cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High resolution X‐ray structures of mouse major urinary protein nasal isoform in complex with pheromones

In mice, the major urinary proteins (MUP) play a key role in pheromonal communication by binding and transporting semiochemicals. MUP-IV is the only isoform known to be expressed in the vomeronasal mucosa. In comparison with the MUP isoforms that are abundantly excreted in the urine, MUP-IV is highly specific for the male mouse pheromone 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (SBT). To examine the structural basis of this ligand preference, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of MUP-IV bound to three mouse pheromones: SBT, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-heptanone. We also obtained the structure of MUP-IV with 2-ethylhexanol bound in the cavity. These four structures show that relative to the major excreted MUP isoforms, three amino acid substitutions within the binding calyx impact ligand coordination. The F103 for A along with F54 for L result in a smaller cavity, potentially creating a more closely packed environment for the ligand. The E118 for G substitution introduces a charged group into a hydrophobic environment. The sidechain of E118 is observed to hydrogen bond to polar groups on all four ligands with nearly the same geometry as seen for the water-mediated hydrogen bond network in the MUP-I and MUP-II crystal structures. These differences in cavity size and interactions between the protein and ligand are likely to contribute to the observed specificity of MUP-IV.
Quality and the Commons: The Surf Gangs of California

Abstract In open‐access settings, high‐quality resources are lucrative, yet fencing out potential entrants may be very costly. I examine the endogenous creation of property rights, focusing on the incentives that resource quality provides to close the commons. Analytical examples explore the incentives of locals to increase or decrease the strength of property rights conditional on how locals and nonlocals value the quality of the resource. The empirical analysis looks at a unique resource—surf breaks—and estimates the relationship between the exogenous quality of the resource (waves at the surf break) and local attempts to seize the common surf break. Using cross‐sectional data on 86 surf breaks along the southern California coast, this paper finds that a 10 percent increase in quality leads to a 7–17 percent increase in the strength of property rights.
Immunohistochemical localization of lipocortin 1 in rat brain is sensitive to pH, freezing, and dehydration.

Lipocortin 1 (LC1, annexin 1) has received considerable attention as a substrate for protein kinases, as a Ca++- and phosphatidylserine-binding protein, and as a mediator of glucocorticoid anti-inf...
Integrating analogical mapping and general problem solving : the path-mapping theory

This article describes the path-mapping theory of how humans integrate analogical mapping and general problem solving. The theory posits that humans represent analogs with declarative roles, map analogs by lower-level retrieval of analogous role paths, and coordinate mappings with higher-level organizational knowledge. Implemented in the ACT-R cognitive architecture, the path-mapping theory enables models of analogical mapping behavior to incorporate and interface with other problem-solving knowledge. Path-mapping models thus can include task-specific skills such as encoding analogs or generating responses, and can make behavioral predictions at the level of real-world metrics such as latency or correctness. We show that the path-mapping theory can successfully account for the major phenomena addressed by previous theories of analogy. We also describe a path-mapping model that can account for subjects' incremental eye-movement and typing behavior in a story-mapping task. We discuss extensions and implications of this work to other areas of analogy and problem-solving research.
Metabolic effects of low cortisol during exercise in humans

This study examined the physiological effect of reduced plasma cortisol (C) during prolonged exercise in humans. The effects of normal C (NC) were compared with metyrapone-induced low C (LC) on pla...
Equity Risk Premiums

Equity risk premiums are a central component of every risk and return model in finance. Given their importance, it is surprising how haphazard the estimation of equity risk premiums remains in practice. In the standard approach to estimating equity risk premiums we use historical returns, with the difference in annual returns on stocks and bonds over a long time period comprising the expected risk premium. We note the limitations of this approach, even in markets like the United States, which have long periods of historical data available, and its complete failure in emerging markets, where the historical data tends to be limited and noisy. We suggest ways in which equity risk premiums can be estimated for these markets, using a base equity premium and a country risk premium. Finally, we suggest an alternative approach to estimating equity risk premiums that requires no historical data and provides updated estimates for most markets.
The slip history of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake determined from strong-motion, teleseismic, GPS, and leveling data

