cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spreading of liquids on horizontal fibers without and with gravity effects

Abstract A spreading condition for a finite volume of liquid on a horizontal cylindrical fiber, as well as an expression for the thickness of the thin film (
SCATTERING OF NEGATIVE MESONS BY HYDROGEN AT 130 AND 152 Mev

The elastic scattering and total cross sections for negative pi mesons on hydrogen were measured at 130 and 152 Mev. At both energies, the number of electrons arising from the charge exchange scattering were determined with a Cherenkov counter. At 152 Mev, recoil protons were counted, and were distinguished from pi mesons by energy loss in a scintillator. The real part of the forward scattering amplitade was determined to be 0.243 plus or minus 0.015 and 0.218 plus or minus 0.016, in units of the meson Compton wavelength, at 130 and 152 Mev, respectively. These values agree within limits of statistical error with the predictions from dispersion relations. (auth)
Wavelet-based deformable contour and its application to detection of pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs

A wavelet-based deformable contour called the wavelet snake has been developed, and applied to distinction of tumors from false detections reported by our computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiographs. In this technique, multiscale edge representation using spline wavelets was employed as a preprocessing step for extraction of an approximate boundary of a candidate nodule in each region of interest (ROI) reported by our CAD scheme. These multiscale edges are then used to `guide' the wavelet snake to estimate the true boundary of the nodule. The wavelet snake is designed to deform its shape based on a maximum a posteriori estimation performed by a gradient descent algorithm. The degree of overlap between the resulting snake and the multiscale edges were calculated at two scales, and a combination of the overlap measures at these scales were used as a measure for distinction between the ROIs containing nodules and non- nodules. A set of ROIs consisting of 94 nodules and 518 false positives were used for evaluation of our method by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our method yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.79 in classification performance, which reduced 19% of the false positives with sacrifice of only one nodule.
Chemical Dynamics Simulations of Energy Transfer in Collisions of Protonated Peptide−Ions with a Perfluorinated Alkylthiol Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface

Classical trajectory simulations are performed to study energy transfer in collisions of protonated diglycine, gly2-H+, and dialanine, ala2-H+, ions with a fluorinated octanethiol self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface for collision energies Ei in the range of 5−70 eV and incident angles θi of 0 and 45° with respect to the surface normal. Both explicit-atom (EA) and united-atom (UA) models were used to represent the F-SAM surface. The simulations show the distribution of energy transfer to the peptide−ion’s internal degrees of freedom, ΔEint, to the surface, ΔEsurf, and in peptide−ion translation, Ef, are very similar for gly2-H+, and ala2-H+. The average percentage energy transferred to ΔEsurf and Ef increases and decreases, respectively, with an increase in Ei, while the average percentage energy transfer to ΔEint is nearly independent of Ei. Changing θi from 0 to 45° decreases and increases the percentage of energy transfer to ΔEsurf and Ef, respectively, but has little change in the transfer to ΔEin...
Psychoanalysis and creativity: beyond Freud and Waelder.

Pathography is Freud’ s term for the psychoanalytic study of an artist’ s life and interpretation based on the relationship between the work and his or her life. One is concerned with the nature of the creative work, the interpretation of the work of art, and the “ aesthetic encounter.” In the earliest stages of psychoanalysis, the model of pathography emphasized conflict and repetition— classical Freudian theory. Freud’ s analysis of Leonardo Da Vinci is an example of this approach. Later models of psychoanalytic interpretation take as a context the work of art “ conceived as autonomous and constituted by its own internal relations.” A more advanced idea was the exploration of the artistic product and the interaction with the audience— the viewer. Art engages us in complex, cognitive, and affective mental activities similar to our own dream states. As psychoanalysis has evolved so have these three approaches to interpretative aesthetics (Freud, 1910; Freud, 1900). Spitz has summarized these perspectives: “ From the point of view of society and culture . . . the work of art serves as a highly valued transformation of narcissistic instinctual energy into products that have a life of their own and that derive added and continuous overlays of meaning from their successive cultural contexts” (1985). The understanding of pathography has moved from the fictive approach of Freud in his analysis of Leonardo, to the later documentary approach as it relates particularly to the analysis of Michelangelo, to the thematic approach as applied by Wolfenstein (1966). All of these approaches are utilized, for example, in studying Magritte’ s artistic work in the context of his early parental loss and the “ psychic splitting” that played a major role in the development of his aesthetic perspective. We thus come to examine the creative process 1 beginning
Analysis of Mitochondrial Function in Antigen Specific na ve, Effector and MEmory CD8 + T Cells.

