cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BASELINE STUDIES OF THE CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY SOURCE CLAYS: POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES

The Clay Minerals Society maintains a repository of Source Clays to provide scientists and researchers with a readily available supply of consistent materials so that research conducted by different groups can be correlated to identical material. These Source Clays include kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, illite, palygorskite and other minerals. As most of the Source Clays are naturally occurring materials, they typically contain minor to significant amounts of other mineral impurities. When conducting research using these samples, it is important that their mineral content be well characterized. It is also often desirable to remove these impurities to produce pure clay samples. For example, when studying the biological effects of a particular clay mineral, it is imperative that all contaminants ( e.g. crystalline silica minerals) be removed from the clay in question so that experimental results can be attributed to the clay alone. If purification is required, the clays must be purified in a manner that does not significantly alter the physical or chemical properties of the samples. This chapter describes the X-ray diffraction (XRD) characteristics of a suite of Source Clays of The Clay Minerals Society and demonstrates methods of purification based on Stokes’ law of settling in suspension that can be used to purify the clays. We refer to samples obtained from P. Costanzo (see Costanzo, 2001) as ‘processed’ material and material obtained directly from the Source Clay Repository as ‘as-shipped’ material. Size fractionations and purifi-cations were performed on the ‘as-shipped’ material to obtain the highest purity possible and to identify the impurities that occur in the material. Powder XRD data were collected for the Source Clays on a Siemens D500 powder X-ray diffractometer using CuKα radiation, incident- and diffracted-beam Soller slits, and a Kevex solid-state Si(Li) detector. Data were collected from 2 to 70°2𝛉 using a step size of 0.02°2𝛉 …
Physical and Chemical Stability of Pemetrexed Solutions in Plastic Syringes

BACKGROUNDPemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate antineoplastic agent that is indicated for single-agent use in advanced or metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer and in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma not treatable by surgery. Currently, there is no information on the long-term stability of pemetrexed solutions beyond 24 hours.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the stability of pemetrexed reconstituted with NaCl 0.9% injection to a concentration of 25 mg/mL and packaged in polypropylene syringes.METHODSTriplicate samples of reconstituted pemetrexed 25 mg/mL were packaged in 20-mL polypropylene syringes and evaluated for physical and chemical stability performed initially and over 2 days of storage at 23 °C and over 31 days of storage at 4 °C. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual observation. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC.RESULTSThe reconstituted pemetrexed solutions remained physically and chemicall...
The design of classical offset Dragonian reflector antennas with circular apertures

The vector aperture field of classical offset Dragonian dual-reflector antennas is derived using geometrical-optics concepts. This field then yields the equivalent paraboloid of the geometry. From these results, the conditions for an axially symmetric equivalent paraboloid, when a circular aperture is assumed, are obtained. A complete step-by-step geometrical-optics-based design procedure for optimum classical offset Dragonian antennas with circular apertures is then presented (i.e., zero geometrical-optics cross-polarization and minimum spillover). This procedure is demonstrated by two design examples.
Child Neglect: Outcomes in High-Risk Urban Preschoolers

Background. Limited longitudinal re- search has been conducted on the impact of neglect on children's health and well-being. There is a need to con- sider the impact of specific subtypes of neglect on chil- dren's functioning. In addition, there is interest in exam- ining the cumulative effect of experiencing >1 subtype of neglect. Objective. To examine the individual and cumulative relationships among physical, psychological, and envi- ronmental neglect and children's behavior and develop- ment at age 3, and the impact on changes in children's behavior and development between ages 3 and 5. Methods. One hundred thirty-six children and their primary caregivers participating in a prospective longi- tudinal study of children's development and maltreat- ment were assessed when the children were aged 3 and 5 years. The children were recruited from primary care clinics because of failure to thrive, risk for human im- munodeficiency virus, or as a comparison group. Evalu- ations were conducted in laboratory and home settings using observations, maternal self-report, and standard- ized testing of the children. Scores on physical, psycho- logical, and environmental neglect were combined into a Cumulative Neglect Index. Regression analyses were run to examine the association of specific subtypes of neglect and of cumulative neglect with children's functioning at age 3, controlling for group, sociodemographic risk, and maternal depression. The analyses were repeated exam- ining the impact on child outcomes at age 5, controlling for the above 3 variables as well as the children's cogni- tive development and behavior at age 3. Results. Of the subtypes of neglect at age 3, only psychological neglect was significantly associated with increased internalizing and externalizing behavior prob- lems at age 3; the Cumulative Neglect Index was associ- ated with internalizing problems. None of the neglect subtypes or cumulative neglect were predictive of changes in children's behavior and development be- tween ages 3 and 5. Cognitive development of the entire sample was impaired at age 5, averaging 0.85 standard deviations below the norm, and their average externaliz- ing behavior score was significantly problematic with an average of 0.60 standard deviations above the norm. Conclusions. In the context of poverty where many preschool children have poor cognitive development and increased behavior problems, psychological neglect is significantly related to reported behavior problems. Chil- dren who experienced multiple types of neglect had in- creased internalizing problems. Neglect did not explain changes in children's behavior or development between ages 3 and 5. There is a need for pediatricians to identify and address child neglect, particularly psychological ne- glect, as early as possible. Pediatricians should also screen for maternal depression. Pediatrics 2002;109:1100 -1107; child neglect, behavior, development, poverty.
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Behavior of Two Polycyanurate Networks

The pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) behavior was studied for two polycyanurate networks having different crosslink densities using a pressurizable dilatometer. The sam- ples were studied at temperatures ranging from 60 to 180 � C and at pressures up to 170 MPa to yield PVT data in both rub- bery and glassy states. The Tait equation is found to well describe the isobaric temperature scan and isothermal pres- sure scan data. The thermal expansion coefficients, instantane- ous bulk moduli, and thermal pressure coefficients are extracted from the data and their dependence on crosslink den- sity is examined. The time-dependent viscoelastic bulk modu- lus (K(t)) is also calculated in the vicinity of the a-relaxation from previously published pressure relaxation experimental data, and the strength and shape of the dispersion are found to be independent of crosslink density. The limiting bulk moduli depend strongly on temperature with those of the more loosely crosslinked sample being lower at a given temperature and pressure, although at Tg(P), the limiting mod- uli of the more loosely crosslinked sample are slightly higher than those of the more highly crosslinked sample. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 2509-2517, 2010
An Organizational Change Triggered by a Survey: The Army Air Forces in World War II

In this article the author examines how during World War II the United States Army Air Forces (AAF) made use of an attitude survey that brought about what was essentially a process of organizational change. The author discusses how the survey yielded results that showed one third of the enlisted men in the AAF felt they were assigned to the wrong jobs. As a result a reform process what begun with the aim of getting the right men into the right positions. The author discusses the success of the program, noting that in a short period of time individuals who scored high on intelligence tests were moved into positions where they could better serve the AAF.
A Comparative Study of Root Coverage Using Two Different Acellular Dermal Matrix Products

Background: Gingival recession remains an important problem in dental esthetics. A new dermal matrix material has been introduced,but its effectivenesshas not been studied and compared to current dermal matrix material. The aim of this study is to compare the healing associated with a coronally advanced flap for root coverage in areas of localized tissue recession when using Alloderm (ADM) and Puros Dermis (PDM). Methods: A split-mouth design was used for this study, with 52 contralateral sites in 14 patients with Miller Class I or III facial tissue recession. Twenty-six sites were treated with coronally advanced flap using PDM, and 26 sites were treated with coronally advanced flap using ADM, all followed for 6 months. Clinical measurements of vertical recession, keratinized tissue, probing depths, and attachment levels were made initially, at 3 months, and at 6 months. Results: Both groups had significant improvement in the amount of recession coverage with means of 2.83 mm for the PDM and 3.13 mm for the ADM. The percentage of root coverage was 81.4% for the PDM and 83.4% for the ADM; differences between the materials were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, there was no statistical or clinical difference in the amount of root coverage, probing depth, or keratinized tissue in coronally advanced flaps for root coverage with either of the two acellular dermal matrix materials. Both materials were successful in achieving root coverage. J Periodontol 2010;81:1596-1603.
Multiframe error concealment for MPEG-coded video delivery over error-prone networks

Compressed video sequences are very vulnerable to channel disturbances when they are transmitted through an unreliable medium such as a wireless channel. Transmission errors not only corrupt the current decoded frame, but they may also propagate to succeeding frames. A number of post-processing error concealment (ECN) methods that exploit the spatial and/or temporal redundancy in the video signal have been proposed to combat channel disturbances. Although these approaches can effectively conceal lost or erroneous macroblocks (MBs), all of them only consider spatial and/or temporal correlation in a single frame (the corrupted one), which limits their ability to obtain an optimal recovery. Since the error propagates to the next few motion-compensated frames in the presence of lost MBs in an I or P frame, error concealment should simultaneously minimize the errors not only in the current decoded frame but also in the succeeding B and P frames that depend on the corrupted frame. We propose a novel multiframe recovery principle which analyzes the propagation of a lost MB into succeeding frames. Then, MPEG-compatible spatial and temporal error concealment approaches using this multiframe recovery principle are proposed, where the lost MBs are recovered in such a way that the error propagation is minimized.
Conflicts in values and attitudes between parents of symptomatic and normal children.

Conflicts between parents on their values and attitudes of acceptance or rejection toward their child were studied using the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values Scale and a parents' questionnair...
Symposium Overview. Food Addiction: Fact or Fiction?

