cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enterprise information & process change management for AMI and demand response

Driven to further increase energy and operational efficiencies and encouraged by government policies and incentives, many utilities are exploring, planning, or already beginning to implement “Smart Grid”. Smart Grid implementations can potentially add hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of new equipment and devices to the energy delivery system and infrastructure of the utility. Measurements will be collected from Smart Grid sensors and metering devices at hourly or 15-minute intervals, and some in near real-time, resulting in terabytes of data. Utility commands and controls will be available down to the customer-premise level. How would the utility manage all these new assets, all the new data, and the new advanced functionality to achieve the vision and objectives of Smart Grid? This presentation outlines the transformational changes of Smart Grid to the utility enterprise and through utility case examples, how the utility should prepare itself for these changes through Enterprise Information Management.
Partial Orderings in Chemistry

The cosmopolitan relevance of partially ordered mathematical structures in chemistry is argued. Many examples are briefly noted, including those involving chemical periodicities, reactivities, aromaticities, electronegativities, molecular branching, molecular shapes, symmetries, complexities, curve fittings, and more. A few fundamental theorems concerning metrics (or distance functions) on partially ordered sets are noted, first for the intuitively appealing “scaled” posets, then for the more general “transformed” posets. Interspersed along the way are a few examples which are developed to a greater extent, including Randic−Wilkins periodicity for alkanes; the general concept of aromaticity; molecular branching; least-squares fittings; and (most extensively) molecular shapes, chiralities, and symmetries. In each of these types of examples clarifications, alternative views, and extensions of previous works result.
A promising first attempt at implementing a modified Picture Exchange Communication System with three adolescents who were blind and had autism and moderate to severe cognitive impairments1

Can combining tactile symbols with modified instructional strategies from the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) be an effective method to teach children with autism and visual impairment...
Avalanche multiplication in c.a.t.t.s

The use of avalanche and transit-time effects in microwave transistor-like structures is being explored to provide increased gain and higher-frequency operation of 3-terminal semiconductor power amplifiers. The paper describes certain aspects of the avalanche-multiplication process of importance for understanding c.a.t.t. operation and for c.a.t.t. design. It is shown that n-p-n silicon c.a.t.t.s can be designed to operate with moderate charge multiplication without requiring a critical value of collector-base bias voltage. Space-charge effects reduce the actual multiplication at high injection levels. Avalanche-generated holes, returning to the emitter and base regions, have profound effects on the d.c. and r.f. characteristics of the c.a.t.t. These effects are qualitatively understood. Experimental results are reported on device impedances, gain and bandwidth in the 2.5?4.0 GHz region.
Worst-Case Estimation for Data-Dependent Timing Jitter and Amplitude Noise in High-Speed Differential Link

Differential signaling has been widely used in high-speed interconnects. Signal integrity issues, such as inter-symbol interference (ISI) and crosstalk between the differential pair, however, still cause significant timing jitter and amplitude noise and heavily limit the performance of the differential link. The pre-emphasis filter is commonly used to reduce ISI but may potentially change the crosstalk behavior. In this paper, we first propose formula-based jitter and noise models considering the combined effect of ISI, crosstalk, and pre-emphasis filter. With the same set of input patterns, experiment shows our models achieve within 5% difference compared with SPICE simulation. By utilizing these formula-based models, we then develop algorithms to directly find out the input patterns for worst-case jitter and worst-case amplitude noise through pseudo-Boolean optimization (PBO) and mathematical programming. In addition, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to further reduce runtime. Experiments show our algorithms obtain more reliable worst-case jitter and noise compared with pseudorandom bit sequences simulation and, meanwhile, reduce runtime by 25× when using a general PBO solver and by 150× when using our proposed heuristic algorithm.
Inhibitory control of rat lateral amygdaloid projection cells.

