cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Palsy, Developmental Coordination Disorder, Visual and Hearing Impairments in Infants Born Preterm

Motor disabilities and neurosensory impairments are common in survivors of prematurity, and significantly affect quality of life. Cerebral palsy occurs with a much higher prevalence in preterm survivors compared with term infants; however, another less severe but important neuromotor condition is developmental coordination disorder. Visual and hearing impairments are less common, but significantly compound physical disabilities. Early identification and referral for services are important to optimize functioning, learning, and community supports for these children. This article provides a review of prevalence, at-risk factors, presenting signs and symptoms, and management strategies for these conditions.
Chapter 9 – Venture Capital*

Venture capital has emerged as an important intermediary in financial markets, providing capital to young high-technology firms that might have otherwise gone unfunded. Venture capitalists have developed a variety of mechanisms to overcome the problems that emerge at each stage of the investment process. At the same time, the venture capital process is also subject to various pathologies from time to time, which can create problems for investors or entrepreneurs. This handbook chapter reviews the recent empirical literature on these organizations and points out area where further research is needed.
El tratamiento a largo plazo del trastorno bipolar

Las indicaciones medicamentosas para el tratamiento del trastorno bipolar (TB) requieren de una ponderacion de la necesidad de tratamiento del episodio en curso y su evolucion a largo plazo. Los objetivos principales radicaran en estabilizar el animo, evitar un episodio de polaridad opuesta y prevenir posibles recaidas. Dentro del abanico de tratamientos disponibles se encuentran los estabilizadores del humor, los antipsicoticos, los antidepresivos, y las terapias no farmacologicas. En el presente trabajo se realiza un recorrido sobre las ventajas y desventajas de estos tratamientos. La evidencia empirica indica que el litio resulta el estabilizador del humor mas utilizado siendo considerado como gold standard para la prueba de nuevos tratamientos. Los antipsicoticos suelen ser los farmacos de eleccion para episodios maniacos con o sin este tipo de sintomas y prefiriendose a los atipicos por presentar menores efectos secundarios. El uso de antidepresivos debe ser cauteloso por el riesgo de polarizacion a estados maniacos. Finalmente, dentro de las terapias no farmacologicas, la terapia cognitivo conductual y la psicoeducacion son consideradas las intervenciones mas eficaces.
Aqueous Electrolyte Ionization over Extreme Ranges as Simple Fundamental Relation with Density and Believed Universal; Sodium Chloride Ionization from 0^o^ to 1000^o^C and to 1000 MPa (10000 Atm.)

The chemical nature of aqueous electrolyte ionization is illustrated by a simple relationship with water as a reactant believed to correlate ionization of aqueous sodium chloride approaching infinite dilution over the entire range of temperature and pressure [0 to 1000^o^C; 0.1 to 1000 MPa (10000 Atm)]. The derived equation accurately and smoothly describes the ionization constant of sodium chloride [_K_(NaCl)] in both water and water strongly diluted by inert solvent. Effects of water density on ionization are quantitatively and simply described that oppose conventional theory that ionization is a function only of dielectric constant, and theorists should apply this simplicity with density in understanding aqueous electrolyte ionization. There appears to be no substantive evidence for Pitzer's earlier proposal (1983) that _K_(NaCl) with decreasing very low densities (if known) would diverge sharply downward by several orders of magnitude. Classical ionization theories are limited in universal application, and it seems that theory must adjust to this observed simple fundamental relationship.
Effect of tapered magnetic field on expanding laser-produced plasma for heavy-ion inertial fusion

A laser ion source is a promising candidate as an ion source for heavy ion inertial fusion (HIF), where a pulsed ultra-intense and low-charged heavy ion beam is required. It is a key development for a laser ion source to transport laser-produced plasma with a magnetic field to achieve a high current beam. The effect of a tapered magnetic field on laser produced plasma is demonstrated by comparing the results with a straight solenoid magnet. The magnetic field of interest is a wider aperture on a target side and narrower aperture on an extraction side. Furthermore, based on the experimentally obtained results, the performance of a scaled laser ion source for HIF was estimated.
The Politics of Bureaucratic Corruption in Post-Transitional Eastern Europe

Using a mix of ethnographic, survey, and comparative historical methodologies, this book offers an unprecedented insight into the corruption economies of Ukrainian and Belarusian universities, hospitals, and secondary schools. Its detailed analysis suggests that political turnover in hybrid political regimes has a strong impact on petty economic crime in service-provision bureaucracies. Theoretically, the book rejects the dominant paradigm that attributes corruption to the allegedly ongoing political transition. Instead, it develops a more nuanced approach that appreciates the complexity of corruption economies in non-Western societies, embraces the local meanings and functions of corruption, and recognizes the stability of new post-transitional regimes in Eastern Europe and beyond. This book offers a critical look at the social costs of transparency, develops a blueprint for a 'sociology of corruption', and offers concrete and feasible policy recommendations. It will appeal to scholars across the social sciences, policymakers and a variety of anti-corruption and social justice activists.
Environmental Impact Communication: Cape Wind EIS, 2001–2015:

“Cape Wind” is a proposed wind-energy project off the Massachusetts coast. Its environmental effects are detailed in an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Writers of an EIS must address rhetoric...
Quality of life and inflammation among bereaved individuals and controls

Spousal bereavement is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The pathways involved in this association are not well understood; however, inflammation has been implicated as an important factor. In this study, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between dimensions of quality of life and inflammation, and explore the moderating role of bereavement in these associations. Participants included 46 bereaved individuals and 60 controls with a mean age of 65.15 (SD = 15.00). Inflammation was measured using C-reactive protein (CRP). Dimensions of quality of life were measured using subscales of the Short Form Health Survey-36 (Physical functioning, role limitations, emotional limitations, energy and fatigue, mental health, social role functioning, bodily pain and general health). After controlling for participant age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and comorbid conditions, worse perceived general health was associated with increased inflammation among bereaved individuals and controls (B = −0.016, p = 0.026). Further, there was a significant moderating effect of bereavement in the association between inflammation and physical functioning (Binteraction = −0.019, p = 0.047), role limitations (B interaction = −0.016, p = 0.005), energy and fatigue (B interaction = −0.026, p = 0.033), mental health (B interaction = −0.038, p = 0.005), and social role functioning (B interaction = −0.026, p = 0.015). Associations between lower scores on these subscales and increased inflammation were present among bereaved individuals, only. This is the first study to examine the role of bereavement on the association between quality of life and inflammation.
A Monte Carlo simulation approach for estimating the health and economic impact of interventions provided at a student-run clinic.

Background Student Run Clinics (SRCs) are a common aspect of medical education, present at more than half of US medical schools, and noted for providing care to communities that might otherwise lack access, including the uninsured and underinsured. To date, few studies have rigorously quantified the health and economic benefits of SRCs, and the present study remedies that. Methods and findings We used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the health impact of common preventive health interventions applied to individuals in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We then used those measurements to estimate the health and economic impact of United Community Clinic (UCC), a student-run clinic in Philadelphia, PA. We found that with an annual operating budget of $50,000, UCC saves 6.5 QALYs, corresponding to over $850,000 saved. Conclusions Using Monte Carlo simulation methods, the health and economic impact of SRCs can be reasonably estimated to demonstrate the utility of SRCs and justify their growing importance in the healthcare delivery landscape of the US.
Normally transparent smart window based on electrically induced instability in dielectrically negative cholesteric liquid crystal

We demonstrate a normally transparent smart window based on a cholesteric liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy. The window is electrically switchable between clear and diffuse states. The clear state exhibits a well-aligned planar cholesteric texture and is stable in the absence of an electric field, while the diffuse state is switched on when applying a field higher than the undulation instability threshold. The degree of translucency can be controlled by varying the field strength. When the applied field is removed, the smart window relaxes back to the clear state spontaneously. It is also found that a much faster diffuse–clear process can be stimulated by reducing the field below the instability threshold. The smart window presents itself a promising projector screen for augmented reality applications as it features single stable state, sub-second switching speed, and polymerization-free fabrication.
Special Social Functions

The department organized a long series of lobster picnics-feasts from 1980 to 2001 at the exceptionally generous invitation of Senior Nurse Agnes Fiore. These were held at her Cohasset home. This was a splendid arrangement due to the exceptionally gracious hospitality of Agnes at the site within view of the ocean.
Fracture Resistance of Metal-Infiltrated Porous Ceramics

The development of infiltrated porous ceramics as specialty structural materials is an area of technological promise in the engineering of materials. The attractive features of selected ceramics-e.g. hardness, oxidation resistance-can be exploited without the necessity of achieving full density in the solid. The direct production of complex geometries, through the cold-pressing and sintering of powders, or related techniques, is complemented by relatively facile machining. Within certain limits, the strength levels of the solids can approach that of the fully dense product when the porous elements are fully infiltrated by the proper infiltrant.
Two-Capacity Flow: Cellular Automata Simulations and Kinematic-Wave Models

A simple CA model (CA-184s2ss) is shown to reproduce, at freeway bottlenecks, elements of the observed phenomena of two-capacity flow, including both breakdown and recovery flows, and of wide moving jams. Notwithstanding that both of these phenomena are incompatible with classical kinematic-wave models (KWMs) of traffic flow, sufficiently coarsely time-aggregated CA-184s2ss simulations are shown to be approximated modestly well by the KWM, with a single suitable empirically determined capacity at the bottleneck.
Basic Transport Equations According to Thermodynamics, Molecular Diffusion, Mechanisms in Membranes, and Multiphasic Structure

