cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMAGING OF DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTED NOISE SOURCES

This study relates to the acoustic imaging of noise sources that are distributed and strongly directional, such as in turbulent jets. The goal is to generate high-resolution noise source maps with self-consistency, i.e., their integration over the extent of the noise source region gives the far-field pressure auto-spectrum for a particular emission direction. Self-consistency is possible by including a directivity factor in the formulation of the source cross-spectral density. The resulting source distribution is based on the complex coherence, rather than the cross-spectrum, of the measured acoustic field. For jet noise, whose spectral nature changes with emission angle, it is necessary to conduct the measurements with a narrow-aperture array. Three coherence-based imaging methods were applied to a Mach 0.9 turbulent jet: delay-and-sum beamforming; deconvolution of the beamformer output; and direct spectral estimation that relies on minimizing the difference between the measured and modeled coherences of the acoustic field. The delay-and-sum beamforming generates noise source maps with strong spatial distortions and sidelobes. Deconvolution leads to a five-fold improvement in spatial resolution and significantly reduces the intensity of the sidelobes. The direct spectral estimation produces maps very similar to those obtained by deconvolution. The coherence-based noise source maps, obtained by deconvolution or direct spectral estimation, are similar at small and large observation angles relative to the jet axis.
Generalizations of the Chua equations

We present two generalizations of the equations governing Chua's circuit. In the type-I generalization of Chua's equations we use a 2-D autonomous flow as a component in a 3-D autonomous flow in such a way that the resulting equations will have double-scroll attractors similar to those observed experimentally in Chua's circuit. The value of this generalization is that (1) it provides a building block approach to the construction of chaotic circuits from simpler 2-D components that are not chaotic by themselves. In so doing, it provides an insight into how chaotic systems can be built up from simple nonchaotic parts; (2) it illustrates a precise relationship between 3-D flows and 1-D maps. In the type-II generalized Chua equations we show that attractors similar to the Lorenz and Rossler attractors can be produced in a building block approach using only piecewise linear vector fields. As a result we have a method of producing the Lorenz and Rossler dynamics in a circuit without the use of multipliers. These results suggest that the generalized Chua equations are in some sense fundamental in that the dynamics of the three most important autonomous 3-D differential equations producing chaos are seen as variations of a single class of equations whose nonlinearities are generalizations of the Chua diode. >
Is casework effective? a review

SOCIAL WORK The core of professional practice is a com mitment to competence—a commitment that most directly refers to a concern with the effective carrying out of professional services. Unfortunately, social casework, the largest segment of the social work pro fession, has been criticized consistently and most dramatically for its failure to demon strate clearly effectiveness in helping cli ents.1 Much of the criticism leveled at casework, however, has been based either on ideological grounds, with little apparent concern for research data to support such criticism, or on an inadequate review of research, for example, using only one study, from which the critic attempts to draw conclusions for the entire profession. One can hardly be confident in conclusions de rived from such methods of evaluation.
VIOLATION OF RICHARDSON'S CRITERION VIA INTRODUCTION OF A MAGNETIC FIELD

Shear flow instabilities can profoundly affect the diffusion of momentum in jets, stars, and disks. The Richardson criterion gives a sufficient condition for instability of a shear flow in a stratified medium. The velocity gradient V � can only destabilize a stably stratified medium with squared Brunt-V¨ ais¨ alfrequency N 2 if V � 2 /4 >N 2 . We find this is no longer true when the medium is a magnetized plasma. We investigate the effect of stable stratification on the magnetic field and velocity profiles unstable to magneto-shear instabilities, i.e., instabilities which require the presence of both magnetic field and shear flow. We show that a family of profiles originally studied by Tatsuno & Dorland remains unstable even when V � 2 /4 <N 2 , violating the Richardson criterion. However, not all magnetic fields can result in a violation of the Richardson criterion. We consider a class of flows originally considered by Kent, which are destabilized by a constant magnetic field, and show that they become stable when V � 2 /4 <N 2 ,a s predicted by the Richardson criterion. This suggests that magnetic free energy is required to violate the Richardson criterion. This work implies that the Richardson criterion cannot be used when evaluating the ideal stability of a sheared, stably stratified, and magnetized plasma. We briefly discuss the implications for astrophysical systems.
Nuclear Security Applications of Antineutrino Detectors: Current Capabilities and Future Prospects

