cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological and ergogenic effects of music in swimming

We investigated the effects of listening to medium-to-fast tempo asynchronous music on performance, heart rate (HR), perceived exertion, and affect during an acute bout of swimming at a self-selected pace. Healthy college-aged recreational swimmers (n=20; M age =20.3±2.0 years) were studied on two occasions in randomised order: swimming 1,200 m while listening to music (125-140 beats per minute) or during a no-music control trial. Following a period of habituation to the SwiMP3 audio player, HR, rating of perceived exertion, feeling scale responses and performance time trials were assessed for each 200 m during the 1,200 m freestyle swimming trial, each interspersed with a one min rest period. Participants swam significantly faster during the asynchronous music condition relative to control (P<0.01, η 2 =0.32). Although music had no significant influence on perceived exertion, the music condition was associated with more favourable arousal (P<0.01, η 2 =0.40) and affective (P<0.05, η 2 p =0.19) responses. These findings suggest that both recreational and competitive swimmers may benefit from the use of underwater MP3 players and music.
Prognostic value of p53 and MIB-1 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional lymph node involvement

Background The effect of p53 protein expression and MIB-1 proliferative activity on survival and chemotherapeutic response in patients with lymph node (LN)-positive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of these markers to predict disease-associated outcomes and response to chemotherapy in a cohort of patients with LN-positive TCC. Methods The authors examined the expression of p53 and MIB-1 in the LN metastases from 139 patients who underwent cystectomy for TCC at their institution. P53 and MIB-1 nuclear staining were quantified using an image-analysis system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test associations of these markers with death from TCC, distant metastases, and local recurrence for all patients and in the subset of patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The median p53 and MIB-1 indices were 45.2% and 30.3%, respectively. The median follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 0.1–10 years). There were no statistically significant associations noted between the p53 and MIB-1 indices and the outcomes studied. When the analysis was limited to patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 37 patients), the p53 index was found to have no prognostic value; however, there was a significant association between MIB-1 and distant metastases (P = 0.049). When disease-specific survival rates were stratified according to p53 index and chemotherapy, patients exhibited a response to chemotherapy regardless of p53 index. Conclusions p53 and MIB-1 were not found to be associated significantly with disease-related outcomes in patients with LN-positive TCC. Adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be effective regardless of p53 status. MIB-1 may prove useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.
Cantor ring diffractals

Abstract We examine diffraction by a new class of Cantor ring diffractals (Cantor targets) based on a polyadic Cantor set described by several fractal descriptors including fractal dimension, lacunarity, number of gaps, and stage of growth. We find scaling properties characteristic of these diffractals and examine their radiation patterns through the use of twist plots. These twist plots can be used to find lacunarity “windows” where diffracted sidelobes are relatively low. We find that Cantor ring diffractals have distinctive subfractal, fractal and superfractal diffraction regimes whose boundaries we predict from the diffractal geometry.
Theoretical and Experimental Aeroelastic Study for Folding Wing Structures

Folding wing aeroelastic experimental models have been designed and tested in the Duke wind tunnel. The folding wing structure is also modeled theoretically using linear plate theory and divided into three components: the fuselage, the inboard wing, and the outboard wing. A component modal analysis is used to derive the full structural equations of motion for the combined system. A three-dimensional time domain vortex lattice aerodynamic model is used in conjunction with the structural model to investigate the stability of the linear aeroelastic system. The effects of the inboard and outboard torsional stiffness at the attachment points between the components and also the folding angle at the interface lines are discussed. The theoretical and experimental results provide new insights into the folding wing aircraft dynamic behavior and a deeper understanding of aeroelastic stability and its potential impact on a folding wing design.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy as a tool for imaging cancellous bone

Understanding the bimodal structure of cancellous bone is important for tissue engineering in order to more accurately fabricate scaffolds to promote bone ingrowth and vascularization in newly forming bone. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to create detailed images of the bimodally porous intertrabecular space of defatted and deproteinized cancellous canine bone taken from the epiphysis of the humerus. The bimodal pore structure was imaged using both reflective and fluorescent modes in CLSM, resulting in four different, but complementary image types: (1) a Z-stack overlay, (2) a phi-Z scan, (3) a topographical map, and (4) a contour map. Submerging the bone in rhodamine B dye prior to fluorescent imaging enhanced the pore surface details, giving a more accurate pore size measurement. The average macropore diameter was found to be 260 +/- 97 microm while the average micropore diameter was 13 +/- 10 microm. When compared with common techniques, including microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy, for imaging cancellous bone, CLSM was found to be an effective tool, given its ability to nondestructively image the surface and near-surface pore structure.
Clipeus Hesiodicus: Aeneid 8 and the Shield of Heracles

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the ecphrasis of Aeneid 8 contains an extensive pattern of allusion to the Ps.-Hesiodic Shield of Heracles. Other scholars have noted several of these references, but the frequency of such echoes and the scope of this subtext have, thus far, passed largely undetected. These recollections are not isolated nor are they merely learned allusions. Rather, they should be read in connection with the use of Herculean themes and imagery as a foil for Aeneas and, by extension, Augustus elsewhere in the Aeneid. As such, they are a vital complement to the Iliadic motifs that are also present in Aeneid 8. The resulting synthesis captures the celebratory optimism of the early principate while simultaneously acknowledging the strife whence it was born.
Timeliness vaccination of measles containing vaccine and barriers to vaccination among migrant children in East China.