INTRODUCTION. CD8 T cells play a critical role in the clearance of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria. Before encounter of antigen these cells are naive. After antigen encounter they become activated, begin to proliferate and acquire effector functions including cytokine production and cytolysis. These cells are effector cells. After clearance of the pathogen a death phase ensues. During this time 90-95% of the antigen specific effector cells will undergo apoptosis. The surviving cells are memory cells which can persist at constant numbers for the life of the mouse (1) (2). These cells will rapidly respond to a secondary infection and provide the basis for vaccination.
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF THE FERMI SURFACE OF W.

Abstract Pressure derivatives of cross sections of the Fermi surface of W were obtained using the fluid helium phase shift technique. Large departures from the free electron scaling prediction were observed for several of the cross sections.
Effects of dietary aluminum source and concentration on mineral status of feeder lambs

Abstract A 100 d experiment was conducted to determine the effects of aluminum (Al) source and concentration on mineral status, emphasizing phosphorus (P), of 50 feeder lambs. Six treatments, fed at 10% of the total diet, were formulated using two sources of Al, AlCl3 and an Al-based water treatment residual (WTR, 11.1% Al), with varying levels of Al and P: (1) control (10% sand, C), (2) low WTR (2.5% WTR and 7.5% sand, L-WTR), (3) AlCl3 with added P (1% AlCl3, 9% sand, and 0.4% P, AlCl3 + P), (4) high WTR (10% WTR, H-WTR), (5) AlCl3 (1% AlCl3 and 9% sand, AlCl3), and (6) high WTR with added P (10% WTR and 0.4% P, H-WTR + P). The total Al varied from 0.037 to 1.2% among diets. Only lambs fed the high WTR diet without P supplementation (H-WTR) decreased feed intakes. These lambs consumed about half as much feed as lambs on all the other treatments, and had lower (P 0.05). Diets containing 1.2% Al as WTR without P supplementation depressed feed intakes, weight gains, plasma P concentrations (P 0.05) in feed intakes, weight gains, or BMC.
The Colombian Caribbean: A Regional History, 1870-1950

This is a study of the role of regions in the development of modern nations in Latin America. Eduardo Posada-Carbo focuses on the Colombian Caribbean between 1870 and 1950. He examines the achievements and shortcomings of arable agriculture and the significance of the livestock industry, the link between town and countryside, the influence of foreign migrants and foreign capital, the relationship between local and national politics, and the extent to which regionalism represented a challenge to the consolidation of the national state in Colombia. This original study opens up the area to scholarly scrutiny for the first time, and has wider implications for Latin American historiography.
Capillary electrophoresis of plant starches as the iodine complexes

Abstract Much research is currently focused on the use of plant starch as an industrial raw material which can reduce dependence on non-renewable resources. Development of new starch-based products requires effective methods for analysis and characterization of starch and related biopolymers. Most separations methods are not suitable for this application due to the high molecular mass (>;106) of starch. We describe here the use of iodine complexation to impart charge and permit detection of starch components in capillary electrophoresis. Amulopectin and amylose are resolved in less than 10 min using iodine-containing buffers in unmodified capillaries. Partial resolution of an oligosaccharide mixture was also demonstrated, indicating potential utility of the method for analysis of smaller biopolymers. The primary basis for separation is known to be iodine binding affinity, which can be manipulated through control of temperature and iodine concentration.
Second malignancies after chemotherapy and transplantation

II. Malignancies after chemotherapy A. Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . B. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma C. Multiple myeloma . . . D. Ovarian cancer . . . . E. Breast cancer . . . . . . . F. Germ cell tumors . . . . . . G. Other malignancies . . . . . . H. Non-malignant disorders . . ....... 108 ....... 108 ....... 111 ....... 111 ....... 112 ....... 112 ....... 113 ....... 113 ....... 114
Connective tissue diseases: Correlating genotypes with disease phenotypes in SLE

The diverse clinical symptoms associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) probably reflect its complex genetic underpinnings. Evidence from a new study indicates that analysis of common risk alleles can predict susceptibility to several end-organ manifestations of SLE, which could influence patient screening and support personalized approaches to treatment.
Candida albicans Czf1 and Efg1 coordinate the response to farnesol during quorum sensing, white-opaque thermal dimorphism, and cell death.