Antineutrinos are electrically neutral, nearly massless fundamental particles produced in large numbers in the cores of nuclear reactors and in nuclear explosions. In the half century since their discovery, major advances in the understanding of their properties, and in detector technology, have opened the door to a new discipline—Applied Antineutrino Physics. Because antineutrinos are inextricably linked to the process of nuclear fission, there are many applications of interest in nuclear nonproliferation. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of applied antineutrino physics relevant for nonproliferation, summarizes recent advances in the field, describes the overlap of this nascent discipline with other ongoing fundamental and applied antineutrino research, and charts a course for research and development for future applications. It is intended as a resource for policymakers, researchers, and the wider nuclear nonproliferation community.
The Brain, Cognitive Enhancement Devices, and European Regulation

Exciting advances in neuroscience have given rise to devices—now being sold worldwide—which hold the promise of enhancing human cognition. This concerns Maslen et al.—authors of the article, The Regulation of Cognitive Enhancement Devices: Extending the Medical Model—because there are unaddressed possible harms from such equipment. Cognitive enhancement devices (CEDs) are currently entering the European market without special regulations. Their unique ability to influence the brain in potentially deleterious ways is not being accounted for by the law, exposing consumers to risk. In arguing for such regulation, Maslen et al. present risk analyses of certain devices that interact with the brain. They then propose CED-specific additions to existing European medical device regulation. First, they recommend a positive list of CEDs to be regulated. Second, they offer a three-tiered framework for categorizing CEDs, determining market approval, and what level of government scrutiny they receive based on risks and benefits. The authors’ assessment, while demonstrating legitimate concerns, presents a flawed analysis of CEDs and is ultimately unnecessary. We disagree with their definition of CEDs and classifications for certain devices. Moreover, we believe that the regulatory gap Maslen et al. seek to address is not as profound as they portray. Steps are underway to fill this gap in the immediate future, obviating the need for their proposal. Finally, we argue that the authors incorrectly balance risk and benefit when determining CED market approval.
The paragon performance monitoring environment

Parallel systems present a special challenge to debugging and performance analysis given the massive amounts of data and physically distributed state of the application. The authors describe an integrated toolset that provides an extensible and consistent programming environment for monitoring and visualizing the performance of parallel applications. It uses a scalable distributed monitoring system to gather performance data that drive profiling and graphical performance visualization tools. Performance data are analyzed by both application and system oriented performance tools which are tied together by a common graphical interface.
Bayesian biosurveillance of disease outbreaks

Early, reliable detection of disease outbreaks is a critical problem today. This paper reports an investigation of the use of causal Bayesian networks to model spatio-temporal patterns of a non-contagious disease (respiratory anthrax infection) in a population of people. The number of parameters in such a network can become enormous, if not carefully managed. Also, inference needs to be performed in real time as population data stream in. We describe techniques we have applied to address both the modeling and inference challenges. A key contribution of this paper is the explication of assumptions and techniques that are sufficient to allow the scaling of Bayesian network modeling and inference to millions of nodes for real-time surveillance applications. The results reported here provide a proof-of-concept that Bayesian networks can serve as the foundation of a system that effectively performs Bayesian biosurveillance of disease outbreaks.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furans by the Electrophile-Induced Coupling of 2-(1-Alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones and Nucleophiles

[reaction: see text] The coupling of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with nucleophiles, either catalyzed by AuCl3 or induced by an electrophile, provides highly substituted furans in good to excellent yields under very mild reaction conditions. Various nucleophiles, including functionally substituted alcohols, H2O, carboxylic acids, 1,3-diketones, and electron-rich arenes, and a range of cyclic and acyclic 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones readily participate in these cyclizations. Iodine, NIS, and PhSeCl have proven successful as electrophiles in this process. The resulting iodine-containing furans can be readily elaborated to more complex products using known organopalladium chemistry.
State space models of remote manipulation tasks

A state variable formulation of the remote manipulation problem is presented, applicable to human-supervised or autonomous computer-manipulators. A discrete state vector, containing position variables for the manipulator and relevant objects, spans a quantized state space comprising many static configurations of objects and hand. A manipulation task is a desired new state. State transitions are assigned costs and are accomplished by commands: hand motions plus grasp, release, push, twist, etc. In control theory terms the problem is to find the cheapest control history (if any) from present to desired state. A method similar to dynamic programming is used to determine the optimal history. The system is capable of obstacle avoidance, grasp rendezvous, incorporation of new sensor data, remembering results of previous tasks, and so on.
From Malthusian stagnation to modern growth.