Background The reported coverage rates of first and second doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) are almost 95% in China, while measles cases are constantly being reported. This study evaluated the vaccine coverage, timeliness, and barriers to immunization of MCV1 and MCV2 in children aged from 8–48 months. Methods We assessed 718 children aged 8–48 months, of which 499 children aged 18–48 months in September 2011. Face to face interviews were administered with children’s mothers to estimate MCV1 and MCV2 coverage rate, its timeliness and barriers to vaccine uptake. Results The coverage rates were 76.9% for MCV1 and 44.7% for MCV2 in average. Only 47.5% of surveyed children received the MCV1 timely, which postpone vaccination by up to one month beyond the stipulated age of 8 months. Even if coverage thus improves with time, postponed vaccination adds to the pool of unprotected children in the population. Being unaware of the necessity for vaccination and its schedule, misunderstanding of side-effect of vaccine, and child being sick during the recommended vaccination period were significant preventive factors for both MCV1 and MCV2 vaccination. Having multiple children, mother’s education level, household income and children with working mothers were significantly associated with delayed or missing MCV1 immunization. Conclusions To avoid future outbreaks, it is crucial to attain high coverage levels by timely vaccination, thus, accurate information should be delivered and a systematic approach should be targeted to high-risk groups.
Observation of the Spin-Forbidden Cameron Bands of CO in the Ultraviolet Emission Spectrum of the Red Rectangle

The center of the biconical nebula known as the Red Rectangle has been observed by using the ultraviolet spectrographs aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We report the observation of phosphorescence of the Cameron bands of CO (a3Π → X1Σ+) between 1850 and 2600 A. These bands are seen for the first time outside of the solar system. The bands are about one-fifth as strong as the accompanying emission bands of the spin-allowed Fourth Positive system. A charged-particle impact excitation mechanism is suggested for the direct production of CO (a3Π) from CO (X1Σ+). The C I (1D-1Po) line is observed at 1931 A, suggesting that a large amount of C I (1D) is also present.
Procedure for development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Development of an assay for human apolipoprotein A-I.

Abstract A set of criteria for selection of antibodies during the development of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Using these criteria, a competitive ELISA for human apo A-I using a polyclonal goat antibody was developed. The assay recognizes apo A-I from plasma and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as the pure delipidated apo A-I, equally. Intra- and inter-assay variations were 5.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Recovery rate, as determined by spiking a known quantity of pure delipidated apo A-I into a reference plasma, was determined to be 101.3%. The assay was validated by comparing the concentration of apo A-I in HDL with the dye elution method. The apo A-I ELISA to apo A-I dye elution ratio was 1.01. Apo A-I concentration in Centers for Disease Control reference material determined by this method was in agreement with the reported consensus value. Repeated freezing and thawing of the samples (three freeze-thaw cycles at -20°C) as well as long-term freezing (up to 1 year at -70°C) did not affect the concentration of apo A-I in the samples. The assay was applicable both to normolipidemic and dyslipidemic plasmas. No immunologie difference was noted when plasma from dyslipidemic subjects was assayed. A frequent problem of long-term storage is deamidation. The values found for apo A_I in a deamidated plasma were the same as those for the corresponding fresh plasma. Plasma apo A-I values were also positively correlated with that of HDL-cholesterol. It is concluded that with the proper selection of antibody, the assay can be robust and differences in quantification could be minimized.
Calibration of the retinal illuminance provided by Maxwellian views.

Abstract This article describes a new procedure for calibrating the retinal illuminance provided by a Maxwellian view optical system. The procedure is particularly easy to use with modern illuminometers.
Politics, Selection and the Public Interest; Besley's benevolent despot

This paper is an assessment of Besley’s attempt to orchestrate a rapprochement between public choice theory and conventional public economics—with its characteristic normative orientation towards public policy. In this paper, I first try to set the Besley enterprise in the context of earlier work—focussing on my own work with Buchanan (The Power to Tax and The Reason of Rules). I then direct attention to three aspects of the Besley enterprise: whether selecting for competence depends on having solved the motivation problem (either by incentive or selection means), how selection mechanisms might be supported institutionally and the possibility that selection processes might create incentives at the ‘dispositional’ level.
CATAPHORETIC CHARGES OF COLLODION PARTICLES AND ANOMALOUS OSMOSIS THROUGH COLLODION MEMBRANES FREE FROM PROTEIN.

