cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mandatory or Not Mandatory - Is that the Difference? The Nature of Overtime Work by Characteristics of Workers, Jobs and Employers

Analysis of the 2002 General Social Survey (GSS) Quality of Work Life Module finds that 21 percent of full-time employees worked extra hours because it was mandatory and 28 percent face required overtime work as a working condition- a slight increase since 1977. Logistic regressions find that the likelihood of working mandatory overtime, relative to working overtime that is non-mandatory or working no overtime at all, is enhanced by having certain demographic, job and workplace characteristics. This includes being male, foreign-born and full-time, employed in nonprofits and certain industries and occupational classifications. It is further enhanced by several workplace and job characteristics. This includes having more inflexible work schedules, seniority, difficulty finding alternative jobs, bonus compensation structures, a poor relationship with and low trust of management. Some characteristics of workers and workplaces increase the likelihood of working overtime that is non-mandatory. These include being single, satisfied with one's job, a union member, employed in public sector and standard (rather than contingent) jobs and having say in one's job. Potential implications are discussed for organizations, labor relations and employment law as well as for expected occupational health and safety outcomes measured in the GSS.
Further analysis of the variables

In Chapter 7, the five phonological variables were correlated with the socioeconomic index developed by Mobilization for Youth (MFY) to analyze the social structure of the Lower East Side. All five of the variables entered into regular structures, or near-regular structures. Not all of the variables participated in identical structures, and we found that the most clear-cut stratification was obtained in each case by using slightly different cutting points. The variable (r) showed the finest stratification; (th) and (dh) showed the sharpest differentiation of the class scale into two distinct halves; (aeh) showed only slight class differentiation with considerable internal fluctuation; (oh) followed a curvilinear distribution, with the two center classes at the peak. We also found that patterns of stylistic and class differentiation divided the variables into two types: (th) and (dh), in which the relations of the classes in all styles were relatively constant; and (r), (aeh), and (oh), in which the lower middle class showed an abrupt crossing of the upper middle class line in the more formal styles. The behavior of (aeh) and (oh) was very similar, except for the fact that the lower class does not share in the (oh) structure of stylistic and social variation. This view of linguistic differentiation seems satisfactory, not only because a difference has been found in the linguistic behavior of various classes, but because the evidence is consistent with our knowledge of the linguistic history of the city, based on the writings of Babbitt, Thomas, Frank, and Hubbell. The suggestions of linguistic change afforded by the evidence of Chapter 7 will be spelled out in detail in Chapter 9.
Proline-rich-protein promoters direct LacZ expression to the granular convoluted tubular cells of the submandibular gland in adult transgenic mice

The ability of two mouse PRP gene promoters to direct the expression of the bacterial lacZ reporter gene was tested in transgenic mice. Transgenes A1-lacZ and C1-lacZ consisted of 8.2 kb A1 and 7.8 kb C1 PRP promoters respectively fused to the lacZ coding sequence. A1 and C1 are two A-type PRP genes isolated from the inbred SWR mice, which show the same gene structure and similar sequence to the closely related MP2 and M14 PRP genes previously cloned from outbred CD-1 mice. We here show that both A1-lacZ and C1-lacZ transgenes have very similar expression patterns: (1) they expressed the lacZ gene in all 14 established transgenic lines under normal (non-stimulated) conditions; (2) the expression was restricted to the granular convoluted tubular cells of the submandibular glands; (3) the expression was developmentally regulated beginning at sexual maturation and lasting to at least 1.5 years of age; and (4) expression in some lines was probably influenced by sex hormones, since higher expression was found in males than in females. A1-lacZ and C1- lacZ are the first transgenes derived from the PRP/GRP (glutamine/glutamic acid-rich protein) gene superfamily to be expressed in the granular convoluted tubular cells (with known endocrine functions), rather than in the acinar cells (with mainly exocrine functions) of the submandibular glands
Measuring financial toxicity as a clinically relevant patient‐reported outcome: The validation of the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST)

