cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Choosing a Membrane

Fifteenth Annual Meeting, Am Soc Nephrol, 1982, 71A 39. Cheung A, LeWinter M, Chenoweth DE, et al: Un- published observations, 1982 40. Baldamus CA, Ernst W, Fassbinder W, et al: Differing hemodynamic stability due to differing sympathetic response: Comparison of ultrafiltration hemodialysis and hemofiltration. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 17:205-210, 1980 41. Hampl H, Paeprer H, Unger V, et al: Hemodynamic during hemodialysis, sequential ultrafiltration and hemofiltra- tion . 1 Dial 3:51-71 , 1979 42. Bergstrom 1, Asaba H, Furst P, et al : Dialysis ultrafiltra- tion and blood pressure . Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13:293-305, 1976 43. Mrava GL, Weber DC, Malchesky PS, et al: Computer- ized data analysis of hemodialyzers by a standard protocol shows true effective membrane area. Trans Am Soc Artif In- tern Organs 16: 155-163, 1970 44. Colton CK, Henderson LW, Ford CA, et al: Kinetics of hemodiafiltration. I. in vitro transport characteristics of a hol- low fiber blood ultrafilter. 1 Lab Clin Med 85 :355-371, 1975 45 . Henderson LW, Colton CK, Ford CA: Kinetics ofhemo- diafiltration. n. Clinical characterization of a new blood cleansing modality. 1 Lab Clin Med 85:372-391 , 1975 46. Leypoldt lK, Frigon RP, Henderson LW: Dextran siev- ing coefficients of hemofiltration membranes. Trans Am Soc Artif Inter Organs (in press) 47. Shaldon SH, Silva H, Rosen M: Technique for refrigerated coil preservation hemodialysis with femoral venous cathe- terization. Br Med J 2:411-413, 1964 48. Deane N, Bemus lA: Multiple use of hemodialyzers. Final Report, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Di- gestive and Kidney Diseases, 1981, pp 1254 49. Shaldon S, Chevallet M, Maraouri M, et al: Dialysis associated autoantibodies. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13 :339-346, 1976 50. Hoenich NA: Personal communication 51. Shaldon S: Progress from haemodialysis. Nephron 27:26, 1981 52. Henderson LW: Comparison of hemodialysis and hemo-
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of IV Versus IM Ketamine for Sedation of Pediatric Patients Receiving Emergency Department Orthopedic Procedures

Study objective We compare adverse events, efficacy, and length of sedation of intravenous (IV) versus intramuscular (IM) ketamine procedural sedation and analgesia for orthopedic procedures in the emergency department (ED). Methods Pediatric patients receiving ketamine for orthopedic procedures were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in a children's hospital ED. All patients were initially randomized to receive ketamine either 1 mg/kg IV or 4 mg/kg IM. Demographics, adverse events, sedation efficacy, and length of sedation were recorded. Results Two hundred twenty-five patients were randomized (116 IV, 109 IM). Two hundred eight patients, aged 14 months to 15 years, completed the study, 109 IV and 99 IM. Respiratory adverse events were similar between groups (IV 8.3% versus IM 4.0%; odds ratio [OR] 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14 to 1.6). Vomiting in the ED was more common in the IM group (26.3% versus 11.9%; OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.9). Using the Faces Pain Scale, patients in the IM group reported significantly less pain from the procedure. Video observers reported significantly lower distress in the IM group during the painful procedure (Observation Score of Behavioral Distress scores 0.35 IM versus 0.74 IV; mean difference 0.38; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.72). Length of sedation was significantly longer in the IM group (median 129 versus 80 minutes). Satisfaction of sedation was high in parents and physicians, with no difference in reported satisfaction between groups. This study was terminated early because of nursing resistance based on the longer recovery times observed in patients receiving ketamine IM. Conclusion In this study of pediatric sedation for orthopedic procedures, we found that ketamine 4 mg/kg IM was more effective than 1 mg/kg IV but demonstrated significantly longer recovery times and more vomiting.
Effects of aerobic training on primary dysmenorrhea symptomatology in college females.

Abstract “Single-Dose Therapy for Cystitis in Women: A Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin, and Cyclacillin,” Thomas M. Hooton et al. We evaluated single-dose regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin as treatment for acute cystitis in 38 women. The trial was prematurely stopped because of frequent treatment failures. At two days after treatment, all 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured, while four (31%) of the 13 given amoxicillin and four (33%) of 12 given cyclacillin had persistent bacteriuria. At two weeks, 11 (85%) of 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, six (50%) of 12 given amoxicillin, and three (30%) of ten given cyclacillin were cured. One patient with positive results of antibody-coated bacteria testing who was treated with cyclacillin had signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis three days after treatment, and two patients treated with amoxicillin and one treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole converted ...
LIDERES POLÍTICOS INDÍGENAS EN AMAZONIA: POLÍTICA Y AUTO-REPRESENTACIÓN ENTRE LOS YE'KWANA DEL ALTO ORINOCO

