cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SLAC FASTBUS Snoop Module-Test Results and Support Software

The development of a diagnostic module for FASTBUS has been completed. The Snoop Module is designed to reside on a Crate Segment and provide high-speed diagnostic monitoring and testing capabilities. Final hardware details and testing of production prototype modules are reported. Features of software under development for a stand-alone single Snoop diagnostic system and Multi-Snoop networks will be discussed.
Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era

AbstractThe objective of this study is to develop a framework for dynamically downscaling spaceborne precipitation products using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). Numerical experiments have been conducted to 1) understand the sensitivity of precipitation downscaling through point-scale precipitation data assimilation and 2) investigate the impact of seasonality and associated changes in precipitation-generating mechanisms on the quality of spatiotemporal downscaling of precipitation. The point-scale experiment suggests that assimilating precipitation can significantly affect the precipitation analysis, forecast, and downscaling. Because of occasional overestimation or underestimation of small-scale summertime precipitation extremes, the numerical experiments presented here demonstrate that the wintertime assimilation produces downscaled precipitation estimates that are in closer agreement with the reference National Centers for ...
Archaeosomes as Adjuvants for Combination Vaccines

The present study evaluated the potential of archaeosomes, prepared from the total polar lipids extracted from Methanobrevibacter smithii, as adjuvants for combination (multivalent) vaccines. Groups of Balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously at day 0 and 21 with one of the following vaccines: a trivalent vaccine formulated by the simultaneous co‐encapsulation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA) and hen egg lysozyme (HEL) into archaeosomes (CEC vaccine); an univalent archaeosome vaccine (UVE vaccine) containing either BSA, OVA or HEL; or an admixture vaccine (AMC vaccine) consisting of the three UVE vaccines. Serum specific antibody (IgG + M) responses were determined at day 32, 112 and 203, and specific IgG1 and IgG2a responses were determined at day 112. Mice immunized with the CEC or AMC vaccine developed strong and sustained specific antibody responses to all three antigens at a magnitude similar to those seen in control mice immunized with UVE vaccines. Moreover, the serum BSA‐, OVA‐, and...
Protein misfolding and prion diseases

The prion diseases provide an intriguing connection between protein folding and neurodegenerative disease. In this review, I explore that importance of protein folding and misfolding in the prion diseases. Thermodynamic and kinetic models are examined in an effort to understand infectious, inherited and sporadic forms of these diseases. These concepts can be generalized to gain insight into other disorders of protein aggregation and deposition such as Alzheimer's disease.
Attitude similarity and attraction: The effects of the bogus pipeline

While attitude similarity has been found to lead to high attraction, attitude dissimilarity has generally been found to lead to only slight disliking. It was hypothesized that this asymmetry is the result of a social desirability artifact caused by subjects’ reluctance to express negative evaluations. In a 2 by 2 factorial design, subjects evaluated either a 0% or a 100% similar stranger, and attraction toward the stranger was measured by either a typical rating procedure or by a “bogus pipeline” procedure expected to minimize socially desirable responding. The expected results appeared in the case of a “liking” measure but not in the case of a “work with” measure.
The relationship between large‐scale vertical motion, highly reflective cloud, and sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific region

Vertical motion fields at 850 mbar over the tropical Pacific region are calculated from the 1963-1973 mean wind fields for 4 months of the year and for October 1972, the peak month in the 1972-1973 El Nino event. These vertical motion fields are derived using the projective separation technique, which has the unique property of separating vertical motion into components due to meridional wind convergence and zonal wind convergence. This separation permits investigation of the response of the Hadley and Walker circulations to annual and interannual variation of the sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific. The large-scale features of the computed vertical motion fields are in agreement with those of highly reflective clouds, which indicate the locations of deep convection. Examination of the annual cycle of the vertical motion and its components shows no strong variation of the Walker circulation with the east-west gradient of sea surface temperature. On the other hand, a strong correlation is found between meridional overturning in the eastern Pacific and the local equatorial sea surface temperature: during El Nino events, the eastern and central Pacific contribution to the Hadley circulation tends to increase.
Spatial signal detection in rats is differentially disrupted by Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, scopolamine, and MK-801

