cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antenna-coupled metal-oxide-metal diodes for dual-band detection at 92.5 GHz and 28 THz

An antenna-coupled metal-oxide-metal diode for dual-band infrared millimetre-wave detection is presented. Electron-beam lithography and conventional sputtering methods were used to fabricate an Ni–NiO–Ni diode coupled to a λ/2 resonant dipole antenna at 28 THz and a λ/2 resonant mmW slot antenna at 92.5 GHz; simultaneous dual-band detection was tested and verified.
An overview of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

Abstract This symposium reviewed the risk factors and problems associated with venous thromboembolism in surgical patients, especially those patients having total hip replacement. The importance of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was emphasized by a theoretical analysis indicating that venous thromboembolism in patients having hip replacement not only saves lives but is also effective. A discussion of the pharmacology of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) included a review of its role, clinically and experimentally, in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Three of the discussants presented their favorable experiences with LMWH in reducing the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients having hip replacement. It can be concluded that LMWH does reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients having hip replacement without causing an increase in blood loss. If its effectiveness and safety remain substantiated, LMWH may soon become the preferred agent for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
Double Scattering of Electrons with Magnetic Interaction

The Mott theory of double scattering of electrons by nuclei is extended to the case where a constant homogeneous magnetic field intervenes between the two scattering centers. The problem is treated in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. It is found that the presence of the magnetic field causes the asymmetry in the double-scattering cross section to be altered, and that this change in the asymmetry can be utilized to determine the gyromagnetic ratio of the free electron.
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: treatment or overtreatment.

In 1972, the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study standardized the classification and treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. It established chemotherapy with external beam radiotherapy as the standard of treatment, yet there was no comparison to treatment with external beam radiotherapy alone. We retrospectively examined the charts of patients with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma treated solely with external beam radiotherapy for the following data: age at diagnosis, gender, tumor recurrence, and tumor-related mortality. We followed 24 patients (mean follow-up 7·9 years) treated with external beam radiotherapy alone. The average age at diagnosis was 5·5 years; there were 15 males and 9 females. Three patients (12.5%) suffered tumor recurrence and there was one (4.2%) tumor-related death. When compared to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, results suggest that chemotherapy with external beam radiotherapy may offer no advantage to external beam radiotherapy alone for the treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.
On the mechanism of prometaphase congression: Chromosome velocity as a function of position on the spindle

Rates of movement of univalents at prometaphase and of half-bivalents at anaphase in living cricket and grasshopper spermatocytes were determined as a function of the distance from the pole toward which the movement was directed. In the artificially produced univalents of cricket cells, correlation coefficients for rate versus distance form the pole were widely disparate from movement to movement and there was no consistent relationship between velocity and distance from the pole. However, in the naturally occurring univalents of grasshopper cells, there was a significant positive correlation between velocity and distance from the pole. In both cricket and grasshopper cells, there was no consistent correlation between rate of movement and distance from the pole for half-bivalents at anaphase. The prometaphase data from grasshopper cells support the simple hypothesis of Ostergren (1950) that congression results from the application to chromosomes of forces which increase with increasing distance from the pole. Furthermore, these data are consistent with models of force production which suppose that the relationship between force (reflected as velocity) and distance from the pole is a linear one.
A Relation between formal and Asymptotic Equivalence for linear Systems Containing A Parameter

We use an elementary method to draw analytic conclusions from divergent formal power series solutions of systems of differential equations containing a parameter and give some applications to the theory of turning points. Our main result shows that a divergent formal series transformation of one system into another in which the coefficients satisfy certain estimates is necessarily the asymptotic expansion of an actual transformation. We use it to show the following. Given a two dimensional system ePdy/dx = A(x,e)y with A holomorphic at (x0,0), suppose that x0 is formally not a turning point in the sense that no singularities appear at x0 during the standard formal solution procedure with formal fractional power series in e. Then the formal solution is necessarily a uniform asymptotic representation of a fundamental matrix of the system on a full neighborhood of x0. (This conclusion is known to fail under weaker hypotheses on A). We also obtain similar but less complete results for higher order systems under more specialized hypotheses.
UTILIZATION OF URIDINE FOR RNA SYNTHESIS IN THE INSECT CELL LINE CP-1268 DERIVED FROM THE CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA.

