cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Medication Use After Dementia Diagnosis in an Observational Cohort of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To assess changes in medication use after a diagnosis of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design Difference-in-differences analysis of changes in the number of dispensed chronic medications between individuals with and without newly diagnosed dementia. Setting Integrated healthcare delivery system, Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Participants Individuals aged 50 and older without prevalent dementia with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in a baseline survey. During 5 years of follow-up, 193 individuals with a new diagnosis of dementia were identified, and risk-set sampling was used to randomly select five reference subjects per case matched on 5-year age categories and sex (965 matched participants), resulting in an analytical sample of 1,158. Measurements The exposure was new diagnosis of dementia. The primary outcome was change in number of current chronic medications (total, cardiovascular (blood pressure and lipid control), diabetes mellitus) at three times: 1 year before index date (preindex date), date of diagnosis of dementia or matched reference date (index date), and up to 1 year after index date or end of follow-up if censored before 1 year (postindex date). Results After adjustment, the number of chronic medications and the subset of cardiovascular medications declined after a dementia diagnosis in the overall cohort and in age-, sex-, and time-matched reference individuals, but the decline was significantly greater in the group with dementia (0.71 medications fewer than the reference group, P = .02). The number of diabetes mellitus medications declined in both groups, but the declines were not statistically different (0.18 medications fewer than the reference group, P = .008). Conclusions Use of cardiometabolic medications fell after a diagnosis of dementia, as recommended in national guidelines.
Hemispheric Anomalies in ADHD: MRI Analyses

Volumetric MRI brain analyses were compared in 15 male ADHD subjects without comorbidity (mean age, 12.4 years) and 15 normal controls at the University of California, Irvine, CA.
On the Aetiology of Malocclusion: The Northcroft Lecture, 1985 Presented to the British Society for the Study of Orthodontics, Oxford, April 18, 1985

口腔正畸是一门临床学科,通过基础和临床研究促使它不断得到发展,临床新技术直接推动了口腔正畸矫治水平的提高.近年来在临床口腔正畸推广应用的4项新技术--种植体支抗、自锁托槽、改进后的舌侧矫正技术和无托槽矫正技术,应该引起我们的关注.因为由此可能带来正畸发展的一个快速阶段。
Thermal characterization and challenges of advanced interconnects (Invited)

Technology scaling and driving to high performance have led to more joule heating in both devices and interconnects. Since temperature is one of the most sensitive factors impacting interconnect reliability, this paper focuses on the thermal characteristics of metal lines with different geometries and surroundings to accurately assess local temperature of different circuit designs. The experimental results reported can be used as basic input parameters and calibration baseline for thermal model development and simulations.
Microstructures and formation history of melilite-rich calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite

Abstract We have studied four melilite-rich calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) from the Allan Hills A77307 CO3.0 chondrite using transmission electron microscopy with the focused ion beam sample preparation technique. This type of CAI represents one of the dominant types of refractory inclusions in CO3 chondrites. Individual melilite-rich CAIs 04–07 record complex formational histories involving high-temperature gas–solid condensation that occurred under both equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions. CAI 04 contains two texturally- and compositionally-distinct occurrences of perovskite: fine-grained perovskite within a melilite-rich core and aggregates of perovskite grains that surround the core. The perovskite in the core was probably involved in a disequilibrium reaction with early equilibrium condensates (e.g., melilite and spinel) and a nebular gas to form Al-Ti-rich diopside, followed by a later condensation of the perovskite aggregates under equilibrium conditions. CAI 05 has a compact melilite-rich core surrounded by a porous mantle, and likely formed by at least two different condensation events under equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions. In CAI 06, complex intergrowth layers of spinel and diopside surrounding a melilite-rich core indicate disequilibrium reaction of spinel and melilite with a nebular gas to form Al–Ti-rich diopside following core formation by equilibrium condensation. CAI 07 is dominated by melilite with a narrow compositional range and equilibrated textures, suggesting its formation by equilibrium condensation over a limited temperature range. Collectively, we infer that the melilite-rich inclusions formed by a generalized sequence of high-temperature gas–solid condensation that involved: (1) formation of CAI cores by aggregation of primary equilibrium condensates (i.e., perovskite, spinel, and melilite), (2) back-reactions of the primary core minerals with a nebular gas under disequilibrium conditions, forming diopside that evolves in composition from Al–Ti-rich at the interface with the inclusion core to Al–Ti-poor on the exterior of the inclusions. The change in formation conditions may have been achieved by transport and injection of the core materials into a region of a partially-condensed gas that still contained refractory elements in the gas phase.
Living Alone With Cognitive Impairment: Findings From the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Although most individuals experiencing cognitive impairment (CI) reside with a caregiver, an estimated 800,000 live alone. Such individuals may have an increased risk for injury to self or others through self-neglect as a result of the CI symptoms. While persons living alone with CI have been identified as an important area for needed research, few studies have been able to examine this population due to the challenges of identifying and recruiting study participants. By using the National Health & Aging Trends Study data set, the researchers explored the characteristics to describe this population. The results of this study indicated that the majority of persons living with CI were older, widowed females who were not diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or dementia but tested positive on cognitive screening measures. Further, the majority of persons living alone with CI relied on adult children and paid professionals as the primary care providers.
Use of 13C NMR Spectroscopy for Determination of Lipid Oxidation

