cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catnip, Nepeta cataria (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)—A Closer Look: Seasonal Occurrence of Nepetalactone Isomers and Comparative Repellency of Three Terpenoids to Insects

Evidence of repellent properties in catnip, Nepeta cataria L., to sies and cockroaches was observed in preliminary studies. This study compared catnip essential oil from steam distillation and elemol, a major constituent of osage orange essential oil, to current commercial repellents. These comparative studies found both the catnip steam distillate and elemol to be as good, and in some cases better, at repelling house sies, Musca domestica L., and American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L., than N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) or citronellal. Both short-term and long-term repellency bioassays were used to assess repellency. Catnip essential oil showed greater repellency than DEET and citronellal in the short term. Extended repellency bioassays showed elemol to be more repellent than catnip steam distillate, citronellal, and DEET. Nepetalactone, the major constituent of catnip essential oil, is present as two isomers, and previous studies have shown the E,Z-nepetalactone (2-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethenyl)-5-methyl-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid delta lactone) isomer to be even more repellent to cockroaches than the dominant isomer, Z,E-nepetalactone. This study exam- ined the seasonal variation of the two isomers, Z,E- and E,Z-nepetalactone, in catnip. Samples of fresh catnip mature leaves, immature leaves, and stems were steam-distilled separately, and isomer com- position was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography (GC). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed signiÞcant differences by week. The mature leaf essential oil samples were tested in a repellency bioassay and exhibited signiÞcant repellency to German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L. The catnip soral volatiles were sampled using solid phase mi- croextraction, and analysis with GC/mass spectrometry showed the presence of Z,E-nepetalactone, E,Z-nepetalactone, and-caryophyllene as the major constituents. Phytophagous insects and potential pollinators present on sampling dates were recorded.
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy: Is It Antiarrhythmic or Proarrhythmic?

Available evidence supports the hypothesis that CRT results in favourable structural and electrical remodeling. Whether this effect would obviate the need for back-up defibrillation capability in CRT devices is unclear and should be the focus of further studies.
Detergent Solubilization of B-Lymphocyte Immunoglobulin

We recently completed a study of the ability of bursal and splenic lymphocytes to synthesize and release immunoglobulin (1). We had asked the question whether the capacity to synthesize immunoglobulin changes during differentiation. The bursae of newly hatched chicks were used as a source of immature B lymphocytes uncontaminated by plasma cells (2), and mature lymphocytes were isolated from the spleens of 3-month-old birds. Cell suspensions were fractionated by sedimentation velocity as a means to separate the lymphocytes, on the basis of size, into subpopulations (3, 4).
IRS Takes a Unique Approach in New Rules for Change in Accounting Method for Depreciation

Temporary regulations (T.D. 9105) have been issued to modify the definition of a change in accounting method so as to include the change in the useful life of an asset. Prior regulations had specifically excluded a change in useful life from change in accounting method treatment. However, the original regulations were written when the depreciable life of an asset was based on the individual taxpayer's use of similar assets. Moreover, taxpayer's frequently changed the depreciable lives of assets when it became apparent that the original estimates were incorrect. As a change in accounting method, the taxpayer would have been required to recomputed depreciation for the life of the asset until the date of the change and make a section 481 adjustment. The regulations obviated the need to change methods; rather the taxpayer could simply change depreciation rates for the remaining useful life of the asset. Under the present modified accelerated cost recovery system uniform lives are assigned to assets, regardless of the taxpayer's particular use and experience. Moreover, in practice assets are frequently misclassified. Thus, the Service has concluded that the misclassification, and other changes in cost recovery periods, generally, are better accomplished through the change in accounting methods procedures. The proposed regulations create the operating rules for the changes. However, unlike other changes in accounting methods, a change from one correct method to another correct method does not give rise to a section 481 adjustment. Finally, the temporary regulations permit transferees to make adjustments for incorrect methods employed by the transferor. The article also discusses some implications of the regulations may have for the general concept of what constitutes a change in accounting method.
Cable-Laying and Intuition

Other versions of the problem have a person walking along the shore and swimming, or rowing a boat, across the river and wanting to minimize the time to get from A to C. All versions lead to the picture in Figure 1. If a <b, it is intuitively clear that the least expensive path is the straight line joining A to C. If a is much greater than b, it is plausible to guess that the least expensive path would be to go from A to B and then from B to C; that is, one would think that
Stadium and Sex Determination of Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly Larvae, Pikonema alaskensis

Head-capsule widths of feeding and prepupal larvae of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer), were measured to determine the number of stadia. It was found that males have 5 stadia, and females have either 5 or 6. Parasitism has no effect on headcapsule width. The sex of prepupal larvae was determined.
The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology

HE reigning ideas of the American Revolution are now being characterized as premodern. This judgment comes at the end of a decade of scholarly probing into the ideological origins of the colonial resistance movement. The origins that Neo-Whig historians Bernard Bailyn, Richard Buel, Jack Greene, and Gordon Wood have discovered are not simple and Lockean, as once believed, but complex and atavistic growing out of the rich English intellectual traditions of the Dissenters, radical Whigs, Classical Republicans, Commonwealthmen, Country party, or more simply, the Opposition.1 Dramatically reorienting the scholarship on the Revolution, Bailyn has reconstructed the interpretive scheme which dominated the colonists' minds, triggered their emotions, and pushed them into resistance.2 The revolutionary force of this scheme lay, in Wood's words, with "its obsession with corruption and disorder, its hostile and conspiratorial outlook, and its millennial vision of a regenerated society."' These, of course, are the qualities that have prompted J. G. A. Pocock to question whether the American Revolution ought not to be considered as "the last great act of the Renaissance" rather than "'the first political act of revolutionary enlightenment. "'4 Originally undertaken as a corrective to the shallow economic determinism of Progressive historiography, the revisionary work of the Neo-Whigs has ended up sapping the foundation of their alma mater, the
Monitoring and Analysis of Iodized Salt Consumption of Residents in Beitun Agricultural Division 10 of Xinjiang in 2008

[Objective]To understand the iodine levels of edible salt in Beitun Agricultural Division 10 of Xinjiang, master the consumption of iodized salt, and dynamically evaluate iodine nutritional status and fluctuation trend of disease of population. [Methods]Iodized salt sampling monitoring was conducted in 9 regiments of Agricultural Division 10, according to direct titrimetric method of GB/T 13025.7-1999. Semi-quantitative detection was adopted to conduct key monitoring on regiment 181, 185 and 186.[Results]The qualified rate of iodized salt, iodized salt coverage and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt among 288 random monitoring samples and 915 key monitoring samples were all 100.00%.[Conclusion]The iodized salt samples are all qualified in Agricultural Division 10, but the consumption of local salt due to economic reason and living habit should be attached importance, and the monitoring levels should be enhanced continuously.
Solar radiation forecast under convex piecewise linear cost functions

The actual cost function for many decision makers (like balancing authorities (BAs) of the power grid) are usually different from the symmetric cost functions that are commonly used to study renewable energy generation forecasts. While the actual cost function may be difficult to obtain, a convex piecewise linear (CPWL) cost function could be used to approximate and model cost in many practical applications. In this paper we consider three ways to deal with solar forecast under a CPWL cost function. In the simplest approach a constant bias is added to the initial point forecast according to the distribution of errors. A more sophisticated indirect method is using a probabilistic forecast which gives the distribution of future outcome rather than a single value in point forecast. The predictive distribution for each point is used to determine the best biased forecast according to the cost function. Finally the cost function is directly considered in the training phase to create a customized forecast method. Our simulations shows that substantial cost saving is possible through both directly biased method and indirectly biased probabilistic forecast.
Technology, Conflict and International Relations

Technological evolution has impacted foreign policy decision-making processes at the micro level by facilitating data gathering and speeding up decision-making processes, thus adding another window on government behavior and international conflict. A technology-driven skill revolution has also contributed to the emergence of new actors (non-governmental organizations and individuals), and technological evolution has reshaped armed conflict and related decision-making processes.
Semi-Iterative Methods

In our previous investigations concerning the acceleration of basic iterative methods, we would, in the final analysis, consider the convergence properties and rates of convergence of an iterative procedure of the form $$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm x}^{\left( {m + 1} \right)} = M{\rm x}^{\left( m \right)} + {\rm g},} \hfill & {m \ge 0,} \hfill \\ \end{array} $$ (5.1) where M is a fixed n × n matrix with ρ(M) < 1, and x(0) is some given vector. Such an iterative procedure converges to the unique solution vector x of $$ \left( {I = M} \right){\rm x} = {\rm g}. $$ (5.2)
Theorizing the Spatial Dimensions and Pedagogical Implications of Transnationalism.

ABSTRACTThe construct of transnationalism has been used to describe and examine how people maintain connections with their homeland while learning about and participating in the practices of the receiving context. This notion has influenced a great deal of research that seeks to capture how transnational connections are created and sustained – and also how participation in an adopted society's practices might coexist with continued engagement with the people and practices in another space. In recent years, social scientists across disciplines are bringing increasingly nuanced perspectives to the study of transnationalism and globalization – for instance by distinguishing the society from the nation-state (Glick Schiller, 2005) and culture from territory (Appadurai, 1996/2003), and by taking into account the dangers of what has been named “methodological nationalism” (Wimmer & Glick Schiller, 2002). Yet, widely circulating discourses of how movement and mobility influence teaching and learning often lack s...
Violence Victimization, Social Support, and Papanicolaou Smear Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.

