cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure mobile agent execution in virtual environment

Creating a secure framework for mobile agents that leverage such an efficient tool's usage is yet to be found [Farmer WM, Guttman JD, Swarup V (1996) Proceedings of the 19th national information systems security conference, Tardo J, Valente L (1996) Mobile agent security and telescript, IEEE CompCon]. There are some available approaches to prevent agent-to-agent and agent-to-host type attacks; however, host-to-agent type attacks prevention is still at large [Jansen W, Karygiannis T NIST special publication 800-19--Mobile agent security, National Institute of Standards and Technology]. In this paper, we have implemented a framework in which both agents and hosts are protected. The three virtualization techniques (vserver, vmware, and xen) are utilized as host environments to create a secure, scalable, and efficient framework. Three agent platforms (ajanta, aglets, and sage) are installed on these virtual environments and tested for attacks. Along with a trusted server, our framework claims to be a solution to prevent host-to-agent type attacks during execution as well as most of the other types of attacks. As a result, we believe that the convergence of two promising technologies (virtualization and mobile agents) can create cost-effective, robust, reliable, and easy-to-manage frameworks.
Costs and benefits of deferred teenage births

Abstract The high rate of adolescent births imposes costs on many sectors of our society. Despite calculations of the savings that -would be realized from deferring adolescent births, the preventive educational and health programs necessary for deferral are not universally available to the adolescent population. This analysis presents two case studies of the costs created by teenage births in an effort to demonstrate broad-based economic complicity in the phenomenon. The cost events selected for analysis are hospital labor and delivery charges, and job placement and retention. In the example of labor and delivery, an estimated 50% reduction in uncompensated hospital charges for the self-pay and Medicaid patient would be realized with a 40% deferral rate of adolescent births. Weighed against the costs of family planning services for the sexually active, contraceptively unprotected teen, prevention is the preferred route. The case of job placement for the adolescent parent is more complex, but again illustrates the merit of prevention. The feasibility of realizing a significant deferral of adolescent births is discussed with regard to patterns of adolescent fertility and ongoing changes in the world of work.
UC Merced's inaugural class

The newness of the campus helped draw students to the campus, though the comparative disadvantage in terms of breadth of social and recreational activities and academic offerings presented challenges.
Calculated electric field gradients of ferroelectric KNbO3

Abstract Electric Field Gradients for KNbO 3 in its rhombohedral ferroelectric ground state have been calculated using the self-consistent general potential linearized augmented planeware method. Calculations were also performed for KTaO 3 constrained to be in the same structure, for comparison and to make contact with perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy experiments using 181 Hf probes.
A Functional Analysis of Echolalic Speech The Effects of Antecedent and Consequent Events

The impact of antecedents and consequences upon echolalic behavior was examined in two successive studies. In Experiment I, four atypical children with a high frequency of echolalia were exposed to three sets of antecedent conditions: verbal imitation, verbal response to questions, and nonverbal response to commands. There were marked individual differences as well as some consistencies in responding. Nonverbal tasks elicited less echolalia than verbal tasks. Echolalia and appropriate verbal behavior were not inversely related to one another, suggesting that these two be treated as separate classes. In Experiment II, two of the subjects from Experiment I were exposed to three sets of consequent conditions: reinforcement of echolalia, punishment of echolalia, and concurrent reinforcement of appropriate verbal behavior and punishment of echolalia. The application of punishment following echolalia led to a generalized suppression of speech behavior. In general, the data suggest that echolalia varies as a fun...
Youth Organizing as a Developmental Context for African American and Latino Adolescents

Research on adolescence has begun to recognize the centrality of ecological context in human development. Ecological approaches, however, need to pay greater attention to the political context of young people's lives, both in terms of how youth interpret their sociopolitical world and how they participate in changing it. Research on youth organizing among African American and Latino youth offers insights about these dimensions of sociopolitical development. Youth organizing enables young people growing up in difficult circumstances to identify the social origins of problems and take action to address those problems. Emerging research suggests that youth organizing has the potential to contribute to youth development, community development, and broader social movements. Youth organizing challenges social constructions of adolescents as apathetic or self-involved and offers an alternative to deficit-based orientations toward youth of color.
The Dialectic of Technology: Commentary on Warner and England1

M. M. Bell replique a W. K. Warner et a J. L. England, deux chercheurs qui se sont efforces d'elaborer une perspective sociologique autour de la notion de science technologique en developpant, d'une part, une theorie des agents humains et technologiques et, d'autre part, en proposant une epistemologie incluant des valeurs ethiques. Il estime que leur perspective tend a mettre l'accent sur certains aspects de la vie sociale et a en omettre d'autres. Il insiste, pour sa part, sur la relation dialectique entre arrangement humain et arrangement technologique. Il affirme que le terme de science doit etre concu comme une metaphore concernant la sociologie. Warner et England repondent a ses critiques en affirmant que leur perspective permet de maintenir un equilibre theorique entre la creativite humaine et les aspects contraignant de la vie sociale. Ils mettent en avant la notion d'agencement qui permet de comprendre les modifications de ces contraintes
Quorum sensing control of phosphorus acquisition in Trichodesmium consortia.

