cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AND-34/BCAR3 regulates adhesion-dependent p130Cas serine phosphorylation and breast cancer cell growth pattern

NSP protein family members associate with p130Cas, a focal adhesion adapter protein best known as a Src substrate that integrates adhesion-related signaling. Over-expression of AND-34/BCAR3/NSP2 (BCAR3), but not NSP1 or NSP3, induces anti-estrogen resistance in human breast cancer cell lines. BCAR3 over-expression in epithelial MCF-7 cells augments levels of a phosphorylated p130Cas species that migrates more slowly on SDS-PAGE while NSP1 and NSP3 induce modest or no phosphorylation, respectively. Conversely, reduction in BCAR3 expression in mesenchymal MDA-231 cells by inducible shRNA results in loss of such p130Cas phosphorylation. Replacement of NSP3's serine/proline-rich domain with that of AND-34/BCAR3 instills the ability to induce p130Cas phosphorylation. Phospho-amino acid analysis demonstrates that BCAR3 induces p130Cas serine phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry identified phosphorylation at p130Cas serines 139, 437 and 639. p130Cas serine phosphorylation accumulates for several hours after adhesion of MDA-231 cells to fibronectin and is dependent upon BCAR3 expression. BCAR3 knockdown alters p130Cas localization and converts MDA-231 growth to an epithelioid pattern characterized by striking cohesiveness and lack of cellular projections at colony borders. These studies demonstrate that BCAR3 regulates p130Cas serine phosphorylation that is adhesion-dependent, temporally distinct from previously well-characterized rapid Fak and Src kinase-mediated p130Cas tyrosine phosphorylation and that correlates with invasive phenotype.
Bereavement Groups and Their Benefits: Enhancing Connection through Creativity.

Abstract This article provides a brief discussion of the various types of grief and posits that the many types, particularly disenfranchised, lend themselves to recovery through reconnection. Bereavement groups offer a particularly useful means of connection with a larger grieving community and allow validation from others along with personalization of loss. Additionally, the use of creativity creates deeper and more meaningful connections with self and others. Finally, the article ends with counseling considerations and two case examples.
Dynamic characterization of the rectangular piston seal in a disk-caliper braking system using analytical and experimental methods

A new simplified, yet representative experiment of a floating dual-piston disk-caliper braking system is designed to isolate the rectangular seal and the piston–bore chamber from the complexities of a braking system. The physical sources of the stiffness and damping mechanisms associated with the seal during an applied pressure event are identified and quantified under harmonic excitation. A tractable analytical model of the experiment that incorporates the identified dynamic seal properties is proposed. This linear time-invariant model describes the governing equations of both the hydraulic brake system components and the mechanical caliper components and provides some insights into a seemingly nonlinear system. For a range of pressure amplitudes and brake configurations, excellent agreement between predictions and measurements is obtained for the peak-to-peak values of the piston–bore chamber pressure, the force transmitted by the pistons, and the caliper displacement. The proposed model and experiment ...
Affective Responses to Autobiographical Memories and Their Relationship to Long‐Term Goals

It was hypothesized that affective responses to memories could be predicted from a memory's relevance to the attainment or nonattainment of an individual's long-term goals. In Study 1, 30 subjects received 15 goals, based upon Murray's (1938) needs, as cues to retrieve memories. They rated both affective responses to memories and the relevance of the memories to the attainment of the cuing goal. On average, affective responses were significantly correlated with the relevance of the memories to goal attainment. In Study 2, 62 subjects retrieved 20 memories from four different content categories and rated the relevance of each memory to the attainment of all 15 goals. Factor analysis yielded three goal factors—avoidance, self-gratification, and academic accomplishment. Depending upon the memory content (family, friends, school, or activities), memories varied in how much the affect they evoked was related to the attainment of particular goals. Goals played a differentiated role in subjects' current affect about past events.
Management of polyamine pools and the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase

The management of polyamine synthesis and polyamine pools differs fundamentally from that of most other small molecular-weight endproducts. The polyamines are vital to growth and important cellular functions, but they are toxic in excess. I argue here that their multivalent cationic character, leading to binding to cell constituents, precludes fluent feedback inhibition of synthesis. This has led to the development of elaborate alternative regulatory mechanisms controlling ornithine decarboxylase, the key initial enzyme of the pathway. Poorly regulated polyamine synthesis and the toxicity of polyamines impose upon cells a need to control uptake and to dispose of excess polyamines. Recent data on polyamine transport suggest unorthodox mechanisms of accomplishing these functions.
Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides targeting intronic repressor Element1 improve phenotype in SMA mouse models