ABSTRACT Quorum sensing by farnesol in Candida albicans inhibits filamentation and may be directly related to its ability to cause both mucosal and systemic diseases. The Ras1-cyclic AMP signaling pathway is a target for farnesol inhibition. However, a clear understanding of the downstream effectors of the morphological farnesol response has yet to be unraveled. To address this issue, we screened a library for mutants that fail to respond to farnesol. Six mutants were identified, and the czf1Δ/czf1Δ mutant was selected for further characterization. Czf1 is a transcription factor that regulates filamentation in embedded agar and also white-to-opaque switching. We found that Czf1 is required for filament inhibition by farnesol under at least three distinct environmental conditions: on agar surfaces, in liquid medium, and when embedded in a semisolid agar matrix. Since Efg1 is a transcription factor of the Ras1-cyclic AMP signaling pathway that interacts with and regulates Czf1, an efg1Δ/efg1Δ czf1Δ/czf1Δ mutant was tested for filament inhibition by farnesol. It exhibited an opaque-cell-like temperature-dependent morphology, and it was killed by low farnesol levels that are sublethal to wild-type cells and both efg1Δ/efg1Δ and czf1Δ/czf1Δ single mutants. These results highlight a new role for Czf1 as a downstream effector of the morphological response to farnesol, and along with Efg1, Czf1 is involved in the control of farnesol-mediated cell death in C. albicans.
Advanced distributed simulation: what we learned, where to go next

Summary form only given. It has been a little less than ten years since modeling and simulation (M&S) hit the knee on the curve. During these past few years a great deal of marketing of the potential of M&S has occurred, which resulted in a significant influx of funding for research and development (R&D) projects, especially in the area of distributed simulation. One of the significant experiments in this area-the DARPA Synthetic Theater of War program-officially ended, bringing to an end one of the more robust experiments in distributed simulation. We are now in a time where most of the M&S funding is targeted at production programs, with much fewer dollars going into R&D or experimentation. Although it is good that major programs are capitalizing on previous R&D efforts, it would not be true to say that the necessary R&D has been completed to realize the vision of distributed simulation. It would be true to say that we now have a much better understanding of the issues. What is needed now is a period of reflection on the vision, where we are, what was done right, what hasn't worked well, and where we should be headed for the next five to ten years.
Short-term Double-blind Evaluation of Flunisolide Aerosol for Steroid-dependent Asthmatic Children and Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of flunisolide aerosol prescribed as .5 mg (two inhalations) twice daily and placebo in terms of oral steroid sparing ability in a population of 32 known steroid-dependent children and adolescents. Patients were stabilized on the lowest tolerated dose of daily AM or alternate AM oral corticosteroid for at least one month before entering the study. They were randomly assigned to either flunisolide or placebo treatment for the 12-week, double-blind trial. Patients were seen every two weeks for symptom assessment, physical examination, and pulmonary function testing. Tests of adrenal function were done initially and at the study's conclusion. The flunisolide group had improved asthma control compared with the placebo group. The daily oral steroid requirement decreased in 100 percent of the flunisolide group compared with 53 percent of the placebo group (P less than .01). Pulmonary function and endocrine function remained stable for both groups. There were no adverse effects. Flunisolide aerosol in doses of .5 mg twice daily appears to be topically active and to have oral steroid potential without apparent adverse effects.
Enzyme activities in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of calves and steers.

Abstract Enzyme adaptations associated with the development of a functional rumen were investigated in liver, skeletal muscle, and abdominal adipose tissue. The activities of several enzymes representative of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism were determined in tissues from milk-fed calves, early weaned calves, and finished steers. Associated with a functional rumen there was, in liver, a reduced capacity for glucose oxidation via the Embden-Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate pathways and an increased gluconeogenic capacity. In muscle, rumen development caused a reduction in capacities of the Embden-Meyerhof and glycogen synthetic pathways. The magnitude of enzyme adaptation in the bovine liver and muscle was low relative to adaptations observed previously in the rat. Activities of enzymes related to fat synthesis were greater in adipose tissue than in the liver, suggesting that adipose tissue is a relatively more important site of fatty acid synthesis. There were indications that enzyme adaptations in bovine adipose tissue are more dramatic than in liver and muscle.
Diagnosing Estimation Errors in Page Counts Using Execution Feedback

Errors in estimating page counts can lead to poor choice of access methods and in turn to poor quality plans. Although there is past work in using execution feedback for accurate cardinality estimation, the problem of inaccurate estimation of page counts has not been addressed. In this paper, we present novel mechanisms for diagnosing errors in page count by monitoring query execution at low overhead. Detection of inaccuracy in the optimizer estimates of page count can be leveraged by database administrators to improve plan quality. We have prototyped our techniques in the Microsoft SQL Server engine, and our experiments demonstrate the ability to estimate page counts accurately using execution feedback with low overhead. For queries on several real world databases, we observe significant improvement in plan quality when page counts obtained from execution feedback are used instead of the traditional optimizer estimations.
Development of Primers and Probes for Genus and Species Specific Detection of 'Candidatus Liberibacter Species' by Real-Time PCR