Although 13C NMR spectroscopy is not as frequently used as 1H NMR spectroscopy, it is a very powerful tool to elucidate the molecular structure of a compound, especially when it is used with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shifts of 13C NMR signals are quite characteristic for specific carbons. Other techniques involving 13C NMR such as two dimensional (2D) NMR techniques (e.g. 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC)), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), and attached proton test (APT) are very useful tools to elucidate molecular structure of an organic compound. Therefore, the 13C NMR spectroscopy and related techniques have been used for analyses of foods and lipids. In many cases, 13C NMR is used along with 1H NMR since a 13C NMR spectrum is typically obtained from the same sample used for 1H NMR. Examples of the application of 13C NMR including distinguishing cis- and trans- isomers of a mono-unsaturated fatty acid, the determination of the fatty acid position in a triacylglycerol, simultaneous quantitative determinations of free fatty acids, contents of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, and fatty acid composition, the elucidation of the mechanism of lipid oxidation, the prediction of the stability of the non-polar portion of vegetable oil, and the detection of Diels-Alder products in oxidized oil are discussed in this chapter.
Clay minerals: A guide to their X-ray identification

Clay minerals are classified and non-clay minerals in the clay fraction listed. Chapters follow on: the environment and occurence of clay minerals; various kinds, their structures and diffraction patterns; x-ray diffraction as applied to clay mineralogy; preparation of clays for x-ray examination; quantitative estimation of clay minerals in a mixture.
A Novel Optimization Formulation for the Direct Computation of the Voltage Collapse Point

The knowledge of the critical loading point of a power system is essential to assess its voltage stability condition. This point is conventionally obtained through continuation power flows which are relatively accurate but requires considerable processing time. In this work, the search for the critical loading point is formulated as a constrained optimization problem which is solved using a robust scheme known as the Dog-leg Trust Region. This technique is mainly characterized by its reliability and fast convergence as it combines the merits of classical optimization algorithms and removes their limitations. Moreover, equipment limits can be easily incorporated into the problem as constraints. The proposed method was examined on several IEEE test systems. Besides successfully identifying the maximum loading point of these systems, the algorithm achieved a considerable saving in processing time when compared to the continuation power flow analysis of a widely used toolbox.
An Initialization Strategy for High-Dimensional Surrogate-Based Expensive Black-Box Optimization

Surrogate-based optimization methods build surrogate models of expensive black-box objective and constraint functions using previously evaluated points and use these models to guide the search for an optimal solution. These methods require considerably more computational overhead and memory than other optimization methods, so their applicability to high-dimensional problems is somewhat limited. Many surrogates, such as radial basis functions (RBFs) with linear polynomial tails, require a maximal set of affinely independent points to fit the initial model. This paper proposes an initialization strategy for surrogate-based methods called underdetermined simplex gradient descent (USGD) that uses underdetermined simplex gradients to make progress towards the optimum while building a maximal set of affinely independent points. Numerical experiments on a 72-dimensional groundwater bioremediation problem and on 200-dimensional and 1000-dimensional instances of 16 well-known test problems demonstrate that the proposed USGD initialization strategy yields dramatic improvements in the objective function value compared to standard initialization procedures. Moreover, USGD initialization substantially improves the performance of two optimization algorithms that use RBF surrogates compared to standard initialization methods on the same test problems.
A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Loading Cells with Flow Shop Configuration