Colonies of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium are abundant in the oligotrophic ocean, and through their ability to fix both CO2 and N2, have pivotal roles in the cycling of carbon and nitrogen in these highly nutrient-depleted environments. Trichodesmium colonies host complex consortia of epibiotic heterotrophic bacteria, and yet, the regulation of nutrient acquisition by these epibionts is poorly understood. We present evidence that epibiotic bacteria in Trichodesmium consortia use quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the activity of alkaline phosphatases (APases), enzymes used by epibionts in the acquisition of phosphate from dissolved-organic phosphorus molecules. A class of QS molecules, acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), were produced by cultivated epibionts, and adding these AHLs to wild Trichodesmium colonies collected at sea led to a consistent doubling of APase activity. By contrast, amendments of (S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD)—the precursor to the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) family of universal interspecies signaling molecules—led to the attenuation of APase activity. In addition, colonies collected at sea were found by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to contain both AHLs and AI-2. Both types of molecules turned over rapidly, an observation we ascribe to quorum quenching. Our results reveal a complex chemical interplay among epibionts using AHLs and AI-2 to control access to phosphate in dissolved-organic phosphorus.
Resident lymphocytes in the dermis of the normal dorsolateral thoracic skin of alpacas

Background Small numbers of resident T lymphocytes are present in the dermis of normal skin of humans, cattle and sheep. Hypothesis/Objectives We wanted to determine the prevalence, numbers and immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the dermis of healthy skin from alpacas. Animals Skin biopsy specimens were collected from the dorsolateral thorax of 31 alpacas with normal skin. Methods Skin biopsy specimens were evaluated for the prevalence and numbers of CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes. Results Resident CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes were found around the superficial and deep dermal blood vessels. The CD3+ lymphocytes were more numerous than CD79a+ lymphocytes. Both CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes were more numerous around superficial dermal blood vessels. Conclusions and clinical importance Resident CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes are present around superficial and deep dermal blood vessels in normal skin from alpacas; hence, the presence of lymphocytes in these locations without obvious features of inflammation must be interpreted cautiously when evaluating skin biopsy specimens from alpacas with skin disease.
Long-term imaging of circadian locomotor rhythms of a freely crawling C. elegans population.

Abstract Background Locomotor activity is used extensively as a behavioral output to study the underpinnings of circadian rhythms. Recent studies have required a populational approach for the study of circadian rhythmicity in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion. New method We describe an imaging system for long-term automated recording and analysis of locomotion data of multiple free-crawling C. elegans animals on the surface of an agar plate. We devised image analysis tools for measuring specific features related to movement and shape to identify circadian patterns. Results We demonstrate the utility of our system by quantifying circadian locomotor rhythms in wild-type and mutant animals induced by temperature cycles. We show that 13 °C:18 °C (12:12 h) cycles are sufficient to entrain locomotor activity of wild-type animals, which persist but are rapidly damped during 13 °C free-running conditions. Animals with mutations in tax-2 , a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channel, significantly reduce locomotor activity during entrainment and free-running. Comparison with existing method(s) Current methods for measuring circadian locomotor activity is generally restricted to recording individual swimming animals of C. elegans , which is a distinct form of locomotion from crawling behavior generally observed in the laboratory. Our system works well with up to 20 crawling adult animals, and allows for a detailed analysis of locomotor activity over long periods of time. Conclusions Our population-based approach provides a powerful tool for quantification of circadian rhythmicity of C. elegans locomotion, and could allow for a screening system of candidate circadian genes in this model organism.
Connecting the Dots in Public Management: Political Environment, Organizational Goal Ambiguity, and the Public Manager's Role Ambiguity

This article is a systematic effort to study a key theoretical question from the vantage point of public sector organizational behavior. Most political science models, with a primary interest in democratic control of bureaucracy, study the political influence on the bureaucracy from an agency theory perspective. Organization behavior literature, on the other hand, is focused largely on the study of individual-level phenomena in private organizations and does not incorporate political context as part of explanatory models. This article proposes a middle-range theory to "connect the dots," beginning with disparate sources in the polity influencing organizational goal ambiguity, which in turn is expected to increase managerial role ambiguity. An empirical test, using data collected from a national survey of managers working in state human service agencies, supports this theoretical model. We find that certain types of political influence have an impact on organizational goal ambiguity, which in turn has a direct effect in increasing role ambiguity and also an indirect effect in increasing role ambiguity through organizational structure.
Electric deflection study of CaCl: Estimate of the ground-state dipole moment

The deflection and state selection of a molecular beam in a 2Σ+ state by an electric quadrupole is described. The refocusing of Ca35Cl X 2Σ+ molecules in the υ = 0 N = 2 e level is investigated with the aid of single-mode cw dye laser fluorescence detection. From the refocusing spectrum, the electric dipole moment μ of CaCl is estimated to be 3.6 ± 0.6 D.
Further properties of random walks on diagrams (graphs) with and without cycles.