We present a rupture model of the Northridge earthquake, determined from the joint inversion of near-source strong ground motion recordings, P and SH teleseismic body waves, Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement vectors, and permanent uplift measured along leveling lines. The fault is defined to strike 122° and dip 40° to the south-southwest. The average rake vector is determined to be 101°, and average slip is 1.3 m; the peak slip reaches about 3 m. Our estimate of the seismic moment is 1.3 ± 0.2 × 10^(26) dyne-cm (potency of 0.4 km3). The rupture area is small relative to the overall aftershock dimensions and is approximately 15 km along strike, nearly 20 km in the dip direction, and there is no indication of slip shallower than about 5 to 6 km. The up-dip, strong-motion velocity waveforms are dominated by large S-wave pulses attributed to source directivity and are comprised of at least 2 to 3 distinct arrivals (a few seconds apart). Stations at southern azimuths indicate two main S-wave arrivals separated longer in time (about 4 to 5 sec). These observations are best modeled with a complex distribution of subevents: The initial S-wave arrival comes from an asperity that begins at the hypocenter and extends up-dip and to the north where a second, larger subevent is centered (about 12 km away). The secondary S arrivals at southern azimuths are best fit with additional energy radiation from another high slip region at a depth of 19 km, 8 km west of the hypocenter. The resolving power of the individual data sets is examined by predicting the geodetic (GPS and leveling) displacements with the dislocation model determined from the waveform data, and vice versa, and also by analyzing how well the teleseismic solution predicts the recorded strong motions. The general features of the geodetic displacements are not well predicted from the model determined independently from the strong-motion data; likewise, the slip model determined from geodetic data does not adequately reproduce the strong-motion characteristics. Whereas a particularly smooth slip pattern is sufficient to satisfy the geodetic data, the strong-motion and teleseismic data require a more heterogeneous slip distribution in order to reproduce the velocity amplitudes and frequency content. Although the teleseismic model can adequately reproduce the overall amplitude and frequency content of the strong-motion velocity recordings, it does a poor job of predicting the geodetic data. Consequently, a robust representation of the slip history and heterogeneity requires a combined analysis of these data sets.
Receding Horizon Control in Dynamic Environments from Temporal Logic Specifications

We present a control strategy for an autonomous vehicle that is required to satisfy a rich mission specification over service requests occurring at the regions of a partitioned environment. The overall mission specification consists of a temporal logic statement over a set of static, a priori known requests, and a servicing priority order over a set of dynamic requests that can be sensed locally. Our approach is based on two main steps. First, we construct an abstraction for the motion of the vehicle in the environment by using input output linearization and assignment of vector fields to the regions in the partition. Second, a receding horizon controller computes local plans within the sensing range of the vehicle such that both local and global mission specifications are satisfied. We implement and evaluate our method in an experimental setup consisting of a quadrotor performing a persistent surveillance task over a planar grid environment.
How does one exciton split into two in organic semiconductors

The absorption of one photon by a semiconductor material usually creates one electron-hole pair, but this general rule breaks down in a few organic semiconductors, such as pentacene and tetracene, where one photon absorption may result in two electron-hole pairs in a process called singlet exciton. Recent measurements in our group by time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) spectroscopy in crystalline tetracene, pentacene, and hexacene provided the first spectroscopic signatures in singlet fission of a critical intermediate known as the multiexciton state. These measurements provides an experimental foundation for a quantum coherent mechanism in which the electronic coupling creates a quantum superposition of the singlet and the multiexciton state immediately following optical excitation. We demonstrate the feasibility of harvesting the multiexciton state for multiple charge carriers or the triplets. We outline a set of design principles for molecular materials with high singlet fission yield and for the implementation of singlet fission in solar cells with power conversion efficiency beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit.
The Effects of Internet Use and Internet Efficacy on Offline and Online Engagement

While existing research has explored the relationship between Internet use and civic engagement, this study is among the first to examine the effects of general Internet use, social network site use, and Internet efficacy on online and offline civic participation using the 2010 Pew Internet and American Life Project ‘Social Side of the Internet’ survey (N = 2,303). Results show that general Internet use and social network site use enhance web and wireless participation. However, neither increases offline participation. Individual Internet efficacy enhances both online and offline participation, but group Internet efficacy decreases offline participation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings of this study for engagement are discussed.
A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Appraisal of the Big-Eared Bat (Macrotus waterhousii Gray) in the West Indies

Geographic variation was assessed among West Indian populations of Macrotus waterhousii . Though statistically significant mensural differences were found among five previously named subspecies, only two names have been retained for all populations. The two subspecies are redefined on the basis of morphology, geography, and clinal trends ( M. w. minor on Cuba and the northern Bahamas; M. to. waterhousii on Jamaica, Hispaniola, and the southern Bahamas). Several new locality records are mentioned.
THE SCALED QUAIL (CALLIPEPLA SQUAMATA) OF THE SOUTHWEST: SYSTEMATIC AND HISTORICAL CONSIDERATION

