cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Role of Meaning in the L2 Classroom: A Cognitive Linguistics Perspective

From the Cognitive Linguistics (CL) stance, language is a dynamic interplay of complex subsystems composed of symbolic units, and meaning is the driving force behind form. Meaning arises from our physical experience (i.e., embodied cognition), and interacts with culture-specific ways of conceptualizing entities and events through language. As a usage-based model of language acquisition, CL has made significant contributions to second language (L2) pedagogy. Some of these contributions will be briefly discussed below to shed light on how CL research in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has extended to Instructed SLA.
The HPRT Gene as a Model System for Mutation Analysis

There is now very convincing evidence drawn from many different fields of study to support the hypothesis that carcinogenesis is a multistep process, and that mutations are causally involved in bringing about the changes required for a normal cell to become a malignant cell. (For review see McCormick and Maher, 1994). This understanding has served as our working hypothesis as we investigated the ability of physical or chemical carcinogenic agents to induce mutations in diploid human cells in culture and examined the effect of various DNA repair processes on such mutagenesis. We began by developing methods for culturing diploid human fibroblasts in culture and achieving high cloning efficiencies, using normal DNA repair-proficient fibroblasts, but also cells deficient in one or other DNA repair process, such as nucleotide excision repair derived from patients with genetic predispositions to develop cancer (Maher et al., 1975, 1976). Once cloning efficiencies of 30 to 80% had been achieved, we developed methods to quantify the induction of mutations in the endogenous gene coding for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) (McCormick and Maher, 1981; Maher et al., 1977, 1979) or diphtheria toxin resistance (Drinkwater et al., 1982), and later for mutations induced in a bacterial gene, supF, when carcinogen-treated plasmids are allowed to replicate in human cells (Boldt et al., 1991; Mah et al., 1989, 1991; Yang et al., 1987, 1988). Albertini and his colleagues (O’Neill et al, 1990a,b; Albertini, 1985; Albertini et al., 1982) developed techniques to allow similar studies of mutations in the HPRT gene of diploid human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.
Differentiating Skin Rash After Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft Versus Host Disease, Cutaneous Reactions to Drugs and Viral Exanthema

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, a life-saving therapeutic option for some patients with malignant and non-malignant disease, may be complicated by a variety of cutaneous and systemic sequelae. Dermatologists are an integral part of the multidisciplinary effort involved in the care of stem cell transplant patients, as skin tissue may be the initial, and/or only, site of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Consequently, prompt diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous eruptions in the early post-transplant period may contribute to a reduction in morbidity and mortality. An important confounding issue is the clinical and histopathologic overlap of features among common cutaneous eruptions in stem cell transplant patients, with particular difficulties associated with differentiating GVHD from both cutaneous reactions to drugs (CRDs) as well as viral exanthema, including viral reactivation. We review challenges in the initial diagnosis of cutaneous eruptions following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and provide an update on approaches to the differential diagnosis for GVHD, CRDs, and viral exanthema.
Articulated Robot Motion for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (ARM-SLAM)

A robot with a hand-mounted depth sensor scans a scene. When the robot's joint angles are not known with certainty, how can it best reconstruct the scene? In this work, we simultaneously estimate the joint angles of the robot and reconstruct a dense volumetric model of the scene. In this way, we perform simultaneous localization and mapping in the configuration space of the robot, rather than in the pose space of the camera. We show using simulations and robot experiments that our approach greatly reduces both 3D reconstruction error and joint angle error over simply using the forward kinematics. Unlike other approaches, ours directly reasons about robot joint angles, and can use these to constrain the pose of the sensor. Because of this, it is more robust to missing or ambiguous depth data than approaches that are unconstrained by the robot's kinematics.
Agrarian society in history : essays in honour of Magnus Mörner

In celebration of the life's work of modern historian Magnus M^D^D>"Orner of Gothenburg University, this collection of essays reviews the life of the rural peasant from all sides, with contributions from historians, anthropologists, economists and political scientists. Considering the changing circumstances of the peasant and the effects that the peasantry has had on economic development through industrialization and beyond, this work looks at the global picture with new research data and analysis from Europe, Latin America, Africa and South-East Asia.
Description of a New Record Species of Whales from Chinese Coastal Waters