Abstract Cannabinoid receptors have been implicated as having important roles in human cognitive processes, especially memory and attention. While some work has studied the effects of the active ingredient in marijuana, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on short-term memory, no work has examined the involvement of these receptors in mediating attention. Therefore, the present study compared the effects of THC on the performance by rats of an operant spatial signal detection task with those of cholinergic muscarinic antagonist scopolamine and glutamatergic NMDA antagonist MK-801, both compounds known to influence attention and other cognitive processes in rats. These experiments were conducted in a two lever operant chamber in which a cue lamp was mounted over each lever. The rats were pretrained to respond rapidly on the corresponding lever following a rapid presentation of the cue lamp above it. The stimulus was presented in a random order of three durations (100, 300 or 1000 ms) to measure detectability of the stimulus under saline, THC (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg i.p.), scopolamine (0.06–0.25 mg/kg i.p.), or MK-801 (0.06–0.25 mg/kg i.p.). THC significantly and selectively disrupted stimulus detection accuracy at the 100 ms stimulus duration, but did not influence response bias or the rate of responding. Scopolamine and MK-801 both produced alteration in errors of omission and position bias. These data suggest that THC produces an impairment in visual attention and that the nature of this impairment is qualitatively different from that produced by muscarinic-receptor or NMDA-receptor antagonism.
Simple and Reproducible ELISA for C-Reactive Protein

Featured Article: Macy EM, Hayes TE, Tracy RP. Variability in the measurement of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: Implications for reference intervals and epidemiological applications. Clin Chem 1997;43:52–8.1 The purpose of the work reported in this paper was 2-fold. First, we sought to develop an immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP)2 that could quantify CRP present at low concentrations in healthy people and that had characteristics such as ease of use, high throughput, standardization, and portability. In addition, because CRP was an acute-phase reactant, we wanted to demonstrate that although it had greater biovariability than other biomarkers such as cholesterol, CRP was suitable for use in epidemiological research. Other investigators had previously worked with CRP, but our interest had its origins in a 1990 discussion I had with Lew Kuller, a colleague in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). CHS was a multicenter longitudinal epidemiology study of elderly men and women, funded by NIH. I had received NIH funding to pursue biomarkers of coagulation as possible cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A few years earlier, the …
IL-2 induces vasopressin release from the hypothalamus and the amygdala: role of nitric oxide-mediated signaling

The neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) can replace the cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) as a T-cell mitogen for the induction of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) expression in splenic cultures. IL-2-like and IL-2 receptor immunoreactivity have been reported in different brain regions, under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Regulatory functions for IL-2 in the CNS have been suggested. In addition to the spleen, AVP might also mediate some IL-2 effects centrally. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of IL-2 on the in vitro release of AVP from the hypothalamus and amygdala. In addition, we used these release systems to study the possible involvement of NO-mediated signaling in AVP release, based on the reported detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the hypothalamus and amygdala. IL-2 rapidly stimulates AVP release in both regions, in a calcium- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, nitroprusside also induces AVP release. Norepinephrine also induces AVP release from both the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala. The norepinephrine-induced AVP release is antagonized by phentolamine, but not by propranolol, suggesting an alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated AVP response in both brain regions. The IL-2- and acetylcholine-induced AVP release is antagonized by Ng-methyl-L-arginine, indicating a role for NO in this AVP release. Ng-methyl-L-arginine does not affect the norepinephrine- induced AVP release. A stimulatory effect of IL-2 on hypothalamic CRF release and plasma ACTH has already been reported. Our results suggest that in addition to CRF, AVP may also mediate the IL-2 stimulation of ACTH secretion. These data further suggest that in addition to the hypothalamus, the amygdala may also play a role in the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune systems. Understanding the mode of interaction between IL-2 with AVP could clarify the pathophysiologic or toxic effects of high brain levels of IL-2.
On intrusion detection and response for mobile ad hoc networks

We present network intrusion detection (ID) mechanisms that rely upon packet snooping to detect aberrant behavior in mobile ad hoc networks. Our extensions, which are applicable to several mobile, ad hoc routing protocols, offer two response mechanisms, passive - to singularly determine if a node is intrusive and act to protect itself from attacks, or active - to collaboratively determine if a node, is intrusive and act to protect all of the nodes of an ad hoc cluster. We have implemented our extensions using the GloMoSim simulator and detail their efficacy under a variety of operational conditions.
High-dose mannose-binding lectin therapy for Ebola virus infection.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) targets diverse microorganisms for phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis by binding specific surface glycans. Although recombinant human MBL (rhMBL) trials have focused on reconstitution therapy, safety studies have identified no barriers to its use at higher levels. Ebola viruses cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers for which no treatment exists and that are feared as potential biothreat agents. We found that mice whose rhMBL serum concentrations were increased >7fold above average human levels survived otherwise fatal Ebola virus infections and became immune to virus rechallenge. Because Ebola glycoproteins potentially model other glycosylated viruses, rhMBL may offer a novel broadspectrum antiviral approach.
Class Noise Handling for Effective Cost-Sensitive Learning by Cost-Guided Iterative Classification Filtering

