cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the Mechanism of the Acid-blanch and EDTA Process Inhibition of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 Spores

Acid-blanching followed by addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to the can brine had been shown to control germination of mesophilic spores following sub-lethal thermal processes. The mechanism of this control was investigated using C. sporogenes PA 3679 spores in buffered solutions. Spore suspensions in buffered 0.05M citric acid solutions, pH 3.5 and 5.8, and Sorensons phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, were heat-activated at 80 °C and then heated for 5 min at 121 °C. The mechanism of inhibition appeared to involve destruction of the spore germination system by heat at reduced pH as a result of collapse of the cortex peptidoglycan layers, possible hydration of the core and concommitant increase in the core volume.
Interaction of phase variation, host and pressure/gas composition: pneumococcal gene expression of PsaA, SpxB, Ply and LytA in simulated middle ear environments.

Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of otitis media (OM), undergoes spontaneous intra-strain variations in colony morphology. Transparent (T) variants are more efficient in colonizing the nasopharynx while opaque (O) variants exhibit greater virulence during systemic infections. This study was intended to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the predominant S. pneumoniae variant efficiently infects the middle ear (ME) mucosa.
Some insights for the prediction of near-wall turbulence

In this paper, we revisit the eddy viscosity formulation to highlight a number of important issues that have direct implications for the prediction of near-wall turbulence. For steady wall-bounded turbulent flows, we make the equilibrium assumption between rates of production (P) and dissipation ( ) of turbulent kinetic energy (k) in the near-wall region to propose that the eddy viscosity should be given by t = S 2 , where S is the mean shear rate. We then argue that the appropriate velocity scale is given by .STL/ 1=2 k 1=2 where TLD k= is the turbulence (decay) time scale. The difference between this velocity scale and the commonly assumed velocity scale of k 1=2 is subtle but the consequences are significant for near-wall effects. We then extend our discussion to show that the fundamental length and time scales that capture the near-wall behaviour in wall-bounded shear flows are the shear mixing length scale LSD.= S 3 / 1=2 and the mean shear time scale 1=S, respectively. With these appropriate length and time scales (or equivalently velocity and time scales), the eddy viscosity can be rewritten in the familiar form of the k‐ model as tD.1=STL/ 2 k 2 = . We use the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of turbulent channel flow of Hoyas & Jim´
Tectonic and eustatic controls on sequence stratigraphy of the Pliocene Loreto basin, Baja California Sur, Mexico

The Loreto basin formed by rapid westward tilting and asymmetric subsidence within a broad releasing bend of the Loreto fault during transtensional deformation along the western margin of the active Gulf of California plate boundary. Sedimentary rocks range in age from ∼5(?) to 2.0 Ma and consist of siliciclastic and carbonate deposits that accumulated in nonmarine, deltaic, and marine settings. The basin is divided into the central and southeast subbasins, which have distinctly different subsidence histories and stratigraphic evolution. Sedimentary rocks of the Loreto basin are divided into four stratigraphic sequences that record discrete phases of fault-controlled subsidence and basin filling. Sequence boundaries record major changes in tilting geometries and sediment dispersal that were caused by reorganization of basin-bounding faults. Sequence 1 consists of nonmarine conglomerate and sandstone that accumulated in alluvial fans and braided streams. The sequence 1–2 boundary is a marine flooding surface in both subbasins, and parasequences within sequence 2 consist of progradational Gilbert deltas that are capped by transgressive marine shell concentrations and flooding surfaces. The sequence 2–3 boundary is a low-angle erosional unconformity in the southeast subbasin and a thin interval of downlap in the central subbasin. Sequence 3 is characterized by bioclastic limestones that were derived from the uplifted portion of the hanging-wall tilt block. The sequence 3–4 boundary is an angular unconformity in the southeast subbasin and an abrupt marine flooding surface in the central subbasin. Sequence 4 consists dominantly of in situ shallow-marine carbonate deposits. By comparing parasequences of sequence 2 with marine oxygen-isotope curves, we can discriminate between eustatic and tectonic controls on stratigraphic evolution. In the central subbasin, sequence 2 accumulated during a short phase of extremely rapid subsidence (8 mm/yr); it contains 14 paracycles that do not match the O-isotope curve, and there are no unconformities. In the southeast subbasin, sequence 2 accumulated at a rate of ∼1.5 mm/yr; it contains 4 paracycles that appear to match the O-isotope curve, and sequence boundaries are unconformities. Thus, we conclude that during sequence 2 deposition: (1) extremely rapid subsidence in the central subbasin outpaced eustatic sea-level changes, and Gilbert delta paracycles were produced by episodic fault-controlled subsidence; and (2) subsidence in the southeast subbasin was slower than the rate of eustatic sea-level changes, and the internal stratigraphic cyclicity preserves a record of eustatic rather than tectonic events.
Optimal Estimation of Dynamically Consistent Kinematics and Kinetics for Forward Dynamic Simulations