This article examines the rise of an indigenous leader among the Ye’kwana of Southern Venezuela in order to analyze indigenous identity politics in the region. Because of extraordinary circumstances that created a municipality in the Upper Orinoco populated exclusively by indigenous people, the Ye’kwana now have the ability to elect indigenous representatives to public office. These new Ye’kwana political leaders are placed under contradictory expectations by non-governmental organizations, transnational groups, Venezuelan politicians, and the different ethnic groups of the region who all have different expectations of how the indigenous leaders should manage public funds and act as politicians. A critical perspective of these group’s different expectations is offered. The analysis has the objective of pointing out how the political changes in the Upper Orinoco have created an almost impossible situation for the indigenous leaders because they are caught between contradictory expectations.
Oncogene withdrawal engages the immune system to induce sustained cancer regression

The targeted inactivation of a single oncogene can induce dramatic tumor regression, suggesting that cancers are “oncogene addicted.” Tumor regression following oncogene inactivation has been thought to be a consequence of restoration of normal physiological programs that induce proliferative arrest, apoptosis, differentiation, and cellular senescence. However, recent observations illustrate that oncogene addiction is highly dependent upon the host immune cells. In particular, CD4+ helper T cells were shown to be essential to the mechanism by which MYC or BCR-ABL inactivation elicits “oncogene withdrawal.” Hence, immune mediators contribute in multiple ways to the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, including mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and surveillance, but also oncogene inactivation-mediated tumor regression. Data from both the bench and the bedside illustrates that the inactivation of a driver oncogene can induce activation of the immune system that appears to be essential for sustained tumor regression.
Addressing Industrial Problems Using Various Mathematical Models

Mathematics has been called the language of science. Mathematics is used to solve many real-world problems in industry, the physical sciences, economics, social and human sciences, engineering, and technology, for example. We overview the many industrial problems that have been solved using fuzzy logic technology, multiobjective metaheuristics, neural networks, tabu search, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, decision analysis, Petri nets, and queueing models. This overview could be useful for Ph.D. students in Industrial Engineering, Operations Research, and Operations Management who are looking to solve some real problems. Future industrial applications are also be described.
Laser-capture microdissection and transcriptional profiling of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Identifying neuronal molecular markers with restricted patterns of expression is a crucial step in dissecting the numerous pathways and functions of the brain. While the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) has been implicated in a host of physiological processes, current functional studies have been limited by the lack of molecular markers specific for DMH. Identification of such markers would facilitate the development of mouse models with DMH-specific genetic manipulations. Here we used a combination of laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and gene expression profiling to identify genes that are highly expressed within the DMH relative to adjacent hypothalamic regions. Six of the most highly expressed of these genes, Gpr50, 4930511J11Rik, Pcsk5, Grp, Sulf1, and Rorβ, were further characterized by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry. The genes identified in this article will provide the basis for future gene-targeted approaches for studying DMH function.
Studies of Cardiac Muscle with a High Permeability to Calcium Produced by Treatment with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Thin strips of frog ventricle were isolated and bathed for 15 min in a solution containing 140 mM KCl, 5 mM Na2ATP, 3 mM EDTA, and 10 mM Tris buffer at pH 7.0. The muscle was then exposed to contracture solutions containing 140 mM KCl, 5 mM Na2ATP, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM Tris, 3 mM EGTA, and CaCl2 in amounts to produce concentrations of free calcium from 10-4.8 M to 10-9 M. The muscles developed some tension at approximately 10-8 M, and maximum tension was achieved in 10-5 M Ca++. They relaxed in Ca++ concentrations less than 10-8 M. The development of tension by the EDTA-treated muscles was normalized by comparison with twitch tension at a stimulation rate of 9 per min before exposure to EDTA. In 10-5 M Ca++ tension was always several times the twitch tension and was greater than the contracture tension of a frog ventricular strip in KCl low Na-Ringer. Tension equal to half-maximum was produced at approximately 10-6.2 M Ca++. Intracellular recording of membrane potential indicated that after EDTA treatment the resting potential of cells in Ringer solution with 10-5 M Ca or less was between 5 and 20 mv. Contracture solutions did not produce tension without prior treatment with EDTA. The high permeability of the membrane produced by EDTA was reversed and the normal resting and action potentials restored in 1 mM Ca-Ringer. Similar studies of EDTA-treated rabbit right ventricular papillary muscle produced a similar tension vs. Ca++ concentration relation, and the high permeability state reversed with exposure to normal Krebs solution.
Intermediate spin-charge order in the cuprates

On the basis of a rigorous constraint we show that the doped cuprates either exhibit electronic phase-separation, or balance right at the phase-separation threshold. We suggest that the pseudo-gap phase can be identified with the state that is nano-scale phase-separated in magnetic and non-magnetic phases with different charge carrier concentrations. Long-range Coulomb interaction should drive the nano-scale phase-separated state into a self-organized ordered phase, even though such ordering is most likely frustrated by chemical disorder. Identifying this nano-scale self-organization should clarify a number of confusing issues related to the origin of the superconductivity in the cuprates.
Theoretical calculations of stress relaxation in concentrated solutions

