cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prosody dependent speech recognition on radio news corpus of American English

Does prosody help word recognition? This paper proposes a novel probabilistic framework in which word and phoneme are dependent on prosody in a way that reduces word error rates (WER) relative to a prosody-independent recognizer with comparable parameter count. In the proposed prosody-dependent speech recognizer, word and phoneme models are conditioned on two important prosodic variables: the intonational phrase boundary and the pitch accent. An information-theoretic analysis is provided to show that prosody dependent acoustic and language modeling can increase the mutual information between the true word hypothesis and the acoustic observation by exciting the interaction between prosody dependent acoustic model and prosody dependent language model. Empirically, results indicate that the influence of these prosodic variables on allophonic models are mainly restricted to a small subset of distributions: the duration PDFs (modeled using an explicit duration hidden Markov model or EDHMM) and the acoustic-prosodic observation PDFs (normalized pitch frequency). Influence of prosody on cepstral features is limited to a subset of phonemes: for example, vowels may be influenced by both accent and phrase position, but phrase-initial and phrase-final consonants are independent of accent. Leveraging these results, effective prosody dependent allophonic models are built with minimal increase in parameter count. These prosody dependent speech recognizers are able to reduce word error rates by up to 11% relative to prosody independent recognizers with comparable parameter count, in experiments based on the prosodically-transcribed Boston Radio News corpus.
Practical Recommendations for Immune-Enhancing Diets

Immune-enhancing diets contain nutrients that have putative benefits, including arginine, (n-3) fats, glutamine, nucleotides, and structured lipids. Although under most circumstances the systemic inflammatory response is beneficial to the host, improving the eventual outcome of injury, infection, or inflammation, excessive proinflammation (leading to cardiac, hepatic, and mitochondrial dysfunction) or excessive counterinflammation (leading to immune depression) can worsen outcome. In critically ill septic patients, the synthesis of arginine can be exceeded by its catabolism to nitric oxide (NO) and urea, rendering arginine conditionally essential. In patients with sepsis, increased production of NO increases serum nitrite and nitrate levels, whereas levels in patients with trauma and trauma with sepsis are lower than in controls. In septic patients, supplemental arginine might further increase NO levels and be potentially harmful through excessive proinflammation. However, administration of increased amounts of arginine might improve immune function in surgical and trauma patients by increasing NO production in macrophages. When the diet provides at least 1 g of the (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid combined, 2-series eicosanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes) are replaced partially by 3-series eicosanoids, and 4-series leukotrienes are replaced partially by 5-series leukotrienes that are less proinflammatory. Thus, the effects of arginine and (n-3)-fat supplementation might be expected to be complementary-arginine might improve cytokine and NO production in patients with immunodepression, whereas (n-3) fats might be beneficial when there is excessive proinflammation, particularly when supplemental arginine is supplied, by reducing cytokine-induced eicosanoid production.
Entropy generation in an asymmetrically cooled hollow sphere with temperature dependent internal heat generation

This paper presents an entropy generation analysis for steady conduction in a hollow sphere with temperature dependent internal heat generation and asymmetric convective cooling. An exact analytical solution for the temperature distribution is used to compute dimensionless local and total entropy generation rates in the hollow sphere. The total entropy generation rate depends on reference heat generation rate Q, the heat generation–temperature variation parameter a, the temperature asymmetry parameter λ and Biot numbers Bi1 and Bi2. Graphs illustrating the effect of these parameters on the local and total entropy generation rates are presented. Total entropy generation in the hollow sphere can be minimised with an appropriate choice of cooling parameters.
Statistical mechanics of sum frequency generation spectroscopy for the liquid-vapor interface of dilute aqueous salt solutions

We demonstrate a theoretical description of vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) at the boundary of aqueous electrolyte solutions. This approach identifies and exploits a simple relationship between SFG lineshapes and the statistics of molecular orientation and electric field. Our computer simulations indicate that orientational averages governing SFG susceptibility do not manifest ion-specific shifts in local electric field, but instead, ion-induced polarization of subsurface layers. Counterbalancing effects are obtained for monovalent anions and cations at the same depth. Ions held at different depths induce an imbalanced polarization, suggesting that ion-specific effects can arise from weak, long-ranged influence on solvent organization.
Detection of clinically amelanotic malignant melanoma and assessment of its margins by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy.