Food addiction is a pervasive, yet controversial, topic that has gained recent attention in both lay media and the scientific literature. The goal of this series of articles is to use a combination of preclinical and clinical data to determine whether foods, like drugs of abuse, can be addictive, the conditions under which the addiction develops, and the underlying neurophysiological substrates. Operational definitions of addiction that have been used in the treatment of human disorders and to guide research in both humans and animals are presented, and an overview of the symposium articles is provided. We propose that specific foods, especially those that are rich in fat and/or sugar, are capable of promoting “addiction”-like behavior and neuronal change under certain conditions. That is, these foods, although highly palatable, are not addictive per se but become so following a restriction/binge pattern of consumption. Such consummatory patterns have been associated with increased risk for comorbid conditions such as obesity, early weight gain, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse as well as with relapse and treatment challenges. The topic of food addiction bears study, therefore, to develop fresh approaches to clinical intervention and to advance our understanding of basic mechanisms involved in loss of control.
Evolutionary automata as foundation of evolutionary computation: Larry Fogel was right

In this paper we study expressiveness of evolutionary computation. To do so we introduce evolutionary automata and define their several subclasses. To our surprise, we got the result that evolving finite automata by finite automata leads outside its class, and allows to express for example pushdown automata or Turing machines. This explains partially why Larry Fogel restricted representation in Evolutionary Programming to finite state machines only. The power of evolution is enormous indeed!
Coordination, Continuity, and Centralized Control: A Policy Perspective on Service Strategies for the Chronic Mentally Ill

Chronic mentally ill persons in the community depend on an array of psychological, social, and medical support services that are delivered by public and private sources and are under the auspices of different levels of government. In response to problems of fragmentation and disorganization of these services, improved coordination has emerged as a major objective of contemporary mental health policymaking. This article describes the major coordinating approaches that have been developed, analyzes barriers to their implementation based on insights from the policy sciences and other literatures, and examines the basis of coordination's appeal as a service system reform strategy.
Synthesis of Rigid Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymeric Resins for Adsorption

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic-oligosaccharides with usually 6–8 glucopyranose units. Because of their unique donut-shaped steric structure they are able to form inclusion complexes selectively with some guest molecules. CDs are in starch-like powder form and are soluble in water to certain extents. It is desirable to produce insoluble CD-containing particles for adsorption, liquid chromatography and other applications. This work presents a novel method of synthesizing CD-containing resins. Resins synthesized with this method possess high contents of CDs and some favorable physical properties. Adsorption isotherms for three small aromatic compounds, namely phenylalanine, tryptophan and aspartame, were obtained experimentally.
Restriction in hip internal rotation is associated with an increased risk of ACL injury

Evidence suggests that femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in athletes may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study correlates ACL injury with hip range of motion in a consecutive series of elite, contact athletes and tests the hypothesis that a restriction in the available hip axial rotation in a dynamic in silico model of a simulated pivot landing would increase ACL strain and the risk of ACL rupture. Three hundred and twenty-four football athletes attending the 2012 NFL National Invitational Camp were examined. Hip range of internal rotation was measured and correlated with a history of ACL injury and surgical repair. An in silico biomechanical model was used to study the effect of FAI on the peak relative ACL strain developed during a simulated pivot landing. The in vivo results demonstrated that a reduction in internal rotation of the left hip was associated with a statistically significant increased odds of ACL injury in the ipsilateral or contralateral knee (OR 0.95, p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). A post-estimation calculation of odds ratio for ACL injury based on deficiency in hip internal rotation demonstrated that a 30-degree reduction in left hip internal rotation was associated with 4.06 and 5.29 times greater odds of ACL injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs, respectively. The in silico model demonstrated that FAI systematically increased the peak ACL strain predicted during the pivot landing. FAI may be associated with ACL injury because of the increased resistance to femoral internal axial rotation during a dynamic maneuver such as a pivot landing. This insight may lead to better interventions to prevent ACL injury and improved understanding of ACL reconstruction failure. Cohort study, Level IV.
Operation of the Spear RF System

The RF system replaces the energy lost by synchrotron radiation during storage of beams. This energy loss ranges from 35 keV per turn at 1.5 GeV (the injection energy) to 370 keV per turn at 2.7 GeV. Over-voltages of about 1.5 times the radiation loss are required to give the phase stability necessary to maintain a long lifetime in the presence of quantum fluctuations.
Ultra-Wideband monopole antenna with modified ground plane

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology has drawn great attention since its emergence at the beginning of the new millennium, and the monopole microstrip antenna with a truncated ground plane has proved to be a good UWB antenna choice as shown in [1–3]. A different shape of microstrip monopole antenna is introduced to cover most of the UWB systems with satisfactory characteristics that meet UWB technology requirements. An antenna system consisting of the proposed antennas is built to analyze the transmission and the reception characteristics.
Spouses' personality and marital satisfaction

Abstract Marital dissatisfaction in a simple of married couples was associated with one's own neuroticism score and one's partner's extraversion score.
Expandable Polyaryl-Ether-Ether-Ketone Spacers for Interbody Distraction in the Lumbar Spine.