BACKGROUND Cancer and its treatment lead to increased financial distress for patients. To the authors’ knowledge, to date, no standardized patient-reported outcome measure has been validated to assess this distress. METHODS Patients with AJCC Stage IV solid tumors receiving chemotherapy for at least 2 months were recruited. Financial toxicity was measured by the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) measure. The authors collected data regarding patient characteristics, clinical trial participation, health care use, willingness to discuss costs, psychological distress (Brief Profile of Mood States [POMS]), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: General (FACT-G) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaires. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the COST measure were assessed using standard-scale construction techniques. Associations between the resulting factors and other variables were assessed using multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 375 patients with advanced cancer were approached, 233 of whom (62.1%) agreed to participate. The COST measure demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Factor analyses revealed a coherent, single, latent variable (financial toxicity). COST values were found to be correlated with income (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.28; P<.001), psychosocial distress (r = -0.26; P<.001), and HRQOL, as measured by the FACT-G (r = 0.42; P<.001) and by the EORTC QOL instruments (r = 0.33; P<.001). Independent factors found to be associated with financial toxicity were race (P = .04), employment status (P<.001), income (P = .003), number of inpatient admissions (P = .01), and psychological distress (P = .003). Willingness to discuss costs was not found to be associated with the degree of financial distress (P = .49). CONCLUSIONS The COST measure demonstrated reliability and validity in measuring financial toxicity. Its correlation with HRQOL indicates that financial toxicity is a clinically relevant patient-centered outcome. Cancer 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Robinson-Foulds Median Trees: A Clique-based Heuristic

Inferring large-scale phylogenetic trees is a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. The Robinson-Foulds median tree problem is a powerful tool to infer such trees. This problem seeks a median tree for a given collection of trees under the well-established Robinson-Foulds distance. While this problem is NP-hard, it has been addressed by standard local search heuristics. Here, we are describing a fundamentally different heuristic that is based on a novel clique-based formulation of the Robinson-Foulds median tree problem that we introduce. Using large-scale empirical and simulated data sets, we demonstrate that the clique-based heuristic significantly improves on the best Robinson-Foulds median tree estimates computed by standard Robinson-Foulds heuristics, when initialized with these trees. Finally, we show that the clique-based heuristic equivalently relates to standard local searches for Robinson-Foulds median trees through a novel tree-edit operation.
Integrating Supportive Care Principles Into Dialysis Decision Making: A Primer for Palliative Medicine Providers

Despite advances in predialysis care and dialysis technology, patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease continue to experience multiple comorbidities, a high symptom burden, a shortened life expectancy, and substantial physical, emotional, and spiritual suffering. Patients with acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease, especially if they are older, often undergo prolonged hospitalizations, greater use of intensive medical treatment, and limited survival. Unfortunately, most nephrologists are not trained to conduct shared decision-making conversations to elicit patients' values, preferences, and goals for treatment and address their patients' multifactorial suffering. These patients would benefit from the integration of supportive care principles into their care. This article addresses how supportive care specialists can collaborate with nephrology clinicians to provide patient-centered supportive care and identifies resources to assist them in this endeavor.
Sustaining and improving an international service-learning partnership: Evaluation of an evidence-based service delivery model.

ABSTRACTBackground: International service learning (ISL) is an instructional method used by physical therapist educators in the United States (US) to prepare students for rendering culturally competent care. ISL is a faculty led student learning opportunity that includes academic instruction and community service in an international context. Research exists that explores student experiences with ISL, but studies that evaluate ISL partnerships and include global stakeholder feedback are lacking. The purposes of this study were to: 1) integrate a partnership evaluation component into an existing curriculum-based ISL model and 2) through evaluation identify benefits, drawbacks, and suggestions for improving and sustaining the academic–community partnership. Methods: Community-based participatory research design using a mixed methods approach was used to evaluate a ISL partnership between a US-based physical therapy program and a service site in Ecuador. Participants were 31 staff working at the global servic...
On Measures of Message Elaboration in Narrative Communication

This study assesses and compares two forms of measurement instrument for message elaboration in narrative communication research: self-report vs. thought-listing. The validity of the two forms was investigated in a nomological network consisting of need for cognition, message sensation value, identification, transportation, parasocial interaction, risk perception, and behavioral intention. Reliability was also examined. Results showed that the self-report form might be better when the focus was on entertainment-related information, while the thought-listing form might be more advantageous for persuasive information. Implications for narrative communication and future research were discussed.
"By any media necessary: The new youth activism," by Henry Jenkins et al.

Review of Henry Jenkins, Sangita Shresthova, Liana Gamber-Thompson, Neta Kligler-Vilenchik, and Arely Zimmerman. By Any Media Necessary: The New Youth Activism. New York: NYU Press, 2016, hardcover, $29.95 (352p) ISBN 9781479899982; e-book $19.86 (58780 KB), ASIN B0171WAJAA. Full text available online: http://connectedyouth.nyupress.org/.
Stress Intensity Factors for Radial Cracks in Bimaterial Media