Recent research in machine learning, data mining, and related areas has produced a wide variety of algorithms for cost-sensitive (CS) classification, where instead of maximizing the classification accuracy, minimizing the misclassification cost becomes the objective. These methods often assume that their input is quality data without conflict or erroneous values, or the noise impact is trivial, which is seldom the case in real-world environments. In this paper, we propose a cost-guided iterative classification filter (CICF) to identify noise for effective CS learning. Instead of putting equal weights on handling noise in all classes in existing efforts, CICF puts more emphasis on expensive classes, which makes it attractive in dealing with data sets with a large cost-ratio. Experimental results and comparative studies indicate that the existence of noise may seriously corrupt the performance of the underlying CS learners and by adopting the proposed CICF algorithm, we can significantly reduce the misclassification cost of a CS classifier in noisy environments
Effect of urokinase on disseminated intravascular coagulation

Our study evaluated the possible therapeutic effect of urokinase in treating the microthrombiotic effects of disseminated intravascular coagulation by assisting the activation of endogenous plasmin...
Quantum defect as a powerful tool for studying Rydberg transition energies with density functional theory

Quantum defect analysis is applied to time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of the Rydberg series of the He and Be atoms. The focus of the present study is on excitation energies obtained with different exchange-correlation potentials and kernels. Excitation energies are reobtained from the quantum defect values, and it is shown that these energies can be very accurately obtained from knowledge of the quantum defect alone. TDDFT results are compared within the adiabatic local density approximation for the case in which all virtual states are included in the calculation with results obtained when the number of states is truncated. Quantum defect analysis is used to demonstrate that truncation leads to serious errors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
A link between emergency dispatch and public access AEDs: Potential implications for early defibrillation

Abstract Background Public access defibrillation can improve survival but is involved in only a small fraction of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. One approach to increase involvement is to couple emergency dispatch with mapping technology to identify public access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) that are on-site or nearby. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort investigation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who received dispatch by a community dispatch center between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. The dispatch system is linked to the public access AED registry. The technology enables dispatcher alert of an on-site AED and the potential to alert for an AED within 0.1mile. We report the observed and potential frequency of AED involvement. Results Of the 763 cardiac arrest events, 4.2% (32/763) had an AED applied by non-EMS persons, 1.3% (10/763) by police and 2.9% (22/763) in layperson settings. Among the remaining 731 where an AED was not applied, 8.1% (59/731) had an AED identified through dispatch; 18 with an AED on-site and an additional 41 with an AED within 0.1mile. When restricting to ventricular fibrillation arrests, 8.9% (16/179) had an AED applied by non-EMS persons, 2.8% (5/179) by police and 6.1% (11/179) in layperson settings. Among the remaining 163 where an AED was not applied, 11.7% (19/163) had an AED identified through dispatch; 9 with an AED on-site and an additional 10 with an AED within 0.1mile. Conclusion A working link between emergency dispatch and an AED registry may provide an opportunity to improve resuscitation.
Effects of preoperative long-term glycemic control on operative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is postulated to be both a risk factor and manifestation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study evaluated the effects of preoperative glycemic control as determined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods A prospective cohort study whereby HbA1c was assessed preoperatively in 243 patients undergoing PD was performed. The primary outcome measure was operative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included individual adverse events, time to dietary resumption, and length of stay. Results Preoperative HbA1c ranged from 4.0% to 13.5%. Overall morbidity and incidence of specific adverse events were similar regardless of preoperative HbA1c. No correlation between HbA1c and length of stay, dietary resumption, or readmission was observed. Pancreatic fistula formation had a decreased incidence in patients with elevated versus normal HbA1c (2.2% vs 9.6%, P = .083). Conclusions PD can be safely performed in patients with HbA1c levels suggestive of poor long-term preoperative glycemic control. Medical efforts to optimize HbA1c should not delay resection.
The White Ibis and Wood Stork as indicators for restoration of the everglades ecosystem