This paper investigates the historical evolution of the relationship among population growth technological change and standard of living. The analysis focuses on two most important differences among the Malthusian Regime Post-Malthusian Regime and Modern Growth Regime. These were the behavior of income per capita and the relationship between the level of income per capita and the population growth rate. The Modern Growth Regime is characterized by steady growth in both income per capita and the level of technology. In the Malthusian regime technological progress and population growth was glacial by modern standards and income per capita was fairly constant. In contrast to the Modern Growth Regime the relationship between per capita income and population growth in the Malthusian Regime was positive. Post-Malthusian Regime shared one characteristic with each of the two regimes. In addition this paper developed and described an endogenous-growth model consistent with the above mentioned transition process.
Farm Level Impacts of a Revenue Based Policy in the 2007 Farm Bill

Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, July 29-August 1, 2007. Copyright 2007 by Lindsey M. Higgins, James W. Richardson, Joe L. Outlaw, and J. Marc Raulston. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies.
Perspectives on the Ecology of Decision Modes: Reply to Comments

We welcome and appreciate the insights and perspectives provided by Schwartz (2010, this issue), Tetlock and Mitchell (2010, this issue), and Bazerman and Greene (2010, this issue). Our thinking has benefited considerably from their responses, and we appreciate the opportunity to continue the discussion. In our reply, we address issues concerning the scope of moral rules and of cost-benefit analysis (CBA), including their relation to other decision modes. We then revisit the issue of closed-world assumptions (CWAs) and the question of how learning processes may operate for different decision modes.
Fixed points of elliptic reversible transformations with integrals

We show that for a certain family of integrable reversible transformations, the curves of periodic points of a general transformation cross the level curves of its integrals. This leads to the divergence of the normal form for a general reversible transformation with integrals. We also study the integrable holomorphic reversible transformations coming from real analytic surfaces in ℂ 2 with non-degenerate complex tangents. We show the existence of real analytic surfaces with hyperbolic complex tangents, which are contained in a real hyperplane, but cannot be transformed into the Moser—Webster normal form through any holomorphic transformation.
Privacy protection method for fine-grained urban traffic modeling using mobile sensors

With the ubiquitous nature of mobile sensing technologies, privacy issues are becoming increasingly important, and need to be carefully addressed. Data needs for transportation modeling and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms that would simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and data needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling applications using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTLs) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of such a privacy protection system by making privacy attacks. The results show that in addition to ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from the privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to urban traffic modeling with satisfactory results. Albeit application-specific, such a “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other transportation applications using mobile sensors.
A generalization of Cachazo-Douglas-Seiberg-Witten conjecture for symmetric spaces

We extend the original Cachazo–Douglas–Seiberg–Witten conjecture on the structure of the chiral ring of classical supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory to symmetric spaces.
GAME MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY

In this paper we study some aspects of the question of international environmental regulation from a game theoretic perspective. We address two broad questions. First, we examine the circumstances under which the pursuit of unilateral environmental policy by a country in a Stackelberg game, will make that country worse off. Second, we study the effects of environmental regulation by means of alternate price control instruments in a Stackelberg game when there is transboundary pollution. We find that there are plausible theoretical circumstances in which the pursuit of unilateral environmental policy is not a good idea. Further, we show that in choosing between alternate pollution control instruments, national governments typically face a tradeoff between instruments which correct more distortions but are costly to implement and instruments which correct fewer distortions but are less costly to implement. In particular, we obtain a dominance result for a tariff policy; this result favors the use of tariffs from an informational standpoint alone.
New catalytic diamination of alkenes provides a novel access to 1-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-trichloromethyl-4,5-imidazolines

Non-oxidative catalytic diamination reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones with N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide and acetonitrile has been established for the synthesis of 1-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-trichloromethyl-4,5-imidazoline derivatives. Rhodium(II) acetate dimer was found to be superior to rhodium(II) heptafluorobutyrate as the catalyst for this reaction which was carried out at 55°C. Six examples were examined with chemical yields of 57–77%.
Synthesis of ortho-phenyl substituted MeO-BIPHEP ligand and its application in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation

Abstract A new BIPHEP-type ligand with phenyl groups at the 3,3′-positions, o -Ph-MeO-BIPHEP 3 was prepared. This ligand afforded excellent enantioselectivities when used in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-dehydroamino acid derivatives. The strong influence of o -phenyl groups of the ligand on the enantioselectivities of the reaction has been demonstrated by a comparison with its parent ligand MeO-BIPHEP.
Pelvic muscle exercise/biofeedback for urinary incontinence after prostatectomy: An education program

Abstract Background. This study tested the effectiveness of pelvic muscle exercise (PME) with biofeedback in reducing the length of time urinary incontinence (UI) was experienced following a radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Methods. Fifty‐three men were randomly assigned to an education intervention group or a control group. The education group received instruction in PME/biofeedback and were given a PME protocol to perform three times per week for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive instruction in PME technique. Both groups recorded urine losses in three‐day bladder diaries, and 24‐hour pad tests were done in weeks 2, 5, 9, and 12 after surgery. Study variables included: 1) length of time urine loss was experienced; 2) episodes and frequency of urine loss; and 3) ounces of urine lost and number of pads used. Results. The PME/biofeedback group regained continence at a mean of 51 days; the non‐PME group at 56 days. Although the PME group demonstrated reductions in episodes, freq...
Modeling and Control of a Magnetostrictive Tool Servo System