The paper deals with a new record species of the genus Balaenoptera from Yuhuan County,Zhejiang provirke,China.This new record species is similar to Balaenoptera physalus(Linnaeus, 1758) and Balaenoptera borealis(Lesson,1828) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata(Lacepede,1804) and Balaenoptera brydei(Olsen,1913).The specimen was collected from casst of Zhejiang,China(28°05′N,121°18′E),and has elongate body in shape and sharp fore head. Colour of subjaw is not symmetry,grayish black on left side,grayish white on righ side,Vantral pleats 74,extending to umbilical scar.Inside its mouth,there are 246 baleen plates,with black left baleen plates.Yellowish marks are observed on the right side of front section of baleen plates,black on the flippers above surface,and white on the flippers undersurface.Side of the flippers are grayish white.The specimen are deposited in Zhejiang Museum of Natural History,Hangzhou,China.
Environmental influences on services for and mental health of incarcerated populations: A review:

There has been growing concern about the quality of health services, including mental health services, within the world’s and prisons. The purpose of the current qualitative interpretive meta-synth...
Experimental application of reinforcement principles to the analysis and treatment of hospitalized alcoholics.

As a pilot project to demonstrate that reinforcement techniques can be applied to change the behavior of alcoholics, a simulated “real world” economy was established in the Richmond State Hospital,...
Teaching Tools to Improve the Development of Empathy in Service-Learning Students

Students participating in service-learning classes experience many benefits, including cognitive development, personal growth, and civic engagement. Student development of empathy is an understudied area, especially with respect to how students develop empathy through interactions in their service-learning placements.?This article describes a project designed to pilot teaching tools (e.g., self-assessment, reflective writing) related to empathy development in 12 undergraduate students. This study examined changes in level of student empathy across the semester, critical incidents linked to such changes, factors that enhanced or challenged empathy development, and student metacognition related to empathy. Findings suggest that certain experiences, such as observing the emotional experiences of others or being given more responsibility at a community site, might prompt changes in level of empathy for service-learning students. Strategies for integrating findings from this pilot project into other service-learning courses and future directions for empathy research are also described.
The “Faded Flowers” and the Concentration Camps of the Anglo-Boer War

In this chapter, I provide readers with an argumentative, critical genealogical analysis of transatlantic debates that took place as arguers deliberated about the civilians who were moved into “refugee,” “burgher,” “concentration,” or “internment,” camps during the South African (or Anglo-Boer War) fought between 1900 and 1902.3 Somewhere between 42,000 and 50,000 people may have died in the Boer and African camps during this conflict4 and, as I note below, at various times, the Boer commandos in the field, the British commanders-in-chief (Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener), the pro-Boers, the Boer women, and the black Africans (”Kaffirs”)5 were all considered to be culpable parties whose actions led to the formation of the camps. In the same ways that Cuban revolutionaries and Spanish imperialists blamed each other for the horrors of “Weyler’s” camps, the participants in the Boer conflicts were equally convinced that their enemies needed to shoulder the responsibility for the loss of life in the South African camps.
Interventional neurovascular treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms

Interventional neurovascular treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms is now being performed in selected cases utilizing detachable balloons, microcoils, and electrolytic detachable coils. Of the 321 cases treated by interventional techniques by our group, 95 (29.6%) were giant aneurysms, > 2.5 cm in diameter. In 74 cases, the aneurysm was on the anterior circulation, and in 21 involved the posterior circulation. The patients presented with mass effect in 81 cases (85.3%), subarachnoid hemorrhage in 11 (11.6%), and thromboemboli in 3 (3.1 %). In 64 cases (67.4%), the aneurysm was treated by parent vessel occlusion, and in 31 (32.6%), direct treatment of the aneurysm with preservation of the parent artery was attained. Complications related to treatment included 11 cases (11.6%) of stroke, transient cerebral ischemia in 6 (6.3%), and 9 deaths (9.5%). Treating giant intracranial aneurysm is technically feasible by interventional techniques. Continued advances in endovascular therapy should expand the indications and decrease associated morbidity.
The Value of Interactive Assignments in the Online Learning Environment

The offerings of Web-based supplemental material for textbooks have been increasingly growing. When deciding to adopt a textbook, instructors examine the added value of the associated supplements, also called e-learning tools, to enhance students’ learning of course concepts. In this study, one such supplement, interactive assignments, is examined from students’ perspective. Two steams of literature, information technology and communication, provide the foundation to understanding students’ evaluation of the interactive assignments. The results of the study indicate that the motivational theory of uses and gratification contributes significantly to our understanding of students’ perceived value of, attitude toward, and satisfaction from completing e-learning assignments. Also contributing to our understanding are the concepts of results demonstrability and conformation of expectation, which have been adopted from the literature related to the technology acceptance model. Implications for publishers and in...
When Is a Solution Not a Solution? Wicked Problems, Hybrid Solutions, and the Rhetoric of Civic Entrepreneurship:

This article examines the ongoing development of +POOL, a recreational pool, filtration system, and floating laboratory, to better understand the rhetorical work involved in civic entrepreneurship....
The Efficiency of Endowments

This study argues that endowments can be efficient, both for a finite-lived and infinitely-lived agent. When the lost utility from forgone consumption is less than the discounted utility brought by the cash flows paid throughout the endowment, endowments are utility enhancing. Given that this can be utility enhancing for a finite-lived person, it can also be utility enhancing for an infinitely-lived agent, such as a university. Given the recent political push to force well endowed universities to spend down their endowments, displaying how an endowment’s use can be an efficient is important for policy-makers.
Protein timing during the day and its relevance for muscle strength and lean mass

Summary Protein consumption and its association with changes in body composition, muscle function and different strategies to optimize the muscle protein synthetic response have received considerable attention. However, we are not aware of any epidemiological study examining the time-of-day consumption (afternoon versus evening) of protein on strength and lean mass. The purpose was to examine the associations between afternoon and evening protein consumption, at different protein thresholds (i.e. 15, 20, 25 and 30 g), in relation to leg lean mass and knee extensor strength in men. Dietary protein consumption was assessed using 24-h dietary interview format. Knee extensor strength was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Leg lean mass was estimated from whole-body DXA scans. Participants who consumed 20 g, 25 g and 30 g of protein in the evening had greater leg lean mass than those who consumed protein in the afternoon (P 0·05). For strength, there were no differences between evening and afternoon consumption of protein for 15 g, 20 g or 25 g (P>0·05); however, those consuming at least 30 g of protein in the evening had greater knee extensor strength compared to those consuming similar amounts in the afternoon (P = 0·05). These findings suggest that evening protein consumption is associated with greater leg lean mass and knee extensor strength when compared to afternoon protein consumption. Based on these findings, we cautiously hypothesize that there may be a circadian rhythm in muscle protein metabolism.
Cardiac safety of non-anthracycline trastuzumab-based therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer

Trastuzumab improves overall survival for women with HER2-positive breast cancer but is associated with cardiotoxicity, especially when administered after anthracyclines. Use of non-anthracycline trastuzumab-based regimens is rising, particularly for patients with low-risk disease or with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to assess the cardiac safety of trastuzumab without anthracyclines outside of a clinical trial setting. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer receiving non-anthracycline trastuzumab-based therapy between January 2010 and June 2014. Cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and treatment interruption data were collected. The primary outcome was a cardiac event (CE), defined by New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure or cardiac death. The secondary outcome was a significant asymptomatic decline of LVEF (>10% to 16% from baseline). A total of 165 patients were identified with a median age of 59 years (range 32–85 years). Seventy (42%) had hypertension, 52 (32%) had hyperlipidemia, 29 (18%) had diabetes, and 5 (3%) had coronary artery disease. All patients had a LVEF >50% (median 67%; range 50–80%) at baseline. Two (1.2%) patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors developed a CE. After discontinuation of trastuzumab, both patients had recovery of LVEF to >50% and resolution of heart failure symptoms. Ten (6.1%) patients developed significant asymptomatic LVEF decline during trastuzumab therapy. The overall incidence of symptomatic heart failure and asymptomatic LVEF decline among patients receiving trastuzumab without anthracyclines remains low. These findings suggest that less intensive cardiac monitoring may be appropriate during trastuzumab therapy without anthracyclines.
Multifluid Magnetohydrodynamics and Star Formation

The theoretical description of the isothermal phases of star formation (densities ≲ 1010 cm−3) in magnetically supported molecular clouds is reviewed and the main results are summarized. A modern theory of (self-initiated) protostar formation is described, properly accounting for ambipolar diffusion and magnetic braking. The role of interstellar grains both in determining the degree of ionization and in transmitting the magnetic forces to the predominantly neutral matter (H2 and He) in molecular clouds through grain-neutral collisions is explained physically and accounted for in the five-fluid MHD equations. Criteria for direct as well as indirect attachment of charged particles to the magnetic field are obtained and explained physically. Results of analytical calculations and numerical simulations on the formation and contraction of protostellar fragments (or cores), including consequences of nonlinear hydromagnetic waves, are discussed and compared with observations. Excellent quantitative agreement is found. New, testable predictions are made.
Imaging Protein Interactions in Living Cells Using the Fluorescent Proteins

Over the past decade, the visible fluorescent proteins (VFPs) have become an essential tool for the study of cell biology and physiology. The goal of this chapter is to describe the characteristics of the FPs and discuss the limits of their use as probes for noninvasive imaging of protein behavior in living cells. We also described live-cell imaging techniques used to monitor the subcellular dynamics and interactions of proteins in living cells. We then focused on the method of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy to quantify the interactions of proteins inside living cells and consider some of the factors that limit this approach.
Mirror neurons, procedural learning, and the positive new experience: a developmental systems self psychology approach.