The Mooney theory for stress relaxation of polymer materials has been numerically evaluated in unmodified and modified forms. The modified expressions include such effects as molecular weight distributions and entanglement or polymer interaction distributions. The relaxation behavior was found to be highly dependent upon the number of interaction points per chain molecule particularly for small numbers. The distributions in molecular sizes and in the number of interaction points have a much smaller effect on the shapes of the relaxation curves. A comparison of the theoretical stress relaxation behavior is made with birefringence relaxation data. The region of correlation indicates a number of five interaction points per molecule of polystyrene at 10 wt. % in benzene.
On the capacity of MIMO broadcast channels with reduced feedback by antenna selection

In this paper we analyze the performance of random beamforming schemes in a multi-user Gaussian broadcast channel utilizing SINR feedback. For generality, the receivers are allowed to have multiple receive antennas. The first scheme analyzed allows each receiver to feed back the largest SINR it observes for each transmit beam. The distribution function of the maximum SINR is derived and is noted to differ from previous work. In an effort to further reduce feedback, a scheme where each user feeds back the maximum SINR observed over its receive antennas and transmit beams. Using the Frechet bounds and properties of chi-squared random variables, the throughput of this system is bounded and empirically shown to approach the performance of the previous scheme as the number of users increases.
Inhibition of Growth of Salmonella typhimurium and of Threonine Deaminase and Transaminase B by β-Chloroalanine

β-Chloro-l-alanine (CA) was found to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium . The inhibition was overcome by isoleucine plus valine. CA inhibited the activity of threonine deaminase and transaminase B in vitro. The inhibition of threonine deaminase was reversible and was not affected by desensitization to isoleucine inhibition. Transaminase B was irreversibly inactivated. Derepression of some of the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes was achieved by growth of wild-type cells on low levels of CA.
Spaces of Faith: Incorporating Emotion and Spirituality in Geographic Studies:

Religious experience is highly personal and is often comprised of affectual encounters and emotional responses, both within personal space and through ordained sacred spaces. Expanding on recent geographical research, with the aid of semistructured interviews, this paper explores how personal affect and emotion are experienced by members from two houses of worship. The responses highlight the transformative nature of sacred space and its unique capacity to elicit emotional experiences from participants. Further, this study demonstrates that there is a commonality to spiritual experiences, such as a feeling of peace or a sense of being ‘home’, that cuts across denominational lines, and that these experiences are often spatially grounded.
Accessible Democracy, Adaptable Rights, and London’s Expansion During the Industrial Revolution

London’s eighteenth-century expansion required the reorganization of rights for large tracts of land. This property previously lay within equitable estates and agricultural villages. Removing property from these restrictive property-rights regimes proved problematic. Parliament catalyzed the process by passing acts reorganizing rights to land and resources. Two theories characterize Parliament’s behavior during this period. The first views Parliament as an organization that limited access to acts in order to earn rents for legislators or to advance the interests of aristocrats. The second views Parliament as an accessible institution that addressed issues brought before it by broad segments of society. We test these theories using time-series statistical methods and annual data on the number of acts passed by Parliament and the property market in Middlesex, the county surrounding London. The results are consistent with the conjecture of an accessible legislature.
Abstract 1474: Characterization of 148 ovarian cancer tumografts (Avatars) using BROCA-HR deep sequencing

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The current standard of care post surgical cytoreduction is combination platinum/taxane chemotherapy. The initial response varies widely; subsets of carcinomas demonstrate resistance or sensitivity from the onset. The underlying cause of this response heterogeneity remains incompletely understood. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) serve as useful in vivo models to study molecular response markers and test the efficacy of targeted therapies. Our group has demonstrated a high engraftment rate (>70%) of ovarian cancer PDXs (Avatars) by injecting treatment naive patient tumor directly into the peritoneal cavity of an in immunocompromised mouse host in an effort to better mimic the anatomic context by which ovarian cancer naturally develops. We now have 328 engrafted Avatar models representing the wide range of ovarian cancer subtypes, including serous (65%), mixed epithelial (10%), endometrioid (7%), clear cell (4%), mucinous (3%), carcinosarcoma (1%) and other (10%). Using these models, we are performing a massively parallel sequencing strategy referred to as BROCA-HR to detect all mutation classes (e.g. gene rearrangements, copy number variations, etc.) and gene aberrations within the Fanconi Anemia-BRCA homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), PTEN, and DNA Mismatch repair pathways. To date, 148 Avatar models have undergone BROCA sequencing. Observed deleterious mutations included 12 BRCA1 (8%), 6 BRCA2 (4%), and 4 PIK3CA (3%); additional loss of function mutations were also evident in the following genes: ATM, RAD51C, FANCM, FANCD2, FANCA, CHEK2, PALB2, MHS6, CDK12 and GEN1. These models are representative of mutations seen in the TCGA mutation set. Models harboring said mutations are currently being tested with platinum agents and/or PARP inhibitors. Taken together, the Avatars represent a high throughput model system for pre-clinical testing in vivo that effectively recapitulates ovarian cancer (e.g. mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other DNA damage response proteins). We have been able to establish avatars at a high rate, including those with mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other DNA damage response genes. These models will be a unique resource for future studies of biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches. This work is funded by the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (750563), Mayo Ovarian SPORE (CA136393), National Cancer Institute (RO1 CA184502). Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Kunal A. Lodhia, Marc A. Becker, Xiaonan Hou, Kimberly R. Kalli, Maria I. Harrell, Elizabeth M. Swisher, John S. Weroha, Paul Haluska. Characterization of 148 ovarian cancer tumografts (Avatars) using BROCA-HR deep sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1474. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1474
Simulation of Large-Scale Circulation in Harbors