Abstract The amygdaloid complex has long been implicated in seizure disorders. Yet, projection cells of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus (LA) display little spontaneous activity suggesting that this seizure prone structure is normally controlled by strong inhibitory mechanisms. This control is achieved in part by local interneurons; however, a synaptically activated, Ca 2+ -dependent K + (K Ca ) conductance has recently been identified as a second major inhibitory mechanism. In the present study, we investigated which K Ca channels underlie this conductance, and their roles in the generation of the synaptic responses and spike adaptation of LA projection cells. Intracellular recordings were obtained from LA projection cells in barbiturate-anesthetized rats. In recordings with K-acetate pipettes, perirhinal stimulation evoked an initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) followed by a prolonged monophasic hyperpolarization, similar to what was observed in cats under in vivo conditions, and distinct from the multiphasic hyperpolarization observed previously in rodents with in vitro recordings. This indicates that differences in the cellular environment, not interspecies differences, are responsible for the differing response profiles previously reported. In recordings with pipettes containing 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid or Cs-acetate the reversal potentials were significantly more positive than those recorded with K-acetate, consistent with a K Ca conductance contribution to the response. To investigate the K Ca channels underlying this conductance, intracellular recordings were obtained while perfusing the LA with Ringer's solution and then switching to a solution containing charybdotoxin, isoproterenol, or apamin. Charybdotoxin and isoproterenol produced positive shifts in the reversal potential, whereas apamin did not. By contrast, all three substances decreased adaptation during spike trains elicited by depolarizing current injections. These results suggest that intermediate (IK) and small (SK) conductance K Ca channels limit LA projection cell excitability, with IK channels involved in controlling both the synaptic response and intrinsic excitability of these neurons, and SK channels being involved only in the latter.
Technology and diabetes self-management: An integrative review

Technology can be used to supplement healthcare provider diabetes care by providing both educational and motivational support. Education can be provided using technology allowing patients to learn new practices and routines related to diabetes management. Technology can support daily diabetes self-management activities including blood glucose monitoring, exercising, healthy eating, taking medication, monitoring for complications, and problem-solving. This article describes an integrative review conducted to evaluate the types of technology being used to facilitate diabetes self-management and the effect of that technology on self-management and diabetes outcomes for adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature review was conducted by searching Medline, PubMed, and Psych INFO databases using the search terms: diabetes self-management, technology, type 2 diabetes, smartphones, cell phones, and diabetes mellitus covering the years from 2008-2013. Articles relying on secondary data (editorials, systematic reviews) and articles describing study protocol only were excluded. Fourteen studies including qualitative, quasi-experimental, and randomized controlled trial designs were identified and included in the review. The review found that technological interventions had positive impacts on diabetes outcomes including improvements in hemoglobin A1C levels, diabetes self-management behaviors, and diabetes self-efficacy. Results indicate that technological interventions can benefit people living with diabetes when used in conjunction with diabetes care delivered by healthcare providers.
CHANGES IN PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN CHICKEN TISSUES DURING COOKING IN FRESH AND REUSED COOKING OIL, AND DURING FROZEN STORAGE

Chicken pieces were cooked in fresh corn oil and in corn oil previously heated up to 42 hr. Both raw and cooked chicken pieces were also frozen and stored for periods up to 6 months prior to analyses. Phospholipids were separated from muscle and skin, and identified primarily as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Total phosphorus content of phospholipids decreased during cooking in fresh corn oil by chemical reactions and/or by rendering fats from muscle. Phosphatidylcholine decreased the most. Use of reheated corn oil accentuated the changes in phospholipids. During frozen storage, phosphorus content of muscle decreased by an amount similar to that which occurred during cooking. Chicken skin contained less total phosphorus than muscle, and increased slightly during the cooking process.
Robot docking station for automatic battery exchanging and charging

The insufficient duration of the robot is an important issue, especially for security robots and surveillance robots. The battery exchanging is a perfect solution for insufficient duration. A novel design of robot docking station for automatic battery exchanging and charging is presented in this study. The battery is automatically exchanging within 45 seconds. A design of movable carrier allows a larger misalignment of ±9 degree between the robot and the docking station. Furthermore, the robot needs not to turn off the robot system with a specific design of electrical conduction unit, and the autonomous robot is prevented damage from surge current during the battery exchanging processes.
Effective Management Strategies for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Although the diagnostic features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are well defined, the condition is not always easy to recognize; in studies in primary care settings, recognition rates as low as 2% have been reported. Somatization and comorbid disorders are more likely to serve as presenting features, including substance abuse, depression, and suicide attempts. Education, support, and stress reduction techniques are all important elements in the management of PTSD. Exposure and cognitive restructuring have proven efficacy and are associated with low relapse rates. Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is widely used, it is inferior to conventional types of prolonged exposure or cognitive therapy. Treatment with antidepressants produces a broad array of benefits and is associated with relapse prevention when medication is maintained for at least 1 year; ending medication early is associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of relapse. Full remission can occur with use of an SSR...
'Green' hardware development process

This paper describes one possibility of a methodical procedure concerning the development of more ecological products, i.e. the product has minimum negative influence on the environment during the product phases development, production, operation and end-of-life. This procedure consists of independent steps: ecological product strategy, product specification and an accompanying measurement methodology. In order to control success the latter has been shown to be especially effective. The individual steps of the procedure and the first results of this approach are shown. >
Exceptional Preservation of Insects in Lacustrine Environments