This paper proposes a three-phase methodology for worker allocation and flowshop scheduling in a multistage manufacturing environment. A case study using a shoe manufacturing plant is examined. The proposed methodology consists of genetic algorithm and mathematical models. Phase 1 allocates workers in between operations in two separate stages in the manufacturing process. Phase 1 evaluates how workers are allocated between and within the manufacturing stages. Phase 2 uses worker allocations from phase 1 to perform cell loading based on machine-level-based similarity using genetic algorithms. Four different Genetic Algorithm approaches are proposed and evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of different manpower levels are also studied. Phase 3 schedules products within cells to optimize makespan, total tardiness, or number of tardy jobs.
EFFECT OF CASH RECONCILIATION ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Purpose: The main aim of the study was to examine the effect of cash reconciliation on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Methodology: The research was carried out through a descriptive survey research design. The study population was all the 43 commercial banks registered and licensed to operate in Kenya. A multi stage sampling approach was used. In the first stage, a census of all the 43 commercial banks was conducted, that is, the units of analysis were the commercial bank. In the second stage, purposive sampling was used where two respondents from every organization were taken. The study used both primary and secondary data for analysis. Primary data was collected using questionnaires while secondary data was obtained using secondary data collection template. A multiple linear regression model was used to link variables. Findings: The study findings indicated a positive correlation between cash reconciliation and financial performance of commercial banks. Cash reconciliation was positively and significantly related to both ROE and ROA. The study concluded that cash reconciliation is positively and significantly related to financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that commercial banks and other financial institutions involved in handling of cash should put in place proper reconciliation practices. The commercial banks should focus on increasing the number of times books are reconciled, increase the regularity of auditing the cash books, put in place and implement a policy on cash reconciliation, training its staff on conducting cash reconciliation and segregating the duties of cash reconciliation other duties so as to evolve specialization. The study recommended further studies to establish the effect of cash handling practices on financial performance of other financial institutions other than commercial banks. This will be crucial in comparison of the results and identification of more research gaps for future studies.
Non-operative management is feasible for selected blunt trauma patients with pericardial effusion.

Abstract Background Blunt pericardial effusion (BPE) in trauma patients can be suggestive of injuries to the heart or great vessels. Surgical exploration is the mainstay of management; however, the effectiveness of non-operative management in this patient group remains unclear. Methods Patients presenting with BPE in the trauma registry system at our level I trauma center were reviewed. Patients with and without cardiovascular (CVS) injury were compared to identify predictors for CVS injury and to understand the factors related to the requirement for surgery. Patients with and without CVS injury who presented with stable hemodynamics and initially received conservative management were also compared. Results Thirty patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 53.2 (standard deviation (SD) 18.0) years and a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 26.7 (SD 9.0). Eleven patients presented with systolic blood pressure (SBP) Comparisons of individuals with and without CVS injury revealed that the SBP on presentation was higher in patients without CVS injury than in those with CVS injury (132.7 (SD 41.3) mmHg vs. 95.6 (SD 21.1) mmHg). Clinically irrelevant differences between the two groups were observed for the creatine kinase (CK)-MB level, the troponin I level, the presence of an echocardiography tamponade sign, associated chest trauma and ISS. No remarkable predictors for CVS injury were found in hemodynamically stable patients. Conclusion Non-operative management can be considered for patents with traumatic BPE and stable hemodynamics; however, this approach must be performed at an institution with adequate facilities and well-trained staff.
Enabling access to healthy food alternatives for low-income families: the role of mobile technology

This research explores the barriers that marginalized citizens face with access to healthy alternatives to the high calorie, highly-processed foods available in most urban areas. Numerous barriers, including technology-related ones, are identified and propositions are offered that might reduce the negative effect of these challenges/encounters. From examining the benefit to citizens on public assistance that results from adequate education about healthy eating, to education on the existence of accessible healthy alternatives, and access to inexpensive accessible food sources this study focuses on offering possible real world solutions, both technology-related and non-technology related, to the barriers to inclusion of economically marginalized citizens.
An Examination of the Relative Abilities of Earnings and Cash Flows to ExplainReturns and Market Values

We examine why, as a summary statistic, earnings is better than cash flows at explaining contemporaneous returns despite being a worse predictor of future operating cash flows. Several studies compare the ability of earnings and operating cash flows to predict valuation-related outcome variables including, stock returns, market values, and future operating cash flows. Although past results are mixed, recent studies suggest earnings are a better summary predictor of returns while operating cash flows better predict future operating cash flows. In this study, we replicate these two findings using a constant sample and consistent variable definitions, and examine several possible explanations for why earnings outperform cash flows in explaining contemporaneous returns and market values. Our results suggest that earnings outperform cash flows in explaining variation in both future free cash flows and discount rates. When directly comparing the two, we find that earnings' superior ability to explain variation in discount rates is more responsible than its ability to explain variation in future free cash flows. We provide evidence that the mechanism by which earnings explain more variation in discount rates than cash flows is accounting conservatism or timely loss recognition.
Age/Cohort Differences in Judgments About Criminal Transgressions