The plane elasticity problem of two bonded fractured semi-infinite planes of different materials is considered. The problem is treated as a mixed boundary value problem of linear elasticity. The lines, on which the arrays of cracks are situated, being chosen to be concurrent with the interface, the Mellin transform is used in conjunction with the Green’s function technique to obtain the integral equations of the problem. These equations, which are singular integral equations of the first kind with Cauchy type singularities, are solved numerically by an effective procedure depending on the properties of the Chebyshev polynomials.
Who Tries (and Who Succeeds) in Staying at the Forefront of Science: Evidence from the DNA-Editing Technology, CRISPR

The ability to edit genes with CRISPR has, in a few short years, been transformative to genetics, generating follow-on science such as drought-resistant crops and mosquitos that cannot carry malaria, and is widely expected to win a Nobel prize. The rush of scientists to embrace CRISPR in its early days provides an important and data-rich environment in which to study how tacit information is codified and transferred for others to build upon. In particular, the introduction of CRISPR allows us to explore whether embedding the associated knowledge into an easy-to-distribute tool (a plasmid) and making it available through a biological resource center (Addgene) solves the "tacit information" problem and the physical localization that accompanies it. We show that codification into a scientific tool does solve the problem of access; scientists of equivalent caliber experiment with CRISPR in equal measure regardless of where in the U.S. they are. However, scientists across different geographies have unequal success in converting that experimentation into published science, suggesting that some tacit information problems persist. The remaining tacit information seems to be driven by expertise, with geographies specialized in mammalian CRISPR helping to create publishable science on mammals and geographies specialized in bacterial CRISPR helping to create publishable science on bacteria. Collectively, our case study of the earliest days of CRISPR speaks to the tacit information challenges that are, and are not, solved by distributing embedded materials.
Tu1641 - Lower Socioeconomic Status is Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression Among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results from a Multicenter Cohort

Background/Aims: Anxiety and depression are common comorbid psychiatric disorders in IBS patients, but the population-level determinants influencing these comorbidities in IBS patients are poorly u...
Secrets in fingerprints: clinical ambitions and uncertainty in dermatoglyphics.

We usually think of fingerprints as being physical markers that can establish the identity of individuals in criminal investigation or other areas of biometric identification. However, throughout the last century, scientific researchers and clinicians have analyzed the patterning found on
Learning the Task Management Space of an Aircraft Approach Model

Validating models of airspace operations is a particular challenge. These models are often aimed at finding and exploring safety violations, and aim to be accurate representations of real-world behavior. However, the rules governing the behavior are quite complex: nonlinear physics, operational modes, human behavior, and stochastic environmental concerns all determine the responses of the system. In this paper, we present a study on aircraft runway approaches as modeled in Georgia Tech's Work Models that Compute (WMC) simulation. We use a new learner, Genetic-Active Learning for Search-Based Software Engineering (GALE) to discover the Pareto frontiers defined by cognitive structures. These cognitive structures organize the prioritization and assignment of tasks of each pilot during approaches. We discuss the benefits of our approach, and also discuss future work necessary to enable uncertainty quantification.
Crystal field levels and magnetic anisotropy in the kagome compounds Nd 3 Sb 3 Mg 2 O 14 , Nd 3 Sb 3 Zn 2 O 14 , and Pr 3 Sb 3 Mg 2 O 14

We report the crystal field levels of several newly discovered rare-earth kagome compounds: ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$, ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$, and ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$. We determine the crystal electric field (CEF) Hamiltonian by fitting to neutron scattering data using a point charge Hamiltonian as an intermediate fitting step. The fitted Hamiltonians accurately reproduce bulk susceptibility measurements, and the results indicate easy-axis ground-state doublets for ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$ and a singlet ground state for ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$. These results provide the groundwork for future investigations of these compounds and a template for CEF analysis of other low-symmetry materials.
Contemplating Co-Occurring Cultures: A Grounded Theory Study of Sexual Decision Making Among Hispanic Men Who Have Sex With Men

Introduction HIV infection continues to be a serious health concern globally. Of the 1.2 million people with HIV infection in the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 57% of cases. Hispanic/Latino individuals accounted for 24% of new HIV diagnoses, with male-to-male sexual contact responsible for the majority of cases. A factor in HIV prevention is the sexual decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to describe the process by which sexual decision making occurs among Hispanic MSM. Method Utilizing a grounded theory approach, 19 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted from participants ages 25 to 65 years living in South Florida. After consent, participants completed an in-depth interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed to identify categories and subcategories. Findings A theory grounded in the data called Contemplating Co-Occurring Cultures (Hispanic, gay, and health cultures) emerged that described the central phenomenon. These co-occurring cultures were the foundation of sexual decision making among participants. Conclusion Clinicians providing care to this population should be aware of the complexity of the sexual decision-making process. Awareness of these factors may provide the opportunity for HIV risk reduction strategies developed specifically for Hispanic MSM.
Can I Have Your Recipe? Using a Fidelity of Implementation (FOI) Framework to Identify the Key Ingredients of Formative Assessment for Learning.