Abstract Insects are diverse and abundant components of most terrestrial ecosystems today and are well represented in the fossil record with first occurrences in the Early Devonian. Fossil deposits that include exceptionally preserved insect assemblages are found in several different types of Lagerstatten, with their preservation in amber and in lake sediments being of greatest importance. Researchers have used a variety of approaches to study the taphonomy of insects preserved in lacustrine environments and have identified several important variables that contribute to the preservation potential of insects. A combination of insect ecology, morphology, and the depositional setting in which an insect specimen rests influence the preservation potential of insects and ultimately affect the spatial, temporal, and compositional resolution of fossil assemblages. In general, lacustrine insect assemblages experience very little spatial and temporal averaging. Compositional fidelity of assemblages tends to be low,...
Handling Updates of a Pairwise Sequence Alignment

Sequence alignment or decoding in molecular biology is mostly done via computationally expensive dynamic programming (DP) based approaches. Unfortunately, as sequencing errors are discovered frequently, researchers must repeat all previous similarity analysis for the erroneous sequence. This can take hours or days. In this work, we derive relative tolerance bounds on node distances from a root node that guarantee that partial shortest path distances remain optimal. We then propose an algorithm that uses these bounds to skip all unperturbed parts of a sequence when recomputing an alignment. We also discuss techniques to reduce the memory requirements of the algorithm by focusing on the highly conserved segments of the sequence. Experimental results establish that our proposed alignment procedure can update alignment decisions of modified sequence with 4.6% to 18% of the number of computations required by the normal Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, depending on sequence length. Higher computational savings are achieved with longer sequences.
Transnasal esophagoscopy and the diagnosis of a mediastinal foregut duplication cyst.

A 61-year-old asymptomatic man was referred to the otolaryngology clinic at UCLA with a left paratracheal mass. The lesion had been found incidentally when the patient had undergone ultrasound to evaluate his carotid arteries. He denied any change in voice, dysphagia, shortness of breath, weight loss, or fevers. Upon physical examination, the patient had normal voice quality, normal vocal fold mobility, and no neck masses or lymphadenopat hy. Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) revealed a smooth compression of the left anterior wall of the esophagus superior to the aortic pulsation, mildly narrowing the esophageal lumen (figure 1). Computed tomography (CT) of the neck and chest revealed a lesion approximately 5 cm in diameter located between the trachea and esophagus (figure 2); however, the lesion did not directly involve either of these structures. Based on the constellation of imaging findings, a presumptive diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst was made, given the separation of the cyst from the esophageal wall; however, in the absence of histology, the differential diagnosis included esophageal duplication cyst. Foregut duplication cysts are true mucus-filled cysts lined with a thin epithelial layer, arising from either bronchogenic, esophageal, or neuroenteric precursor tissue; the cysts can be differentiate d from one another histologically by the identification of the tissuespecific epithelial phenotype. A rare entity, the foregut duplication cyst most often has been identified within the pediatrie population. It presents most commonly with respiratory distress and feeding difficulty in infants. Although uncommon, lesions may be discovered in older adults (age >60 years) either incidentally or as a result of newly developing symptoms, including
Optimal antibiotic regimen for treating lower UTI in children.

For the afebrile child with a UTI, a short course (three to seven days) of antibiotics is as effective at preventing the recurrence of symptomatic UTI as a long course (seven to 10 days). There is no clear evidence of superiority for any one antibiotic regimen.
Stochastic convergence of stack filters and Boolean networks

Stack filters are a large class of nonlinear filters that include median and ranked-order filters. Usually, these filters are analyzed in terms of their invariant signals and their convergence behavior. Convergence refers to whether iterative application of a stack filter to a signal will make it converge to an invariant signal. Previous convergence results have been deterministic results for limited classes of stack filters. In these results, the "visiting strategy" for the filter kernel as it filters a signal is arbitrary, but known a priori. Here, we use a new stochastic approach, with randomly evolving visiting strategies, that applies to all stack filters. We show that, within this framework, all stack filters make all input signals converge almost surely. A result for Boolean networks follows as a corollary. >
Management in multimedia cooperative applications

The goal is to describe a model for management in cooperative applications. This model is part of a more complex architecture for real-time multimedia cooperative applications. The authors present the cooperative application model and architecture, and position and justify the need for management functions in such applications. They suggest and discuss a generic architecture for the management of cooperative applications. A set of management functions is described which is of importance in cooperative applications. For each of these functions a representation using the Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN1) is provided. >
Issues in the choice of genetic configuration for animal aging models