To examine possible age/cohort differences in social judgment processes, young and older adults were asked to evaluate criminal offenders described in case files that manipulated both race of offender and the extenuating circumstances preceding the crime. Direct mail was used to reach a wider sample; 218 young (M = 30.21 years) and 167 older (M = 68.57 years) adults provided usable responses. Older adults more strongly recommended parole and estimated less future crime than young adults. There were no age differences in attributions to the criminal's basic nature, but respondents from older age groups and earlier born cohorts more frequently attributed crimes to circumstances. Respondents' judgments of White and Black criminals were generally equitable. Findings suggest that older adults may attach greater importance to contextual factors in their judgments of criminals' actions and make more circumstantial attributions than young adults when there is sufficient context to offer a nondispositional account for behavior.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in the Bladder

The urinary bladder has two major functions: 1) storage and 2) socially acceptable efficient emptying.1 To achieve this end the bladder has evolved as a highly compliant muscular sac with a specialized epithelial lining able to accommodate extensive variations in internal dimensions while maintaining an impervious luminal surface. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions play an important role in the differentiation of both the urothelium and the smooth muscle of the bladder.2 These interactions are also important in maintaining homeostasis and in responding to injury and insults in adulthood.3 There is evidence to support the idea that stromal-epithelial interactions also play important roles in both carcinoma of the urinary bladder4,5 and in fibrotic responses to urinary obstruction due to a number of causes.6 Such fibrotic responses lead to the formation of a non-compliant bladder, that is, an organ which is unable to expand sufficiently to maintain the low pressure internal environment required to both store urine and protect the kidneys from damage due to urinary reflux.
Manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency exacerbates the mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative damage in Chagas disease.

In this study, we have investigated the effects of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 or MnSOD) deficiency on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress during Chagas disease. For this, C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and MnSOD+/- mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), and evaluated at 150 days’ post-infection that corresponded to chronic disease phase. Genetic deletion of SOD2 decreased the expression and activity of MnSOD, but it had no effect on the expression of other members of the SOD family. The myocardial expression and activity of MnSOD were significantly decreased in chronically infected WT mice, and it was further worsened in MnSOD+/- mice. Chronic T. cruzi infection led to a decline in mitochondrial complex I and complex II driven, ADP-coupled respiration and ATP synthesis in the myocardium of WT mice. The baseline oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity in MnSOD+/- mice was decreased, and it had an additive effect on mitochondrial dysregulation of ATP synthesis capacity in chagasic myocardium. Further, MnSOD deficiency exacerbated the mitochondrial rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and myocardial oxidative stress (H2O2, protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal) in Chagas disease. Peripheral and myocardial parasite burden and inflammatory response (myeloperoxidase, IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase, inflammatory infiltrate) were increased in all chagasic WT and MnSOD+/- mice. We conclude that MnSOD deficiency exacerbates the loss in mitochondrial function and OXPHOS capacity and enhances the myocardial oxidative damage in chagasic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondria targeted, small molecule mitigators of MnSOD deficiency will offer potential benefits in averting the mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic oxidative stress in Chagas disease.
Read As You Believe: Redemptive Reading As Spiritual Pedagogy for Integrative Education

AbstractThat religious and theological education today largely neglects reading as a spiritual discipline is a profound pedagogical oversight. The fallout contributes to the bifurcation of intellectual and spiritual formation in education. While the dominant mode of reading in the academy is beholden to the Weberian solitary, detached, and disenchanted ideal, the Christian tradition presents rich resources for an alternative vision. "Redemptive reading" enacts a friendship hermeneutic exercising well-wishing, conversation, and discernment. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae exemplifies this approach. Redemptive reading is a spiritual pedagogy for an integrative approach to higher education.
(En)gauging Self: Toward a Practical Framework for Race Talk

Adult educators in higher education settings often facilitate topics that stir difficult dialogues on race and racism. In the United States, an increased population of racially diverse individuals ...
Latency constraint guided buffer sizing and layer assignment for clock trees with useful skew