A fidelity of implementation (FOI) framework is used to examine the critical components of formative assessment as a high-impact instructional practice. This essay is intended to be the first step ...
Kurma: secure geo-distributed multi-cloud storage gateways

Cloud storage is highly available, scalable, and cost-efficient. Yet, many cannot store data in cloud due to security concerns and legacy infrastructure such as network-attached storage (NAS). We describe Kurma, a cloud storage gateway system that allows NAS-based programs to seamlessly and securely access cloud storage. To share files among distant clients, Kurma maintains a unified file-system namespace by replicating metadata across geo-distributed gateways. Kurma stores only encrypted data blocks in clouds, keeps file-system and security metadata on-premises, and can verify data integrity and freshness without any trusted third party. Kurma uses multiple clouds to prevent cloud outage and vendor lock-in. Kurma's performance is 52--91% that of a local NFS server while providing geo-replication, confidentiality, integrity, and high availability.
Bilateral Isolated Fractures of the Sustentaculum Tali: A Case Report

Case This article presents a case of bilateral isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali. Subtle radiographic findings of sustentaculum fractures on routine foot and ankle series are often difficult to detect, which can result in a delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis and timely operative management allowed for a good short-term outcome. Conclusions We emphasize the importance of a thorough physical examination in all high-energy trauma patients and an awareness of less common injury patterns that are subtle on radiographs and may require further workup. When clinical suspicion exists, we recommend the use of computed tomography scans for evaluation.
Hard x-ray nanoprobe: a scanning hard x-ray microscopy beamline offering multi-modal imaging capabilities at 10 nm

Scanning hard x-ray microscopy is a versatile imaging tool that offers a suite of analytic x-ray techniques for studying spatially-resolved elemental, structural and chemical variations. Recent advances in nano-focusing optics and instrumentation have pushed the frontier of the field into multi-modal imaging in 3D and with nanoscale resolution. Here we present current imaging capabilities provided by the hard x-ray nanoprobe of the National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory. A variety of imaging modalities (absorption, phase, fluorescence and diffraction) will be discussed, as well as the data analysis challenges associated with them. We show that x-ray imaging at about 10 nm resolution has become routine measurements at the beamline, and has been used for a wide spectrum of scientific applications.
Unilateral Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Craniofacial Scleroderma: Parry-Romberg Syndrome and En Coup de Sabre.

Objective:Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS) are subtypes of craniofacial localized scleroderma. Systematic analyses of central nervous system imaging findings and their clini...
In-House Counsel Beware!

This Article argues that the prosecution of Lauren Stevens for covering up the alleged crimes of GSK was misguided both as a matter of law and a matter of policy. In particular, this Article contends that the government should not prosecute attorneys for obstruction of justice or other cover-up crimes for actions taken in good faith during a government investigation into a client's conduct. Part I provides background on the Lauren Stevens case and the convergence of the four prosecution trends that led the government to indict her. Part II argues that Lauren Stevens did not obstruct the government's investigation of GSK. Accordingly, the government should not have sought attorney-client privileged documents by invoking the crime-fraud exception or charged Stevens because the evidence did not support the charges. Part III argues that the government should not charge in-house counsel or outside counsel for obstruction of justice when the attorney's actions were taken in good faith during the representation of the client. It proposes that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) provide guidance to U.S. Attorneys on bringing charges against defense counsel. In addition, it recommends that the DOJ institute a rule requiring approval before instituting charges against defense counsel for actions taken during the course of the investigation. This Article concludes that the good faith standard, guidance to prosecutors, and an approval mechanism are necessary actions to rein in government investigations.
Regional Banking Market Structure and Emergency Loans to Small Businesses: Examining the Paycheck Protection Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic

I examine the effects of banking market structure on small business emergency lending to respond to an economic crisis. In particular, I focus on the role of banking market concentration and the presence of community banks in contributing to the number of loans made to small businesses through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) during the COVID-19-induced economic shock. Existing theories expect that small business credit access is reduced by higher banking market concentration and increased by community banks. I also explore how these two market characteristics interplay in regional small business credit markets. Using the U.S. county-level data, I find that greater banking market concentration reduces the number of PPP loans per business, but the negative effect is diminished by a greater presence of community banks. Furthermore, the greater presence of community banks increases the number of PPP loans but only in a highly concentrated credit market.
Urinary Tract Infections

