cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of strain localization in inelastic solids using mesh‐free methods

In this paper, a comprehensive account on using mesh-free methods to simulate strain localization in inelastic solids is presented. Using an explicit displacement-based formulation in mesh-free computations, high-resolution shear-band formations are obtained in both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) simulations without recourse to any mixed formulation, discontinuous/incompatible element or special mesh design. The numerical solutions obtained here are insensitive to the orientation of the particle distributions if the local particle distribution is quasi-uniform, which, to a large extent, relieves the mesh alignment sensitivity that finite element methods suffer. Moreover, a simple h-adaptivity procedure is implemented in the explicit calculation, and by utilizing a mesh-free hierarchical partition of unity a spectral (wavelet) adaptivity procedure is developed to seek high-resolution shear-band formations. Moreover, the phenomenon of multiple shear band and mode switching are observed in numerical computations with a relatively coarse particle distribution in contrast to the costly fine-scale finite element simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Central Great Plains

ABSTRACT Rotations are changing in the semiarid Central Great Plains because of no-till systems and crop residue management. With improved precipitation storage in soil, producers now grow corn (Zea mays L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in sequence with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fallow. A long-term cropping systems study was started at Akron, Colorado in 1990 to evaluate rotations comprised of a diversity of crops, with the goal of developing rotations that minimize frequency of fallow. After 10 years, we examined ecological trends associated with soil structure, nutrient cycling, and pest management as affected by rotations. Soil structure and nutrient cycling improved with continuous cropping, whereas, arranging winter and summer annual crops in a cycle-of-four improved pest management. Producers are seeking rotations that not only are economical, but also improve soil quality; they view fallow and tillage as detriments to long-term sustainabili...
The functional organization and assembly of the axon initial segment

Action potential initiation, modulation, and duration in neurons depend on a variety of Na+ and K+ channels that are highly enriched at the axon initial segment (AIS). The AIS also has high densities of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), modulatory proteins, and a unique extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast to other functional domains of axons (e.g. the nodes of Ranvier and axon terminals) whose development depends on the interactions with different cells (e.g. myelinating glia and postsynaptic cells), the recruitment and retention of AIS proteins is intrinsically specified through axonal cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. We speculate that the AIS has previously unappreciated forms of plasticity that influence neuronal excitability, and that AIS plasticity is regulated by the developmental or activity-dependent modulation of scaffolding protein levels rather than directly altering ion channel expression.
Welcome to papers from the 4th International Symposium on Dinosaur Eggs and Babies

This issue of Historical Biology consists of research papers stemming from the 4th International Symposium on Dinosaur Eggs and Babies held in Bozeman, MT, USA during August 2009. The first symposi...
Compensation-based stock trading by corporate executive and aggregate management ownership of the firm: Some additional evidence

Managers place a low value on equity-based compensation because it exposes them to the risk of the firm. Such undervaluation and the need to achieve diversification may force a manager to sell his own stock of the firm in response to equity-based awards. In this paper we examine whether such stock selling by an executive depends on the aggregate level of management ownership of the firm. We argue that stock selling occurs at a high level of aggregate ownership where an executive has a low probability of being replaced. Our findings support this “management ownership” argument of compensation-based stock trading. One implication is that the board's effort to minimize agency conflicts becomes less effective once aggregate ownership increases to a certain threshold level. (JEL G30, G32)
The epidemiology of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

HTLV III infection of children exhibits a relatively narrow spectrum in which the majority of patients develop clinical manifestations before the age of 2 years. In most instances the disease is transmitted in utero, whereby 35-65% of HTLV III-positive women give birth to an infected child. Discordant infection in twins is described. In fewer cases the disease is acquired through blood transfusions. In exceptional cases transmission via sexual abuse or use of needles may occur in young children. We have no evidence of intrafamilial horizontal disease transmission from child to child. The number of children with the disease may increase sharply. Around 2000 pregnancies in HTLV III-infected women are projected in New York City in the next year. Should all these pregnancies be completed, several hundred additional cases of pediatric AIDS may be expected in 1986.
Design, fabrication and characterization of monolithic embedded parylene microchannels in silicon substrate