A numerical model capable of simulating vertically-integrated tidal circulations in a harbor area for a substantial long period of time has been applied to the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor. The computed results show that the large gyre structures, which have also been observed in the field, correlate closely with those found in a hydraulic model. In the difference equations, the non-linear advective terms and the local acceleration terms are arranged on the same time level in order to improve the numerical stability. The numerical scheme is efficient for the hydrodynamic computation of tidal motion in a complicated harbor geometry.
Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Performance of Chalcogenopyrylium Monomethine Dyes Bearing Phosphonate/Phosphonic Acid Substituents

Chalcogenopyrylium monomethine dyes were prepared via condensation of a 4-methylchalcogenopyrylium compound with a chalcogenopyran-4-one bearing a 4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl substituent (or the phosphonic acid derivative). The dyes have absorbance maxima of 603–697 nm in the window where the solar spectrum is most intense. The dyes formed H-aggregates on TiO2, increasing the light-harvesting efficiency of the dyes. Shortcircuit photocurrent action spectra were acquired to evaluate the influence of dye structure on the photoelectrochemical performance.
Depth of arterial oscillation resolved with NIRS time and frequency domain

We present measurements of the heartbeat obtained on human foreheads, using frequency domain and time domain systems. Preliminary results indicate that we are able to measure signals of the heartbeat originated from intracranial layers (brain).
The Design of OA SMS System Based on 3G

The paper analyzed SMS system based on 3G working mode,coding style,PDU protocol as well as the coding and decoding of SMS.According to analysis,office SMS platform are put forward integrate with OA(Office Automation) and EM(Equipment Manage).
Adrenergic innervation of the human bladder body.

AbstractAdrenergic nerve terminals were localized in the human bladder body by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence. No differences were observed between bladders of male and female subjects.
c-Fos expression in the medulla induced by static muscle contraction in cats

In this study, we examined Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the medulla after static muscle contraction induced by stimulation of L7 and S1 ventral roots of the spinal cord in anesthetized cats. The results show that FLI increases in the lateral reticular nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral tegmental field, vestibular nucleus, subretrofacial nucleus, and A1 region of the medulla in comparison with these same areas in sham-operated animals (P < 0.05 in each region). In the rostral ventrolateral medulla, FLI distribution in neurons containing phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT, the synthetic enzyme for epinephrine) was also observed utilizing double-labeling methods. The majority of neurons with PNMT also expressed FLI (66 +/- 4%). These data are in contrast to the results from sham-operated animals showing that 24 +/- 3% of the neurons costained with PNMT (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that expression of FLI can be used to identify neurons activated during static muscle contraction and support previous studies implicating the ventrolateral medulla as a critical region for expression of the exercise pressor reflex. Furthermore, neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla containing PNMT were activated during static muscle contraction.
3D Nanoelectrodes for Electrophysiology: How Size Effects Seal Resistance

Three-dimensional (3D) nanoelectrodes fabricated on standard multielectrode array architecture have proven useful in monitoring intracellular electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes. The electrodes’ mechanism of action involves a voltage pulse at the electrode which exceeds the dielectric breakdown of an engulfing cell's membrane, electroporating the cell and dramatically reducing the impedance to intracellular potential recording. The electroporation mechanism is non-invasive as the pores reseal after such recording events. This gives rise to a method which is useful in its ability to multiplex, its technical ease of use, and non-invasiveness.The driving phenomenon which gives this technological gain over planar electrodes is an enhancement of the seal resistance between the electrogenic center (the cell) and the recording center (the nanoelectrodes). Cells in vitro engulf 3D electrodes such that the membrane-electrode distance is much reduced compared to that of the membrane-planar electrode distance. This membrane-electrode distance is dependent upon the geometry of the electrode, but the electrical ramifications of this have not been characterized to date. Herein we explore this dependence by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in correlation with reduced-artifact FIB/SEM and electrophysiological measurement of HL-1 cardiomyocytes over an order of magnitude in 3D electrode diameter.
Myocardial Reperfusion: Role of Adjunctive Agents to Improve Reperfusion and Prevent Reperfusion Injury

