cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Listening to the Different Voices: Toward a More Poetic Bioethics

In By Blue Ontario’s Shore,Walt Whitman offers his vision of the public role of the poet in a situation of conflict and diversity. The poet, he says, may bring souls together in a way that coercion or a legal code (“paper and seal”) cannot. The poet can bind us together like “the limbs of the body or the fibres of plants” because he has the “eye to pierce the deepest deeps....” [38], pp. 312–313). About the poet Whitman writes: He is no arguer, he is judgment... He judges not as the judge judges but as the sun falling round a helpless thing... He sees eternity in men and women, he does not see men and women as dreams or dots. ([38], p. 313)
Minimal partial languages and automata

Partial words are sequences of characters from an alphabet in which some positions may be marked with a “hole” symbol, ⋄. We can create a ⋄-substitution mapping this symbol to a subset of the alphabet, so that applying such a substitution to a partial word results in a set of full words (ones without holes). This setup allows us to compress regular languages into smaller partial languages. Deterministic finite automata for such partial languages, referred to as ⋄-DFAs, employ a limited non-determinism that can allow them to have lower state complexity than the minimal DFAs for the corresponding full languages. Our paper focuses on algorithms for the construction of minimal partial languages, associated with some ⋄-substitution, as well as approximation algorithms for the construction of minimal ⋄-DFAs.
Comparison of bubble and membrane oxygenators in short and long perfusions.

Eighty patients had cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), half having short (109 +/- 11 minutes) perfusions and half having long (188 +/- 14 min) perfusions. Twenty patients in each group were perfused with bubble oxygenators (Bentley, Harvey, or Galen) and 20 with membrane oxygenators (Modulung or Teflo). Hemodilution to a hematocrit value of 22.5% +/- 1.4% and hypothermia to 28 degrees +/- 2 degrees C were used in all patients. Complete hemograms, sequential multiple analyzer 18 tests, coagulation profiles, blood gases and pH, three immunoglobulins, and two complement fraction proteins were sampled as follows: three times before perfusion, one to ten times during perfusion, 1 hour immediately after perfusion, and 4, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Data in concentration terms were compared statistically and reported as mean and standard error for each subset. Additionally, rates of gain or loss were calculated in terms of quantity per liter of blood pumped per minute. During perfusion for both duration sets, use of a membrane oxygenator resulted in greater pump flows (4.55 +/- 0.15 L/min versus 3.75 +/- 0.11 L/min), lower total peripheral resistances (1,125 +/- 63 dynes.sec.cm-5 versus 1,652 +/- 115 dynes.sec.cm-5), and greater urinary outputs (9.4 +/- 1.1 ml/min versus 2.2 +/- 0.6 ml/min) than in the bubble oxygenator subsets. Comparisons of measured and calculated data in the immediate postperfusion interval showed no differences between bubble and membrane oxygenator subsets for short perfusions. In long perfusions, the membrane subset had lower plasma hemoglobin and white cell concentrations and generation rates, smaller (3 to 8 1/2 times) losses of IgG, IgM, C3 and shed blood necessitating less transfusion, and greater C4 losses. The membrane oxygenator systems used were more complex and costly and offered no advantages for short perfusion in adults. In anticipated long perfusions or where bleeding may be a problem, a membrane oxygenator appears more efficacious than bubble systems. For perfusions of less than 2 hours, membrane oxygenators had no biochemical or hematologic advantage over the bubble devices used in this study.
The contentious politics of religious diversity

Though Charles Tilly’s scholarship did not treat the disintegration of Latin Christendom during and after the Protestant Reformation as one of the “Big Changes” in European history, his work is nevertheless supportive of the current effort to describe and account for the very contentious origins of religious diversity in Europe. From his work on contentious politics and collective violence to his work on durable inequalities and rights, Tilly’s theoretical precept and scholarly example continue both to inspire and to provoke new historical and social scientific research beyond the range of his own vision. His broadest challenge to his critics was and continues to be to go beyond criticism of his work to provide a better causal account of large-scale historical change, specifying the mechanisms and processes that recurrently alter the relations among historical actors.
God's Limitations: Islam, Political Autonomy, and National Narratives in Contemporary Eritrea

Since the Eritrean government’s crackdown against political dissent in September 2001, one major result during the ensuing decade has been the systematic curtailing of both religious freedom and the ability of religious institutions to operate with any degree of legitimate autonomy. In the context of Eritrea’s Sunni Muslim community, Islamic community autonomy and practices have been particularly limited amid the current environment. This paper analyzes Islamic institutions’ complicated role in present-day Eritrea with an emphasis on how Eritrean Muslims both within and outside of the country have attempted to maneuver through the current political constraints. It discusses how current challenges within the country reflect broader historical trends both in Eritrea and across the region. It also demonstrates how some Muslim communities have attempted to balance their delicate status within the country while embracing their historic role in addressing issues of political disenfranchisement and social justice within a national context. Lastly, it demonstrates that such recent institutional developments across the country have also revealed the staying power of the largely secularized “national” narrative, which has succeeded thus far in placing discussions about the role of religion in Eritrea’s national history under erasure.
Markov Processes and Their Applications to Partial Differential Equations: Kuznetsov’s Contributions