Abstract Three problems are considered. The first is the relation between ensemble-averaged state probabilities in a random walk with absorption and time-averaged state probabilities in the corresponding closed diagram. The second problem is concerned with random walks on diagrams with cycles in which the cycle completion rates and probabilities may depend on the "remainder" after the previously completed cycle. The final topic is a study of cycle completions prior to absorption for diagrams that involve both cycles and absorption (e.g., a cycling enzyme that binds a dead-end inhibitor or poison in one of its states).
When ratings from one source have been averaged, but ratings from another source have not : Problems and solutions

Studies using the single-aggregate approach (L. R. James, 1982), where assessments made by individual respondents are correlated with other assessments that have been averaged across multiple respondents, can exhibit a systematic bias of 20 to 70% or more if they are used to estimate individual level relationships. Not only may results of such studies be erroneous, but theory development based on such studies may be misguided. A comprehensive solution (nested and crossed designs) to the single-aggregation problem is provided through generalizability theory. Results show that the aggregation bias is a function of both the generalizability (reliability) of individual responses and the number of individuals per group. Conceptual parallels to classical measurement theory are discussed. Factors are presented for converting single-aggregated correlations and standard deviations to estimates of the corresponding values using the individual as the level of analysis.
Corporate Headquarters Relocation: Evidence from the Capital Markets

This paper assesses the stock market reaction to announcements of corporate headquarters relocations and examines financial and geographical factors related to wealth effects and factors that influence the decision to relocate corporate headquarters. The results indicate that announcements of relocations are associated with significant positive stock price effects. On average, the stock price of relocating firms increases by 1.29% during the two-day period around the announcement. Abnormal returns are positively related to the availability of labor and negatively related to the cost of living in the new location and the change in employment levels. A logit analysis indicates that the probability of a firm relocating is partially determined by the firm size and the rental expenses/sales ratio. The results also indicate that firm size, the employment/asset ratio levels, and listing in the NYSE/AMEX affect the decision to relocate to a Fortune-ranked city. Finally, firms relocating to Fortune-ranked cities are characterized by a high level of insider ownership relative to firms moving to non-ranked cities.
Collective oscillations of the order parameter and electromagnetic response in niobium

Abstract Caroli and Maki predict a strong anisotropy in the transverse electromagnetic response of pure type II superconductors due to the effect of transverse collective fluctuations of the order parameter. The predicted anisotropy in the transverse acoustic wave attenuation near H c2 was studied experimentally in niobium and found to be absent for q parallel to [100].
Effect of chronic daily ozone exposure on Clara cell secretory protein mRNA expression in the adult rat lung.

Short-term exposure to the air pollutant ozone results in severe injury to the nares, trachea, and centriacinus. Long-term exposure, however, leads to a state of tolerance that is characterized by remodeling in the centriacinar airways and markedly reduced cell necrosis and inflammation. This remodeling consists of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Clara cells with a 2- to 5-fold increase in the intracellular content of the major protein synthesized by the Clara cell, Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP). Previous in vitro studies suggest that CCSP may moderate inflammation and bind reactive cytotoxicants. This study tested whether acute and chronic exposure to ozone alters the normal level of expression of the CCSP gene. Rats were exposed to ozone, 1 ppm, 8 h nightly, for up to 90 days. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated repopulation of the alveolar ducts with CCSP positive Clara cells and an increase in the intensity of immunoreactive CCSP within Clara cells. The results showed that (1) CCSP mRNA expression,...
Extrusion of compound refractive x-ray lenses

Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are arrays of lenses designed to focus x-rays. The advantage of a focused x-ray beam is improvement in imaging resolution for applications such as microscopy and tomography. CRLs are desirable due to their simple designs and ease in implementation and alignment. One method of fabricating CRLs is extrusion. Extrusion can be employed to produce, for example, aluminum CRLs for high-energy applications because many aluminum products are produced in this manner. Multiple lenses can be extruded in an array in a single run. This method is relatively cost effective compared to others methods of fabricating CRLs. Two generations of extruded aluminum CRLs have been manufactured to date with lens wall thicknesses of 200 and 100 μm, respectively. The first-generation CRL yielded focusing and established the potential to produce high gain if reduced wall thicknesses could be achieved. Testing of the second generation is reported here.
THE EFFECT OF REFRACTIVE INDEX ON SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND LIGHT SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS DERIVED FROM OPTICAL PARTICLE COUNTERS

