cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipoxygenase: a molecular complex with a non-heme iron

Abstract Lipoxygenases are enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. One molecule of the complex lipoxygenase-3 (L3) contains one atom of iron per enzyme (approx, 95 kDa). The iron cofactor is neither coordinated by porphyrins (heme moiety, as in hemoglobin), nor surrounded by a cluster of sulfur atoms. The enzyme could be described as an elaborate coordination complex that serves as a catalyst in a typical redox process involving an iron cation wrapped in its “host” enzyme, molecular oxygen, and a substrate that undergoes peroxygenation to an organic peroxide. The structure of soybean lipoxygenase L3 has been solved and refined to a discrepancy factor R = 23%, for 2.6 A resolution data and 805 residues out of 857. The iron cation is buried inside the protein molecule. The active site shows three oxygen atoms and three nigrogen atoms as possible iron ligands in a pseudo- C 3v configuration, with nitrogen atoms grouped together at one side and oxygen atoms gathered at the opposite end of the pseudo-3-fold axis.
Dissymmetrical Electrical Conducting Networks

IT is well known that a symmetrical T-connection of three simple impedances a o, o b, and o q, Fig. 1, in which the two arms a o, and b o are electrically equal, and with their common terminal o connected to the ground or return conductor g h through the impedance o q, can be completely replaced,∗ at any single assigned alternating-current frequency, by a certain symmetrical π, a′ b′ g′ h′, Fig. 2, in which the two pillars a′ g′ and b′ h′, have equal impedances; also that either of these two symmetrical systems can be completely replaced, at the same frequency,† by a single smooth line conductor a″ b″, Fig. 3, having uniformly distributed series impedance in its conductor and also uniformly distributed lateral leak admittance between the conductor and the return conductor g″ h″. Such a line conductor may be regarded as subtending or possessing, at the frequency in question, a certain complex hyperbolic angle θ, and also a certain single surge impedance or “characteristic impedance,” z 0 ohms. Consequently, both the symmetrical T conducting system of Fig. 1, and the symmetrical π of Fig. 2, may be regarded as possessing the same complex angle θ and surge impedance z 0 , by virtue of equivalence. In any network of conductors, carrying alternating currents of the assigned frequency in the steady state, any of the three equivalent systems of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 may be interchanged, without disturbing the distributions of potential, current and power, at and outside the terminals of the system.
Final report on the University of California-San Francisco experience with bromodeoxyuridine labeling index as a prognostic factor for the survival of glioma patients.

BACKGROUND At the University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), a labeling index (LI) based on in vivo administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) was routinely determined in tumors from patients with infiltrating gliomas for the 10-year period, 1984–1994. Considered an indicator of tumor proliferative potential, it was anticipated that the BUdR LI would aid in determining patient prognosis. The data have now matured, and a final report on the extensive UCSF experience is appropriate. METHODS Patients were grouped separately based on tumor grade and whether LI was determined at the time of primary diagnosis or at recurrence. To assure data quality and consistent follow-up, only adult patients entered on clinical trials were included. Patients with primary Grade 2 gliomas could not be included because most of these patients did not enter clinical trials. Each patient LI was categorized as low (lowest quartile), moderate (between the 25th and 75th percentiles), or high (highest quartile). Statistical analyses included log rank and multivariate proportional hazards models. RESULTS One hundred ninety patients with primary tumors (69 Grade 3, 121 Grade 4) and 149 patients with recurrent tumors (24 Grade 2, 37 Grade 3, and 88 Grade 4) were included. LI score was predictive of survival (P ≤ 0.02 for univariate or multivariate analyses) in all but the primary Grade 4 patients. For that group, it was a significant predictor (P = 0.03) only among those surviving ≥1.5 years. CONCLUSIONS BUdR LI improved the predictability of long term patient outcome both initially and at the time of recurrence. Further research on measures of tumor proliferative potential as markers of outcome is warranted. Cancer 1999;85:925–35. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Age-related changes in flavor perception.

Three groups of subjects, aged 18–25 years (Young), 36–45 years (Middle) and 56–65 years (Old) judged the similarity of pairs of pureed fruits and vegetables and rated the purees on 10 attribute scales. Multidimensional scaling of the similarity judgments produced four-dimensional solutions for each age group. Dimensions associated with tactile and texture attributes were found for each group. An hedonic dimension was indicated for Young and Middle groups, but sweetness ratings correlated with that dimension only for the Young group. Intensity was an important dimension for the Old group only. In general, the Young rated all the foods as having a more bitter flavor and sharper character than did the older ones. As a control, subjects also rated the similarities of foods by names only. Analysis of this scaling showed no age differences.
Intercandidate agenda-setting in presidential elections: Issue and attribute agendas in the 2004 campaign

Abstract This study examined the role of political public relations in the process of intercandidate agenda-setting. Specifically, a content analysis of news releases, political speeches, and issue platform statements was conducted to assess the salience of issues and attributes in the 2004 presidential election from the Bush, Kerry, and Nader campaigns. While modest evidence for intercandidate agenda-setting associations regarding issue salience was obtained, more robust support was detected for attribute salience relationships. In light of these findings, the theoretical and practical implications for political public relations are discussed.
Relationship of lower urinary tract signs to seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus in cats.