Background Near-infrared confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) represents anovel imaging technique for in vivo microscopic analysis of skin lesions,including pigmented lesions. Objectives To investigate the feasibility of detecting a clinically amelanoticmalignant cutaneous melanoma using CSLM and to explore the use of this techniquefor assessing its margins. Patients and Methods Two lesions from 2 patients were imaged and analyzed using CSLM. Sitessuspected to represent melanoma or benign skin on CSLM were marked as such;then, biopsy specimens were obtained for diagnosis using conventional histologicalanalysis. Both lesions were stained for melanin pigment and analyzed immunohistochemicallyfor the expression of melanosomal markers. In 1 case, a biopsy specimen wasalso examined with electron microscopy. Results The images obtained using CSLM allowed recognition of an abnormal intraepidermalmelanocytic proliferation that was distinctly different from normal skin.Comparison of the sites examined using CSLM and subsequently using conventionalhistological methods revealed that CSLM correctly identified intraepidermalmelanoma and benign skin. Fontana-Masson stains and immunohistochemical andultrastructural studies showed that clinically amelanotic melanoma cells containedmelanosomes and rare melanin granules. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, the detection of clinically amelanoticmelanoma using CSLM. This technique may aid in the early detection of clinicallybarely visible or nonpigmented melanomas and may facilitate preoperative noninvasiveassessment of their margins.
A spacing weighted antenna array

This paper considers a non-uniformaly spaced array. By starting with a continuous aperture distribution, the pattern function is formulated from a Lesbegue-Stieltjes integral point of view. A spacing weighting function can thus be generated. Based upon the methods of mechanical quadrature, the integral is reduced to a summation which represents the pattern function of a corresponding array. As an examples a symmetric linear array of 74 isotropic sources at an average spacing of 1.82 wavelengths is considered. The side lobe level is found to be less than -14 db for |u| and below -10 db for |u| \leq 2 . If these elements were uniformly spaced, secondary beams of 0-db level would occur at u = \pm 0.552, \pm 1.10 , and \pm 1.66 . A systematic optimization in a certain sense by a high speed computer has also been carried out. It indicates that a slight improvement in performance is possible. Based upon Legendre-Gaussian quadrature, two other linear arrays, both spacing and amplitude weighted: are studied. For relatively small u, their patterns are practically identical to that due to the corresponding continuous distribution.
Annual Meeting of the (American) African Studies Association

The sixth annual meeting of the African Studies Association, the leading American academic society of specialists on Africa, was the first to be held on the west coast. Although attendance could not be expected to match that at meetings in the east, a registration of over 250 testifies to the increasing strength of African studies in America. Quite a few of the founders of the Association were present, but the participation of many newcomers suggested that a second generation of American Africanists was bringing new vigour and insights to the field. Several visiting African scholars made notable contributions to the meeting.
A low power unsupervised spike sorting accelerator insensitive to clustering initialization in sub-optimal feature space

Online unsupervised spike sorting or clustering is an integral component of implantable closed-loop brain-computer-interface systems. Robust clustering performance against various non-idealities such as poor initialization and order-of-arrival of inputs are desirable while meeting the minimal area and power requirements for implants. We explore an online and unsupervised spike-sorting algorithm utilizing a low-overhead feature screening process that improves feature discriminability in the use of sub-optimal features for reducing hardware complexity. Based on the algorithm, an accelerator architecture that performs feature screening and clustering is devised and implemented in a 65-nm high-V TH CMOS, largely improving clustering accuracy even with poor clustering initialization. In the post-layout static timing and power simulation, the power consumption and the area of the accelerator are found to be 2.17 µW/ch and 0.052 µm2/ch, respectively, which are 53% and 25% smaller than the previous designs, while achieving the required throughput of 420 sorting/s at the supply voltage of 300mV.
Basic Design Process + Visual Communication Products

(1974). Basic Design Process + Visual Communication Products. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 28, Pedagogical Catalog 2, pp. 63-64.
Adventures of immanence revisited

After commending Yovel for his revisionist account of the history of modem philosophy, I comment on the way in which it indirectly illuminates what sets the existentialist movement apart. I then question Yovel's interpretations of Hegel, Marx, and Nietzsche on a number of points where he seems to me to misrepresent, exaggerate, or underappreciate them quite uncharacteristically. I conclude by suggesting that the way in which he has chosen to tell the story he tells may have had something to do with it.
A stable partitioned FSI algorithm for incompressible flow and deforming beams

