cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral Cavity Discrimination of Vapor-Phase Long-Chain 18-Carbon Fatty Acids

Linoleic, oleic, and stearic fatty acids, presented vapor-phase retronasally, were discriminable from blanks and each other, but the same concentrations, oral-cavity-only (OCO), were not discriminable from blanks. It remained possible that higher concentrations might be discriminable OCO. To evaluate this, participants attempted to discriminate undiluted linoleic, oleic, or stearic acids, vapor-phase OCO, from blanks. For each fatty acid, participants received 5 stimulus delivery containers (SDCs) in 2 trials; 4 SDC held blanks, the fifth, a fatty acid. As a ‘‘positive control’’ in 2 trials, participants received vapor-phase OCO peppermint extract and blanks. For all trials, the task was to select the 1 different SDC. It was found that the 1 different SDC was selected in 24% of stearic, 32% of linoleic, 47% of oleic acid, and in 92% of peppermint trials; discriminations (the 1 different SDC selected in both trials) occurred in 0%, 16%, 26%, and 84% of pairs, respectively. Correct selections for oleic acid differed from chance, P= 0.0004, but not for linoleic acid, P= 0.125, or stearic acid, P= 0.345, Bonferroni corrected. Vapor-phase oleic acid can be an oral cavity trigeminal stimulus, linoleic acid might be (uncorrected P= 0.0384), but vaporphase stearic acid cannot be.
Shared Cognitive Features of Posttraumatic Cognitions and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. However, the shared features of these conditions have been under-examined. Evaluation of the common aspects of posttraumatic and obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms could improve treatment responsivity for individuals with comorbid PTSD and OCD, for whom outcome is typically poorer than for those with either disorder alone. This study examined intolerance of uncertainty, inflated responsibility, and a global measure of posttraumatic cognitions as potential shared cognitive constructs that moderate distress associated with OC symptoms. A total of 211 undergraduate students reporting significant trauma histories participated. All participants completed measures of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and beliefs, as well as posttraumatic cognitions. Results indicated that posttraumatic cognitions moderated the relationship between inflated responsibility and intolerance of uncertainty, which in turn predicted all domains of obsessive–compulsive symptom distress (all βs > 0.41, all zs > 3.44). Further, posttraumatic cognitions alone significantly predicting OC symptoms related to doubting, obsessions, and neutralizing. These findings suggest that shared cognitive constructs play a role in co-occurring posttraumatic stress and OC symptoms, and thus may be a relevant treatment target when these disorders present simultaneously.
The Seizure of the Reading Railroad in 1864

Reading Railroad in 1864 In July 1864, the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad was seized and operated by the War Department; this seizure, the result of a strike by operating employees, was the first his torical instance of presidential seizure to keep operations going in a labor dispute. This little known episode has been largely overlooked by labor historians, and it has not been previously researched, in spite of its significance (1) in retarding the early growth of labor organization on the railroads, (2) in strongly influencing the future structure of railroad labor along craft lines, and (3) in providing a general and potentially useful experience in the study of federal strike controls.1 This unprecedented form of federal intervention was prompted by the virtual shutdown of the Reading Railroad when it was the principal carrier of anthracite coal from the mines in northeastern Pennsylvania to the arteries of transportation in Philadelphia. At this period, most railroads were turning from wood-burning locomotives to coal-burning ones, and the Navy was rapidly converting from sail to steam.2 Coal
Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction

Blood pressure is tightly regulated by intricate changes in vascular resistance and alterations in cardiac function and the renal control mechanisms of plasma volume. Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder characterized by persistent elevations in blood pressure and involves abnormalities in the cardiac, vascular, and renal function. Increases in heart rate and stroke volume lead to increased cardiac output and could increase blood pressure in young individuals. Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction causes reduction in endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and hyperpolarizing factor, and increased production of contracting factors such as endothelin-1 and thromboxane A2. Enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction mechanisms including [Ca2+]i, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Rho kinase could promote vasoconstriction. Also, vascular remodeling and changes in matrix metalloproteinases could affect vascular resistance and blood pressure particularly in aging individuals. Alterations in body fluid regulation by the kidney could cause salt and water retention and increased plasma volume and cardiac output. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system increases angiotensin II in the plasma, leading to generalized vasoconstriction, and locally in the kidney, leading to salt and water retention. Dysregulation of vascular, cardiac, and renal functions could cause persistent increases in blood pressure and hypertension and further increase the risk for progressive cardiovascular disease.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Oxidation of Pure Indium Solders

MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) devices often require low-temperature, fluxless soldering techniques due to their high temperature sensitivity and performance requirements of the components. While seeking the development of a soldering technology using pure indium, the major focus of this study is to assess the thermodynamics and kinetics of indium oxidation at various solder reflow environments that will ultimately provide a processing window for solder reflow and surface oxide cleaning. With a glove box employed to generate reducing environments, oxygen, moisture, and hydrogen contents were varied to examine their effects on oxidation and reduction behavior of indium. We also explored oxidation mechanisms at different regimes of temperature and time. In particular, electron transport from indium to indium oxide is shown to be the rate controlling mechanism under specific oxidizing conditions. For accurate thickness measurements, a spectroscopic ellipsometer was employed. In addition, the effect of indium oxidation on solder joint reliability was observed via wetting angle and interfacial shear strength measurements.
Thick Growing Multilayer Nanobrick Wall Thin Films: Super Gas Barrier with Very Few Layers

Recent work with multilayer nanocoatings composed of polyelectrolytes and clay has demonstrated the ability to prepare super gas barrier layers from water that rival inorganic CVD-based films (e.g., SiOx). In an effort to reduce the number of layers required to achieve a very low oxygen transmission rate (OTR (<0.01 cc/m2·day·atm)) in these nanocoatings, buffered cationic chitosan (CH) and vermiculite clay (VMT) were deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Buffering the chitosan solution and its rinse with 50 mM Trizma base increased the thickness of these films by an order of magnitude. The OTR of a 1.6-μm-thick, six-bilayer film was 0.009 cc/m2·day·atm, making this the best gas barrier reported for such a small number of layers. This simple modification to the LbL process could likely be applied more universally to produce films with the desired properties much more quickly.
High-Order Methods Including Discontinuous Galerkin by Reconstructions on Triangular Meshes

The flux reconstruction (or correction procedure using reconstruction) approach provides a simple and economical framework to derive high-order numerical schemes for conservation laws. It employs the differential form of the equation and accounts for the jumps in flux values at the cell boundaries by a correction procedure based on the concept of reconstruction. In addition to resulting in new schemes, the approach unifies several existing methods: with appropriate choices of correction terms, it recovers discontinuous Galerkin (DG), spectral volume, and spectral difference (or staggered-grid). The flux reconstruction versions are also generally simpler and more economical than the original versions. The reconstruction framework is extended to the case of a triangular mesh here. A DG algorithm using standard DG tools and the differential form of the equation with no quadratures is included. The current approach can be incorporated into an existing DG code with relative ease. Keywords. Discontinuous Galerkin methods, high-order methods, conservation laws.
Nitrogen solution in BaO-B 2 O 3 and CaO-B 2 O 3 slags

The nitrogen solubility and nitride capacity of the BaO-B2O3 and CaO-B2O3 systems were measured at 1698 and 1773 K, respectively, using a gas-liquid equilibration technique. These systems were chosen because they have wide liquidus regions at the temperature of interest and were expected to show two types of nitride solution behavior. The nitride capacities of both systems showed minimum values with changing composition. This was explained by considering that nitrogen can dissolve into slag as “free nitride” at high basicities and as “nitride incorporated” with the network for acidic slags. The change of the nitride capacity with optical basicity and the activity of the basic component followed the predicted behavior for the proposed solution mechanism. The nitride capacity of the BaO-B2O3 system is considerably greater than for the CaO-B2O3 system because BaO is a more basic oxide than CaO. The activity of BaO in the BaO-B2O3 system was also measured by equilibration with liquid silver, at known oxygen potentials, and the activities show large negative deviations from ideal behavior.
Study on Eradication of a Confined Population of Pink Bollworms by Release of Males Sterilized with Metepa

The effect of sterile-male releases combined with winter cultural practices on a population of pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was studied in a large field cage through 2 cotton-growing seasons. In 1964, the treated population was reduced 80–90% compared with an untreated check by an estimated seasonal release ratio of 7:1 sterile males to normal males. However, the treated population continued to increase somewhat. In 1965, daily releases of sterilized males reduced the population 98%, despite some entry of moths from the adjacent check cage. No larvae were found during 4 consecutive weeks before this entry.
Effectiveness of U.S. and International Pipeline Regulations With Regard to Land Use Planning

The transmission pipeline incident in Edison, New Jersey in March, 1994 raised public concerns about the safety of siting of transmission pipelines in proximity to populated areas. One of the responses to this incident was the issuance of a contract by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) to the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) to study this and other issues with regard to pipeline safety. The basic findings were as follows: (1) the US Pipeline regulations are appropriate to minimizing risk while maintaining the viability of the pipeline industry; (2) all the regulations reviewed (i.e., US and international) approach the siting and regulation of pipelines in urban areas in a similar fashion; and (3) analysis of the USDOT incident database indicates that, in general, pipelines are sited in rural or underdeveloped areas, and damage resulting from an incident in highly developed areas is generally less than in rural areas due to the regulations restricting the allowable operating stresses in more densely populated areas.
Research on Beauveria bassiana against cockroach

Objective To observe the effect of 5×109 unit Beauveria bassiana spore against cockroachs.Methods Laboratory and the spot experiment.Results In laboratory,Blattella germanica LT50 was 1.71 d(1.62～1.81),Periplaneta americana LT50 was 4.25 d(3.97～5.24).At simulates spot,both Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana killing rate were 100% for 12 days.Spot RPI for 7,14,30,60 days were 28.63,7.93,4.90 and 8.36 respectively.Conclusion The effect of 5×109 unit Beauveria bassiana spore against cockroach is good.
Design of Tunable Fiber Lasers Using Birefringence of Optical Fiber

The design of tunable fiber lasers that use the strain- induced birefringence of fiber coils to control the lasing wavelength is explained. The implementation of a ring laser tunable over a 35-nm range by rotation of a single fiber coil is presented.
Development of Assessment and Screening Tool to Assist with Prevention and Identification of Charcot Foot in Type 2 Diabetics

Development of Assessment and Screening Tool to Assist with Prevention and Identification of Charcot Foot in Type 2 Diabetics by Louise Wade MSN, RN MS, West Texas AM an additional goal was to develop practice guidelines for practitioners to assist in the early recognition, treatment, and referral of adult diabetic patients at risk for Charcot foot. Lippitt’s theory of change was used to guide the project. An interdisciplinary team of stakeholders was assembled to guide development of the tool, algorithm, and practice guidelines. Products were developed in accordance with evidence in current peer-reviewed literature and American Diabetes Association recommendations for Charcot foot diagnosis, treatment, and referral. Content was validated using a scale content validation instrument process to obtain input from experts in the care of Charcot foot. An implementation plan was developed to guide introduction of the products into practice, and an evaluation plan created to determine the extent to which intermediate term outcomes are met using these products. The project may contribute to social change by identifying patients at risk for Charcot foot prior to the onset of the complication, therefore preventing further injury, deformity, or amputation in populations that are often unable to afford quality healthcare. Development of Assessment and Screening Tool to Assist with Prevention and Identification of Charcot Foot in Type 2 Diabetics by Louise Wade MSN, RN MS, West Texas AM Dr. Stoerm Anderson for his constant support and encouragement throughout the project and for being a positive role model in my life; Dr. Deborah Lewis for her support and suggestions for a successful project completion and finally, Dr. Sandra Cadena as serving as the URR on this project and providing positive comments and encouragement. This entire journey would not have been possible without the encouragement and support of each of these people and I am eternally grateful.
Achromatic metalens over 60 nm bandwidth in the visible

We demonstrate an achromatic metalens with a constant focal length over 60 nm bandwidth (λ= 490 nm to 550 nm). We also design metalenses with reverse chromatic dispersion, opposite of a Fresnel lens.
The role of family-friendly benefits on job self-efficacy and organizational commitment of public park and recreation professionals

The number of dual-career couples, workers with eldercare responsibility, single-parent families, and working parents with young children has become increasingly common in the American workplace (Breaugh & Frye, 2008) and has led to increased work-family conflicts for the park and recreation professional. In response to these workforce changes, family-friendly employee benefits programs (FFEBP) are becoming more readily available and offered by public park and recreation agencies. Guided by these challenges, this study sought to explore the link between FFEBP and job attitudes (organizational commitment) and employee motivation (self-efficacy) among public park and recreation employees. Specifically, the effects of two FFEBP (dependent care supports and flexible work arrangements) were assessed on organizational commitment and job self-efficacy outcomes. Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1991) was selected as the theoretical framework for this study due to its relevance to a variety of human resource management functions that occur within an organization and its application within employee motivation and commitment contexts (Gibson, 2004). Four hundred and fifty-six public park and recreation professionals completed an online survey that was used to measure the variables of interest. Analyses identified significant differences in employees’ job self-efficacy and organizational commitment levels between agencies with family-friendly employee benefits programs and agencies without these programs. Specifically, the findings from this study suggest agencies with dependent care supports or flexible work arrangements benefit programs have employees who are more committed to the agency and generally have higher levels of motivation (i.e., job self-efficacy) than employees working in agencies without these programs. For administrators, these results suggest the potential of FFEBP in creating a strategic advantage for agencies by recruiting and retaining higher performers within an agency and by establishing a more productive workforce. However, despite the potential value of these benefits, careful planning and internal assessment is needed prior to implementation of a FFEBP. Complete results of the study are analyzed and discussed.
Effects of Community-Based Exercise in Adults With Severe Burns: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective To investigate the efficacy of community-based exercise programs in the rehabilitation of adult patients with burns compared with standard of care (SOC). Design Randomized controlled trial, with 2:1 randomization. Setting Assessments were performed in a hospital setting. The intervention was performed in a community setting. Participants Adult patients (N=45) with ≥30% total body surface area burns were randomized to participate in a community-based exercise program (n=31) or SOC (n=14). Patient sampling was consecutive and referred. Interventions The community-based exercise program consisted of 12 weeks of exercise with a community-based trainer after hospital discharge. The SOC group did not receive exercise training. Main Outcome Measures Change in lean body mass index, peak torque, and peak oxygen consumption from discharge to 12 weeks postdischarge, presented as mean ± SE. Results The community-based exercise program group showed a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption compared with SOC (community-based exercise program: Δ=7.723±1.522mL/kg/min, P =.0006; SOC: Δ=2.200±1.150mL/kg/min, P =.0765; community-based exercise program vs SOC, P =.0236). The community-based exercise program group exhibited a significant within group increase in lean body mass index (Δ=1.107±0.431kg/m 2 , P =.0003; SOC: Δ=1.323±0.873kg/m 2 , P =.2808). Both groups showed significant within-group increases in peak torque (community-based exercise program: Δ=35.645±7.566Nm, P =.0003; SOC: Δ=34.717±11.029Nm, P =.0082). No significant differences were noted between the 2 groups for lean body mass index or peak torque. Conclusions Patients who participate in a community-based exercise program show significant improvements in cardiopulmonary fitness compared with SOC, supporting the use of a community-based exercise program as an alternative therapy to SOC in adults with severe burns.
Spitzoid melanoma with histopathological features of ALK gene rearrangement exhibiting ALK copy number gain: a novel mechanism of ALK activation in spitzoid neoplasia.

Spitzoid neoplasms pose diagnostic difficulties because their morphology is not consistently predictive of their biological potential. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of these tumours provides a framework by which they can now begin to be categorized. In particular, spitzoid lesions with ALK rearrangement have been specifically associated with a characteristic plexiform growth pattern of intersecting fascicles of amelanotic spindled melanocytes. We report the case of an 87-year-old man with a 3-cm nodule on his mid-upper back comprised of an intradermal proliferation of fusiform amelanotic melanocytes arranged in intersecting fascicles with occasional peritumoral clefts. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated diffuse, strong expression of SOX10 and S100 by the tumour cells and diffuse, weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), suggestive of ALK rearrangement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed no ALK rearrangements but instead revealed at least three intact ALK signals in 36% of the tumour cells, confirming ALK copy number gain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a plexiform spitzoid neoplasm exhibiting ALK copy number gain instead of ALK rearrangement. This case suggests that ALK copy number gain is a novel mechanism of ALK activation but with the same characteristic histopathological growth pattern seen among ALK-rearranged spitzoid neoplasms.
Deep radiogenomics for predicting clinical phenotypes in invasive breast cancer

Integration of heterogeneous data from different modalities such as genomics and radiomics is a growing area of research expected to generate better prediction of clinical outcomes in comparison with single modality approaches. To date radiogenomics studies have focused primarily on investigating correlations between genomic and radiomic features, or selection of salient features to determine clinical tumor phenotype. In this study, we designed deep neural networks (DNN), which combine both radiomic and genomic features to predict pathological stage and molecular receptor status of invasive breast cancer patients. Utilizing imaging data from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we evaluated the predictive power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Overall, results suggest superior performance on CNNs leveraging radiogenomics in comparison with CNNs trained on single modality data sources.
A Feedforward Current Control Strategy for a MMC Based Point to Point HVDC Systems

Voltage source converters (VSCs) have been commonly used due to their flexibility to control voltages and powers independently and bi-directionally. Typically, (e.g. two-level converter), the control system mainly consists of two parts; outer voltage or power flow (real and reactive power) controller and inner current controller. Vector current control based dq decoupling technique enables to control active and reactive power, DC voltage and AC voltage. The d- and q-axis of grid voltages and currents comprise AC and DC components under unbalanced grid conditions. The AC components of the d- and q-axis current have negative impact on the current control loop and converter performance. In this paper, a novel feed-forward current control has been presented and investigated under balanced and unbalanced grid modes for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) system. The Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) demonstrates the results of proposed feedforward current control strategy, applied to the Point to Point MMC based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system.
What is it about strategic implications of using financial models in the process of technology management

Abstract This paper analyses strategic implications of using the financial models in evaluating research and development (R&D) technology investments. It also discusses the challenges of applying the financial models in valuing intellectual property (IP). This paper reveals how conventional financial models fail to recognise the importance of strategic positioning since there are limits in terms of using the quantified approaches to measure R&D performance. From the technology management perspective, it is argued that financial models need to be reconciled with technology strategies since today's investments have linkages with firms' competitiveness in the long run.
Experiences Implementing Live VM Migration over the WAN with Multi-Path TCP

Live VM Migration allows a running virtual machine or service to be moved from one host to another without the need to be shut down. This critical process offers many benefits for Internet services, including load balancing and service availability especially during host maintenance. Nevertheless, VM migration has been limited to layer 2 environments where the VM’s IP address can be migrated with the VM. This is because the IP address must remain reachable after the migration. This necessarily restricts the ability to migrate VMs, limiting their potential and utility.In this paper, we show how a new Internet standard, Multi-Path TCP, can be used to seamlessly migrate live VMs across WAN boundaries. This allows services to migrate closer to their clients while preserving active TCP connections, improving performance, responsiveness, and user engagement. We show this by designing and implementing LSM-MPTCP, a system for VM Migration over the WAN. We demonstrate how our approach can improve throughput and latency in a real cloud environment, achieving throughput improvements up to 6 times and reducing round-trip times by 99%. We also expose subtle networking issues related to migration that can heavily affect loss rates.
Users beware! Biological variation in complete blood counts over short time intervals

A complete blood count (CBC) is the most commonly ordered laboratory test for patient diagnosis and treatment.1 Clinical decisions are often made on the basis of a single result which is rarely repeated. The availability of more rapid tests for CBCs that are accessible and approved for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived use at the point of need increases the likelihood that serial testing may occur over short periods of time.2 Understanding natural CBC variation in healthy individuals may help clinicians interpret serial test results which may have a range of values. We sought to evaluate CBCs from blood drawn over a short time period and assessed in separate, accredited labs to understand biological and laboratory-based variability. Ten healthy adult volunteers with a self-report of being healthy were recruited by a study nurse and signed informed consent between April and May 2017. At baseline, 1 hour and 2 hours, six 3 mL tubes were drawn each time and sent as routine tests in duplicate to three College of American Pathologist certified clinical core laboratories for CBC: Lab 1 used a Beckman Coulter LH750 (Beckman Coulter, Atlanta, GA), Lab 2 used a Sysmex XE2100 (Sysmex America, Lincolnshire, IL) and Lab 3 used a Sysmex XN9000 (Sysmex America). The total time range covered by this study was 120 min, consistent …
Visual storytelling and socioenvironmental change: Images, photographic encounters and knowledge construction in resource frontiers

Practices of visually representing places of resource extraction and land degradation can be deeply contentious, embedded in a wide variety of values, ethics, goals, and relations. Photographs are ...
Inference in Experiments with Matched Pairs

This paper studies inference for the average treatment effect in randomized controlled trials where treatment status is determined according to a “matched pairs” design. By a “matched pairs” design...
What smells? Gauging attention to olfaction in canine cognition research.

One of the challenges of animal cognition research is overcoming anthropocentric sensory biases—in particular, favoring visual information and cues despite the dominance of other sensory cues in many nonhuman research subjects. As such, it is particularly important for animal cognition researchers to explicitly mention steps taken to control for and attend to the sensory world of their study species. Dogs are well known for their reliance on olfaction, but the extent to which dog cognition and behavior research accounts for olfactory cues or incorporates olfactory controls is unknown. With this bibliographic study, we reviewed canine research published in the past 10 years (2008–2018) in 13 scientific journals and coded the 481 resulting papers for mentions of olfactory or odor cues or controls. Our findings indicate that despite widespread acceptance of the significance of olfaction to dogs, scientific methodology rarely takes olfactory information processing into account. Finally, we propose a simple rubric of recommended reporting of olfactory information in research contexts, with the aims to help attune researchers to the umwelt of their study subjects, and to enhance the methodological reproducibility of canine cognition research.
The Future for Sport Entrepreneurship

There has been quite a bit of attention devoted to sport entrepreneurship—especially in recent years. Thus, it is time to reflect on what has been articulated so far, to explain why the sport industry’s unique characteristics make it an ideal context for the continued study of entrepreneurial phenomena, and to suggest a roadmap for future work. In suggesting future work, this chapter makes the case that for sport entrepreneurship to maintain and enhance its impact, there will need to be an increased focus on the role of technology in sport. The chapter articulates opportunities for future work in technological entrepreneurship using Ratten’s (International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 7(1):57–69, 2011) model as a guide. In sum, the chapter suggests five key focus areas: (1) sport organizations’ business strategy, (2) the continued evolution of the sport product, (3) the use of sport analytics, (4) the development of new sport offerings, and (5) the sustainability and social impact of sport.
What Is a Brand? A Semiotic Analysis

In this chapter, I define brands, deal with brand images, and explain how semiotics, the science of signs, is useful in analyzing brands. I deal with Saussure’s theories and his notion that a sign is composed of a sound-object or signifier and a concept that the signifier generates. He also writes about concepts only having meaning in terms of their not being like their opposites. I also discuss the difference between denotation and connotation, metaphor and metonymy, and differentiation in brands.
Impact of renal function recovery utilizing left ventricular assist device support.

BACKGROUND In heart failure (HF) patients with renal insufficiency (RI), we hypothesize that mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) will promote renal function recovery (RR). We sought to quantify RR with LVAD support over 6 months of follow-up. METHODS RR data at 30, 90, and 180 days were analyzed for all LVAD patients with RI at the time of surgery. RI was defined as either the use of hemodialysis (HD) or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . RESULTS Between January 2008 and December 2013, 47 of 127 (37%) LVAD recipients had RI at the time of surgery. The mean preoperative GFR was 48 ± 7. We observed RR at each follow-up, with 30-, 90-, and 180-day mean GFRs of 79 ± 33, 71 ± 31, and 63 ± 21, respectively. The absolute increase in GFR at 30, 90, and 180 days was 34 ± 31, 26 ± 29, and 19 ± 20, respectively (All with P < .001). Four patients (8.5%) with RI required HD preoperatively. Of these, three recovered renal function, the fourth patient died. An additional 13 patients (30.2%) that were previously non-HD-dependent required HD postoperatively. Six of these 13 (46%) recovered renal function during the study period, four (30.7%) remain on HD and three (23%) died. CONCLUSIONS RI improves significantly with LVAD support. Improvements in GFR are marked in the first 30 days. Among those patients requiring either pre- or post-operative HD, a majority recovered renal function.
Effective interventions to reduce multiple-threat conflicts and improve pedestrian safety

When a driver stops for a pedestrian, the pedestrian may be struck by a second driver traveling in the same direction of travel in the next lane, a scenario known as a multiple-threat crash. Prior ...
The subjects of spatial statism: Reclaiming politics and law in international entanglement: Afterword to the Foreword by Ran Hirschl and Ayelet Shachar

In their Foreword, Hirschl and Shachar challenge the supposed contemporary decline of state sovereignty and describe the enduring and expansive spatial reach of state power to counter threats to sovereign territorial control. This Afterword looks into the normative foundations of this account and its consequences for public international law and for international courts, in particular. “Spatial statism” exposes, I argue, a disjunction between the concepts of state sovereignty and popular sovereignty—and thus disrupts the normative expectation that those subject to the law are also its authors. It is this expectation that international judicial review must seek to restore. The attempt to do so is burdened by analytical and practical difficulties. But the project, I argue, is essential. In confronting the new “spaces” of international entanglement, judges must redeem the idea that citizens might yet reclaim those entanglements as a “common world,” not just a space in which they are brought together, unfreely, under the mantle of state coordination and coercion.
The true case fatality of COVID-19: An analytical solution

ABSTRACT The exact risk of dying from COVID-19 has remained elusive and a topic of debate. In this study, the observed case fatality rates of 46 different countries are hypothesized to be dependent on their testing rates. An analytical test to this hypothesis suggests that the case fatality rate of COVID-19 could be consistent to a certain degree across all countries and states. The current global fatality rate is estimated to be around 1% and expected to converge between 1-3% when the pandemic ends. This model can be helpful to estimate the true infection rate for individual countries.
Locus coeruleus spiking differently correlates with somatosensory cortex activity and pupil diameter

We examined the relationships between activity in the locus coeruleus (LC), activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and pupil diameter in mice performing a tactile detection task. While LC spiking consistently preceded S1 membrane potential depolarization and pupil dilation, the correlation between S1 and pupil was more heterogeneous. Furthermore, the relationships between LC, S1 and pupil varied on timescales of sub-seconds to seconds within trials. Our data suggest that pupil diameter can be dissociated from LC spiking and cannot be used as a stationary index of LC activity.
Diabetes and cardiometabolic risk in South Asian youth: A review.

South Asians are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at lower body mass index compared to other ancestral groups. Many factors contribute to this increased risk, including genetics, maternal-fetal factors, diet, fitness, body composition, and unique pathophysiology. Increased cardiometabolic risk is also seen at younger ages in South Asian individuals as compared to their White counterparts. This risk persists in migrant communities outside of south Asia. With the growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in the south Asian population, it is imperative that we had better understand the mechanisms underlying this increased risk and implement strategies to address this growing public health problem during childhood and adolescence.
Developing a Computer-Controlled Treat Dispenser for Canine Operant Conditioning

When performing canine operant conditioning studies, the delivery of the reward can be a limiting factor of the study. While there are a few commercially available options for automatically delivering rewards, they generally require manual input, such as using a remote control, in accordance with the experiment script. This means that human reaction times and transmission distances can cause interruptions to the flow of the experiment. The potential for development of non-supervised conditioning studies is limited by this same factor. To remedy this, we retrofitted an off-the-shelf treat dispenser with new electronics that allow it to be remotely controllable as well as act as an experiment computation, data storage, and networking center. We present a fully integrated dispenser driver board with a complementary Raspberry Pi. With rather simple modifications, the commercial treat dispenser can be modified into a computer-controlled dispenser for canine cognition experiments or for other forms of canine training or games. Funding Statement: This research was supported by a National Science Foundation grant to JRS (SES-1658837), including a Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) stipend to WA, and by a University of Nebraska-Lincoln Research Council Grant-in-Aid to JRS.
Orality and Advertisement: Swahili Proverbs in Mobile Phone Service Ads in Tanzania

African proverbs have always been a source of fascination in the exploration and attempt to understand African oral literature. Scholarly collections and bibliographical publications pertaining to African proverbs abound. However, it has taken a while for scholars as well as practitioners in various fields to appreciate the value of African proverbs as they intersect with their fields. A notable example in this regard is the work of Christian missionaries in Africa that ignored, actually, dismissed African proverbs for long time only to relatively recent realizing that it was an unproductive way of preaching the gospel. In the wake of globalizing businesses, commercial advertisers also seem to grab the opportunity of understanding and they are no longer ignoring African proverbs in promoting their products or services. Nevertheless, exploration pertaining to the relationship between oral literature and the discourse of advertising in African context has not been given a significant scholarly attention. This article attempts to exactly do that but in a very modest way—it examines the intersection between African proverbs and commercial ads related to mobile phone services in the Swahili-speaking Tanzania. Thus, the focus is on the Swahili proverbs—the observed but also backed up by the Haya proverbs—the imagined. First, an overview of African proverbs is presented, followed by a brief discussion on the richness of Swahili and Haya proverbs. Then, a short account pertaining to the discourse of advertisement is provided with special reference to the advent of mobile phone services in Tanzania—which eventually leads to the author’s personal story that constitutes the data to be analyzed and discussed.
Double evidential morphology in Turkish

Turkish and Bulgarian both have “double evidential” constructions, which seem to contain reiterated evidential morphemes. This paper, focusing on Turkish data, shows that despite the morphological similarity between the indirect evidential -mIs and the “second” - mIs , double evidentials are not an instance of reduplication. Instead, I propose based on morphological evidence (separability of suffixes, morphological spell-out of related Turkic languages) and semantic evidence (the “second” - mIs introduces a new indexical, the Evaluator) that the second - mIs is the spell-out of a distinct syntactic head, which I call Dubitative.
Aluminum—The Material of Flight

This chapter begins by describing the airborne history of aluminum from being a critical component in the engine of the Wright Flyer to enabling the global airplane industry that began with planes such as the Comet. Aluminum is an ultra-light metal whose mechanical properties can be precisely tailored by the addition of a myriad of alloying atoms. Although aluminum is abundant in the Earth’s crust it proved very challenging to extract from its ore requiring a process that consumes enormous amounts of electricity. These challenges once made aluminum a precious metal alongside silver and gold. Its relatively low melting temperature and its structure mean that aluminum can be readily shaped and formed, which has enabled mass production of power transmission lines, automobiles, airplanes, and a host of aluminum products.
A Novel Process Design for Waste Respirator Processing

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic increases the consumption of respirators. In this work, we propose a novel and effective waste respirator processing system that aims to protect public health and mitigate climate change. Respirator sterilization and pre-processing technologies are incorporated simultaneously to resist viral infection and facilitate unit processes for manufacturing and separating products, so the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission can be reduced via carbon reallocation from CO2 to downstream products. High-fidelity process simulations are performed to extract detailed life cycle inventories used for evaluating environmental performance. Results reveal the economic viability in terms of the payback time (seven years) and the internal rate of return (21.5%). The proposed waste respirator processing system reduces GHG emissions by 59.08% compared to incineration, which reflects the potential of climate change mitigation.
Variants on the UBE2L3-YDJC autoimmune disease risk haplotype increase UBE2L3 gene expression by modulating CTCF and YY1 binding.

Objective Genetic variants spanning the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 (UBE2L3) gene are associated with increased expression of the UBE2L3-encoded E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcH7, that facilitates activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling, and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. This study aims to delineate how genetic variants carried on the UBE2L3-YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype function to drive hypermorphic UBE2L3 expression. Methods We used bioinformatic analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase reporter assays to identify and functionally characterize allele-specific effects of risk variants positioned in chromatin accessible regions of immune cells. Chromatin conformation capture (3C)-qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, and siRNA knockdown assays were performed on patient-derived EBV-transformed B cells homozygous for the UBE2L3-YDJC non-risk or risk haplotype to determine if the risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression by altering the regulatory chromatin architecture in the region. Results Five of the seven prioritized variants demonstrated allele-specific increases in nuclear protein binding affinity and regulatory activity. HiChIP and 3C-qPCR uncovered a long-range interaction between the UBE2L3 promoter (rs140490, rs140491, rs11089620) and downstream YDJC promoter (rs3747093) that was strengthened in the presence of the UBE2L3-YDJC risk haplotype, and correlated with the loss of CTCF binding and gain of YY1 binding at the risk alleles. Depleting YY1 by siRNA disrupted the long-range interaction between the two promoters and reduced UBE2L3 expression. Conclusion The UBE2L3-YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression through strengthening a YY1-mediated interaction between the UBE2L3 and YDJC promoters.
REVIEW ARTICLE Genetics of Schizophrenia and the New Millennium: Progress and Pitfalls

Schizophrenia (M IM 181500) is a severe and common psychiatric disorder afflicting 1% of the world popu­ lation. The disease is characterized by psychotic symp­ toms and by cognitive, affective, and psychosocial im­ pairm ent. As a leading cause of psychiatric admissions, schizophrenia accounts for a considerable portion of health-care expenditures and is viewed as a m ajor public health concern.
Associations of oral contraceptives with mammographic breast density in premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND We investigated the associations of oral contraceptives (OCs) with percent breast density (PD), absolute dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), and a novel image intensity variation (V) measure in premenopausal women. METHODS This study included 1,233 controls from a nested case-control study within Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Information on OCs was collected in 1989 and updated biennially. OC use was defined from the questionnaire closest to the mammogram date. PD, DA, and NDA were measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique; the V measure was obtained with a previously developed algorithm measuring the standard deviation of pixel values in the eroded breast region. Generalized linear regression was used to assess associations between OCs and density measures (square root-transformed PD, DA, and NDA, and untransformed V). RESULTS OC use was not associated with PD (current vs. never: β=-0.06, 95%CI -0.37,0.24; past vs. never: β=0.10, 95%CI -0.09,0.29), DA (current vs. never: β=-0.20, 95%CI -0.59,0.18; past vs. never: β=0.13, 95%CI -0.12,0.39), and NDA (current vs. never: β=-0.19, 95%CI -0.56,0.18; past vs. never: β=-0.01, 95%CI -0.28,0.25). Women with younger age at initiation had significantly greater V-measure (<20 years vs. never β=26.88, 95%CI 3.18,50.58; 20-24 years vs. never β=20.23, 95%CI -4.24,44.71; 25-29 years vs. never β=2.61, 95%CI -29.00,34.23; {greater than or equal to}30 years vs. never β=0.28, 95%CI -34.16,34.72, p-trend=0.03). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that an earlier age at first OC use was associated with significantly greater V. IMPACT These findings could guide decisions about the age for OC initiation.
Rates and predictors of child maltreatment re-perpetration against new victims and prior victims.

Abstract Background Limited prior research has examined the rates or predictors of re-perpetration of child maltreatment. Yet, perpetrators may have multiple victims, and perpetrators, rather than their victims, are often the primary focus of child welfare services. Objective We examine rates of child maltreatment re-perpetration of repeat and new victims, and test perpetrator demographics and maltreatment index incident case characteristics as predictors of re-perpetration. Participants and setting We use a sample of 285,245 first-time perpetrators of a substantiated maltreatment incident in 2010 from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Methods We use linear probability models with full information maximum likelihood to test new victim and same victim perpetration by the end of FY 2018. Results Fifteen percent of perpetrators re-maltreated one or more of their original victims (“same victim re-perpetration”); 12% maltreated a new victim. Overall, re-perpetration was more common among younger, female, and White perpetrators. Perpetrators who were the biological or adoptive parent of their initial victim(s) had higher rates of same victim re-perpetration; new victim re-perpetration was more common among perpetrators who initially victimized an adoptive or stepchild. Same victim re-perpetration was less common among perpetrators of physical abuse than other types of maltreatment, and new victim re-perpetration was more common among perpetrators of sexual abuse and neglect than physical abuse. Conclusions Child welfare agencies should track re-perpetration in addition to revictimization as part of agency evaluations and risk assessments.
Whose Religion Matters in Corporate RFRA Claims after Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores , 134 S. Ct. 2751 (2014)?

This case comment argues that the Court’s standing analysis in Hobby Lobby opens a door for corporations to make RFRA claims that are based, not on the religious liberty of their owners, but on the religious beliefs of other constituencies (potentially including shareholders, directors, officers, employees, and customers). It highlights the need for a theoretical and doctrinal understanding of why, when, and how any given constituency’s beliefs are relevant to a corporate RFRA claim.