Animals used in aging research are generally of three genetic types-outbred, inbred, and hybrid. These three types have differing uses and characteristics. Outbred animals are heterozygous at many genetic loci and all individuals are genetically unique. Inbred animals are homozygous at all loci and genetically identical to one another. F1 hybrids are heterozygous at many loci, but genetically identical. Both theoretical and empirical findings suggest that each of these models behaves somewhat differently with respect to aging. This presentation will detail these theoretical and empirical findings, and suggest what uses each genetic type might best be put to with respect to aging research.
Milestones of Chronic Sorrow: Perspectives of Chronically III and Bereaved Persons and Family Caregivers

Chronic sorrow is the presence of pervasive grief-related feelings that have been found to occur periodically throughout the lives of individuals with chronic health conditions, their family caregivers, and the bereaved. These feelings emerge in response to an ongoing disparity that results from the loss of the anticipated “normal” lifestyle of these persons. Circumstances and situations shown to trigger chronic sorrow in a variety of these populations are defined. Similarities and differences of the trigger events among groups and the implications for family nursing practice are discussed. Support that has been identified as helpful when life circumstances evoke chronic sorrow is described.
Metric for Systems Evaluation and Design of Satellite-Based Internet Links

A metric of the cost to maintain a 1.544 Mbps link is developed for systems evaluation of satellite based Internet links. The major limiting factors addressed are satellite power resources, achievable link margins, rain attenuation, and distributed market models. The life cycle costs are estimated for satellite design and construction, launch, insurance, gateways, gateway and control center operations, and terrestrial Internet connections. The cost per Tl minute to obtain a given internal rate of return is calculated from the achievable capacity and cost estimates. The metric is evaluated for five modeled systems in geosynchronou s and low Earth orbits to demonstrate the applicability of the metric to the systems engineering and design process. The metric shows the sensitivity of the systems to market variations and illustrates the criticality of beam placement and deployment strategies to minimize risk.
Can prevention trials test theories of etiology

This paper addresses the issue of whether prevention research methods, particularly those involving randomized prevention trials, can be used to test theories concerning the etiology of psychopathology. Based on recent empirical and theoretical work in developmental psychopathology, three aspects of etiologic theory are discussed: risk and protective mechanisms, the integration of environmental and genetic factors, and patterns of developmental progression in psychopathology across the life span. It is suggested that integration of prevention trial methods with methods from passive correlational designs, behavioral genetics, and longitudinal studies allows for unique opportunities to test hypotheses about etiology. Empirical literature on the development and prevention of internalizing disorders, particularly depression, is presented to support this argument. Limitations of prevention trials for testing theory are also reviewed.
Explaining Southern Disadvantage in Verbal Facility among Young Children

Les AA. presentent un certain nombre de resultats extraits d'une enquete nationale americaine realisee en 1986 et concernant la jeunesse. Ils montrent qu'il existe des differences regionales concernant les aptitudes des enfants en matiere cognitive dans le processus d'acquisition du langage. Ils etudient, plus particulierement, les performances et les aptitudes orales des jeunes enfants originaires du sud des Etats-Unis. Ceux-ci paraissent moins brillants en ce domaine que les enfants originaires du nord du pays. Les AA. examinent les facteurs sociaux capables d'expliquer ce phenomene : les comportements educatifs des parents, la structure familiale, les conditions de travail des parents et l'environnement familial des enfants
Capacitative Calcium Entry.

Capacitative Ca2+ entry is a recently discovered Ca2+ entry pathway that is activated on depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, providing an avenue for store refilling. Despite recent progress in elucidating the capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway, the mysteries of its molecular identity, its biophysical properties, and the store depletion signal remain.
A rationale for monoamine oxidase inhibition as neuroprotective therapy for parkinson's disease

Neurons in the substantia nigra may be vulnerable to oxidant stress because (a) the metabolism of dopamine generates peroxides, which, in the presence of iron, can lead to the formation of the highly reactive hydroxyl free radical; and (b) neuromelanin within nigral neurons can bind metals such as iron and aluminum and thereby promote the site-specific formation of free radicals. Postmortem studies show increased iron, decreased glutathione, and increased lipid peroxidation in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies also report iron and aluminum accumulation within neuromelanin granules of patients with PD. These findings suggest that the substantia nigra in the patient with PD is in a state of oxidant stress and that antioxidant therapy might protect residual dopamine neurons and slow the natural progression of PD. Selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) have been chosen for study because of their capacity to interfere with the oxidative metabolism of dopamine and so diminish the likelihood that free radicals will be formed. Initial studies demonstrate that the MAO-B inhibitor L-deprenyl (selegiline) delays the development of disability in otherwise untreated patients with early Parkinson's disease. Although the mechanism responsible for these observations remains unclear, these results are consistent with the possibility that L-deprenyl provides neuroprotective effects.
Reproductive biology of yellow starthistle: maximizing late-season control.