Thrombolysis with intravenous streptokinase, APSAC and tissue plasminogen activator has been shown to improve ventricular function and survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction (1–4). Despite these important advances several problems remain and we may not have achieved the optimal benefit from reperfusion therapy.
Formation of Tissue Factor-Factor VIIa Complex and Generation of Factor Xa Induce Activation of the mTOR Pathway Which Regulates Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a 47 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that initiates blood coagulation when complexed with factor VIIa (FVIIa). TF is constitutively expressed in a variety of tumor cells and has been shown to have roles in cellular signaling and tumor progression. We showed previously that formation of TF-FVIIa-Factor Xa (FXa) complex induces cellular signaling in the Adr-MCF-7 cell line, a multidrug-resistant subline of the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, that leads to enhanced cell migration and inhibition of apoptosis. The Adr-MCF-7 cell line has high endogenous expression of TF and expression of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Treatment of the Adr-MCF-7 cells with the combination of FVIIa (10 nM) and FX (150 nM) induces phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B. In the present study, we investigated the role of TF-FVIIa-mediated signaling in activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment of the Adr-MCF-7 cells with the combination of FVIIa (10 nM) and FX (150 nM) induced phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) by 2 and 2.5 fold, respectively, compared with untreated cells. Phosphorylation of these proteins could be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with either anti-TF antibody (TF85G9) or TAP, a specific FXa inhibitor. No increase in the basal level of phosphorylation of these proteins occurred with treatment of the cells with FVIIa (10 nM) alone. Moreover, phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K was probably mediated by PAR1 and/or PAR2 activation. Using a modified Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay, activation of the mTOR pathway with the combination of FVIIa (10 nM) and FX (150 nM) promoted migration of the Adr-MCF-7 cells. Inhibition of this pathway with the specific mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, markedly decreased cell migration. Results from these studies suggest that TF-FVIIa-mediated signaling modulates mTOR pathway activation, which in turn regulates breast cancer cell migration.
Live-attenuated L. monocytogenes encoding mesothelin for immunotherapy of patients with pancreas and ovarian cancers

1874 Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an attractive vector platform due to potent vaccine-induced innate immunity and acquired CD4+/CD8+ T-cell immunity specific for encoded heterologous antigens. We have developed an Lm platform strain known as CRS-100, which has engineered deletions of two genes encoding the virulence determinants actA and internalin B (inlB; Lm ΔactA/ΔinlB), resulting in 1,000-fold attenuation compared to wild-type Lm (Brockstedt et. al. 2004. PNAS 101:13832). CRS-100 is an investigational agent currently undergoing clinical evaluation in a Phase 1 dose-escalation study of safety and tolerability following intravenous administration in adults with carcinoma and liver metastases (VAC05001; clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00327652). CRS-207 is a live-attenuated Lm vaccine strain based on CRS-100 that encodes human Mesothelin. Mesothelin is a tumor-associated antigen that is broadly expressed across pancreas and ovarian cancers, but not in normal cells from these organs. Mesothelin-specific cellular immunity correlated with positive clinical outcomes that have been observed in patients with pancreatic carcinoma after vaccination with an allogeneic whole cell vaccine encoding GM-CSF (Jaffee et. al. 2001. JCO, 19:145, and Thomas et. al. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 200:297). In preclinical pharmacology and toxicology studies we show that CRS-207 elicits human Mesothelin-specific CD4+/CD8+ immunity in mice and in Cynomolgus monkeys, and therapeutic efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, immunization strategies utilizing Lm-based vaccine platforms encoding mouse Mesothelin breaks tolerance against the endogenous antigen resulting in significant anti-tumor growth. Repeated intravenous dose safety studies (q3 weeks x 5) in cynomolgus monkeys are in progress. These data to date support the clinical evaluation of CRS-207 for patients with pancreas or ovarian cancer.
Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Sensory Function in Marine Organisms.