A magnetostrictive actuator offers a long mechanical strain output in a broad bandwidth at a cost of a highly nonlinear magnetic hysteresis. Full utilization of this actuator in precision manufacturing requires a feedback loop as well as an advanced control scheme. A robust control scheme using sliding mode control with a variable switching gain was tailored to the nonlinear transducer. Nominal feedforward current controller that drives the magnetostriction was based on the inverse anhysteresis model. An additional switching gain based on the Lyapunov stability condition is implemented to restrain uncertainties. Compared to a traditional closed-loop control design, the proposed algorithm experimentally showed a greatly enhanced performance.
A hybrid building-block and gridless method for compressible flows

A hybrid building-block Cartesian grid and gridless method is presented to compute unsteady compressible flows for complex geometries. In this method, a Cartesian mesh based on a building-block grid is used as a baseline mesh to cover the computational domain, while the boundary surfaces are represented using a set of gridless points. This hybrid method combines the efficiency of a Cartesian grid method and the flexibility of a gridless method for the complex geometries. The developed method is used to compute a number of test cases to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The numerical results obtained indicate that the use of this hybrid method leads to a significant improvement in performance over its unstructured grid counterpart for the time-accurate solution of the compressible Euler equations. An overall speed-up factor from six to more than one order of magnitude and a saving in storage requirements up to one order of magnitude for all test cases in comparison with the unstructured grid method are demonstrated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Shape Fitting via Peeling and Grating Coresets

Let P be a set of n points in ℝ d . A subset $\mathcal {S}$ of P is called a (k,e)-kernel if for every direction, the directional width of $\mathcal {S}$ e-approximates that of P, when k “outliers” can be ignored in that direction. We show that a (k,e)-kernel of P of size O(k/e(d−1)/2) can be computed in time O(n+k2/ed−1). The new algorithm works by repeatedly “peeling” away (0,e)-kernels from the point set. We also present a simple e-approximation algorithm for fitting various shapes through a set of points with at most k outliers. The algorithm is incremental and works by repeatedly “grating” critical points into a working set, till the working set provides the required approximation. We prove that the size of the working set is independent of n, and thus results in a simple and practical, near-linear e-approximation algorithm for shape fitting with outliers in low dimensions. We demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms by showing their empirical performance on various inputs and problems.
A survey of trust in computer science and the Semantic Web

Trust is an integral component in many kinds of human interaction, allowing people to act under uncertainty and with the risk of negative consequences. For example, exchanging money for a service, giving access to your property, and choosing between conflicting sources of information all may utilize some form of trust. In computer science, trust is a widely used term whose definition differs among researchers and application areas. Trust is an essential component of the vision for the Semantic Web, where both new problems and new applications of trust are being studied. This paper gives an overview of existing trust research in computer science and the Semantic Web.
GLOBALISATION, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND GROWTH: ADVANCED AND EMERGING MARKETS, LARGE AND SMALL COUNTRIES

The past three decades have witnessed a rapid tendency toward globalisation in the world economy. A great deal of controversy exists, however, as to whether and to what extent globalisation has increased nations' international competitiveness and growth. After discussing the common characteristics of the rapidly growing economies and the meaning and importance of globalisation, this paper examines the relationship among globalisation, international competitiveness and growth during the most recent period of rapid globalisation for all the countries for which data exists as a group, and then separately for advanced and emerging markets, and for large and small countries.
West Florida shelf circulation and temperature budget for the 1999 spring transition

Mid-latitude continental shelves undergo a fall transition as the net heat flux changes from warming to cooling. Using in situ data and a numerical model we investigate the circulation on the west Florida shelf (WFS) for the fall transition of 1998. The model is a regional adaptation of the primitive equation, Princeton Ocean Model forced by NCEP reanalysis wind, air pressure, and heat flux fields, plus river inflows. After comparison with observations the model is used to draw inferences on the seasonal and synoptic scale features of the shelf circulation. By running twin experiments, one without and the other with an idealized Loop Current (LC), we explore the relative importance of local versus deep-ocean forcing. We find that local forcing largely controls the inner-shelf circulation, including changes from the Florida Panhandle in the north to regions farther south. The effects of the LC in fall 1998 are to reinforce the mid-shelf currents and to increase the across-shelf transports in the bottom Ekman layer, thereby accentuating the shoreward transport of cold, nutrient rich water of deep-ocean origin. A three-dimensional analysis of the temperature budget reveals that surface heat flux largely controls both the seasonal and synoptic scale temperature variations. Surface cooling leads to convective mixing that rapidly alters temperature gradients. One interesting consequence is that upwelling can result in near-shore warming as warmer offshore waters are advected landward. The temperature balances on the shelf are complex and fully three-dimensional.
Using technology in gifted and talented education classrooms: The teachers' perspective