Study DesignRetrospective case series.ObjectiveStaXx XD (Spine Wave, Inc., Shelton, CT, United States) is an expandable polyaryl-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) wafer implant utilized in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. PEEK implants have been successfully used as interbody devices. Few studies have focused on expandable PEEK devices. The aim of the current study is to determine the radiographic and clinical outcome of expandable PEEK cages utilized for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.MethodsForty-nine patients who underwent lumbar interbody fusion with implantation of expandable PEEK cages and posterior instrumentation were included. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiographic parameters including disk height, foraminal height, listhesis, local disk angle of the index level/levels, regional lumbar lordosis, and graft subsidence were measured preoperatively, postoper...
Monitor 1983

The Monitor remote handling system was especially developed to perform "in situ" remote maintenance operations on Line A at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Facility (LAMPF). Previous papers have traced the development of the system from prototype unit thru the more sophisticated "Monitor I" and "Monitor II" systems now in use. The "Monitor I" and "Monitor II" systems have served well in performing all necessary maintenance; however, future major improvements and expansion of experimental facilities call for development of a third system. Monitor III is a more portable system which will be able to support major disassembly and reconstruction of facilities remote from Line A. The system will include a large trailer mounted cask for safe transport of obsolete radioactive beam line components to the disposal site.
Regulation of ponderosa pine foliar physiology and insect resistance mechanisms by basal area treatments.

We compared foliar physiology and several measures of tree resistance to insect attack among ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) trees growing in thinned stands. Measurements were made in a second-growth ponderosa pine forest in northern Arizona where the basal area treatments (6.9, 18.4, 27.6, 78.2 m 2 ha −1 ) have been experimentally maintained by frequent thinnings for 32 years before our measurements began in 1994. Most of the physiological characteristics measured were affected by the basal area treatments. As stand basal area increased from 6.9 to 78.2 m 2 ha −1 , predawn water potential, midday water potential, net photosynthetic rate, resin production, phloem thickness, and foliar toughness decreased. Foliar nitrogen concentration was greatest in trees in the intermediate basal area treatments. Our results show that the physiological condition of second-growth ponderosa pine can be manipulated by silvicultural control of stand basal area, and support the hypothesis that high stand basal area increases tree stress and decreases tree resistance to insect attack.
Effect of diabetes and diet on the distribution of tracer doses of chromium in rats.

SummaryThe distribution of 51Cr in tissue fractions of various organs in normal rats has been ascertained. Induced diabetes in rats caused no major alterations in the organ distribution of 51Cr. However, the distribution of 51Cr in liver fractions was altered by induced diabetes or by the feeding of high-fat diets. When the rate of hepatic lipogenesis was normal or elevated, chromium appeared to move from the nuclear to the microsomal fraction of liver.
“It runs in my family …”: The association of perceived family history with body dissatisfaction and weight bias internalization among overweight women

Aspects of poor body acceptance (BA), such as internalized weight bias and dissatisfaction with one's shape and size, are the strongest predictors of disordered eating and are associated with reduced engagement in healthy behaviors. Perceiving oneself as having a family history of overweight (PFH) could boost BA by increasing attributions for inherited, biological causes of weight. A community sample of 289 women who were overweight from the Washington, DC metropolitan area who were dissatisfied with their current weight (68% Black; 32% White) enrolled in this study in 2012. PFH of overweight was associated with decreased internalized weight bias among white women and marginally increased body shape satisfaction generally. The relationship between PFH and BA was not explained by biological attributions for weight. Perceptions that overweight runs in one's family can be protective with respect to BA. This is suggestive of the potential benefit of integrating family-based approaches into weight management interventions.
Determination of Strain Rate Dependent Compressive Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites

The present study focuses on characterizing and modeling rate dependent compressive strength and shear strength of a high modulus fiber composite (AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy) by using off-axis specimens. It was found that significant bending waves were observed in the incident and transmission bars during the compression test using split Hopkinson pressure bar indicating that the waves generated were not uniaxial waves. A thin titanium coating was applied through the use of the vapor deposition technique at the contact ends of the off-axis specimen in order to minimize the indentation effect. The experimental result proved that the surface friction could be successfully eliminated by preventing the direct contact between carbon fiber endings and that the contact surface was smooth enough to allow smooth sliding induced by the shear deformation. Stress-strain curves generated at different strain rates using this type of specimens with strain controlled tests were used to develop a rate dependent constitutive model which was subsequently used to predict rate dependent compressive strength of the composite. Comparison of the model predictions with experimental data indicates that the compressive strength model established with low strain rate test data is valid for high strain rates also. From the rate dependent compressive strength model established by using off-axis specimens, the longitudinal compressive strength at various strain rates of AS4/3501-6 were obtained. A projection method was proposed to obtain the 0 compressive strength of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites by using the off-axis specimens. The experimental projection results fit well with the compressive strength model predictions.
Superpixels shape analysis for carried object detection