Forward dynamic simulation provides a powerful framework for characterizing in vivo loads, for investigating the muscular coordination of movement, and for predicting changes in movement due to injury, impairment or surgical intervention. However, the computational challenge of generating simulations has greatly limited the use and application of dynamic models. Traditional approaches use optimization to determine a set of input trajectories (e.g. muscle forces or joint torques) that drive a model to track experimental motion and force measurements [1,2]. Optimization is needed, in part, to resolve dynamic inconsistencies between measured kinematics and ground reactions. Large scale dynamic optimization problems of this type are inherently difficult to solve, often necessitating model simplifications. It has previously been shown that dynamic inconsistencies can be efficiently resolved on a per-frame basis by enforcing whole-body dynamic constraints [3,4]. However, forward simulations cannot be generated from such data since integration of the accelerations will not re-produce measured velocities and positions.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Prevention of venous thromboembolism after total joint arthroplasty: aspirin is enough for most patients.

he orthopedic community continues to be concerned about venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ortho-pedic procedures. There is currently no consensus on the optimal strategy for prevention of VTE after knee and hip arthroplasty. In North America, the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have both been involved in putting forth guidelines that are intended to minimize this complica-tion after orthopedic procedures.
Setting the Stage: Autonomous Legal Reasoning in International Humanitarian Law

This short essay seeks to reorient — and broaden — the existing discourse on international humanitarian law (IHL) and autonomous weapons. Written for a conference co-sponsored by the International Committee of the Red Cross, it employs a contextual analysis to pose new questions (and reformulate others) regarding the relationship between IHL and autonomous weapon systems. It asks six questions: (1) Who should IHL regulate in this context? Does IHL only regulate States and individuals, or can it provide rules for autonomous weapon systems themselves? (2) What types of autonomous technology should IHL regulate? Should the current focus on kinetic weapons expand to encompass cyber operations? (3) Where should this discourse occur? How do the trade-offs involved in locating legal discourse in a particular forum impact the elaboration of IHL vis-a-vis autonomous systems? (4) When should IHL regulate autonomous weapons? Should IHL ban autonomous weapons now or allow its regulation to emerge incrementally over time? Can IHL only apply when an autonomous system’s operations constitute an attack, or should IHL’s application reach more broadly? (5) How should IHL regulate autonomous weapon systems? Are prohibitions better or worse than prescriptive authorities? Should IHL regulate via rules, standards, or principles? Finally, (6) why should IHL regulate autonomous weapons? How can IHL best prioritize among its foundations in military necessity, humanitarian values, and the practical reality that the development of such systems now appears inevitable. In asking these questions, my essay offers a critical lens for gauging the current scope (and state) of international legal discourse on this topic. In doing so, it sets the stage for new lines of inquiry that States and other stakeholders will need to address to fully understand the perils — and potential — of increasing autonomy in technology for IHL and the international lawyers who practice it.
Overhang polarity of chromosomal double-strand breaks impacts kinetics and fidelity of yeast non-homologous end joining

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main repair pathway for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells with limited 5' resection. To better understand how overhang polarity of chromosomal DSBs affects NHEJ, we made site-specific 5'-overhanging DSBs (5' DSBs) in yeast using an optimized zinc finger nuclease at an efficiency that approached HO-induced 3' DSB formation. When controlled for the extent of DSB formation, repair monitoring suggested that chromosomal 5' DSBs were rejoined more efficiently than 3' DSBs, consistent with a robust recruitment of NHEJ proteins to 5' DSBs. Ligation-mediated qPCR revealed that Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 rapidly modified 5' DSBs and facilitated protection of 3' DSBs, likely through recognition of overhang polarity by the Mre11 nuclease. Next-generation sequencing revealed that NHEJ at 5' DSBs had a higher mutation frequency, and validated the differential requirement of Pol4 polymerase at 3' and 5' DSBs. The end processing enzyme Tdp1 did not impact joining fidelity at chromosomal 5' DSBs as in previous plasmid studies, although Tdp1 was recruited to only 5' DSBs in a Ku-independent manner. These results suggest distinct DSB handling based on overhang polarity that impacts NHEJ kinetics and fidelity through differential recruitment and action of DSB modifying enzymes.
International Space Station Internal Active Thermal Control System: An Initial Assessment of the Microbial Communities within Fluid from Ground Support and Flight Hardware

The Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) maintains appropriate ambient cabin temperatures. The microbial community of IATCS fluid was examined using conventional culture-based and advanced molecular techniques including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assays, direct microscopic examination, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of 16S rDNA genes from the community metagenome. About 50% of the samples examined showed populations that are uncultivable but contained viable cells. RFLP analyses identified nine distinct bacterial groups from the 171 clones and eight distinct bacterial groups from the 26 cultivable organisms,indicating significant diversity.
Importance of Physical Therapy Grows