A group of 41 cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease was compared to a group of 41 cats without any history of disease for prevalence of seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The group of healthy cats was similar in age and gender to the group of cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease. Three of the cats with lower urinary tract disease and one control cat were seropositive for FIV. This difference was not statistically significant. The most common cause of lower urinary tract signs was idiopathic. Only 7 cats had urinary tract infection, most associated with perineal urethrostomy or catheterization. Six of the cats with bacterial urinary tract infections were FIV negative. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:34–38. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
The role of the Gla domain in the activation of bovine coagulation factor X by the snake venom protein XCP

The activation by XCP of coagulation factor X and a factor X species lacking the Gla-domain was studied in the presence and absence of Ca2+. Both proteins could be activated at low rates in the absence of Ca2+. The activation of the unmodified factor X was stimulated by the addition of Ca2+, whereas GD factor X activation was insensitive to Ca2+. The stimulatory effect of Ca2+ seen with the unmodified factor X correlated strongly with a calcium-dependent change in intrinsic protein fluorescence. This conformational change required the Gla-domain as the fluorescence emission of GD factor X was the same with or without Ca2+. Fluorescence changes which accompanied activation were the same for both factor X and GD factor X. This suggests that the Gla-domain does not participate in the structural changes which accompany activation.
New Model for Variable Speed Limits

Traffic flow models play an irreplaceable role in the design and evaluation of variable speed limit (VSL) controllers. All existing models for incorporating VSL effects are based on modifications of the steady-state fundamental diagram. A new model is proposed: it is derived from driver behaviors with VSL control. The proposed model is validated with simulated data from VISSIM microscopic models and is compared with an existing macroscopic model modified to account for VSL. The proposed model is shown to have more accurate descriptions of the transient effects of VSL than the existing model, which takes into account only the steady-state effects of speed control inputs.
Low-dose weekly paclitaxel for recurrent or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Many patients with recurrent, intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) may not respond to or are not candidates for aggressive salvage chemotherapy. Effective, less toxic regimens are needed. Although high-dose taxanes have not been reported to be very effective for the treatment of lymphoma, different delivery rates may allow for different mechanisms of action to be manifest and result in a different toxicity profile and response rate. The current study tested this hypothesis by using low-dose, weekly paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or refractory NHL. METHODS Adults age > 18 years with refractory or recurrent, aggressive NHL who were not considered curable with standard high-dose therapy received paclitaxel at a dose of 80 mg/m2 weekly for 5 weeks for 2 cycles. RESULTS Thirty-four patients with refractory NHL and 4 patients with recurrent disease were treated. Approximately 45% of the patients had achieved a prior disease remission. The median number of prior regimens received was 3, 74% of the patients had an International Prognostic Index of ≥ 3 at the time of study entry, and 29% had failed high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic support. Only one patient encountered severe toxicity (sepsis). Myelosuppression was reported to occur in approximately 20% of patients. A total of 10 patients (26%) achieved a complete disease response and 4 patients (11%) achieved a partial response. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, low-dose, weekly paclitaxel therapy was found to provide a well tolerated and less toxic approach to the treatment of refractory NHL, with encouraging responses noted in heavily pretreated patients. However, evaluation in patients with an earlier stage of disease is warranted. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Rule, Misconduct, and Dysfunction The Police Forces in Theory and Practice in Fin-de-Siècle Istanbul

Assembling the complexities and problems associated with public order and security in fin-desiecle Istanbul, Ileri’s article presents a brief institutional history of the modern police forces and provides a vivid picture of the everyday lives of police officers through interrogation reports. It engages with a series of regulations on policing not only as a site of modern state formation policies centered on the aims of development, progress, and surveillance, but also as a multifunctional space of conflicting and fragmented experiences articulated through misconduct and dysfunction of the police force between 1879 and 1908.
Cholecystokinin is necessary for the expression of morphine conditioned place preference.