1. It had been shown in previous papers that when a salt solution is separated from pure water by a collodion membrane, water diffuses through the membrane as if it were positively charged and as if it were attracted by the anion of the salt in solution and repelled by the cation with a force increasing with the valency. In this paper, measurements of the P.D. across the membrane (E) are given, showing that when an electrical effect is added to the purely osmotic effect of the salt solution in the transport of water from the side of pure water to the solution, the latter possesses a considerable negative charge which increases with increasing valency of the anion of the salt and diminishes with increasing valency of the cation. It is also shown that a similar valency effect exists in the diffusion potentials between salt solutions and pure water without the interposition of a membrane. 2. This makes it probable that the driving force for the electrical transport of water from the side of pure water into solution is primarily a diffusion potential. 3. It is shown that the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution affects the transport curves and the diffusion potentials in a similar way. 4. It is shown, however, that the diffusion potential without interposition of the membrane differs in a definite sense from the P.D. across the membrane and that therefore the P.D. across the membrane (E) is a modified diffusion potential. 5. Measurements of the P.D. between collodion particles and aqueous solutions (epsilon) were made by the method of cataphoresis, which prove that water in contact with collodion particles free from protein practically always assumes a positive charge (except in the presence of salts with trivalent and probably tetravalent cations of a sufficiently high concentration). 6. It is shown that an electrical transport of water from the side of water into the solution is always superposed upon the osmotic transport when the sign of charge of the solution in the potential across the membrane (E) is opposite to that of the water in the P.D. between collodion particle and water (epsilon); supporting the theoretical deductions made by Bartell. 7. It is shown that the product of the P.D. across the membrane (E) into the cataphoretic P.D. between collodion particles and aqueous solution (epsilon) accounts in general semiquantitatively for that part of the transport of water into the solution which is due to the electrical forces responsible for anomalous osmosis.
Prospective Evaluation of the Effect of Biphasic Waveform Defibrillation on Ventricular Pacing Thresholds

Effect of Defibrillation on Pacing Thresholds. Introduction: Significant increases in ventricular pacing threshold have been observed following monophasic waveform ventricular defibrillation shocks. High-output pacing is recommended to ensure consistent capture, particularly in pacemaker-dependent patients who are likely to be defibrillated. Whether biphasic waveform defibrillation compounds this problem is not known. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine serial changes in ventricular pacing thresholds following single, multiple, low- and high-energy biphasic defibrillation sbocks from an implanted defibrillator. Methods and Results: Bipolar pacing thresholds before and after defibrillation, and the adequacy of pacing capture at three times preshock threshold in the immediate aftermath of ventricular defibrillation, were prospectively evaluated in 67 consecutively tested recipients of a biphasic implanted cardioverter defibrillator. Overall, serial pacing thresholds following successful defibrillation were completely unchanged after 141 of 177 (80%) ventricular fibrillation inductions. In no case did the threshold pulse width increment > 0.06 msec from its baseline value after shock, nor did pacing at a pulse width of three times preshock threshold from dedicated bipolar pacing electrodes fail to result in successful ventricular capture. Changes in threshold were not related to when measured from the time of shock, defibrillation energy, number of shocks, electrode system, chronicity of leads, shock orientation, or to clinical factors. Conclusions: No clinically important changes in pacing threshold were observed after biphasic waveform defibrillation. Bradycardia pacing at conventional pacemaker outputs of three times baseline pulse width threshold from bipolar electrodes dedicated exclusively to pacing or sensing (but not defibrillation) consistently allowed for an adequate safety margin following defibrillation.
A Heuristic Method for Time Disaggregation of Seasonal Climate Forecasts

Abstract To be immediately useful in practical applications that employ daily weather generators, seasonal climate forecasts issued for overlapping 3-month periods need to be disaggregated into a sequence of 1-month forecasts. Direct linear algebraic approaches to disaggregation produce physically unrealistic sequences of monthly forecasts. As an alternative, a heuristic method has been developed to disaggregate the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center (CPC) probability of exceedance seasonal precipitation forecasts, and tested on observed precipitation data for 1971–2000 for the 102 forecast divisions covering the contiguous United States. This simple method produces monthly values that replicate the direction and amplitude of variations on the 3-month time scale, and approach the amplitude of variations on the 1-month scale, without any unrealistic behavior. Root-mean-square errors between the disaggregated values and the actual precipitation over the 30-yr test period and all forecast divisions averaged 0.94...
UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF STEREOTYPES OF WOMEN: VIRTUE AND AGENCY AS DIMENSIONS DISTINGUISHING FEMALE SUBGROUPS