An added-mass partitioned (AMP) algorithm is described for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems coupling incompressible flows with thin elastic structures undergoing finite deformations. The new AMP scheme is fully second-order accurate and stable, without sub-time-step iterations, even for very light structures when added-mass effects are strong. The fluid, governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, is solved in velocity-pressure form using a fractional-step method; large deformations are treated with a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach on deforming composite grids. The motion of the thin structure is governed by a generalized Euler-Bernoulli beam model, and these equations are solved in a Lagrangian frame using two approaches, one based on finite differences and the other on finite elements. The key AMP interface condition is a generalized Robin (mixed) condition on the fluid pressure. This condition, which is derived at a continuous level, has no adjustable parameters and is applied at the discrete level to couple the partitioned domain solvers. Special treatment of the AMP condition is required to couple the finite-element beam solver with the finite-difference-based fluid solver, and two coupling approaches are described. A normal-mode stability analysis is performed for a linearized model problem involving a beam separating two fluid domains, and it is shown that the AMP scheme is stable independent of the ratio of the mass of the fluid to that of the structure. A traditional partitioned (TP) scheme using a Dirichlet-Neumann coupling for the same model problem is shown to be unconditionally unstable if the added mass of the fluid is too large. A series of benchmark problems of increasing complexity are considered to illustrate the behavior of the AMP algorithm, and to compare the behavior with that of the TP scheme. The results of all these benchmark problems verify the stability and accuracy of the AMP scheme. Results for one benchmark problem modeling blood flow in a deforming artery are also compared with corresponding results available in the literature.
Superconducting properties of V 3 Si produced by reactive diffusion

We have made a study of the superconducting properties of specially prepared V3Si films. The films studied were produced in two steps. Vanadium was first sputtered onto silica glass substrates; then the film and substrate were heated. Above a definite threshold temperature the vanadium combined with the silicon atoms in the glass to form V3Si.
Lattice-based Boolean diagrams

This paper presents lattice-based Boolean diagrams (LBBDs), a graphical representation of Boolean functions that is not derived from binary decision diagrams (BDDs), as well as symbolic manipulation algorithms. It also identifies a class of Boolean functions where LBBDs are demonstrably more efficient to construct, and reason with, when compared to BDDs. The case studies include ITC99 and MCNC benchmarks, randomly generated cube covers or sum-of-products (SOP) formulas as well as multi-level Boolean formulas. Finally, LBBDs proved to be instrumental to the efficient runtime verification of software over distributed multiprocessor systems.
Selective attention and complex discrimination learning in the Japanese quail

This study compared (a) the ability of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to learn a complex visual discrimination, where either color, pattern, or form was relevant and the remaining two dimensions were irrelevant, to (b) the learning of these dimensions presented alone. In a second experiment, transfer tests were administered in order to assess any incidental learning of the irrelevant stimulus dimensions. The results showed that (a) adding irrelevant cues of greater salience retarded learning, while adding cues of less salience had no effect, and (b) incidental learning of the less salient irrelevant dimensions occurred, but not for the most salient irrelevant dimension.
Synthesis and Catalytic Properties for Phenylacetylene Hydrogenation of Silicide Modified Nickel Catalysts

Interstitial silicide-modified nickel, with high selectivity in some hydrogenation reactions, had been produced by dissolving silicon atoms into the nickel lattices. The metallic nickel was obtained by reducing the as-prepared high surface area NiO, followed by modification of the bulk nickel through silification of silane/H2 at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The results show nickel silicide formation involves the following sequence as a function of increasing temperature: Ni (cubic) → Ni2Si (orthorhombic) → NiSi (orthorhombic) → NiSi2 (cubic). The insertion of Si atoms into the interstitial sites between Ni atoms resulted in a significant change in the unit cell lattice of nickel. All of the silicide-modified nickel materials were ferromagnetic at room ...
An Overview: New Ideas in Nondestructive Evaluation

Abstract It is recognized that present methods for NDE of tires emphasize x-radiography, ultrasonics, and holographic interferometry. Modifications of these approaches in terms of improved signal processing, image magnification (for x rays), electronic focus (for ultrasonics), and tomographic imaging appear to offer promise for improved NDE of tires. In addition, techniques such as acoustic emission, pulsed eddy currents, microwaves, and vibrothermography also show promise. The suggestion that other NDE methods now being investigated for application to composite structures be followed closely appears valid as does the concept of improved procedures to verify the condition of raw materials used in initial fabrication.
Procedural Agreements in wto Disputes: Addressing the Sequencing Problem

To ensure compliance with the outcome of its dispute settlement procedures, the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) authorises the claimant Member to retaliate in case the respondent Member fails to comply within a certain period of time. However, the rules and procedures regarding retaliation and determination of compliance are ambiguous and have caused an interpretational problem called the sequencing problem. To address the problem, the parties to any dispute generally conclude bilateral ad hoc procedural agreements. However, by examining the procedural agreements concluded to date and by analysing the potential problems of these agreements, this article concludes that due to the dependence on the will of the parties and various aspects of the uncertain legal status of the agreements, the procedural agreements do not constitute a satisfactory method for addressing the sequencing problem. Alternatives should be considered and attempted promptly.
Survey and analysis of drinking water quality in rural area of Zhangye from 2008 to 2011

Objective:Through the survey and analysis,to grasp the drinking water quality in rural area of Zhangye,so as to ensure drinking water safety and health of local people.Methods: The water was tested and evaluated based on "Drinking Water Standard Testing Method" GB/T5750-2006 and "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" GB5749-2006.Results: The eligible rates of samples from water plant and tap water during withered water period were 60.48% and 58.08%,respectively,in four consecutive years,and the eligible rates of those during wet season period were 32.9% and 35%,respectively.The items exceeding standards were chloride,sulfate,total hardness,fluoride,dissolved solid,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,scent and taste,aerobic bacterial count,total coliforms,thermotolerant coliforms.Conclusion: There were no pollutions from industrial wastewater,sewage and pesticides and chemical fertilizer to the water,but high fluorine water,brackish water and unsterilized water existed.
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-Furyl)-2-Thiazolyl] Formamide-Induced Bladder Cancer in Mice: Augmentation by Sutures Through the Bladder Wall

The augmenting effect of chronic inflammation on bladder cancer was studied in female Swiss mice treated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT), 0.15% by weight of diet for 20 weeks. To produce chronic inflammation one silk suture and one catgut suture were placed through the bladder wall of 63 mice to receive FANFT and 18 to receive normal diet. In remaining mice (no. = 62) the bladder was simply touched without suture insertion. Thirty-two animals treated with FANFT and 33 treated with FANFT + sutures also received supplements to their drinking water throughout the experiment of the sulfhydryl-reducing agent N-acetylcysteine (500 mg./kg. body weight/day). Seven weeks following FANFT treatment, bladder cancers developed in 12% of mice with sutures and FANFT and in 19% of those with sutures, FANFT, and N-acetylcysteine. No cancers developed in mice receiving FANFT alone or FANFT with N-acetylcysteine and none in mice treated with sutures only. Placement of silk sutures through the bladder wall of mice augments FANFT-induced bladder cancer. N-acetylcysteine at these doses does not influence the incidence.
Does Communication Theory Need Intersubjectivity? Toward an Immanent Philosophy of Interpersonal Relations

(1982). Does Communication Theory Need Intersubjectivity? Toward an Immanent Philosophy of Interpersonal Relations. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 6, Communication Yearbook 6, pp. 171-205.
A Bottom-Up Story

A disconnect frequently surfaced between the international peacebuilders' statements on the security situation in the eastern Congo and the events unfolding on the ground. On May 26, 2004, I attended a large meeting with U.S. diplomats, donors, and humanitarian actors based in South Kivu, at which everyone concluded that the province was relatively calm, except for pockets of tension in the northern and southern sections. All present agreed that the city of Bukavu, where the meeting took place, was once again stable and uneventful. A few hours later, large-scale fighting broke out in Bukavu and quickly spread to the entire province, almost causing a collapse of the national and regional peace settlements. U.S. and humanitarian actors were not the only ones to err in their judgment. In December 2004, at the height of another major bout of fighting in the eastern provinces, the Belgian foreign minister claimed that the situation was “within reach of stabilization, of peace.” In May 2005, while the population of the eastern provinces lived in fear of recurring massacres, a United Nations (UN) spokesperson claimed that “overall, the situation was now well under control, but still remained quite hostile.” In June 2005, another UN spokesperson claimed that the security situation was “progressively returning to normal,” notwithstanding the fact that, two weeks prior, UN troops had engaged in a massive “four-hour gun battle with militiamen” and that, two weeks later, UN forces and militias fought for more than eight hours.
Alterations in pancreatic β cell function and Trypanosoma cruzi infection: evidence from human and animal studies

The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes a persistent infection, Chagas disease, affecting millions of persons in endemic areas of Latin America. As a result of immigration, this disease has now been diagnosed in non-endemic areas worldwide. Although, the heart and gastrointestinal tract are the most studied, the insulin-secreting β cell of the endocrine pancreas is also a target of infection. In this review, we summarize available clinical and laboratory evidence to determine whether T. cruzi-infection-mediated changes of β cell function is likely to contribute to the development of hyperglycemia and diabetes. Our literature survey indicates that T. cruzi infection of humans and of experimental animals relates to altered secretory behavior of β cells. The mechanistic basis of these observations appears to be a change in stimulus-secretion pathway function rather than the loss of insulin-producing β cells. Whether this attenuated insulin release ultimately contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes in human Chagas disease, however, remains to be determined. Since the etiologies of diabetes are multifactorial including genetic and lifestyle factors, the use of cell- and animal-based investigations, allowing direct manipulation of these factors, are important tools in testing if reduced insulin secretion has a causal influence on diabetes in the setting of Chagas disease. Long-term clinical investigations will be required to investigate this link in humans.
Children’ Ads: Do Cross-Cultural Differences Exist in Advertising Practices?

This paper reviews the international need for elder care and discusses a model for creating an internal environment for sustainable innovation based on an empirical study of elder care facilities that act entrepreneurially and support innovation to deliver resident valued services that meets policy guidelines aligned to community and government expectations and standards. A validated and adapted audit instrument is used to: identify the opportunities for corporate social entrepreneurship within the Australian elder care industry; evaluate the role of the board, management, and staff as care providers in targeted innovation initiatives including marketing to potential residents; and measure sustainable innovation. Analysis indicates that the research instrument can both assess the climate for social entrepreneurship and innovation and identify the training areas for sustained innovation within elderly care organisations.
Niclosamide and Bicalutamide Combination Treatment Overcomes Enzalutamide- and Bicalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants is linked to advanced prostate cancer and drives resistance to antiandrogens. The roles of AR and AR variants in the development of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and bicalutamide treatment, however, are still incompletely understood. To determine whether AR variants play a role in bicalutamide resistance, we developed bicalutamide resistant LNCaP cells (LNCaP-BicR) and found that these resistant cells express significantly increased levels of AR variants, particularly AR-V7, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Exogenous expression of AR-V7 in bicalutamide sensitive LNCaP cells confers resistance to bicalutamide treatment. Knockdown of AR-V7 in bicalutamide and enzalutamide resistant CWR22Rv1, enzalutamide resistant C4-2B (C4-2B MDVR) and LNCaP-BicR cells reversed bicalutamide resistance. Niclosamide, a potent inhibitor of AR variants, significantly enhanced bicalutamide treatment. Niclosamide and bicalutamide combination treatment not only suppressed AR and AR variants expression and inhibited their recruitment to the PSA promoter, but also significantly induced apoptosis in bicalutamide and enzalutamide resistant CWR22Rv1 and C4-2B MDVR cells. In addition, combination of niclosamide with bicalutamide inhibited the growth of enzalutamide resistant tumors. In summary, our results demonstrate that AR variants, particularly AR-V7, drive bicalutamide resistance and that targeting AR-V7 with niclosamide can re-sensitize bicalutamide resistant cells to bicalutamide treatment. Furthermore, combination of niclosamide with bicalutamide inhibits enzalutamide resistant tumor growth, suggesting that the combination of niclosamide and bicalutamide could be a potential cost effective strategy to treat advanced prostate cancer in patients, including those who fail to respond to enzalutamide therapy.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of liquid sloshing in complex vehicle motion scenarios

Abstract The objective of this investigation is to develop a new total Lagrangian continuum-based liquid sloshing model that can be systematically integrated with multibody system (MBS) algorithms in order to allow for studying complex motion scenarios. The new approach allows for accurately capturing the effect of the sloshing forces during curve negotiation, rapid lane change, and accelerating and braking scenarios. In these motion scenarios, the liquid experiences large displacements and significant changes in shape that can be captured effectively using the finite element (FE) absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). ANCF elements are used in this investigation to describe complex mesh geometries, to capture the change in inertia due to the change in the fluid shape, and to accurately calculate the centrifugal forces, which for flexible bodies do not take the simple form used in rigid body dynamics. A penalty formulation is used to define the contact between the rigid tank walls and the fluid. A fully nonlinear MBS truck model that includes a suspension system and Pacejka's brush tire model is developed. Specified motion trajectories are used to examine the vehicle dynamics in three different scenarios – deceleration during straight-line motion, rapid lane change, and curve negotiation. It is demonstrated that the liquid sloshing changes the contact forces between the tires and the ground – increasing the forces on certain wheels and decreasing the forces on other wheels. In cases of extreme sloshing, this dynamic behavior can negatively impact the vehicle stability by increasing the possibility of wheel lift and vehicle rollover.
155 NATURAL HISTORY OF VASCULAR ACCESS CATHETERS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS.

Double-lumen vascular access catheters (D-VACs) are the primary mode of vascular access in ≈ 20% of hemodialysis (HD) patients in the United States. For many, D-VACs are the primary form of access and are associated with mechanical or infectious complications. In this regard, we have shown that gram-negative infections in the blood and exit site are increased (Alexandraki, JASN 2005;16:453A; Sullivan, JASN in press). To further address risk factors for catheter loss, we performed a cross-sectional study of catheter survival in HD patients with D-VAC, identified in our previous work (in press). Results The records of 87 HD patients with D-VAC from 2/06, were updated and all catheter and patient survival data gathered as of 9/06. Patients were 36% male, age (mean ± SEM) 59 ± 1.6 years and 76% African American. Fifty-six (64%) patients had the same catheter that was present in 2/06 (SAME). For all patients, the mean catheter age was 340 ± 19 days (range 38-796). When compared to SAME, patients who lost their catheters (LOST) had a significantly shorter catheter life span (274± 30 vs 376 ± 22 days for LOST vs SAME, respectively, p Conclusions D-VACs are at risk of failure within 8 to 9 months in approximately 36% of patients and may result from infectious or mechanical problems. Although internal fistulae and grafts are the preferred form of access for HD, identifying risk factors for catheter loss may help prolong catheter life span in patients totally dependent on D-VAC.
Long-term outcome of dogs treated with ulnar rollover transposition for limb-sparing of distal radial osteosarcoma: 27 limbs in 26 dogs.

Objective To determine outcomes in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma treated with ulnar rollover transposition (URT) limb-sparing surgery including: viability of the ulnar graft, complications, subjective limb function, disease-free interval (DFI), and survival time (ST). Study design Retrospective case series. Animals Twenty-six client-owned dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma and no involvement of the ulna. Methods Data of dogs treated with URT were collected at the time of surgery and retrospectively from medical records and by contacting owners and referring veterinarians. Results URT technique was performed on 27 limbs in 26 dogs. The ulnar graft was determined to be viable in 17 limbs, nonviable in 3, and unknown in 7. Complications occurred in 20 limbs. Infection was diagnosed in 12 limbs. Biomechanical complications occurred in 15 and local recurrence in 2 limbs. Limb function graded by veterinarians or owners was poor in 2 limbs, fair in 4, good in 14, excellent in 3, and unknown in 4. Median DFI was 245 days and median ST was 277 days. Conclusion The URT technique maintained the viability of the ulnar graft. The complication rate was high but limb function appeared acceptable. Although sufficient length of the distal aspect of the ulna must be preserved to perform this technique, local recurrence was not increased compared to other limb-sparing techniques when cases were appropriately selected.
Thermophilic Adaptation in Prokaryotes Is Constrained by Metabolic Costs of Proteostasis

Prokaryotes evolved to thrive in an extremely diverse set of habitats, and their proteomes bear signatures of environmental conditions. Although correlations between amino acid usage and environmental temperature are well-documented, understanding of the mechanisms of thermal adaptation remains incomplete. Here, we couple the energetic costs of protein folding and protein homeostasis to build a microscopic model explaining both the overall amino acid composition and its temperature trends. Low biosynthesis costs lead to low diversity of physical interactions between amino acid residues, which in turn makes proteins less stable and drives up chaperone activity to maintain appropriate levels of folded, functional proteins. Assuming that the cost of chaperone activity is proportional to the fraction of unfolded client proteins, we simulated thermal adaptation of model proteins subject to minimization of the total cost of amino acid synthesis and chaperone activity. For the first time, we predicted both the proteome-average amino acid abundances and their temperature trends simultaneously, and found strong correlations between model predictions and 402 genomes of bacteria and archaea. The energetic constraint on protein evolution is more apparent in highly expressed proteins, selected by codon adaptation index. We found that in bacteria, highly expressed proteins are similar in composition to thermophilic ones, whereas in archaea no correlation between predicted expression level and thermostability was observed. At the same time, thermal adaptations of highly expressed proteins in bacteria and archaea are nearly identical, suggesting that universal energetic constraints prevail over the phylogenetic differences between these domains of life.
TWO CASES OF 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME AND TYPE 1 DIABETES

Objective: 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosome deletion syndrome and increases the risk of autoimmune conditions, including thyroid disease, cytopenias, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We report two unusual cases of pediatric patients with 22q11.2DS who subsequently developed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were isolated and are presented. Results: A 7-year-old male with genetically confirmed 22q11.2DS and related characteristics presented with polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia and was found to have an elevated hemoglobin A1c of 9.8% (84 mmol/mol) with subsequent positive pancreatic autoantibodies (islet antigen 2 [IA-2] antibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody). Screening labs for other autoimmune conditions identified thyroid antibodies, but thyroid function has been normal thus far. A 4-year-old female with genetically confirmed 22q11.2DS and associated features presented in severe diabetic ketoacidosis and was found to have one ...
Captives: How Stolen People Changed the World

Many women, children, and men have been taken from their homes and forced to live and work in new communities for thousands of years, including into the present. These captives, while difficult to ...
Solid state auto-transformer concept for multi-pulse rectifiers

Typical non-isolated multi-pulse rectifier configurations in applications such as aircrafts, ships, etc. consist of a low frequency (LF) auto-transformer, followed by 3-phase diode bridges at the interface of the AC power source. This paper proposes a higher frequency (HF) solid state auto-transformer (SSAT) based interface that can serve as a retrofit replacement to existing bulky LF auto-transformers in such applications and reduce the system weight/volume. In the proposed approach, the LF AC voltages are converted to HF AC voltages that are applied to the primary windings of higher frequency auto-transformers. The secondary windings from the SSAT are connected in a certain ‘zig-zag’ arrangement to cause a net phase-shift in the voltages, which are fed to the inputs of 3-phase diode bridge modules as in a typical multi-pulse rectifier. Usage of an open-loop square wave pulse-width modulation (PWM) for the switches makes this approach simple to implement. This paper validates the proposed concept using modeling, simulation, and preliminary experiments from a scaled down laboratory prototype. Overall, the SSAT approach improves power density of the front-end auto-transformer, while maintaining similar source current quality and efficiency as in conventional LF auto-transformer based multi-pulse rectifiers.
1677 Chest ct scanning in the screening, surveillance, and diagnosis of occupational lung diseases

Aim of special session Advances with chest CT scanning and CT scan-based lung cancer screening are changing the way diagnosis and screening for occupational lung diseases are conducted. We plan to review existing methodologies and experience-based emerging strategies. Thomas Kraus, MD, PhD 1 , Kurt G. Hering, MD 2 , Narufumi Suganuma, MD, PhD 3 , and Rafael E. de la Hoz, MD, MPH, MSc 4 1 RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany 2 Knappschafstkrankenhaus Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 3 Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783–8505, Japan 4 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: General Features

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), is a large, double-stranded DNA virus infecting primarily endothelial and B-cells. KSHV was discovered in 1994 as the infectious cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (an endothelial cell tumor), which is the most common cancer in untreated AIDS patients and in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. KSHV is also associated with B-cell neoplasias including primary effusion lymphoma, and some forms of Castleman's disease. While KSHV is an uncommon infection in the USA and northern Europe, affecting only about 2% of healthy blood donors, it is more common in Mediterranean basin countries and reaches hyperendemicity in Central Africa and parts of South America with infection rates as high as 50%. KSHV infection among healthy adults is generally asymptomatic but expression of disease is common among immunodeficient individuals. For these reasons, KSHV is a particular clinical concern among AIDS and transplant patients. The virus can be transmitted through organ donation and, to a much lesser extent, by transfusion of contaminated blood.
Curricular Imprints or the Presence of Curricular Pasts: A Study of One Third Grader’s Holocaust Education 12 Years Later

Schweber and Resenly’s chapter, “Curricular imprints or the presence of curricular pasts: A study of one third grader’s Holocaust education 12 years later,” examines the long-term effects of a student’s encounter with the Holocaust. Based largely on interview data, the authors look at how individual and collective identity mediates Holocaust memory and how early curricular experiences matter over time. They conclude that in this case, experiences with Holocaust education in later years and avoidance of so-called casual learning about the topic followed an emotional pattern set by that early experience in formal education. The research highlights the challenges of learning about the Holocaust in depth at a young age, perhaps especially for Jewish children who identify with Jewish victimization.
Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities: An Introduction for Web Developers

There are four main categories of disabilities that affect a person's ability to use the web: mobility, including inability to operate a keyboard/mouse; deaf including diminished hearing; blind, including partial vision; and disability associated with cognition and learning. This chapter overviews the major aspects of the web‐accessibility issue for web developers. First, it explains the benefits of making sites accessible: increased readership and the ability to take advantage of new technologies as they are introduced. Next, it explains some of the major reasons web developers offer for not making their sites accessible. Then, the chapter reviews the relevant laws regarding web access, focusing on the Americans with Disabilities Act, and discusses efforts being made by Microsoft and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and others, to encourage accessibility. Finally, it describes major resources that web developers might consult to assist them in making their sites accessible to people with disabilities.
A Global Perspective on Health Care

The experiences of receivers and providers of healthcare are unique and different and take place in the context of gender, gender identity, ethnicity, race, skin color, ability, and religion. They vary within our own individual lives as our age, health, socioeconomic, and marital status change. They are impacted by our past experiences and the perceptions we have formed based on our knowledge and life experiences. Those of us who live in First World countries often fail to consider or take for granted the availability of cutting-edge medical care. However, healthcare that takes place in a global context is vastly different for various groups of patients. A global perspective on healthcare and cultural competency is presented in this chapter.
Distribution-Free Inventory Risk Pooling in a Multilocation Newsvendor

We study a multilocation newsvendor network when the only information available on the joint distribution of demands are the values of its mean vector and covariance matrix. We adopt a distribution...
Bringing reality in physics: System engineering approach to optical phenomena following Huygens’ Principle

Optical science and engineering have been playing key enabling roles behind the continuous advancement of physics since ancient times. We have to pick up that role again. Recent publications by physicists Smolin [1], “Trouble with Physics”, 2007 & Hossenfelder [2], “Lost in Math”, 2018, are deeply troubling for the future of Physics & our credibility as the gatekeeper of the enabling knowledge of Optical Physics. We will explain how the various erroneous interpretations related to Relativity (e.g. time dilation), to Quantum Mechanics (Superposition Principle) & Astrophysics (Holographic Universe) arise due to the (i) use of non-causal Fourier modes (existing in all space) as tools of nature’s reality and (ii) neglect of Non-Interaction of Waves (NIW). NIW indicates that simple superposition of Fourier modes, in the absence of interacting materials, cannot generate spatio-temporal re-grouping of wave energies. System engineering thinking will be underscored that can constrain our math models to stick to realities. We will present examples on how understanding NIW in optical phenomena can help us bring out causal interpretations and causal models in some of the key branches of Physics.
Predictability of Weather and Climate.

The past developments in the predictability of weather and climate are discussed from the point of view of nonlinear dynamical systems. The problems ahead for long-range predictability extending into the climate time scale are also presented. The sensitive dependence of chaos on initial conditions and the imperfections in the models limit reliable predictability of the instantaneous state of the weather to less than 10 days in present-day operational forecasts. The existence of slowly varying components such as the sea surface temperature, soil moisture, snow cover, and sea ice may provide basis for predicting certain aspects of climate at long range. The regularly varying nonlinear oscillations, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation, monsoon intraseasonal oscillations, and El Nino-Southern Oscillation, are also possible sources of extended-range predictability at the climate time scale. A prediction model based on phase space reconstruction has demonstrated that monsoon intraseasonal oscillation can be better predicted at long leads.
SustainOnt: an ontology for defining an index of neighborhood sustainability across domains

Massive amounts of data, both structured and unstructured, are available to be harvested for competitive business advantage, sound government policies, and new insights in a broad array of applications. This paper specifically focuses on extraction, integration, and querying of open data available about environmental sustainability. The global trend toward urbanization has created a need for residents of urban neighborhoods to better understand the factors impacting the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of an area. To date, there is no concise representation of all aspects of sustainability. This paper aims to fill this gap. A version of sustainability resting on economic, societal, and environmental development as the three main indicators was chosen to inform an ontology called SustainOnt used to organize and analyze relevant data from various sources. The newly-linked data is made available through a dual-platform application aimed at reaching a wide array of audiences. An initial prototype has been designed, using data for a small region, to provide a sustainability index of each city and/or neighborhood area that can be more accessible to people without the means to directly analyze the available data.
Hacked Time: Design and Evaluation of a Self-Efficacy Based Cybersecurity Game

A major reason why people don't use security tools online is that they perceive them as difficult and challenging, resulting in the lack of self-efficacy. Previous research has looked at improving user security attitude and practices through a variety of interventions, including transformational games. These games, targeted at improving security attitude and promoting change through gameplay, offer a new perspective on cybersecurity education. In this research we present the design and evaluation of Hacked Time, a desktop game that uses an integrative approach that incorporates Bandura's self-efficacy design framework to improve player self-efficacy. Using a randomized control trial (n=178), we demonstrate that our game is effective in improving player's security attitude and self-efficacy for using cybersecurity tools. We discuss how our design pattern can serve as an exemplar to enhance player self-efficacy in other fields.
The Politicization of Corporate Governance - A Viable Alternative?

It is now well-established that different markets may develop different growth-supporting institutions that can give rise to public firms and set capital markets in motion. Yet, the paradigm view still holds local alternatives as merely stepping-stones, a transitional passage toward achieving a deeper and more advanced market, at which point conventional legal and market institutions — modeled on Anglo-American corporate capitalism — are still held necessary. Four decades of economic development in China challenge these conventions. With modern firms with global prominence and a capital market that is the second largest in the world, corporate governance in China seems to have passed the point of an “adjust or perish” prognostic. The system that governs these Chinese firms, and the ways in which capital markets function, sustain strong governance attributes that go against many fundamentals in economics and legal thought. Political involvement and state ownership, both assumed to stand in the way of capital market growth, remain prevalent while the market continues to advance. Most strikingly, harmonization with conventional corporate governance has been pushed aside as the Chinese Communist Party decided to exercise an ever more expansive and direct role in market activity. Public firms in present-day China are increasingly being governed by a “politicized corporate governance.” Political institutions with corporate governance capacities have been deployed both inside and outside firms. These institutions now buttress or even replace weaker traditional corporate governance mechanisms in the Chinese market. The implications are striking. First, despite justified reasons for alarm, a politicized corporate governance system in China can perform the main functions of corporate governance elsewhere, thereby offering relative benefits for public firms and their stockholders. Second, these developments show how path-dependent institutional substitutes, here political institutions, reject convergence predictions yet have enough plasticity to evolve and to support modern firms and prosperous markets beyond assumed thresholds and developmental milestones. In so doing, China’s politicized corporate governance casts doubts on law and development conventions as well as on both sides of a long-standing convergence debate. Finally, the politicization of corporate governance offers a new direction in comparative corporate governance scholarship, providing evidence of an instituted reversal from outwardly conventional corporate governance toward a new form of a planned economy.