We describe some directions of research in probability theory and related problems of analysis to which S. E. Kuznetsov has made fundamental contributions.A Markov process (understood as a random path X t , 0 ≤ t < ∞ such that past before t and future after t are independent given X t ) is determined by a probability measure P on a path space. This measure can be constructed starting from a transition function and probability distribution of X 0. For a number of applications, it is also important to consider a path in both, forward and backward directions which leads to a concept of dual processes. In 1973, Kuznetsov constructed, as a substitute for such a pair of processes, a single random process (X t , ℙ) determined on a random time interval (α, β). The corresponding forward and backward transition functions define a dual pair of processes. A σ-finite measure ℙ became, under the name “Kuznetsov measure,” an important tool for research on Markov processes and their applications.
Behavioral Health Coverage In The Individual Market Increased After ACA Parity Requirements.

As of January 1, 2014, the Affordable Care Act designated mental health and substance use services as an essential health benefit in Marketplace plans and extended parity protections to the individual and small-group markets. We analyzed documents for seventy-eight individual and small-group plans in 2014 (after parity provisions took effect) and sixty comparison plans in 2013 (the year before parity provisions took effect) to understand the degree to which coverage for mental health and substance use care improved relative to medical/surgical benefits. The results suggest that plan issuers did what the provisions required them to do. Although in 2013 a lower proportion of plans covered mental health or substance use care, compared to medical/surgical care, in 2014 the proportions were the same. If essential health benefit requirements were to be removed and mental health and substance use coverage becomes similar to that in 2013, as many as 20 percent of the plans in our sample would not cover these cond...
Semaphorin-5A maintains epithelial phenotype of malignant pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease, and the lethality of this disease stems from early metastatic dissemination where surgical removal cannot provide a cure. Improvement of the therapeutic outcome and overall survival of PC patients requires to understand the fundamental processes that lead to metastasis such as the gain of cellular migration ability. One such family of proteins, which are essential players of cellular migration, is Semaphorin. Previously, we have identified one of the Semaphorin family member, Semaphorin-5A (SEMA5A) to be involved in organ-specific homing during PC metastasis. We have also demonstrated that SEMA5A has a constitutive expression in PC cell lines derived from metastatic sites in comparison with low endogenous expression in the primary tumor-derived cell line. In this study, we examined whether constitutive SEMA5A expression in metastatic PC cells regulates tumor growth and metastatic potential. We generated SEMA5A knockdown in T3M-4 and CD18/HPAF cells and assessed their phenotypes on in vitro motility, tumor growth, and metastatic progression. In contrary to our initial expectations, orthotopic injection of SEMA5A knockdown cells into nude mice resulted in a significant increase in both tumor burden and liver metastases in comparison with the Control cells. Similarly, we observed higher in vitro migratory potential with pronounced morphological changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a decrease in the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-Cad), increase in the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (N-Cad) and Snail and the activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway in SEMA5A knockdown cells. Furthermore, re-establishing SEMA5A expression with a knockdown resistant mouse Sema5A in SEMA5A knockdown cells resulted in a reversion to the epithelial state (mesenchymal-epithelial transition; MET), as indicated by the rescue of E-Cad expression and a decrease in N-Cad and Snail expression. Collectively, our data suggest that SEMA5A expression maintains epithelial phenotype in the metastatic microenvironment.
Does shape affect shape change at the nanoscale

The mechanical deformation behavior of nanocomposite metals depends on the dimensions of their constituents, due to the interactions of dislocations with grain and phase boundaries. It is now becoming apparent that the mechanical behavior of these materials also depends on the constituent shapes. This article summarizes experimental and modeling investigations on two types of metal nanocomposites composed of intricately interpenetrating phases—those formed by phase separation in physical vapor codeposited alloys and those synthesized by liquid-metal dealloying. The opportunities and challenges these materials present for investigating complex microstructural morphologies and their effects on mechanical behavior are discussed.
Donning Gloves Before Surgical Gown Eliminates Sleeve Contamination.