A two-part study investigated the dimensional structure of stereotypes of women. In one sample (n = 258), participants sorted traits according to the likelihood that they would co-occur in the same...
Thermal decomposition of tetramethylsilane and tetramethylgermane by flash pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Thermal decomposition of tetramethylsilane (TMS) and tetramethylgermane (TMG) was studied on a short time scale of 20–100 μs using flash pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VUV-SPI-TOFMS). Primary decomposition of TMS and TMG occurred via loss of a methyl radical to form Si(CH 3 ) 3 and Ge(CH 3 ) 3 , respectively. Both the Si(CH 3 ) 3 and Ge(CH 3 ) 3 radicals underwent secondary loss of a second methyl radical to form :Si(CH 3 ) 2 and :Ge(CH 3 ) 2 , respectively. A previously unobserved secondary decomposition process in TMS involving loss of H atom from Si(CH 3 ) 3 followed by elimination of H 2 to form SiC 3 H 8 , SiC 3 H 6 , and SiC 3 H 4 was also identified. Sequential loss of the third and fourth methyl radical with significant formation of Ge and Ge 2 was observed in the TMG pyrolysis. Loss of a third methyl radical in the TMS pyrolysis was not significant, while Si and SiC products were possibly produced. Secondary reactions of methyl to form unsaturated C x H y species, particularly in the TMG decomposition, were also observed.
Measurements of some nuclear lifetimes in the nanosecond region

Abstract New delayed-coincidence measurements are reported for the mean lifetimes of some nuclear levels, namely (in order of increasing lifetime), 101Ru (127 keV), 1880s (155 keV), 95Mo (204 keV), 125Te (35.5 keV), 140Ce (2083 keV), 99Tc (181 keV), 191Ir (82 keV), 133Cs (80 keV), 48V (310 keV), and 181Ta (482 keV). The respective lifetimes are, in ns, 0.93 ± 0.02, 1.03 ± 0.03, 1.09 ± 0.02, 2.03 ± 0.05, 4.98 ± 0.13, 5.20 ± 0.13, 5.80 ± 0.17, 9.06 ± 0.20, 10.4±0.30, and 15.9 ± 0.5, respectively.
Divalent cation enhancement of the agglutinability by soyabean lectin of liposomes prepared from total lipid of erythrocytes and of erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 but not NaCl enhances the soyabean lectin-induced agglutination of liposomes prepared from total lipids of erythrocyte membranes. The addition of purified phosphatidylserine to the total lipids of erythrocyte membranes before the formation of liposomes inhibits lectin-induced agglutinability of the preparation in the absence of CaCl 2 , but not in its presence. When preformed phosphatidylserine liposomes are added to liposomes of total lipids of erythrocyte ghosts, they do not inhibit agglutination, indicating that phosphatidylserine does not inhibit the lectin directly. CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 but not NaCl also stimulates the soyabean lectin-induced agglutination of human erythrocyte membranes. Electron micrographs indicate that the liposome preparations are multilamellar and separate even in the presence of CaCl 2 . When such liposomes are treated with lectin with or without CaCl 2 , the electron micrographs show significant agglutination without apparent fusion. The reversal of the agglutination of liposomes by specific sugars followed by turbidimetric and electron microscopic techniques supports the conclusion that CaCl 2 stimulated lectin-induced agglutination is unaccompanied by fusion. The stimulation by divalent cations of lectin-induced agglutination of erythrocyte ghosts or of our liposomes may be due to a decrease in apparent surface charge of these membrane systems.
Effects of Fin Clipping and Other Factors on Survival and Growth of Smallmouth Bass

Abstract Fin clipped and control young-of-the-year smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede, were stocked in eight ponds and recovered a year later. A fin clip reduced survival; percentage recovery of fin clipped bass was about 1/2 to 1/3 that of control fish. No effect of fin clipping on growth was evident. Growth was inversely related to bass population density. When the effect of density on growth was removed, growth appeared to be curvilinearly related to minnow standing crop. Growth appeared to be food dependent at the lower food levels and independent at higher levels.
Precision and Noise in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy with Charge-Injection Device Detection

An inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-echelle optical system coupled with a charge-injection device (CID) detector was evaluated for precision and noise. Simultaneous collection of analyte wavelengths and simultaneous background correction have invalidated underlying assumptions in some traditional models. Signal flicker noise, a major limitation in single-channel detection, was eliminated by the time correlation of analyte and internal standard wavelengths. Once flicker noise was eliminated, most fluctuation was found to be caused by slight wavelength shifts along the axis of the detector, rather than by the theoretically predicted signal shot noise. This fluctuation can be corrected by increasing center subarray sizes or by employing well-matched internal standard lines. In either case, precision of 0.3 to 0.18% relative standard deviation (RSD) was achieved over a time span of 7 h. Background flicker noise was also eliminated by simultaneous background correction, demonstrating a multichannel advantage of ICP detection using charge-transfer devices. In this work, theoretical expressions were developed to incorporate major sources of noise based on the specific readout characteristics of an array detector. These expressions match experimental data extremely well for measurement of relative standard deviation in background (RSDB) and detection limits. These data have then been compared to the single-channel case, which describes photomultiplier tube (PMT) detection, as well as the theoretical limit dictated by background shot noise.
Infrared absorption of aligned H−Na+H− complexes in Kcl crystals