Abstract The effect of refractive index on particle size distributions measured by optical particle counters is examined. Similar to previous investigations, it is found that optical counters undersize ambient particles because the refractive index of these particles is generally lower than that of the latex particles commonly used for the calibration of optical counters. The maximum undersizing is found to occur when particle sizes are comparable to the wavelength of light used in the measurement. A new approach for modeling the effect of refractive index on the sizing of optical counters is presented. Previously derived optical response functions are compared and a generalized formulation is proposed which includes the existing response functions as special cases. Algorithms are presented for correcting size distributions measured by optical counters for the difference between the refractive index of ambient and calibration particles. Data collected by a Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (PCASP) and by an integrating nephelometer are compared. Light scattering coefficients calculated from the optical probe data uncorrected for the effect of refractive index differ from those measured by the integrating nephelometer by a factor of 2. An iterative procedure that adjusts the PCASP-measured size distribution for the effect of refractive index is used to derive the best agreement between calculated and observed light scattering coefficients. The refractive indices of aerosols at wavelength of 0.45 μ m that best fit the data vary between 1.3 and 1.5, with an average of 1.41. The relative importance of the underestimation of light scattering coefficients calculated from the PCASP-measured size distributions due to the refractive index and the size truncation effect are evaluated. The former is found to be more important than the latter. Implications of this study for addressing aerosol shortwave radiative forcing and potential uncertainties relevant to this study are discussed.
Transcatheter Intervention in Cor Triatriatum Sinister

Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare condition caused by a membrane in the left atrium, resulting in left ventricular inflow obstruction. This developmental anomaly is usually diagnosed in childhood. However, a rare presentation during adulthood is observed when the membrane is incomplete. Surgical excision of the membrane is the first line of treatment. We present a 51-year-old woman who underwent successful transcatheter balloon dilation with complete loss of the membrane waist and hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement.
Ethics and involuntary treatment.

This article reviews the ethical issues related to involuntary psychiatric treatment. These include the conflicts between the principles of beneficence, autonomy and nonmaleficence with regard to involuntary treatment for the patients' interests versus those of society. Moral problems often revert to disagreements about the patient's decision-making autonomy and the risk-benefit analysis of the proposed treatment.
Hidden philosophies: How geographic thought has been limited by its theoretical models

Abstract Dominant theoretical models in geography have been drawn by analogy from theories in economics and biology. The philosophical assumptions which underlie this transfer are normally unexamined. The economic model itself rests on a mechanical analogy and on a philosophy of science which emphasizes empiricism, determination and reductionism. The ecological model, while realist at base, is limited by the ontological priority it grants to Nature. Though some recent approaches in Marxism echo these old antinomies, a Marxist model based on the philosophy of internal relations offers an opportunity to transcend these barriers.
Cloning and sequencing of the Bordetella pertussis cpn10/cpn60 (groESL) homolog.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence downstream from the Bordetella resistance to killing (brk) locus in Bordetella pertussis was determined. Analysis of the sequence revealed an operon consisting of two highly predicted open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino-acid sequence of each ORF has strong homologies to the heat-shock proteins/chaperonins Cpn60 and Cpn10. The promoter contains consensus sequences for both σ32 and σ70 binding, and it possesses the CIRCE regulatory inverted repeat. A potential Rho-independent terminator was identified and appears to be shared with the brkA gene.
Increased severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in sugar beet treated with systemic insecticides

Abstract The systemic insecticides aldicarb 15G (15% granules) at 2·6 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha and phorate 1OG (10% granules) at 1·7 kg a.i./ha, applied as side dressings about 1 month after planting in 1979 and 1980, significantly increased the severity of root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, in sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). Carbofuran 10G (10% granules) at 2·2 kg a.i./ha also increased root rot, but not significantly. Numbers of harvestable roots were reduced by all treatments but significantly by phorate only. Both aldicarb and phorate were slightly fungistatic to R. solani when the pathogen was grown on potato-dextrose agar incorporating 0·5, 5·0, and 25 μg a.i./ml. Trichoderma sp., a potential antagonist of Rhizoctonia , was slightly inhibited by aldicarb and phorate initially, but soon overcame the effect. Thus, the increase in disease severity in the field may be attributable to some metabolic or physiological effect of the chemicals either on the host or on the infection process of the pathogen. Indiscriminate use of these insecticides should therefore be avoided in areas where root rot is prevalent but where insects are not a problem.
Low overhead sequencing algorithm