The utilization of [3H]-5-uridine by CP-1268 cells was studied. Uridine was rapidly transported into these cells by a concentration dependent, saturable process. Exogenous uridine rapidly equilibrated with cellular nucleotide pools and virtually all of the uridine transported into the cells was phosphorylated. Uridine incorporation into RNA was studied by continuous and pulse-labeling techniques in the presence or absence of actinomycin D and cordycepin. These studies have shown that the pattern of unstable RNA precursor and relatively stable RNA product relationship known to exist in mammalian cells similarly exists in insect cells in vitro. This pattern varied markedly with pulse-labeling time and required the addition of RNA inhibitors to block reincorporation of intracellular labeled metabolites during the chase.
Thiocyanate linkage isomerism in the isobutyl ester form of the ruthenium dye known as N3

Using a modification of a recently reported convenient synthesis of the isobutyl ester form of the bis(isothiocyanato) ruthenium dye (N3), we report the isolation and spectroscopic characterization of the minor isomer in which one NCS− is N-bound and the other is S-bound. The synthesis involves the reaction of Ru(iBu2dcbpy)2Cl2, where iBu2dcbpy is the diisobutyl ester of 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine, with a source of thiocyanate. The impact of the isocyanate salt, solvent, and temperature on the yield of the linkage isomers is presented. In addition to the two linkage isomers 1 and 2, the partially substituted chloroisothiocyanato complex 3, Ru(iBu2dcbpy)2Cl(NCS), was also isolated. Selective removal of the chloride using silver triflate provided a path to [Ru(iBu2dcbpy)2(pyridine)(NCS)]OTf, 4, in high yield. The complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and electronic absorption spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. At 80 °C in DMSO-d6, the isomerization of 2 to 1 is complete and exhibits fir...
A review of indirect/non-intrusive reduced order modeling of nonlinear geometric structures

Abstract The paper presents a review of reduced order modeling (ROM) techniques for geometrically nonlinear structures, more specifically of those techniques that are applicable to structural models constructed using commercial finite element software. The form of the ROM governing equations, the estimation of their parameters, and the selection of the basis functions are reviewed in detail and comparisons of predicted displacements and stresses obtained by the ROM and the full order, finite element models are presented. These ROM methods and validations are extended next to multidisciplinary problems in which the structure is subjected to thermal effects or interacts with the aerodynamics/acoustics. These various applications demonstrate the usefulness and appropriateness of ROMs as computationally efficient alternatives to full finite element models for the accurate prediction of the geometrically nonlinear response of the structures considered.
LACK OF ANTAGONISM BETWEEN THE BIOCONTROL AGENT GLIOCLADIUM VIRENS AND VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

summary The effect of the fungal biocontrol agent Gliocladium wrens Miller, Giddens & Foster on the colonization of cucumber by the VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe was investigated. Inoculum of G. virens, grown on wheat bran or peatmoss-Czapek substrate, was added to soil artificially infested with Pythium ultimum Trow. Both damping-off of cucumber and pathogen population density were reduced in treatments with G. virens. Inoculum of G. virens was also added to soils containing increasing propagule densities of Glomus etunicatum or Glomus mosseae. After one week of incubation, the soils were planted with cucumber seeds, and the percent mycorrhizal colonization of roots was determined after 12 d. When grown on wheat bran, G. virens was phytotoxic and increased mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus etunicatum. However, G. virens had no effect on Glomus etunicatum when added as peatmoss-Czapek inoculum. Amendment of soil with peatmoss-Czapek inoculum of G. virens reduced colonization by Glomus mosseae when compared to a non-amended control. Inoculum colonized by other fungal biocontrol agents and sterilized with propylene oxide gave a similar reduction, suggesting that the substrate, not G. virens, was responsible for the reduction in VA mycorrhizal colonization. This evidence suggests that the fungal biocontrol agent G. virens does not have a detrimental impact on these VA mycorrhizal fungi, and would be compatible if applied as a dual-inoculum.
Introduction to Session 2: Applied biological research

The papers in this session continue in the tradition of presenting excellent research directed at the development of new and enhanced biological process through applied biological research. The majority of the research discussed entails the use of newer, molecular biological approaches which have added significantly to our abilities to understand and control microbial activities.
Geometric-optical modeling with MISR over the Kola Peninsula

This study presents the results of a geometric-optical canopy reflectance model inversion experiment for canopy mapping in the taiga-tundra transition landscapes of the Kola Peninsula, Russia. The approach exploits red wavelength multi-angle reflectance factor data provided by NASA's Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), with its nine cameras. Results were assessed with respect to reference data for 53 sites obtained by analysis of very high resolution imagery. Crown cover was retrieved accurately (RMSE= 0.04, R2= 0.65), with mean canopy height somewhat less so (RMSE= 1.9 m, R2= 0.54).
Evoked potential measurement and analysis on a small laboratory computer