brownish or grayish, especially dorsally; abdomen pale with narrow, pale brown markings; size averaging larger. Discussion. Of the four described races of Scaled Quail, hargravei is similar in coloration only to pd the terminal bars of the “scaled” areas are blackish-brown and narrow instead of black and broad. The anterior feathers of the crest are a slightly grayed Saccardo’s Umber, occasionally verging on Sepia rather than Clove Brown and pale Mummy Brown. The belly is nearest Pinkish Buff rather than approaching Cinnamon Buff; the dark bars of the abdominal feathers are grayer, less blackish and less rich, closest to Dresden Brown or Buckthorn Brown X Isabella Color rather than near Tawny Olive or Sayal Brown in pallida. Back, rump, scapulars, and shorter upper tail coverts are brownish-drab, contrasting with the extremely pale gray nape, rather than grayish-drab, not contrasting so conspicuously with the darker bluish nape of pallida. There is no overlap in this character when specimens are segregated by age (and season) as immatures of both races tend to be browner, respectively, than adults, which are grayer. There is considerable variation in mensural characters even when specimens are segregated into their respective age-sex categories. However, specimens of hargravei from Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and northern New Mexico average larger in wing chord, tail, and tarsus than pallida from Arizona and southern New Mexico (see table 1). The few available weights (table 2) also suggest the larger size of the new race.
Hormone Production and Reception Among Different Isolates of Phytophthora Parasitica and P. Palmivora

There were no significant differences in the ability to produce hormones between two A' isolates each of Phytophthora parasitica and P. palmivora, and two A2 isolates of P. palmivora. However, one isolate of P. parasitica was a better hormone a2 producer than the other isolate tested. With the exception of A2 isolates of P. parasitica, different isolates of P. parasitica or P. palmivora differed in the degree of responsiveness to hormones. One A' isolate and one A2 isolate of P. palmivora did not respond to hormone a2 and a', respectively.
Caffeotannic acid in Pikang wash liquid by HPLC

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for determination of the chlorogenic acid in Pikang wash liquid and control.Methods: KromasilC18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used.The mobile phase was consisted of 0.2 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate-methol(75∶25,pH adjusted to 3.2 with phosphoric).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.And detection wavelength was set at 327 nm.Results: The calibration curve of chlorogenic acid was linear in range of 21.5～129.0 mg/L (r=0.9994),the average recovery was 99.53 % and RSD was2.04%.Conclusions: This method was simple,rapid and accurate,and can be used as a method of quality control for Pikang wash liquid.
The contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to limb vasoregulation in patients with heart failure: observations during orthostasis and α-adrenergic blockade

1. In patients with congestive heart failure, both the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system are often stimulated. In order to assess the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to limb vascular resistance, the forearm haemodynamic response to captopril was studied in 13 patients with heart failure. 2. Seven subjects were studied while supine and during 60 degrees head-up tilt. To eliminate alpha-adrenergic effects, six additional patients with heart failure were pretreated with intra-arterial phentolamine and then given captopril. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to determine forearm blood flow and forearm vascular resistance. 3. Tilt did not significantly increase pretreatment plasma renin activity or plasma noradrenaline concentration, nor did it decrease forearm blood flow. Furthermore, captopril did not alter forearm vascular resistance during supine or upright posture. During the phentolamine infusion, however, captopril reduced forearm vascular resistance by 19% (P < 0.05). 4. Despite increased plasma renin activity, captopril did not cause forearm vasodilatation during supine or upright posture in these patients with heart failure. When the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system was eliminated, captopril decreased forearm vascular resistance. Therefore, in patients with congestive heart failure, the sympathetic nervous system is important in limb vasoregulation, and the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system is apparent only after alpha-adrenergic blockade.
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Renal Cell Carcinoma in a 16-Year-Old Boy

Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Kidney lesions occur in the majority of cases, with renal cell carcinoma noted in 40% and renal cysts in 60%. Renal cell carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau disease is usually bilateral and occurs at an earlier age than in patients with sporadic renal cell carcinoma. We report on a 16-year-old boy who, to our knowledge, is the youngest patient to present with von Hippel-Lindau disease and renal cell carcinoma. Controversy currently exists regarding the nature of renal cysts in von Hippel-Lindau disease and the optimal therapeutic approach (that is radical versus parenchymal sparing surgery). We review the histology of renal cysts and carcinoma, and discuss the rationale for selecting parenchymal sparing surgery.
Varicocele as the presenting sign of an abdominal mass.