Now we shall consider the movement of water and other fluids in our bodies, especially the exchange of fluid between blood and the extravascular tissues. Red blood cells cannot leave the blood vessel; but water, ions, and some white blood cells can. The fluid in the extravascular space moves and exchanges matter with the cells in the body. The ionic composition of the fluid in the cells is quite different from that in the extracellular space. Extracellular fluid is rich in Na+, Cl−, HCO 3 − , whereas the intracellular fluid is rich in K+ Mg++, phosphates, proteins, and organic phosphates. The composition of blood plasma is fairly similar to that of the extravascular fluid, except that the plasma has some 14 mEq/L of proteins while extracellular fluid has essentially none. See Table 8.1:1. To talk about mass transport in the body we must explain how this difference in composition comes about.
What Makes a Good Developer? An Empirical Study of Developers' Technical and Social Competencies

Technical and social competencies are highly desirable for a protean developer. Managers make hiring decisions based on developer's contributions to online peer production sites like GitHub and Stack Overflow. These sites provide ample history regarding developers' technical and social skills. Although these histories are utilized by hiring tools to help managers make their hiring decisions, little is known empirically how developers' social skills affect their technical skills and vice versa. Without such knowledge, tools, research, and training might be flawed. We present an in-depth empirical study investigating the correlation between the technical and social skills of developers. Our quantitative analysis of factors influencing the social skills of developers compared with factors affecting their technical skills indicates that better collaboration competency skills are associated with enhanced coding abilities as well as the quality of code.
Studies into the mass transfer and energy consumption of commercial feed spacers for RO membrane modules using CFD: Effectiveness of performance measures

Abstract Different approaches have been reported in the literature that aim to improve the performance of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant operations, attempting to make the desalination process more efficient. This study investigates the performance of four commercial feed spacers for spiral wound reverse osmosis modules by considering energy consumption and production capacity, as well as their combination, through a previously proven approach to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. Among the performance measures studied, SCE (spacer configuration efficacy), SPC (specific power consumption) and Pn (power number) showed a high level of predictability (R2 ≥ 0.998, 0.994 and 0.994, respectively) through power law correlations of Re with two spacer-dependent parameters. Of the four commercial spacers investigated, the DelStar Technologies Naltex N05013_90HDPE-NAT (“90 HDPE”) spacer has been ranked as the best or second best based on multiple performance measures over the flow range Re = 50–100. Furthermore, the very weak response to flowrate changes observed for 90 HDPE, based on pressure loss, SPC, Pn, Sh and SCE measures, indicates the prospects for energy savings. SPMP′, a modified definition of SPMP (Spacer Performance Ratio), shows no consistent response to flow variations for the spacers studied.
Cardiac sympathectomy for refractory ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Background The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Sudden cardiac death commonly occurs during exertion, and β-blockers are associated with a reduction in arrhythmia burden. Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) has been shown to reduce implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks in patients with structural heart disease and refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT); however, data in ARVC are sparse. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of BCSD in patients with ARVC and refractory VT. Methods Consecutive patients with ARVC who underwent BCSD because of refractory VT were included. Number of ICD shocks, sustained VT episodes, VT storm, and antiarrhythmic therapy were assessed and compared before and after the intervention. VT-free survival rate, death, and heart transplantation were also evaluated. Results Eight patients with ARVC (mean age 32 ± 20 years; 3 men [38%]) underwent sympathectomy for recurrent VT. All patients failed catheter ablation, and 50% had a desmosomal mutation identified. Procedural complications included neuropathic pain, paravertebral venous plexus injury, and pneumothorax. Over a mean follow-up of 1.9 ± 0.9 years, 5 patients (63%) had no VT recurrence. BCSD significantly reduced the number of ICD shocks or sustained VT compared with 1-year pre-BCSD (mean 12.6 ± 18.2 and median 6.5 [interquartile range 4.5–10.5] pre-BCSD vs 0.9 ± 1.4 and 0 [interquartile range 0–1.5] post-BCSD; P = .011). Most of the patients (88%) were on β-blocker therapy alone at the end of follow-up. One patient underwent heart transplantation because of heart failure, and no deaths occurred. Conclusion BCSD may be an effective option for patients with ARVC and refractory ventricular arrhythmia who have failed conventional treatment modalities.
How to Survive a Zombie Apocalypse: Using Monroe's Motivated Sequence to Persuade in a Public-Speaking Classroom.