Abstract Engineering automation often involves solving problems concerning the fabrication of electronic circuitry. In such cases, the circuitry is described in the form of point-to-point connections. Inefficiency results if the connections are not made in some near-optimal order. Sophisticated sequencing routines can be applied to this problem, but cost may be prohibitive. The philosophy of this algorithm is to arrive at a pseudo-optimization sequencing while keeping additional computer processing time at a minimum. This approach determines the raltive proximities of each task (e.g., a wire segment) in relation to all other tasks in a given operation. The relative proximities are evaluated to determine the sequence list. This list is then used to order the sequence of tasks in the final fabrication process. The algorithm was implemented in two printed-circuit artwork programs. It saved from 30% to 50% on plotting time as compared to a plot program using sequencing determined by a sort of the wire segments found on a digitized history tape. The algorithm significantly improved the overall quality of the artwork. Also, computer operation of the plotter was more efficient. These improvements were implemented without additional cost to the total process. In this article, a detailed description of the algorithm is given together with a discussion of various applications.
Effect of adenosine antagonism on metabolically mediated coronary vasodilation in humans

Objectives. This study was performed io assess the importance of adenosine in mediating metabolic coronary vasodilation during atrial pacing stress in humans. Background. Numerous animal studies have examined the role of adenosine in the regulation of coronary blood flow, with inconsistent results. Methods. The effect of the adenosine antagonist aminophylline (6 mg/kg body weight intravenously) on coronary functional hyperemia during rapid atrial pacing was determined in 12 patients. The extent of inhibition of adenosine vasodilation was assessed using graded intracoronary adenosine infusions before and after aminophylline administration in seven patients. Coronary blood flow changes were measured with a 3F intracoronary Doppler catheter. Results. After aminophylline administration, the increase in coronary flow velocity during adenosine infusions was reduced from 84 ± 48% (mean ± SD) to 21 ± 31% above control values (p < 0.001) at 10 μg/min and from 130 ± 39% to 59 ± 51% above control values (p < 0.001) at 40 μg/min. During rapid atrial pacing under control conditions, coronary blood flow velocity increased by 26 ± 16%. The flow increment during paced tachycardia after aminophylline (23 ± 10%) was unchanged from the control value, despite substantial antagonism of adenosine coronary dilation by aminophylline. Conclusions. These data suggest that adenosine does not play an important role in the regulation of coronary blood flow in response to rapid atrial pacing in humans.
a personal perspective on the evolution of gaming

This article presents a quick sketch of the author’s experiences with gaming. For more than four decades, he has had the opportunity to do gaming as a more or less full-time occupation. There has been a learning curve, slow but sure, as a consequence of working on more than 100 gaming exercises. Because these experiences were typically team efforts, the author has worked in close contact with many fine gamers over the years and has benefited a great deal from these contacts. Given that the teams averaged three to five people each, it is clearly not possible for the author to mention all of those with whom he has worked. A few projects are described briefly and the team members acknowledged.
An interstitial telomere array near Hba on mouse Chr 11 is a candidate for the homolog of the telomere at human 16p.

The authors have previously reported variant DNA fragments hybridizing to an oligomer containing five copies of the telomere array, TTAGGG. In this early work they used the endonuclease DdeI and localized TTAGGG-containing fragments to the distal ends of Chrs 4 and 9 using RI (recombinant inbred) strain sets and a backcross. Subsequent work by Eicher and co-workers has confirmed their results and mapped other DdeI fragments to Chrs 13 and X. Since that time they have used other 4-base recognizing endonucleases that also reveal polymorphic fragments, several of which cosegregated in the BXD RI strain set with loci defined by DdeI fragments. However, new segregation patterns that indicate the presence of TTAGGG arrays at nontelomeric chromosomal sites have also been found. 17 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Biomass production and biochemical methane potential of seasonally flooded inter-generic and inter-specific Saccharum hybrids

Abstract Production of biomass crops for energy can compete with food crop production for quality, arable land. Certain biomass crops may be well suited to marginal sites which do not favor food crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate biomass production on a wetland site which, without extensive and costly conversion, would be unsuitable for conventional agricultural production. Nine clones of the Saccharum taxonomic complex were evaluated for biomass production and methane conversion after being flooded for six months in each of two crop years. Erianthus arundinaceus clones were intolerant of flood and subsequently were low in biomass production. Inter-specific and inter-generic hybrids of commercial sugarcane with E. arundinaceus and S. spontaneum produced well under flood. All clones were more productive in ratoon (regrowth crop). Rates of methane conversion under mesophilic conditions (35°C) ranged from 0·060 to 0·095 day−1 and methane yield was from 0·266 to 0·314 liter g−1 volatile solids (VS). Biomass dry matter yield varied widely from 0·47 to 20·28 Mg ha−1 in the plantcrop and 4·57 to 60·1 Mg ha−1 in ratoon. Using the mean sample value observed for methane yield, this corresponds to upper methane yields of 5·89 and 17·4 × 106 liter ha−1 year−1 for the plant and ratoon crops, respectively. The wide crosses appear to have good potential for biomass production in areas prone to periodic flooding.
Vertebrae in compression: Mechanical behavior of arches and centra in the gray smooth-hound shark (Mustelus californicus).