Abstract Field studies at three sites and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the reproductive potential, flower phenology, seed viability and germination, and overall seedbank longevity of yellow starthistle in the Central Valley of California. At the three study sites, seedheads contained an average of between 65 and 83 achenes. Overall, 85% of the achenes were the interior pappus-bearing type, and the remaining 15% were the outer nonpappus-bearing type. Germinable seed did not initially develop until the late corolla senescence stage 8 d after flower initiation. Seed germination and viability 1 wk after dispersal were similar (86 and 91%, respectively). Comparison in flower phenology in 1996 and 1997 indicated that development from initial anthesis to achene dispersal more closely corresponded to days, rather than thermal units. In the field, germinable seed was produced when more than 2% of the total seedheads had initiated anthesis. To minimize seed production with late-season cont...
The Influence of Mesoscale Orography on a Coastal Jet and Rainband

Abstract The role of mesoscale orography along the central California coast in the development and evolution of a coastal jet and rainband is investigated using a high-resolution, triply nested, nonhydrostatic numerical model. Comparison of the model simulations, which use horizontal grid increments of 5 and 2 km on the inner computational meshes, with a coastal mesoscale observation network indicates that the finescale structure of the jet and rainband dynamics are adequately simulated, although phase and orientation errors occur. The observed and simulated near-surface winds have maximum speeds that exceed 22 m s−1 and a direction nearly parallel to the coastline and topography. Force balance analysis indicates that blocking in the lowest 500 m and flow over the coastal range above this layer contribute to mesoscale pressure perturbations, including pressure ridging upstream of the coastal mountains, which forces the ageostrophic dynamics of the coastal jet. Pressure perturbations associated with the to...
Nomogramme zur schnellen Auswertung der Aräometerlesungen

Die Bestimmung der Korngrose und Prozentwerte erfordert die Losung der Gl. (2) und (16) oder (18) fur jede Araometerlesung. Der Zeitaufwand fur diese Arbeit kann durch die Anwendung graphischer Losungen auf einen Bruchteil verringert werden. Der Verfasser hat eine Reihe von Losungen entworfen, und hat schlieslich die in Abb. 11 u. 12 dargestellten Nomogramme fur am besten geeignet gefunden.
The Quantum Path Most Taken

I will describe theory and experiments with superconducting qubits revealing how a quantum gets from state A to state B, while being both measured and driven simultaneously. This most probable path may be found using a principle of least action.
Lesbian Uses of and Satisfaction with Mental Health Services: Results from Boston Lesbian Health Project

In response to the dearth of specific information about lesbians' health status and practices in the health literature, a national study utilizing a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 1987 by four associates of the Fenway Community Health Center in Boston to access data in these areas. The questionnaire solicited information about demographics, health practices, stress in personal and work lives, mental and physical health problems, sexual practices, family history of health related problems, and genetic attributes hypothesized to be related to "gayness." Questionnaires from 1,633 lesbian women provided the database for the study. This paper discusses the portion of the survey that dealt with mental health services and life experiences. Past studies that investigated mental health needs of lesbians focused on the quality of treatment by mental health providers, rates of suicide attempts, and alcoholism. This paper compares these past findings with the responses of the lesbians in this national, community-based study. Findings indicate that although a significant number of the lesbian women in this sample had been in therapy, they sought out therapy as a coping strategy to deal with similar issues as other women, i.e., depression and relationships. Suicide attempts decreased considerably after adolescence and "coming out." Rates of alcohol use and abuse, although difficult to compare with other studies, were higher than other women but similar to other studies investigating a community sample of lesbians. Even with a high family history of alcoholism, less than 5 percent reported having sought out therapy to deal with any issues of alcohol or drug use.
CONTRAST AND COLOR CLINCH THE DIAGNOSIS: LESSONS FROM AN OUT OF PROPORTION, SUBACUTE POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATION

Concomitant occurrence of left ventricular aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm is extremely rare, but with devastating outcomes if not promptly recognized. Patients rarely present with an insidious, subacute course. Beyond traditional epidemiologic risk factors, women with ischemic heart disease and
Getting Started with Home-Based Medical Care

This chapter reviews the three major issues relevant to getting started with a home-based medical service. They are (1) defining the clinical and geographic aspects of a target population, (2) how to build a practice and team structure for a defined population, and (3) what are the financial options for long-term sustainability. Building an effective and sustainable home-based medical practice depends on creating a dedicated core team to deliver comprehensive medical and social services focused on avoiding high-cost events, successful integration of community service partners, establishing a strong administrative structure, and a diversified financial model.
Recent results after repair of atrioventricular canal

Twelve patients with the complete form of persistent atrioventricular (AV) canal were operated upon at the University of Wisconsin between May, 1972, and November, 1975. The technique originally described by Rastelli and his associates was used. All 12 patients are asymptomatic and well, with no hospital or late deaths. Postoperative cardiac catheterization in 8 patients showed a return to near normal dynamics, with minimal residual mitral insufficiency. Half of these children had type A and half type C malformations; both types could be repaired without the need for valve replacement. Since 3 of these patients were less than 2 years of age, we now feel that complete repair of the AV canal can be undertaken in children between 12 and 18 months of age for optimal management.
TRANSFORMATION OF LYMPHOCYTES IN CULTURES OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD.