SYNOPSIS Ocean acidification has been identified as a major contributor to ocean ecosystem decline, impacting the calcification, survival, and behavior of marine organisms. Numerous studies have observed altered sensory perception of chemical, auditory, and visual cues after exposure to elevated CO2. Sensory systems enable the observation of the external environment and therefore play a critical role in survival, communication, and behavior of marine organisms. This review seeks to (1) summarize the current knowledge of sensory impairment caused by ocean acidification, (2) discuss potential mechanisms behind this disruption, and (3) analyze the expected taxa differences in sensitivities to elevated CO2 conditions. Although a lack of standardized methodology makes cross-study comparisons challenging, trends and biases arise from this synthesis including a substantial focus on vertebrates, larvae or juveniles, the reef ecosystem, and chemosensory perception. Future studies must broaden the scope of the field by diversifying the taxa and ecosystems studied, incorporating ontogenetic comparisons, and focusing on cryptic sensory systems such as electroreception, magnetic sense, and the lateral line system. A discussion of possible mechanisms reveals GABAA receptor reversal as the conspicuous physiological mechanism. However, the potential remains for alternative disruption through structure or cue changes. Finally, a taxonomic comparison of physiological complexity reveals few trends in sensory sensitivities to lowered pH, but we hypothesize potential correlations relating to habitat, life history or relative use of sensory systems. Elevated CO2, in concordance with other global and local stressors, has the potential to drastically shift community composition and structure. Therefore research addressing the extent of sensory impairment, the underlying mechanisms, and the differences between taxa is vital for improved predictions of organismal response to ocean acidification.
eMMC Reading and In-System Programming

In-System Programming (ISP) is also referred to as In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). ISP allows communication directly with the component (memory), bypassing the CPU. Unlike chip-off forensic techniques, ISP does not require the removal of the chip. It may, however, require a duplicate (nonevidential) phone to determine the pinout locations. This “mapping” is completed by removing the eMMC or eMCP memory and performing a continuity test for the required connections. During forensic acquisitions where ISP is used, the memory is not programmed, but instead read and saved. Many programmable logic devices may utilize a variant that works off the JTAG protocol for ISP. ISP allows examiners to bypass user-enabled locks, communicate with damaged devices, and acquire devices that may have not been supported with other forensic tools or utilities. ISP obtains the data faster than JTAG exams, and the necessary tools needed to perform ISP are less than those required for chip-off exams.
Promoting Success Across School Years for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Collaborative School-Home Intervention.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically experience significant difficulties in school, including academic underachievement and impairment in social relationships, such that they are at higher than average risk for special education placement, grade retention, school dropout, and lower lifetime educational attainment.1 The chronicity of ADHD symptoms and associated impairments requires proactive maintenance of treatment components across school years if amelioration of deleterious long-term outcomes is to be realized. Pfiffner et al.2 directly address the ongoing school impairments experienced by students with ADHD by following intensive intervention in 1 school year with booster treatment in a subsequent school year. The Collaborative Life Skills (CLS) program includes multiple components initially delivered over 10 to 12 weeks to train teachers in use of classroom accommodations and strategies (e.g., daily report card), parents in use of behavioral strategies at home and ways to collaborate with teachers, and children in social skills and independent task completion.
Analysis of loss-of-flow accidents for the nist research reactor with fuel conversion from heu to leu

O-moderated researchreactor (NBSR) at the National Institute of Standardsand Technology. A RELAP5 model has been developed toanalyze postulated accidents in the NBSR with the presentHEU fuel and a proposed LEU fuel. The model includesthe reactor vessel, primary pumps, shutdown pumps,various valves, heat exchangers, and average and hottestfuel elements and flow channels in the region where flowenters through an inner plenum (6 fuel elements) and aregion where flow enters through an outer plenum(24 elements). The equilibrium cycle power distributionsin the fuel elements were determined based onthree-dimensional Monte Carlo neutron transport calcu-lations performed with the MCNPX code.In this paperwediscuss safety analysesconducted forthe loss-of-flow accidents resulting from either loss ofelectrical power or inadvertent throttling of flow controlvalves at the inlets to the inner and outer plena. Theanalysis shows that the fuel conversion will not lead tosignificant changes in the safety analysis and that thecalculated maximum clad temperatures, minimum criticalheat flux ratios, and minimum onset of flow instabilityratios assure that there is adequate margin to fuel failure.
Interviewing in Goa: methodological issues in the study of a bilingual culture.

Abstract The method described in this paper was used in a epidemiologic study, exploratory in nature, done in 1973 in a city in Goa, India, to examine symptom prevalence as it related to sociocultural integration in two groups, Christians and Hindus, representing two different levels of exposure to sociocultural change. Goa was conquered by the Portuguese in 1510 and remained under their rule till 1961. During this period of time, part of the Goan population converted from Hinduism to Christianity. While all Goans could speak the native language, Konkani, the Latin European culture and the Portuguese language penetrated more deeply among Christians. In 1961 Goa was suddently brought under Indian administration after a military action lasting less than 24 hr. Since then Goa has been exposed to rapid and extensive deprivation of the Latin European culture, replaced by the Indian one. The interview instrument consisted of multiple-choice questions on social characteristics, general health status, and psychosomatic symptoms. Two forms were used, one in Portuguese, the other in Konkani, made equivalent in meaning by the method of translation and back-translation. Several methodological steps were thought to be useful in making the instrument both valid and reliable and in approximating linguistic equivalence. Symptom prevalence, rather than prevalence of diagnosed cases, was measured, and the symptoms were defined within the culture. A known source, the Langner scale, was used for questions on symptoms. Reliability and validity checks were included in the instrument itself, as well as in its translation and use. Bilingual physicians and bilingual experts in Goan culture worked in the instrument construction. Bilinguals and monolinguals were pretested. Other steps involved: careful wording of questions, use of redundancy and decentering, provision of context, warning translators against biases and supervising their work, approaching subjects in local ways and through local leaders, and having the instrument administered by a bilingual physician. In general, the response to the interviews was excellent. The usefulness of the method in similar studies in comparative epidemiology remains to be ascertained.
Overview of Session IV: Interactions between Hormones and Neurotransmitters in The Control of Peptidergic Neurons