Technology skills are assumed to be a necessity for college and career success, but technology is constantly evolving. Thus, development of students’ technology skills is an on-going and persistent issue. Standards from the Partnership for 21 st Century Skills and the International Society for Technology in Education encourage educators to teach skills that help students adapt to changing working environments. These skills resemble the National Association for Gifted Children’s program and teacher preparation standards. Descriptive research about what is already occurring in classrooms has been done, but the information is frequently limited to a list of activities. A qualitative multi-case phenomenological study of six Alabama teachers of the gifted examined how they use and shape technology experiences with students, and promote student learning of 21 st century skills. The teachers were chosen for the case study due to their reputation as teachers skilled in using technology with students. Lesson plans, interviews, and observations were used to discover themes between the teachers. Findings from the research indicate that educational technology use with students is shaped by factors such as teacher attitudes and expertise, available equipment and support, pedagogical decisions related to working with technology, and the particular student group participating in the technology use.
MacWilliams Identity for the Rank Metric

This paper investigates the relationship between the rank weight distribution of a linear code and that of its dual code. The main result of this paper is that, similar to the MacWilliams identity for the Hamming metric, the rank weight distribution of any linear code can be expressed as an analytical expression of that of its dual code. Remarkably, our new identity has a similar form to the MacWilliams identity for the Hamming metric. Our identity is also closely related to Delsarte's MacWilliams identity for the q-distance. We use a linear space based approach in the proof for our new identity, and adapt this approach to provide an alternative proof of the MacWilliams identity for the Hamming metric. Finally, we determine the relationship between moments of the rank distribution of a linear code and those of its dual code, and provide an alternative derivation of the rank weight distribution of maximum rank distance codes.
Excess noise in fiber gyroscope sources

Excess noise was measured in three potential interferometric fiber gyroscope sources, superluminescent diodes at 0.83 and 1.3 mu m, and a superfluorescent fiber source at 1.06 mu m. All three sources showed limiting signal-to-noise ratios in the 128-132 dB range (1 Hz bandwidth at 100 kHz), in agreement with their measured linewidths. The impact of the excess noise on the fiber gyro random walk coefficient is shown. It is pointed out that the noise source considered is important for interferometric fiber optic gyros because it imposes a limitation that does not arise in optical gyros which use narrowband sources. >
A neural predictor of cultural popularity

Abstract We use neuroimaging to predict cultural popularity — something that is popular in the broadest sense and appeals to a large number of individuals. Neuroeconomic research suggests that activity in reward-related regions of the brain, notably the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, is predictive of future purchasing decisions, but it is unknown whether the neural signals of a small group of individuals are predictive of the purchasing decisions of the population at large. For neuroimaging to be useful as a measure of widespread popularity, these neural responses would have to generalize to a much larger population that is not the direct subject of the brain imaging itself. Here, we test the possibility of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to predict the relative popularity of a common good: music. We used fMRI to measure the brain responses of a relatively small group of adolescents while listening to songs of largely unknown artists. As a measure of popularity, the sales of these songs were totaled for the three years following scanning, and brain responses were then correlated with these “future” earnings. Although subjective likability of the songs was not predictive of sales, activity within the ventral striatum was significantly correlated with the number of units sold. These results suggest that the neural responses to goods are not only predictive of purchase decisions for those individuals actually scanned, but such responses generalize to the population at large and may be used to predict cultural popularity.
Pruning algorithms-a survey

A rule of thumb for obtaining good generalization in systems trained by examples is that one should use the smallest system that will fit the data. Unfortunately, it usually is not obvious what size is best; a system that is too small will not be able to learn the data while one that is just big enough may learn very slowly and be very sensitive to initial conditions and learning parameters. This paper is a survey of neural network pruning algorithms. The approach taken by the methods described here is to train a network that is larger than necessary and then remove the parts that are not needed. >
Simultaneous identification of robust synergistic subnetwork markers for effective cancer prognosis