To the Editor: Those who read, contribute to the editorial process, and submit contributions to a journal such as Physical Therapy may be interested in the importance of the journal relative to other journals. One measure of such importance is a journal's impact factor. The measure is documented yearly in the Journal Citation Reports of Science Citation Index .1 It indicates the frequency with which citable items (primarily articles) of different journals are cited (referenced) by authors publishing in that year. Because some journals may include more citable items per year than others, the impact factor for a journal is calculated in relation to the number of citable items published in that journal. Lister made reference in 19862 to the growing impact factor of Physical Therapy .… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/66/11?iss=1
Enhanced Mixing Through Perforated Discs on Round Buoyant Jet

Jets have been widely used in submarine outfall diffuser systems for discharging the sewage effluents into large bodies of sea water to facilitate rapid mixing of the effluent with the ambient water. The primary goal of an outfall diffuser system is to accomplish rapid mixing of the effluent with the ambient water. In an effort to enhance the near field mixing, various obstruction devices may be placed exterior to the diffuser nozzle. This experimental study focuses on the enhanced mixing mechanisms of the jets obstructed with perforated discs. Experiments are conducted in a deep water tank with glass walls on four sides of the tank. The tank has the dimension of 3.35 m in depth with a square cross-section of 1.15 m. The water particle velocities of the resulting flow field are measured by using a portable four-beam, two-component, fiber-optic Laser-Doppler Velocimeter system (LDV). The concentration of the entrained fluid is measured by using a Laser-Induced Fluorescence system (LIF). The data acquisition system used for obtaining data on the concentration profiles is processed by Labview's programmable virtual instruments software.
THE ACADEMY UNDER SIEGE: Informing the Public about the Merits of Academic Tenure

It is argued that the academy has been reluctant to dis- cuss and defend the institution of academic tenure with the general public and that if the institution is to be saved, this reticence to talk about tenure must give way to a reasoned discussion of the merits of tenure. To this end, the authors offer a definition of what tenure is and a discussion on how it is achieved. They also discuss what tenure gives a faculty member, why it is in the best interests of society for university professors to be protected by tenure, and why it is in the best interest of American universities to retain the tenure sytem. The authors conclude with a discussion of when budget exigency should override tenure and when it should not. When we, in the academic world, are asked by others to defend the institution of academic tenure, we usually cite the need for academic freedom. While this answer is correct, it does not fully communicate what academic tenure is, how it is achieved, what it gives a faculty member, why it is in the best interest of society for university professors to be protected by tenure, and why it is in the best inter- est of American universities to retain the tenure system. It is our view that even though the academy educates citizens, it has not done a good job of educating cit- izens about academic tenure. Perhaps we are reticent to openly discuss academic tenure because we do not wish to draw attention to ourselves. Or, perhaps we are reticent to openly discuss academic tenure because we are not convinced we can persuade the public on the merits of tenure. It is our perspective that if tenure is to be protected, academicians must make the case for tenure and they must do so in a way that is not self-serving. Many of the articles in this special issue discuss ten- ure in such a way. However, we feel that some additional points can be made on
Immune-complex Glomerulonephritis Associated with Cyton.egalovirus Infection

Histologic and immunopathologic studies were performed at autopsy on the kidneys of a patient in whom hematuria and proteinuria developed in association with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. Light microscopic examination of the kidneys revealed focal mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed a granular deposition of IgG, IgA, C3, and C4, mainly in the mesangium. CMV antigens were also demonstrated in a similar immunofluorescent pattern. Glomerulus-bound immunoglobulins were eluted and demonstrated to contain antibodies to CMV antigens. These findings suggest that in some patients who have CMV infection immune-complex glomerulonephritis is induced by glomerular deposition of CMV antigen-antibody complexes.
60 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIMARY CARE ACCESS AND PEDIATRIC INJURY AND POISONING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY.

Background Primary care access is associated with better health and lower costs of care; its effect on injury risk has not been evaluated. Although not consistently demonstrated, positive outcomes associated with primary care injury counseling have been shown. The American Academy of Pediatrics identifies preventive counseling as a priority during well-child visits. Despite this, injuries remain the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Is this an effect of inadequate access to primary care services? Design/Methods Data from the Child Health Care Access and Utilization section of the Sample Child Core of the 2003 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to identify children with limited access to primary care services. Access patterns were determined based on survey responses to indicators of primary care access: usual place of routine/preventive care, usual place of health care, and presence of unmet health care needs. Responses were categorized as limited, partially limited, not limited, and unmet needs. Using multiple logistic regression comparisons, the impact of these limitations on medically attended injury/poisoning rates was evaluated. An adjusted odds ratio of injury as a function of limited primary care access was obtained after controlling for confounders and demographic differences. Results With control for gender, age, minority status, poverty, and medical insurance, no significant effect of primary care access limitations or presence of unmet health care needs was shown on the proportion of medically attended pediatric injury/poisoning episodes (Table 1). Conclusions Primary care access, as a single variable, is not associated with a significant effect on medically attended injury/poisoning episodes in the pediatric population. Injury risk likely reflects multifactorial contributory circumstances and events.
Verification method of the accuracy of 750 kV voltage transformer in locale