Ananthakrishnan, G., Choudhary, N., Roy, A., Sengoda, V. G., Postnikova, E., Hartung, J. S., Stone, A. L., Damsteegt, V. D., Schneider, W. L., Munyaneza, J. E., and Brlansky, R. H. 2013. Development of primers and probes for genus and species specific detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter species’ by real-time PCR. Plant Dis. 97:1235-1243. Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is currently the most devastating disease impacting citrus production. The disease is associated with three different ‘Candidatus Liberibacter species’, ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Ca. Liberibacter americanus’, and ‘Ca. Liberibacter africanus’, which induce similar and overlapping symptoms. When HLB-symptomatic trees are tested, one of the Candidatus Liberibacters is normally detected by conventional or real-time PCR (qPCR). The most widely used assays use primers and probes based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The 16S rRNA-based assays to detect the three species are species-specific and must be performed sequentially. We describe a single assay that detected all species of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ at the genus level, providing increased convenience. Recent molecular analyses of ‘Ca. Liberibacter species’ and other bacteria suggest that the rpoB gene (encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase) provides an alternative target for bacterial identification. We report here the design of a single pair of degenerate primers and a hybridization probe corresponding to the rpoB region and their application for the detection of all three citrus ‘Ca. Liberibacter species’, enabling detection of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ at the genus level. In addition, species-specific primers and probes based on the rplJ/rplK genes were designed and used for detection at the species level in a multiplexed format. Both the genus- and species-specific assays were validated in both SYBR Green I and TaqMan formats, and with both plant and insect extracts that contained the pathogen. These one-step qPCR diagnostic methods are useful for the detection of all species of Liberibacter infecting citrus. In addition, the degenerate genus-specific primers and probe successfully detected ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’, a psyllid-transmitted pathogen associated with disease in tomato, carrot, and potato. Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive citrus disease associated with phloem-limited bacteria of the Candidatus genus Liberibacter. Many more than 100 million citrus trees have been destroyed by the disease throughout the world (10). These bacteria are transmitted by two psyllid vectors, Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytrae. The disease severely affects citrus production in Brazil, China, India, South Africa, and the United States. HLB-affected plants can be visually identified by symptoms that include chlorotic shoots,
Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution of Shell Shape, and DNA Barcoding in Polygyridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), an Endemic North American Clade of Land Snails

Abstract: A hypothesis of relationships among subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species of Polygyridae was established by Ken Emberton in 1995, using shell, behavioral, allozyme, and soft anatomical characters. We tested this hypothesis using four mitochondrial and two nuclear loci. We present data from 418 polygyrid individuals sequenced for one to six loci, including 110 named species (out of 294 nominal taxa) from 21 of the 24 recognized genera. We carried out phylogenetic and DNA barcoding analyses to examine relationships at the family, genus, and species-level. In our analyses, the subfamilies are not supported as monophyletic groups. The tribes Mesodontini, Ashmunellini and Vespericolini were recovered as monophyletic, while all other tribes were paraphyletic. Regardless of analysis method, we found a close, well-supported relationship between Mesodontini and Triodopsini, two tribes that were distantly related in Emberton's hypothesis. Most genera were recovered as monophyletic with the notable exce...
A Study of the Neutron-Induced Base Current Component in Silicon Transistors

In a previous paper a neutron-induced component of base current was reported that increases in proportion to integrated neutron flux and varies with base-to-emitter voltage, VBE, as exp(q/nkT VBE), n being approximately 1.5. A component of base current which varies similarly with base-to-emitter voltage has previously been reported to be of surface-perimeter origin. For this reason it is significant to unambiguously locate the origin of the neutron-induced component. For this, a detailed study of the current-voltage characteristics, an analysis of the deviation of the characteristics from an exponential caused by emission concentration for "ring-dot" structures, and an analysis for the transverse bias dependence of the base current components for a special "tetrode-type" test structure were performed. The results indicate that the small "1.5 component" of current initially present is indeed of surface-perimeter origin while the added "1.5 component" of current induced by neutron bombardment is of bulk space charge region origin. To determine whether this effect is universal, an investigation was made of many different types of silicon transistors, and all were found to exhibit a similar neutron-induced current component. The number n in the exponential term is found to be a function of temperature decreasing with increasing temperature. For example at -50°C, n = 1.6, and at +100°C, n = 1.3. Annealing studies reveal an apparent difference in annealing rates for the neutral bulk base region and the high-field region of the emitter-base junction.
Modeling bug report quality