A program is described for the collection and subsequent analysis of somatosensory evoked potentials using a LINC-8 computer. The program allows simple evoked-potentials analysis in centers where a small laboratory computer may be available but sophisticated instrumentation such as a computer of average transients is not available. This program provides an efficient method of easily obtaining information concerning the conduction pathways of the nervous system as well as the cerebral function; the program can be implemented on small laboratory computers which most hospitals currently own, without the associated cost or complexity of additional hardware in the laboratory. Combining utilization of a small laboratory computer with an easily programmable method provides an approach for evoked potential analysis which is well within the financial and technical scope of most neurophysiology laboratories.
Simple calculation of the velocity profiles for pulsatile flow in a blood vessel using mathematica

The numerical solution of Womersley flow can provide important physical insights to the student of Biofluid dynamics. This computer program is less than 70 lines and can be entered rapidly without extensive knowledge of Mathematica. Through manipulations, the effect of changes in the unsteadiness parameter, Reynolds number, and waveform shape on the pulsatile hemodynamics in straight tubes, can be explored. The exercise reinforces the importance of unsteady forces on the complex processes of physiologic flow and illustrates the usefulness of computers in fluid mechanics analyses.
Studies of a fuel-rich propane flame with photoionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Flame-sampling photoionization mass spectrometry, using continuously tunable synchrotron radiation, offers important advantages for studies of flame chemistry. Mole fraction profile measurements for 24 flame species are presented for a fuel-rich low-pressure premixed laminar C 3 H 8 /O 2 /Ar flame. Near-threshold photoionization efficiency measurements provide selective detection of individual isomers and unambiguous identifications of other flame species of near-equal mass. The absolute molar composition of the allene and propyne isomers of C 3 H 4 was determined. Absolute cross-sections for photoionization of C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , CH 3 OH, C 3 H 4 (propyne), CH 3 CHO, (CH 3 ) 2 CO, and C 6 H 6 were used to determine molecular beam mass discrimination factors valid for ion masses ranging from 26 to 78 amu.
Interaction of discoidal complexes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-apolipoprotein A-I with human plasma high density lipoprotein HDL3.

The interaction of human plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL3) with discoidal complexes of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) containing 0, 10, 20 or 30 mol % cholesterol was investigated. Discoidal complexes containing various amounts of cholesterol were prepared by incubating apoA-I and DMPC-cholesterol liposomes for 12 hr at 25 C; the protein-lipid complexes were isolated by gel filtration chromatography on Bio-Gel A15m. Increasing the cholesterol content from 0 to 30 mol % caused a decrease in the fluidity of the discoidal complexes as determined by fluorescence polarization with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene; a reduced phase-transition amplitude; a decrease in the ratio of apoA-I to DMPC; and an increase in the width of the discoidal complexes as determined by electron microscopy after negative staining. Incubation of the apoA-I-lipid complexes with HDL3 resulted in a complete breakdown of the discoidal structures and a transfer of DMPC and cholesterol to HDL3. As a result of lipid transfer, there was an increase in the size of HDL3. These in vitro results may be of significance as they relate to the interconversion of HDL subfractions during lipoprotein-lipase-induced lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Blackberries in support of technology

Interactive paging devices known as Blackberries were evaluated by student and professional support staff of Furman University as a part of a longer range evaluation of the technology for future campus-wide implementation. The immediate and robust but low impact communication potential between field staff and systems administrators offered a level of troubleshooting collaboration not possible with other technologies or communication strategies. The costs, benefits and outcomes of the six-month trial as well as the ongoing use of the devices in this setting may provide others considering the technology with factors to consider.
On a functional equation related to Thurstone models

Abstract If f and g are nonvanishing characteristic functions the functional equation g(s)g(t)g(−s − t) = f(as)f(at)f(−as − at) implies g(s) = eibsf(as), i.e., f and g corresponding to probability distributions of the same type. It is shown here that when f and g are allowed to vanish this equation also has solutions in which f and g correspond to distributions of different types. The practical implication is that there are nonequivalent. Thurstone models which cannot be discriminated by any choice experiment with three objects.
Amino acid composition in parenteral nutrition: what is the evidence?