Previous tracer studies have demonstrated the lymphocytic origin of proliferating cells in blood cultures. Detailed morphologic observations are reported on the transformation of small lymphocytes into larger cells capable of division in tissue culture of human peripheral blood. The large cells have ample cytoplasm with multivesicular bodies, well-developed Golgi apparatus, scanty endoplasmic reticulum, ample ribosomes, and variable fat-laden vacuoles as well as peculiar granular inclusions, large and occasionally bizarre nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Under the condition of culture no further differentiation of these cells has occurred. The potentialities of the small lymphocyte are discussed in the light of recent radiobiologic and cytogenetic investigations.
Roses Are Red, Socks Are Blue: Switching Dimensions Disrupts Young Children's Language Comprehension.

Language is used to identify objects in many different ways. An apple can be identified using its name, color, and other attributes. Skilled language comprehension requires listeners to flexibly shift between different dimensions. We asked whether this shifting would be difficult for 3-year-olds, who have relatively immature executive function skills and struggle to switch between dimensions in card sorting tasks. In the current experiment, children first heard a series of sentences identifying objects using a single dimension (either names or colors). In the second half of the experiment, the labeling dimension was switched. Children were significantly less accurate in fixating the correct object following the dimensional switch. This disruption, however, was temporary; recognition accuracy recovered with increased exposure to the new labeling dimension. These findings provide the first evidence that children’s difficulty in shifting between dimensions impacts their ability to comprehend speech. This limitation may affect children’s ability to form rich, multi-dimensional representations when learning new words.
Hydrophobic Interactions Elicit Cooperative Response in Dystrophin

The primary role of dystrophin, a 427 kDa elongated protein, is to stabilize the membrane of muscle cells against the mechanical forces deriving from muscle contraction and relaxation; its absence or mutation lead to various forms of muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin binds to actin through its N-terminus actin binding domain (ABD1), and connects to the cell membrane through its C-terminus; in between, 24 spectrin repeats (SR) with interspersed hinges provide structural flexibility and have been proposed to actively dissipate the mechanical stress. Yet, dystrophin's mechanism of function is largely unknown, preventing effective drug development. Our working hypothesis is that dystrophin's domains are allosterically coupled through specific hydrophobic interactions, and that the response to mechanical stress is propagated across domains through order-to-disorder transitions at their interface. We test this hypothesis with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of dystrophin's SR 1 monomer, SR 17-18 dimer, and the ABD1 domain. Our results support the hypothesis by showing that (a) forced unfolding by pulling initiates at the interface between SR repeats; (b) the linker between SR 17-18 is flexible and allows for distinct conformations at the interface between domains, characterized by different hydrophobic interaction patterns; (c) mutual information analyses show that conformational changes at the dimer's interface and termini are coupled; and (d) hydrophobic interactions between the two CH domains and the connecting linker stabilize a closed conformation of ABD1 that is alternative to the open crystal structure and explains experimental fluorescence results. Our results suggest that the disease may originate from altered hydrophobic interactions, and pave the way for targeted drug development.
Prayer on Top of the Earth: The Spiritual Universe of the Plains Apaches

Seven Elder Historians The Plains Apaches The Apache Universe Prayer on Top of the Earth Birds and Spirits Animals and Spirits People and Spirits Doctoring Ceremonial Dances Pan-Indian Religion Christianity Conclusion.
Recent developments in 2d = (2,2) supersymmetric gauge theories

We review recent developments in two-dimensional &#x1d4a9; = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories focusing on the implementation and applications of localization techniques.
Associations among Habitat Characteristics and Meningeal Worm Prevalence in Eastern South Dakota, USA