Courses: Public speaking.Objective: This activity introduces and activates Monroe's Motivated Sequence.
Hospital-Based Back Surgery: Geospatial-Temporal, Explanatory, and Predictive Models

Background: Hospital-based back surgery in the United States increased by 60% from January 2012 to December 2017, yet the supply of neurosurgeons remained relatively constant. During this time, adult obesity grew by 5%. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the demand and associated costs for hospital-based back surgery by geolocation over time to evaluate provider practice variation. The study then leveraged hierarchical time series to generate tight demand forecasts on an unobserved test set. Finally, explanatory financial, technical, workload, geographical, and temporal factors as well as state-level obesity rates were investigated as predictors for the demand for hospital-based back surgery. Methods: Hospital data from January 2012 to December 2017 were used to generate geospatial-temporal maps and a video of the Current Procedural Terminology codes beginning with the digit 63 claims. Hierarchical time series modeling provided forecasts for each state, the census regions, and the nation for an unobserved test set and then again for the out-years of 2018 and 2019. Stepwise regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, elastic net, and gradient-boosted random forests were built on a training set and evaluated on a test set to evaluate variables important to explaining the demand for hospital-based back surgery. Results: Widespread, unexplained practice variation over time was seen using geographical information systems (GIS) multimedia mapping. Hierarchical time series provided accurate forecasts on a blind dataset and suggested a 6.52% (from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 529,777 in 2018) growth of hospital-based back surgery in 2018 (529,777 and up to 13.00% by 2019 [from 497,325 procedures in 2017 to 563,023 procedures in 2019]). The increase in payments by 2019 are estimated to be US $323.9 million. Extreme gradient-boosted random forests beat constrained and unconstrained regression models on a 20% unobserved test set and suggested that obesity is one of the most important factors in explaining the increase in demand for hospital-based back surgery. Conclusions: Practice variation and obesity are factors to consider when estimating demand for hospital-based back surgery. Federal, state, and local planners should evaluate demand-side and supply-side interventions for this emerging problem.
Wireless Sensing for Human Activity: A Survey

With the advancement of wireless technologies and sensing methodologies, many studies have shown the success of re-using wireless signals (e.g., WiFi) to sense human activities and thereby realize a set of emerging applications, ranging from intrusion detection, daily activity recognition, gesture recognition to vital signs monitoring and user identification involving even finer-grained motion sensing. These applications arguably can brace various domains for smart home and office environments, including safety protection, well-being monitoring/management, smart healthcare and smart-appliance interaction. The movements of the human body impact the wireless signal propagation (e.g., reflection, diffraction and scattering), which provide great opportunities to capture human motions by analyzing the received wireless signals. Researchers take the advantage of the existing wireless links among mobile/smart devices (e.g., laptops, smartphones, smart thermostats, smart refrigerators and virtual assistance systems) by either extracting the ready-to-use signal measurements or adopting frequency modulated signals to detect the frequency shift. Due to the low-cost and non-intrusive sensing nature, wireless-based human activity sensing has drawn considerable attention and become a prominent research field over the past decade. In this paper, we survey the existing wireless sensing systems in terms of their basic principles, techniques and system structures. Particularly, we describe how the wireless signals could be utilized to facilitate an array of applications including intrusion detection, room occupancy monitoring, daily activity recognition, gesture recognition, vital signs monitoring, user identification and indoor localization. The future research directions and limitations of using wireless signals for human activity sensing are also discussed.
Exploring Middle School Students' Reflections on the Infusion of CS into Science Classrooms

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in teaching CS in the context of other disciplines such as science. However, learning CS in an interdisciplinary context may be particularly challenging for students. An important goal for CS education researchers is to develop a deep understanding of the student experience when integrating CS into science classrooms in K-12. This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study in which 75 middle school students engaged in a series of computationally rich science activities by creating simulations and models in a block-based programming language. After two semesters, students reported their experiences on in-class computer science activities through reflection essays. The quantitative results show that both experienced and novice students increased their CS knowledge significantly after several weeks, and a majority of students (72%) had positive sentiment toward the integration of CS into their science class. Deeper qualitative analysis of students' reflections revealed positive themes centered around the visualization and gamification of science concepts, the hands-on nature of the coding activities, and showing science from a different angle. On the other hand, students expressed negative sentiments on weaknesses in the activity design, lack of CS/science background/interest, and failing to make connections between CS and science concepts. These findings inform efforts to infuse CS education into different disciplines and reveal patterns that may foster success of K-12 classroom implementations.
Optimizing Anisotropic Polyurethane Scaffolds to Mechanically Match with Native Myocardium

Biodegradable cardiac patch is desirable to possess mechanical properties mimicking native myocardium for heart infarction treatment. We fabricated a series of anisotropic and biodegradable polyurethane porous scaffolds via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and tailored their mechanical properties by using various polyurethanes with different soft segments and varying polymer concentrations. The uniaxial mechanical properties, suture retention strength, ball-burst strength, and biaxial mechanical properties of the anisotropic porous scaffolds were optimized to mechanically match native myocardium. The optimal anisotropic scaffold had a ball burst strength (20.7 ± 1.5 N) comparable to that of native porcine myocardium (20.4 ± 6.0 N) and showed anisotropic behavior close to biaxial stretching behavior of the native porcine myocardium. Furthermore, the optimized porous scaffold was combined with a porcine myocardium-derived hydrogel to form a biohybrid scaffold. The biohybrid scaffold showed morphologies similar to the decellularized porcine myocardial matrix. This combination did not affect the mechanical properties of the synthetic scaffold alone. After in vivo rat subcutaneous implantation, the biohybrid scaffolds showed minimal immune response and exhibited higher cell penetration than the polyurethane scaffold alone. This biohybrid scaffold with biomimetic mechanics and good tissue compatibility would have great potential to be applied as a biodegradable acellular cardiac patch for myocardial infarction treatment.
Investigations of positive streamers as quasi-steady structures using reduced order models