Combining with the locale situation,using high voltage standard electric capacity and high voltage dielectric loss bridge,and using indirect comparison method make locale error verification of 750 kV voltage transformer.Solves the hard problems of transportation and locale hoisting for the traditional 750 kV standard voltage transformer,provides the convenience for checking,accepting and testing the equipment of 750 kV substation.
New Aspercryptins, Lipopeptide Natural Products, Revealed by HDAC Inhibition in Aspergillus nidulans.

Unlocking the biochemical stores of fungi is key for developing future pharmaceuticals. Through reduced expression of a critical histone deacetylase in Aspergillus nidulans, increases of up to 100-fold were observed in the levels of 15 new aspercryptins, recently described lipopeptides with two noncanonical amino acids derived from octanoic and dodecanoic acids. In addition to two NMR-verified structures, MS/MS networking helped uncover an additional 13 aspercryptins. The aspercryptins break the conventional structural orientation of lipopeptides and appear “backward” when compared to known compounds of this class. We have also confirmed the 14-gene aspercryptin biosynthetic gene cluster, which encodes two fatty acid synthases and several enzymes to convert saturated octanoic and dodecanoic acid to α-amino acids.
The Vision Discredited

The Secretary of State had collected much of the data for his report during 1791 and 1792. But the outbreak of war in 1793 introduced new circumstances and Jefferson admitted that this had brought about ‘alterations of the conditions of our commerce with some foreign nations … some of them independent of war; some arising out of it’ .1 Nevertheless he submitted the report to Congress, hoping to capitalize on the anti-British sentiment following the June 8 order-in-council and to revitalize his dormant system of commercial diplomacy.
Comparison of Approaches for Heart Failure Case Identification From Electronic Health Record Data.

Importance Accurate, real-time case identification is needed to target interventions to improve quality and outcomes for hospitalized patients with heart failure. Problem lists may be useful for case identification but are often inaccurate or incomplete. Machine-learning approaches may improve accuracy of identification but can be limited by complexity of implementation. Objective To develop algorithms that use readily available clinical data to identify patients with heart failure while in the hospital. Design, Setting, and Participants We performed a retrospective study of hospitalizations at an academic medical center. Hospitalizations for patients 18 years or older who were admitted after January 1, 2013, and discharged before February 28, 2015, were included. From a random 75% sample of hospitalizations, we developed 5 algorithms for heart failure identification using electronic health record data: (1) heart failure on problem list; (2) presence of at least 1 of 3 characteristics: heart failure on problem list, inpatient loop diuretic, or brain natriuretic peptide level of 500 pg/mL or higher; (3) logistic regression of 30 clinically relevant structured data elements; (4) machine-learning approach using unstructured notes; and (5) machine-learning approach using structured and unstructured data. Main Outcomes and Measures Heart failure diagnosis based on discharge diagnosis and physician review of sampled medical records. Results A total of 47 119 hospitalizations were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 60.9 [18.15] years; 23 952 female [50.8%], 5258 black/African American [11.2%], and 3667 Hispanic/Latino [7.8%] patients). Of these hospitalizations, 6549 (13.9%) had a discharge diagnosis of heart failure. Inclusion of heart failure on the problem list (algorithm 1) had a sensitivity of 0.40 and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.96 for heart failure identification. Algorithm 2 improved sensitivity to 0.77 at the expense of a PPV of 0.64. Algorithms 3, 4, and 5 had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.953, 0.969, and 0.974, respectively. With a PPV of 0.9, these algorithms had associated sensitivities of 0.68, 0.77, and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The problem list is insufficient for real-time identification of hospitalized patients with heart failure. The high predictive accuracy of machine learning using free text demonstrates that support of such analytics in future electronic health record systems can improve cohort identification.
Improving data provenance reconstruction via a multi-level funneling approach

The ease with which data can be created, copied, modified, and deleted over the Internet has made it increasingly difficult to determine the source of web data. Data provenance, which provides information about the origin and lineage of a dataset, assists in determining its genuineness and trustworthiness. Several data provenance techniques record provenance when the data is created or modified. However, many existing datasets have no recorded provenance. Provenance Reconstruction techniques attempt to generate an approximate provenance in these datasets. Current reconstruction techniques require timing metadata to reconstruct provenance. In thats paper, we improve our multi-funneling technique, which combines existing techniques, including topic modeling, longest common subsequence, and genetic algorithm to achieve higher accuracy in reconstructing provenance without requiring timing metadata. In addition, we introduce novel funnels that are customized to the provided datasets, which further boosts precision and recall rates. We evaluated our approach with various experiments and compare the results of our approach with existing techniques. Finally, we present lessons learned, including the applicability of our approach to other datasets.
Expanding the anti-Vietnam War movement