Drs. Fuxe and McCann have discussed many aspects of neurotransmitter systems in the control of anterior pituitary function. It is apparent that acetylcholine, catecholamines, serotonin, histamine and GABA and their receptor stimulants or agonists, receptor blockers and synthesis inhibitors can stimulate or inhibit the secretion of many pituitary tropic hormones by influencing, in most cases, the secretion of peptide releasing hormones from hypothalamic neurons. The effects of catecholamines on gonadotropic function have been most thoroughly studied and perhaps for that reason have been the most controversial. Specifically, the most unresolved problem is the influence of dopamine on LHRH; everyone agrees that it inhibits prolactin secretion and many consider it PIF itself.
The relationship between feelings of alienation and burnout in social work.

Many articles and books have been written about alienation and burnout. Although the concepts have been conceptually linked, no known empirical studies have demonstrated that relationship. Using da...
Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool is endoscopy. New devices are being developed and employed that facilitate the management of this pathology. In this review, we show the status of endoscopic management of digestive hemorrhage, current practices, and future directions. Methods We explore the management of patients with GIB (upper and lower). Besides, we analyzed the diagnostic methods in occult digestive hemorrhage. We show the evidence collected so far, and how each therapeutic method can be applied. Results GIB constitutes a challenge for the attending physician. Different therapeutic procedures are available. Less invasive devices have a role in the diagnosis but not therapy. The use of risk stratification is well established for upper bleeding, but for lower bleeding, there is still no evidence to support the use of these scores. Knowledge of altered anatomy is crucial in special populations. Conclusion A variety of procedures are available for the treatment of GIB. Emphasis should be placed on less invasive diagnostic techniques as well as on new and more efficient therapies. Attention should be given to the initial management, with timely diagnosis and effective resuscitation to decrease the morbidity and mortality.
New therapies and insights into the changing landscape of colorectal cancer

In 2018, advances were made in immunotherapy for colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability but, by contrast, immunotherapy studies in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer had disappointing results. However, novel insights into the tumour microenvironment barriers that might limit therapeutic efficacy were identified, thereby offering new strategies.
Hemopoiesis in Amia calva (linnaeus)

1. Hemopoiesis in Amia calva takes place principally in the kidney and the spleen. No separate erythrocytopoietic and granulocytopoietic regions are distinguishable. 2. Amia possesses lympho-myeloid hemoblasts in the renal tissue and the spleen. This type of cells arises from a lymphocyte-like cell. 3. Eosinophils arise in the intestine as well as in the kidney and the spleen and are held to be primarily tissue cells. 4. The blood cells enter the circulation at a much earlier age then they do in mammals. All of the later differentiation takes place in the peripheral blood. 5. The following types of cells may be observed in the blood of Amia; erythrocytes, thrombocytes, large and small lymphocytes, monocytes, “special granulocytes” (comparable to the neutrophil of mammals), eosinophils with spheroidal granules, eosinophils with bacillary granules and basophils. 6. The blood of Amia is in general like that described for Polyodon.
Disability Evaluation for Accommodation on Licensing Exams Based on the ADA: Why Do Clinicians Fail to Adopt a Forensic Perspective?

The legal basis for receiving exam accommodation within postsecondary educational environments, on university entrance exams and licensing exams, is the ADA. Even when evaluations are conducted to recommend accommodation on licensing exams, where a clear forensic perspective should be the norm, this perspective is not routinely adopted. To explain why the gap between suggested and actual practice continues to be so wide, these types of accommodation-focused evaluations are contrasted with two other areas of forensic evaluation practice, competency to stand trial and worker’s compensation disability, for which a forensic perspective is the norm. Factors influencing the lack of forensic perspective adopted in accommodation-focused assessments include general problems with current clinical practice, the lack of a set of clearly defined forensic guidelines for performing these evaluations, the ongoing confusion regarding the standard for disability determination under the ADA, and the difficulty of obtaining evidence that would directly support the provision or denial of specific exam accommodations.
Response: Re: A Reflective Case Study in Family Medicine Advance Care Planning Conversations