Abstract Background There are numerous studies in the literature that have recognized the importance of the glove-gown interface as a potential source of intraoperative bacterial contamination. It has been demonstrated that the methods with which one dons their surgical gown and gloves can alter the level of gown contamination. We hypothesize that donning undergloves before the surgical gown will decrease if not eliminate sleeve contamination. Methods We performed a comparative study to assess the differences in gown contamination between three different gown and glove donning techniques. Participants ranged in experience level from intern to attending. Each participant covered their hands with ultraviolet light disclosing lotion and then donned surgical gown and gloves with their preferred technique and with the proposed technique in a randomly assigned order. The gowns were then removed and analyzed under ultraviolet light for distance and quantity of sleeve contamination. Results The gloves-first technique demonstrated zero contamination in all samples. This is significantly less than both closed and open staff–assisted techniques (P Discussion The gloves-first technique demonstrates zero sleeve contamination throughout all samples, regardless of the experience level. We strongly recommend considering the use of this glove and gown donning technique as opposed to the currently accepted closed and open techniques in an effort to reduce gown contamination.
Dilation analyticity in constant electric field

The resolvent of the operatorH0(e, θ)=−Δe-20+ex1eθ is not analytic in θ for θ in a neighborhood of a real point, if the electric field e is non-zero. (One manifestation of this singular behavior is that for 0<|Im θ|<π/3,H0(e, θ) has no spectrum in the finite plane.) Nevertheless it is shown that the techniques of dilation analyticity still can be used to discuss the long-lived states (resonances) of a system described by a Hamiltonian of the formH=−Δ+ex1+V(x).
Abstract 21: Effect of Hypoxic Preconditioning on Cortical Bone Stem Cells (CBSCs)

Rationale: Cortical Bone Stem Cells (CBSCs) improve cardiac performance when delivered in an infarcted heart, in part, through secretion of paracrine factors. However transplanted cells can die due to hypoxia or other hostile fators within the infarcted heart. Hypoxia is known to also influence several biological process including migration, proliferation and secretory activity. Objective: the aim of this study is to define the effects of hypoxia on biological properties of CBSCs. Methods and Results: CBSCs were isolated from C57Bl/6 mouse, expanded in vitro and characterized. CBSCs were subjected to hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) condition and then several biological properties were analysed. Hypoxia resulted in upregulation of CAIX and GLUT1 expression, two HIF1α downstream targets (3.2 and 5.1 fold increase of GLUT1; 6.7 and 65 fold increase of CAIX after 6 and 24 hours respectively). This indicates an effective hypoxic response activation in our experimental conditions. Cell proliferation was as...
Surface roughness effects on equilibrium temperature.

An analysis is presented for evaluation of equilibrium temperature distribution on radiatively adiabatic, adjoint planes which are uniformly irradiated by a collimated solar flux. The analysis employs a semigrey spectral model. Radiation properties for surface emitted radiation are obtained from the expressions of electromagnetic theory for smooth surfaces. Rough surface properties for solar radiation are given by the Beckmann bidirectional reflectance model. Numerical solutions to the governing equations yield equilibrium temperature distributions for a range of the influencing parameters. Surface roughness has little influence on equilibrium temperature for materials with high values for solar absorptance. However, for low or intermediate values of solar absorptance, roughness effects on the spatial distribution of reflected solar radiation can significantly alter equilibrium temperature particularly at surface elements where radiant interaction is small.
Design of a Bandwidth-Improved, Directive Antenna for a Pavement RFID Tag

This paper presents a novel, directive RFID tag antenna for pavement embedded application. The tag antenna is made of a two-element, closely spaced Yagi antenna; a multiply folded driver and a bowtie strip director. At 908 MHz, the antenna has an input impedance of 36 + j131 $\Omega$, which matches well with the conjugate of Higgs-3 chip impedance of 20 - j135 $\Omega$. The maximum directivity of 5.7 dBi is achieved at 908 MHz. The designed antenna covers the entire US required UHF RFID bandwidth ranging from 902 MHz to 928 MHz.
Microstructure and Critical Currents of YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films on SrTiO3 and a New Substrate: KTaO3

Superconducting thin films of high-TC materials are of interest for use in fundamental research as well as for a variety of device applications. Epitaxial thin films of high-TC superconductors have previously been produced using substrates such as SrTiO3, cubic ZrO2, MgO, and Al2O3 with the best results being reported for (100) surfaces of strontium titanate. In the present work, the properties of epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y123) formed by coevaporation of Y, Cu, and BaF2 onto (100) surfaces of SrTiO3 are presented and compared with those found for identical films on a new substrate material: single crystal KTaO3 or potassium tantalate. This material, like SrTiO3, is also a cubic perovskite with a suitable lattice constant for promoting epitaxial growth. In Sections I and II of the present work, the details of the film preparation are outlined, along with the properties of the resulting high-Ta films formed on (100) and (110) surfaces of SrTiO3. These results are similar to the findings by others and a critical dependency on the film microstructure and orientation is found. In Section III, the results obtained for the new substrate material KTaO3 are presented. It is shown that the properties of Y123 films epitaxially grown on the (100) surface of KTaO3 single crystals compare favorably with those of films formed on SrTiO3. In Section IV more detailed comparisons of the microstructural properties of epitaxial films on the two substrate types are made. The results show that KTaO3 represents a promising new substrate material for the epitaxial growth of high-TC Y123 films.
Ethics in Health Data Science