Infection of the urinary tract (UTIs) represents one of the most commonly encountered disease processes in medicine. The spectrum of the illness severity is as wide as that of the patient population affected. In the US alone, urinary tract infections account for over seven million physician visits and require over 100,000 hospitalizations annually [1]. The financial burden of this is over 2 billion dollars per year, 500 million dollars of which is required to contend with nosocomial infections [1]. Of hospitalized patients, 3% develop an infection of the urinary tract, representing 40% of the 2 million nosocomial infections in the US annually [2]. Eighty percent of these infections occur in the setting of an indwelling urethral catheter, and in intensive care units (ICUs) up to 95% may be due to urinary catheterization [3, 4, 5]. Device-related infection rates (number of catheter-related UTIs per 1,000 catheter days) range from 9% to 18% in various ICUs worldwide [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Although the incidence of UTIs in the critically ill has been shown to vary based on the type of ICU, the impact in every unit is significant [6].
Nursing care for pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional survey of perceptions and strategies.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to describe nursing staff perspectives about caring for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the hospital, strategies they use to support care, and relationships between these factors. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design with nursing staff at a large pediatric hospital system in the United States was employed. The researcher-designed, pilot-tested survey assessed participant demographics, knowledge about ASD, perceived effectiveness caring for children with ASD, previous training, and current strategy use. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlations, and group comparisons based on interaction frequency with the population and previous training. RESULTS The participants involved 90 pediatric hospital nursing staff members providing direct care. Respondents demonstrated 90% accurate knowledge of the characteristics of ASD. Self-reported effectiveness in caring for children with ASD did not correlate with knowledge and significantly correlated with an increased number of strategies. Nursing staff with frequent interaction with people with ASD or those with previous training reported significantly more strategies to care for children with ASD. Only 35% of participants reported that they have adequate strategies to care for children with ASD in the hospital. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Having more strategies was the factor associated with higher self-efficacy, so training for nursing staff should focus on increasing the number of strategies to use with children with ASD in the hospital and provide mechanisms to collaborate with other professionals to individualize strategies to meet each child's needs.
Invited Commentary: Reckoning With Our Biases in Epidemiology.

Biases and in-group preferences limit opportunities for persons of all identities to flourish in science. Decisions made by leading professional meetings about which presentations to feature prominently, and by academic journals about which articles to publish, reinforce these biases. The paper by Nobles and colleagues (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX)), shows that women are less likely to be selected to be symposium presenters in the field's pre-eminent scientific meeting than men. The scientific and moral arguments for promoting diversity of engagement by persons of all identities in the field are abundantly clear, calling for efforts to mitigate the effect of these in-group biases. I offer three suggestions about how we can go about achieving better diversity in our field. 1. Increasing our discussions of the importance of diversity, raising consciousness about the issue consistently; 2. Ensuring that only blinded peer-reviewed presentations are advanced at professional meeting; 3. Publishing only blinded peer-reviewed papers in leading journals in the field. These steps-together with broader system-wide efforts to maximize diversity among trainees and faculty-can pave the way for any field to become welcoming to all, irrespective of any axes of identity.
Use, Safety Assessment, and Implementation of Two Point-of-Care Tests for COVID-19 Testing.

Objectives The Abbot ID NOW COVID-19 assay and Quidel Sofia 2 SARS Antigen FIA are point-of-care assays that offer rapid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral RNA and nucleocapsid protein, respectively. Given the utility of these devices in the field, we investigated the feasibility and safety of using the ID NOW and Sofia assays in the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and in future public health emergencies. Methods A combination of utilization and contamination testing in addition to a review of instrument workflows was conducted. Results Utilization testing demonstrated that both tests are intuitive, associated with high user test success (85%) in our study, and could be implemented by staff after minimal training. Contamination tests revealed potential biosafety concerns due to the open design of the ID NOW instrument and the transfer mechanisms with the Sofia. When comparing the workflow of the ID NOW and the Sofia, we found that the ID NOW was more user-friendly and that the transfer technology reduces the chance of contamination. Conclusions The ID NOW, Sofia, and other emerging point-of-care tests should be used only after careful consideration of testing workflow, biosafety risk mitigations, and appropriate staff training.
2 FROM CAD (OR REALITY) TO REALITY: THE DESIGN AND BUILD PROCESS

The process whereby an idea, or a scan of an object, is transformed first to a 3D software model, then to a printable file (which slices the planned physical object into printable layers), and finally to a finished object is complex: a blend of many skills and experience is necessary for success. In addition, additive fabrication, particularly in metal, requires integration with digital, shop floor, supply chain, and customer-facing processes (particularly in the case of mass customization). What follows is a cursory overview of the processes that can be involved. At the high level, initial choices include 1. What to build. 2. What it needs to do. 3. What it could look like. 4. What to build it from. 4. How to model it digitally. 5. How to build it. 6. How to treat it after printing.
Third-Line Antiepileptic Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Status Epilepticus (P1.269)