Single streamers are currently well simulated using detailed computational models. Most of these models are inhibitively complex to use for modelling many-streamer interactions in a streamer corona. This work develops reduced order models of single positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air that replicate the core macroscopic behaviour of detailed models whilst using a simpler physics representation. Models are developed using the 1.5D framework, with emphasis placed on solving the equations of motion in the streamer reference frame. The solution in this quasi-steady frame is shown to be a good representation of the instantaneous state of the streamer. Finally, a method of uniquely characterizing the instantaneous state of a streamer using its macroscopic parameters (velocity, radius, tip electric field and channel electric field) is developed. This characterization is interpreted graphically, with streamers treated as quasi-steady structures which evolve in time at a rate much slower than the time scale of electron transport. Previous work in the literature is shown to be well captured by this interpretation.
A Standardized Electrode Nomenclature for Stereoelectroencephalography Applications.

Purpose Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is widely performed on individuals with medically refractory epilepsy for whom invasive seizure localization is desired. Despite increasing adoption in many centers across the world, no standardized electrode naming convention exists, generating confusion among both clinical and research teams. Methods We have developed a novel nomenclature, named the Standardized Electrode Nomenclature for SEEG Applications system. Concise, unique, informative, and unambiguous labels provide information about entry point, deep targets, and relationships between electrodes. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated by comparing original electrode names from 10 randomly sampled cases (including 136 electrodes) with those prospectively assigned by four additional blinded raters. Results The Standardized Electrode Nomenclature for SEEG Application system was prospectively implemented in 40 consecutive patients undergoing SEEG monitoring at our institution, creating unique electrode names in all cases, and facilitating implantation design, SEEG recording and mapping interpretation, and treatment planning among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and neurophysiologists. The inter-rater percent agreement for electrode names among two neurosurgeons, two epilepsy neurologists, and one neurosurgical fellow was 97.5%. Conclusions This standardized naming convention, Standardized Electrode Nomenclature for SEEG Application, provides a simple, concise, reproducible, and informative method for specifying the target(s) and relative position of each SEEG electrode in each patient, allowing for successful sharing of information in both the clinical and research settings. General adoption of this nomenclature could pave the way for improved communication and collaboration between institutions.
Deconstructing Cumulative Risk: Poverty and Aspects of Instability Relate Uniquely to Young Children’s Basal Cortisol

This study deconstructs cumulative risk to probe unique relations to basal cortisol for family income and four distinct aspects of poverty-related instability. Participants were 288 children aged 3-5 years who attended Head Start preschool. Parents reported on poverty risks. Children provided samples of salivary cortisol at four times of day on 6 days. Results of hierarchical linear modeling with piecewise latent growth curves representing basal cortisol indicated unique relations for family income, household chaos, neighborhood risk, attachment-disruptive residential changes, and non-attachment changes. The findings support an equifinality implied by cumulative risk models in demonstrating that multiple risks relate to cortisol dysregulation yet also suggest the utility of considering unique effects of different risks for neurophysiological stress response functioning.
Picture Perfect: How Attaining the Ideal Meal is Not So Easy for Parents of Young Children.

Abstract Objective To explore parental perspectives on the ideals and realities of family mealtimes. Design Mini-focus groups (n = 7). Setting Rural Colorado, US. Participants Parents (n = 30) were recruited at Head Start/preschool centers. Phenomenon of Interest Parent perspectives on mealtimes with preschool-aged children. Analysis Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three categories of themes emerged: participant conceptions of ideal family meals, challenges to achieving their ideal family meal, and parental solutions. The theme of participant conceptions of ideal family meals composed family togetherness, children liking and eating the prepared food, healthfulness of food, and a nonchaotic mealtime. Challenges to achieving their ideal family meal included work schedules, disruptive child behaviors, child pickiness, snacking, and negative role-modeling. Finally, parental solutions to challenges incorporated having flexible meal timings, considering child preferences in premeal preparations, role-modeling, and numerous other parenting strategies. Conclusions and Implications While parents valued many aspects of a version of the ideal meal rooted in historical standards, families faced many challenges in trying to attain that ideal. Although parents employed various strategies to combat mealtime challenges, parental expectations for preschool-aged children's mealtime behaviors may be unrealistic for the developmental stage of early childhood. Future interventions could help parents develop age-appropriate mealtime expectations.
Message Interactivity and Source Credibility in Online Dental Practice Reviews: Responding to Reviews Triggers Positive Consumer Reactions Regardless of Review Valence.