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of Survival Motor Neuron-1 (SMN1). In all SMA patients, a nearly identical copy gene called SMN2 is present, which produces low levels of functional protein owing to an alternative splicing event. To prevent exon-skipping, we have targeted an intronic repressor, Element1 (E1), located upstream of SMN2 exon 7 using Morpholino-based antisense oligonucleotides (E1(MO)-ASOs). A single intracerebroventricular injection in the relatively severe mouse model of SMA (SMNΔ7 mouse model) elicited a robust induction of SMN protein, and mean life span was extended from an average survival of 13 to 54 days following a single dose, consistent with large weight gains and a correction of the neuronal pathology. Additionally, E1(MO)-ASO treatment in an intermediate SMA mouse (SMN(RT) mouse model) significantly extended life span by ∼700% and weight gain was comparable with the unaffected animals. While a number of experimental therapeutics have targeted the ISS-N1 element of SMN2 pre-mRNA, the development of E1 ASOs provides a new molecular target for SMA therapeutics that dramatically extends survival in two important pre-clinical models of disease.
MUC1-C Oncoprotein Promotes STAT3 Activation in an Autoinductive Regulatory Loop

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated in human breast cancer and other malignancies. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric cell surface glycoprotein that is overexpressed in human carcinomas and, like STAT3, promotes cell survival and induces transformation. We found that in breast cancer cells, the MUC1 carboxyl-terminal receptor subunit (MUC1-C) associates with the gp130-Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1)-STAT3 complex. The MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain interacted directly with JAK1 and STAT3, and MUC1-C was necessary for JAK1-mediated STAT3 activation. In turn, MUC1-C and activated STAT3 occupied the promoter of MUC1, and MUC1-C contributed to STAT3-mediated activation of MUC1 transcription. The MUC1-C inhibitor GO-201 blocked the MUC1-C interaction with STAT3, thereby decreasing MUC1-C and STAT3 occupancy on the MUC1 and STAT3 promoters and activation of STAT3 target genes, including MUC1 itself. These findings indicate that MUC1-C promotes STAT3 activation and that MUC1-C and STAT3 function in an autoinductive loop that may play a role in cancer cell survival.
Economic analysis of greenhouse lighting: light emitting diodes vs. high intensity discharge fixtures.

Lighting technologies for plant growth are improving rapidly, providing numerous options for supplemental lighting in greenhouses. Here we report the photosynthetic (400–700 nm) photon efficiency and photon distribution pattern of two double-ended HPS fixtures, five mogul-base HPS fixtures, ten LED fixtures, three ceramic metal halide fixtures, and two fluorescent fixtures. The two most efficient LED and the two most efficient double-ended HPS fixtures had nearly identical efficiencies at 1.66 to 1.70 micromoles per joule. These four fixtures represent a dramatic improvement over the 1.02 micromoles per joule efficiency of the mogul-base HPS fixtures that are in common use. The best ceramic metal halide and fluorescent fixtures had efficiencies of 1.46 and 0.95 micromoles per joule, respectively. We also calculated the initial capital cost of fixtures per photon delivered and determined that LED fixtures cost five to ten times more than HPS fixtures. The five-year electric plus fixture cost per mole of photons is thus 2.3 times higher for LED fixtures, due to high capital costs. Compared to electric costs, our analysis indicates that the long-term maintenance costs are small for both technologies. If widely spaced benches are a necessary part of a production system, the unique ability of LED fixtures to efficiently focus photons on specific areas can be used to improve the photon capture by plant canopies. Our analysis demonstrates, however, that the cost per photon delivered is higher in these systems, regardless of fixture category. The lowest lighting system costs are realized when an efficient fixture is coupled with effective canopy photon capture.
Species traits as generalized predictors of forest community response to human disturbance

Abstract During the past decade, substantial effort has been aimed at identifying a group of easily measured, widely applicable plant traits that could serve as a metric to predict temporal change in plant communities. Traits that transcend regional differences in species composition and ecological conditions through their consistent response to disturbance would give managers a simple tool for tracking ongoing and future forest change in response to human disturbance. Although a wide range of plant traits has been associated with human disturbance, consistent traits have not emerged in the literature. However, this may due to differences in methodology among studies. Previously collected data from two eastern deciduous forest floras of North America (Iowa and Massachusetts) allowed us to evaluate whether such traits emerged, while controlling for methodological differences. We created a plot × traits matrix for each site and ordinated them used using principal components analysis (PCA) to identify disturbance gradients. We then assessed how well the traits most strongly associated with the disturbance gradients corresponded. The data sets shared only 4 of the 12 traits associated with disturbance and 6 of 12 traits associated with undisturbed sites. We did not find a consistent association between dispersal limitation and undisturbed sites or high dispersal capacity associated with disturbed sites. However, in both data sets degree of habitat specialization was an important variable on both ends of the disturbance gradient. Habitat generalists were associated with disturbance and habitat specialists were associated with more pristine sites in both data sets. These results agree with the findings of a wide range of site-specific studies, and we therefore propose that this variable is a promising candidate trait to provide a signal of forest community response to human disturbance. Our results are should be particularly encouraging for managers because in many regions morphological trait data are not readily available, and compiling such data is a very time-intensive task and unlikely to be feasible for most managers to undertake. With a list of species and a published flora, upwards of several hundred species can quickly be coded for degree of habitat specialization and used to track the impact of current disturbance, to predict future impacts, and to target specific species for reintroduction or restoration.
A novel sine PWM scheme using waveform generators