In summary, we are impressed with the existence of a mirror neuron system in the prefrontal cortex that serves as part of a complex neural network, including afferent and efferent connections to the limbic system, in particular the amygdala, in addition to the premotor and motor cortex. We think it is possible to arrive at an integration that postulates the mirror neuron system and its many types of associated multimodal neurons as contributing significantly to implicit procedural learning, a process that underlies a range of complex nonconscious, unconscious, preconscious and conscious cognitive activities, from playing musical instruments to character formation and traumatic configurations. This type of brain circuitry may establish an external coherence with developmental systems self psychology which implies that positive new experience is meliorative and that the intentional revival of old-old traumatic relational configurations might enhance maladaptive procedural patterns that would lead to the opposite of the intended beneficial change. When analysts revive traumatic transference patterns for the purpose of clarification and interpretation, they may fail to appreciate that such traumatic transference patterns make interpretation ineffective because, as we have stated above, the patient lacks self-reflection under such traumatic conditions. The continued plasticity and immediacy of the mirror neuron system can contribute to positive new experiences that promote the formation of new, adaptive, implicit-procedural patterns. Perhaps this broadened repertoire in the patient of ways of understanding interrelational events through the psychoanalytic process allows the less adaptive patterns ultimately to become vestigial and the newer, more adaptive patterns to emerge as dominant. Finally, as we have stated, we believe that the intentional transferential revival of trauma (i.e., the old-old relational configuration) may not contribute to therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the revival of trauma in the old-new configuration (i.e., in the presence of a helpful other who can reduce anxiety and foster eventual positive new experience) can be beneficial, as trauma research has demonstrated. This is the process that promotes new implicit-procedural learning, new-new relational configurations, and a richer understanding of the self narrative.
On the mechanism of plasma membrane turnover in the salt gland of ducklings. Implications from DNA content, rates of DNA synthesis, and sites of DNA synthesis during the osmotic stressing and destressing cycle.

This study provides information on the rates of DNA synthesis, sites of DNA synthesis, and DNA content of the avian salt gland during the osmoticstressing (plasma membrane synthesis) and destressing (plasma membrane turnover) cycle, in an effort to better understand the relationship of cell turnover to the initial events in plasma membrane amplification, differentiation, and turnover. The rate of DNA synthesis increases 12–24 h after the onset of osmotic stress, is maximal at about 24 h of osmotic stress, and decreases thereafter in fully stressed and destressed glands. The maximum DNA and protein content, and the maximum protein/DNA ratio are obtained after about 3 days of stress. Autoradiograms show that at 24 h of stress 70–80% of DNA synthesis occurs in connective tissue cells and 20–30% in parenchymal cells, but by 6 days of stress, synthesis occurs about equally in these cell groups. Because destressing is characterized by a large decrease in plasma membrane and in glandular protein, but by little DNA turnover or loss, the loss of plasma membrane is likely due to some type of cell dedifferentiation rather than cell turnover.
CHAPTER 12 – Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors

A predictive approach using fractal analysis of the binding of analyte in solution to a receptor immobilized on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor surface provides a quantitative indication of the state of disorder and the binding-rate coefficient on the surface. In addition, fractal dimensions for the dissociation step and dissociation-rate coefficients are also presented in the chapter. This provides a more complete picture of the analyte–receptor reactions occurring on the SPR surface than does an analysis of the binding step alone. The fractal dimension value provides a quantitative measure of the degree of heterogeneity that exists on the SPR surface for the analyte–receptor systems analyzed. The degree of heterogeneity for the binding and the dissociation phases is different for the same reaction. This indicates that the same surface exhibits different degrees of heterogeneity for the binding and the dissociation reaction. Examples are examined in the chapter where either a single-or a dual-fractal analysis is required to describe the binding kinetics.
Capitalizing on a wealth of spatial information: Improving biogeographic regionalization through the use of spatial clustering