This paper presents a novel channel fabrication technology of bulk-micromachined monolithic embedded polymer channels in silicon substrate. The fabrication process favorably obviates the need for sacrifical materials in surface-micromachined channels and wafer-bonding in conventional bulk-micromachined channels. Single-layer-deposited parylene C (poly-para-xylylene C) is selected as a structural material in the microfabricated channels/columns to conduct life science research. High pressure capacity can be obtained in these channels by the assistance of silicon substrate support to meet the needs of high-pressure loading conditions in microfluidic applications. The fabrication technology is completely compatible with further lithographic CMOS/MEMS processes, which enables the fabricated embedded structures to be totally integrated with on-chip micro/nano-sensors/actuators/structures for miniaturized lab-on-a-chip systems. An exemplary process was described to show the feasibility of combining bulk micromachining and surface micromachining techniques in process integration. Embedded channels in versatile cross-section profile designs have been fabricated and characterized to demonstrate their capabilities for various applications. A quasi-hemi-circular-shaped embedded parylene channel has been fabricated and verified to withstand inner pressure loadings higher than 1000 psi without failure for micro-high performance liquid chromatography (μHPLC) analysis. Fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio (internal channel height/internal channel width, greater than 20) quasi-rectangular-shaped embedded parylene channel has also been presented and characterized. Its implementation in a single-mask spiral parylene column longer than 1.1 m in a 3.3 mm × 3.3 mm square size on a chip has been demonstrated for prospective micro-gas chromatography (μGC) and high-density, high-efficiency separations. This proposed monolithic embedded channel technology can be extensively implemented to fabricate microchannels/columns in high-pressure microfludics and high-performance/high-throughput chip-based micro total analysis systems (μTAS).
Generic Marikov models for availability estimation and failure charcterization on petroleum refineries

Abstract Chemical process plant decision making is ongoing during operation based upon availability both of components and of the entire system. These decisions include repair policies, maintenance strategies, and inspection routines. The industry state-of-the-art in availability analysis is a Petri Net simulation. It produces confidence intervals on availabilities. In this paper, we present an alternative – generic Markov models. Our models produce exact results in the case of exponential failure and repair times, are at least as easy to use during model building, and reduce computational effort by orders of magnitude. A case study of a reactor regenerator system in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit in a petroleum refinery is presented. Scope and purpose We needed to estimate the availability of a complex system of machinery in an oil refinery in India. Availability is defined as the fraction of time a system performs its specified functions under stated conditions of use and maintenance, and is not easy to calculate. Currently, the best methodology in the field for modeling this type of problem is called Petri nets. As we began the study, we saw similar types of failure modes occurring in many different system components. Further, we found that Petri nets, for our problem, took a lot of computer time yet generated only a subset of the numbers that we needed. We therefore invented a methodology of our own, which we call generic Markov chains, that can be used like building blocks to build precisely the models that industry needs. The models run orders of magnitude faster, are easier to build, and give us a fuller range of performance measures.
Awareness of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy Program for New Drugs

Health care professionals are very aware of the risks and benefits associated with drug therapy. The public also is concerned about drug safety, particularly after some well-publicized drug withdrawals (eg, rofecoxib) and safety-related changes in drug product labeling (eg, rosiglitazone). Although health care professionals are familiar with the ap proval process for new drugs that is used by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), how many are familiar with the Risk Evalua
Dibenzanthracene Tumors in Controlled Strains of Mice

At the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in Washington, three years ago, Dr. C. C. Little Expressed the belief that all experimental cancer research on animals should be repeated with controlled strains of animals from genetically well established stock. Having seen the material of Cook, Hieger and Kennaway (1, 2) in 1932, and being particularly impressed with the fact that 1:2:5:6-dibenzanthracene offered a stable and consistent carcinogenic agent, we believed that it was an ideal compound with which to work out this idea. We decided, therefore, to attack the problem from the angle of the response to painting with debenzanthracene, of a strain of mice having a naturally high incidence of spontaneous tumors as compared with a strain having no spontaneous tumors. Painting was chosen primarily because of our limited facilities and because Burrows (3, 4), Peacock (5), Maisin (6), Lacassagne (7), and others had already well established the injection method. We also wished to ascertain whether or not the efficiency of this new carcinogenic agent might be in any way affected by reticulo-endothelial block.
A Simple Enzyme Histochemical Method for the Simultaneous Demonstration of Acetylcholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidase in Fixed-Frozen Sections:

We describe an enzyme histochemical technique for the simultaneous demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) (Types A, B, or A+B) in fixed-frozen sections. Several regions in the mesencephalon and brainstem were examined for both somatic and neuropil labeling. The results obtained are equivalent or superior to those obtained using previous methods for the individual localization of these enzymes. The simultaneous visualization of AChE and MAO in the same section allows the relationship of the two enzymes to be easily assessed with brightfield microscopy.
Face-Saving at the Singles Dance