Large numbers of colonially nesting herons, egrets, ibises, storks and spoonbills were one of the defining natural phenomena of the historical Everglades. Reproduction of these species has been tracked over at least a century, and some clear responses to dramatic anthropogenic hydrological alterations have been established. These include a marked decline in nesting populations of several species, and a movement of colonies away from the overdrained estuarine region. Ponding in a large portion of the freshwater marsh has favored species that hunt by sight in deep water (egrets, cf. 25‐45 cm), while tactile feeders (ibises and storks) that depend on concentrated prey in shallow water (5‐25 cm) have become proportionately much less common. There has been a marked increase in the interval between exceptionally large breeding aggregations of White Ibises (Eudocimus albus). Loss of short hydroperiod wetlands on the margins of the Everglades have delayed nest initiations 1‐2 months by Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) resulting in poor nesting success. These responses are consistent with mechanisms that involve foraging, and the availability and production of prey animals, and each of the relationships is highly dependent on hydrology. Here, we define a group of characteristics about wading bird dynamics (= indicators) that collectively track the specific ecological relationships that supported ibises and storks in the past. We suggest four metrics as indicators of restoration success: timing of nesting by storks, the ratio of nesting ibises + storks to Great Egrets, the proportion of all nests located in the estuarine/freshwater ecotone, and the interval between years with exceptionally largeibisnestings. Eachofthese metricshashistorical(e.g., predrainage) dataupon whichto base expectations for restoration, and the metrics have little measurement error relative to the large annual variation in numbers of nests. In addition to the strong scientific basis for the use of these indicators, wading birds are also a powerful tool for public communication because they have strong aesthetic appeal, and their ecological relationships with water are intuitively understandable. In the interests of communicating with the public and decisionmakers, we integrate these metrics into a single-page annual ‘‘traffic-light’’ report card for wading bird responses. Collectively, we believe these metrics offer an excellent chance of detecting restoration of the ecosystem functions that supported historical wading bird nesting patterns.
A simplified methylcoenzyme M methylreductase assay with artificial electron donors and different preparations of component C from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H.

Different preparations of the methylreductase were tested in a simplified methylcoenzyme M methylreductase assay with artificial electron donors under a nitrogen atmosphere. ATP and Mg2+ stimulated the reaction. Tris(2,29-bipyridine)ruthenium (II), chromous chloride, chromous acetate, titanium III citrate, 2,8-diaminoacridine, formamidinesulfinic acid, cob(I)alamin (B12s), and dithiothreitol were tested as electron donors; the most effective donor was titanium III citrate. Methylreductase (component C) was prepared by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, Mono Q column chromatography, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, or tetrahydromethanopterin affinity column chromatography. Methylreductase preparations which were able to catalyze methanogenesis in the simplified reaction mixture contained contaminating proteins. Homogeneous component C obtained from a tetrahydromethanopterin affinity column was not active in the simplified assay but was active in a methylreductase assay that contained additional protein components. Images
Minimal Surfaces for Stereo

Determining shape from stereo has often been posed as a global minimization problem. Once formulated, the minimization problems are then solved with a variety of algorithmic approaches. These approaches include techniques such as dynamic programming min-cut and alpha-expansion. In this paper we show how an algorithmic technique that constructs a discrete spatial minimal cost surface can be brought to bear on stereo global minimization problems. This problem can then be reduced to a single min-cut problem. We use this approach to solve a new global minimization problem that naturally arises when solving for three-camera (trinocular) stereo. Our formulation treats the three cameras symmetrically, while imposing a natural occlusion cost and uniqueness constraint.
Slurring Words 1

Increasingly philosophers (and linguists) are turning their attention to slurs— a lexical category not much explored in the past. These are expressions that target groups on the basis of race (‘nigger’), nationality (‘kraut’), religion (‘kike’), gender (‘bitch’), sexual orientation (‘fag’), immigrant status (‘wetback’) and sundry other demographics. Slurs of a racial and ethnic variety have become particularly important not only for the sake of theorizing about their linguistic distribution adequately but also for the implications their usage has on other well-worn areas of interest. In “Reference, Inference, and The Semantics of Pejoratives,” Timothy Williamson discusses the merits of Inferentialism by looking at Dummett’s treatment of the slur ‘boche.’ Mark Richard attempts to show that, contrary to a commitment to minimalism about truth, one is not conceptually confused in holding that slurring statements are not truth-apt discursive discourses, i.e. statements that are neither true nor false, but still represent the world to be a certain way. Others, like David Kaplan, argue that slurs force us to expand our very conception of meaning. Slurs also rub up against various other issues like descriptivism versus expressivism as well as the semantic/pragmatic divide (cf. Potts). Slurs’ effects on these issues make it difficult to ignore them and still give an adequate theory of language. In this paper, we will be particularly interested in the potential slurs carry to offend. Though xenophobes are not offended by slurs, others are—with some slurs more offensive than others. 2 Calling an Asian businessman ‘suit’ will not rouse the same reaction as calling him ‘chink’. Even co-extensive slurs vary in intensity of contempt. Christopher Darden once branded ‘nigger’ the
Flicker noise in thin film fully depleted SOI MOSFETs