Abstract Background: African American youth are among those at greatest risk for experiencing violence victimization. Notably, the mortality rate of cervical cancer for African American women is also twice that of white women. To date, we know of no literature using longitudinal data to examine how violence victimization relates to Papanicolaou (Pap) smear results or cervical cancer in this population. Our study examines how violence victimization during adolescence (age 15 to 18) influences psychological distress, perceived social support, heavy substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors during emerging adulthood (age 20 to 23), and subsequent Pap smear outcomes during young adulthood (age 29 to 32). Method: This study is based on 12 waves of data collected in a longitudinal study of 360 African American women from mid-adolescence (ninth grade, mean age = 14.8 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 32.0 years). We used structural equation modeling analysis to examine the hypothesized model. Result: Violen...
Descentralization of the health sector in Latin America

This paper analyzes the Latin American experience of decentralizing health services within the context of health reform. We examine the meaning of the term decentralization and discuss the various modalities of this concept: geographical, institutional and functional. The objectives that, in general, these objectives have not been achieved. After reviewing the literature and drawing on our own fieldwork, we conclude that in many instances the Latin American decentralization programs have produced results opposite to those intended, i.e., these programs have increased inequality and the cost of services and have reduced efficiency and quality of care. We point out that existing information is insufficient to determine with exactitude whether the failure of decentralization is due to the selection of inappropriate policies or to failures in the implementation process. Decentralization is a complex political process, policy makers should decide on the modality of decentralization they wish to implement, estimate the costs, identify the potential obstacles that could surface during the implementation phase and provide solutions. We conclude by suggesting that the multilateral banks have erred by pressing governments to improvise the implementation of decentralization programs without taking into account the different historical, political and socioeconomic contexts.
Impact of vaginal cylinder diameter on outcomes following brachytherapy for early stage endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE To examine the outcomes (tolerability, toxicity, and recurrence) of vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) among endometrial cancer (EC) patients treated with small cylinder size. METHODS Patients with EC who received adjuvant VBT between September 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Patients were fitted with the largest vaginal cylinder they could comfortably accommodate, from 2.0-3.0 cm diameter. Small cylinders were defined as size 2.3 cm or less. Patient, tumor, or treatment characteristics were correlated with need for small cylinders. Treatment tolerability, measures of gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), and vaginal toxicity, and rates of recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS Three hundred four patients were included. Small cylinders were used in 51 patients (17%). Normal body mass index (BMI; p<0.001), nulligravidity (p<0.001), and shorter vaginal length (p<0.001) were associated with small cylinder size. There was no acute or late grade 3 toxicity. Rates of acute (grade 1-2) GI, GU, or vaginal symptoms were low (10%, 11%, and 19%, respectively). Small cylinder size was associated with increased likelihood of reporting acute GI (p<0.05) but not GU or vaginal symptoms. Small cylinder size was associated with higher risk of grade 1-2 vaginal stenosis (odds ratio [OR]=4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5-14.7; p=0.007). There was no association between cylinder size and recurrence rate (p=0.55). CONCLUSION VBT is generally very well tolerated, however, patients fitted with smaller cylinders (commonly nulligravid and low BMI) may have increased side effects. Further study to improve the dosimetry of VBT for patients requiring small cylinders may be worthwhile.
Imposing Risk: A Normative Framework (OUP, 2017) (Introduction)

This is the Introduction to Imposing Risk: A Normative Framework (Oxford University Press, 2017). Human life has always been shadowed by risks like disease and natural disaster, but modern life is distinctively risky. In the first instance, today, risk utterly permeates life. The sheer variety and scope of risks that attend industrialized and industrializing societies are unique to them. Our agrarian and geographically dispersed ancestors did not face the risks that accompany the use of automobiles and high-speed transit, the mass production of goods and widespread use of chemicals, vast construction and public works projects, or the countless other risks to which we are exposed in our everyday lives. In light of the fact that risk is ubiquitous in modern life, it should be no surprise that sociologists have called ours a “risk society,” focused on containing the risks that modernization itself has created. This sociological fact implies a normative one that, in conjunction with the pervasiveness of risk, explains why modern life is distinctively risky: the risks we now face are morally cognizable. For they are, in the main, subject to our control – indeed, they are typically our creation. The risks that define modern life are therefore our responsibility. As they are largely imposed by people on people, they call for moral assessment. This book addresses some of the central questions stimulated by our contemporary practices of imposing risk.
Dalit Christian Reservations: Colonial Moorings of a Live Debate