This paper examines “face-work” in the context of a singles dance in order to inventory the array of techniques participants use to avert potentially damaging evaluations by others. Face-saving involves the dynamics of social rejection—a general phenomenon cutting across many aspects of social interaction. The plight of deviants who occupy stigmatized statuses, persons in tainted situations, and “normals” experiencing slights or snubs all entail coping with social rejection, though its form and intensity may vary. Consequently, similar patterns of coping may be identified, whether involving major rejection or the management of minor slights, as both the deviant and normal draw from the same cultural pool of coping mechanisms. Eleven techniques were identified, which the participants employed to manage bothstigma and rejection. Parallels between these coping mechanisms and those employed by deviants can also be made.
High-Resolution Far-Infrared Observations and Models of the Star Formation Core of G34.3+0.2C

High spatial resolution far-infrared (FIR) maps made on the Kuiper Airborne Observatory are presented of the extremely bright source associated with the "cometary" ultracompact H II region G34.3+0.2C. The maps show sharply peaked emission at G34.3+0.2C, surrounded by extended emission of uniform temperature. Maximum entropy method deconvolutions indicate FIR core source sizes of 12'' and 20'' at 47 and 95 μm, respectively. Radiative transfer models of centrally heated dust cloud cores are presented that match estimates of the FIR core emission at G34.3+0.2C. The FIR data and models imply that this emission is due to a compact, centrally peaked, massive core separate from the hot molecular core 2'' east of G34.3+0.2C. In comparison to the hot molecular core, the FIR core represents a separate, more evolved core that contains a group of high-mass stars and protostars.
Application of parallel imaging to fMRI at 7 Tesla utilizing a high 1D reduction factor

Gradient-echo EPI, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) using parallel imaging (PI) is demonstrated at 7 Tesla with 16 channels, a fourfold 1D reduction factor (R), and fourfold maximal aliasing. The resultant activation detection in finger-tapping fMRI studies was robust, in full agreement with expected activation patterns based on prior knowledge, and with functional maps generated from full field of view (FOV) coverage of k-space using segmented acquisition. In all aspects the functional maps acquired with PI outperformed segmented coverage of full k-space. With a 1D R of 4, fMRI activation based on PI had higher statistical significance, up to 1.6-fold in an individual case and 1.25 ± .25 (SD) fold when averaged over six studies, compared to four-segment/full-FOV data in which the reduction in the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to k-space undersampling was compensated for by acquiring additional repetitions of the undersampled k-space. When this compensation for loss in SNR was not performed, the effect of PI was determined by the ratio of physiologically induced vs. intrinsic (thermal) noise in the fMRI time series and the extent to which physiological “noise” was amplified by the use of segmentation in the full-FOV data. The results demonstrate that PI is particularly beneficial at this ultrahigh field strength, where both the intrinsic image SNR and temporal signal fluctuations due to physiological processes are large. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Three Hurdles to Technology Integration: A Case Study of Technology Integration in Bungamati

Integrating technology in education is an extraordinary challenge in rural villages of developing countries like Nepal. Since greater understandings of the circumstances surrounding teachers and schools could illuminate issues and opportunities for positive change, a case study of the telecenter in Bungamati, Nepal was conducted. Data, in the form of interviews, observations and related documents, were gathered and analyzed to highlight and understand the local hurdles for integrating technology in teaching. Findings were threefold: teachers lack technology integration skills; informal learning was the preferred way to learn technology; and males had greater access to technology. In this study, the researcher has drawn the following conclusions: a) teachers need technology access and training, b) administrators need a framework for integration, c) informal learning should be considered and promoted and d) there is a clear need for gender equity. Furthermore, suggestions for future studies include a need for informal learning, the use of the TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge)framework for integration technology and more research in the area of teacher training with technology in other developing countries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v18i1-2.10334 Journal of NELTA, Vol 18 No. 1-2, December 2013; 105-114
Deployment and Operation of the ES-3100 Type B Shipping Container

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is shipping, for disposition purposes, bulk quantities of fissile materials, primarily highly enriched uranium (HEU). The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) specification 6M container has been the workhorse for NNSA and many other shippers of radioactive material since the 1980s. However, the 6M does not conform to the packaging requirements in the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR 71) and, for that reason, is being phased out for use in the DOE secure transportation system by the end of 2006. BWXT Y-12 developed and licensed the ES-3100 container to replace the DOT 6M. The ES-3100 was certified by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in April 2006. The process of deploying the new package began in June 2005 and is planned to be completed in July 2006. The package will be fully operational and completely replace the DOT 6M at the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) by October 2006. This paper reviews the deployment process and the mock loading station that was installed at National Transportation Research Center (NTRC) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Specialized equipment, tools, and instrumentation that support the handling and loading operations of the ES-3100 are described in detail. Loading options for other user sites are explored in preparation for deployment of this new state-of-the-art shipping container throughout the DOE complex and the private sector.
Mentoring: a natural act for information professionals?