In swimming sharks, vertebrae are sub- jected, in part, to compressive loads as axial muscles contract. We currently have no information about which vertebral elements, centra, arch cartilages, or both, actually bear compressive loads in cartilaginous verte- brae. To address this issue, the goal of this experiment was to determine the load-bearing ability of arch and centrum cartilages in compression, to determine the ma- terial properties of shark vertebrae, and to document fracture patterns in the centra with and without the arches. Intact vertebrae and vertebrae with the arch cartilages experimentally removed (centra alone) were subjected to compressive loading to failure at a single strain rate. The maximum compressive forces sustained by the vertebrae and the centra are statistically indistin- guishable. Thus we conclude that under these testing conditions the arch does not bear appreciable loads. In- dependent evidence for this conclusion comes from the fact that vertebrae fail in compression at the centra, and not at the arches. Overall, the results of these mechani- cal tests suggest that the neural arches are not the pri- mary load-bearing structure during axial compression. J. Morphol. 271:366-375, 2010. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modification of Spin Density Distribution via Specific Hydrogen Bond Interactions: An Experimental, UHF, and Density Functional Study

A combined experimental/computational study has been carried out on the effect of hydrogen bond complex formation between the radical anion of naphthalimide and the acylated diaminopyridine receptor 2. Experimental hyperfine coupling constants (hfc's) were obtained via simultaneous electrochemistry and EPR (SEEPR). An overall increase in the absolute values of the hfc's is observed. To better correlate experimental results with changes in electronic structure, hfc's were calculated using UHF and UKS wave functions, specifically the B3LYP hybrid functional. While the UHF derived hfc's reproduce qualitative trends, the hfc's obtained by density functional calculations are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental data. B3LYP calculations show an increase in spin polarization, with the largest effect observed in the naphthyl moiety, consistent with experimental results.
Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight

Photolytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) has been observed in several matrices such as solvent/ water mixtures, sediments, and soil; however, no studies have investigated the degradation potential of BDE 209 in house dust. In the present study, both a natural and a BDE 209-spiked dust material were exposed to sunlight for 200 cumulative h. Degradation of BDE 209 was observed in both matrices but was 35% greater in the spiked dust relative to the natural dust material. The pseudo- first-order degradation rates were 2.3 x 10(-3) and 1.7 x 10(-3) per hour for the spiked and natural dust, respectively. During the 200-h exposure, as much as 38% of the original BDE 209 mass was degraded in the spiked dust, 25% of which could not be accounted for and was lost to unknown pathways and/or products. The remaining 13% was accounted for by the formation of lower brominated congeners. Debrominated products detected in the spiked dust included all three nonabrominated congeners (BDE 206, BDE 207, and BDE 208) and several octabrominated congeners (BDE 196, BDE 197, BDE 201, BDE 202, and BDE 203/200). In technical commercial octa-BDE mixtures, BDE 201 is a very small component (below detection limit to 0.8%), and BDE 202 is not detected. Therefore, the presence of these congeners in house dust may provide a marker of environmental debromination of BDE 209. The ratio of BDE 197 to BDE 201 may also be indicative of BDE 209 degradation. as the ratio of these two congeners appeared to reach a steady-state value (~1) in both exposure scenarios in the present study.
MORE THAN A BOOKMARK: EISAI THE THINKER

This essay is a call to Chinese and Japanese-scholars to communicate more fully to the English-speaking world the contribution of Eisai as transmitter of Ch'an Buddhism from China to-Japan in the period around 1200.
Calculations of Vo and the Energy Dispersion of Electrons in Rare Gas Liquids

During this lecture I wish to discuss how Vo has been calculated in the case of liquid Argon (Lekner, 1967; Plenkiewitz et al., 1986). When the energy of states of non-zero wave vector is calculated the effective mass is obtained in the same way as for electrons in a crystalline solid (Kittel, 1963). The effect of density fluctuations can be easily estimated in the framework of the effective mass theory.
Convergence analysis of ASM-FDTD method

The array scanning method (ASM) is an effective technique for the modeling of periodic structures illuminated by non-periodic excitations. Using this method, only a single unit element is needed in the simulation and therefore tremendous computational resources can be saved. The implementation of this method to FDTD method (ASM-FDTD) has been reported in [1][2]. However in those literatures, the convergence property of this method has not been reported yet. In this paper, the convergence analysis is performed to guide the practical applications of this technique for real-world problems.
Poor Control Strengthens the Association Between Sensation Seeking and Disgust Reactions