Since 1950, the Government of India has maintained its policy of denying affirmative-action benefits to Dalit converts to Christianity. Debates about Dalit Christian reservations are most often centered on contemporary political trends. Far less attention is paid to developments during the colonial period, when sharp differences between religious ‘communities’ were formulated as policy. As much as the colonial state attempted to grapple with ethnographic realities on the ground, it ultimately embraced an idealized notion of a ‘casteless Native Christian community’. Against massive data that revealed the persistence of caste among converts, this idea of casteless Christianity was readily appropriated by the postcolonial state, which has been all to eager to use it as the basis for denying affirmative action to Dalit Christians. Dalit Christians seeking a change to this policy must therefore grapple with the past, by refuting assumptions embedded in nineteenth-century missionary rhetoric and state policies.
Vitamin D and Paget’s Disease

Abstract Paget's disease (PD) is characterized by increased focal bone resorption accompanied by exuberant bone formation; with the primary abnormality in osteoclasts (OCLs). Viral and genetic etiologies have been implicated in PD. OCL precursors (OCL-pre) from 70% of PD patients express measles virus nucleocapsid protein gene (MVNP), and 30% of PD patients harbor a mutated gene linked to PD; the most frequent is the p62P392L mutation in sequestosome 1. MVNP in OCL-pre induces high levels of TAF12, a vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) coactivator that enhances VDR-mediated transcription and VDR half-life in the presence of 1,25(OH)D3. This allows OCL formation at physiologic rather than pharmacologic levels of 1,25(OH)D3. In contrast, PD patients harboring p62P392L but whose OCL-pre lack MVNP, only form OCLs at pharmacologic 1,25(OH)D3 levels. However, marrow stromal cells harboring p62P392L express high TAF12 levels and produce increased amounts of RANKL when treated with physiologic levels of 1,25(OH)D3, supporting a major role for 1,25(OH)D3 in PD.
Interpolation and Model Checking

In this chapter we consider applications of logical proofs in model checking. Here we are not concerned with using model checking to verify steps in a larger proof but rather with ways in which logical proof methods can aid model checking, particularly in focusing model-checking methods on relevant facts. We introduce a framework for abstraction refinement based on a concept of deductive generalization. We then show how various abstraction refinement schemes can be understood in this framework in terms of local proofs and Craig interpolation. This unifying view exposes the trade-offs made in different systems between the quality and cost of refinements, and also leads to novel model-checking approaches.
Monitoring human exposure to environmental carcinogens.

One of the long range goal of research in chemical carcinogenesis is the identification of individuals at increased risk of cancer development. Cancer is a multistep, multistage process in which many factors effect ultimate risk. The initiating event in the process of chemical carcinogenesis is the binding of the reactive electrophilic species of the carcinogen to nucleophilic sites in DNA. The extent of this reaction is influenced by a number of factors including metabolism to the active species or less toxic metabolites, detoxification of reactive intermediates and repair of adducts once formed. Thus, individuals with the same exposure may be at very different risk for cancer development because of differences in these processes due to genetic susceptibility. Suggestive evidence for this genetic susceptibility has come from epidemiologic studies demonstrating a higher proportion of individuals with a specific phenotype (e.g. poor metabolizers of debrisoquin or lacking specific glutathione transferase activity) among cancer cases than controls (Ayesh et al. 1984, Seidegard et al. 1986).
Differential Privacy Preserving Spectral Graph Analysis

In this paper, we focus on differential privacy preserving spectral graph analysis. Spectral graph analysis deals with the analysis of the spectra (eigenvalues and eigenvector components) of the graph’s adjacency matrix or its variants. We develop two approaches to computing the e-differential eigen decomposition of the graph’s adjacency matrix. The first approach, denoted as LNPP, is based on the Laplace Mechanism that calibrates Laplace noise on the eigenvalues and every entry of the eigenvectors based on their sensitivities. We derive the global sensitivities of both eigenvalues and eigenvectors based on the matrix perturbation theory. Because the output eigenvectors after perturbation are no longer orthogonormal, we postprocess the output eigenvectors by using the state-of-the-art vector orthogonalization technique. The second approach, denoted as SBMF, is based on the exponential mechanism and the properties of the matrix Bingham-von Mises-Fisher density for network data spectral analysis. We prove that the sampling procedure achieves differential privacy. We conduct empirical evaluation on a real social network data and compare the two approaches in terms of utility preservation (the accuracy of spectra and the accuracy of low rank approximation) under the same differential privacy threshold. Our empirical evaluation results show that LNPP generally incurs smaller utility loss.
Fostering Formal Learning in the Food Dignity Project