AbstractA patient with a varicocele on the right side as the presenting sign of intra-abdominal Burkitt’s lymphoma is reported. The incidence and etiology of varicocele are discussed.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 Syndromes

The first case of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2 was documented in 1961. Over the past half century, our understanding of MEN 2 has expanded from small kindreds with seemingly inherited constellations of endocrine tumors to three distinct autosomal dominant inherited syndromes: MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), which are transmitted by a specific oncogene. Our improved understanding of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and the clear genotypic–phenotypic relationships it confers to patients with MEN 2 syndrome has significantly changed the diagnosis and clinical management of this disease. As a result, guidelines based on RET genotyping have been developed with an aim to prophylactically treat the most lethal of the MEN 2 endocrine tumors, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), before it becomes clinically apparent, and to screen for and treat the other two disease manifestations, pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism, in time to reduce morbidity to the patients.
Asthma quality of life and control after sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often have comorbid asthma. Prior studies have not examined the impact of CRS or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) upon asthma quality of life (QOL) and asthma control using validated outcome metrics. Methods Patients with CRS, both with and without polyps, and comorbid asthma completed the Mini Asthma QOL Questionnaire (miniAQLQ) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) at baseline and 6 months postoperatively as part of a multi-institutional, prospective study. Results Baseline metrics were available on 86 patients. Patients undergoing ESS reported improved miniAQLQ [0.5 (SD ±1.1), 95% CI: 0.2–0.7; P = 0.002] and ACT scores [1.3 (±4.1), 95% CI: 0.2–2.4; P = 0.025]. Uncontrolled baseline asthma (ACT < 20) was present in 51% of patients undergoing ESS. In uncontrolled patients, ESS resulted in a minimal clinically important difference 57% of the time for miniAQLQ scores (≥0.5 points) and 50% of the time for ACT scores (≥3.0 points). After adjustment with linear regression, baseline miniAQLQ scores were worse in patients with comorbid allergy (P = 0.045) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; P = 0.015). Adjusted baseline ACT scores were worse in patients with COPD (P = 0.004). Covariates associated with changes in miniAQLQ scores after ESS were pre-operative corticosteroid dependency (P = 0.011) and change in total SNOT-22 score (P = 0.010). Covariate associated with significantly less improvement in ACT scores was obstructive sleep apnea (P = 0.016). Conclusions Patients with CRS often present with uncontrolled asthma, and ESS improves both miniAQLQ and ACT. Approximately half of patients with uncontrolled asthma improve after ESS, yet there are few CRS-specific factors associated with asthma QOL or control or ESS outcomes.
The scatter background in high-resolution pinhole SPECT

The authors have evaluated the scattered background in high-resolution pinhole SPECT by Monte Carlo modeling of a point source of 140 keV photons with an 8 cm diameter water-equivalent sphere as a scattering object. The detector geometry was 5 cm between center and pinhole, and 15 cm from pinhole to detector. The pinhole diameter ranged from 2 to 4 mm. For comparison, the authors have also modeled the same source and scatter geometry for a high-resolution parallel-hole SPECT detector. The detected scattered/unscattered ratio is about 0.2. This ratio and the shape of the scattered background are almost constant for both pinhole and parallel-hole geometry and over a range of pinhole diameters. The shape, though not the amplitude, of the scattered background is independent of axial motion of the source. The pinhole geometry imposes some distortion from scattering at a distance from the central plane. Some implications of these modelling results for scatter correction in pinhole SPECT are discussed. >
Experimental evaluation of the bilinear transformation used in the CT-based attenuation correction for small animal PET imaging

The purpose of this work is to experimentally evaluate the accuracy of the bilinear transformation method for generating attenuation maps, the accuracy of the CT-based attenuation correction (AC) using these maps for small animal PET imaging, and the reliability of this method when an iodinated contrast agent is introduced in CT scans. The attenuation maps of an attenuation calibration phantom (ACP) with known linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) were generated from both Ge-68 transmission scan and bilinear transformation of CT scan. These maps were then used in AC for quantitative analysis of a hot small sphere imbedded in the ACP phantom. We measured LAC of the mouse blood mixed with an iodinated agent (Fenestra VC) using both Ge-68 transmission scan and bilinear approach, and investigated the effect of CT contrast agent on CT images, attenuation maps and attenuation corrected PET images of the mice, respectively. The phantom experiments showed visually well-matched attenuation maps and within 5% bias agreement on LAC of artificial tissues. CT-based and Ge-transmission-based AC restored the quantitative PET results for the hot small sphere in ACP phantom from -27% error (without AC) to 0.9% and -3.4%, respectively. The animal experiments showed that CT-based AC restored respectively 15-25% and 40- 60% PET image intensities for mouse and rat tissues. With the increasing of the ratio of Fenestra to blood, the difference between the CT-based and Ge-transmission-based LAC of the mixture was increased linearly up to 7% at the maximum ratio, which corresponds to the routine limitation on intravenous injection dose for a mouse. The administration of 0.012 ml/gm Fenestra VC increased 2.1plusmn1.2%, 0.6plusmn0.4%, 0.2plusmn0.2%, 0.4plusmn0.3%, and 0.1plusmn0.2% mean image intensities respectively for the heart chamber, liver, brain, cortical muscle and bladder on PET images with CT-based AC. We conclude that the water-bone- based bilinear approach is adequate for generating attenuation maps for CT-based AC on small animal PET imaging. The administration of Fenestra VC under the routine dosage (<0.016 ml/gm) results in visible (<7%) deviation on LAC of blood, but negligible (<3% and <1%) over-corrections on mouse heart and other tissues in PET imaging using bilinear-approach- based CT-AC.
The Chemistry of Low-Valent Organoaluminum Species