The paper presents a novel circuit for generating the sine PWM control signals for a single phase inverter. Waveform generating ICs based on a JFET are used to generate the synchronized sine and triangular waveforms with a high accuracy and wide range of frequencies. Experimental waveforms and frequency spectra of inverter output voltage are presented. >
UNDERSTANDING DISTRESSED FATHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF LEGAL AND RELATIONAL INEQUITIES POSTDIVORCE

This study examines distressed fathers' perceptions of inequity about their experiences related to the divorce process, custody, visitation, and child support. A content analysis of men's subjective responses to an open-ended survey question revealed dissatisfactions with the legal system and emotional hardships associated with divorce. Fathers expressed strong negative feelings about discrimination from the legal system. Relational inequities centered around the ex-wife and her perceived responsibility for problems with the courts and relationships with children.
Multicultural Issues in Autism

The professional literature provides ample evidence that individuals with autism exhibit a myriad of unusual social, communication, and behavioral patterns of interactions that present challenges to their families and service providers. However, there is a dearth of quality works on multicultural issues regarding autistic spectrum disorders. In this article, we explore issues surrounding autism and multiculturalism, with the intent not to provide answers but to raise questions for further examination. We focus our discussions on two primary issues: autism within cultural groups and multicultural family adaptation based on the framework of pluralistic societies in which some cultural groups are a minority within the dominant culture. We found differences in prevalence rates across races for autism and little information regarding how multicultural families adapt to raising a child with autism. Further, students with multicultural backgrounds and autism are challenged on at least four dimensions: communication, social skills, behavioral repertoires, and culture. Future research in these areas is clearly warranted.
Generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase power systems

A generalized theory of instantaneous reactive power for three-phase power systems is proposed in this paper. This theory gives a generalized definition of instantaneous reactive power, which is valid for sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal, balanced or unbalanced, three-phase power systems with or without zero-sequence currents and/or voltages. The properties and physical meanings of the newly defined instantaneous reactive power are discussed in detail. A three-phase harmonic distorted power system with zero-sequence components is then used as an example to show reactive power measurement and compensation using the proposed theory.
Valuation of Metropolitan Quality of Life in Wages and Rents

This analysis uses intermetropolitan differences in quality of life to estimate the value that residents place on metropolitan amenities and disamenities in land and labor markets. Using individual-level data from the 1980 and 1990 Census of Population and Housing merged with metropolitan-level economic, social, and environmental factors, it estimates hedonic wage and rent equations to derive the value of amenities and disamenities for 257 metropolitan areas in the United States. Additionally, the extent to which capitalization of urban amenities and disamenities changes over time is examined. Results show that the valuation of the urban environment changes over time. Amenities appear to play a stronger role in the housing market compared to the labor market. Capitalization appears to adjust in a dynamic process resulting from disequilibrium in the marketplace and/or changes in consumer preferences.
Easily Solvable Cases of Robust Discrete Optimization Problems

While the last chapter points out the difficulty associated with solving many classes of robust discrete optimization problems, the current chapter has an optimistic tone by describing polynomially solvable problems. The main source of difficulty of robust optimization problems comes from its min-max (or max-min) nature and its added dimensionality — the scenario sets. In many cases where both the decision variables and the scenario sets are continuous, the minimization and the maximization operations commute (order interchangeable), and thus the problem is much easier to solve. However, commutability requirement is a luxury in discrete optimization. Even the primal and its relaxation dual will in most cases inevitably lead to a gap between the corresponding objective values. We believe that the number of polynomially solvable discrete robust optimization problems is very limited.
The in vitro effect of dieldrin on respiration of rat liver mitochondria.