New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health information and services worldwide. Digital health interventions (WHO 2018) include those designed for individuals, such as personalized health information delivered to their mobile phones; health care providers, such as decision support tools; and health systems, which include the digitization of health records. The other chapters outline the scope and potential for digital advances to impact global health outcomes. This chapter focuses on the responsibilities that accompany the adoption of these technologies. Specifically, we examine the ethical considerations to leveraging technology for global health, with a focus on resource-poor regions. Our paramount ethical consideration centers on putting the community and end user needs at the center of the approach. Using the concerned community as the starting point, all other ethical considerations follow, from safeguarding the rights of those impacted, which includes data privacy, security, and consent, to assessing unintended consequences.
Classroom teaching and athletic coaching: Connecting social positions through interrole symbiosis

The purpose of this study is to examine a first-year educator’s socialization into the roles of classroom teaching and athletic coaching. This case study explores the significance of a middle schoo...
A Philosophical Anthropology of Race and the Geographies of Liberation

In the final pages of Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon argues for the emergence of what he calls a “new humanity”. Efforts of human beings to realize themselves and their conditions as liberated, he reasons, must entail a disposing of Europe as the standard against which all else is judged. Much like the project of decolonization, establishing a new humanity is a totalizing project that must take seriously all domains in and by which the human being is implicated, which includes, necessarily, the spatial. In other words, liberation must involve a contending with all domains involved in the oppression of black people. This isn’t to deny progress where it is made in other domains, but instead to acknowledge the meticulous efforts by racists to construct a world where one is everywhere reminded of the problem of blackness. A deconstruction of that world must be attended to with an even greater measure of care. Thus, I examine the ways in which liberation necessarily takes on a spatial quality. In doing so, I pay particular attention to how contemporary black liberation movements, like Black Lives Matters, articulate their positions in spatial terms.
Misperceptions about added sugar, non-nutritive sweeteners and juice in popular children's drinks: Experimental and cross-sectional study with U.S. parents of young children (1-5 years).

Background Experts recommend against serving sugary drinks and non-nutritive sweeteners to young children, but misperceptions about drink ingredients may contribute to consumption. Objectives Assess parents' ability to identify added sugar, non-nutritive sweeteners and juice in children's drinks. Methods Researchers recruited U.S. parents of young children (1-5 years) through an online survey panel (N = 1603). In a randomized experiment, participants indicated whether eight popular children's drink products contained added sugar or non-nutritive sweeteners and percentage of juice after viewing (a) front-of-package alone or (b) front-of-package plus nutrition/ingredient information. Participants also viewed common statements of identity on children's drinks to identify product ingredients. Results When viewing front-of-packages alone, most participants accurately identified products with (83%-90%) and without (51%-65%) added sugar. Showing nutrition/ingredient information increased accuracy. However, the majority could not identify drinks with non-nutritive sweeteners (53%-58%), and many incorrectly believed that unsweetened juices contained added sugar (38%-43%), sweetened flavoured waters had no added sugar (24%-25%), and 100% juice contained less than 100% juice (37%). Furthermore, the majority could not identify product ingredients from statement of identity terms. Conclusions Misperceptions about product ingredients under current labelling practices indicate that updated regulations are necessary, including clear disclosures of sweetener and juice content on package fronts.
First impression effects in organizational psychology.

The study of first impressions, which consistently demonstrate meaningful and surprisingly durable impacts on attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions, is pervasive across psychological disciplines. In this integrative conceptual review, we focus on first impressions within the organizational psychology literature, which have been explored across an impressive variety of topical domains (e.g., selection, socialization, leader-subordinate relationships, job performance, and teams) though largely in fragmented ways. Our review attempts to resolve major differences in how researchers have approached first impression effects to build consensus on what first impression effects are, how they occur, and how long they take to develop. In synthesizing this seemingly disparate body of research, we develop an integrative framework of first impression effects comprising four fundamental elements-cues, motives, processes, and outcomes-that must be considered both individually and collectively to understand first impression effects in organizational settings in their entirety. Using this framework, we take stock of the existing literature and identify important through lines, including the focus on displayer- or perceiver-centric effects and whether first impression effects are presumed to be biased or valid. Our fundamental elements framework can be used to systematically catalog and reconcile prior work, as well as develop stronger, more theoretically cohesive studies in the future. We outline major implications for theory and practice on first impressions in the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Determinants of cereal crops commercialization among smallholder farmers in Guji Zone, Ethiopia