The low-frequency noise behavior in both the linear and saturation regimes of operation for fully depleted (FD) thin film SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFETs is presented and compared to the noise of partially depleted (PD) thin film MOSFETs. Noise measurements were performed on n/sup +/ polysilicon gate n-channel transistors fabricated on SIMOX substrates with a buried oxide thickness of 3500 AA. In the linear region, the FD transistor was found to exhibit a dependence on the front gate voltage whereas in the saturation region the noise was found to be independent of gate bias. The PD device, on the other hand, exhibited noise characteristics which were independent of gate bias in both regimes of operation. The linear region noise characteristics of the FD MOSFET exhibited a dependence on the front and back gate bias due to the increase of the front surface electric field and a corresponding increase in the fraction of inversion charge at the surface. >
Isospin Diffusion and the Nuclear Symmetry Energy in Heavy Ion Reactions

Using symmetric 112Sn+112Sn, 124Sn+124Sn collisions as references, we probe isospin diffusion in peripheral asymmetric 112Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn systems at an incident energy of E/A=50 MeV. Isoscaling analyses imply that the quasiprojectile and quasitarget in these collisions do not achieve isospin equilibrium, permitting an assessment of isospin transport rates. We find that comparisons between isospin sensitive experimental and theoretical observables, using suitably chosen scaled ratios, permit investigation of the density dependence of the asymmetry term of the nuclear equation of state.
Effects of cadmium on plasma catecholamines in the american eel anguilla rostrata

Abstract The impact of up to 16 weeks' exposure to environmentally realistic low and high concentrations of cadmium (75 and 150 μg1/1, respectively) on the plasma catecholamines was studied in the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. After 8 and 16 weeks of exposure to 150 μg/1 of Cd, the baseline concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were below control levels. The changes were less consistent in the eels exposed to the lower dose. Exposure to the high Cd concentration impaired the initial response of plasma DA to mild short-term stress (1 min exposure to CO2 bubbles), but did not have a clear impact on the stress response of NE and E. It is concluded that long-term exposure to 150 μg/1 of Cd interferes directly or indirectly with the release of CAs from the adrenomedullary equivalent of the American eel.
The engineering communication portfolio: writing, reflection, and technical communication assessment

By the terms of the ABET 2000 criteria for engineering students' learning, students must demonstrate the "ability to communicate effectively," one method for collecting data on students, ABET suggests, is a portfolio. At first glance, assessing student learning outcomes in communication effectiveness would seem an easy task. For some engineering departments, good communication is defined by the department writing manual and can be assessed by counting up the number of grammatical efforts in a document Effective assessment of effective communication, however, must identify exactly what constitutes communication (beyond good grammar and correct spelling) and evaluate communication authentically. For these reasons, portfolios offer important advantages for those whose responsibility is to assess engineering communication. This paper analyzes the difference between individual student assessment and program assessment, demonstrating the ways in which portfolios can offer important information for outcomes assessment at both levels. The presentation discusses the basic principles of portfolio administration, such as portfolio design/format and portfolio set up, and then discuss ways in which portfolio objectives, including evaluation rubrics, may be developed. Special emphasis is placed on communicating portfolio objectives to students and the efficacy of reflective statements as a way to make the portfolio rating process more efficient. The end result of portfolio assessment is a clearer picture of students' communication skills and valuable feedback for students and professors.
Fearful Reformers: The Institutionalization of the Christian Right in American Politics.