Closing timing using clock tree optimization (CTO) is a tremendously challenging problem that may require designer intervention. CTO is performed by specifying and realizing delay adjustments in an initially constructed clock tree. Delay adjustments are typically realized by inserting delay buffers or detour wires. In this paper, we propose a latency constraint guided buffer sizing and layer assignment framework for clock trees with useful skew, called the (BLU) framework. The BLU framework realizes delay adjustments during CTO by performing buffer sizing and layer assignment. Given an initial clock tree, the BLU framework first predicts the final timing quality and specifies a set of delay adjustments, which are translated into latency constraints. Next, buffer sizing and layer assignment is performed with respect to the latency constraints using an extension of van Ginneken's algorithm. Moreover, the framework includes a feature of reducing the power consumption by relaxing the latency constraints and a method of improving the timing performance by tightening the latency constraints. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable of reducing the capacitive cost with 13% on the average. The total negative slack (TNS) and worst negative slack (WNS) are reduced with up to 58% and 20%, respectively.
PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

Introduction Substance use disorders are a growing problem among older adults that is largely unexplored and unaddressed. Acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder and buprenorphine is approved for the treatment of opiate use disorder. There is limited data on the use of these medications for the treatment of substance use disorders among older adults. The purpose of this review is to systematically review the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of these medications for the treatment of substance use disorders in the older adults. Methods We performed a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The search was restricted by age. Only double-blinded, randomized control trials published in English language were included in the final analysis. Results Two articles that evaluated the use of pharmacologic treatment of substance use disorders in the older adults were identified. One trial evaluated the use of naltrexone when compared to placebo for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individual ≥ 55 years in age. The other trial evaluated the use of naltrexone or placebo as adjuncts with sertraline in the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individuals ≥55 years in age. Both trials indicated that the use of naltrexone had efficacy in reducing the rates of relapse among older adults with alcohol use disorder. We did not identify any randomized controlled trials that studied the use of buprenorphine, acamprosate, or disulfiram for substance use disorders among older adults in this systematic review. Conclusions This systematic review indicates that naltrexone is effective for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among older adults. Data from controlled trials on the use of other medications that are FDA approved for the treatment of substance use disorders among younger adults is nonexistent among older adults with substance use disorders. This research was funded by Not applicable.
Risk of GI Bleeding Highest with Rivaroxaban, Lower with Apixaban, and Lowest with PPI Cotherapy

Among patients using oral anticoagulants alone, the risk of hospitalization for upper GI tract bleeding is highest with rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and lowest with apixaban (Eliquis).
A Real-Time Arrhythmia Heartbeats Classification Algorithm Using Parallel Delta Modulations and Rotated Linear-Kernel Support Vector Machines

Real-time wearable electrocardiogram monitoring sensor is one of the best candidates in assisting cardiovascular disease diagnosis. In this paper, we present a novel real-time machine learning system for Arrhythmia classification. The system is based on the parallel Delta modulation and QRS/PT wave detection algorithms. We propose a patient dependent rotated linear-kernel support vector machine classifier that combines the global and local classifiers, with three types of feature vectors extracted directly from the Delta modulated bit-streams. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. According to the AAMI standard, two binary classifications are performed and evaluated, which are supraventricular ectopic beat (SVEB) versus the rest four classes, and ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) versus the rest. For SVEB classification, the preferred SkP-32 method's F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictivity value are 0.83, 79.3%, 99.6%, and 88.2%, respectively, and for VEB classification, the numbers are 0.92%, 92.8%, 99.4%, and 91.6%, respectively. The results show that the performance of our proposed approach is comparable to that of published research. The proposed low-complexity algorithm has the potential to be implemented as an on-sensor machine learning solution.
Expansion of Coccidioidomycosis Endemic Regions in the United States in Response to Climate Change

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is a fungal disease endemic to the southwestern United States. Across this region, temperature and precipitation influence the extent of the endemic region and number of Valley fever cases. Climate projections for the western United States indicate that temperatures will increase and precipitation patterns will shift, which may alter disease dynamics. We estimated the area potentially endemic to Valley fever using a climate niche model derived from contemporary climate and disease incidence data. We then used our model with projections of climate from Earth system models to assess how endemic areas will change during the 21st century. By 2100 in a high warming scenario, our model predicts that the area of climate-limited endemicity will more than double, the number of affected states will increase from 12 to 17, and the number of Valley fever cases will increase by 50%. The Valley fever endemic region will expand north into dry western states, including Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Precipitation will limit the disease from spreading into states farther east and along the central and northern Pacific coast. This is the first quantitative estimate of how climate change may influence Valley fever in the United States. Our predictive model of Valley fever endemicity may provide guidance to public health officials to establish disease surveillance programs and design mitigation efforts to limit the impacts of this disease.
LABOR SUPPLY ESTIMATION BIASES FROM DISREGARDING NONWAGE BENEFITS