Abstract The localized vibrations of a complex in KCl consisting of a triangular array of two H− ions and one Na+ ion in substitutional, neighboring positions have been observed in infrared absorption. As one would expect for such a molecule, five modes are observed: two longitudinal modes at 365 and 508 cm-1, two complanar transverse modes along at 459 and 562 cm−1, and one transverse mode along at 551 cm−1.
High-reliability pump module for non-planar ring oscillator laser

We propose and have demonstrated a prototype high-reliability pump module for pumping a Non-Planar Ring Oscillator (NPRO) laser suitable for space missions. The pump module consists of multiple fiber-coupled single-mode laser diodes and a fiber array micro-lens array based fiber combiner. The reported Single-Mode laser diode combiner laser pump module (LPM) provides a higher normalized brightness at the combined beam than multimode laser diode based LPMs. A higher brightness from the pump source is essential for efficient NPRO laser pumping and leads to higher reliability because higher efficiency requires a lower operating power for the laser diodes, which in turn increases the reliability and lifetime of the laser diodes. Single-mode laser diodes with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) stabilized wavelength permit the pump module to be operated without a thermal electric cooler (TEC) and this further improves the overall reliability of the pump module. The single-mode laser diode LPM is scalable in terms of the number of pump diodes and is capable of combining hundreds of fiber-coupled laser diodes. In the proof-of-concept demonstration, an e-beam written diffractive micro lens array, a custom fiber array, commercial 808nm single mode laser diodes, and a custom NPRO laser head are used. The reliability of the proposed LPM is discussed.
Laser doppler imaging of activation-flow coupling in the rat somatosensory cortex.

Abstract Activation-flow coupling (AFC) provides a physiological basis for mapping cerebral activation using cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a surrogate marker for neuronal function. Laser Doppler offers a minimally invasive approach for measuring changes in cerebral blood flow but the spatial resolution of this technique is limited by the number of individual probes that can be used. Recently, laser Doppler imaging (LDI) scanners, which use computer-driven optics to scan and measure LD changes in two dimensions, have successfully measured flow changes in the exposed cortex of animals. Here we demonstrate the use of an LDI device through a thinned skull to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of AFC in α-chloralose anesthetized rats in response to electrical forepaw stimulation. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the AFC response measured by LDI are in agreement with prior results obtained using a single LD probe. These results suggest a promising role for LDI in the characterization of the spatiotemporal characteristics of AFC in animal models and possibly for intraoperative monitoring in the human brain.
Identification of Schizosaccharomyces pombe prenol as dolichol-16,17.

Abstract The identity of the prenol involved in N-linked glycosylation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was unknown. In order to determine the identity of the prenol, S. pombe cells were incubated with a metabolic precursor of prenol, tritiated mevalonolactone. The cells incorporated only a modest amount of label, about 1000 dpm per million cells, into base-stable lipid and only 1% of that radioactivity was incorporated into prenol. We found by normal phase silica HPLC and more directly by the lack of reactivity with MnO 2 that the labeled lipid was predominantly dolichol, not polyprenol. Reverse phase HPLC demonstrated that in S. pombe dolichol ranged between 14 and 18 isoprene units with dolichol-16,17 being the most abundant prenol. This dolichol is of an intermediate length, between the dolichol of S. cerevisiae and that of mammalian cells.
A Third Set of Corrections to “A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico”

Lists of corrections to “A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico” (1965) were published by the author in the Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 13: 115–25 (1967) and 17: 83–88 (1971). Further corrections are here placed on record, although only a few alter valid scientific names or authorship as recognized in the Catalog; such entries are starred (*). Entries are arranged by Catalog page number, with family and generic names as center headings to assist the reader. For brevity, subgeneric and author names are usually omitted. I am indebted to colleagues and correspondents for calling many of these corrections to my attention. Especial thanks for significant bibliographical information are due to Paul H. Arnaud, Jr. (p. 1191), R. W. Crosskey (p. 1156, 1223, 1331), and F. Christian Thompson (p. 1321, 1461).
New density estimation methods for charged particle beams with applications to microbunching instability