During the past 25 plus years, room-temperature stable aluminum(I) and (II) compounds have become available through standard organometallic techniques, and their reactivity has been explored in much detail. The chemistry of aluminum(I) compounds may be viewed as that of a very reactive carbene (singlet and triplet, depending on the substrate). Typical reactions involve insertions into various EE or EX bonds and adduct formation with Lewis acids. Aluminum(II) compounds are generally dialumenes (R2AlAlR2) featuring an AlAl single bond. Their chemistry is similar to that of alanes (R3Al) with respect to substitutions and Lewis acid base chemistry but with a strong redox component. In many cases, substrates insert into the AlAl bond in a formally oxidative manner. Keywords: aluminum; low oxidation state; dialumane; dialumene; reduction; insertion; Lewis acid; Lewis base; carbene; insertion
An important step toward a functional biomarker in pediatric TBI recovery and outcome

Worldwide, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of pediatric death and disability. A recent epidemiologic analysis of the global literature published over the last 2 decades reports an incidence ranging from 47 to 280 events per 100,000 children,1 with a substantial fraction of these individuals having moderate to severe disabilities. The reported disabilities are manifold, negatively affecting motor, cognitive, affective, and other aspects of daily life. The extant pediatric neuroimaging literature, while demonstrating persistent structural changes following TBI that afford diagnostic value, has not yet provided a clear connection to functional and cognitive outcomes.2–4 A deeper understanding of the pathobiology of TBI, and how to use features of that pathobiology to make outcome predictions at the level of the individual patient, would be of great value clinically and scientifically.
The Mirage of Reform — Republicans’ Struggle to Dismantle Obamacare

The American Health Care Act would make insurance less affordable for low-income Americans, increase the uninsured population, and take vast funds away from states. Rather than repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, the GOP plan offers only a mirage of reform.
Ban on Planned Parenthood Funding is an Unconstitutional Bill of Attainder

The denial of federal or state women’s health care funding for Planned Parenthood and other women’s health care providers that include abortions in the wide array of services that they provide to low-income women is an unconstitutional bill of attainder. A bill of attainder is a trial by a legislature in which the legislature enacts a law that is designed to punish a named person or an identifiable group of persons. It goes back to 16th, 17th and 18th century Great Britain, where Parliament would enact a law finding certain opponents of the Crown guilty of treason and confiscating their property. And during the Revolutionary War, all of the colonial legislatures used bills of attainder to confiscate the property of British loyalists. The Framers of the Constitution were determined to put an end to this pernicious practice and so unanimously and without debate, specifically provided in the Constitution that “no bill of attainder shall be passed by Congress or by any state.” The Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional prohibition against bills of attainder very broadly, going beyond the imposition of a criminal penalty. Rather the Court has applied a functional test to prohibit legislative punishment of any form or severity against specifically designated persons or groups. Under this test, the denial of a governmental benefit to an organization otherwise eligible to receive it on the ground that the organization enabled women to exercise their fundamental right to have a safe and legal abortion clearly constituted punishment, and by definition, there could be no legitimate non-punitive purpose served by this denial. It is thus an unconstitutional bill of attainder. It has no place in the American constitutional system.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): A Consideration of Driver Perceptions on Training, Usage & Implementation:

As the first phase of a larger project, drivers were recruited to drive for a month one of two different vehicles with a range of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Training methods for int...
A multiyear quality improvement project to increase influenza vaccination in a pediatric oncology population undergoing active therapy.

Background In an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable influenza infection, national consensus guidelines recommend vaccination of patients who are immunocompromised as a result of receiving cancer therapy. Quality improvement (QI) processes are a proven method used to improve vaccination rates. Procedure We conducted a QI initiative aimed at increasing influenza vaccination in oncology patients undergoing active treatment. Primary drivers for the project focused on patient education, staff and provider education, and communication regarding vaccine-eligible patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of influenza infection among the vaccine-eligible population. This approach has validity at our institution because of the consistent follow-up and hospital admission pattern of cancer patients on active therapy such that nearly all follow-up care is delivered at our institution. Results We successfully achieved greater than 87% vaccination of eligible patients each vaccine season (September to March). During the recommended timeframe for delivering influenza vaccine between September and December of each vaccine season, we offered the vaccine to 100% of patients on active therapy and vaccinated >90%. Barriers to success, including vaccine refusals, increased late in the vaccine season. Influenza infection was documented in 0.5-7.3% of the vaccine-eligible group. Conclusion A robust influenza vaccination program implemented using a standardized QI approach can sustain a high vaccination rate in a pediatric oncology population receiving active treatment. The influenza infection rate was under 10% in the vaccinated group.
A Compact S-Box Design for SMS4 Block Cipher