David Parsons begins his book by mentioning two common misconceptions about the anti-Vietnam War movement. Campus-orientated organizations such as the Students for a Democratic Society had a “dispr...
Testing Human-Autonomy Teaming Concepts on a Global Positioning System Interface

The field of Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT) aims to understand how humans and automated systems can work together to optimize performance. Tenets of HAT [13] have been established from aviation based research. The current study explored the generalizability of these tenets to the automotive navigation domain. Current Apple Maps user interface (UI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) routes were tested against HAT enhanced Apple Maps UIs and GPS routes. The HAT enhanced versions were designed to improve the communication between the human and automation regarding goal accomplishment and awareness of the automation’s processing. Participants reported the HAT enhanced UIs were a significant improvement over their current GPS systems and nearly all reported they would use the HAT enhanced UIs over their current systems. The systems were rated similarly on all other measures indicating that both systems supported their ability to understand the routes and make the necessary decisions. Data indicate a larger sample size is needed to achieve significance for some of these variables. Overall, the subjective data collected indicated preference for the HAT enhanced GPS UI lending support to the generalizability of HAT tenets to domains outside of aviation.
Von der Ökonomie zur Mathematik

Intellektuell waren die funf Jahre, die im Fruhjahr 1959 begannen, vielleicht die schwierigste und abenteuerlichste Zeit meines Lebens. Im Alter von siebenunddreisig Jahren machte ich mich daran, ein Mathematiker zu werden. Das gelang nur wenigen, wie ich gehort hatte.
Digital subtraction angiography in head and neck radiology

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) was used to evaluate 44 patients with suspected otolaryngologic abnormalities. Sixteen had IVDSA for pulsatile tinnitus or suspected glomus tumor of the petrous bone. Nine patients were evaluated because of pulsatile neck masses, and 12 others had suspected tumors of the neck, face, and paranasal sinuses. Seven had IVDSA following head and neck trauma. The technique of examination is described. The current indications of IVDSA in head and neck radiology are discussed. It is concluded that IVDSA is a suitable substitute for conventional angiography for many otolaryngologic conditions and, because of its safety, can be used more liberally.
Channel Coordination In The Presence of Two Sided Asymmetric Information

This paper develops a model of slotting allowances, taking into account the presence of two sided asymmetric information. The retailer’s private information is the probability of success of the brand in the local market; the manufacturer’s private information concerns the anticipated demand of its brand. In a brand-by-brand regime, some manufacturers are not given shelf-space because they are too likely to involve a low demand product; in the remaining cases, the retailer’s slotting fee reveals the chance of success of the brand in the local market. The uniform method is found to increase ex ante profits when there is a larger proportion of high anticipated demand manufacturers in the retailer’s market setting. The paper concludes with directions for further work.
Local alignment tool for clinical history: temporal semantic search of clinical databases.

Data collected through electronic health records is increasingly used for clinical research purposes. Common research tasks like identifying treatment cohorts based on similar treatment histories, assessing adherence to protocol based care, or determining clinical ‘best practices’ can be difficult given the complex array of treatment choices and the longitudinal nature of patient care. We present a temporal sequence alignment strategy to find patients with similar treatment histories starting from their initial regimen. The algorithm relies on a user defined threshold heuristic to further reduce the search space in large clinical databases. It also uses an ontology based scoring schema to measure the distance between two clinical treatment histories. We validate the algorithm with a search for patients who are placed on a guideline recommended alternative regimen for HIV after failing initial ideal therapy. Our approach can be used to summarize patterns of care as well as predict outcomes of care.
Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks and Its Impact on the Field of Nonparametric Statistics

As I was doing background reading in the mid-1960s in preparation for my dissertation in the area of nonparametric statistics, it seemed that everywhere I turned there was yet another important paper on rank-based statistical methodology by Erich Lehmann, including the article in which he proposed the use of structured nonparametric alternatives (that bear his name) for approximate power calculations (1953), the joint work with Joe Hodges on the surprising efficiency of rank tests (1956), the series of papers on various aspects of rank-based approaches to linear models (1963a, 1963b, 1964), and his pair of definitive articles on nonparametric confidence intervals based on rank procedures (1963c) and estimates of location associated with rank tests (1963), the latter once again being joint work with Hodges. Therefore, it was certainly no surprise when Lehmann published Nonpar ametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks (NSMBR) in 1975 and it turned out to be one of the most influential textbooks in the field.
REDUCED IMPACT OF DIABETES CLINIC REFERRAL ON HIGH-FREQUENCY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT USERS