SummaryThe in vitro effect of dieldrin (HEOD) on respiration of rat liver mitochondria was studied. It was found that HEOD inhibited mitochondrial respiration at a site prior to the DNP-sensitive coupling site. Further work showed that HEOD inhibited electron transport in the mitochondrial electron chain in the cytochrome B area; terminal chain electron transport was not effected by HEOD. The effect of HEOD was dependent upon the level of mitochondrial protein and not on the molar concentration of the pesticide in the reaction mixture.
Bran data of total flavonoid and total phenolic contents, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and profiles of proanthocyanidins and whole grain physical traits of 32 red and purple rice varieties

Phytochemicals in red and purple bran rice have potential health benefit to humans. We determined the phytochemicals in brans of 32 red and purple global rice varieties. The description of the origin and physical traits of the whole grain (color, length, width, thickness and 100-kernel weight) of this germplasm collection are provided along with data of total flavonoid and total phenolic contents, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and total proanthocyanidin contents. The contents and proportions of individual oligomers, from degree of polymerization of monomers to 14-mers, and polymers in bran of these 32 rice varieties are presented (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.004) [1].
Consideration of the versatility of the Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats CubeSat design

The Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats (OPEN) was created with the goal of providing institutions worldwide with access to a set of low-cost designs that could be easily modified and augmented for mission-specific needs. The basic design set has been created for and used to construct the University of North Dakota's OpenOrbiter CubeSat, which is currently awaiting a NASA launch awarded through the Educational Launch of Nanosatellites program. This paper considers the value of the OPEN design in the context of re-use through the presentation and analysis of several other missions that have successfully made use of elements of the design. These include deployable solar panel development, a power beaming demonstration mission and developing a space 3D printer.
User Capabilities Versus Device Task Demands in a Tape Dispenser Product for Persons with Limited Dexterity

The creation of a product that will be effective in aiding users who have physical limitations presents a designer with many difficult challenges. Users of assistive devices represent a continuum of abilities (Cook et al. 2008), from those with slight to moderate disabilities who may have more general needs to those with more severe disabilities who may have very unique and specific needs. An assistive device may therefore function well for one group of users but poorly for another. This continuum can be a challenge for a company as it often results in small, niche markets for such devices (Cowan and Turner-Smith 1999). It is also a challenge for designers because they draw upon their own experiences and knowledge while investigating potential solutions to a design problem (Norman 1988). Designers are trained to imagine themselves in the shoes of the user (Nieusma 2004). But since most do not themselves suffer from physical limitations, it is much more difficult to imagine themselves in the shoes of a user who has lost some basic ability to interact with the world that the designer can take for granted. Even if the designer has a physical limitation, unless it is of the same type and severity as the target user’s, it may not provide much relevant personal experience to draw upon. Tools or other guidance that can aid designers in eliminating interactions with products that might pose a barrier to use can be important in improving a product’s effectiveness as well as an end user’s level of satisfaction. This paper will investigate the link between devices designed to aid in the task of taping closed a box and common ergonomic measurements of dexterity.
The endocrinology of adolescence.

A chronological description of the “normal” events of the endocrine system from late prepuberty to adulthood helps the physician to recognize pathological conditions that may occur during adolescence.
Defining the Salvage Time Window for the Use of Ischemic Postconditioning in Skeletal Muscle Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the optimal salvage time window within which ischemic postconditioning can be used to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in skeletal muscle. METHODS A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: I/R only (control) and I/R with postconditioning. Subgroups were divided by duration of ischemia (2, 4, 6, and 8 hours). A pedicled gracilis muscle model was used. The postconditioning protocol consisted of six cycles of 15 seconds of reperfusion followed by 15 seconds of ischemia (total time = 3 minutes). Muscles were harvested 24 hours after I/R injury to examine tissue viability, histology, myeloperoxidase activity, and protective gene expression. RESULTS Postconditioning groups showed improved muscle viability after 4 and 6 hours of ischemia time as compared with controls (p < 0.05). Higher expression of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and Bcl-2 were observed in the postconditioning group after 4 and 6 hours of ischemia (p < 0.05). Lower expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and caspase 3 was observed in the postconditioning group at 4 hours (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was similar in both groups at all-time points except 8 hours ischemia, where the control group had higher activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results of this study demonstrate that the effective time window within which postconditioning is most effective for the salvage of skeletal muscle is between 4 and 6 hours of ischemia. Postconditioning offered improved mitochondrial and vascular function with decreased inflammation and cell death. This may be clinically useful as a postinjury salvage technique to attenuate I/R injury after 4 to 6 hours of ischemia.
The Turning Point for Alzheimer’s