Video surveillance systems generate enormous amounts of data which makes the continuous monitoring of video a very difficult task. Re-identification of subjects in video surveillance systems plays a significant role in public safety. Recent work has focused on appearance modeling and dis- tance learning to establish correspondence between images. However, real-life scenarios suggest that the majority of clothing worn tends to be non-discriminative. Attributes- based re-identification methods try to solve this problem by incorporating semantic attributes which are mid-level fea- tures learned a prior. In this paper we present a framework to recognize attributes with applications to carried objects detection. We present a supervised approach based on the contours and shapes of superpixels and histogram of oriented gradients. An experimental evaluation is described using a dataset that was recorded at the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority.
CD138 (Syndecan-1), a Plasma Cell Marker

We evaluated the immunohistochemical profile and specificity of CD138 reactivity in 238 specimens from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms. In 91 bone marrow biopsies, CD138 reactivity was observed for nonneoplastic plasma cells, neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma cases (43/43), and the plasmacytic component in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma cases (4/4). Stromal reactivity was noted in 7 multiple myeloma cases. Of 9 bone marrow specimens involved by metastatic carcinoma, tumor cells were CD138+ in 5 cases; stromal reactivity was noted in 7 cases. Studies of 76 nodal and extranodal lymphomas (B-cell, 49; T-cell, 8; Hodgkin lymphoma, 19), 1 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and 14 nonneoplastic lymph nodes revealed CD138 reactivity only for nonneoplastic plasma cells, the neoplastic cells of 2 large B-cell lymphomas (immunoblastic type, plasmacytoid features), and the clonal plasmacytic component of 3 of 3 extranodal and 1 nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Evaluation of 56 epithelial and nonepithelial tumors revealed CD138 positivity for neoplastic cells of carcinomas of various types (30/33), frequently with associated stromal reactivity, and for neoplasms of mesenchymal, melanocytic, and other tumor types (12/23). Within the hematopoietic system, CD138 is an excellent marker of plasmacytic differentiation. Based on its broad staining profile, CD138 reactivity for neoplastic cells is not a definitive marker for plasmacytic derivation, unless a hematolymphoid origin has been established.
A Model of Chromosome Evolution and Its Bearing on Cladogenesis in the Hominoidea

Chromosomes may be thought of as the vehicles by which encapsulated genetic material is transmitted between organisms. Chromosomes, like other traits or characters, present a morphology which can be used to distinguish between species, and which changes discretely over time. As one is able to speak of the evolution of the canine tooth or of brain size, one may also speak with equal acuity of the evolution of chromosomes.
Ballistic charge oscillations in bulk GaAs

Advances in the growth and fabrication of semiconductor structures with features having dimensions comparable to (or less than) typical mean-free-path lengths and advances in the development of femtosecond laser sources with temporal resolutions less than the mean scattering times have made possible the investigation of coherent and ballistic transport in semiconductors. To date, for example, three-terminal (launcher-base-detector) devices have been used to study transport in the near-ballistic regime,1,2 and velocity overshoot has been reported in transient-photocurrent experiments.3
Microtubule targeting agents in glioma.

Microtubules are dynamic tubular polymers of α- and β-tubulin which provide structural integrity, promote migration, transport of molecules, vesicles and organelles and play essential roles during cell division by forming the mitotic spindles, orchestrating the transport and separation of chromosomes and cytokinesis. Blocking the microtubule polymerization-dynamics leads to disruption of cellular division, mitotic arrest at the metaphase-anaphase transition and induction of apoptosis (1). Microtubules are thus a good target for anticancer therapy. Many tubulin-binding agents (TBAs) have been purified from natural products and synthesized to be used as therapy for a variety of cancers (2).
Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, U.S.A.

Lechuguilla Cave in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, has a 2010 surveyed length of 130 km. It is a hypogene cave, formed by uprising H 2 S-bearing fluids which oxidize to form sulfuric acid when they reach oxygen-bearing meteoric water. The cave is formed in the Permian Capitan Reef Complex. Argon-argon dating suggests that the cave is on the order of 5 million years old. Lechuguilla Cave exhibits dramatic mineralization, particularly gypsum chandeliers, native sulfur, and many massive calcite speleothems. Of particular interest is the microbiology of the cave where microbes, present and past, formed without surface interactions.
Societies and cities in the age of instant access