Abstract There is evidence that the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is important for the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. However, less is known regarding the role of CCK in drug seeking and craving. The present study investigated whether the CCK B antagonist L-365, 260 could block morphine-induced drug seeking using the conditioned place preference paradigm and whether the dopaminergic reward pathway contributes to the effect of L-365, 260 on expression of morphine place preference. We found that systemic administration of the CCK B antagonist L-365, 260 attenuates the expression of morphine-induced drug seeking as assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) and shows that this effect is mediated by CCK B receptors in the anterior nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Additionally, we demonstrate that this effect is dependent on D 2 receptor activation in the anterior nucleus accumbens (NAcc). These results indicate that endogenous CCK modulates the incentive-salience of morphine-associated cues and suggest that CCK antagonists may be useful in the treatment of drug craving.
COMPLIANT IN A MOMENT: A COMMENTARY ON NEVIN

Nevin's scholarly and timely discussion attempts to maintain the precarious union of the experimentally derived theory of behavioral momentum with applications of the behavioral momentum construct to human subjects in applied settings. Nevin's discussion adds much-needed clarification to a process that at times has proven to be awkward for applied researchers. In this commentary, we will address three general questions: (a) Can the applications of behavioral momentum be derived from the theory as conceptualized by Nevin? (b) Could those applications have been developed had the theory not been formulated? (c) Does behavioral momentum theory add significantly to the compliance literature?
Dynamics of Plane Stellar Systems

The evolution of initially balanced rotating disks of stars is investigated with a computer model for isolated disks of stars. An isolated, initially cold balanced disk is found to be violently unstable. Adding a sufficient amount of velocity dispersion will stabilize all small-scale disturbances. However, the disks are still unstable against slowly growing long wave-length modes and after about two rotations most disks tend to assume a bar-shaped structure. It is found that the final mass distribution over most of the disk can be closely approximated by an exponential variation, irrespective of the initial mass distribution. The gravitational two-stream instability is investigated by means of a modified computer model for infinite doubly periodic stellar systems.
Host Plant Phenology Affects Performance of an Invasive Weevil, Phyllobius oblongus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in a Northern Hardwood Forest

We investigated how host plant phenology and plant species affected longevity, reproduction, and feeding behavior of an invasive weevil. Phyllobius oblongus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is common in northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. Adults emerge in spring, feed on foliage of woody understory plants, and oviposit in the soil. Preliminary data indicate that adults often feed on sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall, foliage early in the season, then feed on other species such as raspberry, Rubus spp. Whether this behavior reflects temporal changes in the quality of A. saccharum tissue or merely subsequent availability of later-season plants is unknown. We tested adult P. oblongus in laboratory assays using young (newly flushed) sugar maple foliage, old (2-3 wk postflush) sugar maple foliage, and raspberry foliage. Raspberry has indeterminate growth, thus always has young foliage available for herbivores. Survival, oviposition, and leaf consumption were recorded. In performance assays under no-choice conditions, mated pairs were provided one type of host foliage for the duration of their lives. In behavioral choice tests, all three host plants were provided simultaneously and leaf area consumption was compared. Adults survived longer on and consumed greater amounts of young maple and raspberry foliage than old maple foliage. P. oblongus preferred young maple foliage to old maple foliage early in the season, however, later in the growing season weevils showed less pronounced feeding preferences. These results suggest how leaf phenology, plant species composition, and feeding plasticity in host utilization may interact to affect P. oblongus population dynamics.
Two-position supine/prone myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) imaging improves visual inter-observer correlation and agreement

We aimed to compare the inter-observer agreement between two experienced readers using supine vs combined supine/prone myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) in a large population. 1,181 consecutive patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing rest 201Tl/stress 99mTc-sestamibi MPS studies were evaluated. Visual reads were performed in two consecutive steps, with readers scoring the stress supine perfusion images during step 1 and rescoring the images using both supine/prone data during step 2. Visual summed stress scores (SSS) of two readers including regional scores in different vascular territories were compared. The specificity for both readers improved using combined supine/prone imaging (reader 1: 92% vs 86% [P = .0002], reader 2: 88% vs 72% [P < .0001]). The inter-observer correlation for SSS (0.90 vs 0.84, P < .0001) and inter-observer agreement for combined supine/prone reading (bias = 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.2 vs bias = 3.1, 95% CI 2.8-3.4, P < .0001) were significantly better as compared to supine-only reading. The overall correlation between SSS scores for two readers improved with supine/prone imaging for both genders, as well as in the left anterior descending and right coronary territories. The inter-observer correlation and agreement significantly improve using two-position supine/prone vs supine-only imaging.
Self-control as a correlate of an Internalizing-Externalizing symptom dimension.