There is general agreement that the ability of the brain to maintain normal cognitive function is dependent on optimal blood flow delivery to brain cells. The brain needs nutrients to carry out normal neurometabolism, neurotransmission, cognitive tasks, and conscious awareness. Lacking nutrients from insufficient cerebral blood flow results in a subnormal cerebral state vulnerable to neurodegeneration and dementia. This is a biological fact that is uncontestable.
Peptidase B (Escherichia coli)

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of peptidase B. Salmonella typhimurium peptidase B have a monomer molecular mass of 46.36 kDa. The active protein has a molecular mass of 270 kDa and is therefore a hexamer like other members of the leucyl aminopeptidase family. No three-dimensional structure is available for peptidase B but the high degree of amino acid sequence similarity throughout the C-terminal catalytic domain suggests that its structure is very similar to that of the corresponding domains of bovine lens leucyl aminopeptidase and E. coli aminopeptidase A, the other members of this family for which structures have been determined. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal domain of PepB is not similar to the corresponding domains of either bovine lens leucyl aminopeptidase or PepA and the structure of this domain may differ from those of the leucyl aminopeptidases for which structures have been determined. Using the structure of the bovine lens enzyme as a guide, it has been possible to define some of the structural features of peptidase B that contribute to its specificity for peptides carrying N-terminal acidic amino acids.
Textual criticism in a post-heroic age

In the year 1816 Karl Lachmann published at Leipzig the first scientific recension of Propertius. As for the textual criticism of his predecessors, it resembled nothing so much as the condition of mankind before the advent of Prometheus. (Housman (1893), 102) Textual criticism today finds itself in a paradoxical situation. It is still recognized as a basic discipline within the study of Classics, or at least within that part of Classics that concerns itself with textual and literary evidence. Classical editing also continues to be a vigorous area of publication. The principal British and European series of critical texts, the Teubner, Oxford, and Bude, are all highly active, both in publishing new editions and in replacing earlier volumes. In the United States, the Loeb Classical Library has been enjoying a renaissance for the past two decades; many of the older editions have been succeeded by editions of much higher quality, and a number of new texts have been added to the series. At the same time, however, textual criticism is becoming increasingly arcane to most professional classicists, and even many of its practitioners have lost a common sense of its aims and methods. Explaining this situation calls for a brief historical excursus. From the mid nineteenth century to the first decades of the twentieth, textual criticism enjoyed a privileged status in classical studies, especially in Germany, which at the time was the acknowledged leader in classical scholarship. Much of the prestige of the subject was owing to the work of certain charismatic and influential critics, representatives of what I will call here the ‘heroic editor’. In the century that followed, the methods and assumptions that underpinned the authority of such figures have been called into question, which has in turn altered the standing of textual criticism and contributed to a lack of consensus among critics. In 1858 the University of Jena was celebrating its tercentenary. Among the congratulatory messages from other universities was one from the University of Bern that contained, apart from the formulaic salutations by the Rector and Academic Senate, a disquisition on the text of Virgil by Otto Ribbeck, his Emendationes Vergilianae . It is hard to imagine a similar choice being made today, but at the time a piece of technical writing on the text of Virgil was considered an appropriate expression of the highest intellectual work being done in the university.
Diagnosis of Hallervorden-Spatz Disease

The in vivo diagnosis of Hallervorden-Spatz disease is discussed in relation to the clinical manifestations and MRI findings in two children examined at the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark.
Does weight-bearing assignment after intramedullary nail placement alter healing of tibial shaft fractures?

Abstract Introduction There is no consensus regarding postoperative weight-bearing (WB) assignment after treatment of tibial shaft fractures with an intramedullary nail. This study aims to determine if the postoperative WB assignment after tibia intramedullary nail placement alters healing. Methods Closed AO type 42A fractures treated with a reamed statically-locked intramedullary nail over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed from injury at 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month intervals until union or revision. Patients were categorized according to postoperative weight-bearing assignment: weight-bearing-as-tolerated (WBAT) or non-weight-bearing (NWB). Patients with additional diagnoses that confound routine fracture healing were excluded. Postoperative radiographic union scores for tibial fractures (RUST), coronal/sagittal angulations, and length were compared between different weight-bearing groups. Union was defined as a RUST ≥ 10 at a painless fracture site. Results A total of 83 patients achieved union (32 WBAT, 51 NWB). Both WB groups had similar preoperative demographics. Average age was 37 ± 13 years and follow-up averaged 1.3 ± 0.2 years. There were no significant differences in average time to radiographic union between NWB versus WBAT groups (5.5 vs. 6.1 months, respectively; P = 0.208) nor radiographic healing at 2, 3, and 6-month intervals (P = 0.631). There were two nonunions and one fracture shortened in the NWB group. There were no reoperations for symptomatic or broken hardware in either cohort. Conclusion Immediate WBAT after statically-locked intramedullary nail placement in simple tibial shaft fractures does not alter the time until or course of radiographic union. Level of evidence IV.
An Analysis of Independent Variables Affecting Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Repair of Maxillofacial Trauma: An American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Study.