First paragraph: This short essay summarizes our formal higher education work in the Food Dignity project, with some initial reflections and questions that this work raised for me, and for many of our collaborators.[1] Food Dignity was a five-year action research collaboration dedicated to building community food systems that provide food security, sustainability, and equity. It was proposed and funded as an integrated program of research, extension, and education, under the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s (USDA NIFA) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) competitive grant program for food security. Five food justice community-based organizations (CBOs) and four institutions of higher education collaborated on this project in California, Wyoming, and New York (see, for example, Porter, 2018, this issue). We had nearly US$5 million over five years, which we extended to seven (2011–2018), to complete our proposed blend of action research. We used about 17–20% of our total effort and budget to invest in higher education programs centered around sustainable food systems (Porter & Wechsler, 2018, this issue). [1] Unless otherwise specified, the “we” in this essay is collaborators in the Food Dignity project and the “I” is myself, the author of the essay and the Food Dignity principal investigator and project director.
Commentary: Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research - Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The use of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has been a subject of debate for the past three decades. Initially the two ma­jor race categories were: White and Black, leaving other minorities uncounted or inap­propriately misclassified. As the science of health disparities evolves, more sophisticat­ed and detailed information has been add­ed to large databases. Despite the addition of new racial classifications, including multi-racial denominations, the quality of the data is limited to the data collection process and other social misconceptions. Although race is viewed as an imposed or ascribed status, ethnicity is an achieved status, making it a more challenging variable to include in biomedical research. Ambiguity between race and ethnicity often exists, ultimately affecting the value of both variables. To bet­ter understand specific health outcomes or disparities of groups, it is necessary to col­lect subgroup-specific data. Cultural percep­tions and practices, health experiences, and susceptibility to disease vary greatly among broad racial-ethnic groups and requires the collection of nuanced data to understand. Here, we provide an overview of the clas­sification of race and ethnicity in the United States over time, the existing challenges in using race and ethnicity in biomedical re­search and future research directions. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):561-564; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.561.
Geometry in the walnut grove: an applied mathematical approach to art

A land art project exploring the landscape and geometry of a beautiful grove of walnut trees gives a setting to consider a perceptualist framework for creativity, bringing in mathematical abstracti...
Mindfulness and stress appraisals mediate the effect of neuroticism on physical health

Abstract Neuroticism has several deleterious effects on physical health; the current research examines mindfulness as a potential mechanism of these effects. In two studies, mindfulness was a partial and significant mediator of the relation between neuroticism and physical health (operationalized as physical symptoms). Health was measured both retrospectively (Study 1) and using daily diary and longitudinal methodologies (Study 2). Those higher in neuroticism (i.e., emotional volatility) reported more physical issues, and lower levels of mindfulness (i.e., non-evaluative awareness of the present moment). In addition, the negative relation between mindfulness and physical problems was partially mediated by stress appraisals; those low in mindfulness were more likely to view typical daily events as stressful, which was then associated with higher levels of reported symptoms.
A phenomenological case study of teacher candidate experiences during a yearlong teacher residency program

This phenomenological case study investigated teacher candidates’ experiences in a yearlong undergraduate teacher residency program to identify candidate conceptualizations of the effective design ...
Normative ocular data for juvenile and adult Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

Objective To obtain normative ocular data for Japanese quail as they mature from juveniles to adults. Animals studied Twenty-six captive Japanese quail comprising thirteen males and thirteen females, free of ocular disease, were included in the study. Procedures Ophthalmic reference values were measured in both eyes at 1 and 5 months of age. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including neuro-ophthalmic reflexes, slit lamp biomicroscopy, phenol red thread test (PRTT), rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, horizontal corneal diameter measurement, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ocular ultrasound biometry. Ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of axial globe length, lens thickness, vitreal chamber length, and pecten length were recorded. The depth of the anterior chamber was calculated by subtracting the lens thickness and vitreous length from the axial globe length. Measures of association and descriptive statistics were analyzed using STATA-14 and STATA-15. Results Juvenile and adult females were heavier than age-matched males. Weight, intraocular pressure, horizontal corneal diameter, axial globe length, and lens thickness measurements increased with age. No statistically significant differences were found in the remainder of measurements among individuals in different sex or age-groups. Conclusions This work provides reference values and clinical findings that can be used in future research on quail and ocular disease.
Academic health sciences libraries and affiliated hospitals: a conversation about licensing electronic resources.