This research article analyzes the ways that the Christian right uses fear as an instrument in the politics of education. The main source of data for this analysis draws from source-protected inter...
Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History

This article aims to consider the robust field of environmental history as a whole, as it stands and as it has developed over the past twenty-five years around the world. It necessarily adopts a selective approach but still offers more breadth than depth. It treats the links between environmental history and other fields within history, and with other related disciplines such as geography. It considers the precursors of environmental history, its emergence since the 1970s, its condition in several settings and historiographies. Finally it touches on environmental history's relationship to social theory and to the natural sciences as they have evolved in recent decades. It concludes that while there remains plenty of interesting work yet to do, environmental history has successfully established itself as a legitimate field within the historical profession, and has a bright future, if perhaps for discouraging reasons.
Role of the FDA in Affordability of Off-Patent Pharmaceuticals

This Viewpoint maintains that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should have a more active role in the approval and marketing of off-patent pharmaceutical products.
Personality Development in Childhood

To understand personality development in childhood, first we must define personality, and then discuss how the definition is typically translated into research. Next, we consider four major ways of describing the raw materials of personality and how they are changed over time. Then we discuss outcomes of research on personality development in children. Personality is concerned with the accommodations and compromises each individual must make among the competing demands of these differences. The adjustment processes occur over time, and involve genetics, maturation, and learning. In this light, personality development in childhood can be seen as one segment in a life-long process that leads to the formation of a stable adult personality structure. Recent research from a seven-culture study is used to illustrate possible links between childhood temperament and adult personality structure, with special attention to the Big Five approach to personality. Promising lines for future research are noted.
GIS-based mapping of archaeological sites with low-altitude aerial photography and structure from Motion: A case study from Southern Jordan

Structure from Motion (SfM) is one of the trendiest techniques in archaeology today. Archaeologists across the world are increasingly applying techniques of digital photogrammetry to record archaeological sites in three-dimensions, often for the sake of documenting active excavations or for acquiring a new perspective on sites. This paper describes one such recording campaign, conducted as part of the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP) in southern Jordan, under the direction of T.E. Levy and M. Najjar. ELRAP team members recorded the Iron Age copper production site of Khirbat al-Jariya with low-altitude balloon photography for the purpose of SfM modeling and production of 2D GIS data. This data served as an excellent basis for comprehensive site mapping, substantially improving on the results of previous, traditionally-conducted mapping efforts. We suggest that aerial SfM-based mapping approaches are the best method currently available for exhaustive site mapping.
Dynamic Warehouse Location Analysis

In a rapidly changing economy, warehouse location is a dynamic decision problem. Yet most existing location models used to solve the problem are static. In this article, solutions from these static...
Columbus, Georgia, Earthquakes of October 31, 1982

In the evening on October 30, 1982, the residents of Columbus, Georgia, experienced two small earthquakes. The first occurred at 11:07 PM EDT (03:07:36.72±0.4 UTC, October 31, 1982). The second event followed in about four minutes (03:12:12.24±0.4 UTC, October 31, 1982). These were the first earthquakes reported from the Columbus, Georgia, area. The mean duration magnitude of the second was m b (Dur) = 3.1. The first was 0.2 magnitude units smaller, m b (Dur) = 2.9. Numerous aftershocks were heard or felt near the epicenter. Because this behavior is typical of shallow events in the Piedmont, particularly near reservoirs, the depth was presumed to be shallow. Thirteen aftershocks were recorded on portable microearthquake seismographs and these data were used to constrain the location to 10 km north of Columbus (32°35.87′N, 84°56.73′W ± 1.0 km). A strike slip focal mechanism implying east-west compression was determined from first motion data and the ratio of P-wave to S-wave amplitudes. The fact that the fault planes were compatible with joint sets in a nearby quarry (N36°W, N40°E) and the fact that the events were presumed shallow focus, support the hypothesis that these events occurred along these shallow joints.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: A Perspective for the Medical Practitioner

AIDS is a new disease process with complications and management problems unlike anything ever seen before. An attempt has been made to summarize the available information about its various clinical presentations and how to manage them. Subjects covered will include associated malignancies, infections, transmissibility, prodromal states, and infection control issues.
Music teacher stress in the era of accountability

ABSTRACTWhile there is an established body of literature on teacher stress and on the factors that may make music teaching uniquely stressful, there has been little or no research on how the recent era of accountability influences music teacher stress. In this article, I review the literature on music teacher stress and on how accountability reforms may impact this experience of stress. I then detail the findings of an interview-based multiple case study I performed with instrumental music teachers in Michigan. I present the findings through a model of an earthquake (the accountability reforms) and its main shocks/aftershocks (the particular stressors caused or influenced by the reforms). “Main shocks” of the accountability “earthquake” included stress over changes to teacher evaluation, changes to teacher tenure, and the need for the teachers’ schools to improve their test-score-based school ratings. “Aftershocks” included intensification from increased workload, a general atmosphere of building-level st...
High-Throughput Quantitation of Busulfan in Plasma Using Ultrafast Solid-Phase Extraction Tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPE-MS/MS)