Provides some historical context for mentoring programs, including how mentoring has been used by the business world to develop potential future executives. Explains the benefits that can be gained from mentoring and what characteristics a good mentor should possess. This includes a list of the type of roles that they can be expected to assume when providing assistance to a mentee. Also notes the obligations of a mentee. Information professionals can also benefit from participating in mentoring programs. Describes examples of how several of the library associations have incorporated mentoring programs into the services that they now make available to their members.
Inhibitory and Bactericidal activity of selected β-lactam agents alone and in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors compared with that of cefoxitin and metronidazole against cefoxitin-susceptible and cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group

Abstract The inhibitory activity of five β-lactam agents, alone and in combination with a β-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with that of cefoxitin and metronidazole against 300 β-lactamase producing Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. Each of the β-lactamase inhibitors significantly potentiated the activity of the respective β-lactam. In the presence of clavulanate, the MIC 90 (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of amoxicillin and ticarcillin were reduced 64-fold and 32-fold, respectively. Similarly, sulbactam enhanced the activity of ampicillin and cefoperazone 16-fold and 8-fold, respectively, whereas tazobactam potentiated the activity of piperacillin 16-fold. Few strains were resistant to the β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and were comprised of strains of B. fragilis, B. thetaiotamicron, and B. distasonis. Of the strains, 7% were resistant to cefoxitin, and none to metronidazole. Using time-kill kinetic studies, the bactericidal activity of the various β-lactam agents, with and without β-lactamase inhibitors, was determined and compared with that of cefoxitin and metronidazole against cefoxitin-susceptible and cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the B. fragilis group. Overall, metronidazole was the most bactericidal agent with all isolates being killed with ≤4 μ g/ml at 24 hr. Ampicillin-sulbactam was the next most bactericidal agent with all isolates being killed with ≤16/8 μ g/ml of ampicillin-sulbactam at 24 hr. Amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefoperazone-sulbactam had bactericidal activity similar to that of ampicillin-sulbactam. Piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate were bactericidal at higher concentrations with all isolates killed with 64 μg/ml of piperacillin and 128 μg/ml of ticarcillin combined with their respective β-lactamase inhibitors. None of the β-lactam agents alone was able to kill more than 19 of the 26 isolates. We conclude that β-lactam agents combined with β-lactamase inhibitors have both inhibitory and bactericidal activity against cefoxitin-resistant members of the B. fragilis group provided that the concentrations achieved for these combinations are at the upper limits for maximum recommended dosing. Although isolates of the B. fragilis group have been reported to produce unusual β-lactamases that are refractory to β-lactamase inhibitors, none of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates tested in this study were resistant to the β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
Experimental bladder substitution using biodegradable graft of natural tissue

A controlled experimental study has been performed using a biodegradable graft of natural tissue to achieve vesical augmentation. The graft is progressively reabsorbed while normal capacity is maintained by concomitant regeneration of the layers of the bladder remnant. No significant complications were encountered, and the graft was equally successful when applied either to a histologically normal bladder or to a pathologic bladder of intramural fibrosis. This material is potentially ideal for clinical bladder substitution in humans.
Cellular SNF2H Chromatin-Remodeling Factor Promotes Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Immediate-Early Gene Expression and Replication