INTRODUCTION Facial fractures, from straightforward closed nasal reductions to complex pan facial fractures, are commonly encountered in the Plastic Surgical community. However, very little has been discussed in the literature regarding the outcomes of facial fractures relating to contributing factors. Our aim was to evaluate a battery of independent variables in order to identify, which, if any, factors correlate with suboptimal outcomes in patients who have undergone facial fracture surgery. METHODS Under the data use agreement of the American College of Surgeons public use files of the NSQIP, patients involving repair of facial fractures, Current Procedural Terminology codes 21310 to 21470 inclusive, were queried. The outcomes examined included: wound dehiscence, superficial surgical site infection, deep surgical site infection, readmission, open wound/wound infection and return to the operating room. RESULTS There were 2069 facial fracture patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets (2005-2013). Thirteen perioperative risk factors and patient comorbidities were evaluated for correlation with the 6 outcomes. Of the 6 outcomes evaluated, open wound/wound infection was the most prevalent outcome (6%). Factors statistically significant for presence of open wound/wound infection were American Society of Anesthesiology classification (P = 0.002), presence of bleeding disorder (P = 0.008), emergency patient (P = 0.001), chronic alcohol use (P = 0.002), and chronic steroid use (P = 0.034). DISCUSSION Several factors correlated with presence of an open wound/wound infection; however, variables such as diabetes and active tobacco use, which are often thought to contribute to wound infections, were shown to be statistically nonsignificant. Although this study was limited by its observational nature, these data may indicate a change in perception of the factors correlated with wound infections.
Nonlinear hyperbolic systems

In this chapter we treat various types of hyperbolic equations, beginning in §5.1 with first order symmetric hyperbolic systems. In this case, little direct use of pseudodifferential operator techniques is made, mainly an appeal to the Kato-Ponce estimates. We use Friedrichs mollifiers to set up a modified Galerkin method for producing solutions, and some of their properties, such as (5.1.43), can be approached from a pseudodifferential operator perspective. The idea to use Moser type estimates and to aim for results on persistence of solutions as long as the C1-norms remain bounded was influenced by [Mj]. We provide a slight sharpening, demonstrating persistence of solutions as long as the C1*-norm is bounded. In §5.2 we study two types of symmetrizable systems, the latter type involving pseudodifferential operators in an essential way. Here and in subsequent sections, including a treatment of higher order hyperbolic equations, we make strong use of the C1S cl m -calculus developed in Chapter 4.
Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning–Based Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Artery Disease

See Article by Coenen et al Over 16.5 million Americans >20 years of age have coronary artery disease (CAD)—the leading cause of death in the developed and developing world. Currently, the gold standard for CAD detection remains invasive X-ray invasive coronary angiography (ICA), which has been recently augmented by calculation of the fractional flow reserve (FFR),1 the ratio of flow across a stenotic artery with and without vasodilator. Although therapeutic interventions in the acute coronary space require access to the vasculature for ICA, patients with stable CAD2–6 may not derive a similar benefit at the same level of risk (eg, vascular injury7 or thromboembolic phenomena). These limitations have led to the consideration of noninvasive techniques, such as cardiac computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CCTA),8–10 as a potential surrogate for ICA in patients who are not experiencing an acute coronary syndrome. CCTA has emerged as a reliable method in the quantification, detection, and characterization of coronary plaque.11 Advancements in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)12 have enabled modeling of coronary arterial flow from CCTA images. A CT-based FFR may be estimated with existing CCTA images, thereby obviating the need for invasive procedures or additional imaging. Clinical trials, such as DISCOVER-FLOW (Diagnosis of Ischemia-Causing Stenoses Obtained via Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve),13 DeFACTO (Determination of Fractional Flow Reserve by Anatomic Computed Tomographic Angiography),14 and the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary …
Thermal enhancement of ultraviolet mutability in a dnaB uvrA derivative of Escherichia coli B/r: evidence for inducible error-prone repair.