Busulfan is a commonly used antineoplastic agent to condition/ablate bone marrow cells before hematopoietic stem cell transplant. While intravenous (IV) formulations of busulfan are now available and have lower incidences of toxicity and treatment related mortality compared to oral dosing, it still displays large pharmacokinetic variability. As a result, studies have shown that therapeutic drug monitoring is clinically useful to minimize graft failure, disease reoccurrence, and toxicities like veno-occlusive disease and neurologic toxicity. Current methods for assaying busulfan include the use of GC/MS, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS. The clinical need for faster turnaround times and increased testing volumes has required laboratories to develop faster methods of analysis for higher throughput of samples. Therefore, we present a method for the quantification of busulfan in plasma using an ultrafast SPE-MS/MS which has much faster sample cycle times (<20 s per sample) and comparable analytical results to GC/MS.
Chondrosarcoma of the proximal portion of the femur treated by resection and bone replacement; a six-year result.

The case reported shows that time may leave an extremely narrow margin of safety in a presumably resectable malignant lesion. It demonstrates that the biopsy field must be regarded as part of the tumor area and that the surgeon can hardly be too generous in allowing a "safe" margin of resection. The response to the autoclaved autogenous bone graft compared favorably with that obtained with fresh autogenous bone.
Chemical Changes of Bioactive Phytochemicals during Thermal Processing

Abstract Food provides not only the essential nutrients needed for life but also other nonnutrient bioactive compounds for health promotion and disease prevention. Bioactive nonnutrient plant compounds in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods are known as phytochemicals. Many plant foods like fruits and vegetables are preferred in fresh form. However, their delicate tissue and high moisture content make them perishable and, therefore, limiting shelf life and their availability for consumption. Processing strategies can extend shelf life and increase options for intake. Thermal processing is the most widely used method for food preservation. Despite its advantages, thermal processes could affect the bioactive phytochemicals present in plants compromising optimal nutritive quality. Thermal processing may change chemical structures resulting in altered biological activity. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore commonly used thermal processing technologies and their effects on bioactive phytochemicals in food and food products.
SU‐F‐T‐591: SBRT Treatment of Multiple Extracranial Oligometastases Using a Single‐Isocenter with Distinct Optimizations (SIDO)

Purpose: A new development in linac-based intracranial radiosurgery is treatment of multiple targets using single isocenter VMAT, which dramatically reduces treatment time while maintaining high conformality and dose gradient. Our purpose is to translate this technique to extracranial SBRT of oligometastases and address additional challenges such as interplay from motion and setup uncertainties. Methods: We propose SIDO (Single Isocenter with Distinct Optimizations) planning in which all VMAT arcs share an isocenter but each arc treats only one target. Setup uncertainties from rotations and deformations are mitigated by applying a couch translation between VMAT arcs, while interplay is minimized by using dynamic conformal arcs (DCAs) as the starting point for VMAT optimization. We compared SIDO to single (VMAT) and dual (VMAT & DCA) isocenter plans for phantom and patient (N=2) cases. Dose statistics included conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI), and modulation factor (MLC opening & total MU). Finally, we determined likelihood of needing a translational shift between SIDO arcs to correct rotational uncertainties using CBCTs from eleven previous SBRT cases. Results: For phantoms with target separations of 5–15cm, CI was 0.87±0.02, 0.89±0.05, and 0.91±0.02, for SIDO, single, and dual-isocenter VMAT respectively. GI was 6.83±1.0, 7.45±1.0 and 5.94±0.7 respectively. SIDO conformity did not trend with increasing distance between PTVs, while gradient decreased for all planning techniques. Using DCAs as the starting point of VMAT optimization decreased modulation, with a 39.4% reduction in monitor units. SIDO had 4.9% and 39% less MU than single and dual-isocenter VMAT respectively. A translational shift between SIDO arcs would be required in 10–28% of cases due to rotational uncertainties to stay within a 5mm margin, for targets separated by ≥10cm. Conclusion: SIDO for extracranial oligometastases has comparable dosimetry to traditional VMAT with low modulation similar to DCAs. Future work will quantify decrease in dosimetric interplay.
Chapter 11 – Prognostic Epigenetics