The construct of self-control was explored as a correlate of the Internalizing-Externalizing symptom dimension.Ss were 11–13-year-old boys including 26 Internalizers with neurotic-like behavior problems, 40 Externalizers with acting-out behavior problems, and 26 normals. Each group was equally divided on the basis of social-class status. Results of measures on delay of gratification, reflection-impuisivity, and foresight and planning indicated that the normals exhibited the greatest degree of self-control and the Externalizers the least, while the Internalizes maintained an intermediate position. Consistent social-class differences were not found, but the factor of social class did heighten the differences within the Internalizers and Externalizers.
Sharing the Wealth in the "New NHL": The Implications of Revenue Sharing for Competitive Balance, Payroll Spending, and Profits

The National Hockey League was in trouble at the end of the 2003-04 season. Not only were teams losing money, but many fans, especially in the non-traditional small-markets, were losing interest. In response, team owners and player representatives collaborated on a new collective bargaining agreement that included a brand new economic system for the League. In addition to instituting a salary cap to help small-market teams remain financially viable, the League sought to improve competitive balance by devising a complex revenue sharing system. After explaining the system in detail, this article identifies how revenue sharing will affect ownership behavior in the hockey players’ labor market, concluding that the system’s large negative effect on the marginal revenue product of small-market teams will render it ineffective at achieving its goal of a higher level of parity.
Modeling and simulation of carbon sequestration at Cranfield incorporating new physical models

Abstract Numerous experimental and field-demonstration tests have been conducted to investigate the feasibility of large-scale long-term storage of CO2 in subsurface formations and to monitor the fate of the injected gas. The Cranfield reservoir in western Mississippi is the location of an injection test and monitoring program conducted by The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology. Geological carbon sequestration involves injecting CO2 into subsurface formations and storing it using several chemical, physical, and geological mechanisms. CO2 behavior in the subsurface results from the interplay of multiphase flow, fluid-phase behavior, relative permeability, wettability, and gravity. This paper presents findings of a research numerical simulator for modeling CO2 injection at Cranfield. Simulations focusing on a future postinjection period were carried out with sensitivities to uncertain parameters, i.e., relative permeability and its variations due to interfacial tension and buoyancy. Numerical results were consistent with bottom-hole injection flowing pressure for the first 350 days prior to the rate increase and also observed-CO2 breakthrough time at the first observation well. Results also illustrate the importance of using accurate trapping models to predict CO2 immobilization behavior. The impact of CO2/brine relative-permeability curves and trapping model on bottom-hole injection pressure was also demonstrated.
Applied issues in the construction and expert assessment of photo lineups.

Issues surrounding lineup fairness have been explored scientifically for over two decades. The present study investigates the applied/external validity of this line of research. First, several factors leading to bias in the construction of photo lineups are examined, and results of a preliminary survey on current law-enforcement practices are presented. Several statistics that have been developed to assess the fairness of lineups are reviewed and the application of these techniques to lineups used in 18 criminal cases is discussed, including the mixed agreement that sometimes occurs between estimates. Finally, we address the usefulness of lineup fairness assessment for expert testimony in the courtroom, and the dilemma that may be faced by the expert witness who is asked to testify by the defence. It is suggested that a useful and empirically justified index of overall lineup fairness can be created by combining a single estimate of bias (Functional Size) and a single estimate of lineup size (Effective Size) into a four-point index. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chlordecone-induced potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity: A light and electron microscopic study

Abstract Previous studies have shown that a chlorinated pesticide, chlordecone (Kepone), greatly potentiates carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) hepatotoxicity and lethality (Curtis, L. R., Williams, W. L., and Mehendale, H. M. (1979). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 51, 283–293; Curtis, L. R., and Mehendale, H. M. (1980). Drug Metab. Dispos. 8 , 23–27). The present study describes sequential morphologic changes which occurred in livers of rats given a “nontoxic” level of chlordecone (10 ppm for 15 days) followed by a single injection of CCl 4 (0.1 ml/kg). The hepatic alterations were examined 1 to 36 hr after exposure of the rats to CCl 4 . Those changes were compared to hepatic alterations which occurred in rats that received the same dose of chlordecone (10 ppm for 15 days) or a single injection of CCl 4 (0.1 ml/kg) alone. The only change noted in livers from rats that received chlordecone alone was focal increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of hepatocytes at 24 hr and continuing throughout the time course of the experiment. Livers from animals that received CCl 4 alone showed morphologic changes at 6 hr consisting of glycogen loss, increase in SER, and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in pericentral hepatocytes. Accumulation of small lipid droplets was also noted in midzonal hepatocytes. After 6 hr, there was no further increase in severity of injury. At 12 hr recovery was noticeable and, by 36 hr, livers from the CCl 4 group appeared normal. Prior administration of chlordecone greatly potentiated pathologic changes in livers of animals that received CCl 4 . By 4 hr, there was total loss of glycogen in hepatocytes throughout the entire lobule. Small lipid droplets were present in pericentral, midzonal and periportal hepatocytes. Hepatocytes with extremely dilated RER were randomly scattered throughout the entire lobule. At 6 hr, there was further accumulation of lipid in the form of large droplets in hepatocytes. Focal, necrotic cells surrounded by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were randomly distributed throughout the lobule. The number of necrotic foci had progressively increased at the 12- and 24-hr intervals. By 36 hr, confluent areas of necrosis in pericentral and midzonal areas were observed in livers of some animals. This study indicates that although the combination of chlordecone and CCl 4 produces much greater hepatic injury resembling damage due to a massive dose of CCl 4 , histologically, some differences in the progression and distribution of hepatocellular damage within the lobular architecture of the liver are evident.
Forces for Good: The Six Practices of High-impact Nonprofits by Leslie R. Crutchfield and Heather McLeod Grant