Software developers spend a significant portion of their resources handling user-submitted bug reports. For software that is widely deployed, the number of bug reports typically outstrips the resources available to triage them. As a result, some reports may be dealt with too slowly or not at all. We present a descriptive model of bug report quality based on a statistical analysis of surface features of over 27,000 publicly available bug reports for the Mozilla Firefox project. The model predicts whether a bug report is triaged within a given amount of time. Our analysis of this model has implications for bug reporting systems and suggests features that should be emphasized when composing bug reports. We evaluate our model empirically based on its hypothetical performance as an automatic filter of incoming bug reports. Our results show that our model performs significantly better than chance in terms of precision and recall. In addition, we show that our modelcan reduce the overall cost of software maintenance in a setting where the average cost of addressing a bug report is more than 2% of the cost of ignoring an important bug report.
Built-in self-test with weighted random pattern hardware

The authors address scan-based built-in self-test (BIST) of digital circuits that are highly resistant to testing with uniform random patterns. Introducing a procedure, the precompute test patterns for random-pattern resistant faults and generate optimized distributions of weights that guarantee pattern coverage in a given number of random trials. The software implementation offers a tradeoff in the number of distributions (hardware memory) and the length of the total test time. The hardware implementation is based on a canonic weighting circuit that interfaces to a circulating memory and a pseudo-random source. >
Enlarging the Dialogue in Educational Measurement: Voices From Interpretive Research Traditions

In this article, I argue that the theory and practice of educational measurement would benefit by expanding the dialogue among measurement professionals to include voices from research traditions different from ours and from the communities we study and serve. To that end, I explore a critical dialectic between a naturalist conception of social science, from which the tradition of educational measurement has evolved, and an interpretive conception of social science. By moving between theory and concrete illustrations, I contrast the ways in which interpretations are typically constructed and grounded within the different traditions and consider the ethical and political consequences of these epistemological choices. This contrast among research traditions reflects an exercise in what Messick (1989) calls a “Singerian” mode of inquiry, where one method of inquiry is evaluated in terms of another to highlight the assumptions and values underlying each. The dialectic implied in such a reciprocal critique—par...
A quarter century of the history of psychiatry.

This article reviews the development of the historiography of Anglo-American psychiatry over the past quarter century, while passing attention to work on the history of psychiatry in Europe. The relationship between earlier and later work is stressed, and recent trends in the field assessed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ActiveSpaces: Exploring dynamic code deployment for extreme scale data processing

Managing the large volumes of data produced by emerging scientific and engineering simulations running on leadership-class resources has become a critical challenge. The data have to be extracted off the computing nodes and transported to consumer nodes so that it can be processed, analyzed, visualized, archived, and so on. Several recent research efforts have addressed data-related challenges at different levels. One attractive approach is to offload expensive input/output operations to a smaller set of dedicated computing nodes known as a staging area. However, even using this approach, the data still have to be moved from the staging area to consumer nodes for processing, which continues to be a bottleneck. In this paper, we investigate an alternate approach, namely moving the data-processing code to the staging area instead of moving the data to the data-processing code. Specifically, we describe the ActiveSpaces framework, which provides 1 programming support for defining the data-processing routines to be downloaded to the staging area and 2 runtime mechanisms for transporting codes associated with these routines to the staging area, executing the routines on the nodes that are part of the staging area, and returning the results. We also present an experimental performance evaluation of ActiveSpaces using applications running on the Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Finally, we use a coupled fusion application workflow to explore the trade-offs between transporting data and transporting the code required for data processing during coupling, and we characterize sweet spots for each option. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A further study of the reaction of theophylline with barbiturates.

Ten barbiturates, not tested before, and two closely related compounds, ethylphenyl hydantoin and 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dioxytetrahydropyridine, gave no molecular compound with theophylline in alcohol solution. Castrix, 2-chloro-4-dimethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine and the 2-dimethylamino-4-chloro-isomer, likewise gave no molecular compound. Thiophenobarbital gave a reaction product similar to that obtained with phenobarbital and melting at 241–242°.
Automatic Classification of Joint Analog and Digital Communication Signals in Blind Enviroment

This paper presents a novel algorithm to automatically classify communication signals with unknown modulation type and modulation parameters. This algorithm classifies the modulation type by detecting the presence of cyclostationarities and examining five features derived from the spectrum of the received communication signal. In detecting the presence of the cyclostationarities of the input signal, it utilizes normalized thresholds, which are much reliable under different SNR conditions for different modulation types and modulation parameters. The five features based on the spectrum are designed in such a way that the decisions are made by checking which one is larger or largest - therefore, the task of selecting feature thresholds has been avoided. The above make the developed algorithm more practical, especially in blind environments. The algorithm is capable of recognizing the concrete modulation type if the input is an analog communication signal or an exponentially modulated digital communication signal. For a linearly modulated digital communication signal, the algorithm will classify it into one of several subsets of modulation types. In addition, it provides a very good estimate of the symbol rate for a linearly modulated digital communication signal and a very good estimate of the frequency deviation for an exponentially modulated digital communication signal. The developed algorithm has been tested with data generated by hardware generators, and has been demonstrated to be able to achieve promising.
Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for superoxide dismutase mimetics