Objective: To determine which patient features are predictive of outcome in those presenting with status epilepticus, compare and contrast those who responded to second-line therapy to those requiring third-line, and evaluate the relationship between number of third-line agents and outcome. Background: Although there has been much research and several clinical trials (ex ESETT) addressing the use of second-line agents in the treatment of benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus, there has been little research done on third-line agents and their effects on outcome. Design/Methods: Retrospective comparative analysis conducted at a level 4 epilepsy center at University Hospital in San Antonio over 3 years from 2013 to 2015. Inclusion criteria included patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of status epilepticus. Characteristics of age, gender, intubation rate, ventilation time, vasopressor use, history of epilepsy, EEG resolution, seizure type, etiology, length of hospital stay, third-line agent used, and Glasgow outcome score at discharge were compared and evaluated for statistical significance. Results: Factors that correlated with worse outcomes included advanced age, first time seizure, vasopressor use, and prolonged hospital stay. Intubation and vasopressor use were more common in patients who received a third-line agent. Breakthrough seizures correlated with better outcomes while anoxic brain injury correlated with worse outcomes. There was no difference in Glasgow outcome score at discharge between patients that received a third-line agent and those that responded to second-line therapy. However, increasing the number of third-line agents beyond one proportionately led to poorer outcomes. Conclusions: It may be possible to create status epilepticus treatment algorithms tailored to specific subpopulations. Using these results, status epilepticus may be anticipated earlier in its course and treated sooner. Information regarding antiepileptic therapy may be used to prevent status epilepticus in the future. It may be possible to design a randomized prospective trial to further evaluate outcomes related to third-line therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Ellis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morgan has nothing to disclose.
Creating synergy with boundary chains: Can they improve usability of climate information?

Boundary organizations facilitate and negotiate the interface between science production and use to improve information usability particularly for climate adaptation. To support the increasing demand for usable climate information and enable adaptation, boundary organizations themselves must innovate to foster more efficient production of usable science and more effective networks of producers and users. A recent innovation centers on the idea of boundary chains, whereby boundary organizations work together to increase efficiencies such as leveraging human and social resources. While this idea holds promise, more work is needed to better understand how and why boundary organizations work together to improve information usability and other beneficial outcomes. In this perspective for the special issue, we propose a new conceptual framework for exploring why and how boundary chains form and for evaluating whether or not they are successful. We then apply the framework to case studies that are discussed in more detail in this special issue. Our framework hinges on the notion that boundary chains that are successful are those that create synergy. In turn, synergy depends on a combination of complementarity, putting two kinds of inputs together results in greater output than either each engaging partner could deliver on their own, and embeddedness, the choices and actions on one side are at least partially influenced by and dependent upon the choices and actions of the other side and vice versa.
Silent or Salient Gender?: The Interpretation of Gendered God-Language in the Hebrew Bible, Exemplified in Isaiah 42, 46, and 49

Hanne Loland studies gendered god-language in the Hebrew Bible. She offers a theoretical framework that is helpful for the interpretation of biblical language used in reference to God and for the broader theological and scholarly debate on God and gender. One of the main questions Loland discusses is whether and how gender is salient - that is, of significance - when gendered god-language occurs in a text. This is a new line of questioning in Hebrew Bible research, which so far has been mostly concerned with mapping the occurrences of feminine god-language. The question of gender significance is debated both in theoretical discussions on God, gender and language, and in three case studies (Isa 42:13-14, 46:3-4, and 49:14-15). These texts are chosen primarily because of today’s research situation, where there has been a claim that Isa 40-55 (or 40-66) differs from the rest of the Hebrew Bible in its use of feminine god-language. Loland argues that there is in principle no difference between god-language formulated in similes or metaphors. Further, there is no significant difference between male and female god-language in the Hebrew Bible. These findings are also relevant for the contemporary debate concerning god-language in academia, church, and synagogue. This volume was recognized with the John Templeton Award for Theological Promise in 2008.
Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Atherosclerosis is a progressive, generalized disease affecting the entire arterial system. The development of atherosclerotic lesions in the large arteries of the lower extremities eventually leads to significant stenosis. Consequently, blood flow distal to the lesions is significantly impaired. The condition is referred to as lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).
Feedforward noise cancellation in an airduct using generalized FIR filter estimation