What enables successful nonprofit organizations to have a high level of impact? This is the critical question that the authors of Forces for Good: The Six Practices of High-Impact Nonprofits set ou...
Digital Scholarship, Economics, and the American Literary Canon

This article explores the nature of the newly emerging digital canon of American literature, a canon that is developing partly by design and partly by chance. Whether in mass-digitization projects or in electronic scholarly editing, there is a strong predominance of electronic projects devoted to the study of literatures and cultures from the nineteenth century or earlier (copyright restrictions limit work on later periods). In addition, though some of the material needed for American literary study is publicly accessible, a significant amount of material is available only via subscription. Yet only some libraries can afford electronic access and only some users have university affiliations – thus the availability of information is limited significantly. Problems are especially acute for independent scholars and those at smaller or under-funded institutions who often lack access to fee-based resources. Ventures like Google Book Search admirably make massive numbers of books widely available to readers, but such projects lack the structures useful for advanced work. When scholars attempt to create a digital scholarly edition (sometimes called an ‘archive’ or a ‘digital thematic research collection’), and insist on rigor and a full critical apparatus, we trade Google's equalizing treatment of texts for a highly specialized and inevitably expensive treatment of a limited number of texts.
Molecular structures of neopentane and di-tert-butylmethane by vapor-phase electron diffraction

Abstract Although the present molecules are much less strained than the tri-t-butyl member of the series CH n (t-Bu) 4–n studied previously, di-t-butylmethane nevertheless exhibits striking steric deformations due to its pair of inescapable GG' conformations. The two adjacent t-butyl groups respond to the steric stress by undergoing torsional displacements of 15 ± 6° (3σ), by tilting away from each other by 3–5°, and by opening up the central CCC bond angle to 125–128° (parameter value sensitive to assumptions in analysis). Carbon-carbon bonds, with mean lengths of 1.545 ± 0.005A, are stretched on the average by about 0.008Afrom the neopentane reference value. Derived molecular parameters are in substantial agreement with values calculated by molecular mechanics using model fields MUB-1 and MUB-2. The methylene 13 C-H nmr coupling constant was found to be 125 Hz, a value indistinguishable from those reported for unstrained alkanes but not in accord with predictions from the formulas of Foote or Mislow for severely distorted methylene groups. Molecular parameters for neopentane included r g (C-C) = 1.534 ± 0.003A, r g (C-H) = 1.114 ± 0.008Aand ∠CCH = 112 ± 3°. The new value for the C-C bond satisfactorily resolves a discrepancy between previously reported bond lengths. These had disagreed significantly with each other but, to within their uncertainties, they are consistent with the new, intermediate value. Amplitudes of vibration were determined for both neopentane and di-t-butylmethane.
Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Three American Indian Populations Aged 45-74 Years: The Strong Heart Study

OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence rates of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in three American Indian populations, using standardized diagnostic criteria, and to assess the association of diabetes with the following selected possible risk factors: age, obesity, family history of diabetes, and amount of Indian ancestry. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved enrolled members, men and women aged 45-74 years, of 13 American Indian tribes or communities in Arizona, Oklahoma, and South and North Dakota. Eligible participants were invited to the clinic for a personal interview and a physical examination. Diabetes and IGT status were defined by the World Health Organization criteria and were based on fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test results. Data on age, family history of diabetes, and amount of Indian ancestry were obtained from the personal interview, and measures of obesity included body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS A total of 4,549 eligible participants were examined, and diabetes status was determined for4,304(1,446 in Arizona, 1,449 in Oklahoma, and 1,409 in the Dakotas). In all three centers, diabetes was more prevalent in women than in men. Arizona had the highest age-adjusted rates of diabetes: 65% in men and 72% in women. Diabetes rates in Oklahoma (38% in men and 42% in women) and South and North Dakota (33% in men and 40% in women), although considerably lower than in Arizona, were several times higher than those reported for the U.S. population. Rates of IGT among the three populations (14-17%) were similar to those in the U.S. population. Diabetes rates were positively associated with age, level of obesity, amount of Indian ancestry, and parental diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is found in epidemic proportions in Native American populations. Prevention programs and periodic screening should be implemented among American Indians. Standards of care and intervention have been developed by the Indian Health Service for individuals in whom diabetes is diagnosed. These programs shoula be expanded to include those with IGT to improve glycemie control or to reduce the risk of development of diabetes as well as to reduce the risk of diabetic complications.
Abruptly attenuated terminal ictal pattern in pediatrics.