In the Guji Zone, even though cereal crop production volume has shown an increasing trend by 100.5% between 2011 and 2020, the proportion of cereal crops that are marketed has declined by 12.9% dur...
"Genetic Surveillance" —The Bogeyman Response to Familial DNA Investigations

Familial DNA investigations are the inevitable and controversial extension of DNA identification and databasing. A DNA sample extracted from probative crime scene evidence may be compared to the national database of offenders and found to nearly match a person's profile but with one or more differences, excluding that individual as the perpetrator but presenting the likelihood that the criminal might be a near relative. Investigation of those relatives, and securing their DNA samples, has raised cries of Fourth Amendment violations and the specter of "genetic surveillance." This Article examines this controversy from an innocence perspective, as familial DNA investigations can also clear the wrongly accused. After analyzing such investigations in light of Fourth Amendment precedent, it turns to debunking many of the objections and proposes a set of restrictions that will permit the use of this process while protecting individual rights.
In-Place Printing of Flexible Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors With Enhanced Stability

Ion gel-based dielectrics have long been considered for enabling low-voltage operation in printed thin-film transistors (TFTs), but their compatibility with in-place printing (a streamlined, direct-write printing approach where devices never leave the printer mid- or post-process) remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a simple and rapid 4-step in-place printing procedure for producing low-voltage electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistors at low temperature (80 °C). This process consists of the use of polymer-wrapped CNT inks for printed channels, silver nanowire inks for printed electrodes, and imidazolium-based ion gel inks for printed gate dielectrics. We find that the efficacy of rinsing CNT films and printing an ion gel in-place is optimized using an elevated platen temperature (as opposed to external rinsing or post-process annealing), where resultant devices exhibited on/off-current ratios exceeding 103, mobilities exceeding 10 cm2V−1s−1, and gate hysteresis of only 0.1 V. Additionally, devices were tested under mechanical strain and long-term bias, showing exceptional flexibility and electrochemical stability over the course of 14-hour bias tests. The findings presented here widen the potential scope of print-in-place (PIP) devices and reveal new avenues of investigation for the improvement of bias stress stability in electrolyte-gated transistors.
Something to Hide: Individual Strategies for Personal Privacy Practices

This paper illustrates the strategies by which individual users are beginning to take control of their personal data streams, and the way that social practices are developing as a way to overcome longstanding usability hurdles for third party privacy management tools, particularly encryption. Grounded in an historical overview of telecommunications policy in the United States as it relates to the development of computer-mediated communication, contemporary notions of privacy are discussed. Preliminary analysis from pilot interviews and the early development of CryptoParty are presented to illustrate sites where the work of individual privacy regulation occurs, and is taught to others.
DMCA § 512 Safe Harbor for Anonymity Networks Amid a Cyber-Democratic Storm: Lessons from the 2009 Iranian Uprising

In the summer of 2009, the world watched as Iranians took the online services that some of us have come to regard as tools of procrastination — services like Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube — and turned them into the tools of cyber-democratization. When the Iranian government banned foreign journalists, grainy cell phone footage of peaceful street protests and the government’s brutal response filled the void and kept the world informed. But news did not escape Iran’s borders unaided. Liberation technology, particularly the popular anonymity network “Tor,” helped Iranian protesters bypass government censors while remaining undetected. Today, the U.S.-based volunteers who comprise a significant segment of Tor’s operator network face an uncertain legal landscape because Tor technology can facilitate copyright infringement. I foresee that Tor operators will soon find themselves defendants in copyright infringement actions arising from file-sharing activity, most likely in connection with the popular BitTorrent protocol. The typical plaintiff’s strategy of subpoenaing Internet service providers (ISPs) to identify users based on Internet Protocol (IP) address can mistakenly identify Tor operators who, because of the nature of this technology, will appear to be the sources of any infringing activity passing through their virtual tunnels.Using the Iranian uprising as case study, I argue that Tor operators should be shielded from secondary infringement liability so that they can continue to facilitate speech in heavily censored nations thereby improving U.S. access to world news and nurturing the development of democratic habits abroad. Specifically, volunteer anonymity network operators should enjoy protection under DMCA § 512(a), a provision allowing safe harbor for transitory digital network communication providers.
Taser Use: Report of the Use of Force Working Group of Allegheny County

The Use of Force Working Group was convened in October of 2008 to study police use of electronic control devices, better known as Tasers. Allegheny County (Pa.) District Attorney Stephen A Zappala, Jr. appointed the Working Group in the wake of an incident in which a person died following a Taser exposure at the hands of local police officers. This Report concludes that Tasers can be worthwhile and safe weapons in the police arsenal, but only if they are used consistent with proper policy, training, supervision and accountability. Anything less makes the use of these weapons a risky choice from the point of view of both police officers and the public. The Report discusses the scientific and medical research on Tasers, and sets out the best practices that should appear in any Taser policy. The Report also makes recommendations concerning situations in which Tasers should never be used, and situations in which police should only use these devices with extreme caution. It also contains a first-person description of what it feels like to be shot with a Taser, based on the experience of the Report’s primary author.
Equity and diversity in media representation