Accurate prediction of cancer prognosis based on gene expression data is generally difficult, and identifying robust prognostic markers for cancer remains a challenging problem. Recent studies have shown that modular markers, such as pathway markers and subnetwork markers, can provide better snapshots of the underlying biological mechanisms by incorporating additional biological information, thereby leading to more accurate cancer classification.In this paper, we propose a novel method for simultaneously identifying robust synergistic subnetwork markers that can accurately predict cancer prognosis. The proposed method utilizes an efficient message-passing algorithm called affinity propagation, based on which we identify groups -- or subnetworks -- of discriminative and synergistic genes, whose protein products are closely located in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Unlike other existing subnetwork marker identification methods, our proposed method can simultaneously identify multiple nonoverlapping subnetwork markers that can synergistically predict cancer prognosis.Evaluation results based on multiple breast cancer datasets demonstrate that the proposed message-passing approach can identify robust subnetwork markers in the human PPI network, which have higher discriminative power and better reproducibility compared to those identified by previous methods. The identified subnetwork makers can lead to better cancer classifiers with improved overall performance and consistency across independent cancer datasets.
Forgiveness as an Intervention in Family-Owned Business: A New Beginning

This article explores the notion of bringing a family business's family values and traditions regarding religion and forgiveness into their everyday lives to create healing when family business differences have broken or severed family relationships. The philosophy of the ritual is to pair it with other family rituals and use it as a tool to begin to focus on the future. The ritual helps the family understand that hurts are inevitable in the context of family businesses, but that the ritual is a way to get beyond them and start over again. The forgiveness ritual that is created draws on the family's history and use of religious traditions to create forgiveness and a new beginning.
Repression, Grievances, Mobilization, and Rebellion: A New Test of Gurr’s Model of Ethnopolitical Rebellion

Throughout the 1990s Ted Robert Gurr developed and refined a model of ethnopolitical rebellion built around four key determinants—identity, incentives, capacity, and opportunities. Lindstrom and Moore (1995), Gurr and Moore (1997), and Moore and Gurr (1998) have argued that the explanation Gurr proposes actually implies an interactive model in which these four factors, along with rebellion and repression, work interdependently to determine levels of rebellious ethnic conflict. In this study I utilize a three-stage least squares estimator to test the ability of this interactive model to explain the magnitude of ethnopolitical rebellion in the seventeen regions of Spain from 1977–1996. The use of an original event data set with enhanced indicators allows for the first test of Gurr’s interactive model not based on the Minorities at Risk project, while the cross-temporal design facilitates the first full test of the model’s democracy-rebellion linkages. This test demonstrates even stronger overall support for...
Impact of FDI on Relative Return to Skill

Since the early 1980s, China has adopted favorable economic policies to attract FDI to facilitate technology development. Since inward FDI induces either sector or factor biased technical progress, the impact of FDI on income distribution between skilled and unskilled labor is not trivial. This paper introduces vertical product differentiation to analyze the impact of FDI on the return to skill and concludes that, for a labor abundant country, this impact depends on whether the FDI induced technology transfer is skill or labor biased, regardless of which sector receives FDI. The analysis shows that FDI with relatively labor biased technology will decrease the wage gap, while FDI with relatively skill biased technology will increase the profit margin of the host country's exports as well as its wage gap. The findings provide policy insights for FDI recipient countries in balancing wage growth between skilled and unskilled workers by managing inward FDI with relatively labor biased and skill biased technologies. This is particularly important for China given the expected further increase of inward FDI following its imminent membership in the WTO.
Measurement of Laminar Burning Speeds and Investigation of Flame Stability of Acetylene (C2H2)/Air Mixtures

Laminar burning speeds and flame structures of spherically expanding flames of mixtures of acetylene (C2H2) with air have been investigated over a wide range of equivalence ratios, temperatures, and pressures. Experiments have been conducted in a constant volume cylindrical vessel with two large end windows. The vessel was installed in a shadowgraph system equipped with a high speed CMOS camera, capable of taking pictures up to 40,000 frames per second. Shadowgraphy was used to study flame structures and transition from smooth to cellular flames during flame propagation. Pressure measurements have been done using a pressure transducer during the combustion process. Laminar burning speeds were measured using a thermodynamic model employing the dynamic pressure rise during the flame propagation. Burning speeds were measured for temperature range of 300–590 K and pressure range of 0.5–3.3 atm, and the range of equivalence ratios covered from 0.6 to 2. The measured values of burning speeds compared well with existing data and extended for a wider range of temperatures. Burning speed measurements have only been reported for smooth and laminar flames. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028363]
Cumulus cloud shadow model for analysis of power systems with photovoltaics