Preface, Harvey J. Miller.- Section I. Introduction.- Societies and cities in the age of instant access, Harvey J. Miller.- Section II. Cities and the Built Environment.- The new middle landscape, Brian Cavanaugh.- Imagining the recursive city: Explorations into urban simulacra, Michael Batty and Anthony Hudson-Smith.- Download my building: How building information modeling will transform our cities, David Scheer and Ryan Smith.- Misses, near-misses and surprises in forecasting the informational city, Helen Couclelis.- Section III. Activities in Space and Time.- Does instant access promote sedentary behavior? Putting physical activity on the instant-access-in-cities agenda, Susan Hanson and Danielle Fontaine.- Revisiting Hagerstrand's time-geographic framework for individual activities in the age of instant access, Hongbo Yu and Shih-lung Shaw.- Dynamic prisms and 'instant access': Linking opportunities in space to decision making in time, Pip Forer, Otto Huisman and Chris McDowall.- Where do you want to go today [in attribute space]? Andre Skupin.- Section IV. Transportation.- Reexamining ICT impact on travel, Feng Zhang, Kelly Clinton and Qing Shen.- Influence of mobility information services on transport behaviour, Verena Franken and Barbara Lenz.- Shared ride trip planning with geosensor networks, Silvia Nittel, Stephan Winter, Arda Nural and Trang Cao.- Section V. Mobile Information Services.- Mobile ICT in public spaces and its impact on privacy, Karsten Weber, Ricarda Drueke, Axel Schulz.- The dimensions of locational privacy, Scott Bridwell.- Location-based services: Enabling technologies and a concierge service model, Seungmo Kang, Tschangho John Kim and Sung-Gheel Jang.- From Cyberspace to DigiPlace: Visibility in an age of information and mobility, Matthew Zook and Mark Graham.- Paradoxical consequences of location-based services: A tetradic analysis using McLuhan's Law of the Media, Daniel Sui.- Section VI. Social and Economic Networks.- Theevolving social geography of blogs, Suchirita Gopal.- Cell phones and places: The use of mobile technologies in Brazil, Adriana de Souza e Silva.- Inter-firm relations in the age of instant access: Case of the U.S. logistics industry, Yuko Aoyama and Samuel J. Ratick.- Section VII. Community.- Rethinking public participation as instant access to virtual meetings, Timothy Nyerges and Michael Patrick.- Digital Middletown: A glimpse at the information society, O'Neal Smitherman.
Information processing ability of binary detectors and block decoders

This paper applies the concepts of information processing [S. Sinanovic et al., Jun. 2002] to the study of binary detectors and block decoders in a single user digital communication system. We quantify performance in terms of the information transfer ratio /spl gamma/ which measures how well systems preserve discrimination information between two stochastic signals. We investigate hard decision detectors and minimum distance decoders in various additive noise environments. We show that likelihood ratio digital demodulators maximize /spl gamma/.
Work-Family Conflict, Sleep, and Mental Health of Nursing Assistants Working in Nursing Homes

Work-family conflict is challenging for workers and may lead to depression, anxiety, and overall poor health. Sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of mental health; however, the role of sleep in the association between work-family conflict and mental health is not well-studied. Questionnaires were collected from 650 nursing assistants in 15 nursing homes. Multivariate linear regression modeling demonstrated that increased work-family conflict was associated with lower mental health scores (β = -2.56, p < .01). More work-family conflict was correlated with more job demands, less job control, less social support, and longer work hours. Poor sleep quality, but not short sleep duration, mediated the association between work-family conflict and mental health. Workplace interventions to improve nursing assistants' mental health should increase their control over work schedules and responsibilities, provide support to meet their work and family needs, and address healthy sleep practices.
Physical Functioning Among Older Adults New to Long-Term Services and Supports

Background and Objectives To identify determinants of self-reported physical functioning (PF) among older adults new to long-term services and supports (LTSS). Research Design and Method Using the International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, we conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported data on symptoms, basic/instrumental activities of daily living, quality of life, assistive devices, physical therapy needs, prior healthcare utilization, health status, and demographics from 470 older adults new to LTSS (Home/Community-Based n = 156; Assisted Living n = 156; Nursing Home n = 158). Multiple linear regression was used to identify associations between ICF constructs and self-reported PF (SF-12 Physical Composite Summary score [SF12PCS], lower scores indicate worse PF). Results LTSS recipients were mostly female (71%) and over age 80 (Mean: 80.9 years, SD: 8.7). LTSS recipients' mean SF12PCS score was 37.3 (SD 11.0), indicating overall low self-reported PF. LTSS recipients living in their homes (b = -3.35, p = .003) or assisted living facilities (b = -2.93, p = .012) had significantly lower mean scores compared to recipients in nursing homes. Higher SF12PCS scores were associated with fewer activities of daily living deficits (p < .001), and better quality of life (p < .001). Lower scores were associated with more symptoms (p < .001), poorer nutrition (p = .013), ambulation aid use (p < .001), and physical therapy (p < .026). Discussion and Implications Diverse health, activity, and environmental factors may facilitate early identification of new LTSS recipients most in need of interventions to optimize self-reported PF. Several health conditions may be targets for such interventions. Additional research is needed to evaluate and compare PF trajectories among older adults receiving LTSS in diverse settings.
Designing broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 gRNAs to target patient-derived variants