DNA damage triggers coordinate expression of a cluster of diverse functions in Escherichia coli, including prophage induction, filamentous growth, and “aberrant” reinitiation of DNA replication at the chromosomal origin. The “SOS repair” hypothesis proposes that one of these coordinately inducible functions is an error-prone system of DNA repair (“SOS repair”) which is responsible for ultraviolet mutagenesis. In dnaB strains, incubation at 42°C stops DNA synthesis and induces lambda prophage and should, therefore, also induce the postulated error-prone repair activity. Thermal posttreatment of a dnaB uvrA derivative of E. coli B/r is found to enhance the yield of ultraviolet-light-induced mutations as much as 50-fold, while having no such effect in the dnaB + parent strain. The results support the SOS repair hypothesis. The possibility is discussed that the inducible repair system is a mutagenic DNA polymerase.
Evolution of Chromosomal Proteins

We use the term “chromosomal” proteins to include various kinds of proteins closely associated with the chromosomal DNA. In eukaryotes these would be: histones, including nuclear protein A24; sperm histones, including protamines; and nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Some of the eukaryote proteins have the most highly conserved sequences known, which should be an indication of their functional importance. In prokaryotes the type so far characterized from several species is called DNA-binding protein.
Interlace polynomials of friendship graphs

In this paper, we study the interlace polynomials of friendship graphs, that is, graphs that satisfy the Friendship Theorem given by Erdos, Renyi and Sos. Explicit formulas, special values and behavior of coefficients of these polynomials are provided. We also give the interlace polynomials of other similar graphs, such as, the butterfly graph.
Rejoinder to comments by Frederick Kaijage, Oswald Masebo, and Innocent Pikirayi on the keynote speech, ‘writing history: flow and blockage in the circulation of knowledge’

Rejoinder to comments by Frederick Kaijage, Oswald Masebo, and Innocent Pikirayi on the keynote speech, ‘Writing History: Flow and Blockage in the Circulation of Knowledge’
One-Shot GAN Generated Fake Face Detection.

Fake face detection is a significant challenge for intelligent systems as generative models become more powerful every single day. As the quality of fake faces increases, the trained models become more and more inefficient to detect the novel fake faces, since the corresponding training data is considered outdated. In this case, robust One-Shot learning methods is more compatible with the requirements of changeable training data. In this paper, we propose a universal One-Shot GAN generated fake face detection method which can be used in significantly different areas of anomaly detection. The proposed method is based on extracting out-of-context objects from faces via scene understanding models. To do so, we use state of the art scene understanding and object detection methods as a pre-processing tool to detect the weird objects in the face. Second, we create a bag of words given all the detected out-of-context objects per all training data. This way, we transform each image into a sparse vector where each feature represents the confidence score related to each detected object in the image. Our experiments show that, we can discriminate fake faces from real ones in terms of out-of-context features. It means that, different sets of objects are detected in fake faces comparing to real ones when we analyze them with scene understanding and object detection models. We prove that, the proposed method can outperform previous methods based on our experiments on Style-GAN generated fake faces.
The meek and the mighty: Two models of oppression:

This article is an exercise in theory-building about the stories that justify, feed upon, and reproduce systems of oppression. I argue that emotional narratives contribute to the constitution and r...
Ethical, Legal and Security Implications of Digital Legacies on Social Media

The internet has transformed the way that humans interact not only online, but also in real life. Through social networking sites and other community based online sites a person can amass multiple online identities through their active presence on different online platforms that can affect the user in the real world [2]. These identities can be home to different types of digital artifacts in the form of pictures, posts, or videos and are attached to a specific user. The combination of these identities can be used to create a digital narrative about the user which can then be used to create a timeline of the user’s life and their relationships. The content of this digital narrative is the property of the user that created it and can be considered their digital legacy. It is up to the user to determine how their digital legacy will be handled after their real-world death.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: What do pharmacy students need to know about biochemistry?

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine what students need to know about biochemistry in order to practice pharmacy. Methods: With reference to a list of learning objectives, educators interviewed students during their advanced clinical rotations, asking if they had used each item in practice. Each item was then rated according to the number and strength of affirmative responses. The ratings were used to identify the elements of biochemistry most strongly recognised as relevant to clinical practice. Results: All of the learning objectives received affirmative responses, indicating that each was recalled or used by some respondent(s). The most highly rated objectives indicate aspects of biochemistry most closely related to clinical practice. Conclusion: The results provide guidance to educators for designing biochemistry courses, highlighting recognisable connections between biochemistry and clinical practice, and areas where relevance may need to be made clearer or re-evaluated.
A High Angular Resolution Multiplicity Survey of the Open Clusters alpha Persei and Praesepe