Evidence of oxidative stress is apparent in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Increased generation of reactive oxygen species simply overwhelm endogenous antioxidant defences, leading to subsequent oxidative damage and cell death. Tissue culture and animal models have been developed to mimic some of the biochemical changes and neuropathology found in these diseases. In doing so, it has been experimentally demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a critical role in neuronal cell death. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in models of neurodegeneration. However, delivery and stability issues have reduced the enthusiasm to clinically develop these proteins. Most recently, SOD mimetics, small molecules which mimic the activity of endogenous superoxide dismutase, have come to the forefront of antioxidant therapeu...
Coupling in the absence of tertiary amines

In order to avoid base catalyzed side reactions during coupling, attempts were made to render superfluous the addition of tertiary amines to the reaction mixture. Weak acids were applied for the removal of acid labile protecting groups. Acetic acid and other carboxylic acids were considered unsuitable for this purpose because the resulting salts could be the cause of chain termination in the next coupling step. Pentachlorophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol cleaved the Bpoc, Nps and Trt groups but more practical rates were reached with solutions of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in trifluoroethanol, in acetic acid, or in a mixture of phenol and p-cresol. In addition to acidolysis, HOBt salts of amino components could also be obtained through hydrogenolysis of the Z group or thiolysis of the Nps group in the presence of HOBt, or by the displacement of acetic acid from acetate salts with HOBt. Acylation of HOBt salts of amino components with symmetrical or mixed anhydrides or with active esters did not require the addition of tertiary amine.
Fellowship training in academic general internal medicine: a curriculum survey.

Objective:To determine whether current fellowships in general internal medicine (FGIM) meet the perceived needs and objectives of physicians entering careers in academic internal medicine. Design:A modified Delphi method yielded the 18 curricular elements included in the mailed survey. Participants outlined both actual and ideal fellowship experiences by rating the degree of emphasis of each curricular element on a Likert scale. Respondents then prioritized elements by rank-ordering them on perceived importance. Current job descriptions and opinions on related issues in FGIM were collected. Participants:Potential fellows, current fellows, and recent graduates were surveyed. Individuals were identified through the Society of General Internal Medicine associates’ mailing list and solicitation of program directors. Nonfellow associates served as the proxy group for potential fellows. Measurements and main results:579 surveys were mailed; 348 (60%) responses were received, of which 288 (50%) were suitable for analysis. Of all respondents, 38% were current fellows and 40% were recent graduates. When asked to prioritize educational needs during fellowship training, respondents ranked research methodology, ambulatory medicine, critical review of the literature, epidemiology, biostatistics, teaching skills, medical consultation, grant writing, preventive medicine, and design of educational curriculum as the top ten. Only minor deviations in rank order were found between graduates and nongraduates. Mean Likert scale scores for degree of emphasis of each curricular element in graduates’ actual fellowships were compared with mean scores for graduates’ ideal fellowship descriptions. High-priority elements that were perceived as adequately emphasized included research methodology, critical analysis of the literature, epidemiology, and biostatistics. High-priority elements that were pereceived as inadequately emphasized included ambulatory medicine, teaching skills, medical consultation, grant writing, preventive medicine, and design of educational curricula. Conclusions:FGIM largely meet the expectations of their fellows for preparation for research responsibilities. However, several curricular elements concerned with preparation for future clinical and teaching responsibilities are perceived by graduates as underemphasized. These areas deserve increased emphasis during fellowship training to better prepare fellows for their future roles in academic general internal medicine.
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy for Geriatric Depression With Complicated Grief

The focus of this article is to discuss the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy with a 65-year-old woman experiencing depressive symptoms and complicated grief ass...
Thin-Layer and Gas Chromatographic Screening Programs for New Drug Substances

Procedures are described for evaluation of the thin-layer and gas chromatographic properties of new raw material drug substances over a broad spectrum of conditions. Chromatographic profiles are established for each drug, and these are used as starting points for analytical procedures for the drug, its synthetic precursors, and its degradation products. Thin-layer chromatography is performed initially by use of three absorbents and a series of six solvents. Gas chromatography is performed initially by temperature programming on a series of six different columns, followed by isothermal experiments. Evaluation of resulting chromatograms from both techniques determines whether more experiments are necessary or whether an analytical method can be developed based directly on one of the results of the initial screening.
The Neoliberal Yogi and the Politics of Yoga

Can the theory and practice of the yogic tradition serve as a challenge to dominant cultural and political norms in the Western world? In this essay I demonstrate that modern yoga is a creature of ...
Regulation of tPA in endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain: role of CRE, AP-2, and SSRE binding sites