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), including specific guide RNAs (gRNAs), can excise integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus from host chromosomes. To date, anti-HIV-1 gRNAs have been designed to account for off-target activity, however, they seldom account for genetic variation in the HIV-1 genome within and between patients, which will be crucial for therapeutic application of this technology. This analysis tests the ability of published anti-HIV-1 gRNAs to cleave publicly available patient-derived HIV-1 sequences to inform gRNA design and provides basic computational tools to researchers in the field.
Interview with Michelle Everson

(2012). Interview with Michelle Everson. Journal of Statistics Education: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. null.
Transcervical fallopian tube catheterization and recanalization for proximal tubal obstruction

Objective To evaluate further the safety and efficacy of selective ostial salpingography combined with transcervical wire recanalization for the diagnosis and treatment of proximal tubal obstruction. Design Prospective study. Setting Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Department of Radiology at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, a tertiary care academic institution. Patients Twenty-eight infertile patients diagnosed with proximal tubal obstruction by hysterosalpingogram (HSG) or by chromopertubation at laparoscopy (total of 46 obstructed tubes). Interventions After antibiotic prophylaxis and IV analgesia a conventional HSG was performed. If proximal tubal obstruction was confirmed, selective salpingography was done under fluoroscopic guidance. If proximal tubal obstruction was still present, wire recanalization using a new prototype cannula was then performed. If recanalization was successful, contrast media was injected to confirm tubal patency. Main Outcome Measures Proximal tubal patency, complete tubal patency, pregnancies. Results Eleven of 46 tubes (23.9%) were patent by HSG. Ostial salpingography of the remaining 35 tubes revealed 6 patent tubes (13%). Nine of the 29 obstructed tubes (31%) had successful wire recanalization, and 8 of these were patent distally. There were 4 intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs) and 1 ectopic pregnancy after recanalization and 2 IUPs after ostial salpingography. Conclusion Selective salpingography should be considered at the time of an HSG showing proximal tubal obstruction. If indicated, wire recanalization can also be attempted. Selective ostial salpingography combined with wire recanalization is a safe and effective procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of PTO.
Development of Centrifugal Pumps for Operation with Liquid Metals and Molten Salts at 1100–1500°F

Sump-type centrifugal pumps ranging in capacity from 2 to 1500 gpm were developed for circulating liquid metals and molten salts at temperatures up to 1500 deg F in metallurgical, heat transfer, and reactor experiments. Each of these pumps uses a nearly conventional bearing assembly to support a vertical shaft and an impeller suspended in a tank containing the high-temperature liquid and an inert blanketing gas. Drive motors and lubrication equipment are external to the pump proper. Seven different models of the sump-type pumps were manufactured and about 400,000 hr of operation were accumulated in the temperature range 1100 to 1500 deg F. Problems resolved in the development of these pumps are discussed. Limitations on the use of this type of pump for reactor and nonreactor applications are noted. (auth)
Large area super-resolution chemical imaging via rapid dithering of a nanoprobe

Super-resolution chemical imaging via Raman spectroscopy provides a significant ability to simultaneously or pseudosimultaneously monitor numerous label-free analytes while elucidating their spatial distribution on the surface of the sample. However, spontaneous Raman is an inherently weak phenomenon making trace detection and thus superresolution imaging extremely difficult, if not impossible. To circumvent this and allow for trace detection of the few chemical species present in any sub-diffraction limited resolution element of an image, we have developed a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coherent fiber-optic imaging bundle probe consisting of 30,000 individual fiber elements. When the probes are tapered, etched and coated with metal, they provide circular Raman chemical images of a sample with a field of view of approximately 20μm (i.e. diameter) via the array of 30,000 individual 50 nm fiber elements. An acousto-optic tunable filter is used to rapidly scan or select discrete frequencies for multi- or hyperspectral analysis. Although the 50nm fiber element dimensions of this probe inherently provide spatial resolutions of approximately 100nm, further increases in the spatial resolution can be achieved by using a rapid dithering process. Using this process, additional images are obtained one-half fiber diameter translations in the x- and y- planes. A piezostage drives the movement, providing the accurate and reproducible shifts required for dithering. Optimal probability algorithms are then used to deconvolute the related images producing a final image with a three-fold increase in spatial resolution. This paper describes super-resolution chemical imaging using these probes and the dithering method as well as its potential applications in label-free imaging of lipid rafts and other applications within biology and forensics.
Statistical QoS-Driven Power Allocation for Cooperative Caching over 5G Big Data Mobile Wireless Networks