Abstract Biogeographic regionalization, the categorization of geographical areas on the basis of their biotas, provides a valuable approach for understanding biogeographical and ecological patterns and processes and serves as a valuable tool in conservation management practices. Contemporary, quantitative approaches for delineating and mapping biogeographic regions that make use of increasingly available species occurrence data have typically been conducted using clustering methods that do not consider spatial information of sample sites during the aggregation processes. This shortcoming has led to challenges in identifying spatial patterns and interpreting the underlying ecological factors responsible for these patterns. To address the shortcomings of non-spatial clustering methods and to highlight the value of utilizing spatial information during regionalization, we conducted biogeographic regionalization on a dataset of observed mammalian species locations in Angola using a non-spatial clustering method (Ward's clustering) and a spatial clustering method (Regionalization with Dynamically Constrained Agglomerative Clustering and Partitioning). When compared to results from the non-spatial method, biogeographic regions delineated by the spatial clustering method were more closely associated with distinct climatic conditions, had greater concurrence to accepted ecoregions, and were more strongly associated with species assemblages within these regions. We argue that the spatial clustering method makes regions more meaningful and interpretable; as a result, biogeographic regions identified by our approach could facilitate prioritizing conservation plans, developing natural resources management strategies, and reducing data complexity for spatial representation and ecological interpretation of species distribution.
What makes us busy? Predictors of perceived busyness across the adult lifespan.

AbstractBusier people tend to perform better on cognitive tasks than less busy individuals. Nevertheless, the characteristics that are associated with greater perceived busyness are unknown. To address this question participants (N = 463) from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (ages 20–89) completed a self-report busyness assessment and demographic, health, personality, and lifestyle measures. Results revealed that perceived busyness peaked in 30-year-olds, showed age-related decreases until age 60, and then remained stable. Moreover, women generally reported being busier than men. Analysis of age by gender interactions revealed that men exhibited a significant cubic age effect for busyness, whereas women did not. Overall, younger age, female gender, agreeableness, neuroticism, frequent participation in novel activities, and enjoyment of cognitive processing were independently associated with being busier, and the characteristics related to busyness were generally stable across age. Notably, participation i...
On DNSSEC Negative Responses, Lies, and Zone Size Detection

The Domain Name System (DNS) Security Extensions (DNSSEC) introduced additional DNS records (NSEC or NSEC3 records) into negative DNS responses, which records can prove there is no translation for a queried domain name. We introduce a novel technique to estimate the size of a DNS zone by analyzing the NSEC3 records returned by only a small number of DNS queries issued. We survey the prevalence of the deployment of different variants of DNSSEC negative responses across a large set of DNSSEC-signed zones in the wild, and identify over 50% as applicable to our measurement technique. Of the applicable zones, we show that 99% are composed of fewer than 40 names.
Synthesis of anilino-monoindolylmaleimides as potent and selective PKCβ inhibitors

Abstract We report herein synthesis of PKCβ-selective inhibitors possessing the novel pharmacophore of anilino-monoindolylmaleimide. Several compounds of this series exhibited IC50’s as low as 50 nM against human PKCβ2. One of the most potent compounds, 6l, inhibited PKCβ1 and PKCβ2 with IC50 of 21 and 5 nM, respectively, and exhibited selectivity of more than 60-fold in favor of PKCβ2 relative to other PKC isozymes (PKCα, PKCγ, and PKCe).
Blue-light cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging in bladder cancer management

Despite the high resolution of modern imaging technology including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, cystoscopy remains the gold standard method for detecting bladder cancer. Cystoscopy is conventionally conducted with white light visualization, and the pitfalls of white light cystoscopy are well-recognized. Novel technologies to enhance visualization of bladder lesion have emerged during the past 20 years. Among them, blue-light cystoscopy (BLC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) are the most promising and well-studied. Many clinical trials have suggested the benefit of these two technologies. In this review, we aim to summarize the data, evidence, and current role of BLC and NBI in clinical practice.
Why matrix manipulation should be done in C

We show here how the technique of overloaded function call in C++ may be used in making matrix manipulations easier to understand, even when these involve specialized matrix representations. Such representations include sparse matrices, packed Boolean matrices, tridiagonal matrices, and arrays of pointers to arrays; and these may start with m00 or with m11. In all these cases, we may use the notation m (i, j) (with parentheses, not square brackets) to denote mij The overloaded function call is available in C++ and in no other language, and this is why matrix manipulation should be done in C++. In many cases an auxiliary construction, that of the reference class, is necessary in order to allow matrix elements to be changed as well as used.
APPENDIX C – Research Studies in Patterns of Scientific Communication: I, General Description of Research Program

This article is the first in a series which describes the general procedures and some findings of over 70 studies which we conducted from 1966 to 1971 on the information-exchange activities of over 12,000 scientists and engineers in a sample of nine physical, social and engineering sciences. We designed the studies so that (1) the full spectrum of scientific communication media could be explored, (b) the various studies were coupled in order that data obtained from one study could be directly related to those obtained from other studies, (c) the scheduling of the studies was conducted in real time in order that the same body of information could be followed from its inception to its final integration into the general body of scientific knowledge, and (d) the same studies were conducted for all nine disciplines being studied in order that genuine comparisons could be made among them. The data are now stored on machine-readable magnetic tapes and will be made available to scholars in the field of information science.
Did 272 billion dollars from China help stabilize business cycle fluctuations in recipient countries