Abstract Few studies have evaluated how wetland and forest characteristics influence the prevalence of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) infection of deer throughout the grassland biome of central North America. We used previously collected, county-level prevalence data to evaluate associations between habitat characteristics and probability of meningeal worm infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across eastern South Dakota, US. The highest-ranked binomial regression model for detecting probability of meningeal worm infection was spring temperature + summer precipitation + percent wetland; weight of evidence (wi=0.71) favored this model over alternative models, though predictive capability was low (Receiver operating characteristic=0.62). Probability of meningeal worm infection increased by 1.3- and 1.6-fold for each 1-cm and 1-C increase in summer precipitation and spring temperature, respectively. Similarly, probability of infection increased 1.2-fold for each 1% increase in ...
Risk factors for unplanned readmission following head and neck microvascular reconstruction: Results from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, 2011–2014

Introduction Unplanned readmissions are associated with decreased healthcare quality and increased costs. This nationwide study examines causes for unplanned readmission among head and neck cancer patients undergoing immediate microsurgical reconstruction. Methods Patients undergoing head and neck tumor resection with microsurgical reconstruction were identified in the 2011–2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Clinical characteristics and complications were compared among patients who did and did not undergo unplanned readmission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Database search revealed 1,063 patients, 94 (8.8%) of whom had unplanned readmissions. Readmitted patients had significantly higher ASA scores (14.9% vs.7.3% ASA class 4 patients; P = 0.03) and significantly higher rates of disseminated cancer (14.9% vs.7.1%; P = 0.01), laryngopharyngectomy (17.0% vs.6.9%; P = 0.0005), deep wound infection (22.3% vs.2.4%; P < 0.0001), wound dehiscence (19.1% vs.3.3%; P < 0.0001), and blood transfusion within 72 h of surgery (44.7% vs.32.6%; P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression revealed deep wound infection (OR = 8.65, P < 0.0001) and wound dehiscence (OR = 3.69, P = 0.0004) to be independent predictors of unplanned readmission. Conclusions Deep wound infection and wound dehiscence were independent predictors of unplanned readmission among head and neck cancer patients undergoing immediate microsurgical reconstruction. Institutions should focus efforts on improving wound surveillance, outpatient strategies for wound care, and optimization of discharge planning for this complex patient population.
Prognostic Value of the Neurological Exam in Cardiac Arrest Patients Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia (S46.008)

Objectives: To assess the prognostic value and timing of the neurological exam in cardiac arrest (CA) patients following therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Background: The 2006 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) practice parameter provided useful prognostication guidelines for comatose CA survivors, but was based on studies from the pre-hypothermia era. Because TH often requires sedation and neuromuscular blockade, the utility of the exam has been questioned at 72 hours, but there is insufficient data regarding the exam beyond this point. Methods: Patients (n=291) admitted between 2008-2015 to Columbia University ICUs for TH following CA had neurological exams performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-arrest. Absent pupillary light response (PLR), absent corneal reflexes (CR), and Glasgow coma motor scores (GCS-M) no better than extension were considered poor exams. Poor outcome was recorded as the cerebral performance category (CPC ≥3) at discharge and 1 year. Performance characteristics of exam maneuvers were calculated for each time point. Results: Among the 137 survivors to day 7, sensitivities and negative predictive values were low at all time points. The PLR had false positive rates (FPRs) of 0[percnt] and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100 [percnt] from day 3 onward. The FPRs decreased for CR (9[percnt] vs. 3[percnt]) and GCS-M (21[percnt] vs. 9[percnt]) while PPVs increased (CR: 91[percnt] vs. 96[percnt]; GCS-M 90[percnt] vs. 95[percnt]) between days 3 and 5. Excluding patients who died due to withdrawal of life sustaining therapy (WLST) did not significantly affect the FPRs or PPVs, nor did assessing outcome as CPC at 1 year. Conclusions: A poor neurological exam remains a strong predictor of poor outcome, both at discharge and 1-year, independent of WLST. Following TH, the predictive value of the exam is insufficient at day 3, but improves with time, suggesting that patients may benefit from delaying prognostication beyond day 3. Disclosure: Dr. Matthews has nothing to disclose. Dr. Magid-Bernstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Velazquez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Falo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Claassen has received personal compensation for activities with the JSMF Foundation, Actelion, and SAGE Pharmaceutical. Dr. Agarwal has nothing to disclose.
Leveraging Opportunities for Postpartum Weight Interventions

Approximately 20 million US women are considered overweight or obese. African American women share a disproportionate burden of obesity. To date, few studies have assessed the effects of behavioral interventions, tailored to the specific lifestyle challenges of postpartum African American women. Efforts to address the disparate rates of obesity in African American women should include assessment of knowledge and knowledge gaps, development and testing of behavioral interventions, and translation of evidence into clinical practice. Developing interventions that are tailored to this vulnerable group of women and promoting policies that can begin to address the health consequences in African American women is a public health priority.
Quality, Safety, and Practical Considerations of Using Biologic Therapies