In this paper we discuss representations of charge particle densities in particle-in-cell simulations, analyze the sources and profiles of the intrinsic numerical noise, and present efficient methods for their removal. We devise two alternative estimation methods for charged particle distribution which represent significant improvement over the Monte Carlo cosine expansion used in the 2D code of Bassi et al. [G. Bassi, J. A. Ellison, K. Heinemann, and R. Warnock, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 080704 (2009); G. Bassi and B. Terzi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, in Proceedings of the 23rd Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 2009 (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2009), TH5PFP043], designed to simulate coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in charged particle beams. The improvement is achieved by employing an alternative beam density estimation to the Monte Carlo cosine expansion. The representation is first binned onto a finite grid, after which two grid-based methods are employed to approximate particle distributions: (i) truncated fast cosine transform; and (ii) thresholded wavelet transform (TWT). We demonstrate that these alternative methods represent a staggering upgrade over the original Monte Carlo cosine expansion in terms of efficiency, while the TWT approximation also provides an appreciable improvement in accuracy. The improvement in accuracy comes from a judicious removal of the numerical noise enabled by the wavelet formulation. The TWT method is then integrated into the CSR code [G. Bassi, J. A. Ellison, K. Heinemann, and R. Warnock, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 080704 (2009)], and benchmarked against the original version. We show that the new density estimation method provides a superior performance in terms of efficiency and spatial resolution, thus enabling high-fidelity simulations of CSR effects, including microbunching instability.
Experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis: location of transferring cells.

Cultured cells from Micropolyspora faeni-sensitized donors can adoptively transfer murine experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis (EHP). We sought to determine the location of transferred cells in recipient animals, the influence of the origin of the cultured cells, and the effect of specific intratracheal challenge. We labeled cultured sensitized spleen or lung-associated lymph node (LALN) cells with CFDA-SE, a cytoplasmic stain, before transfer to naive recipients, which were sacrificed 1 h, 1 day, or 4 days thereafter. We also transferred labeled cultured spleen cells to recipients that were challenged with intratracheal M. faeni and sacrificed 4 days later (MF). Controls were recipients of M. faeni-sensitized and cultured cells challenged with intratracheal normal saline (NS) and recipients of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized cells cultured with M. faeni and challenged with intratracheal M. faeni (OVA). The number and proportion of cells that were stained were determined in dispersed spleen, peripheral and lung-associated lymph nodes, and lung parenchyma. The extent of the pulmonary inflammatory response was measured by determining the proportion of microscopic fields that were abnormal and the total number of dispersed pulmonary cells. CFDA-SE stained cells uniformly, and stained cells could be detected in recipients for up to 7 days after transfer. CFDA-SE treatment (0.5 μM) did not affect the ability of cells to transfer EHP adoptively. Transferred cells could be detected easily in lung, lung-associated and peripheral lymph nodes, blood, and spleen. Transferred cells localized to the lung at 1 h but then rapidly decreased with no difference between labeled cells from spleen and LALN. After intratracheal M. faeni challenge, there was no difference in the proportion of labeled cells in the lung among any of the groups (MF, NS, or OVA). There was an increase in the number of lung cells in the MF group compared with the control (NS and OVA) groups. We conclude that cells capable of transfer are transiently (1 h) trapped in the lung but are much decreased in the lung by four days after transfer. After intratracheal antigen challenge of recipients, there is a substantial increase in the number of pulmonary cells in animals exhibiting adoptive EHP but not in the control groups. Transferred cells responsible for EHP are increased in the lungs of animals with adoptive EHP.
Transfer students from two-year institutions to four-year institutions at the course-level: a case of minority students population

This paper empirically investigates the performance of transfer students from two-year colleges to four-year institutions at the course-level, especially colleges with significant minority student population. Advantages of looking at transfer student’s performance at the course level are; transfer courses are prerequisites to an academic major and are sometimes used to screen applicants before they join into competitive programmes. Our results suggest that there is no significant difference of where a student received their lower level courses as long as they maintained good performance. Also the study recommends intervention for students who are admitted with lower GPA irrespective of the college they transfer from especially in quantitative subjects such as economics so that they can receive maximum academic benefits.
The American Accent in French

Author's Summary— This is a brief account of the ways of eradicating the American accent in French. Realizing that the average student in a conversation course has little time or talent for either phonetics or phonemics, an attempt is made here to “trouble shoot” the worst of his bad accent.
Complete amino acid sequence of the type III isozyme of rat hexokinase, deduced from the cloned cDNA.

Abstract Clones containing cDNA coding for the Type III isozyme of rat hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) were isolated from a library prepared in λ gt10 with rat liver mRNA. Three clones were characterized. Their composite sequence includes the entire coding region for Type III hexokinase, 3′ untranslated sequence extending into the polyadenylated region, and 80 bp of 5′ untranslated sequence. Extensive similarity in sequence of N- and C-terminal halves of the enzyme, previously seen with the Type I isozyme, is consistent with the view that these 100-kDa mammalian hexokinases are the evolutionary result of duplication and fusion of a gene coding for an ancestral hexokinase having a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. Extensive similarities are seen between sequences of the Type I and III isozymes, and those reported for mammalian glucokinase (also called Type IV hexokinase) and for the hexokinase and glucokinase of yeast. Residues thought to be involved in catalytic function are highly conserved in all of these enzymes. Based on a quantitative comparison of sequence similarities, it is concluded that the 50-kDa mammalian glucokinase is more closely related to the 100-kDa mammalian enzymes than it is to the 50-kDa enzymes from yeast. One interpretation of this might be that the mammalian glucokinase arose by resplitting of the gene coding for the 100-kDa mammalian hexokinases.
What to do with an equivocal myocardial perfusion study

