.