Purpose: We examined the ictal discharges at the end of pediatric seizures and categorized the various patterns. One particular pattern, termed “abruptly attenuated termination” was studied in detail. Methods: Ictal segments captured on video-EEG monitoring during a 26-month interval were analyzed for a variety of ictal termination patterns, including one that we rigorously defined as abruptly attenuated termination pattern (AAT). We studied the associations between AAT and the other ictal EEG and clinical features. Results: AAT was noted in 16 of 200 (8%) pediatric seizures. All 16 were immediately preceded by repetitive spikes or spike-waves. The presence of AAT also correlated with ictal spread pattern, initial ictal pattern, laterality of onset, seizure duration, age, and epilepsy etiology. AAT is more often noted in children older than 6 months and in children with idiopathic or cryptogenic forms of epilepsy. Conclusions: The minority of pediatric seizures recorded in a tertiary epilepsy monitoring unit end with diffuse, synchronized abrupt attenuation. AAT probably is the result of an active process that is developmentally related. It appears to require some degree of mature and intact neurophysiology and may involve the thalamocortical circuit.
Neural activation during sexual and competitive arousal in healthy men

To investigate the mediating neuroanatomy of positively valenced arousal, we used script-driven imagery in conjunction with positron emission tomography to measure relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during sexual and competitive arousal, as well as neutral comparison states. Subjects were eight healthy right-handed men. Psychophysiologic responses and subjective ratings confirmed that the desired state manipulations were achieved. Statistical parametric mapping revealed similar patterns of rCBF changes for both positively valenced arousal conditions: increases were found within anterior cingulate and anterior temporal cortex as well as the ventral globus pallidus; decreases were found within widespread heteromodal association areas. These results complement findings from studies of other normal and pathological emotional states, and provide new insights regarding the neural substrates of pleasurable arousal in healthy men.
Does homosexual activity shorten life

Previous estimates from obituaries and pre-1994 sex surveys suggested that the median age of death for homosexuals is less than 50 yr. Four contemporary databases were used to test that estimate: (1) obituaries in the homosexual press from 1993 through 1997 reflected treatment success for those with AIDS but suggested a median age of death less than 50 years; (2) two large random sexuality surveys in 1994--one in the USA and the other in Britain--yielded results consistent with a median age of death for homosexuals of less than 50 years; (3) the median age of those ever married in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway was about 50 years, while that of the ever homosexually partnered was about 40 yr; further, the married were about 5 times more apt to be old and 4 times less apt to be widowed young; and (4) intravenous drug abusers and homosexuals taking HIV tests in Colorado had almost identical age distributions. The four lines of evidence were consistent with previous findings suggesting that homosexual activity may be associated with a lifespan shortened by 20 to 30 years.
An RF beam sweeper for purifying in-flight produced secondary ion beams at ATLAS

Abstract A new large-acceptance RF beam sweeper was designed, constructed and put into operation with the goal to remove the energy-degraded primary beams tails from radioactive beams (RIB) produced by in-flight transfer or charge-exchange reactions. The system makes use of the velocity difference between the RIB beam of interest and the remaining tails of the primary beam after momentum selection by a bending magnet. The time-delayed primary beam components are deflected vertically out of the beam path by the RF sweeper, significantly reducing the stable beam background. Beam purity for the in-flight radioactive ion beams as high as 96% has been achieved with this system.
A novel microfabricated Pd/SiO2 model catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene

The hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene was successfully demonstrated using a microfabricated catalyst. The reaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure and 100°C with a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio of 125. Data from a thin film Pd/silica catalyst is also presented for comparison. The conversion for the microfabricated catalyst is more stable and slightly lower than that for the thin film catalyst; however, the geometric surface area of the thin film catalyst is 7.5 times greater than that of the microfabricated catalyst. The selectivity of the reaction products is greatly different between the two catalysts. The microfabricated catalyst has a much lower selectivity for 1-butene and favors the 2-butenes more so than does the thin film catalyst.
Steady state multiplicity and oscillations in passive film formation

Abstract The steady state behavior of two simple passivation models are examined by varying the functional forms of adsorption, desorption and homogeneous reaction rates in one case and surface reaction rates in the other case. Multiple steady states and oscillations can occur when a factor of exp(− βθ) is in the desorption rate. The minimum requirements of the models are anodic dissolution of a metallic ion and either subsequent homogeneous reactions or a surface reaction to form a single adsorbate that has a multiple-valued isotherm arising from the desorption functionality.
New method for estimating the extent of curing of thermosetting prepregs