If all these fails, what to do? One option is medical therapy. If a patient is felt to be reliable can he/she be followed medically with repeat testing in 1–2 years time? As prognosis worsens with the size and intensity of a perfusion defect, the chance of a near-term event in a patient with a borderline defect would be expected to be low. Many patients can accept some uncertainty if offered medical follow-up and a plan of action. The contribution by Abidov offers another option, CT coronary angiography and calcium scoring (CCTA). Abidov and colleagues prospectively evaluated the efficacy of 64-slice CCTA in 199 patients following either an MPI (83%) or stress echo (17%) felt to be equivocal or suspected to be inaccurate (for example, a discordance between an abnormal stress electrocardiogram and normal SPECT perfusion) by the referring cardiologist. CCTA studies were considered to be abnormal if (a) a stenosis was[50%, (b) if any segment of the coronaries could not be interpreted, or (c) if the Agatson score was C400. Cardiologists were informed of the results of the CCTA. Patients were then followed for C2 (mean 2.3 ± 0.7) years. The primary endpoint was the ability of a CCTA that demonstrated either normal coronaries or stenoses estimated to be B50% to identify subjects who could be then defined low risk. They defined low risk in two ways. First, among those who underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA), that no stenoses were demonstrated on QCA during ICA that were [50%. Second, among those who did not go on to ICA, low risk was defined as the absence of the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). They defined MACE as cardiac death, acute MI, unstable angina, or late myocardial revascularization ([90 days). They found that among 93 subjects with a normal CCTA, none underwent subsequent ICA and none of these subjects experienced a MACE. The 70 subjects in whom CCTA From the Mission Internal Medicine Group, Mission Viejo, CA; Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA. Reprint requests: Gregory S. Thomas, MD, MPH, Mission Internal Medicine Group, Mission Viejo, CA; gthomas9@mac.com. J Nucl Cardiol 2009;16:683–5. 1071-3581/$34.00 Copyright 2009 by the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. doi:10.1007/s12350-009-9125-6
Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian

The following remarks are intended to be merely general indications of overall problems which nonetheless, I believe, are necessary before one investigates specific words or concepts which may be borrowed by one culture from another.
Phosphorescence characteristics of acetophenone, benzophenone, p-aminobenzophenone and michlercs ketone in various environments

The phosphorescence characteristics (excitation and emission spectra and lifetimes) of acetophenone (AP), benzophenone (BP), p-aminobenzophenone (PABP) and Michler's ketone (MK) adsorbed on Whatman No. 1 filter paper were measured at various temperatures, and compared with the phosphorescence characteristics in different solvent glasses at 77 K. Both AP and BP phosphoresce on filter paper only at low temperature (208 K). The phosphorescence lifetimes of AP and BP are < 1 msec, indicating a (3)(n,pi(*)) lower triplet level for paper substrates. With PABP, the low lying triplet state in polar solvents is (3)(CT) and in non-polar solvents is (3)(n, pi(*)); PABP on filter paper results in spectral characteristics similar to those of PABP in polar solvents at 77 K. The lifetime of PABP is longer than that of BP, indicating a (3)(CT) low-lying triplet state. MK, like PABP, has strongly environment-dependent photophysical properties. MK, when adsorbed on filter paper, has an intense long-lived luminescence at room temperature, resulting in a limit of detection of 3 ng ml or 3 pg, and a linear dynamic range of over 3 orders of magnitude. MK appears to be strongly hydrogen-bonded to the filter paper. In studies in ethanol and other solvents, MK adsorbed on filter paper shows a dramatic change in its phosphorescence spectrum when the temperature is lowered from 298 K to 208 K; the phosphorescence peak moves to longer wavelengths and the intensity decreases. The temperature effect could arise from the presence of several conformers of MK or be due to different environmental sites or E-type delayed fluorescence. The low-lying triplet state of MK on filter paper is most likely a (3)(CT) state. Lowering the temperature appears to increase the phosphorescence intensity for ketones which phosphoresce in the (3)(n,pi(*)) triplet state, but affects it only slightly for analytes which phosphoresce in the (3)(pi,pi(*)) triplet state. Room-temperature phosphorescence seems to arise for aromatic ketones and aldehydes with low-lying (3)(pi, pi(*)) or (3)(CT) triplet states.
Americans' views about the adequacy of health care for children and the elderly.