ABSTRACT Objective: The patterns of emergency department (ED) visits in patients with diabetes are not well understood. The Emergency Department Diabetes Rapid-referral Program (EDRP) allows direct...
Factors predictive of roof instability in addition to the existing CMRR criteria at two case study coal mines

Abstract This work uses two underground longwall coal mines located in the Western US (Mines A and B) as case studies to investigate which parameters are indicative of roof fall potential, and whether the Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR) is predictive of stability at these mines. Data were collected at 30 sites in each mine. These data sets included the CMRR, a record of the roof stability and a series of non-CMRR parameters thought to also be potentially indicative of roof stability but which are not included in the CMRR. These data were then statistically analyzed for correlation between CMRR and roof stability. The CMRR was found to be moderately effective at Mine A but not effective at Mine B. At Mine A, faulting was found to be the primary control on roof stability. Topographic curvature, slope angle and depth of cover were found to have reasonable predictive capability for assessment of roof stability category at Mine B based on a logistic regression analysis. These differences in roof stability controls are likely due, at least in part, to the unusual topography above Mine B, with differential erosion resulting in a landscape of flat plateaus and sharp river valleys. It is likely that these sudden changes in slope and topography lead to in-situ stress rotation and the development of shear stresses near the excavation at Mine B. This, combined with a lack of major discontinuities such as slickensides, which are central to the CMRR system, explains why the CMRR is much less effective at predicting roof stability at Mine B compared to Mine A.
Vitamin D and Infertility: The Evidence

Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin synthesized by the skin upon exposure to UV light. Approximately 10–20% of vitamin D comes from dietary sources and 25OH-D is its circulating form. Vitamin D re...
Muslim women and white femininity: reenactment and resistance

Haneen Shafeeq Ghabra opens her book Muslim Women and White Femininity: Reenactment and Resistance with a personal reflection that intermingles her scholastic journey with her personal one. That de...
A Learning-Based Recommender System for Autotuning Design FIows of Industrial High-Performance Processors

Logic synthesis and physical design (LSPD) tools automate complex design tasks previously performed by human designers. One time-consuming task that remains manual is configuring the LSPD flow parameters, which significantly impacts design results. To reduce the parameter-tuning effort, we propose an LSPD parameter recommender system that involves learning a collaborative prediction model through tensor decomposition and regression. Using a model trained with archived data from multiple state-of-the-art 14nm processors, we reduce the exploration cost while achieving comparable design quality. Furthermore, we demonstrate the transfer-learning properties of our approach by showing that this model can be successfully applied for 7nm designs.
Outbreaks of Erythematous and Necrotic Papules with Hemorrhagic Crusts

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) which is also called Mucha-Habermann disease is an uncommon type of self-limited lymphocytic inflammatory dermatosis Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) is one form of PL, presenting with erythematous macules and polymorphic lesions of papules which rapidly evolve into vesicopustular lesions with hemorrhagic and adherent crusts Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a rare and severe variant of PLEVA, characterized by aggressive ulceronecrotic skin lesions, high fever and histologically described by features which are typical of PLEVA Erythromycin and tetracyclines are indicated for their anti-inflammatory effects rather than antibiotic effects in treatment of PLEVA In severe PLEVA or FUMHD, immunosuppressive agents may prove to be successful
Evaluation of a New Multimodal Optimization Algorithm in Fluid Phase Equilibrium Problems

Los problemas de optimizacion multimodal se encuentran comunmente en problemas de ingenieria y su solucion puede ser muy desafiante para los enfoques metaheuristicos. En este trabajo se analizo el uso de un metodo metaheuristico multimodal recientemente propuesto - el Algoritmo Multimodal de Polinizacion de la Flor - en problemas de equilibrio de fase fluida en dos etapas: (i) el calculo de azeotropos dobles y (ii) la estimacion de parametros en un modelo termodinamico. Tambien se consideran dos formulaciones diferentes en el problema de doble azeotropia. En el calculo de azeotropo, se realizo un analisis estadistico para verificar si el desempeno del algoritmo se ve afectado por la formulacion del problema. Los resultados computacionales indican que la metodologia proporciona resultados robustos y que la funcion objetivo empleada afecta el rendimiento computacional.
Did elderly people living in small towns or rural areas suffer heavier disease burden during the COVID-19 epidemic?