This paper proposes a compact design of SMS4 S-box using combinational logic which is suitable for the implementation in area constraint environments like smart cards. The inversion algorithm of the proposed S-box is based on composite field GF(((22)2)2) using normal basis at all levels. In our approach, we examined all possible normal basis combinations having trace equal to one at each subfield level. There are 16 such possible combinations with normal basis and we have compared the S-box designs based on each case in terms of logic gates it uses for implementation. The isomorphism mapping and inverse mapping bit matrices are fully optimized using greedy algorithm. We prove that our best case reduces the complexity upon the SMS4 S-box design with existing inversion algorithm based on polynomial basis by 15% XOR and 42% AND gates.
Growth Patterns in Nature: Percolation

Think of a forest. The forest grows when an existing tree releases its seeds and a new tree grows next to it. The new tree grows and seeds a tree next to it. And so on. The forest burns when fire spreads from a burning tree to its neighbor. The spread, either of new trees or fire, to adjacent sites is an example of percolation. Will the forest spread, continuing to grow? Will the fire spread, destroying the entire forest? Important questions for the forester and the environmentalist! The answers? They depend on the chance that a new tree grows next to an existing tree or the chance that flames spread from one tree to the next tree. When we try to predict (or at least study) what might happen, we must consider the probability or chance that the event will occur. An event that has a zero probability of happening will never occur. Another event that has probability unity (or a probability of one) will always occur. Most probabilities have a value that falls between zero and one. For the forest, what might affect the probability that seeds spread from one tree will take root and grow another tree?
Constraint Programming for Distributed Planning and Scheduling

We present a constraint programming-based solver for distributed planning and scheduling problems with a hierarchical objective function. The solver produces provably optimal centralized solutions. Preliminary computational results show the efficiency of our approach.
A SIMPLIFIED ROBUST PREDICTIVE CONTROLLER IN THE PRESENCE OF EXOGENOUS BOUNDED DISTURBANCES

Abstract It is shown that a simple adaptive predictive controller can be designed based on a strongly simplified model in the presence of exogenous disturbances. The adaptive predictive controller requires to know some parameters which are easy to choose from the impulse response of the open-loop system by simple experiment and has only one tuning parameter. Moreover the asymptotic stability and convergence of resulting closed-loop system are established and the upper bound of tracking error is also given.
Anthropogenic noise affects male house wren response to but not detection of territorial intruders.

Anthropogenic noise decreases signal active space, or the area over which male bird song can be detected in the environment. For territorial males, noise may make it more difficult to detect and assess territorial challenges, which in turn may increase defense costs and influence whether males maintain territory ownership. We tested the hypothesis that noise affects the ability of male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) near active nests to detect intruders and alters responses to them. We broadcast pre-recorded male song and pink noise on territories to simulate intrusions with and without noise, as well as to noise alone. We measured detection by how long males took to sing or approach the speaker after the start of a playback. To measure whether playbacks changed male behavior, we compared their vocal responses before and during treatments, as well as compared mean vocal responses and the number of flyovers and attacks on the speaker during treatments. Noise did not affect a male’s ability to detect an intruder on his territory. Males altered their responses to simulated intruders with and without noise compared to the noise-only treatment by singing longer songs at faster rates. Males increased peak frequency of songs during intrusions without noise compared to noise-only treatments, but frequency during intruder plus noise treatments did not differ from either. When confronting simulated intruders in noise, males increased the number of attacks on the speaker compared to intruders without noise, possibly because they were less able to assess intruders via songs and relied on close encounters for information. Although noise did not affect intruder detection, noise affected some aspects of singing and aggressive responses, which may be related to the challenge of discriminating and assessing territorial threats under elevated noise.
The Narrative Structure of Diagnosis

This chapter examines the structure of diagnosis and the structure of literary narrative in detective stories; it focuses on the logic of “abduction” or “inference to the best explanation” as described by philosophers. Although diagnosis is an important part of healthcare training, its most usual training method is through apprenticeship. This chapter outlines a systematic method of diagnosis and traces it through an analysis of a Sherlock Holmes story, “The Resident Patient.” Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle modeled his character Sherlock Holmes on one of his teachers in medical school. The chapter begins with a vignette of a Resident, who, failing to diagnosis his patient, learns from his experienced Attending Physician, who reasons much like Holmes.
The Place of Holocaust Survivor Videotestimony: Navigating the Landmarks of First-Person Audio-Visual Representation