Objective: Libraries in academic health centers may license electronic resources for their affiliated hospitals, as well as for their academic institutions. This study examined the current practices of member libraries of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) that provide affiliated hospitals with access to electronic information resources and described the challenges that the libraries experienced in providing access to the affiliated hospitals. Methods: In September 2016, AAHSL library directors received an email with a link to an online survey. Results: By December 2016, representatives from 60 AAHSL libraries responded. Two-thirds of the responding libraries supplied online information resources to more than 1 hospital, and 75% of these libraries provided the hospitals with access both on site and remotely. Most (69%) libraries licensed the same resource for both the academic institution and the hospitals. Cost, license negotiation, and communication with hospital stakeholders were commonly reported challenges. Conclusion: Academic health sciences libraries with affiliated hospitals continue to grapple with licensing and cost issues. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program .
Comparison of Support Vector and Non-Linear Regression Models for Estimating Large-Scale Vehicular Emissions, Incorporating Network-Wide Fundamental Diagram for Heterogeneous Vehicles:

Estimation of vehicular emissions at network level is a prominent issue in transportation planning and management of urban areas. For large networks, macroscopic emission models are preferred becau...
Identity shift effects of personalization of self-presentation on extraversion

Research has noted an individual’s deliberate mediated self-presentation can transform subsequent self-perceptions, a process known as identity shift. Guided by the masspersonal communication model...
Racial disparities in definitive treatment and long-term mortality among US veterans with high-risk localized prostate cancer.

e19037Background: Equal access to care may mediate racial disparities among men with localized prostate cancer. We examined the association between African-American race and long-term mortality amo...
Consequences of Parental Opioid Exposure on Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Health in the Next Generations

Substance abuse and the ongoing opioid epidemic represents a large societal burden. This review will consider the long-term impact of opioid exposure on future generations. Prenatal, perinatal, and preconception exposure are reviewed with discussion of both maternal and paternal influences. Opioid exposure can have long-lasting effects on reproductive function, gametogenesis, and germline epigenetic programming, which can influence embryogenesis and alter the developmental trajectory of progeny. The potential mechanisms by which preconception maternal and paternal opioid exposure produce deleterious consequences on the health, behavior, and physiology of offspring that have been identified by clinical and animal studies will be discussed. The timing, nature, dosing, and duration of prenatal opioid exposure combined with other important environmental considerations influence the extent to which these manipulations affect parents and their progeny. Epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of environmental insults across generations via mechanisms independent of the DNA sequence. This topic will be further explored in the context of prenatal, perinatal, and preconception opioid exposure for both the maternal and paternal lineage.
Robotic Lymph Node Resection Off the Aortic Bifurcation for Presumed Recurrence Management of Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Study Objective To demonstrate a surgical video where-in lymph node resection was performed robotically in a patient with presumed ovarian cancer recurrence. Design Case report and a step-by-step video demonstration of robotic lymph node resection off of the aortic bifurcation (Canadian Task Force classification III). Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients or Participants 42-year-old female with stage IIIA1 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Interventions 42-year-old female was diagnosed with stage IIIA1 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma in 2018 when she underwent upfront optimal cytoreductive surgery, inclusive of extensive debulking of aortocaval lymphadenopathy. The patient remained disease free until February 2020, when surveillance imaging showed a single hypermetabolic lymph node, anterior to the left common iliac artery. She was taken to the operating room for robotic debulking. Robotic trocars were placed on a horizontal line along the umbilical fold. Exploration of the peritoneal cavity revealed no evidence of disease. There was some adhesive disease over right pelvic sidewall and distal small bowel mesentery was overlying the aortic bifurcation. These adhesions were taken down by paying meticulous attention in order not to injure the small bowel mesentery. The retroperitoneum was explored to the level of the third part of the duodenum. Aortocaval lymph node basins were explored. The IMA was skeletonized and left ureterolysis was performed; allowing safe access to the left para-aortic as well as to the presacral area. The suspicious lymph nodes, including the one which correlated with the hypermetabolic left common iliac lymph node were resected without any complications. Measurements and Main Results Successful robotic secondary debulking was performed. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 0. Pathology of the suspicious lymph nodes were negative for malignancy. Therefore, the patient was deemed free of disease and has been scheduled for surveillance imaging in three months. Conclusion Robotic secondary debulking of presumed ovarian cancer recurrence is feasible and should be considered in selected patients.
Decolonizing the Academic Library’s Juvenile Collection

Academic libraries serving education students have an obligation to provide exceptional offerings of current, decolonized, diverse, and inclusive children’s literature, while also providing example...
Abstract 2590: Genomic analysis points to fibrosis and changes in fat metabolism in oral cancer progression