Online health reviews are powerful since people use them to glean information about medical professionals. Nonetheless, less is known about what strategies can cultivate positive relationships with consumers when the latter are exposed to patient reviews. A 2 (review valence: negative vs. positive) x 3 (message interactivity: low vs medium vs high) x 2 (review responding source: customer service representative vs. dentist) between-subjects (N = 410) online experiment was conducted. The results showed that positive reviews (vs. negative reviews) and increased organizational responsiveness led to more favorable prospective patient reactions toward the reviewed dental practice.Most importantly, this study detected a significant two-way interaction between review valence and message interactivity. As found, even in the presence of negative reviews higher levels of message interactivity on online review sites can significantly improve the health organization-public relationship (e.g., trust, commitment, satisfaction, control mutuality) as well as enhance organizational reputation and patient behavioral intentions.Mediation tests revealed that source credibility mediated the effects of the review responding source on the relational outcomes, organizational reputation, and consumer behavioral intentions. More specifically, when a dentist replied to the reviews prospective patients perceived favorably the dental clinic and were more likely to visit it in the future than when a customer service representative responded. Theoretical and practical implications for effective online relationship management in the healthcare industry are discussed.
Patient Engagement: Tracking Patients Respiratory Care Experience Using a 5 Star Satisfaction Survey

Background: The experience between in-patients and the health care systems they access has become more troublesome. In-patients are sending a loud message which brings health care’s quality of care into question. How the patient feels about his or her care is a significant driver of whether or not they will promote and/or recommend a health care institution within their sphere of influence. Three strategies have been suggested to enrich the patient’s experience: 1) individualization of patients based on their values, needs and preferences, 2) timely information sharing between the patient and care provider, and 3) use survey instruments which invites the patients to provide feedback about their hospital experience which can be compared with patient experiences regionally and nationally[1]. At UCSF Health we send all former in-patients a survey to determine if they would recommend our services for medical care. Our medical system has set a satisfaction rating metric of > 60% return of “yes, I would recommend” UCSF Health for medical care. Respiratory Care Services (RCS) provides respiratory care across all areas of UCSF Health, historically our service has never had a method or specific tool to evaluate and monitor patient’s satisfaction associated with the care provide. Methods: In an effort to measure the impact of RCS on Patient Experience, we implemented a 5 star survey tool for patients who were assigned to a RCS Clinical Pathway. Patients were surveyed on their overall satisfaction with our service. In addition, we also surveyed if the patient would recommend UCSF Health for medical care. Results: During the first quarter of calendar year ’19 we surveyed a total 46 patients, representing all areas of acute and transitional in-patient care. Considering the University’s True North metric for recommendation ratability, we are using our survey as a sample size metric. Thus far our results have produced a 100% return rate of “yes, I (patient) would recommend UCSF Health”. Conclusions: This survey provided patients with a platform to provide real time feedback, which allows for timely intervention. Selecting patients in whom we provide respiratory care services, ensures that we hold ourselves accountable to the service that we provide. The survey also provides us with a tool to deliver timely recognition to respiratory care staff. Reference: [1] Brook RH, McGlynn EA, Cleary PD. Quality of health care. Part 2: measuring quality of care. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:966.
Strategies to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in classroom settings: Combined impacts of ventilation and mask effective filtration efficiency

Strong evidence exists indicating that aerosol transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a significant transmission modality. We experimentally evaluated the impact of ventilation on aero...
Interrupting White Supremacy in Field Education: Experiences of Microaggressions in Placement Settings

As social work’s signature pedagogy, field education socializes students into their professional roles as practitioners. However, for students and field instructors of color, racial microaggressions add another dimension to the practice experience. Utilizing findings from a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) social work students and agency-based field instructors, this paper highlights experiences of microaggressions in field placement settings. Specifically, BIPOC students and field instructors described being tokenized in agencies, feeling invisible in placement settings, experiencing microaggressions from service users or students, and witnessing microaggressions. Experiences of microaggressions had emotional impacts, and affected participants’ sense of professional identity and confidence. Based on findings, we share recommendations for addressing racial microaggressions within social work field education in order to promote racial equity, including: grounding microaggressions in an ecological approach, unpacking the concept of professionalism, and building capacity of field instructors and agencies to respond to racism and microaggressions. Addressing microaggressions in field education is necessary to support BIPOC students in field placements, honor the work and well-being of racialized social workers who serve as field instructors, disrupt white supremacy, and move the social work field forward in regard to anti-racist practice.
Robotic Applications in Surgical Oncology