Here, we propose a new method for estimating the extent of curing of thermosetting prepregs. In the proposed method, the extent of curing is estimated with the curing index (Ci), defined as the ratio of the glass-transition temperature (Tg) to the ultimate glass-transition temperature of the material. The advantages of this new method over the conventional degree of conversion (α) for estimating the extent of curing of thermosetting prepregs are discussed in detail. Ci and α of a toughened epoxy prepreg (977-2 unidirectional) were obtained for a wide range of isothermal curing temperatures with a differential scanning calorimeter. The ultimate heat of reaction varied inconsistently with decreasing curing temperature; this resulted in erratic behavior of α. However, Ci provided a more consistent estimate of the extent of curing because Tg, unlike α, did not need to be modified on the basis of the curing history of the material and was measured directly with the heat-flow data from differential scanning calorimetry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Long-term retention of internal elastomer tags in a wild population of North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)

Abstract Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags represent a viable approach for long-term tracking of North Pacific giant octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini ) in Alaska. Over a two year period, 1730 E. dofleini were tagged with individually identifiable VIE tags and 238 E. dofleini were recaptured in a 25 km 2 area. Of the 238 E. dofleini recaptured, 31 were at liberty for 60 days or more with a maximum time at liberty of 374 days. This study shows that long-term retention of VIE tags may prove to be a vital tool in determining important life-history information for octopus species.
Chemical Energy Storage System for Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS) Solar Thermal Power Plant

This paper reports the Pacific Northwest Laboratory evaluated the potential feasibility of using chemical energy storage at the Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS) power plants developed by Luz International. Like sensible or latent heat energy storage systems, chemical energy storage can be beneficially applied to solar thermal power plants to dampen the impact of cloud transients, extend the daily operating period, and/or allow a higher fraction of power production to occur during high-valued peak demand periods. Higher energy storage densities make chemical energy storage a potentially attractive option. The results of the evaluation indicated that a system based on the reversible reaction, CaO + H[sub 2]O = Ca(OH)[sub 2], could be technically and economically feasible for this application, but many technical and economic issues must be resolved.
UB association bias algorithm applied to the simulation of hydrogen fluoride

Abstract We present a method for accelerating convergence of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of associating fluids and describe its application to a model for hydrogen fluoride. The new bias scheme preferentially attempts MC trials that lead to unbonding–bonding (UB) transitions of the associating molecules. We apply the algorithm to evaluate properties of the Cournoyer–Jorgensen model of hydrogen fluoride (HF). Superheated vapor properties are calculated from NPT MC simulations over the temperature range of 295.25–318.75 K. Heat capacities and vapor densities are shown. The Gibbs Ensemble technique with UB biasing was used to calculate vapor–liquid coexistence properties over temperatures ranging from 250 to 350 K. Heat of vaporization, coexistence densities and vapor pressures are reported. Simulations performed with no biasing disagree significantly from the UB algorithm data and the new simulations differ also from MC data taken using another biasing algorithm previously developed in our group. The new results coincide better with experimental data taken from the literature for the same state conditions.
On a cracked dislocation in an anisotropic elastic medium

Abstract The solution of a cracked dislocation under uniform stress in a homogeneous anisotropic elastic medium is given. The analysis is exact within the realm of classical linear elasticity. The solution is used to deduce criteria for cleavage fracture according to some dislocation models. The results are compared with the corresponding criteria for isotropic elastic materials.
Refinement of the structure of carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin by model building and difference fourier analysis

Abstract The structure of carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin has been refined to an overall residual, ( Σ¦F 0 − F c ¦ Σ¦F 0 ¦ ), of 0.25 by a combination of model building and difference Fourier analyses. The atomic positions were allowed to vary up to 0.25 A from their idealized positions; individual temperature factors ranged from 2 to 150; and 138 solvent peaks were included in this final structure factor calculation. The effects of varying these parameters were analyzed. The treatment of low-order reflections and the influence of solvent have been analyzed in terms of Babinet's principle. These procedures and results are applicable to other protein refinement problems. The errors in co-ordinates are estimated to range from 0.15 A for the Ca2+ ions to 0.30 A for internal side chain atoms. A van der Waals' radii study indicates that 42% of the crystal volume is occupied by solvent. There are 16 intermolecular contacts. Of the 108 main chain peptide hydrogen atoms, 15 are neither in contact with solvent nor involved in hydrogen bonds. These “lost” hydrogen bonds are considered to be important to the proposed model of function.
Ultra-high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography of traumatic maculopathy.