(2001). Equity and diversity in media representation. Critical Studies in Media Communication: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 109-114.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Cardiomyopathy

The myocardium has limited options for responding to an injury sufficient to cause decreased global contractile function. Myocardial pump performance can be quickly stabilized by increased adrenergic drive, which through β-adrenergic mechanisms increases cardiac output via positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. In a kinetic sense, the next available option for stabilizing pump function is the Frank-Starling mechanism, whereby volume expansion places the ventricles at a higher position in the preload-performance relationship. The renin-angiotensin and β-adrenergic systems appear to exert most of the signaling in this regard. The third and slowest-to-develop option is to create more contractile elements through a hypertrophic response involving new synthesis of sarcomeres in individual cardiac myocytes. The first two compensatory adjustments are very powerful in humans and have probably evolved as protective responses to trauma and blood loss. The hypertrophic response may also be considered in this context but in more of a wound-healing paradigm that incorporates features of a generalized inflammatory response. As such, a host of proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to be increased systemically or in the myocardium of subjects with heart failure. The first of these was tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),1 a 17-kD protein that acts through two distinct receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF-α produces a series of powerful biological effects that include immunostimulation, mediation of host resistance to …
Dynamic Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Cognitive-behavior therapy is at a critical juncture in its development. It is in the midst of a second cognitive revolution (Mahoney, 1991). Cognitive psychology no longer views the mind as a collection of static self-statements and passive schemata. The mind is a dynamic, constructive process. Cognitive processing affects how information is stored and retrieved. Cognitive processing also influences what information is perceived and attended to in the first place. Cognitive psychology’s tenets of tacit, or unconscious, mental processing and a feed-forward mechanism have opened the portal for dynamic theorizing in cognitive-behavior therapy (Turner, 1989; 1993a, b).
Clinical presentation and treatment responses in IgM-related AL amyloidosis

Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a multi-organ disease due to deposition of misfolded monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. IgM AL amyloidosis is a rare variant, about 6% of AL amyloidosis cases, and more data are needed for treatment guidance. In IgM AL amyloidosis, the clonal cell of origin may be a plasma or lymphoplasmacytic cell, and treatments targeting each are employed. We describe presenting clinical and laboratory features of 95 patients with IgM AL amyloidosis treated at Boston University Amyloidosis Center from 1996 to 2012. The median diagnosis age was 66 years (range: 38-89) with 56% males. Organ involvement rates were: kidney (51%); heart (40%); lymph nodes (25%) and gastrointestinal tract (17%). Treatment responses were analyzed for 46 patients seen after 2003. Five treatment regimens were assigned by bone marrow pathology and patient-specific factors. Overall hematologic response rates and very good partial or complete hematologic response rates, respectively, were: high-dose melphalan/stem cell transplant (HDM/SCT) 100%;80%, Bortezomib 82%;27%, Rituximab 80%;27%, immunomodulatory agents (IMids) 75%;0%, and standard dose alkylating agents (Melphalan or cyclophosphamide) 63%;19%. Overall, 5-year survival rates were significantly higher in patients with a hematological response: 79.2 ± 8.5% versus 41 ± 14.9% in non-responders, which is more favorable than typically expected in AL amyloidosis.
IDENTIFICATION OF MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MACROFIBER FORMATION IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS

A search was made for the genes responsible for the production of helical macrofibers in the original collection of macrofiber-producing strains of B. subtilis. Two loci were identified: fibA, located between hisA and tag-1, and fibB, linked to cysB. fibA governs a short-lived division suppression phenomenon associated with the production of rudimentary fibers, whereas fibB appears to be responsible for a persistent division suppression and a more highly organized helical macrofiber. Both mutations are recovered from each of the original macrofiber-producing strains which also carried the div IV-B1 mutation responsible for minicell production. The latter mutation by itself is not sufficient, however, for the production of macrofibers. Other known mutations leading to division suppression that map in the same region are shown not to be allelic to fibA or fibB. Neither fib locus appears to be responsible for helix hand determination.
Treatment and Outcome of Thrombolysis-Related Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Importance Treatments for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) are based on expert opinion, with limited data available on efficacy. Objective To better understand the natural history of thrombolysis-related sICH, with a focus on the efficacy of various treatments used. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter retrospective study between January 1, 2009, and April 30, 2014, at 10 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. Participants were all patients with sICH, using the definition by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST), which included a parenchymal hematoma type 2 and at least a 4-point increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was hematoma expansion, defined as a 33% increase in the hematoma volume on follow-up imaging. Results Of 3894 patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) within 4½ hours after symptom onset of ischemic stroke, 128 (3.3%) had sICH. The median time from initiation of rtPA therapy to sICH diagnosis was 470 minutes (range, 30-2572 minutes), and the median time from diagnosis to treatment of sICH was 112 minutes (range, 12-628 minutes). The in-hospital mortality rate was 52.3% (67 of 128), and 26.8% (22 of 82) had hematoma expansion. In the multivariable models, code status change to comfort measures after sICH diagnosis was the sole factor associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.6). Severe hypofibrinogenemia (fibrinogen level, P = .01), highlighting a role for cryoprecipitate in reversing rtPA coagulopathy. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, treatment of postthrombolysis sICH did not significantly reduce the likelihood of in-hospital mortality or hematoma expansion. Shortening the time to diagnosis and treatment may be a key variable in improving outcomes of patients with sICH.
The impact of Medicaid managed care on pregnant women in Ohio: a cohort analysis.