Why are foreign official flows mostly procyclical when countercyclical flows would raise welfare in recipient countries without added costs to donors? The prevalent set of explanations relies on the behavior of donor countries, as they are the ones who decide the timing of their official flows. The present study tests this by considering Chinese official flows, which are known to be demand driven. We examine the business cycle characteristics of China's official financing in the form of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and less concessional Other Official Flows (OOF) to developing countries and compare it to the business cycle characteristics of bilateral and multilateral aid commitments from traditional donors. Using data on China's official finance commitments over the period 2000 to 2014, we find that both China's ODA and OOF commitments are mostly acyclical with respect to recipients' output fluctuations and procyclical with respect to their fiscal revenue. We conclude that official flows fail to be countercyclical even when recipient countries are in the driver's seat.
HIPEC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking is associated with development of platinum-refractory or -resistant disease.

Abstract Objective To describe our single-institution oncologic outcomes of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Methods We compared clinicopathologic information and outcomes for all patients with advanced stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer who received NACT and IDS with (N = 20) or without (N = 48) HIPEC at our institution from 2010 to 2019 Results Mean age (62 years with HIPEC and 60 years without HIPEC) and proportion of stage 4 disease (40% for both) did not differ between cohorts. HIPEC patients had higher rates of complete cytoreduction (95% vs 50%), longer mean duration of surgery (530 vs. 216 min), more grade 3 or 4 postoperative complications (65% vs. 4%), and longer mean length of hospital stay (8 vs. 5 days). HIPEC patients had significantly higher risk for platinum-refractory progression or platinum-resistance recurrence (50% vs 23%; RR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.11, 4.30, p = 0.024). Median progression free survival (11.5 vs. 12 months) and all-cause mortality (19.1 vs. 30.5 months) in the HIPEC and non-HIPEC cohorts, respectively, did not differ Conclusions HIPEC was associated with increased risk for platinum refractory or resistant disease. Higher surgical complexity may contribute to higher complication rates without improving oncologic outcomes in our patients. Further investigations and long-term follow-up are needed to assess the utility of HIPEC in primary treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer
Reasonable Expectations: A Reply to Elmendorf and Shanske 2018

As educational researchers, we agree wholeheartedly with the thrust of the argument laid out by Elmendorf and Shanske: good data on public education in America is too hard to come by, and access to more and better data can help us answer questions that are central to improving education and securing the educational rights of all children. That said, as education researchers, we also recognize the very real limits on the kind of answers that school data — and educational research — can provide. In this reply, we elaborate on this view and try to articulate what we see as the key contributions and remaining challenges of Elmendorf and Shanske’s proposal. Part I highlights the historical importance and intractability of the problem Elmendorf and Shanske hope to solve. Part II considers the current state of the “causal revolution” in education research in order to highlight the kind of progress that can be made and the issues likely to remain out of reach despite the considerable data, methodological, and computational advances of the last decade. Finally, moving beyond an abstract consideration of the potential of better data, Part III considers Elmendorf and Shanske’s proposal in the context of a case — Williams v California — that likewise sought to secure educational rights by requiring the state to produce data on the availability of school resources.
Thermoelectric insulation for cold temperature vaccine storage

Some of the current vaccines have shown the need to have an infrastructure for cold vaccine storage and distribution. This represents a major logistic challenge for developed countries and a major limitation for underdeveloped ones. This paper proposes the use of thermoelectric devices in the insulation of the boxes being considered for distribution of vaccines with storage requirements near 203 K. We present some initial design considerations and propose a method of use in conjunction with a conventional refrigeration to improve the ability of the box insulation active and passive strategies to maintain the desired storage temperatures.
Attitude determination and parameter estimation using vector observations - Theory

Procedures for attitude determination based on Wahba's loss function are generalized to include the estimation of parameters other than the attitude, such as sensor biases. Optimization with respect to the attitude is carried out using the q-method, which does not require an a priori estimate of the attitude. Optimization with respect to the other parameters employs an iterative approach, which does require an a priori estimate of these parameters. Conventional state estimation methods require a priori estimates of both the parameters and the attitude, while the algorithm presented in this paper always computes the exact optimal attitude for given values of the parameters. Expressions for the covariance of the attitude and parameter estimates are derived.
Microglia as hackers of the matrix: sculpting synapses and the extracellular space