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are being rapidly deployed worldwide, causing technical problems such as reverse power flows and voltage rises in distribution feeders, and real and reactive power transients that affect the operation of the bulk transmission system. To fully understand and address these problems, extensive computer simulation studies are required. To this end, this paper sets forth a cloud shadow model that can be used to recreate the power generation of rooftop PV systems embedded in a distribution feeder, or that of a utility-scale PV power plant, during days with cumulus clouds. Realistically shaped cumulus cloud shadows are modeled as fractals. The variation of the irradiance incident on each PV system in an area of interest is then obtained by considering the movement of the cloud shadow over the area. The synthesized irradiance has satisfactory temporal and spatial characteristics. The proposed model is suitable for Monte Carlo simulations of power systems with high PV penetration.
Beam pinging, sweeping, shaking, and electron/ion collecting, at the Proton Storage Ring

We have built, installed, and tested a pinger for use as a general diagnostic at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR). Two 4-m-long parallel-plate electrodes with a plate spacing of 10.2 cm provide kicks of up to 1.1 mrad. A pair of solid-state pulsers may be operated in a single-pulse mode for beam pinging (tune measurements) or in a burst mode at up to 700-kHz pulse rates for beam sweeping. During our 1992 operating period, we used the pinger for beam sweeping, for beam shaking, for measuring the tune shift, and we have used it as an ion chamber. Using the pinger as an ion chamber during production conditions has yielded some surprising results. >
Method of obtaining the impedance of an antenna in a dissipative medium from that in air

Abstract : A Taylor series expansion is applied in the complex frequency plane in order to find the admittance of an antenna in a dissipative medium from the admittance of the same antenna in air. The admittance of a dipole antenna immersed in media with tan delta = 0.01 and 0.02 is tabulated. The values so obtained are in good agreement with measurements. The error and the range of values of the loss tangent of the medium and the length of the antenna for which the present method is applicable are examined from various angles. (Author)
Threshold for Extended Emission in Short Gamma-ray Bursts

The initial pulse complex (IPC) in short gamma-ray bursts is sometimes accompanied by a softer, low-intensity extended emission (EE) component. In cases where such a component is not observed, it is not clear if it is present but below the detection threshold. Using Bayesian Block (BB) methods, we measure the EE component and show that it is present in one-quarter of a Swift/BAT sample of 51 short bursts, as was found for the Compton/BATSE sample. We simulate bursts with EE to calibrate the BAT threshold for EE detection and show that this component would have been detected in nearly half of BAT short bursts if it were present, to intensities ~10–2 counts cm–2 s–1, a factor of 5 lower than actually observed in short bursts. In the BAT sample, the ratio of average EE intensity to IPC peak intensity, R int, ranges over a factor of 25, R int ~ 3 × 10–3 to 8 × 10–2. In comparison, for the average of the 39 bursts without an EE component, the 2σ upper limit is R int < 8 × 10–4. These results suggest that a physical threshold effect operates near R int ~ few × 10–3 below which the EE component is not manifest.
Mixed Linker Strategies for Organic Framework Functionalization

Framework materials have attracted intense interest for gas storage, separations, catalysis, and other applications as a consequence of their periodicity, high specific surface area, and rational synthesis. Cocrystallizing multiple monomers with identical linking chemistry represents an emerging route to access materials with increased complexity and advanced functions. This Concept Article highlights three strategies for framework synthesis that employ mixtures of monomers with 1) identical linking geometries, 2) different linking geometries, or 3) in which one monomer is truncated with respect to the other. These approaches offer a diverse toolbox to modify framework topology, incorporate active functionality, and rationally control crystallite size and morphology.
The Evolutionarily Stable Distribution of Fitness Effects

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations is a key parameter in determining the course of evolution. This fact has motivated extensive efforts to measure the DFE or to predict it from first principles. However, just as the DFE determines the course of evolution, the evolutionary process itself constrains the DFE. Here, we analyze a simple model of genome evolution in a constant environment in which natural selection drives the population toward a dynamic steady state where beneficial and deleterious substitutions balance. The distribution of fitness effects at this steady state is stable under further evolution and provides a natural null expectation for the DFE in a population that has evolved in a constant environment for a long time. We calculate how the shape of the evolutionarily stable DFE depends on the underlying population genetic parameters. We show that, in the absence of epistasis, the ratio of beneficial to deleterious mutations of a given fitness effect obeys a simple relationship independent of population genetic details. Finally, we analyze how the stable DFE changes in the presence of a simple form of diminishing-returns epistasis.
Tandem Stille/Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of a hetero-bis-metalated diene. Rapid, one-pot assembly of polyene systems.