ABSTRACT Like other DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) regulates the association of histones with its genome to promote viral replication and gene expression. We previously demonstrated that SNF2H, a member of the ISWI family of chromatin-remodeling factors, is concentrated in HSV-1 replication compartments in the nuclei of infected cells, suggesting that this cellular enzyme plays a role in viral replication. We show here that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of SNF2H in HEp-2 cells resulted in an approximately 20-fold decrease in HSV-1 replication, arguing that SNF2H promotes efficient HSV-1 replication. Decreases in HSV-1 replication were observed with multiple SNF2H-specific siRNAs, and the extent of the replication decrease correlated with the amount of SNF2H knockdown, indicating that the phenotype resulted from decreased SNF2H levels rather than off-target effects of the siRNAs. We also observed a decrease in the accumulation of immediate-early (IE) gene products in HSV-1-infected cells in which SNF2H was knocked down. Histone H3 occupancy on viral promoters was increased in HSV-1-infected cells that were transfected with SNF2H-specific siRNAs, suggesting that SNF2H promotes removal of histones from viral promoters during infection. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies showed that SNF2H associated with the HSV-1 genome during infection, which suggests that SNF2H may directly remodel viral chromatin. We hypothesize that SNF2H is recruited to viral promoters during HSV-1 infection, where it can remodel the chromatin state of the viral genome, facilitate the transcription of immediate-early genes, and enhance viral replication. IMPORTANCE It is becoming increasingly appreciated that regulation of the state of chromatin is a major determinant in control of gene expression. It has also become clear that the state of chromatin of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome is dynamically regulated during both productive and latent stages of infection. In addition, multiple viral gene products have been reported to play roles in regulating the viral chromatin state. However, the cellular chromatin-remodeling factors involved in altering nucleosome occupancy at viral genes remain largely unknown. The results in this report represent the first evidence that cellular chromatin-remodeling proteins, and SNF2H in particular, can play important roles in regulating the chromatin state of the HSV-1 genome during infection. This work also further establishes HSV-1 infection as a useful model to study chromatin control of gene expression and suggests that disrupting the regulation of viral chromatin states can possibly be exploited as a novel antiviral therapeutic target.
Plasma in Saturn's magnetosphere

The spatial and compositional distribution of the thermal plasma in the magnetosphere of Saturn is described in the light of the Voyager encounters. Theoretical considerations are applied to the elucidation of the structure, including two external and two internal boundaries. The outer boundary is a magnetohydrodynamic entity, while the inner boundary of locally created thermal plasma is a result of the dissociative recombination of corotating molecular ions. The internal boundaries, which separate plasmas of different composition, are explained as a charge exchange quasi-resonance phenomenon.
Crystal and molecular structure of tetrakisthiourea cobalt (II) nitrate monohydrate, C4H16CoN8S4 2+,2NO 3 − ,H2O

The crystal structure of tetrakisthiourea cobalt(II) nitrate monohydrate has been solved and refined by full-matrix least squares, including anisotropic temperature factors, to a finalR of 0.066. The structure is made up of discrete tetrakisthiourea Co(II) molecular ions and NO 3 − ions bound together by hydrogen bonds with water molecules as well as ionic and van der Waals interactions. The local configuration of the cobalt(II) and its four bonded nearest sulfur neighbors is that of a distorted tetrahedron with an average Co-S distance of 2.30 A. Three of the Co-S bonds appear to be made with sulfur sp2 orbitals and lone pairs whereas the remaining Co-S bond involves the S-C π molecular orbital as the electron donor. The thiourea groups appear to be normal. Tetrakisthiourea cobalt(II) nitrate monohydrate: orthorhombic,Pbca,a = 33.704(8),b = 11.734(2),c = 10.253(2) A,Z = 8,D m = 1.68(2),D e = 1.66 g cm−3.
Precisiones sobre la estrategia tropológica en ciencia

The aim of this paper is to contribute to answering the question of whether it has any sense to talk about a tropological strategy in science. To do this it is necessary to scrutinize the diffe- rent relationships among models, metaphors and analogies. After ex- pounding some strong realist doctrines, and further moderate ones as well, about the truth value of metaphors in science, I proceed to un- dertake some precisions connected with certain current approaches on the relationships between analogies and models, and between models and metaphors. For instance, whether analogy is the ground of modelling, or if models constitute a certain form of metaphor. From the analysis of these questions I draw some detailed conclusions that allow me to claim that it is not justified to think about the existence of a deliberate tropological strategy in science.
Correlated Background Adaptive Clutter Suppression And Normalization Techniques

Adaptive clutter suppression and detection filters provide increased target and background discrimination capability to an IRST surveillance system by dynamically tracking and suppressing the background clutter environment. Simulation results with real IRST data are presented, both for single pixel and 3X3 target point spread functions, p.s.f.'s, for various sizes and applied in various order adaptive temporal/spatial/spectral filters, and suboptimal Markov, sparse covariance and LMS spatial filters. The filters are subsequently traded off in terms of performance and implementation complexity. Topics covered include a discussion of the normalized crosscorrelation technique employed for frame-frame registration prior to temporal and multispectral filtering and a method for counteracting the often encountered ill-conditioning of the clutter covariance matrix. Additionally, for the case of correlated background clutter, an expression is presented for the normalizer constant-false-alarm-rate, CFAR, loss as a function of desired false alarm rate and the expected mean and variance of the adaptive threshold estimator. In particular, for the case where clutter is distributed as a first order Markov process, the normalizer loss can be evaluated as a function of specified false alarm rate, background pixel-to-pixel azimuth and elevation correlation coefficients and normalizer shape and size. Techniques for reducing the normalizer CFAR loss are presented including decorrelating the data in the normalizer window, applying better detection filters and changing normalizer shape and size. These techniques are analyzed in terms of performance and implementation complexity.
Application of ℓp-regularized least squares for 0≤p≤1 in estimating discrete spectrum of relaxations for electromagnetic induction responses