Microglia shape the synaptic environment in health and disease, but synapses do not exist in a vacuum. Instead, pre- and postsynaptic terminals are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), which together with glia comprise the four elements of the contemporary tetrapartite synapse model. While research in this area is still just beginning, accumulating evidence points toward a novel role for microglia in regulating the ECM during normal brain homeostasis, and such processes may, in turn, become dysfunctional in disease. As it relates to synapses, microglia are reported to modify the perisynaptic matrix, which is the diffuse matrix that surrounds dendritic and axonal terminals, as well as perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized reticular formations of compact ECM that enwrap neuronal subsets and stabilize proximal synapses. The interconnected relationship between synapses and the ECM in which they are embedded suggests that alterations in one structure necessarily affect the dynamics of the other, and microglia may need to sculpt the matrix to modify the synapses within. Here, we provide an overview of the microglial regulation of synapses, perisynaptic matrix, and PNNs, propose candidate mechanisms by which these structures may be modified, and present the implications of such modifications in normal brain homeostasis and in disease.
Global justice and race

Theories of global justice have primarily eschewed race as foundational in the contemporary structures of global inequality, poverty, and violence. A lack of will to theorize global white supremacy contributed to the obfuscation of race as a persistent organizing idea of the global order. Yet, there is a long history of critical scholarship in political theory and international relations that responds to such silences. This article argues that global justice is inherently a racialized discourse, and the architecture of international law and justice is entrenched in and perpetuates racialized hierarchies of humanity. Beyond the theoretical debates too, current critical scholarship engages the architecture of the international justice system and its attendant liberal cosmopolitanism, which rests primarily on legal institutions, that operate in a racialized superstructure.
A review of deep learning methods for MRI reconstruction.

Following the success of deep learning in a wide range of applications, neural network-based machine-learning techniques have received significant interest for accelerating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition and reconstruction strategies. A number of ideas inspired by deep learning techniques for computer vision and image processing have been successfully applied to nonlinear image reconstruction in the spirit of compressed sensing for accelerated MRI. Given the rapidly growing nature of the field, it is imperative to consolidate and summarize the large number of deep learning methods that have been reported in the literature, to obtain a better understanding of the field in general. This article provides an overview of the recent developments in neural-network based approaches that have been proposed specifically for improving parallel imaging. A general background and introduction to parallel MRI is also given from a classical view of k-space based reconstruction methods. Image domain based techniques that introduce improved regularizers are covered along with k-space based methods which focus on better interpolation strategies using neural networks. While the field is rapidly evolving with thousands of papers published each year, in this review, we attempt to cover broad categories of methods that have shown good performance on publicly available data sets. Limitations and open problems are also discussed and recent efforts for producing open data sets and benchmarks for the community are examined.
Generation Nationalism and Generation Asylum: Eritrean Migrants, the Global Diaspora, and the Transnational Nation-State

This article examines two major groups of migrants from the Horn of Africa nation of Eritrea that I call “Generation Nationalism” and “Generation Asylum.” Steeped in different historical and politi...
Improving the Efficiency of a Decentralized Tasking Algorithm for UAV Teams with Asynchronous Communications

This work presents a decentralized task allocation algorithm for networked agents communicating through an asynchronous channel. The algorithm extends the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) to account for more realistic asynchronous communication protocols. Direct implementation of CBBA into such an asynchronous setting requires agents to frequently broadcast their information states, which would cause signicant communication overow. In contrast, the extension proposed in this paper, named Asynchronous CBBA (ACBBA), minimizes communication load while preserving the convergence properties. ACBBA applies a new set of local deconiction rules that do not require access to the global in
Effect of Synovex Choice Implant on Performance and Carcass Traits of Steer Calves

and Implications A study was conducted at the Iowa State University Armstrong Research Farm to evaluate two intermediate dosage, combination implant systems. Two of four pens were implanted with Synovex Choice on day one and reimplanted on day 86 in the feedlot (Choice/Choice). The remaining two pens were implanted with Synovex-S on day one and reimplanted with Revalor-IS on day 86 (Syn/Rev). Steers were stepped up to a .60 Mcal/lb of DM finishing diet, and harvested in one of two groups based on real-time ultrasound evaluation. Total days on on feed were 166 for the Choice/Choice cattle and 164 days on feed for the Syn/Rev cattle. All cattle performed very well averaging 3.74 lb per day gain on less than 6 lb. of dry matter per lb. of gain. Carcass quality was high for both treatments, averaging nearly 90% USDA Choice. There were no differences between the implant treatments in feedlot performance or carcass measurements, other than percent rib fat. Cattle implanted with Syn/Rev had a slightly higher percent rib fat than the Choice/Choice cattle. This is consistent with a trend towards more carcass fatness for the Syn/Rev cattle in this study. Overall, it was determined that the two implant treatments yield similar performance and carcass effects in high quality steer calves.
Dynamic Compaction of SiC Powder