Perception of risk to a stimulus associated with negative affect may depend on the level of emotional arousal it elicits. Sensation seeking is associated with a decreased level of arousal to risk stimuli. Individuals high in sensation seeking may require greater emotional arousal in order to induce harm avoidance. Poor control increases the salience of emotional cues, which may increase the magnitude of emotion associated with risk stimuli. In the present study, we found that, as sensation seeking decreased, high levels of poor control increased the likelihood of experiencing an emesis perception following disgust. The results support a harm avoidance system tied to emotions elicited from immediate threat that is potentiated by poor control.
A Balancing Act: How Organizations Pursue Consistency in Routine Functioning in the Face of Ongoing Change

This study examines how participants in routines view and balance pressures for consistency in the face of ongoing change. We address this question through a qualitative case-based inquiry into the ostensive aspects of the core operational routine in six waste management organizations. We find that organizational members simultaneously establish and maintain two ostensive patterns—one of targeted consistency and another of flexibility in internal coordination—by leveraging artifacts and connections. Organizations, however, could not establish similar patterns among their customers, who, lacking connections with other routine participants, expected consistency and performed their part less flexibly. These observations lead us to develop a theoretical model that identifies the processes through which simultaneous ostensive patterns of consistency and flexibility are established and sustained among organizational members, as well as the challenges that arise from multiplicity of ostensive patterns among routine participants with different roles and connections. The model advances the dynamic perspective on routines by articulating how artifacts and connections support the balancing of pressures for consistency and for change in routine functioning.
Exploratory Translational Modeling Approach in Drug Development to Predict Human Brain Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacologically Relevant Clinical Doses

The central nervous system (CNS) pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs that have pharmacological targets in the brain are not often understood during drug development, and this gap in knowledge is a limitation in providing a quantitative framework for translating nonclinical pharmacologic data to the clinical patient population. A focus of translational sciences is to improve the efficiency of clinical trial design via a more judicious selection of clinical doses on the basis of nonclinical data. We hypothesize that this can be achieved for CNS-acting drugs based on knowledge of CNS PK and brain target engagement obtained in nonclinical studies. Translating CNS PK models from rat to human can allow for the prediction of human brain PK and the human dose-brain exposure relationship, which can provide insight on the clinical dose(s) having potential brain activity and target engagement. In this study, we explored the potential utility of this translational approach using rat brain microdialysis and PK modeling techniques to predict human brain extracellular fluid PK of atomoxetine and duloxetine. The results show that this translational approach merits consideration as a means to support the clinical development of CNS-mediated drug candidates by enhancing the ability to predict pharmacologically relevant doses in humans in the absence of or in association with other biomarker approaches.
Paternal Incarceration and Children's Physically Aggressive Behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

This study extends research on the consequences of mass imprisonment and the causes of children's behavioral problems by considering the effects of paternal incarceration on children's physical aggression at age 5 using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results suggest that paternal incarceration is associated with increased physical aggression for boys, and that effects are concentrated among boys whose fathers were neither incarcerated for a violent offense nor abusive to the boys' mother. Results also suggest that paternal incarceration may decrease girls' physical aggression, although this finding is not robust. Taken together, results imply that mass imprisonment may contribute to a system of stratification in which crime and incarceration are passed down from fathers to sons (but not daughters).
Mechanism of Blood Coagulation by Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Summary form only given. Blood coagulation by direct contact of nonthermal atmospheric pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in vitro has been reported previously. This discharge appears to promote rapid blood coagulation by enhancing natural coagulation processes. However, there is no detailed understanding of the specific mechanisms by which this nonthermal plasma coagulates blood. In this paper we investigate few different mechanisms and present some that seem to play an important role. Blood coagulation is, in general, a complex process that involves platelets, various coagulation proteins, and ions. In-vivo, platelet activation usually initiates the coagulation cascade which ends in platelet aggregation and conversion of fibrinogen into cross-linked fibrin. Therefore, non-thermal plasma could coagulate blood through multiple pathways including platelet activation, activation of intermediate protein factors and increasing concentration of ionic species. Previously it was hypothesized that direct exposure to DBD plasma initiates coagulation in blood through increase in concentration of Ca2+, an important factor in the coagulation cascade. We test this hypothesis experimentally by measuring pH and Ca2+ in the nonthermal plasma treated blood using standard pH meter and calcium selective electrode. These studies have shown that no significant change occurs in pH or calcium ion concentration during the typical time of blood coagulation in discharge treated blood. In this work we also tested the effect of the nonthermal plasma exposure on Fibrinogen, an important protein participating in the final stages of the coagulation cascade. Nonthermal plasma exposure of a buffered solution of fibrinogen for only five seconds results in clear change of the solution opacity. Interestingly, the effect of this discharge is highly selective as a similar solution of Albumin does not show any signs of change after even longer treatment. Activity and structure of these proteins after non-thermal plasma treatment is analyzed via gel electrophoresis tests and linked to coagulation kinetics. Results and conclusions that will be presented in this paper indicate that selective conversion of Fibrinogen is clearly one of the mechanisms by which nonthermal plasma induces blood coagulation.
Upper Endoscopy in Children Do Symptoms Predict Positive Findings

Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD) is an important diagnostic tool for many gastrointestinal symptoms. In recent years, the number of EGDs has increased dramatically. Unfortunately, the rate of negative (normal) EGD in children is high, approximating 50% of all procedures. To decrease the cost of EGD procedures, it is important to assess which clinical symptom would detect positive findings. This information may also be valuable in improving the referral practices of the primary care physicians for EGD. In a retrospective study, we investigated the pathological yield of the first EGD in children referred for various symptoms. Abdominal pain was the most common referral symptom and the best predictor of positive EGD, reaching an accuracy level of 79.9%. All other investigated symptoms had less than 50% accuracy. We concluded that most gastrointestinal symptoms in children have a poor predictive value for positive EGD. A cost-benefit analysis of EGD in children is needed.
The identity of chemical and hormonal properties of the thyrotropin releasing hormone and pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide.

Abstract The structure of L-pyroglutamyl- l -histidyl- l -proline amide (I) is in agreement with all Qf the known chemical and hormonal properties of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TIM) from porcine hypothalami. This structural interpretation is probably applicable to the THE of other mammalian species, and is chemically based on the chromatographic identity in seventeen diversified systems and is biologically based on a quantitative comparison of the hormonal activities of the natural and synthetic products. This formulation of structure represents the elucidation of the first of the hypothalamic hormones that have been sought for so long.
APPRECIATING A SCIENTIST-THEOLOGIAN: SOME REMARKS ON THE WORK OF JOHN POLKINGHORNE

Perhaps the greatest irony about the contemporary reli- gion-science dialogue is the fact that, despite their own strongly ar- ticulated denials, many thinkers implicitly accept the "warfare" thesis of A. D. White—that is, they agree with White that traditional the- ology has proved unable to engage science in fruitful conversation. More than most others, John Polkinghorne understands just how badly White misread the history of Christianity and science, and how much theology has been impoverished by its failure to challenge this core assumption of modernity.
BOOTSTRAPPED MULTI‐DIMENSIONAL PRODUCT LIMIT PROCESS

Summary We approximate the limit process for a multivariate censored survival distribution using the bootstrap. The empirical process has a complicated covariance structure depending on the survival and censoring. The bootstrapped process provides a means to develop distribution-free procedures including simultaneous confidence bands. Results extend to comparison of multivariate survival distributions. A gallstone study is examined in some
Size of Larval Northern Pike Emigrating from Spawning Wetlands

ABSTRACT We collected larval northern pike (Esox lucius) in spawning wetlands and adjacent deepwater habitat during the springs of 1993 and 1994. Larval northern pike began to emigrate from spawning wetlands at sizes as small as 14.0 mm TL; however, they remained in close proximity to spawning wetlands until reaching sizes of 50 mm TL or greater. The initial emigration began before larvae became cannibalistic, and larger larvae emigrated before smaller ones indicating that intraspecific aggression probably does not play a role in this stage of emigration. Samples later in the spring indicated that some larvae either delayed emigration or returned to deeper parts of spawning wetlands. Transitional habitats may be important for survival of young of the year northern pike.
Indirect evidence of cyclosporin A isradipine interaction in a patient with Sézary's syndrome

Certain calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem, nicardipine, and verapamil, but not nifedipine, are known to raise blood levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) upon concomitant administration. Isradipine, a newer calcium channel blocker purportedly free of interaction with CsA metabolism, was utilized for blood pressure control in a patient with Sezary's syndrome being treated with CsA. Unexpectedly, indirect evidence of a drug-drug interaction occurred with alterations in CsA blood levels dependent upon continuation/discontinuation of isradipine. Although a single case, this report underscores the necessity for monitoring CsA blood levels in patients being treated with other drugs in order to avoid deleterious side-effects secondary to altered CsA levels.
Consequences of adolescent pregnancy/parenting: a review of the literature

This article reviews the empirical literature on the consequences of adolescent parenting in the arenas of economic impact, health risks to mother and child, parenting practices, and cognitive and behavioral performance of children. These consequences are divided between the direct effects of adolescent pregnancy and indirect effects, the latter of which are the socioeconomic and background correlates that also contribute to the risk of adolescent pregnancy, such as socioeconomic status, educational level, family structure, and family size. From this review of factors, social work practice and policy recommendations to reduce risk will be explored.