The authors describe a patient who suffered traumatic maculopathy following blunt trauma to the eye with commotio retinae, subretinal and preretinal hemorrhage, traumatic macular hole, and outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelium disruption. Serial imaging with commercially available and ultra-high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography characterized the evolution of the injury. Language: en
RESPONSIBILITY AND RATIONAL ABILITIES: DEFENDING AN ASYMMETRICAL VIEW*

: In this paper, I defend a view according to which one is responsible for one's actions to the extent that one has the ability to do the right thing for the right reasons. The view is asymmetrical in requiring the ability to do otherwise when one acts badly or for bad reasons, but no such ability in cases in which one acts well for good ones. Despite its intuitive appeal, the view's asymmetry makes it a target of both of the main camps in the debate over responsibility. In addressing objections, I explore the relationship between fairness and responsibility, and the nature of the ability to do otherwise.
Welcome to ordinary? Marketing better boys.

During a period in 2003, a mother Google-searching for “ADHD” would have found at the top of the list an invitation to www.WelcometoOrdinary.com. If she clicked, she would have seen a green road si...
PULSE OXIMETRY-ITS RELIABILITY IN PREDICTING ARTERIAL OXYGENATION

Pulse oximeter (Nellcor 100) was used to continuously monitor (via skin surface) O2 saturation (TcSO2) in 26 neonates (GA 25-40 wks, BW 700-3500 gm) with cardiac or respiratory distress. First, we studied whether TcSO2 reading would correlate with actual measurement of arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). Simultaneous deteriminations of SaO2 by OSM3 hemoximeter (Radiometer) revealed a linear correlation of TcSO2 and SaO2 with r=0.969 (p 80 torr) of determinations. Understanding its optimal range will enhance effectiveness in clinical practice.
Serotonergic mediation of tetrahydro-β-carboline

Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of tetrahydro-β-carboline (THBC) and its vehicle in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. By steadily increasing the training dose, the discrimination was attained at 20.0 mg/kg THBC. Dose-response experiments subsequently indicated that decreasing doses of THBC produced decreased discrimination and generated an ED50=3.63 mg/kg. Administration of the serotonergically-active drug, fenfluramine, produced THBC-appropriate responding in a dose-responsive manner. In addition, LSD and yohimbine produced partial generalizations in the THBC-trained rats. These data suggest that the discriminative stimulus properties of THBC are mediated by serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system.
Molecular Imaging in Oncology

O. Schober and B. Riemann, Eds. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 2013, 415 pages, $209 Molecular imaging is defined as the visualization, characterization, and quantification of biologic processes at the cellular and molecular levels in living organisms. Molecular imaging allows the study of
Application of the boundary element method to elastic wave scattering by irregular defects

A time-harmonic boundary element formulation for elastic wave scattering in 3D is adapted to ultrasonic NDE. Defect classes addressed are volumetric voids and inclusions, and crack-like elliptical voids. For axisymmetric flaws, comparisons are made with method of optimal truncation (MOOT) and transition-matrix calculations. Comparison to experiment is made for more general shapes. For crack-like voids, comparisons are made with the Kirchhoff, geometric theory of diffraction (GTD), and quasistatic asymptotic approximations. The efficiency and usefulness of the boundary element method (BEM) in finding the bounds of applicability of these approximate theories are demonstrated. An example of a flaw characterization technique based on intermediate frequency scattering data simulated by BEM is given. The ability of BEM to handle nonplanar incident fields, as described by a transducer beam model, is shown. Other computational and modeling efficiencies of the BEM are noted.
Molecular analysis of the prostate-specific antigen upstream gene enhancer.

Background Our objective was to identify factors other than androgen receptor that bind to and regulate the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) upstream gene enhancer (PSE). Methods DNAse I footprinting and electromobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed over the PSE using lysates from PSA-producing cell lines, LNCaP and LAPC4, and nonproducing PSA cell lines, PC-3 cells, U937 monocytes, and Namalwa B cells. Mutational analysis and transient transfection assays were used to determine the contributions made by different elements towards the regulation of the enhancer. Results Three distinct regions surrounding androgen response elements of the PSE were found to bind unknown ubiquitous and cell type-specific proteins. These regions, when mutated in a PSE reporter construct, were shown to be required for maximal activation in LNCaP cells. Conclusions These results correlate unknown sequence-specific DNA binding proteins with androgen-mediated regulation of a prostate-specific gene, thus providing further insight into the mechanism of PSA gene expression.
Electrodeposition on Nanofibrous Polymer Scaffolds: Rapid Mineralization, Tunable Calcium Phosphate Composition and Topography

We developed a straightforward, fast, and versatile technique to fabricate mineralized nanofibrous polymer scaffolds for bone regeneration in this work. Nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds were fabricated using both electrospinning and phase separation techniques. An electrodeposition process was designed to deposit calcium phosphate on the nanofibrous scaffolds. Such scaffolds contain a high quality mineral coating on the fiber surface with tunable surface topography and chemical composition by varying the processing parameters, which can mimic the composition and structure of natural bone extracellular matrix and provide a more biocompatible interface for bone regeneration.