Labor supply models and research underpinned by labor supply decisions typically assume the agents’ choices are functions of wage and wage offers. However, there is evidence that these selections are not only wage-driven, but at least in part depend on non-wage benefits encompassed in jobs and occupations. In this paper, I develop and estimate a stochastic dynamic model of occupational and job choice, where non-wage benefits are directly incorporated into the decision alongside wages. A nested model within this is a wage model, representing common practice in the literature, where non-wage benefits are disregarded. I separately estimate the full model and the nested wage model in order to compare the implications of omitting non-wage benefits. Three analyses are compared: elasticities, economy-wide structural changes in occupations, and inequality reduction intervention policies. I find that while disregarding non-wage benefits generally causes biases, there are cases when the two models predict very similar outcomes and have close estimates, such as in occupational-specific elasticities and job transition elasticities. However, I demonstrate that these special cases are products of canceling biases, and that the same estimates on subpopulations are biased. These results suggest that in most cases, ignoring non-wage benefits will bias estimates by overestimating the importance of wage in the selection process (and so any intervention or change in wages will be over-emphasized) and by disregarding changes in relative prices between wage and non-wage benefits, such as happens through changes in wage taxes or in non-wage benefits. These biases can be severe. The results suggest that ignoring non-wage benefits in labor supply decisions is appropriate only in the special case in which subpopulation biases negate each other, which is atypical ∗I would like to thank Moshe Buchinsky and Maria Casanova for their invaluable and continual help in this project, as well as Rosa Matzkin, Arturo Harker, Seth Kerstein, Dan Ben-Moshe, Peter Bergman, anonymous referees at Review of Economics and Statistics, and seminar participants at UCLA, RAND, Syracuse University, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Census Bureau for numerous helpful comments and suggestions.
Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus .

The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus during the modern antibiotic era has been delineated by distinct strain emergence events, many of which include acquisition of antibiotic resistance. The relative high burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthcare and community settings is a major concern worldwide. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis, remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe MRSA infections. S. aureus strains exhibiting increased resistance to vancomycin, known as vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus (VISA) (MIC = 4-8 µg/mL), were discovered in the 1990s. The molecular basis of resistance in VISA is polygenic and involves stepwise mutations in genes encoding molecules predominantly involved in cell envelope biosynthesis. S. aureus isolates with complete resistance to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 16 µg/mL) are termed vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA)-they were first reported in the U.S. in 2002. Resistance in VRSA is conferred by the vanA gene and operon, which is present on a plasmid. Although treatment of VRSA infections is challenging, the total number of human VRSA infections to date is limited (14 in the U.S.). By comparison, the burden of VISA is relatively high and the molecular mechanisms of resistance are less well-defined. VISA are associated with persistent infections, vancomycin treatment failure, and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we review in brief progress made toward understanding the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying vancomycin resistance.
Quantitative Separation of Tremor and Ataxia in Essential Tremor

OBJECTIVE This study addresses an important problem in neurology, distinguishing tremor and ataxia using quantitative methods. Specifically, we aimed to quantitatively separate dysmetria, a cardinal sign of ataxia, from tremor in essential tremor (ET). METHODS In Experiment 1, we compared 19 participants diagnosed with ET undergoing thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS; ETDBS ) to 19 healthy controls (HC). We quantified tremor during postural tasks using accelerometry and dysmetria with fast, reverse-at-target goal-directed movements. To ensure that endpoint accuracy was unaffected by tremor, we quantified dysmetria in selected trials manifesting a smooth trajectory to the endpoint. Finally, we manipulated tremor amplitude by switching DBS ON and OFF to examine its effect on dysmetria. In Experiment 2, we compared 10 ET participants with 10 HC to determine whether we could identify and distinguish dysmetria from tremor in non-DBS ET. RESULTS Three findings suggest that we can quantify dysmetria independently of tremor in ET. First, ETDBS and ET exhibited greater dysmetria than HC and dysmetria did not correlate with tremor (R2 0.2). INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that dysmetria can be quantified independently of tremor using fast, reverse-at-target goal-directed movements. These results have important implications for the understanding of ET and other cerebellar and tremor disorders. Future research should examine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying each symptom and characterize their independent contribution to disability. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:375-387.
Mitigating dv/dt Stress Caused by the Line-line Voltage Polarity Reversal in Model Predictive Controlled VSI Drives