Biologic medications including anti-TNF, anti-integrin, and anti-IL12/23 therapies induce remission and clinical response among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although generally safe, biologics may place the patient at a small increased risk for developing infections and malignancy, the latter likely more relevant when in combination with thiopurines. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has added “boxed warnings” about the increased risk of serious infections and malignancy for anti-TNF agents, although subsequent experience and research have demonstrated that these medications are safe when used appropriately. Successful and safe use of biologic therapies requires an understanding of contraindications, appropriate patient education, screening and baseline lab testing, and vaccination schedules prior to initiation or during biologic therapy. In addition, drug selection, proper administration, safety monitoring during treatment, and monitoring after treatment discontinuation are important to understand the appropriate use of these medications. The purpose of this chapter is to provide quality, safety, and practical considerations when using biologic therapies in patients with IBD.
The acute effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on declarative memory and inhibitory control

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of acute moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on two aspects of cognition: declarative memory and inhibitory control. Design A within-subjects design. Methods Thirty-six participants (female = 18, age = 21.5 ± 3.1 years) performed sessions of 20 min rest, MICE, and HIIT on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following each session, a free recall task and a modified flanker task were performed to assess declarative memory and inhibitory control. The P3 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) was measured during the flanker task to assess the neuroelectrical mechanism underlying inhibitory control. Results Free recall performance was improved following MICE and HIIT compared to rest. During the flanker task, MICE and HIIT resulted in shorter reaction time compared to rest, and decreased reaction time interference scores were observed following HIIT compared to rest. Larger P3 amplitude was observed following MICE compared to HIIT and rest, whereas HIIT resulted in shorter P3 latency compared to rest. Conclusions The present investigation demonstrated similar short-term facilitating effects on declarative memory and inhibitory control following MICE and HIIT, which may exert differential influences on neuroelectrical mechanisms underlying inhibitory control operations.
The effects of extra PCR cycles when amplifying skeletal samples with the GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit.

When samples with low amounts of DNA are amplified using short tandem repeats (STRs), stochastic effects such as allele and locus dropout or drop-in, allele imbalance, and increased stutter often occur making data interpretation more difficult. The most common approach to improving STR results from low template samples is to increase the number of PCR cycles. Although more alleles may be recovered, stochastic effects may be exaggerated resulting in more complicated STR profiles. This work reports the effect of additional PCR cycles (29 vs. 30, 31, and 32) on STR success from environmentally challenged bone and tooth samples using the GlobalFiler® DNA Amplification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). In addition, we compared the efficiency of two DNA extraction kits for skeletal samples: QIAamp® DNA Investigator (QIAGEN) and PrepFiler® BTA™ Forensic DNA Extraction (Thermo Fisher Scientific) kits. Results showed that more DNA was recovered from samples using the PrepFiler® BTA™ kit; but regardless of the extraction method, the number of alleles detected and the peak heights both increased with an increase in PCR cycle number. Although more alleles were reported in almost all samples, the most notable improvement was observed in samples with the DNA template < 120 pg. A general increase in the number of PCR artifacts was detected in STR profiles generated using 30-32 cycles. Overall, this study provides supporting evidence that STR profile completeness and quality may be improved when low template skeletal samples are amplified with extra PCR cycles (up to 32 cycles) using the GlobalFiler® DNA Amplification Kit.
Design of a class-F power amplifier with reconfigurable output harmonic termination in 0.13 Âµm CMOS

Next generation wireless communication technology requires mobile devices and base stations to support multiband multimode frequencies with higher data rate because of the type of enriched and enhanced features and services that are provided to the end user. The challenge for next generation PA designers is to provide high efficiency, output power and good linearity across multiple frequency bands, modulation standards and bandwidth. Current industry solution involves parallel PAs dedicated to a single band of operation. As more and more features are added, more and more PAs will be required with increasing cost, area and complexity. As a solution to this problem, one tunable fully integrated class-F power amplifier with reconfigurable output harmonic termination is proposed, designed, fabricated and tested with a commercially available 0.13μm CMOS process technology. By using the coupling between the primary and the secondary winding of an on chip transformer with a variable secondary termination capacitance, the second and third harmonic short and open circuit frequencies are dynamically tuned from 700 MHz to 1200 MHz and achieve high efficiency and output power. To overcome CMOS process low break down voltage, a series voltage combining approach is used for the power device to boost output power, by allowing the power supply to exceed process limits. The fabricated die was packaged and mounted to a printed circuit board for evaluation. Compared to previously publish fully integrated PAs, our design exhibits superior peak power added efficiency, 48.4%, and decent saturated output power and power gain of 24.6 dBm and 16.5 dB respectively with reconfigurability from 700 MHz to 1200 MHz.