The EMI response of a target can be accurately modeled by a sum of real exponentials. However, it is difficult to obtain the model parameters from measurements when the number of exponentials in the sum is unknown. In this paper, the estimation problem is reformulated into a linear system and model parameters are estimated through a modified Lp-regularized least squares algorithm for 0 <= p <= 1. Using tests on synthetic data and laboratory measurement of known targets the proposed method is shown to provide satisfactory and stable estimates. In addition, the proposed method does not require a good initial guess for convergence.
Above the Glauberman correspondence

Let S be a finite solvable group, and suppose S acts on the finite group N, and they have coprime orders. Then, the celebrated Glauberman correspondence provides a natural bijection from the set IrrS(N) of irreducible characters of N which are invariant under the action of S to the set Irr(CN(S)) of all irreducible characters of the centralizer of S in N. Suppose, further, that the semidirect product SN is a normal subgroup of a finite group G. Let ?IrrS(N), and let ?Irr(CN(S)) be its Glauberman correspondent. We prove that there is a bijection with good compatibility properties from the set Irr(G,?) of the irreducible characters of G above ? to Irr(NG(S),?) such that, in the case when S is a p-group for some prime p, it preserves fields of values and Schur indices over Qp, the field of p-adic numbers. Using this result, we also prove a strengthening of the McKay Conjecture for all p-solvable groups.
The effect of eyelid constriction on perceptions of mating strategy: Beware of the squinty-eyed guy!

Abstract Facial features and expressions influence perceptions of attractiveness, personality, behavioral tendencies, and relationship preferences. We manipulated eyelid openness in facial images of two men. Consistent with our predictions, open eyelid images were associated more so with behaviors consistent with long-term mating strategies and lowered eyelid images were associated more so with behaviors consistent with short-term mating strategies. Participants generally rated the men depicted in the open eyelid images as more attractive; however, the difference between images decreased as the prospective relationship length decreased. Participants’ preferences matched their expectations for the people in the images, for example, mate-guarding concerns were stronger for the lowered eyelid images. Our results suggest that eyelid openness serves as a heuristic in evaluating an individual’s mating intentions. Understandably, we did not find effects seen for manipulations of structural characteristics such as facial masculinity and symmetry, which are thought to be indicators of genetic quality.
Photonic subsampling analog-to-digital conversion of microwave signals at 40-GHz with higher than 7-ENOB resolution

Conversion of analog signals into digital signals is one of the most important functionalities in modern signal processing systems. As the signal frequency increases beyond 10 GHz, the timing jitter from electronic clocks, currently limited at ~100 fs, compromises the achievable resolution of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Owing to their ultralow timing jitter, the use of optical pulse trains from passively mode-locked lasers has been considered to be a promising way for sampling electronic signals. In this paper, based on sub-10 fs jitter optical sampling pulse trains, we demonstrate a photonic subsampling ADC that downconverts and digitizes a narrowband microwave signal at 40 GHz carrier frequency with higher than 7 effective-number-of-bit (ENOB) resolution.
Myosin II redistribution during rear retraction and the role of filament assembly and disassembly.

The literature to date suggests a role for myosin II in rear retraction, including evidence that myosin undergoes a characteristic ‘C’-to-spot redistribution at the cell posterior which is associated with retraction. Here we investigate the mechanism of both retraction and the ‘C’-to-spot using
Signal enhancement in noise- and clutter-corrupted images using adaptive predictive filtering techniques

Abstract The recovery of an original image from its corrupted version is of importance in a number of applications. The detection of small and dim targets is one such problem, requiring the enhancement of target signals andsuppression of noise and clutter in the image. Conventional methods like matched filtering require a priori knowledge of the target intensity spread function, the clutter correlation characteristics etc. These techniques aredifficult to implement if the image is nonstationary. This paper describes an adaptive clutter whitening techniquewhich increases signal detectability in colored noise and clutter. Signal enhancement is based on the intrinsicdifferences in the spatial extent of the target relative to the clutter. An adaptive spatial filter is used to whiten the clutter present in the image. The output of such an adaptive spatial filter, termed the Adaptive ClutterWhitener(ACW), is then passed on to a matched filter based detector. The receiver operating characteristics
A Retrospective study of complications of therapeutic plasma exchange in myasthenia