Abstract Background Health disparities were often overlooked during the emerging epidemic. Objectives This study examined geographic differences in the rates of health care use and deaths among elderly patients. Methods Based on individual patient records, multivariate Poisson and logistic models were used to calculate adjusted incidences of COVID-19 and probabilities of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and deaths. Results Of 8,203 elderly patients, 11% died. Elderly people living in small metropolitan areas were half as likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19. Elderly female patients living in small metropolitan areas had much lower rates of ED visits (23% vs. 34%; Odds Ratio (OR): 0.58; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.81; p=0.002) and hospitalizations (22% vs. 31%; OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44 - 0.87; p=0.006) than those living in large metropolitan areas. Furthermore, those living in non-metropolitan areas were more likely to be hospitalized than those living in large metropolitan areas (44% vs. 33%; OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07-1.99; p=0.016), especially among elderly men (51% vs. 35%; OR:1.86; 95%CI: 1.18-2.93; p=0.008). Finally, there was a significant linear trend in hospitalization rates among elderly male patients (p for trend = 0.01). Conclusions Profound health disparities exist in the time of emerging epidemic.
Experimental Methods for Investigating Co-production

In addition to descriptive and definitional questions, there remain important causal questions about the antecedents and consequences of coproduction. In this chapter, we review studies in public management and related fields that used randomised experiments as a method of research to investigate important causal questions about co-production. Our review reveals that the experimental investigation of co-production is on the rise, particularly in recent years, and that such studies have been published in many of the field’s top journals. While these experiments have been varied in their policy focus and the type of experiment they used, certain policy areas like environment and certain types of experiment such as field and survey experiments have been studied and used more often than any other policy areas and experiment types. Gaps in the existing literature, as well as issues for future research along these lines, are discussed.
Life Cut Short: Death as Divine Punishment in Talmudic Stories

The ancient sages of the Talmud used stories as a method to teach people how to behave ethically. Stories, more so than cases, have the ability to rouse emotions and teach important ethical lessons. This paper examines Talmudic stories to determine which behaviors result in Divine punishment and a shortened lifespan. Five behaviors are found to result in premature death: these include hurting another person’s feelings and disrespecting the Torah.
Tax Haven Parent Incorporation and Financial Reporting Transparency

This study further examines the negative association between tax havens and firm-level transparency suggested by prior research by examining firms with tax haven parent entities that are based primarily in non-tax haven countries. I examine whether the negative association between tax haven parents and transparency depends on the firm’s corporate governance environment as well as capital market demands. Using a large cross-country sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) and multiple measures of earnings transparency, I find that firms facing weak country-level governance in the base country with internal governance problems drive the negative association between tax haven parents and transparency. In contrast, I find among firms based in strong-governance countries that capital market incentives motivate firms with tax haven parents to provide higher transparency compared to other MNCs. This result also holds with firms based in weak-governance countries facing less severe internal governance problems. My results suggest that the predominant perception of low transparency related to tax haven involvement is not ubiquitous, and that tax haven use may actually benefit financial statement users in some settings.
Innovative electronic sleep mitigation tool for medical trainees

Introduction: The ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) has been advocating for training of medical learners in sleep and fatigue mitigation, in attempt to enhance their wellbeing. While some educational programs include a one-time sleep didactic, prone to being overlooked, there is need for an educational resource which can be accessible to the learners throughout their training span. The trainees' needs and readiness to learn may vary from time to time, therefore, continued access to educational resources can be very beneficial. Methods: An electronic tool was created on Coggle, comprising of educational resources and content on the basic tenets of sleep quality, regulation, effects of deprivation and strategies to mitigate these effects. Links to free resources made available by AASM, such as 'Choose Sleep,' were also included. The sleep resources were then incorporated in the overall continuum of Graduate Medical Education (GME) resources available to trainees, and was advertised in newsletters, incorporated in orientations (n=324) and wellness sessions (n=254). The GME Institutional Quality of Life data was obtained in 2018-2019 and in 2020 to ascertain baseline and post-intervention measures of wellness, workload and burn-out in trainees. Results: Data collected in 2020, after introduction of Coggle, demonstrated: 1) A 4% increase of residents (n=1041) would rate their workload as 'just right.' 2) A 9% increase of residents (n=1040) said their personal health and wellbeing was 'very good' and 'good.' 3) A 12% decrease of residents (n=1040) said they felt burned out at work. 4) A 5% decrease of residents (n=1037) said they felt they had become more calloused towards people since they first started training. Conclusion: The analysis of learners' feedback demonstrated that access to sleep training resources on a continuous, on-demand basis improved trainees' personal health and wellbeing. The positive impact was sustained despite unprecedented stress caused by the COVID- 19 pandemic. Future steps include: 1) Moving the electronic tool to a more advanced platform with analytical capabilities. 2) Obtaining longitudinal data to assess the impact of the electronic tool on medical trainees' sleep parameters. 3) Sharing the electronic tool with other organizations to improve wellbeing of all medical trainees and health professionals.
Salvage Enbloc Thulium Fiber Laser Enucleation of Prostate for Giant Prostatomegaly After Prostatic Urethral Lift.