The synthesis of a hetero-bis-metallo 1,3-butadiene is reported, and its use as an orthogonal Stille and Suzuki−Miyaura coupling partner is detailed. The tin/boron diene participated successfully in a one-pot, sequential Stille and Suzuki−Miyaura coupling protocol, and its utility was demonstrated in the two-step construction of the pentaene side chain of the Fusarium metabolite lucilactaene.
On the Importance of Shear Deformation, Rotatory Inertia, and Coriolis Forces in Turbine Blade Vibrations

This paper is concerned with the significance of the effects of shear deformation, rotatory inertia, and Coriolis forces in the analysis of turbine blade vibrations. Since these are quite pronounced at the high frequency ranges encountered in turbine blade vibration problems, they should not be overlooked although their inclusion paves the way for a complicated nonlinear analysis. An approximate analysis technique is presented which involves an application of the stationary functional method using the normal modes of a discretized model. Numerical results for a typical blade are obtained and discussed. An advantage of this analysis as applied to a lumped parameter model is that nonlinear modes higher than the fundamental can also be easily computed and assessed.
On the asymptotics of determinant of Laplacian at the principal boundary of the principal stratum of the moduli space of Abelian differentials

Let X be a translation surface of genus g > 1 with 2g − 2 conical points of angle 4π and let γ, γ′ be two homologous saddle connections of length s joining two conical points of X and bounding two surfaces S+ and S− with boundaries ∂S+ = γ − γ′ and ∂S− = γ′ − γ. Gluing the opposite sides of the boundary of each surface S+, S− one gets two (closed) translation surfaces X+, X− of genera g+, g−; g+ + g− = g. Let ∆, ∆+ and ∆− be the Friedrichs extensions of the Laplacians corresponding to the (flat conical) metrics on X , X+ and X− respectively. We study the asymptotical behavior of the (modified, i. e. with zero modes excluded) zeta-regularized determinant det∗ ∆ as γ and γ′ shrink. We find the asymptotics
The Bijectivity of the Antipode Revisited

We provide a very short approach to several fundamental results for Hopf algebras with nonzero integrals. Besides being short, our approach is the first to prove the bijectivity of the antipode without using the uniqueness of the integrals of Hopf algebras and to obtain the uniqueness of integrals as a corollary in a way similar to the classical theory of the Haar measure on compact groups.
Linear regulator design for stochastic systems by a multiple time-scales method

This short paper develops a hierarchically structured, suboptimal controller for a linear stochastic system composed of fast and slow subsystems. It is proved that the controller is optimal in the limit as the separation of time scales of the subsystems becomes infinite. The methodology is illustrated by design of a controller to suppress the phugoid and short-period modes of the longitudinal dynamics of the F-8 aircraft.
Stock Returns, Productivity, and Corruption in Eight European Fast-Emerging Markets

This article addresses the impact of productivity, corruption, and trade openness on the stock returns of 265 industrial companies listed in eight Eastern European fast-emerging markets, over the 2004–2013 period. Through a three-factor model that includes both measures at firm level and macro-level control variables, our findings suggest that country corruption index is negatively correlated with the total annual return of the stocks of the listed industrial companies of our sample. Moreover, the most productive firms are featured by higher stock returns, while leverage seems not to be a key predictor of stock returns. In addition, the article uncovers innovative evidence about trade openness that is negatively correlated with stock returns due to its connection with the recent financial crisis.
Biomimetic entry to the sarpagan family of indole alkaloids: total synthesis of +-geissoschizine and +-N-methylvellosimine.

A concise synthesis of (+)-geissoschizine (1), a biosynthetic precursor of a variety of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, from d-tryptophan (19) was performed as a critical prelude to achieving the first biomimetic, enantioselective synthesis of the sarpagine alkaloid (+)-Na-methylvellosimine (5). The approach to (+)-geissoschizine was designed to address the dual problems of stereocontrolled formation of the E-ethylidene moiety and the correct relative configuration at C(3) and C(15). Key steps in the synthesis involve a vinylogous Mannich reaction to prepare the carboline 22, which has the absolute stereochemistry at C(3) corresponding to that in 1 and 5, and an intramolecular Michael addition that leads to the tetracyclic corynantheane derivative 24, which possesses the correct stereochemical relationship between C(3) and C(15). Compound 24 was then transformed into 27, the pivotal intermediate in the syntheses of 1 and 5, by a sequence that allowed the stereospecific introduction of the E-ethylidene moi...
The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico

In the United States, the average 40-year-old plant employs more than seven times as many workers as the typical plant 5 years or younger. In contrast, surviving plants in India and Mexico exhibit much slower growth, roughly doubling in size over the same age range. The divergence in plant dynamics suggests lower investments by Indian and Mexican plants in process efficiency, quality, and in accessing markets at home and abroad. In simple general equilibrium models, we find that the difference in life cycle dynamics could lower aggregate manufacturing productivity on the order of 25 percent in India and Mexico relative to the United States. JEL Codes: O11, O47, O53.