This paper examines the impact of mandatory HMO enrollment for Medicaid-covered pregnant women on prenatal care use, smoking, c-section use, and birth weight, using linked birth certificate and Medicaid enrollment for 10 Ohio counties. Women serve as their own controls, which helps to overcome the bias from unmeasured variables such as health beliefs and behavior. Changes in key outcomes between the first and second birth are compared between women who reside in mandatory HMO enrollment counties and those in voluntary enrollment counties. Authors found that the effects of HMO enrollment on prenatal care use and smoking were confined to Cuyahoga County, Ohio's largest county. In Cuyahoga, the implementation of mandatory enrollment was related to a significant deterioration in the timing of initiation of care, but an improvement in the number of prenatal visits. In that county also, women who smoked in their first pregnancy were less likely to smoke during the second pregnancy, compared with women in voluntary counties. Changes over time in outcomes, both positive and negative, were more pronounced for African-American women. Authors conclude that, with careful implementation and attention to women's individual differences, outcomes for pregnant women may improve with Medicaid managed care implementation. (Health Services Research 39(4), 2004.)
Made to Measure: Designs Tailored to Your Study Needs

What is the best study design? Why would we prefer one to another? With many different designs, what should we be looking for in our critical reading of the literature? We discuss a variety of designs, and their appropriate use.
AfterNext: Decoding the Future of Higher Education in 2030

In the world of academic innovation there are many experts; experienced entrepreneurs who know what needs to be done next to improve faculty and student success in the rapidly changing environment of academe. More bandwidth, more funding, more professional development, more attention to quality and to test security; all very important — and all very unhelpful when one is tasked with visioning not what should come next — but what will come AFTER next.
The civic function of taste: A re‐assessment of Hugh Blair’s rhetorical theory

(1998). The civic function of taste: A re‐assessment of Hugh Blair's rhetorical theory. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 25-36.
Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy: review of over 1000 patients

Background:Esophagectomy is a complex operation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to lower morbidity, we have adopted a minimally invasive approach to esophagectomy.Objectives:Our primary objective was to evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive esophagecto
Feasibility for developing cardiovascular exercise recommendations for persons with motor-complete paraplegia based on manual wheelchair propulsion; A protocol and preliminary data

Background: The Center for Disease Control, American Heart Association, and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for duration and intensity of exercise are based on the amount of energy expenditure required to maintain cardiovascular health in able body individuals; 1000 Kilocalories (Kcals) per week of energy expenditure has been demonstrated to achieve this effect. Manual wheelchair propulsion (MWP) represents a practical and accessible form of exercise for individuals with paraplegia.Objective: To describe a method to determine the duration of MWP required to expend 1000 Kcals, when performed by individuals with paraplegia due to motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI).Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Rehabilitation Research Laboratory.Participants: Sixteen adults with motor complete T3-T12 paraplegia (body mass index 3 months).Interventions: Not applicable.Main Outcome Measures: Indirect calorimetry during MWP was measured in order to calculate...
Biracial marriages in the United States: An analysis of variation in family member support

This paper focuses on family member support of the decision of respondents to marry biracially. Through the use of assimilation theory and marital assimilation as a subprocess, it was hypothesized that African American spouses in biracial marriages experienced more support and acceptance from family members than White and Mexican American spouses received from theirs. In addition, individuals in Black/White marriages were asserted to have experienced less support and acceptance from family members than those in Mexican American/White marriages. A nonprobability sample of 337 biracially married individuals was utilized to investigate the research hypotheses. Through correlation and regression analysis, the research hypotheses were generally supported. African American family members were perceived to be the most supportive and accepting of biracial marriages involving one of their own, and White family members were seen as the least supportive. Length of marriage was found to influence support variables, i...
Minimum Height Packing for Layered Manufacturing Using an Extended Pattern Search Algorithm