Dynamic compaction techniques have considerable potential in the consolidation and fabrication of hard-to-densify powder materials such as non-oxide ceramic materials. Consolidation of the powder materials by this technique involves the densification of the powder at the shock wave front followed by interparticle bonding which occurs during the shock-compression process. In the dynamic compaction of a porous material, most of the energy of shock compression has been assumed to be deposited at the surfaces of the particles (1, 2) due to the heterogeneous deformation of material during shock loading (3). This preferential energy deposition, in some cases, allows the particle surfaces to melt and results in interparticle bonding.
French Nuclear Power: A Model for the World?

In today’s scramble to secure renewable sources of energy that will both reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sustain energy needs throughout the 21st century and beyond, developed and developing countries alike are pursuing a wide array of options. In this paper, I analyze the costs and benefits of nuclear energy by examining France’s putatively successful nuclear industry, which many leaders in the U.S. have recently cited as an energy model to follow. Yet can the French model be realistically followed in other parts of the world, namely in the U.S.? In an effort to challenge the myth of nuclear energy as an energy panacea for the U.S.—which can be seen as a proxy for other countries considering nuclear energy—in the 21st century, I examine the unique cultural and political climate that fostered nuclear energy in France. An illustration of France’s distinct political institutions, cultural inclinations, and minimal access to natural resources facilitates this process. These findings lead to the conclusion that the positive economic benefits accrued from the French government’s unilateral adoption of nuclear power have overshadowed its negative aspects— specifically, the problem of waste disposal and the industry’s vulnerability to water supply stability—and thus distorted its potential to help or hinder France and the world.
Purification and Properties of the Wild Type and a Feedback-resistant Phosphoribosyladenosine Triphosphate PYROPHOSPHATE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE, THE FIRST ENZYME OF HISTIDINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

Abstract A purification procedure has been devised for phosphoribosyltransferase, the l-histidine-sensitive first enzyme in the pathway for histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium. The procedure was applied to a wild type and a feedback-resistant strain. The enzymes from both strains appeared nearly homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzymes had similar sedimentation coefficients in the ultracentrifuge and similar mobilities on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Tryptic peptide maps of the two enzymes could not be distinguished. The wild type enzyme gave regular Michaelis-Menten kinetics but initial velocity analysis at a constant optimal magnesium to ATP ratio (2:1) gave nonparallel lines on double reciprocal plots. l-Histidine was an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, while it was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ATP. The curves for l-histidine and l-thiazolealanine inhibition were sigmoid in shape, and conversion to Hill plots gave straight lines with slopes of 1.6 and 1.8, respectively. Inhibition by both effectors was pH-dependent. The reverse reaction was also inhibited by l-histidine. A difference spectrum of the wild type enzyme showed a striking increase in absorbance at 280 mµ upon the addition of l-histidine, whereas that of the feedback-resistant enzyme remained constant following the addition of l-histidine.
Candidal Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Review of Their Diagnosis and Management

Despite its prevalence, the significance of candiduria remains uncertain. The pathogenesis of candidal urinary tract infections has been relatively well characterized and many risk factors have been identified. The disorders lack consistent diagnostic criteria, however, such as the presence of pyuria or a colony count above which is predicative of presence, location, or severity of infection. Treatment is unclear due to lack of data defining the natural progression of the disease. Although often recommended, it may not always be possible to remove risk factors. Amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5-flucytosine, and other antifungal agents are important agents for managing candidal urinary tract infections.
Subsurface Microbial Communities: Diversity Of Culturable Microorganisms

Interest in the microbiology of the terrestrial subsurface has increased steadily since the early 1980s, when it was discovered that several comparatively shallow aquifers contained sizable populations of culturable microorganisms. During the past two decades, culturable microorganisms, especially bacteria, have been detected in saturated and vadose-zone subsurface environments that ranged in depth from near-surface to 2.7 km below land surface, and in ambient temperature from 8°C to 65°C. Moreover, bacteria have been cultured from a geologically diverse range of unconsolidated and consolidated subsurface materials. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the characterization studies that provide much information on the diversity and composition of the culturable microbial communities in certain types of subsurface, focusing primarily on the phylogenetic characterization of culturable subsurface bacteria by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. Keywords: microbiology; subsurface microbial communities; culturable microorganisms; phylogenetic characterization; vadose zone sediments; bacteria; terrestrial subsurface; 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence