cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRANSFER FACTOR: IN VITRO EFFECTS ON LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION

This chapter discusses the in vitro effects of transfer factor on lymphocyte transformation. The ability of human dialyzable transfer factor (TF D ) to confer delayed-type hypersensitivity on an unreactive recipient has been repeatedly demonstrated. Eleven different TF D preparations were chromatographed on Sephadex 6-25 and tested for their ability to augment lymphocyte 3 H-thymidine incorporation in the presence of antigen. A single TF D preparation derived from a donor responsive to only one of these two antigens was then tested. Eight such experiments were performed using four different antigens and five different TF D preparations. In only one of these eight experiments was antigen specificity of the TF D preparation demonstrated. TF D from a coccidioidin (+), histoplasmin (−) donor was tested on lymphocytes from a coccidioidin (-) histoplasmin (−) donor. Increased 3 H-thymidine incorporation was observed only in the presence of coccidioidin and was most marked when fraction II was used. It was found that there was very little change in 3 H-thymidine incorporation in the presence of TF D fractions and in the absence of antigen.
Cassidy R. Sugimoto and Vincent Larivière. Measuring Research: What Everyone Needs to Know . New York: Oxford University Press. 2018. 149p. Paper, $16.95 (ISBN 978-0-19-064012-5). LC 2017-18852.

This book’s title is a bit of a misnomer; the research that is being measured is primarily scientometric or bibliometric research, There is nothing at all wrong with this focus, but buyers and readers should be aware that it does not cover all forms of research in all fields. That said, it is an excellent guide to scientometric research. The authors state the purpose up front: “This book is of a different nature: it provides, in accessible terms, an overview of the historical foundations, key concepts and terms, guides to interpretation, critiques, and recommendations for measuring research” (3). Their summary near the end of the book is, to an extent, a bit clearer as to purpose: “In many ways, measuring research begins with the data. Data providers and indexers must be accountable for ensuring that their data are accurate and transparent, providing information on inclusion criteria or coverage” (122). The latter description is more telling as to the content of the book.
Same sushi, different impressions: a cross-cultural analysis of Yelp reviews

Online reviews are essential digital assets for any service business in the hospitality industry. This study analyzes 76,704 Western (North American and European) and 56,159 Japanese Yelp reviews of Japanese restaurants. We find that Western consumers are more likely to give higher or lower star ratings than are Japanese consumers, while Japanese consumers are more likely to vote on the helpfulness of others’ reviews than are Westerners. Further analyses of the review texts show that Western and Japanese consumers express their sentiments over different dimensions of restaurant experience (food quality, service quality, the physical environment, and price fairness) for the same categories of Japanese dish. Westerners express more sentiments on service quality overall; Japanese customers express more negative sentiments on inferior physical environments and more positive sentiments on price fairness. These findings indicate that culture influences the consumer experience expressed in online reviews. Our study thus offers insights into online travel portals and restaurant practitioners to help them use online reviews wisely and appropriately accommodate customers with varied cultural backgrounds.
217 TRANSGENIC MICE WITH TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β TYPE II RECEPTOR DYSFUNCTION HAVE ATTENUATED HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND REMODELING

We previously demonstrated that rats and mice exposed to chronic hypoxia exhibit increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular and pulmonary vascular remodeling with increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in lung. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is known to increase proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and production of ECM in pulmonary fibroblasts, suggesting a role for TGF-β in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and remodeling. This study tested the hypothesis that mice with dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptors (DNIIR) exhibit blunting of pulmonary hypertension and remodeling in response to hypoxia. Adult male wild-type (WT) and DNIIR mice were exposed to air or 10% O2 for 6 weeks. Mean right ventricular pressure (MRVP) was measured in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing mice as an index of pulmonary hypertension. RV free wall and the left ventricle and septum (LV + S) were weighed. Cross sections of lung were immunostained with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody for quantitaion of transformation of alveolar fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Tissue weights were normalized by body weight using ANCOVA. Results (means ± SE, n = 7,( p
Assessing Free-Space Optical Communications Through 4D Weather Cubes

This study investigates use of a novel data aggregation and interrogation tool, 4D Weather Cubes, and High Performance Computing (HPC)to further enlighten the ongoing debate regarding the potential for terrestrial free space optical (FSO)communications and benefits that might accrue on implementation of hybrid FSO architectures with a millimeter wave backup link. The 4D Weather Cubes were originally developed to accurately assess Directed Energy weapons and sensor performance (at any wavelength/frequency or spectral band)in the absence of field test and employment data. 4D Weather Cubes are the product of efficient processing of large, computationally intensive, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)gridded numerical weather prediction (NWP)data coupled to the verified and validated Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR)atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer code. The 4D Weather Cubes, inclusive of both conventional meteorological parameters, as well as optical features such as atmospheric transmission and turbulence, initialized the High Energy Laser End to End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS)propagation code. HELEEOS provided an additional tier of aggregation through development of comparative percentile performance binning of FSO communication bit error rates as a function of wide-ranging azimuth/elevation, earth-to-space uplinks. The aggregated, comparative bit error rate binning analyses for different regions, times of day and seasons are relevant to point-to-point as well as evolving multi-layer wireless network concepts.
A comparative study of digital video interactive interfaces in the delivery of a code inspection course

Past research into interactive video educational software has focused primarily on comparing the instructional effectiveness of an interactive video course with more traditional media, such as classroom lecture. Typical effectiveness measures include recall performance and attitude shifts. While such research generally finds in favor of the interactive video course, few formal examinations of the course exist to explain these results, including studies into the contributions of the interface design. An interactive digital video code inspection course was used to investigate whether the capabilities of digital video interfaces provide any advantages in an educational computer course. Two by two factorial experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a computer course which included motion video versus one which contained no such video, and the effects of navigating through a series of related still images (surrogate travel) versus clicking a mouse on predefined areas of a single still image. The effects under study were recall performance, and shifts in meaning, measured with semantic scales, toward code inspection-related terms and educational media terms. The code inspection course, developed at the Software Engineering Institute on a Digital Video Interactive platform, was used by seventy-two college seniors and master's students. Each student used one of these four treatments of the course in isolation for up to three hours. The findings suggest that the presence of motion video in interfaces can lead to better recall performance than if no motion video exists in the interface. Material containing some motion video will be recalled better than if the same material is presented as audio with still images. There were also significant differences in the shifts in meaning, calculated by subtracting a pretest score from a post test score, produced by the motion video and navigation independent variables. After the course, the surrogate travel navigation subjects rated code inspection-related terms as more powerful and "classroom instruction" as less powerful than the single still navigation subjects. Subjects receiving motion video shifted their views of code inspection concepts toward more active than did the subjects receiving no motion video.
Predicting Preeclampsia with Noninvasive Measures of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

Objective This study evaluates the assessment of endothelial function and its prediction for preeclampsia among women with high-risk factors. Study Design A prospective cohort study of 107 pregnant women at 20 weeks or greater gestation with risk factors for developing preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry by generating a reactive hyperemia index (RHI) score. An index score of Results Among 107 women, 99 had interpretable RHI scores. Among those with an abnormal RHI (n = 61), 17 (28%) developed preeclampsia. Among women with a normal score (n = 38), six (16%) developed preeclampsia (p = 0.166). After logistic regression, there was no significant association. A receiver operating characteristic plot also revealed no association between RHI score and preeclampsia. Conclusion An abnormal RHI score using peripheral arterial tonometry indicating endothelial dysfunction was not predictive of developing preeclampsia in this cohort. Future studies are needed to further evaluate this relationship.
Making Work Visible.

m hen I asked Mike to describe an educated person to me, he initially spoke of people who tried to impress each other with their talk of politics, mocking their language and tone of voice. I asked him if this meant he didn't want to be educated in that sense. He replied, "I think you can learn something and still be yourself... I mean sure the A looks good, and is going to get you somewhere, but if you get there, and you have no friends, what's the point in your being there? You can have all the money in the world, but if everybody hates you because you're a cocksucker, what can you do about that?" Clearly, Mike implicitly associated acting educated with seeking individual prestige at the expense of working-class solidarity. Several studies of working-class young adults reveal the same loyalties (see, for example, Eckert; Steinitz and Solomon). Mike was a research participant in my ethnography of a first-year research writing class on "Women in the Third World" taught by Rashmi Varma at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) in 1995.1 He was from a South Side Irish working-class background, born into a family of cops (as he put it). Mike's concern for maintaining solidarity with his home culture may have contributed to his discomfort with other students' discussions of the readings in Rashmi's class. Outside of the class, he commented to Rashmi and me that students were being too critical of everything. Although he did not see himself as wholeheartedly supporting the system, as Rashmi put it, he felt the need to take the middle ground in class discussions of postcolonialist issues. In a midsemester conference
Solidarity, Reflection, and Imagination: Exploring Student Formation and Community Engagement from a Faith-Based Anchor Institution Perspective

The Catholic, Jesuit inspired mission of Saint Louis University (SLU) – “the pursuit of truth for the greater glory of God and for the service of humanity” – firmly places serving humanity in line with the institution’s goal for academic excellence. Importantly, service in the tradition of Catholic, Jesuit education is embedded in a broader vocational goal of forming people to build a just and equitable society. It remains to be seen in what manner and to what degree SLU students reflect the qualities such experiences are intended to aid and develop. What follows is an attempt to identify contemporary expressions of Ignatian education, a well-educated solidarity, depth of thought, and depth of imagination, within the students who took part in community engagement activities supported by SLU’s Center for Service and Community Engagement. The present study drew upon assessment data from three distinct undergraduate experiences. Each of the three attributes were evident, either directly or in a latent form appropriate to the nature of the activity and the level of the student participants. While it is not possible to quantify a direct measure, the results indicate that the programs are generally succeeding in promoting an Ignatian inspired formation for its students.
Metabolic Control and "Ideal" Outcomes in Liver Transplantation for Maple Syrup Urine Disease.

Objectives To assess outcomes following liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease by determining attainment and sustainability of metabolic control and apply an “ideal” outcome composite in long-term survivors. Study design A single center, retrospective review collected clinical data including branched-chain amino acid (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) levels following liver transplant and determined achievement of an ideal long-term outcome profile of a first allograft stable on immunosuppression monotherapy, normal growth, and absence of common transplant-related sequelae. Results Of 77 patients meeting inclusion criteria identified, 23 were long-term (≥10-year) survivors and were additionally assessed for ideal outcome attainment. Patient and graft survival were 100% and 99%, respectively, and all patients were on an unrestricted protein intake diet. Although significant variation was noted in mean isoleucine (P Conclusions Liver transplant enables long-term metabolic stability for patients with maple syrup urine disease. A combination of experience and improvement in both pre- and postliver transplantation care has enabled excellent survival and minimal comorbidities following transplant.
Adopting Online Learning in College Developmental Education Coursework: Impact on Course Persistence, Completion, and Subsequent Success

Online learning has been increasing rapidly at community colleges, especially in low-division high-demand coursework, such as developmental education. While existing studies have identified negativ...
Continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring is a dominant source of predictive signal in machine learning for risk stratification and clinical decision support.

Beaulieu-Jones and coworkers propose a litmus test for the field of predictive analytics-performance improvements must be demonstrated to be the result of non-clinician-initiated data, otherwise, there should be caution in assuming that predictive models could improve clinical decision-making (Beaulieu-Joneset al2021). They demonstrate substantial prognostic information in unsorted physician orders made before the first midnight of hospital admission, and we are persuaded that it is fair to ask-if the physician thought of it first, what exactly is machine learning for in-patient risk stratification learning about? While we want predictive analytics to represent the leading indicators of a patient's illness, does it instead merely reflect the lagging indicators of clinicians' actions? We propose that continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring-'routine telemetry data,' in Beaulieu-Jones' terms-represents the most valuable non-clinician-initiated predictive signal present in patient data, and the value added to patient care justifies the efforts and expense required. Here, we present a clinical and a physiological point of view to support our contention.
Transcriptional effects of binary combinations of PFAS in FaO cells

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a large class of structurally diverse chemicals of increasing public concern, mostly due to their chemical stability and undetermined toxicity profiles. In laboratory animals, adverse effects implicated for certain PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in particular, include liver toxicity and the associated metabolic dysregulation, immune and thyroid alterations, reproductive toxicity, and selected tumors. The broad commercialization and environmental distribution of PFAS has drawn attention to the need for understanding risks associated with combined exposure to multiple PFAS in complex mixtures. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether binary combinations of PFAS elicit a molecular response that is either greater than or less than the sum of the individual responses. Exposure of FaO rat hepatoma cells for 24 h to 25 μM–200 μM of the 4- and 8-carbon perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFBA and PFOA) or the 4, 6, and 8-carbon perfluorosulfonic acids (PFBS, PFHxS, and PFOS, respectively) individually caused a dose-dependent increase in PPARα-regulated expression of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (Ehhadh). Potency increased with carbon number, with the carboxylates eliciting a greater transcriptional response than the corresponding sulfonates. Combined exposure to PFOA and PFBA produced an effect that was significantly less than the sum of the individual responses. The response to the combination of PFOA and PFOS produced a summative effect at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. Combined exposures to PFOS and either PFBS or PFHxS at low noncytotoxic concentrations produced a transcriptional effect that was significantly less than the sum of the individual effects. The results demonstrate that among the five structurally related perfluoroalkyl acids included in this investigation, PPARα transcriptional activation in response to combined binary exposures is consistently at or below that predicted by the sum of the individual effects.
Synthesis and Calorimetry of Some Derivatives of Dibenzazepine

Dibenzazepine consists of two aromatic rings connected by a single double bond bridge. The aromatic rings are prevented from assuming a planar configuration by an imide nitrogen bridge. This is shown in the drawing of a model of propionyl dibenzazepine in Figure 1. Construction of such models indicates that substitution on the nitrogen may give rise to compounds in which free rotation in the derivative is seriously hindered. Indeed, chemical evidence of hindrance was found in several dibenzazepine derivatives synthesized as monomers for polymerization studies (1). The N.M.R. spectrum for each derivative revealed rapid inversion of the non-planar dibenzazepine ring and restricted rotation about the C-N and C-C bonds.
Electrical and mechanical activity of rat uterus in vivo during the estrous cycle.

Abstract Electromyograms were obtained from three different locations on the uterus of conscious, unrestrained rats during the 4 days estrous cycle. Intrauterine pressure changes were monitored simultaneously by means of indwelling intraluminal balloons (vol. 0.02 to 0.05 ml.). Electrical activity consisted of bursts of action potentials that were usually initiated at either end of the uterus. Propagated burst activity gave rise to cyclic intrauterine pressure changes, whereas bursts appearing at one electrode only did not elicit any measurable contractions. The rate of intrauterine pressure development depended on the propagation velocity, whereas the tension achieved was related to the duration of burst activity. All three parameters of electrical activity studied, namely, the duration and frequency of spike bursts, as well as their rate of propagation, varied significantly during the cycle. Regional differences were also subject to cyclic variations; thus, in proestrus the bursts originated predominantly at the cervical end, whereas in diestrus they were usually initiated at the ovarian end. Oxytocin stimulated the frequency and duration of bursts along the whole uterus and elicited corresponding changes in intrauterine pressure. Response to oxytocin was dose dependent and modified by cycle stage. Norepinephrine caused a transient prolongation of burst activity that was not dose dependent; epinephrine had a marked dose-dependent inhibitory action. The response to catecholamines did not vary significantly during the cycle. The variations in electrical and mechanical activity were characteristic for each stage of the ovarian cycle and could be correlated with the well-known hormonal changes. High circulating estrogen levels in proestrus are associated with infrequent but rapidly propagated spike bursts, whereas low levels in estrus are associated with frequent and sometimes nonpropaged bursts. The rise in plasma estrogen in diestrus coincides with a decrease in the frequency of burst activity, and the elevated progesterone levels are probably causally related to the significant drop in propagation velocity and the increase in duration of bursts observed in diestrus. These findings are consistent with the concept that estrogen withdrawal activates the estrogen-primed, quiescent myometrium, and that progesterone has an effect similar to that of estrogen withdrawal—at least in the rat.
The Revised Mirror Image Model: Incorporating Long-Run Effects into the Short-Run Mirror Image Teaching Model

This paper presents the Revised Mirror Image Model (RMIM), a teaching tool intended to help economics instructors depict the short and long-run tradeoffs between output, unemployment, prices, and inflation with one visual model. It does so by incorporating the Long Run Rate of Inflation (LI) line, based on the Inflation Adjustment Line (IA) devised by Taylor (2001), into the Short-Run Mirror Image Teaching Model (SRMIM) originally introduced by Poast (2001). After developing the model, the paper demonstrates the RMIM's ability to depict the impact to output, unemployment, prices, and the inflation rate from permanent and transitory demand and supply shocks.
Fractal properties of human heart period variability: physiological and methodological implications.

Fractal frequency scaling of heart period variability is used as a concise index of overall cardiac control. However, no prior study has assessed within-individual reproducibility of fractal indices of heart period, or reported how the estimated indices respond to autonomic blockade. Therefore, we examined fractal properties of the heart period from ten young, healthy individuals during three separate experimental sessions under control (saline) conditions and twice under combined autonomic blockade (atenolol and atropine sulfate) conditions. Under each condition, R-R intervals were recorded with the subject in the supine and the 40 deg upright tilt positions during 20 min of controlled breathing in each position. We calculated the fractal scaling exponent using detrended fluctuation analysis and estimated confidence intervals of the scaling exponents for each R-R interval time series within each individual. In the control condition, upright tilt significantly increased the scaling exponents (from 0.73 ± 0.11 (±s.d., session 1), 0.72 ± 0.10 (session 2) and 0.75 ± 0.13 (session 3) to 0.82 ± 0.12, 0.82 ± 0.11 and 0.84 ± 0.10; Student's paired t-test, t= 2.79, P= 0.02; t= 2.80, P= 0.02; and t= 2.07, P= 0.07). However, neither the absolute scaling exponents nor their change in response to upright tilt were reproducible (Lin's concordance coefficient less than 0.9, P > 0.1 for all comparisons). Following autonomic blockade, the scaling exponents were significantly increased (supine: 1.08 ± 0.13 and 1.08 ± 0.14; tilt: 1.07 ± 0.21 and 1.08 ± 0.14) for both experimental sessions (two-way repeated-measures ANOVA; F17,1= 40.89, P < 0.001 and F17,1= 42.72, P < 0.001) regardless of position. However, within individuals, the scaling exponents failed to distinguish between control and blockade for half of the subjects in at least one experimental session. Thus, fractal scaling exponents are not reproducible within individuals and do not reliably reflect the autonomic mechanisms responsible for heart period variability. In fact, data from combined blockade suggest that physiological effects of autonomic outflow may mask intrinsic fractal behaviour of the sinoatrial node.
The Confuciusornis Sanctus: An Examination of Chinese Cultural Property Law and Policy in Action

This Article highlights the issues surrounding the international movement of cultural property by examining them in the context of fossil smuggling from China. The story of the Confuciusornis sanctus and a Chinese case concerning stolen fossilized dinosaur eggs serve as case studies for examination of the issues raised by the movement of cultural property between source states and market states. These cases also make vivid the deficiencies in the Chinese legal regime which is designed to protect and retain fossils in China. The Article concludes that the laws now in place are not adequate and that increased emphasis on non-legal measures to proted fossils would be more effective.
A spectral method for three-dimensional elastodynamic fracture problems

We present a numerical formulation for three-dimensional elastodynamic problems of fracture on planar cracks and faults. Stress and displacement components are given a spectral representation as finite Fourier series in space coordinates parallel to the fracture plane. The formulation is based on an exact representation, involving a convolution integral for each Fourier mode, of the elastodynamic relation existing between the time-dependent Fourier coefficients for the tractions acting on the fracture plane and for the resulting displacement discontinuities. A wide range of constitutive models can be used to relate the local value of the strength on the fracture plane with the displacement and velocity history. Efficiency of the code is achieved by using an explicit time integration scheme and by computing the conversion between the spatial and spectral distributions through a FFT algorithm. The method is particularly suited to implementation on massively parallel computers; a CM-5 was used in this work. The stability and precision of the formulation are discussed for tensile (mode 1) situations in a detailed modal analysis, and numerical results are compared with existing three-dimensional elastodynamic solutions. The adequacy of the method to investigate various three-dimensional dynamic fracture problems involving non-propagating and propagating tensile cracks is illustrated, including crack growth along a plane of heterogeneous fracture toughness.
Chronic lead exposure attenuates ethanol-induced hypoalgesia.

Abstract Adult male rats were exposed to drinking fluid containing either 500 ppm lead acetate (group lead), or an equivalent concentration of sodium acetate (group control) for 61 days prior to pain reactivity testing using a tail-flick procedure. Rats were placed in restraining tubes for a 20 min acclimation period, and then baseline tail-flick latencies in response to a radiant heat source were measured. Subsequently, half the animals from each group were serially injected IP with either 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 g/kg body weight of a 20% v/v ethanol solution, and the other half were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. Tail-flick latencies were reassessed at 20-min intervals over the next 2 h. Results indicated dose-dependent ethanol-induced hypoalgesia at all doses, but at the two higher doses the magnitude of the hypoalgesic response was significantly greater in the group control animals than in the group lead animals across the 2-h postinjection period. Results discussed in terms of an attenuation of the pharmacological properties of ethanol by lead.
The electronic structure of 4H-pyran-4-one and its sulfur analogues

The electronic structure of 4-H-pyran-4-one and its sulfur analogues were studied using ab initio wave-functions. Bond lengths and overlap populations suggest low aromaticity for this group of compounds. Examination of Jorgensen plots of the lowest π orbitals of I--IV leads to the aromaticity order 4H-thiopyran-4-thione (IV) > 4H-thiopyran-4-one (II) > 4H-pyran-4-thione (III) > 4H-pyran-4-one (I). The effects of including d orbitals were studied using the 3-21G, 3-21G* (6d), and 3-21G* (5d) basis sets. Optimized bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, ionization energies, and dipole moments were also obtained, and results for different basis sets were compared.
Heat‐induced cytotoxicity in H2O2‐resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts

Hydrogen-peroxide-resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts, derived from the HA-1 cell line, were isolated following continuous culturing in the presence of progressively increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen-peroxide-resistant phenotype has been stable for over 360 days following removal from H2O2 stress. These H2O2-resistant cell lines demonstrate increased resistance to hyperthermic cell killing mediated by continuous heating at 43 degrees C but not 45 degrees C. The relationship between mammalian cellular adaptation to oxidative stress mediated by H2O2 and resistance to 43 degrees C hyperthermia is discussed.
Getting our own house in order: improving psychiatry education to medical students as a prelude to medical school education reform.

Objective The authors summarize efforts to revitalize psychiatry teaching to medical students at Harvard Medical School (HMS) in advance of a major overhaul of the medical school curriculum.
Aging and the perception of a racket's sweet spot

Abstract Young adults are able to perceive an implement's center of percussion (CP) or “sweet spot,” and to distinguish it from the implement's length, simply on the basis of wielding. Given the known changes in mechanoreceptors with aging, two experiments assessed these perceptual abilities in older adults (ranging in age from 62 to 89 years with an average of 69.2). They, too, distinguished length from the sweet spot simply on the basis of wielding, both for tennis rackets (Experiment 1) and for bats contrived from wooden rods with attached masses (Experiment 2). Results conformed to previous research on dynamic touch in showing that perceiving the extents of wielded objects is constrained by the moments of the objects' mass distributions. Moreover, so-called young–old plots were linear – older peoples' perceptions were predicted by younger peoples' perceptions – implicating a common underlying mechanism for the two age groups. Nonetheless, the perceived-to-actual functions were generally flatter for elderly participants. How aging might compromise the functioning of dynamic touch was discussed in terms of fractal organization and functional limitations.
Leaf methanol — the simplest natural product from plants

Current interest in the chemistry of the atmosphere has led to the identification of methanol as one of the major organic compounds in forest air and in the troposphere. Analysis of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from leaves has revealed that most plants emit methanol, especially during early stages of leaf expansion — it is probably produced as a by-product of pectin metabolism during cell wall synthesis, and a fraction of this pool is then emitted through stomata during transpiration. There is also evidence that leaf methanol supports an abundant population of epiphytic bacterial methylotrophs. Application of methanol to leaves enhances the growth and yield of C 3 plants, although the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is uncertain.
Consumer behavior at an industrial travel show

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavior of consumers in an industrial trade show context – the ITB tourism trade show.Design/methodology/approach – The current study addresses whether it is strategically astute to allow final consumers into an industrial trade show. Using a mall intercept method, questions were designed to elicit whether final consumers mimic industrial segments of current, potential or nonusers? Are they repeat or first time? How serious are they? Where in the search process are they? Are they product specific or simply engaged in information collection? How do they search? How are booth choices made?Findings – Participants are current or potential and typically repeat. They are motivated and directed with booth choices being pre‐planned.Research limitations/implications – The limitations of convenience samples apply here. Study should be repeated. Future research should address whether consumers be allowed into other types of industrial trade shows.Practical impli...
Apraxia of speech in patients with Broca's aphasia: A study of phoneme production accuracy and error patterns

Abstract Phonetic analyses were made of the articulatory errors of ten Broca's aphasics with apraxia of speech. Presentation mode, phoneme position, and phoneme frequency-of-occurrence were related to phoneme difficulty. Consonant clusters were more difficult than consonant singletons; vowels were easiest. Substitution, addition, and compound errors predominated, while distortions and omissions were much less frequent. A subphonemic feature analysis of substitution and distortion errors showed a majority of errors to be close approximations to target phonemes.
Glassy liquid crystals Observation of a quenched twisted nematic

Abstract A twisted nematic liquid crystalline layer has been rapidly solidified by exposure to liquid nitrogen. The resultant glass retained the macroscopic and microscopic liquid crystalline order.
Use of Known‐Biomass Production Models to Determine Productivity of West Coast Groundfish Stocks

Abstract Known-biomass production models use a biomass time series produced by a stock assessment and thereby avoid the imprecision associated with estimating a catchability coefficient. Fluctuations or trends in known biomass are fully as informative as catch (which is used in conventional production models) in estimating stock productivity. Known-biomass production models provide a useful supplement to stock–recruitment models and can serve as a cross-check on the sensibility of stock–recruitment model results. Application of known-biomass production models (ASPIC) to eight stocks of West Coast groundfish shows that current abundances (B) are moderately to seriously below those associated with the maximum sustainable yield (MSY; B is less than B MSY in six of eight cases and less than one-half of B MSY in four of those cases). Recent exploitation rates are lower than those in earlier years and in most cases are now near their appropriate levels, including the rates for stocks that are rebuilding. Harves...
In-Stream Data Processing for Tactical Environments

Data dissemination and information management technologies for tactical environments are quickly becoming major areas of research for both military and civilian applications. Critical to the problem is the need for fully distributed information management technologies that are efficient, adaptive and resilient. In this paper, we introduce and discuss a new strategy for tactical data dissemination and processing based on distributed online learning. Starting from a formal description of the problem we introduce our proposed solution and its theoretical properties. We also present and discuss a number of simulation experiments for different data dissemination scenarios, and conclude the work with a discussion on how such techniques may be applied to critical e-government environments under different assumptions of service availability and information release policies.
Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons produce volatile Salmonella mutagens

Abstract Production of volatile mutagenic metabolites from 5 halogenated promutagens was examined by a simple modification of the conventional Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. This method incorporates the taping together of 2 agar plates face to face during the initial portion of their incubation at 37°C. By varying the contents of the soft agar in each of the two plates with respect to promutagen, S9 and tester strain cells, mutagenesis due to volatile promutagens and their metabolites could be quantitated separately. Using the taped plate assay, volatile mutagenic metabolites were detected from the promutagens 3-(2-chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene, the herbicides diallate, triallate and sulfallate, and the flame-retardant tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP). All compounds except Tris-BP were also found to be volatile promutagens. The mutagenic metabolites accounted for 50–80% of the activity of these compounds observed in the standard assay. Moreover, our studies suggest that a small, but appreciable percentage of the mutagenic metabolites from all 5 compounds escaped detection in the conventional, untaped assay. Mutagenic activity of the volatile mutagenic metabolites from diallate was quenched by various Salmonella tester strains independent of their responsiveness to diallate mutagenesis. Detection of volatile mutagen formation from diallate was also prevented by cysteine and glutathione, but not by DNA or metyrapone. This taped plate method for the Salmonella assay should facilitate future investigations of the detection, isolation and identification of volatile mutagenic metabolites from other promutagenic compounds or mixtures.
The Evolving Role of the Diabetes Educator

The roles of the diabetes educator (DE) have expanded significantly from the basic instruction on self-care on which the profession was established and now encompass a range of key responsibilities within diabetes care. A major focus of recent literature has been evaluation of the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education for such factors as reducing the incidence of diabetes, improving clinical parameters and improving medication adherence. This review describes how DEs and diabetes educational services have impacted patient health, how the role of the DE has changed in the past decade and what roles these professionals may serve in the evolving paradigm of primary care for patients with diabetes. Looking forward, the integration of DEs into coordinated care teams will likely increase to meet the challenges associated with providing quality care to a rapidly expanding population with type 2 diabetes.
Crystallization of Poly(L-/D-Lactide) in the Presence of Electric Fields

We report, for the first time, an enhancement in melt crystallization kinetics of poly(L-/D-lactide) (a type-A1 polymer) in the presence of static electric fields as observed through measurement of the complex viscosity. Static electric fields of varying intensity (0–2.4 × 105 V m−1) are applied directly to the crystallizing polylactide melt at five different temperatures. The crystallization rate enhancement increases both with crystallization temperature and applied electric field intensity. An XRD analysis and optical microscopy studies allows us to attribute this to increased nucleation in the presence of an electric field. A technique allowing for the estimation of the rate of homogeneous nucleation induced by the electric field is developed.
The localization of electron wavefunctions in a one-dimensional disordered chain

Abstract The localization length λ for a disordered linear chain is derived in terms of the density of states. The relationship of λ to other localization criteria and the d.c. conductivity is discussed.
Is adjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma beneficial? A meta-analysis of an unanswered question.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect, if any, on survival of adjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma. A systematic review of the published literature was undertaken. Survival estimates were derived from published reports. Five prospective studies (4 level I, 1 level II) with a total of 607 (229 surgery only; 378 surgery- adjuvant) patients followed for survival met selection criteria. Two-year survival ranged from 15%–37% in the surgery only group and 37%–43% in the surgery and adjuvant groups. The survival advantage (absolute difference) ranged from 3%–27% and no individual study achieved statistical significance (5%). Although clinical heterogeneity existed in surgery-alone control groups with regard to trial date, no statistical heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.459, χ2 test), allowing pooling of survival data. Using a fixed effects model, the summary estimate showed an absolute 2-year survival benefit with adjuvant therapy of 12% (95% CI, 3%–21%, P = 0.011). Trials after 1997 (n = 3) indicated a survival benefit of 8% to patients receiving adjuvant therapy (95 % CI, −3–18 %, P = 0.145). The result was not statistically significant, and there was no evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0.626, χ2 test). Summary estimates were unchanged when the analysis was performed with a random effects model. 5-FU based chemotherapy with radiotherapy given after resection imparts a small overall survival benefit of 2 years. The benefit of 5FU-based adjuvant therapy, however, has declined in recent years, and its significance remains unproven in the context of current diagnostic and surgical practice.
Pulsed Laser Micro Polishing: An Analytical Method for Predicting Surface Finish

This project is focused on developing physics based models to predict the outcome of pulsed laser micro polishing (PLμP). Perry et al. [1–3] have modeled PLμP as oscillations of capillary waves with damping resulting from the forces of surface tension and viscosity. They have proposed a critical spatial frequency, fcr , above which a significant reduction in the amplitude of the spatial Fourier components is expected. The current work extends the concept of critical spatial frequency to the prediction of the spatial frequency content and average surface roughness after polishing, given the features of the original surface, the material properties, and laser parameters used for PLμP. The proposed prediction methodology was tested using PLμP results for Nickel, Ti6Al4V, and stainless steel 316L with initial average surface roughnesses from 70 nm to 190 nm. The predicted average surface roughnesses were within 10% to 15% of the values measured on the polished surfaces. The results show that the critical frequency continues to be a useful predictor of polishing results in the spatial frequency domain. The laser processing parameters, as represented by the critical frequency and the initial surface texture therefore can be used to predict the final surface roughness before actually implementing PLμP.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Preparing Students for the 21st Century: Alternative (Re)writings in Contemporary Feminist Thought

As communication studies enters the 21st century, feminism continues to inform our theory and practice. Aldoory and Toth (2001) observe that communication scholars expanded our understanding of history, methodology, epistemology, identity, media representations, political economy, interpersonal discourse, rhetoric, workplace communication, pedagogy and new technologies by adopting feminist perspectives. Despite these gains, many scholars note that feminism in academia is dominated by white women, and often allows little space for non-white (e.g., Flores, 1996; hooks, 1984; Minh-Ha, 1991) and younger voices in the feminist movement (e.g., Baumgardner & Richards, 2000; Findlen, 1995). Given these critiques, educators must seek to adopt texts that emphasize alternative voices in the feminist movement. As feminism becomes more visible to students, greater numbers of young women resist the label of “feminist” (Cooks, 2001), specifically in educational contexts (Luke & Gore, 1992). The purpose of this review is to introduce three new books that can assist educators with these discussions in the classroom. Each text would be appropriate for use in an undergraduate course, and all provide multiple avenues for discussing the intersections of gender, race, class, and sexuality. Sara Weir and Constance Faulkner’s anthology, Voice of a New Generation: A Feminist Anthology, provides readers with narrative expressions of young feminists on a variety of intersecting social issues. Weir and Faulkner note that their primary
Suppurative arthritis due to Hemophilus influenzae

Summary A case of suppurative arthritis of the left shoulder, due to H. influenzae , with an associated septicemia, serous arthritis of the left metatarsophalangeal joint, otitis media, and bronchopneumonia in a seven-month-old infant has been presented. Recovery followed treatment with repeated blood transfusions and open drainage of the joint. A review of the literature indicates that H. influenzae is an important etiologic agent in the suppurative arthritides of infants.
American College of Radiology White Paper on MR Safety

he following is a report of the American College of Radiology Blue Ribbon Panel on MR Safety, chaired by Emanuel Kanal, MD, FACR, to the Task Force on Patient Safety, chaired by James P. Borgstede, MD, FACR. Under the auspices of the Task Force, the panel met in November 2001 consisting of the following members: A. James Barkovich, MD; Charlotte Bell, MD, (Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation); James P. Borgstede, MD, FACR; William G. Bradley, MD, PhD, FACR; Joel Felmlee, PhD; Jerry W. Froelich, MD; Ellisa M. Kaminski, RTR, MR; Emanuel Kanal, MD, FACR; Elaine K. Keeler, PhD, (NEMA); James W. Lester, MD; Elizabeth Scoumis, RN, BSN; Loren A. Zaremba, PhD (FDA); and Marie D. Zinninger (American College of Radiology Staff). The following document is intended to be used as a template for MR facilities to follow in the development of an MR safety program. Recent articles in the medical literature and electronic/print media [1, 2] detailing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) adverse incidents involving patients, equipment, and personnel spotlighted the need for review. The Panel was charged with reviewing MR safety practices and guidelines and issuing new ones as appropriate for MR examinations and practices today [3–7]. The document restates existing practices and articulates new ones. This document will continue to evolve, as does the MRI field. There are potential risks in the MR environment, not only for the patient but also for the accompanying family members, attending health care professionals, and others who find themselves only occasionally or rarely in the magnetic fields of MR scanners, such as security or housekeeping personnel, firefighters, police, etc. These MR Safe Practices Guidelines have been developed to help guide MR practitioners regarding these issues and provide a basis for them to develop and implement their own MR policies and practices. It is intended that these MR Safe Practice Guidelines (and the policies and procedures to which they give rise) be reviewed and updated on a regular basis. It is the intent of the American College of Radiology (ACR) that these MR Safe Practice Guidelines will be helpful as the field of MR evolves and matures, providing patient MR services that are among the most powerful, yet safest, of all diagnostic procedures to be developed in the history of modern medicine.
Three Accounts of the Grammatical Morpheme Difficulties of English-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment

Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the grammatical morpheme difficulties observed in the speech of children with specific language impairment. Three of the accounts that could be evaluated in English were the focus of this study: the extended optional infinitive account, the implicit rule deficit account, and the surface account. Preschoolers with specific language impairment, a group of age controls, and a group of younger children matched for mean length of utterance were evaluated in their use of several theory-relevant grammatical morphemes. The findings revealed advantages for both the surface and extended optional infinitive hypotheses. In contrast, a test of the predictions based on the implicit rule deficit account suggested that the children studied here were not experiencing a deficit of this type.