We have previously reported that exposure of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC) to 10% average strain resulted in an increase in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA, immunoreactive t...
Nature of the Active Sites in Soluble Ziegler-Polymerization Catalysts Generated from Titanocene Halides and Organoaluminum Lewis Acids

That the active site in Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts is the transition metal-carbon bond receives strong support from the finding that pure transition metal alkyls, such as tetrabenzyltitanium [1], can themselves polymerize ethylene and propylene, even in the complete absence of any main-group alkyl. However, it is also evident that combinations of transition-metal salts or organometallics with main-group alkyls often display greatly enhanced catalytic activity and stereoregular polymerization in such processes [2]. The isotactic polymerization of propylene by TiCl3 and Et2AlCl [3] and the greatly accelerated polymerization of ethylene by Cp2ZrMe2 and (MeAlO)n [4] are cases in point.
Vibroacoustic Measurements and Simulations Applied to External Gear Pumps. An Integrated Simplified Approach

This paper describes the development phases of a numerical-experimental integrated approach aimed at obtaining sufficiently accurate predictions of the noise field emitted by an external gear pump by means of some vibration measurements on its external casing. Harmonic response methods and vibroacoustic analyses were considered as the main tools of this methodology. FFT acceleration spectra were experimentally acquired only in some positions of a 8.5 cc/rev external gear pump casing for some working conditions and considered as external excitation boundary conditions for a FE quite simplified vibroacoustic model. The emitted noise field was computed considering the pump as a ‘black box’, without taking into account the complex dynamics of the gear tooth meshing process and the consequent fluid pressure and load distribution. Sound power tests, based on sound intensity measurements, as well as sound pressure measurements in some positions around the pump casing were performed for validation purposes. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results confirmed the potentiality of this approach in offering a good compromise between noise prediction accuracy and reduction of experimental and modelling requirements.
Application of high‐energy polarized energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry to the determination of trace levels of As, Hg, and Pb in certifiable color additives

Advances in x-ray fluorescence (XRF) using high-energy polarized energy-dispersive (ED)XRF spectrometry (PEDXRF) were applied to the determination of trace As, Hg, and Pb in various color additives subject to batch certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The objectives of this study were to simplify sample preparation for quantitative determination of these elements and, if possible, to achieve improved sensitivity and detection limits compared to techniques currently used for certification. PEDXRF was compared with wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) and inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the analysis of trace levels of As, Hg, and Pb in certifiable color additives. For these light matrices, PEDXRF provided better signal-to-noise and allowed quantitation in smaller amounts of color additive relative to WDXRF and equal or better precision to ICP-MS. Determination of these trace elements in a variety of color additives was possible relative to calibrations generated from one color additive using specimens prepared simply by pouring the color additive powder into an XRF sample cup. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer—Why Now?

Abstract Introduction Immunotherapy is transforming cancer care with the potential for an important role in prostate cancer. Methods In this review we discuss the rationale for immunotherapy for prostate cancer and the treatment strategies currently under way. Results Cell and viral based vaccines have shown some promise, as has immune checkpoint inhibition using CTLA-4 blocking agents. Conclusions The future will likely involve combination immunotherapy to maximize treatment effects and improve survival for patients with prostate cancer.
Parallel feedback active noise control using decomposition of noise signal

Source noise is not measured directly but rather estimated in a so called "feedback" active noise control (FANC) method where no reference noise microphone or sensor is used. Unlike random noise, periodic signals can be attenuated well by a FANC method since they can be accurately estimated knowing the signal period. This paper presents a FANC method in which the estimate of noise signal measured by error microphone is decomposed into a periodic component and a random noise component using a low order adaptive linear prediction (LP) filtering and the signal auto-correlation samples. Each component is then attenuated by two separate NLMS-based FANC systems operating in parallel to cancel the original noise signal. The proposed FANC method is tested for different noisy tonal signals under various signal to noise ratios (SNR). The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Sexual Dimorphism, Movement Patterns, and Diets of Sternotherus carinatus (Razorback Musk Turtle)

Abstract Sternotherus carinatus (Razorback Musk Turtle) is an aquatic species for which natural history information is lacking. We explored natural history differences between males and females using analyses of sexual dimorphism, movement patterns, and diets in 2 East Texas populations. We found male-biased sexual dimorphism in both head and body size, a pattern partially consistent with analyses of preserved museum specimens. Using radiotelemetry, we found no differences between males and females in home ranges, maximum distance moved, and total distance moved. However, females exhibited significantly higher mean daily speeds. Analysis of the proportional use of food resources indicated a high degree of overlap between males and females and a low degree of overlap between populations. The selective forces influencing the observed patterns of sexual dimorphism in this species remain unclear but our data seem to rule out partitioning of food resources.
Data Sharing: Low-Cost Sensors for Affect and Cognition