This chapter investigates the place of survivor videotestimonies in the landscape of Holocaust representation, particularly the archival spaces that house and contain them, and the Internet and virtual spaces that extend and exceed those archival containers, bringing these audio-visual narratives into the viewer’s home, office, or classroom. The place of testimony includes the spaces in which testimony is given—from DP camps immediately after the war to tastefully decorated living rooms long after—and the spaces indexed in the course of giving testimony—transports and camps, forests and other hiding places, and homes lost and never regained. Videotestimony becomes the space in which narrated memories of home in the past clash with images of home in the present—spaces and places that mark the landscape of the testimonial narrative.
Increasing the Number of Underrepresented Minority Behavioral Health Researchers Partnering With Underresourced Communities: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Research Project Program.

To address critical health equity issues facing racially and ethnically diverse populations, it is essential to have researchers from similarly diverse backgrounds. Such researchers provide differe...
A Digital Protein Microarray for COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Monitoring.

Despite widespread concern for cytokine storms leading to severe morbidity in COVID-19, rapid cytokine assays are not routinely available for monitoring critically ill patients. We report the clinical application of a machine learning-based digital protein microarray platform for rapid multiplex quantification of cytokines from critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Michigan Hospital. The platform comprises two low-cost modules: (i) a semi-automated fluidic dispensing/mixing module that can be operated inside a biosafety cabinet to minimize the exposure of technician to the virus infection and (ii) a 12-12-15 inch compact fluorescence optical scanner for the potential near-bedside readout. The platform enabled daily cytokine analysis in clinical practice with high sensitivity (
تأثير التشخيص والتدخل المبکر على الأطفال المصابين بالتوحد في عمر ثلاث سنوات The Effect of Early Diagnosis and Intervention on Behavior for Children at the age of three years with Autism Spectrum Disorders

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على تأثير التشخيص والتدخل المبکر على الأطفال المصابين بالتوحد في عمر ثلاث سنوات. تکون مجتمع الدراسة من الأطفال المصابين باضطراب التوحد في مرکز والدة الأمير فيصل بن فهد للتوحد بالرياض في المملکة العربية السعودية. البالغ عددهم 20 طفل قسموا الى مجموعتين کل مجموعة مکونة من 10 أطفال. ولقد جمعت البيانات عن طريق الملاحظة التي صممت خصيصا لأغراض الدراسة وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة الى أنه کلما کان التشخيص والتدخل مبکرا کل ما کان هناک استجابة لتعلم عدد من المهارات السلوکية لطفل التوحد. The aim of this study was to know the effect of early diagnosis and intervention on behavior for children at the age of three years with autism spectrum disorder. this particular study simple random sampling was being use to defined population an equal and independent chance of selection. The study was being conducted on Prince Faisal Bin Fahad's Mother's Center for Autism of Riyadh. I obtained 20 participants at age 3 years old and divided them to two group each group consist of 10 children.The study used structured participant observation to collect data.
Data Drive Development-Multimodal Measurement of Classroom Interaction

The educational inclusion of children with communication disorders together with typically developing (TD) peers is a national standard. However, we have little mechanistic understanding of how interactions with peers and teachers contribute to the language development of these children. To build that understanding, we combine objective measurement of the quantity and quality of child and teacher speech with radio frequency identification of their physical movement and orientation. Longitudinal observations of two different sets of classrooms are analyzed. One set of classrooms contains children who require hearing aids and cochlear implants. Another set of classrooms contains children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Computational modeling of pair-wise movement/orientation is used to derive periods of social contact when speech may occur. Results suggest that children with ASD are isolated from peers but approach teachers relatively quickly. Overall, talk with peers in social contact (and speech heard from teachers) promotes children's own talk which, in turn, is associated with assessed language abilities.
Analysis of six pyrethroid insecticide metabolites in cord serum using a novel gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method.

Abstract Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used for residential and commercial pest control in the US. Pregnant women and their fetuses are vulnerable to pesticide exposures during critical windows of neurodevelopment. Biomonitoring for exposure requires accurate and sensitive methods to assess exposures during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive analytical method to measure pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in cord serum. Six pyrethroid metabolites, cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (c/t-DCCA), trans-chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid (t-CDCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (c-DBCA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) were extracted from cord serum by a dichloromethane liquid-liquid extraction, derivatized by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol carboxylic acid esterification, and then measured by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Limits of detection ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 ng/mL. Sixty-three cord serum samples were collected from maternal-fetal dyads in central New Jersey to test for pyrethroid metabolites. Non-specific metabolites, 3PBA, t-DCCA, and t-CDCA, were detected most frequently, present in 29%, 6.3% and 6.3% of samples, respectively. Sensitivities were comparable or greater than other published studies assessing pyrethroid metabolites in cord blood. Comparisons with other literature-reported studies emphasize the importance of method sensitivity when assessing exposures at biologically relevant concentrations.
COVID-19 and Sheltering in Place: The Experiences of Coercive Control for College Students Returning Home