Disease manifestation results from the interaction of the genome with environment stimuli in a complex interplay that ultimately affects both the structure and function of the genome. Both genetic and epigenetic changes affect the genome and are equally important players in this process and ultimately affect the disease outcomes. The past decades have seen an exponential increase in our understanding of both genetic and epigenetic events in the normal and disease states with the advent of whole genome technologies. As the cost of these whole genome technologies has diminished, there is now emerging use of biomarkers including single gene as well as multigene sets or whole arrays to accurately predict the course or the outcome of a particular disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge on both genetic and epigenetic changes in genes associated with various diseases with a special focus on cancer. Epigenetic changes should be considered in conjunction with genetic changes to be exploited in the clinics as biomarkers for prognosis.
Ages past: Ancient geology and modern preconceptions

In many accounts of the history of the earth sciences, geology is identified as beginning in the seventeenth century against a backdrop of religious superstition and ignorance. A leading figure in those histories was James Hutton (1726–1797) who is credited with formulating the idea of ‘deep time’ based on his own observations of the rock cycle punctuated by unconformities. In his writings, and in many later history accounts, the contributions of classical thinkers are largely ignored. Although several contemporary historians of geoscience have commented already on the modernity of classical thinkers, the purpose of this paper is to document that classical awareness of deep time was more pervasive than is generally acknowledged. This paper argues that geology was, all told, one of the most advanced sciences in classical antiquity and enjoys a remarkable conversance with its modern successor. Classical naturalists and philosophers made scientifically valid observations and interpretations of many geologic ...
Impaired Hemostasis Leads To Alveolar Hemorrhages and Increased Mortality In Influenza A Infection

Abstract Objective Viral infections lead to activation of coagulation which enhances inflammatory responses. For instance, influenza A is associated with activation of coagulation and the increased risk for thrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction. Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) is the main functional receptor on mouse platelets. Here, we investigated the role of tissue factor (TF) and platelets in influenza A infection in mice. Methods We used male LowTF mice, which express 1% of normal TF levels, PAR-4 deficient mice and respective control mice. All mice were infected intranasal with influenza A H1N1/PR8. Changes in body weights and survival were analyzed up to 14 days after infection. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected and analyzed 7 days after virus challenge. Results LowTF mice exhibited increased loss of body weights compared to littermate control mice between day 4 and 6 after infection (P Download : Download high-res image (62KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions TF mediated activation of coagulation and PAR-4 dependent platelet activation are essential for pulmonary hemostasis during influenza A infection. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abstract 5513: Employing a unique panel of breast cancer cellular lipids extracts in the development of a novel nanoliposome drug platform

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variant pathological features, disparate responses to therapeutics, and substantial differences in patient's long-term survival. The use of drug delivery systems such as liposomes can favorably alter the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile of commonly used drugs used to treat breast cancer disease. An important feature of a drug delivery system is its ability to recognize and selectively target tumor cells with relatively high affinity when compared to healthy tissues. For this reason, the goal of this study was to develop a novel nanoliposome system that would target tumor cells to a significantly greater extent when compared to more conventional liposome systems. In this study, natural lipids extracted directly from breast cancer cells were used to prepare cellular lipid-extracted nanoliposomes (CLENs). The rationale is that an array of different lipids with a unique composition profile would represent a more relevant source of lipid material when compared to more traditional methods of liposome preparation. We therefore investigated whether the inclusion of extracted lipids derived from breast cancer cells would improve the selective uptake of liposomes by breast cancer cells, and related formulation features. To achieve these goals, three breast cancer cell lines were used (4T1, BT-20, and SK-BR-3), a normal breast fibroblast (CRL-2089), and an ovarian cancer cell line (SK-OV-3- used as a negative control). The size of CLENs fell within the size range of 120- 203 nm and possessed a negatively-charged liposome surface charge potential (ranging between -10.97 and -20.97 mV). The nanoliposomes were also non-toxic to cells within the concentration range evaluated (up to 1μmol). Furthermore, without exception, the cellular uptake of CLENs was greatest when the extracted material used to prepare CLENs was the same as the target cell from which the lipids were extracted. In addition, when the breast cancer cell lines (4T1, SK-BR-3 and BT-20) were used to prepare CLENs, SK-OV-3 and CRL-2089 cell lines took up CLENs to a lesser extent, suggesting a more selective and differential cellular uptake. In conclusion, the novel nanoliposome platform represents a promising drug delivery alternative to more conventional nano drug delivery systems. Additional formulation studies are currently underway. Citation Format: Hanan M. Alharbi, Robert B. Campbell. Employing a unique panel of breast cancer cellular lipids extracts in the development of a novel nanoliposome drug platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5513