A feedforward control algorithm for active noise control based on the recursive estimation of a generalized finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented in this paper. The feedforward control algorithm is applied to a commercial air ventilation silencer to provide active noise compensation in an airduct. A generalized FIR filter has the same linear parameter structure as a taped delay FIR filter that is favorable for (recursive) estimation purposes. However, the advantage of the generalized FIR filters lies in the possibility to include prior knowledge of system dynamics in the tapped delay line of the filter. By comparison with a conventional FIR filter implementation it is shown that a significant improvement in noise cancellation is obtained.
Pivoting for structured matrices and rational tangential interpolation

Gaussian elimination is a standard tool for computing triangular factorizations for general matrices, and thereby solving associated linear systems of equations. As is well-known, when this classical method is implemented in finite-precision-arithmetic, it often fails to compute the solution accurately because of the accumulation of small roundoffs accompanying each elementary floating point operation. This problem motivated a number of interesting and important studies in modern numerical linear algebra; for our purposes in this paper we only mention that starting with the breakthrough work of Wilkinson, several pivoting techniques have been proposed to stabilize the numerical behavior of Gaussian elimination.Interestingly, matrix interpretations of many known and new algorithms for various applied problems can be seen as a way of computing triangular factorizations for the associated structured matrices, where different patterns of structure arise in the context of different physical problems. The special structure of such matrices [e.g., Toeplitz, Hankel, Cauchy, Vandermonde, etc.] often allows one to speed-up the computation of its triangular factorization, i.e., to efficiently obtain fast implementations of the Gaussian elimination procedure. There is a vast literature about such methods which are known under different names, e.g., fast Cholesky, fast Gaussian elimination, generalized Schur, or Schur-type algorithms. However, without further improvements they are efficient fast implementations of a numerically inaccurate [for indefinite matrices] method.In this paper we survey recent results on the fast implementation of various pivoting techniques which allowed us to improve numerical accuracy for a variety of fast algorithms. This approach led us to formulate new more accurate numerical methods for factorization of general and of J-unitary rational matrix functions, for solving various tangential interpolation problems, new Toeplitz-like and Toeplitz-plus-Hankel-like solvers, and new divided differences schemes. We beleive that similar methods can be used to design accurate fast algorithm for the other applied problems and a recent work of our colleagues supports this anticipation.
Role slices: a notation for RBAC permission assignment and enforcement

During the past decade, there has been an explosion in the complexity of software applications, with an increasing emphasis on software design via model-driven architectures, patterns, and models such as the unified modeling language (UML). Despite this, the integration of security concerns throughout the product life cycle has lagged, resulting in software infrastructures that are untrustworthy in terms of their ability to authenticate users and to limit them to their authorized application privileges. To address this issue, we present an approach to integrate role-based access control (RBAC) into UML at design-time for permission assignment and enforcement. Specifically, we introduce a new UML artifact, the role slice, supported via a new UML role-slice diagram, to capture RBAC privileges at design time within UML. Once captured, we demonstrate the utilization of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) techniques for the automatic generation of security enforcement code. Overall, we believe that our approach is an important step to upgrading security to be an indispensable part of the software process.
Do avatars dream of electronic picket lines?: The blurring of work and play in virtual environments

Purpose – This paper aims to define and articulate the concept of digital protestainment, to address how technologies have enabled boundaries to become more permeable, and in which this permeability leads to the engendering of new cultures.Design/methodology/approach – Two case studies, within Second Life and EVE Online, are examined to see how digital protestainment, through the lens of cultural borderlands, creates a hybridized culture. Recorded interviews and textual analysis of web sites are used to illustrate the concepts of play, work, and blended activities.Findings – Within virtual environments the process of hybridization is not only increased in size, scope, form, and function. The borderlands process draws in cultural elements through a complex interchange between the online and the offline, in which hybridized cultural bits are carried out into other spaces.Research limitations/implications – The success of the cases does not represent all digital protest examples and so this study is limited ...
The Weak Order on Pattern-Avoiding Permutations

The weak order on the symmetric group is a well-known partial order which is also a lattice. We consider subposets of the weak order consisting of permutations avoiding a single pattern, characterizing the patterns for which the subposet is a lattice. These patterns have only a single small ascent or descent. We prove that all patterns for which the subposet is a sublattice have length at most three.
Prolonged Survival of B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Is Accompanied by Overexpression of bcl-2 Protein