This paper introduces an approach to solve the minimum height layout problem for layered manufacturing using a pattern search based algorithm called Extended Pattern Search. In the batch processing of several components in a typical layered manufacturing run, it is efficient in terms of cost and time to build the components after packing their 3D models such that the maximum height of the components is minimized. 3D component layout based on a pattern search algorithm provides a framework to accomplish such minimum height packing. A method to determine the objective function weights for a class of problems is also provided. Finally error minimizing build directions are incorporated in the 3D layout framework by imposing suitable spatial orientation constraints on individual components.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Right Heart Bullet Embolus: A Model for Management — Case Report:

Bullet embolism to the right heart from a distal vein is a rare event. Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and use of various radiographic modalities. The many complications associated with a retained intracardiac foreign body argue strongly for its retrieval.
Chemical and isotopic compositions of fluids at Cumbal Volcano, Colombia: evidence for magmatic contribution

We present chemical and isotopic data for fumarolic vapor and thermal spring discharges from Cumbal Volcano, SW Colombia. In 1988 Cumbal showed signs of apparent reactivation. Gases and steam condensates were sampled from summit fumaroles (83–375°C) of Cumbal in 1988–1996 and discharges from thermal springs (15–37°C) on its flanks in 1995–1996. Based on relative CO2, total S (H2S+SO2), and HCl contents, fumarolic discharges are principally magmatic in composition. Fumarolic steam condensates (1993–1996) have δ18O values of –11.4 to +2.5‰ and δD values of –91 to –43‰. δ18O and δD compositions indicate mixing between local meteoric and magmatic waters. 3He/4He ratios in 1993–1996 samples (5.3–7.9 Rcor) are consistent with addition of mantle-derived helium. δ13CCO2 values for 1996 samples (–6.7 to –5.0‰) likely indicate contribution of marine-carbonate, organic sediment, and mantle-derived CO2. δ34SStotal compositions (–4.6 to +5.6‰) of 1988–1996 fumarolic discharges have magmatic signatures and may reflect cycles of deposition and remobilization of native sulfur. Thermal waters are acid-sulfate or bicarbonate in composition. Relative concentrations of chemical constituents of thermal waters imply that the composition of waters is controlled by absorption of magmatic volatiles into shallow ground- and surface waters, dilution with meteoric waters along flow paths, and dissolution of host rocks. δ18O and δD compositions are consistent with a meteoric origin of waters. δ34SStotal values for thermal spring gas discharges (9.6–10.5‰) suggest deposition of δ34S-depleted sulfur minerals along flow paths. Chemical and isotopic compositions of 1988–1995 fumarolic discharges provide evidence for input of magmatic volatiles into the Cumbal hydrothermal system. From 1995 to 1996, geochemical data show increasing hydrothermal signatures, suggesting a decline in magmatic volatile input.
Comparing certain classes of difference and finite element methods for a hyperbolic problem

The notion of the intervals per wavelength necessary to yield certain prescribed error levels per period is used to compare the computational efficiency of three classes of spatial differences combined with three time discretizations for the model problem u"t = u"x under periodic boundary conditions. The three classes of spatial difference schemes considered include high order (explicit) centered differences, smooth spline-Galerkin differences, and quite high order implicit centered differences. The three time discretizations include leap-frog, Crank-Nicolson, and 4^t^h-order Pade' differencing.
Dynamic manycasting in optical split-incapable WDM networks for supporting high-bandwidth applications

With the advent of bandwidth intensive applications, the demand for manycast networking capabilities has become an essential component of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks. Traditionally, the manycast functionality is accomplished by splitting a signal all-optically, thereby creating a light-tree, which originates from the source node and reaches a subset of the destination nodes. To support the manycasting functionality in an optical network that is split-incapable (SI), i.e., the optical crossconnects are incapable of switching an incoming optical signal to more than one output interface, one must implement a logical overlay to the underlying optical layer. A na¨ive approach to accomplish this is by creating a set of unicast lightpaths that originate at the source node and terminate at a subset of the destination nodes of the manycast request. We refer to this as the manycasting via WDM unicast (MA-VWU) approach. However, for a large number of requests this approach leads to a poor utilization of network resources. To overcome this problem, we propose two overlay approaches: manycasting with drop at member node (MA-DAMN) and manycasting with drop at any node (MA-DAAN). In these solutions, we achieve manycasting by creating a set of lightpath routes (possibly multiple hops) in the overlay layer. We consider a dynamic traffic model and propose efficient heuristics to solve the MA-DAMN and MA-DAAN problems with a goal of minimizing the total number of wavelengths required to satisfy the requests. Our results demonstrate that both the overlay approaches reduce the wavelength consumption by approximately 33–45% over the MA-VWU approach for real-world large-scale networks1.