The Educational Data Mining (EDM) community has experienced many benefits from the open sharing of data. Efforts such as the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center Datashop have helped in the development of learning data storage and standards in the educational community. In other fields, standards of comparison have been created through publication, sharing, and competition on identical datasets. This ability to share, compare, and grow as a field has proven to be a success. This paper presents a new and unique dataset, and shares it with the EDM community. Initial offline analysis results and secondary online analysis results are presented as benchmarks for comparison by future researchers.
Chapter 3: There’s No Center Without the Margins—Revealing Compulsory Performance to Achieve Audience Empathy

This critical autoethnography explores performance-of-personal-narrative research methodology, performance ethnography, compulsory able-bodiedness, and disability stigma over the course of an evening at a bar in a college town. Through interactions with patrons and staff, a performance studies doctoral student explains that humans have an innate knowledge and fear of our inevitable mortality that compels us to marginalize disabled bodies, transferring the struggle over this universal, inescapable vulnerability to certain stigmatized cultural members. She argues for storytelling performance adaptations of her narrative research on disability to allow audience members to glimpse the Utopian performative of “hyper-embodied consciousness,” the collective embracing of our inevitable mortality that collectively pursues the creation of a culture that adapts and flexes around our forever-changing bodies.
Third person effects of fake news

Although the actual effect of fake news online on voters decisions is still unknown, concerns over the perceived effect of fake news online have prevailed in the US and other countries. Based on an analysis of survey responses from national samples (n=1299) in the US, we found a strong tendency of the third-person perception. That is, individuals believed that fake news would have greater effects on out-group members than themselves or in-group members. Additionally, we proposed a theoretical path model, identifying the antecedents and consequences of the third-person perception. The results showed that partisan identity, social undesirability of content, and external political efficacy were positive predictors of the third-person perception. Interestingly, our findings revealed that third-person perception led to different ways of combating fake news online. Those with a greater level of third-person perception were more likely to support the media literacy approach but less likely to support the media regulation approach. Individuals showed third-person perception concerning the influence of fake news.Social undesirability, partisan identity, and efficacy were positive predictors of third-person perception.Third-person perception leads to support for media literacy intervention to combat fake news.Third-person perception leads to rejection of media regulation approach.
Discovery of the Tiancilactone Antibiotics by Genome Mining of Atypical Bacterial Type II Diterpene Synthases.

Although genome mining has advanced the identification, discovery, and study of microbial natural products, the discovery of bacterial diterpenoids continues to lag behind. Herein, we report the identification of 66 putative producers of novel bacterial diterpenoids, and the discovery of the tiancilactone (TNL) family of antibiotics, by genome mining of type II diterpene synthases that do not possess the canonical DXDD motif. The TNLs, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics with moderate activities, are produced by both Streptomyces sp. CB03234 and Streptomyces sp. CB03238 and feature a highly functionalized diterpenoid skeleton that is further decorated with chloroanthranilate and γ-butyrolactone moieties. Genetic manipulation of the tnl gene cluster resulted in TNL congeners, which provided insights into their biosynthesis and structure-activity relationships. This work highlights the biosynthetic potential that bacteria possess to produce diterpenoids and should inspire continued efforts to discover terpenoid natural products from bacteria.
Effect of acid and alkali treatment of soybean meal on nitrogen utilization by ruminants.

Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with acid or alkali to determine effects on N solubility, in vitro NH3-N accumulation, in situ N degradability, and N digestion and retention in growing lambs. The following SBM treatments resulted in decreased (P less than .05) N solubility and in vitro NH3-N accumulation compared with control SBM: spraying with 2.5 or 5% acetic or propionic acid, soaking in .5 N HCl, .5 N NaOH or .5 N propionic acid followed by air drying, and soaking in H2O, .5 N HCl or .5 N propionic acid followed by drying at 100 C. In situ residual N was determined for SBM subjected to the above treatments. Soybean meal sprayed with 2.5 or 5% acetic or propionic acid had greater (P less than .05) in situ residual N after 4, 8 and 12 h of incubation than control SBM. Soybean meal soaked in .5 N HCl or .5 N NaOH and air-dried, and soaked in H2O, .5 N propionic acid or .5 N HCl and dried at 100 C had greater (P less than .05) in situ residual N after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of incubation than control SBM. In a lamb N balance trial, SBM treated by spraying with 5% acetic or propionic acid or by soaking in .5 N NaOH did not result in reduced N digestion compared to control SBM. Feeding SBM soaked in .5 N NaOH resulted in a 39% increase (P less than .05) in N retention compared with control SBM (5.21 vs 3.74 g/d, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)