In order to effectively guarantee the statistically delay-bounded multimedia services over time-varying wireless channels, the statistical quality-of-service (QoS) technique has been developed over 5G big data mobile wireless networks. On the other hand, as one of the 5G-promising techniques, the wireless caching enabled WiFi offloading technique is shown to be powerful in addressing the data explosion problem and alleviating the network congestion problem in macrocells. Consequently, challenges have been imposed in applying the cooperative caching schemes for maximizing the successful playback probability under statistical delay-bounded QoS constraints. To effectively overcome the above-mentioned problems, we propose the statistical QoS-driven power allocation scheme through applying the cooperative caching enabled WiFi offloading system over 5G big data mobile wireless networks. In particular, under the Nakagami- \textit{m} fading model, we establish the system models for cooperative caching and wireless transmissions. Given the statistical QoS constraints, we derive and analyze the aggregate effective capacity and the successful playback probability under our developed optimal power allocation policies for the QoS-driven cooperative caching enabled WiFi offloading. Also conducted is a set of simulations which analyze and show the priority of our proposed cooperative caching enabled WiFi offloading scheme, compared with the schemes without cooperative caching in terms of effective capacity under statistical QoS constraints over 5G big data mobile wireless networks.
Assessing Cigarette Craving With a Squeeze

We evaluated the utility of a nonverbal, “visceral” measure of cigarette craving (squeezing a handheld dynamometer). Nicotine-deprived daily smokers (N = 202) underwent a cued (lit cigarette) cigar...
Headaches in Pregnancy and Postpartum

This chapter will discuss both migraine as well as some of the secondary headaches encountered during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The most common headache referred for neurologic consultation is migraine. Some of the other secondary headaches seen in pregnancy including idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), headaches associated with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PEE), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), and postural puncture headaches (PDPH), will also be discussed. The chapter will focus on the epidemiology, common presentations, evaluation and best treatment of these headaches in women during pregnancy and postpartum.
IEEE Microwave Week 2019 [From the Editor's Desk]

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication focusing on the IMS 2019 Conference.
Blurring the Paradigmatic Edges: Navigating the Boundaries Between Critical-Interpretive and Interpretive Approaches to Health Communication Research

Critical-interpretive health communication (CIHC) scholars take seriously the imperative to “take an ethical position” on communicative phenomenon, specifically identifying both issues of power as well as opportunities to catalyze social change (Zoller & Kline, 2008, p. 93) Yet, researchers are also likely to encounter competing impulses to understand or even appreciate others’ lived experiences in line with interpretive health communication (IHC) practices. My perspective essay traces the blurry edges between CIHC and IHC, and offers guidance to researchers who traverse these borders. Specifically, I articulate the key points of convergence and divergence between CIHC and IHC perspectives, and consider the questions and implications accompanying these approaches.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of an organometallic phosphonate [η6-1,2-C6H4(OCH3)(P(O)(OCH2CH3)2)]Cr(CO)3

The chiral, racemic, arene phosphonate complex, [tη6-1,2-C6H4(OCH3t)(P(O)(OCH2CH3t)2)t] Cr(CO)3 (1), was prepared via the reaction of 1,2-C6H4(OCH3)(P(O)(OCH2CH3)2) with Cr(CO)6 in refluxing dioxane/THF. The title complex crystallized in P1 with the cell dimensions: a = 8.4893(4) A, b = 11.0638(9) A, c = 11.2135(8) A, and α = 62.151(8)○, β = 105.154(5)○, γ = 112.426(6)○, giving a volume of 856.34(10) A3. The conformation of 1 is described as eclipsed (E) in which the methoxy substituent eclipses a carbonyl ligand of the tripod, and the phosphonate substituent is staggered.
Correction to: the Twofold Task of Union

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. In footnote 1, the “[My 2013]” and “[My other 2013]” should be updated.
A proposal of an alternative primer for the ARTIC Network's multiplex PCR to improve coverage of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing

Abstract A group of biologists, ARTIC Network, has proposed a multiplexed PCR primer set for whole genome analysis of the novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, soon after the epidemics of this pathogen was revealed. The primer set seems to have been adapted already by many researchers worldwide and contributed for the high-quality and prompt genome epidemiology of this potential pandemic virus. We have also seen the great performance of their primer set and protocol; the primer set was able to amplify all desired PCR products with fairy small amplification bias from clinical samples with relatively high viral load. However, we observed acute drop of reads derived from two particular PCR products, 18 and 76, out of the 98 designated products as sample’s viral load decreases. We suspected the reason for this low coverage issue was due to dimer formation between primers used to amplify those two PCR products. Here, we propose replacing just one of those primers, nCoV-2019_76_RIGHT(−), to a newly designed primer. The result of the replacement of primer showed improvement in coverage at both regions targeted by the products, 18 and 76. We expect this simple modification will extend the limit for whole SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis to samples with lower viral load and enhance genomic epidemiology of this pathogen.