ABSTRACT Objective To demonstrate technique of salvage thylium fiber laser enucleation of prostate in men with history of prior prostatic urethral lift (PUL) implant. PUL is an accepted treatment modality for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and is currently recommended for surgical management of prostates 1 However, in reality some patients with prostate >80 g also receive PUL. 2 A substantial number of these patients may requirement re-treatment for recurrent or persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after PUL. 3 , 4 , 5 Patients with larger prostates who fail PUL might be better managed with endoscopic enucleation which is a size-independent modality for treatment of BPH. 1 , 6 Endoscopic enucleation can be accomplished via a variety of energy sources. Thulium fiber laser is a new addition to urologist armamentarium for endoscopic enucleation of prostate. We hereby present a video demonstrating salvage thulium fiber laser enucleation of 198 cc prostate in a men with history of prior PUL. Methods A 66-year-old male presented with a history of recurrent urine retention after prior PUL done 2 years prior at an outside institution. Pre-operative international prostate symptom score was 13, maximum uroflow rate was 6.1 ml/sec, residual urine was 26 ml despite maximal medical management. MRI demonstrated a 198 g prostate and PSA was 13.4 ng/dl with negative prostate biopsy. After a detailed discussion of options, he elected endoscopic enucleation. We employed a 550-micron Soltive superpulsed laser fiber set at 2 J and 30 Hz to perform en-bloc enucleation of prostate, and morcellation was performed with the VersaCut Morcellator. We edited the video to demonstrate the technical nuances of this procedure. Results Surgery was uneventful with enucleation time of 70 minutes and morcellation time of 142 minutes. Implants encountered during enucleation were easily separated with the thulium fiber laser. No attempt was made to remove implants segments extending beyond the plane of enucleation. Morcellation was challenging, with evidence of damage to morcellation probes requiring replacement of 3 morcellator probes. The patient was discharged on post-operative day one after successful voiding trial. At six-week follow up, his international prostate symptom score of 3 with maximum urinary flow rate of 50 mL/sec. He reported no urinary incontinence and his pathology demonstrated BPH. Conclusion This video demonstrates the feasibility of thulium fiber laser enucleation of prostate after PUL, however the findings need to be reproduced in cohort studies. It also demonstrates difficulties encountered during morcellation. For smaller prostates, vaporization may be preferable, thereby avoiding difficulties associated with morcellation.
Background: What is Already Known?

Although many key questions in the study of two-player games have never been adequately addressed, there are quite a few that have been. In order to fully appreciate the place that games hold in artificial intelligence research, it is necessary to backtrack a bit and examine work that has been done on them in the past. Throughout this discussion, the importance of developing a well understood model for the static evaluator will be stressed. It will be shown that without a reasonable definition of evaluation functions, a series of ambiguities that pervades the search system leads to many of the major problems that have been identified by game researchers.
Porcine pancreatic α-amylase hydrolysis of modified substrates and the specificity of subsite binding

Hydrolysis of 6-deoxyamylose and inono-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-6-cyclodextrin by porcine pancreatic a-amylase (PPA) produces low-molecular-weight modi­ fied products, which have been analyzed by chemical and chromatographic techniques. Results for both substrates show that modified D-glucose and two isomers of modified maltoses are produced in the enzyme reaction. In addition, the formation of maltoses which are modified in the nonreducing residue is more favored than the formation of maltoses modified in the reducing residue. These results indicate that productive binding of 6fluoroand 6-deoxy-D-glucose residues is permitted at subsites 1 through 4 of the PPA active site but that binding of these modified residues may be less favorable at subsite 3, the subsite at which catalytic attack
Harmonic Measure: Geometric and Analytic Points of View

Motivation and statement of the main results The relation between potential theory and geometry for planar domains Preliminary results in potential theory Reifenberg flat and chord arc domains Further results on Reifenberg flat and chord arc domains From the geometry of a domain to its potential theory From potential theory to the geometry of a domain Higher codimension and further regularity results Bibliography.
Chapter 8. Antithrombotic Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development and clinical studies of antithrombotic agents. The therapeutic approaches to the treatment of thrombosis include inhibition of platelet aggregation, inhibition of blood coagulation, and enhancement of the fibrinolytic process. The agents involved affect platelet function or act on the blood coagulation mechanisms either by inhibiting the formation or enhancing the breakdown of fibrin. In this regard, it is important to differentiate between a clot and a thrombus. The effects of natural prostaglandins (PG) on platelet function have been studied extensively. As a group, they are generally inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. PGE 1 is by far the most potent by at least two orders of magnitude. PGE 2 differs in that it exhibits a biphasic activity; at concentrations less than those required for inhibition, it potentiates platelet aggregation. Evidence continues to support the hypothesis that platelet aggregation and the release reaction are inhibited by raised levels of intracellular cyclic AMP. The inhibitory effects on platelet function of such diverse agents as PGE 1 , dipyridamole, the methylxanthines and papaverine all appear to be mediated by this cyclic nucleotide.