Introduction: Venous access for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in myasthenia gravis (MG) can be achieved by central venous catheters (CVC) or peripheral veins (PV), and the preferred method varies among providers. We evaluated our institutional experience with TPE venous access method and complications. Methods: We reviewed all TPE-treated MG patients (2005–2010) through blinded chart review. TPE complications were categorized as serious or minor. Serious complications ended the procedure and/or were potentially life-threatening. Results: A total of 134 MG patients received 230 TPE courses; 56% were outpatient procedures. Whenever feasible, TPE was performed by PV access, which was successful in 75% of courses. Over 90% in both groups improved after TPE. Compared with PV access, CVCs were associated with more total (68% vs. 35%) and serious complications (41% vs. 4%), including 2 deaths. Conclusions: PV access for TPE can be used successfully in most MG patients and may reduce morbidity of the procedure. Muscle Nerve, 2013
PANDAS: the search for environmental triggers of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Lessons from rheumatic fever.

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) is a relatively new diagnostic construct applied to children or adolescents who develop, and have repeated exacerbations of, tic disorders and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder following group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. The proposed pathophysiology is that the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria trigger antibodies that cross-react with the basal ganglia of genetically susceptible hosts leading to obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or tics. This is similar to the etiologic mechanisms proposed for Sydenham's chorea, in which group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antibodies cross-react with the basal ganglia and result in abnormal behavior and involuntary movements. When first proposed, there was much controversy about the idea that streptococcal infections were etiologically related to rheumatic fever. In a like manner, discussion has arisen about the concept of infection-triggered obsessi...
Hepatitis following isoniazid.

V. N., a 30 year old white male was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Tucson, Arizona on November 16, 1953 for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis The diagnosis was first established in 1944 and treatment had not included antimicrobial drugs prior to the present admission. He was considered inactive from 1946 until a positive culture of the sputum was obtained in September 1953 and he was advised to be hospitalized. Physical examination on admission revealed a well nourished white male who appeared neither acutely or chronically ill. Temperature was 98.6’ F., pulse 82, blood pressure 120/70, weight 158 pounds. Complete physical examination was normal except for the lungs which revealed restriction of motion of the left hemithorax and increased tactile fremitus at the left base posteriorly. On auscultation there were occasional moist inspiratory rales over the left apex posteriorly. Laboratory studies on admission revealed normal red blood cell count, hemoglobin, complete urinalysis and serology. The white blood cell count was 12,700 with 61 per cent neutrophils, 35 per cent lymphocytes and 4 per cent eosinophils. Kidney function tests were normal. Smear of concentrate of the sputum was positive for tubercle bacilli on November 22, 1953 and the culture of that specimen was negative. Chest x-ray film on November 5, 1953 revealed thickening of the pleura along the left lung peripherally. There was chronic fibrous pleurisy at the left base and fibrocalcareous deposition was noted at the second rib anteriorly on the left. Planograms on November 25, 1953 showed marked pleural reaction with thickening in the left apex and along the periphery of the left lung field. Honeycombing was present in a wedge shaped area of dense fibrosis at the second rib anteriorly on the left. It was planned to perform a resection of the involved area of the left upper lobe following three to four months of preparatory antimicrobial therapy. Streptomycin 1 gram twice weekly and para-aminosalicylic acid 12 grams daily were started on November 16, 1953. Approximately one month later he developed generalized aching, chills and temperature up to 1010 F. In addition he developed an urticarial eruption with severe pruritus. It was felt that this reaction was due to streptomycin and it was therefore discontinued. Dihydrostreptomycin 1 gram was substituted for the
Urban and Agricultural Sources of Pyrethroid Insecticides to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California

While studies have documented the presence of pyrethroid insecticides at acutely toxic concentrations in sediments, little quantitative data on sources exist. Urban runoff, municipal wastewater treatment plants and agricultural drains in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta were sampled to understand their importance as contributors of these pesticides to surface waters. Nearly all residential runoff samples were toxic to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and contained pyrethroids at concentrations exceeding acutely toxic thresholds, in many cases by 10-fold. Toxicity identification evaluation data were consistent with pyrethroids, particularly bifenthrin and cyfluthrin, as the cause of toxicity. Pyrethroids passed through secondary treatment systems at municipal wastewater treatment facilities and were commonly found in the final effluent, usually near H. azteca 96-h EC50 thresholds. Agricultural discharges in the study area only occasionally contained pyrethroids and were also occasional sources...
Preliminary Characterization of the North Carolina Autumn Recreational Shrimp Trawl Fishery