Head and neck cancer long term survival has only experienced marginal gains over the past 3 decades. Further, there is inadequate understanding of the biology of carcinogenesis and recurrence, as well as its relation to the microenvironment. Deeper understanding of these areas would provide improved molecular target identification. In pursuit of this goal, a small clinical trial collected lesion and adjacent normal-appearing mucosa for subsequent RNA-seq analysis. Patients were grouped by post-surgical pathology as either precancer (hyperplasia - severe dysplasia) or cancer (carcinoma in situ - early stage invasive cancer). Following identification of differentially expressed (DE) genes, DE genesets were submitted for Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Hierarchical clustering illustrates distinct separation between lesion and perilesional normal mucosa of the top 100 DE genes. Among the top 25 dysregulated pathways, 50% were associated with creation of fibrotic tumor microenvironment (TME), 20% were related to changes in immune populations inhabiting the TME and 10% devoted to metabolism changes. Subgroup analysis, (precancer vs. cancer), revealed dysregulation of metabolism (~50%) predominating in precancer. Metabolism remained an important dysregulation at 30% of the top 25 pathways in cancer. Protein network analysis, (Metascape on-line tool), confirmed IPA results, illustrating an extensive, previously undescribed, interconnectedness of fibrosis with shifts in fatty acid metabolism from oxidative to gluconeogenesis, providing a foundation for choosing targets amenable to cancer prevention. Several notable pathways are likely contributed to by inflammatory and other cells in the milieu, not precancer cells themselves. So, we dove deeper, using EpIC (Epitope Immunogenicity Characterization) algorithm to assess relative percentages of non-tumor cells based on 20-count gene signatures. Gene expression favored a profile of significantly increasing cancer-associated fibroblasts, decreasing CD-8 killer T cells, and increasing vascular endothelial cells during progression, with macrophage content slightly increasing in cancer specimens. These findings suggest interaction between immunoinflammatory milieu and precancerous cells promoting malignancy. Several high yield target pathways are related to published mechanisms of action for drugs of high interest to our cancer prevention program (pioglitazone/metformin). Further, we confirmed protein network analysis in an additional oral carcinoma dataset from Conway et. al, (Oncotarget 2015). Citation Format: Gretchen M. Unger, Beverly R. Wuertz, Charles L. Pruett, Matthew Watkins, Patrick M. Gaffney, Frank G. Ondrey. Genomic analysis points to fibrosis and changes in fat metabolism in oral cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2590.
Nanoscale characteristics of conditioning film development on photobioreactor materials: influence on the initial adhesion and biofilm formation by a cyanobacterium.

Adsorption of conditioning films on a solid surface is the first step in the development of biofilms. With the goal of understanding the preliminary adhesion mechanisms of cyanobacteria on photobio...
Chromatin Remodelers Interact with Eya1 and Six2 to Target Enhancers to Control Nephron Progenitor Cell Maintenance.

Background Eya1 is a critical regulator of nephron progenitor cell specification and interacts with Six2 to promote NPC self-renewal. Haploinsufficiency of these genes causes kidney hypoplasia. However, how the Eya1-centered network operates remains unknown. Methods We engineered a 2×HA-3×Flag-Eya1 knock-in mouse line and performed coimmunoprecipitation with anti-HA or -Flag to precipitate the multitagged-Eya1 and its associated proteins. Loss-of-function, transcriptome profiling, and genome-wide binding analyses for Eya1's interacting chromatin-remodeling ATPase Brg1 were carried out. We assayed the activity of the cis-regulatory elements co-occupied by Brg1/Six2 in vivo. Results Eya1 and Six2 interact with the Brg1-based SWI/SNF complex during kidney development. Knockout of Brg1 results in failure of metanephric mesenchyme formation and depletion of nephron progenitors, which has been linked to loss of Eya1 expression. Transcriptional profiling shows conspicuous downregulation of important regulators for nephrogenesis in Brg1-deficient cells, including Lin28, Pbx1, and Dchs1-Fat4 signaling, but upregulation of podocyte lineage, oncogenic, and cell death-inducing genes, many of which Brg1 targets. Genome-wide binding analysis identifies Brg1 occupancy to a distal enhancer of Eya1 that drives nephron progenitor-specific expression. We demonstrate that Brg1 enrichment to two distal intronic enhancers of Pbx1 and a proximal promoter region of Mycn requires Six2 activity and that these Brg1/Six2-bound enhancers govern nephron progenitor-specific expression in response to Six2 activity. Conclusions Our results reveal an essential role for Brg1, its downstream pathways, and its interaction with Eya1-Six2 in mediating the fine balance among the self-renewal, differentiation, and survival of nephron progenitors.
Reciprocal Regulation of Abl kinase by CrkII Y251 and Abi1 Controls Cell Motility and Invasion in Glioblastoma

The Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing adaptor protein, Crk II, positively regulates cell motility and in certain tumor types such as Glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) can...
Exchange rate volatility and optimal central bank intervention

This research re-examines the desirability of central bank interventions in foreign exchange to reduce spot exchange rate volatility. A small open-economy macroeconomic model is developed to incorporate both macroeconomic fundamentals and micro-structural features of foreign exchange markets. The research derives the optimal central bank intervention based on the fundamental exchange rate, the target exchange rate and the last-period exchange rate. Numerical simulations suggest that central bank interventions tend to dampen spot exchange rate volatility, regardless of the source of disturbances. However, in most cases, central bank interventions only have rather modest effects. Further, the desirability of central bank intervention is generally insensitive to the degrees of price flexibility, capital mobility, speculation, and central bank’s commitment to its target exchange rate.
Monetary Policy and Banks’ Loan Supply Rules to Harness Asset Bubbles and Crashes

By constructing an artificial micro economy including a central bank and a commercial bank, this paper attempts to examine strict decision-making in loan supply and bad loan management by private banks as well as the degree of monetary intervention by the central bank, and how this affects the emergence and collapse of asset bubbles. The virtual experiment demonstrates that the intervention is unnecessary if the commercial bank manage credit creation and nonperforming loans in a self-controlling way. Otherwise, the intervention is both welcoming and effective.
Growth Regulators, Plant

The arrival of new plant growth regulators on the market in the early 1990s, especially synthetic ones, is in a static state. Many growth regulators continue to be used experimentally, but the transition to approved usage is being delayed for several reasons. On the financial side, a number of mergers, buy-outs, and other dispositions of chemical companies has led to a decrease in the number of commercial compounds available. Moreover, the cost of registration has prompted some producers to withdraw chemicals from the market. Some older plant growth regulators have undergone several trade name changes, adding confusion to the field. The ideal plant growth regulator should leave no harmful persistent residue in a finished product or crop and the paradigm compounds are ones that have high specific activity, are target specific, and are environmentally biodegradable. The most acceptable growth regulators appear to be those compounds that already occur in nature and elicit certain desirable responses in economic crops. Keywords: Natural products; Growth regulators; Brassinosteroids; Cytokinens; n-Decanol; Gbberllins; Ethylene; Dikegulac; Lactic acid; Natural products; derivatives; Synthetic products; Experimental products
Observation of low energy protons in the geomagnetic tail at lunar distances

Three suprathermal ion detectors stationed on the moon were used to detect a region of plasma flowing antisunward along the ordered field lines of the geomagnetic tail, exterior to the plasma sheet. The particle flow displays an integral flux, a bulk velocity, temperatures, and number densities uniquely different from the other particle regimes traversed by the moon. No consistent deviation in the field was found to correspond with the occurrence of the events, which have an angular distribution extending between 50 and 100 deg and a spatial distribution over a wide region in both the Y sub sm and Z sub sm directions. The duration of observable particles varies widely between tail passages, with an apparent correlation between the number of hours of observation and the Kp index averages over these times. It is proposed that these particles may have entered through the cusp region.
Understanding Cultural Identity in Intervention and Assessment

Mental Health Services and Multicultural Populations Why Is It So Difficult To Provide Quality Mental Health Care for Multicultural Populations? Quality Care for Multicultural Populations Identities of Clients and Providers African Americans American Indians/Alaska Natives Asians and Asian Americans Hispanic Americans/Latinos Epilogue
The Origins and Nature of Terrorism: Foundations and Issues

Summary Terrorism has been present for centuries in a myriad of forms and locations. However, the events of September 11, 2001 gave terrorism a new meaning in the United States and many other nations. Following a brief historical review of terrorism, we examine the background of Al Qaeda. We then look at definitions of terrorism and review factors that contribute to its development. In the conclusion, we note the challenge that faces the world in combating terrorism, not only with military means, but also by acknowledging and treating its diverse origins, expressions, and consequences.
Oil and the House of Saud: Analysis of Saudi Arabian Oil Policy

This article analyzes the process of how the Government of Saudi Arabia determines oil policy. It focuses on oil production because it accepts that the Saudis are “price takers” rather than “price setters.” It applies economic and political explanations as determinants of how much oil is produced. Two periods of Saudi oil policy are compared—1987–1991 and 1997–2001—using open-source data from various newspapers and newsletters. The article concludes that oil production in Saudi Arabia is, in large measure, a function of Saudi Arabian estimates of how its oil reserves may provide long-term revenue and political stability at the risk of short-term economic gains.