Two hundred and forty-two members of the Praesepe and alpha Persei clusters ranging from B (~5Msun) to early-M (~0.5 Msun) have been surveyed with high angular resolution imaging. The 39 binary and 1 quadruple systems detected encompass separations from 0".053 to 7".28; 28 of the systems are new detections and there are 9 candidate substellar companions. The main results from the survey are: * Over the projected separation range of 26-581 AU and magnitude differences of DeltaK < 4.0 mag, the companion star fraction (CSF) for alpha Persei is 0.09 +/- 0.03 and for Praesepe is 0.10 +/- 0.03. This fraction is consistent with the field G-dwarf value, implying that there is not a systematic decline in multiplicity with age on timescales of at 4 +1/-1.5 AU, significantly smaller value than both the field G-dwarf and the nearby T Tauri distributions. A simple population synthesis model suggests that the G-dwarf binary population is a combination of ~30% dark cloud and ~70% giant molecular cloud systems. * An exploration of the binary star properties reveals a cluster CSF that increases with decreasing target mass and a cluster mass ratio distribution that rises more sharply for higher mass stars, but is independent of binary separation. These observational trends are consistent with several models of capture in small clusters and simulations of accretion following fragmentation in a cluster environment. * Among the cluster A stars, there is a higher fraction of binaries in the subset with X-ray detections, consistent with the hypothesis that lower mass companions are the true source of X-ray emission. * In alpha Persei, the rotational velocities for solar-type binaries with separations less that 60 AU the rotational evolution of young stars.
Undeserving rich or untrustworthy government? How elite rhetoric erodes support for soaking the rich

Why did Washington State citizens vote down a 2010 ballot measure that would have increased taxes on the rich? This outcome appears to contradict consistent survey findings that majorities of the p...
The Fundamental Solution to $$\Box _b$$ □ b on Quadric Manifolds: Part 3. Asymptotics for a Codimension 2 Case in $${\mathbb {C}}^4$$ C 4

The purpose of this paper is to find pointwise estimates on the integral kernel for the $$\Box _b$$ Green operator, N, for a particular quadric submanifold of codimension 2 in $${\mathbb {C}}^4$$ . This particular kernel has singularities away from the diagonal. Furthermore, the estimates exhibited by this kernel, both on and off the diagonal, follow no known paradigm.
Fish oil supplementation alters emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity in depressed adolescents at high-risk for bipolar I disorder: A 12-week placebo-controlled fMRI trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of fish oil (FO), a source of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity in depressed youth at high risk for developing bipolar I disorder. METHODS Thirty-nine antidepressant-free youth with a current depressive disorder diagnosis and a biological parent with bipolar I disorder were randomized to 12-week double-blind treatment with FO or placebo. At baseline and endpoint, fMRI (4 Tesla) scans were obtained while performing a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distractors (CPT-END). Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were performed using bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala (AMY) seeds. Measures of depression, mania, global symptom severity, and erythrocyte fatty acids were obtained. RESULTS Erythrocyte EPA+DHA composition increased significantly in the FO group (+47%, p ≤ 0.0001) but not in the placebo group (-10%, p = 0.11). Significant group by time interactions were found for functional connectivity between the left OFC and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and between the right AMY and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). OFC-STG connectivity increased in the FO group (p = 0.0001) and decreased in the placebo group (p = 0.0019), and AMY-ITG connectivity decreased in the FO group (p = 0.0014) and increased in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). In the FO group, but not placebo group, the decrease in AMY-ITG functional connectivity correlated with decreases in Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS In depressed high-risk youth FO supplementation alters emotion-generated corticolimbic functional connectivity which correlates with changes in symptom severity ratings.
Organic or conventional production system and nutrient rate affect the nematode community in carrot production.

Organic and conventional production are common in horticulture crops and each system may exert a different influence on the soil ecosystem, particularly the nematode community. Crop nutrient rate is an important choice in both production systems. The objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of (i) organic and conventional production systems and (ii) nutrient rate in both systems on the nematode community in carrot production. To investigate these objectives, field studies in organic and conventional production - which included fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene - were conducted in North-Central Florida. In both production systems, nutrient rate treatments were 168, 224, 280, 336, and 392 kg N/ha. Poultry litter was the nitrogen source in organic production whereas synthetic, inorganic fertilizer was used in conventional production. All nematode trophic groups were consistently more abundant in organic than conventional production. The nematode community was more diverse and had greater trophic structure in organic production. Greater rates of organic nutrients increased enrichment opportunists (bacterivores and fungivores), but inconsistently across years. Conventional production had similar results except that only moderate nutrient rates increased fungivore abundances. Extreme enrichment opportunists (Rhabditis spp.) drove bacterivore trends in organic production whereas moderate enrichment opportunists (Cephalobus spp.) drove trends in conventional production. Nutrient rates did not affect omnivore-predators, herbivores, nematode community diversity, or structure in either system. In summary, type of production system, organic or conventional, exerts a strong influence on the nematode community, but nutrient rate has less consistent effects in horticulture production.