This paper deals with a particular problem in the conventional finite set model predictive control (FS-MPC) method in VSI drives. When FS-MPC is experimentally implemented, the controller chooses any one of the eight available voltage vectors. Therefore, if the controller selects any of the far states, simultaneous switching events among the inverter legs occur. This causes line-line voltage polarity reversal (LLVPR) with the voltage change twice the value of the DC-link voltage. The fast LLVPR combined with the reflected wave by the motor cable can damage the insulation of the stator winding. In this letter, the problem of LLVPR in electric drives with FS-MPC is described, and the solution to this issue is proposed. Experimental results to validate the proposed method are shown.
GRE and Undergraduate GPA as Predictors of Veterinary Medical School Grade Point Average, VEA Scores and NAVLE Scores While Accounting for Range Restriction

We explored the relation between Undergraduate GPA (UGPA) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Verbal scores and several indices of achievement in veterinary medical education across five cohorts of veterinary students (N per model ranging from 109 to 143). Achievement indices included overall grade point average in veterinary school (CVMGPA), scores on the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) and scores on the Veterinary Educational Assessment (VEA). We calculated zero order correlations among all measures, and corrected correlations for range restriction. In all cases, corrected correlations exceeded uncorrected ones. For each index of achievement, we conducted hierarchical regressions using the corrected correlations as input, entering UGPA in the first step and GRE Verbal in the second step. Overall, UGPA and GRE Verbal combined explained from 70% to 84% of variance in CVMGPA, 51% to 91% of variance in VEA scores, and 41% to 92% of variance in NAVLE scores. For twelve of fifteen comparisons, the second step (including GRE Verbal scores) significantly improved R2. Our results reaffirm the value of UGPA scores and GRE Verbal scores for predicting subsequent academic achievement in veterinary school.
MONACO: accurate biological network alignment through optimal neighborhood matching between focal nodes.

Motivation Alignment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks can be used for the unsupervised prediction of functional modules, such as protein complexes and signaling pathways, that are conserved across different species. To date, various algorithms have been proposed for biological network alignment, many of which attempt to incorporate topological similarity between the networks into the alignment process with the goal of constructing accurate and biologically meaningful alignments. Especially, random walk models have been shown to be effective for quantifying the global topological relatedness between nodes that belong to different networks by diffusing node-level similarity along the interaction edges. However, these schemes are not ideal for capturing the local topological similarity between nodes. Results In this paper, we propose MONACO, a novel and versatile network alignment algorithm that finds highly accurate pairwise and multiple network alignments through the iterative optimal matching of "local" neighborhoods around focal nodes. Extensive performance assessment based on real networks as well as synthetic networks, for which the ground truth is known, demonstrates that MONACO clearly and consistently outperforms all other state-of-the-art network alignment algorithms that we have tested, in terms of accuracy, coherence, and topological quality of the aligned network regions. Furthermore, despite the sharply enhanced alignment accuracy, MONACO remains computationally efficient and it scales well with increasing size and number of networks. Availability and implementation Matlab implementation is freely available at https://github.com/bjyoontamu/MONACO. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Spatial Generalization of Wallace–Simson Theorem on Four Lines

Motivation to this problem arose from the Wallace–Simson theorem which states, that feet of perpendiculars from a point P to three lines are collinear if and only if the point P belongs to the circumcircle of the triangle given by these three lines. 3D generalization of the Wallace–Simson theorem might be as follows: Determine the locus of the point P such that feet of normals from P to four arbitrary straight lines in three dimensional Euclidean space are coplanar. In this text we investigate a special case of straight lines being parallel to a fixed plane. We will show how to transfer this case to the planar one. Finally, we state a theorem, which is a generalization of the Wallace–Simson theorem in plane.
Research and management efforts to control or prevent invasion by invasive Asian carps in the Great Lakes

Abstract This article introduces a series of ten articles addressing research and management efforts to control or prevent invasion by invasive Asian carps in the Great Lakes.
Seronegative Goodpasture's syndrome associated with organising pneumonia.