Overexpression of bcl-2 delays the onset of apoptosis in lymphohematopoietic cells. We measured levels of bcl-2 protein in normal and leukemic human B-cell progenitors with a specific monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Normal immature B cells had low levels of bcl-2 protein; the intensity of fluorescence, expressed as molecules of soluble fluorochrome per cell, within CD10+ cells was 3,460 +/- 1,050 (mean +/- SD; 5 samples). In 16 cases of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), cells had levels of bcl-2 that were strikingly higher than those of their normal counterparts (33,560 +/- 14,570; P < .001 by t-test analysis). We next investigated whether the intensity of bcl-2 expression correlated with the resistance of immature B cells to in vitro culture. In 12 cases of B-lineage ALL, the cells recovered after 7 days of culture on allogeneic bone marrow stromal layers were 69% to 178% (median, 95.5%) of those originally seeded. Prolonged survival of leukemic cells in vitro was observed even in the absence of stromal layers in 6 of these 12 cases; the intensity of bcl-2 protein expression in these cases was 45,000 +/- 13,270, compared with 21,500 +/- 7,260 in the 6 cases in which greater than 99.5% of cells rapidly died by apoptosis under the same culture conditions (P = .003). Five immature B-cell lines, continuously growing in the absence of stroma, had the highest bcl-2 expression (79,400 +/- 20,330). By contrast, most normal CD19+, sIg-immature B cells died despite the presence of bone marrow stromal layers; 9.7% to 28.2% were recovered after 7 days of culture in three experiments. We conclude that abnormal bcl-2 gene expression influences the survival ability of B-cell progenitors. This may contribute to leukemogenesis and explain the aptitude of leukemic lymphoblasts to expand outside the bone marrow microenvironment.
R62, a Naturally Occurring Hybrid R Plasmid

Abstract R62, a naturally occurring R factor, was shown to be a single deoxyribonucleic acid molecule composed of polynucleotide sequences typical of I group plasmids and also sequences typical of the N group. It determined I pili and belonged to the Iα compatibility group. Although compatible with plasmids of group N, R62 showed complex genetic reactions with N plasmids which are described and interpreted. It is concluded that R62 was the product of illegitimate recombination between an I group and an N group plasmid.
Spectroscopy and ionization dynamics of a dense ultracold Rydberg atom gas

Summary form only given. We describe measurements of high-resolution spectra and ionization dynamics in a strongly interacting gas of cold Rydberg atoms. Ground state /sup 85/Rb atoms are cooled to a few hundred /spl mu/K in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), and then excited to high Rydberg states by use of a pulse-amplified laser operating near 300 nm. The Rydberg atom density can be higher than 10/sup 10/ cm/sup -3/, depending on the laser power. The laser system produces nearly transform-limited pulses of 8 nsec duration, allowing spectral resolution of about 80 MHz.
pH sensitivity of the Na+:HCO3- cotransporter in basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit kidney cortex.

HCO3- exit across the basolateral membrane of the kidney proximal tubule cell is mediated via an electrogenic Na+:HCO3- cotransporter. We have studied the effect of pH on the activity of this cotransport system in basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit renal cortex. At constant internal pH 6.0, increasing the external pH and [HCO3-] increased the rate of 4,4‘-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid-sensitive 22Na+ influx into the vesicles. To determine the role of internal pH on the activity of the Na+:HCO3- cotransport system, the influx of 22Na+ via HCO3-dependent Na(+)-Na+ exchange was measured in the absence of an initial pH and [HCO3-] gradient (pH(i) = pH(o), 5% CO2). Increasing the pH from 6.8 to 7.2 increased whereas, increasing the pH from 7.4 to 8.0 decreased the rate of 22Na+ influx via this exchange. Increasing pH at constant [HCO3-] (pH(i) = pH(o) = 8.0, 1.5% CO2 versus pH(i) = pH(o) = 7.2, 10% CO2) reduced the influx of 22Na+ via HCO3-dependent Na(+)-Na+ exchange. Increasing pH at constant [CO3(2-)](pH(i) = pH(o) = 8.0, 1.5% CO2 versus pH(i) = pH(o) = 7.2, 60% CO2) was associated with reduced 22Na+ uptake. Decreasing the pH (pH(i) = pH(o) = 6.3, 60% CO2 versus pH(i) = pH(o) = 7.2, 5% CO2) was associated with a reduced rate of HCO3(-)-dependent Na(+)-Na+ exchange. We conclude that the Na+:HCO3- cotransporter displays a significant pH sensitivity profile with the cotransporter being more functional at pH 7.0-7.4 and less active at more acid or alkaline pH. In addition, the results suggest that the pH sensitivity arises at the inner surface of the basolateral membrane.
Kinematics and timing of the Miocene-Quaternary deformation in Nellis Dunes Recreational Area, Nevada

III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V TABLE OF CONTENTS VI LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF FIGURES VIII LIST OF PLATES IX CHAPTER 1