Abstract Several states in the USA have proposed or implemented new regulations to monitor recreational fishing more closely. One regulatory tool, the saltwater recreational fishing license, has been adopted in several states, yet in other states it is opposed heavily by fishers. One difficulty in developing new types of saltwater licenses in North Carolina is that part-time fishers use commercial gear but straddle recreational and commercial fishing motives and behaviors. In North Carolina, over 20,000 people hold commercial fishing licenses, but fewer than 10% of those (1,747) sell more than US$ 10,000 worth of seafood annually. North Carolina's undocumented recreational trawl fishery for shrimp (Penaeidae) often harvests significant fishery resources but has inadequate or loosely enforced restrictions. To investigate the nature of the recreational shrimp trawl fishery in coastal North Carolina waters, we conducted an intercept interview survey in the fall of 1995. Slightly more than half of those inter...
Lions, Tigers, and Freedom Birds: How and Why the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Employs Women

This article examines how and why the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) integrated women, highlighting themes common to women's participation in militant groups such as women's unique propaganda value and cultural limits on recruiting women and employing them in political violence.
Hydrothermal Processes at Seafloor Spreading Centers: Report on a NATO Advanced Research Institute

Evidence developed during the past 10 years indicating that seawater convects through oceanic crust driven by heat derived from the creation of lithosphere at the earth-encircling oceanic ridge-rift system of sea-floor spreading centers has stimulated multiple lines of research. The research has profound implications for the earth's thermal regime, geochemical cycles, and mass balances of the elements; sustenance of biological communities; and concentration of metallic mineral deposits. The first workshop devoted to interdisciplinary consideration of this entire field was convened by a committee consisting of P.A. Rona (Chairman; NOAA, Miami), K. Bostrom (University of Stockholm), L. Laubier (CNEXO, Paris), and K. Smith (University of California, La Jolla) under the auspices of a NATO Advanced Research Institute held April 5–8, 1982, at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, England. The workshop assembled 75 scientists from 15 nations for presentations of the state of knowledge in this field that reflected the predominance of U.S. and French scientists in current research and for discussions that encouraged development of a wider base of scientific participation.
Early Money And Senate Primary Elections

This article investigates the role of early money in Senate primary elections. The data show that in elections from 1988 to 1996, early money played an indirect role by leading to more money raised in the normal (nonearly) electoral period but not by directly affecting election outcomes. This dynamic exists while controlling for factors such as previous political experience and candidate wealth, so it is not simply the case that early money is following the more experienced candidates or reflecting personal resources. These results confirm the viewthat the possession of early money signals political elites that a candidate is credible. The conclusions are similar to those of some previous researchers, although this study focuses on a different electoral arena and a different type of election and uses a different specification of the “early” variables. Early money does not specifically benefit female candidates, however, which has not been previously tested.
An effective action describing long-range Yang-Mills theory

Abstract Using previously derived expressions for axial gauge propagators and vertex functions in the infrared limit of pure Yang-Mills theory, we show that at long-range quantum Yang-Mills theory is equivalent to a classical Yang-Mills theory in an anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium, the QCD vacuum. The properties of this classical theory are described and possible applications are outlined.
African, Asian, Latina/o, and European Americans’ Responses to Popular Measures of Sexist Beliefs Some Cautionary Notes

The validity and internal reliability for scores on four popular measures of sexist beliefs (the Modern Sexism scale, the Attitudes Toward Women scale, and the Benevolent and Hostile Sexism subscales of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory; collected from 1994 to 1999 with college students) were tested across four U.S. ethnic groups: 174 African American, 357 Asian American, 147 Latina/o American, and 5,629 European American participants. With some caveats, results from internal reliability, correlations among the measures, and mean endorsement indicated that these measures are suitable across the four ethnic groups examined. Caveats are that the Modern Sexism scale may not be a subtle measure of sexist beliefs in African American populations, and the Benevolent Sexism scale may not be adequate for Latina/o and African American participants. Ethnic group differences emerged in mean responses to these two measures. Taken together, these findings aid researchers in the more efficient and accurate usage of these ...
Pion-nucleon scattering

A review is presented of classical pion physics. The interaction of pions with nucleons, which plays a certain part in the complex structure of strong interactions, is discussed. The consequences of a charge independence assumption for pi -p scattering are discussed relative to total and differential cross sections for the pi /sup +/ + p and pi /sup -/ + p collision processes. Phase shifts characterizing partial waves are analyzed for pion-nucleon scattering. (B.O.G.)