To the Editor: We appreciate Dr. de Caprariis' thoughtful comments on our article. Indeed, we agree with nearly all them! We do have 2 comments in return: First, we suspect many practicing family physicians will find the suggestion of discussing Advance Care Planning (ACP) with all adults somewhat
Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease with an incidence of 15 cases per million people per year. However, it is an important cause of stroke, particularly in young patients. The clinical presentation of CVT is highly variable and the symptoms are nonspecific, making early diagnosis challenging. Confirming the diagnosis of CVT requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and brain imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and venography are the preferred imaging techniques. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improved outcomes. Anticoagulation for 3–12 months is often advocated. The prognosis of CVT is better than arterial stroke with prompt diagnosis and treatment. This chapter will review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, recommended diagnostic workup, and treatment of CVT.
Energy Levels of Se 76 Appearing in Disintegration of As 76

The radiations from ${\mathrm{As}}^{76}$ have been studied by means of a thick lens magnetic spectrometer and a scintillation coincidence spectrometer. Five gamma rays of energies 0.55 Mev, 0.64 Mev, 1.20 Mev, 1.40 Mev, and 2.05 Mev were observed by measurement of the photospectrum and they were fitted into a disintegration scheme with data obtained from gamma-gamma and beta-gamma scintillation coincidence measurements. The beta-ray spectrum was measured and the data treated by Fermi plot analysis; the end point, branching ratio, and $log\mathrm{ft}$ values found for each beta ray component are as follows: 2.965 Mev, 2.41 Mev, 1.76 Mev, and 0.36 Mev; 50.5 percent, 31.0 percent, 16.0 percent, and 2.5 percent; 8.4, 8.2, 7.9, and 5.6, respectively.
Molecular features of exceptional response to neoadjuvant anti-androgen therapy in high-risk localized prostate cancer

High-risk localized prostate cancer (HRLPC) is associated with a substantial risk of recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality1. Recent clinical trials have shown that intensifying anti-androgen therapies administered prior to prostatectomy can induce pathologic complete responses (pCR) or minimal residual disease (MRD) (<5 mm), together termed exceptional response, although the molecular determinants of these clinical outcomes are largely unknown. Here, we performed whole exome (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on pre-treatment multi-regional tumor biopsies from exceptional responders (ER: pCR and MRD patients) and non-responders (NR: pathologic T3 or lymph node positive disease) treated with intensive anti-androgen therapies prior to prostatectomy. SPOP mutation and SPOPL copy number loss were exclusively observed in ER, while TP53 mutation and PTEN copy number loss were exclusively observed in NR. These alterations were clonal in all tumor phylogenies per patient. Additionally, transcriptional programs involving androgen signaling and TGF{beta} signaling were enriched in ER and NR, respectively. The presence of these alterations in routine biopsies from patients with HRLPC may inform the prospective identification of responders to neoadjuvant anti-androgen therapies to improve clinical outcomes and stratify other patients to alternative biologically informed treatment strategies.
Pediatric casualties in contemporary armed conflict: A systematic review to inform standardized reporting.

Abstract Background Children represent a significant percentage of casualties in modern conflict. Yet, the epidemiology of conflict-related injury among children is poorly understood. A comprehensive analysis of injuries sustained by children in 21st-century armed conflict is necessary to inform planning of local, military, and humanitarian health responses. Methods We conducted a systematic search of databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, World Health Organization Catalog, and Google Scholar to identify records that described conflict-related injuries sustained by children since 2001. Results The search returned 5,264 records. 9 eligible reports without potentially duplicative data were included in analysis, representing 5,100 pediatric patients injured in 5 conflicts. Blast injury was the most frequent mechanism (57%), compared to 24.8% in adults. Mortality was only slightly higher among children (11.0% compared to 9.8% among adults; p Conclusions Children sustain a higher proportion of blast injury than adults in conflict. Existing data do support the conclusion that child casualties have higher mortality than adults overall; however, this difference is slighter than has been previously reported. Specific subpopulations of children appear to have worse outcomes. Overall, non-uniform reporting renders currently available data insufficient to understand the needs of children injured in modern conflict.
The Women of Get Out: Femininity, Race, and Betrayal in the Contemporary Horror Film

Jordan Peele’s horror film Get Out (2017) has been generally acclaimed for its unflinching critique of American racism, made even more notable by the East Coast, liberal-elite setting of the film. ...
Wide Bandwidth Radiometer Sensitivity for Remote Sensing of Ocean Salinity

Modern microwave radiometers have demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring surface salinity from space and also the need for better accuracy in cold water. Accuracy could be improved by adding measurements at lower frequencies (lower than the measurement at 1.4 GHz currently used) and closer to the peak in sensitivity of brightness temperature to changes in salinity. Proposals to accomplish this have focused on wide bandwidth receivers which include at the low end frequencies close to the peak in sensitivity. This strategy involves trade-offs, some obvious such as radio frequency interference (RFI) when operating outside the protected band at 1.4 GHz and the loss of spatial resolution at lower frequencies. Others stemming from the interdependence of the retrieval of salinity on water temperature and surface roughness are more subtle. The objective of this manuscript is to examine this interdependence and its implications to future wide bandwidth instruments for remote sensing of salinity from space.