Goodpasture’s syndrome is a rare vasculitis associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) autoantibodies that target type IV collagen found in the basement membranes of glomeruli and alveoli. We present a case of a 79-year-old man with seronegative Goodpasture’s syndrome with predominant respiratory symptoms and mild acute kidney injury that initially improved. Final diagnosis was made by immunofluorescent staining on open lung biopsy which also revealed concomitant organising pneumonia. The patient underwent treatment with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, haemodialysis and plasmapheresis. This was an atypical presentation wherein the patient only exhibited pulmonary symptoms early in the course of illness in the setting of negative anti-GBM antibody serum testing, which made diagnosis challenging. With this case, we emphasise that clinicians should have a high suspicion for Goodpasture’s syndrome in the setting of unexplained severe pulmonary or renal disease despite negative anti-GBM antibody testing.
The Preventative and Healing Properties of Performing Arts in Female Genital Mutilation

Despite being outlawed in many of the countries where it is the most prevalent, female genital mutilation (FGM) still persists. It is critical that innovative interventions be adopted in order to better address the cultural roots of this gender violence epidemic. The aim of this study is to explore the use of performing arts to fill this gap in effective preventative and treatment interventions. Due to the lack of data in this field, this study comprises of an extensive literature review. Existing programs were evaluated through thorough web searches, interviews of program leads, and analyses of the results. After reviewing existing evidence, it has been concluded that performing arts interventions provide positive outcomes in the field of FGM due to their ability to engage with cultural assumptions, incite empathy, and cross educational boundaries, all through community-connected approaches. Local outcomes were connected to government intervention in the recommendations to conclude that all governments should ban FGM, allocate public funds to the field of arts and health, and increase the validity of performance-based interventions through increased and improved research.
Longitudinal effects of gender minority stressors on substance use and related risk and protective factors among gender minority adolescents.

Purpose Gender minority (GM) adolescents, who have a different gender identity than their sex assigned at birth, may use substances as a coping strategy in response to GM-related stressors. This study examined longitudinal effects of gender minority stressors on substance use in GM adolescents, and related risk factors (internalized transphobia, depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms) and protective factors (resilience, gender-related pride, family functioning, social support, gender-related community connectedness). Methods Participants were 30 GM adolescents, ages 13-17 years, from the U.S. community-based longitudinal Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. Participants completed an online survey every 6 months across 2 years (5 waves; data collected 2015-2019). Results Exposure to gender minority stressors was associated with higher odds of alcohol use. Across models, internalized transphobia (risk factor), resilience (protective factor), and gender-related pride (protective factor) were the most significant mediators of associations between gender minority stressors and substance use. Family functioning and social support (protective factors) significantly moderated the association between gender minority stressors and alcohol use, such that family functioning and social support were protective for alcohol use at lower levels of gender minority stress, but not at higher levels. Conclusion Results suggest that GM adolescents engage in substance use as a coping strategy in response to gender minority stressors. A number of hypothesized risk and protective factors mediated or moderated these associations. Future interventions with GM adolescents should focus efforts on addressing internalized transphobia as a risk factor and strengthening resilience, gender-related pride, and family functioning as protective factors for substance use.
Identification of TAZ-Dependent Breast Cancer Vulnerabilities Using a Chemical Genomics Screening Approach

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a subpopulation of tumor cells that can self-renew and generate tumor heterogeneity. Targeting BCSCs may ameliorate therapy resistance, tumor growth, and metastatic progression. However, the origin and molecular mechanisms underlying their cellular properties are poorly understood. The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) promotes mammary stem/progenitor cell (MaSC) expansion and maintenance but also confers stem-like traits to differentiated tumor cells. Here, we describe the rapid generation of experimentally induced BCSCs by TAZ-mediated reprogramming of human mammary epithelial cells, hence allowing for the direct analysis of BCSC phenotypes. Specifically, we establish genetically well-defined TAZ-dependent (TAZDEP) and -independent (TAZIND) cell lines with cancer stem cell (CSC) traits, such as self-renewal, variable resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and tumor seeding potential. TAZDEP cells were associated with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, embryonic, and MaSC signature genes. In contrast, TAZIND cells were characterized by a neuroendocrine transdifferentiation transcriptional program associated with Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Mechanistically, we identify Cyclin D1 (CCND1) as a critical downstream effector for TAZ-driven tumorigenesis. Overall, our results reveal a critical TAZ-CCND1-CDK4/CDK6 signaling axis, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches to eliminate both BCSCs and therapy-resistant cancer cells.