After months of people sheltering in place, whether due to formal orders or to protect themselves from COVID-19, we have seen evidence of increases in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). IPV, already a significant social justice issue worldwide, has been brought to the forefront during the pandemic, with many victims needing to be in confined spaces with their abusers. This chapter explores the experiences of sheltering in place for returning college students exposed to coercive control. It examines how coercive control, often intensified in post-separation abuse (PSA) and, where children are involved, parental alienation (PA), frequently manifests within families. Children have in the past been termed “secondary victims” of IPV, but this chapter will demonstrate how they should be considered primary victims of coercive control alongside their victimized parent. The particular challenges college students face during the COVID-19 pandemic when coercive control and PA are at issue will be delineated, and the many areas needing further research and exploration will be highlighted.
Book Review: Annotated Insurance Contracts Act by Peter Mann

IN the 1980s, the Australian Law Commission found that the existing law governing insurance contracts was disadvantageous to the insured in a number of ways and recommended reforms to ensure greater protection to the insured. These recommendations were substantially implemented in the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Cth) which received the royal assent on 25 June 1984. This book is an annotation of this significant milestone in Australian insurance law.
Measurement of Stress

The Stanford acousto-elastic stress measurement program is reviewed in this paper. A computer-controlled scanned transducer system has been used with longitudinal wave and shear wave trnasducers. Recently an EMAT surface wave measurement has also been employed. Inhomogeneous stress states near cracks, residual stress states in aluminum, near surface stresses, and a 3D stress measurement have been made. A simple theory of texture effects has been developed, and has given good agreement with our experiments.
Methods for mapping and categorization of DNA sequence reads from allopolyploid organisms

Genome read categorization determines the genome of origin for sequence reads from an allopolyploid organism. Different techniques have been used to perform read categorization, mostly based on homoeo-SNPs identified between extant diploid relatives of allopolyploids. We present a novel technique for read categorization implemented by the software PolyDog. We demonstrate its accuracy and improved categorization relative to other methods. We discuss the situations in which one method or another might be most appropriate.
On the projectivity of threefolds

Let X be a smooth complete three-dimensional algebraic variety (defined over an algebraically closed field k). We show that X is projective if it contains a divisor which is positive on the cone of effective curves.
Regulation of the Caulobacter Cell Cycle

This chapter focuses on the aquatic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, which divides asymmetrically during each cell division cycle, yielding progeny cells that differ both structurally and functionally. The initially motile swarmer cell progeny sheds its flagellum and differentiates into a nonmotile stalked cell. In addition to morphological differences, the stalked- and swarmer cell progeny inherit different competencies for chromosome replication. A central component of any cell cycle is the initiation of chromosome replication coupled with strict controls to prevent repeated rounds of DNA replication without intervening cell divisions. The Caulobacter origin of replication was identified and cloned by taking advantage of the observation that replication is always initiated in the stalked cell. Microbial cells are able to monitor changes in their environment, detect changes in cell density, and communicate with each other and with other organisms through signals. The Caulobacter DnaA protein is a likely candidate for a positive regulator of the initiation of DNA replication. The generation of dissimilar progeny cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes frequently depends on asymmetric localization of regulatory factors prior to division. The periodicity of DNA replication, cell division, and, in Caulobacter, cell cycle-dependent morphological and behavioral differences contrasts with the continuous nature of most metabolic reactions that produce cellular growth. Repression is relieved in time to initiate DNA replication when origin repression by CtrA is eliminated in the stalked cell.
Asymmetry in perceptions of trustworthiness: It's not you; it's me.

This study examined asymmetry in perceptions of trustworthiness among members of temporary teams. Participants completed a team decision-making exercise and rated the extent to which they perceived each teammate as trustworthy. Social relations modeling (Kenny, 1994) was used to analyze the ratings and results indicated significant asymmetry in perceptions. The majority of the variance in trustworthiness ratings was attributable to the trustor and to the unique relationship between trustor and trustee. Only a nonsignificant amount of variance was attributable to the trustee. These findings suggest asymmetry in perceptions, as trustors differed in the extent to which they perceived the same individuals as trustworthy. Analyses indicated that trustors high in propensity to trust, extraversion, and emotional stability perceived others as more trustworthy than did trustors low in these characteristics. Results further indicated that team-level asymmetry in trustworthiness perceptions was detrimental in terms of increased conflict and decreased team performance.