Robotic applications in surgical oncology can be as abstract as machine-learning algorithms used to elucidate genomic variations. Robots are involved in sequencing the genome, aiding diagnoses and developing new chemotherapeutic agents, as well as testing these agents in virtual environments. Traditional robotic automation prevails in the diagnostic phases of surgical oncology. Clinical uses include robotic brachytherapy, automated stereotactic radiation with beam intensity modulation and the increasingly relevant da Vinci™ robot. A brief assessment of the patterns of oncological development with the da Vinci throughout major specialties is discussed. The future importance of the Intuitive robot as an oncological tool centers on its use as a computer platform that allows increased surgeon precision not only with increased dexterity but by providing layers of patient information at levels of complexity beyond three-dimensional visualization.
Frequency/Time hopping sequences with large linear complexities

In this paper, we discuss some methods of constructing frequency/time hopping (FH/TH) sequences over GF(pk) by taking successive k-tuples of given sequences over GF(p). We are able to characterize those p-ary sequences whose k-tuple versions now over GF(pk) have the maximum possible linear complexities (LCs). Next, we consider the FH/TH sequence generators composed of a combinatorial function generator and some buffers. We are able to characterize the generators whose output FH/TH sequences over GF(pk) have the maximum possible LC for the given algebraic normal form.
Two transcription products of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome may control L-cell protein synthesis.

When mouse L-cells are infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, there is a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis ranging from 20 to 85% of that in mock-infected cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus, irradiated with increasing doses of UV light, eventually loses this capacity to inhibit protein synthesis. The UV inactivation curve was biphasic, suggesting that transcription of two regions of the viral genome is necessary for the virus to become inactivated in this capacity. The first transcription produced corresponded to about 373 nucleotides, and the second corresponded to about 42 nucleotides. Inhibition of transcription of the larger product by irradiating the virus with low doses of UV light left a residual inhibition of protein synthesis consisting of approximately 60 to 65% of the total inhibition. This residual inhibition could be obviated by irradiating the virus with a UV dose of greater than 20,000 ergs/mm/sup 2/ and was thus considered to represent the effect of the smaller transcription product. In the R1 mutant of another author, the inhibition of transcription of the larger product sufficed to restore protein synthesis to the mock-infected level, suggesting that the smaller transcription product is nonfunctional with respect to protein synthesis inhibition. Extracts from cells infectedmore » with virus irradiated with low doses of UV light showed a protein synthesis capacity quite similar to that of their in vivo counterparts, indicating that these extracts closely reflect the in vivo effects of virus infection.« less
The Stoichiometry and Kinetics of the Inducible Cysteine Desulfhydrase from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Studies using highly purified cysteine desulfhydrase from Salmonella typhimurium reveal that only a small fraction of the cysteine utilized by the enzyme appears as pyruvate. The isolation of 2-methyl-2, 4-thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid from reaction mixtures offers an explanation for this unusual stoichiometry. The relative amounts of pyruvate and thiazolidine produced during a reaction depend upon the cysteine concentration, pH, and the presence of a protein termed Fraction B, which prevents the formation of the thiazolidine. We propose that 2-aminoacrylate may be an intermediate in the formation of 2-methyl-2, 4-thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid. Substrate velocity curves for cysteine desulfhydrase reveal positive cooperativity with an n value of 1.9 and a Km, for l-cysteine of 0.17 to 0.21 mm. The product, sulfide, inhibits the reaction with a Ki of 0.010 mm. Sulfide inhibition is of the linear competitive type at high cysteine concentrations, but it becomes nonlinear and more pronounced at low cysteine concentrations.
Existence of the fragmentation region

Inclusive log tg θ spectra from multiparticle production in p-p collisions at 28.5 GeV from bubble chamber data are compared with 28.5 GeV p-N, 60 GeV π−-N, ∼400 GeV cosmic ray and ∼3000 GeV cosmic-ray emulsion data to demonstrate the existence of the fragmentation region.
Rapid Oscillations in DQ Her and UX Uma

Although the novalike variable UX UMa strongly resembles the classical nova DQ Her in color, emission spectrum, and optical lightcurve, the properties of the rapid oscillations in both systems are quite different. The oscillations differ in period, amplitude, and phase stability, but most remarkably they differ in the characteristics of the “eclipse related phase shift.” The phase shift in DQ Her is explainable by partial obscuration of the disk during eclipse, together with the idea that the oscillating light does not reach us directly from the white dwarf, but is reflected by the disk. It comes from a rotating UV beam originating near the white dwarf surface, which is reflected better by the backside of the disk than by the front side. We show that the phase shift in UX UMa is explainable by the same model, viewed at a different inclination angle i, if it is assumed that at this value of i reflection from the frontside of the disk is better than from the backside. There may be different ways to accomplish this preference. The results suggest that no retrograde rotation of the white dwarf (or retrogradely rotating nonradial pulsation) is needed to explain UX UMa’s eclipse related phase shift. These phase shifts provide a new (and quite accurate) way to determine a system’s inclination angle. Specific predictions are made for the behaviour of amplitude and phase of the oscillations in other eclipsing systems.
Hispanic Alcoholic Treatment Considerations.