ABSTRACT: Recent attempts to increase health coverage for specific populations incrementally have been more successful than efforts to dramatically reconfigure the health care system. We present fi...
Determinants of gastrointestinal complications in aortic surgery

Gastrointestinal complications after aortic surgery are unusual; conse quently, their natural history has not been adequately defined. The authors reviewed 505 cases of aortic reconstruction done over a fourteen-year period in order to assess the clinical significance of postoperative gastrointestinal compli cations on outcome and to determine if there were preoperative or operative predictive factors for the development of such complications. There were 37 cases of gastrointestinal complications (7.3%). No significant difference was found between the complication rates after aneurysm resection versus aortic bypass for occlusive disease. Overall, the complication rates were: small bowel obstruction, 2.2%; gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 1.6%; small bowel ischemia, 1.2%; and colon ischemia, abdominal abscess, local trauma, pancreatitis, aor toenteric fistula and jaundice, each < 1%. More than one half of the complica tions occurred during the same hospitalization. Forty-three percent (16/37) were treated surg...
Heterogeneity in breast cancer

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. There is a high degree of diversity between and within tumors as well as among cancer-bearing individuals, and all of these factors together determine the risk of disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Advances in technologies such as whole-genome sequencing and functional viability screens now allow us to analyze tumors at unprecedented depths. However, translating this increasing knowledge into clinical practice remains a challenge in part due to tumor evolution driven by the diversity of cancer cell populations and their microenvironment. The articles in this Review series discuss recent advances in our understanding of breast tumor heterogeneity, therapies tailored based on this knowledge, and future ways of assessing and treating heterogeneous tumors.
Opium Alkaloids IX: Detection of Coreximine in Papaver Somniferum L. Based on its Biosynthesis from Reticuline

Abstract Protoberberines are biosynthesized in plants from reticuline in such a way that the N -methyl group of reticuline becomes the methylene group in the 8-position. It was demonstrated in this study that coreximine, a tetrahydro-ψ-berberine, is also derived from reticuline. (±)-Reticuline-(3- 14 C) administered to intact opium poppies was incorporated into coreximine to an extent of 0.174%, and controlled degradation showed that the radioactivity was located at the C-6 position. Consequently, it could be concluded that the opium poppy is capable of converting reticuline to coreximine, and that coreximine, like scoulerine and isocorypalmine, is a normal member of the opium alkaloids. In the same way, it was shown that canadine, tetrahydropalmatine, stylopine, and berberine were not present in the plants in detectable amounts.
Feasibility of Evoked Potentials as a Probe for Exploring Sleep

Sleep studies concerning auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by high stimulation rates are infrequent due to limitations in AEP extraction methods. Stages of sleep are conventionally determined by visual scoring of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-cycles may help us explore how sleep affects AEPs and, in the future, may be suitably implemented as dynamic probes for the neurophysiological monitoring of sleep. In this study we implemented deconvolution methods to extract AEPs, and extend the scoring method by incorporating quantitative EEG descriptors. Data were collected according to a protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Miami. Subjects were recorded under two conditions: sleep and resting-wakefulness. For each condition, three auditory stimulus regions were delivered in series: 5 Hz low-rate (control), 30 Hz high-rate stimuli region, and silence region (control). To assess the underlying sleep stages, EEG was collected and scored according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines and further analyzed with quantitative descriptors. Preliminary results demonstrated changes in the AEPs components that correspond to the changes of sleep depth. In conclusion, this methodology appears feasible to monitor sleep and investigate underlying brain processing changes in sleep.
Measurement of the electrical resistance of metal-thermoelectric semiconductor contacts

Abstract Small contact resistance in thermoelectric junctions relative to the volume resistance is an important factor in the efficiency of the thermoelectric element. A systematic study of different bonding techniques requires a sensitive measuring method. Several methods are discussed and a four-terminal bridge method is described in detail. This method allows one to measure contact resistances of the order of 1 microΩ∗ with an accuracy of ± 5 per cent. Measurements on nickel-plated and unplated soldered junctions of doped Bi2Te3 with copper having a contact resistance of 10 microΩ showed no rectification, but a variation of almost 100 per cent in contact resistance around the periphery of the junction.
The Persistence of Underpowered Studies in Psychological Research: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies.

Underpowered studies persist in the psychological literature. This article examines reasons for their persistence and the effects on efforts to create a cumulative science. The "curse of multiplicities" plays a central role in the presentation. Most psychologists realize that testing multiple hypotheses in a single study affects the Type I error rate, but corresponding implications for power have largely been ignored. The presence of multiple hypothesis tests leads to 3 different conceptualizations of power. Implications of these 3 conceptualizations are discussed from the perspective of the individual researcher and from the perspective of developing a coherent literature. Supplementing significance tests with effect size measures and confidence intervals is shown to address some but not necessarily all problems associated with multiple testing.