A path analytic model for Hispanic alcoholics relating socioclinical prognostic variables to outcome following treatment in a therapeutic community differs markedly from that fitted to Anglo alcoholics. When Hispanics and Anglos were combined, a third model dropped out a socioclinical prognostic triad as Hispanic and Anglo effects cancelled out. The differential relationship of education to alcoholism severity and outcome was noted specifically as reflecting different racial-ethnic paths to recovery.
Insects Associated with Three Weedy Grasses and Yellow Nutsedge

Insects collected from the weeds Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., large crabgrass; Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., fall panicum; Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., johnsongrass; and Cyperus esculentus L., yellow nutsedge, in southwest Virginia were identified and tabulated. Plants were brought into the laboratory and either dissected or caged for emergence of insects. Some of the more prominent phytophagous species were briefly discussed. The results indicate that the most fully utilized food-habitat niche of nutsedge, fall panicum and crabgrass is the developing seed head and stalk, while little insect damage was observed on johnsongrass. Insects which feed on nutsedge tubers or on the foliage or roots of any of the 4 weedy species would have minimal competition.
Incorporating User Preferences Within an Optimal Traffic Flow Management Framework

The effectiveness of future decision support tools for Traffic Flow Management in the National Airspace System will depend on two major factors: computational burden and collaboration. Previous research has focused separately on these two aspects without consideration of their interaction. In this paper, their explicit combination is examined. It is shown that when user preferences are incorporated with an optimal approach to scheduling, runtime is not adversely affected. A benefit-cost ratio is used to measure the influence of user preferences on an optimal solution. This metric shows user preferences can be accommodated without inordinately, negatively affecting the overall system delay. Specifically, incorporating user preferences will increase delays proportionally to increased user satisfaction.
Characterization of lymphocytes responsible for protective immunity to histoplasmosis in mice.

Summary: Purified thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow derived (B) lymphocytes were obtained from spleens of C3H/HeN mice immunized with live yeast cells of H. capsulatum. Unfractionated spleen lymphocytes contained 44–46% T cells and 40–43% B cells. Adoptive transfer of unfractionated lymphocytes and T-enriched lymphocytes conferred significant protection against a lethal challenge with yeast cells of H. capsulatum (p < 0.001) whereas, only a minimal level of protection was observed in mice receiving B-cell enriched subpopulations. The unfractionated lymphocytes and T and B cells retained their in vitro immunological characteristics in lymphocyte transformation assays. Significant migration inhibition of PEC from recipients of unfractionated and T cells was observed in the presence of Histoplasma antigens (p < 0.01); the inhibition was similar to that seen with PEC from immunized donors. In contrast, the PEC from recipients of B cells did not show inhibition of macrophage migration under similar conditions. These results indicate that the purified lymphocytes retained their immunological characteristic and that the significant protective immunity is conferred only by T cells. Zusammenfassung: Aus der Milz von C3H/HeN-Mausen, die mit lebenden Histoplasma-capsulatum-Zellen (Hefeform) immunisiert worden waren, wurde eine gereinigte Lymphozyten-Fraktion gewonnen. Diese enthielt 44–46% T-Lymphozyten und 40–43% B-Lymphozyten. Die Ubertragung unfraktionierter Milz-Lymphozyten sowie T-Zell-angereicherter Lymphozyten auf syngenische nicht-immunisierte Mause bewirkte bei diesen einen signifikanten Schutz gegenuber einer fur ungeschutzte Mause todlichen Infektionsdosis von H. capsulatum; die Ubertragung einer B-Zell-angereicherten Lymphozyten-Population bewirkte dagegen nur einen minimalen Schutz. Die in vitro charakterisierten immunologischen Eigenschaften der unfraktionierten Lymphozyten sowie der T- und B-Zellen blieben in den Ubertragungsversuchen erhalten. An Peritonealexsudatzellen, gewonnen aus Empfangermausen, die unfraktionierte Lymphozyten oder T-Zellen enthalten batten, wurde in Gegenwart von Histoplasma-Antigenen eine signifikante Migrationshemmung beobachtet (p < 0,01); diese Hemmung lag in ahnlicher Grosenordnung wie diejenige, die an Peritonealexsudatzellen immunisierter Mause bestimmt wurde. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten die Peritonealexsudatzellen von Mausen, denen B-Zellen ubertragen worden waren, keine Migrationshemmung. Diese Ergebnisse belegen, das die gereinigten Lymphozyten ihre immunologischen Charakteristika behielten und das die signifikante protektive Immunitat nur von T-Zellen ubertragen wird.