Purpose of review Complete parenteral nutrition solutions contain mixed amino acid products providing all nine essential amino acids and a varying composition of nonessential amino acids. Relatively little rigorous comparative efficacy research on altered parenteral nutrition amino acid composition has been published in recent years.
Direct evidence for GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) superinfection: Elimination of resident viral strain by donor strain in a patient undergoing liver transplantation

The viral genome of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), a single-strand RNA virus, is subject to considerable variability and at least four genotypes have been suggested based on phylogenetic analysis. While co-infection of GBV-C/HGV with other infectious agents such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been frequently observed, there is no report whether or not co-infection and/or superinfection occurs among different GBV-C/HGV strains. By studying a GBV-C/HGV positive recipient/donor pair in the context of undergoing liver transplantation, we have sequenced multiple clones derived from serum samples serially collected over four years. Detailed phylogenetic analyses have been performed with these sequences. The donor was infected with GBV-C/HGV genotype 1 and this strain completely replaced recipient GBV-C/HGV strain (genotype 2) after liver transplantation. The recipient's original viral strain became undetectable during follow-up. Sequence analysis failed to identify genetic recombination between the two genotypes, at least in whole structural domain. This study, therefore, provides direct evidence for GBV-C/HGV superinfection of one strain by another with one of them predominating probably due to replication competition. J. Med. Virol. 68:76–81, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grain size sensitive deformation mechanisms in naturally deformed peridotites

Microstructural analyses of peridotite mylonites from the oceanic lithosphere indicate that shear localization results from the combined effects of grain size reduction, grain boundary sliding and second phase pinning during deformation. The pinning effect, combined with experimental flow laws for olivine, suggests that a permanent transition from dislocation creep processes to diffusion creep occurs. This rheological transition provides a mechanism for long term weakening of the lithosphere for rocks deforming in the brittle–ductile regime. In addition, our results support the hypothesis that a transition to diffusion creep promotes the randomization of pre-existing lattice preferred orientations, which would reduce seismic anisotropy.
Increased field-emission site density from regrown carbon nanotube films

Electron field-emission properties of as-grown, etched, and regrown carbon nanotube thin films were investigated. The aligned carbon nanotube films were deposited by the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The surface of the as-grown film contained a carbon nanotube mat of amorphous carbon and entangled nanotubes with some tubes protruding from the surface. Hydrogen plasma etching resulted in the removal of the surface layer, and regrowth on the etched surface displayed the formation of a new carbon nanotube mat. The emission site density and the current–voltage dependence of the field emission from all of the samples were analyzed. The results showed that the as-grown sample had a few strong emission spots and a relatively high emission current density (∼20μA∕cm2 at 1V∕μm), while the regrown sample exhibited a significantly increased emission site density.
Alterations in adult behavioral responses to cocaine and dopamine transporters following juvenile exposure to methamphetamine

The present experiment assessed whether preadolescent exposure to methamphetamine would alter adult behavioral responses to cocaine and dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in the striatum of male and female rats. Juvenile rats were injected once daily with 0 or 2 mg/kg methamphetamine from postnatal days 21 to 35 and tested in adulthood. Male rats, but not female rats, exposed to methamphetamine showed an increase in responsiveness to cocaine in the open field and an increase in dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in the striatum. These findings suggest that early exposure to methamphetamine can lead to sex specific altered responses to psychostimulants in adulthood, which may contribute to later vulnerability to drug use.
The transcription of the cbb operon in Nitrosomonas europaea.

Nitrosomonas europaea is an aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium that participates in the C and N cycles. N. europaea utilizes CO2 as its predominant carbon source, and is an obligate chemolithotroph, deriving all the reductant required for energy and biosynthesis from the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (). This bacterium fixes carbon via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle via a type I ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). The RubisCO operon is composed of five genes, cbbLSQON. This gene organization is similar to that of the operon for ‘green-like’ type I RubisCOs in other organisms. The cbbR gene encoding the putative regulatory protein for RubisCO transcription was identified upstream of cbbL. This study showed that transcription of cbb genes was upregulated when the carbon source was limited, while amo, hao and other energy-harvesting-related genes were downregulated. N. europaea responds to carbon limitation by prioritizing resources towards key components for carbon assimilation. Unlike the situation for amo genes, NH3 was not required for the transcription of the cbb genes. All five cbb genes were only transcribed when an external energy source was provided. In actively growing cells, mRNAs from the five genes in the RubisCO operon were present at different levels, probably due to premature termination of transcription, rapid mRNA processing and mRNA degradation.
SYMMETRICAL LATERALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF THE CAT: EFFECTS OF UNILATERAL ABLATION OF CORTEX*

We have presented behavioral evidence suggesting that one function of auditory cortex is to attend to stimuli at the contralateral ear. Further, behavioral and anatomic evidence shows that the neural mechanisms for this function probably depend on a pathway that crosses at the level of the medulla, bypasses the superior olive, and ascends to the contralateral inferior colliculus. At higher centers there are several auditory pathways from thalamus to cortex, as well as descending pathways from cortex, and some of these pathways may play a role in selective listening with one ear.
Tip-based graphene etching for MEMS resonator frequency trimming

We report the first-ever demonstration of ultra precise MEMS resonator frequency trimming by atomic-level graphene removal using tip-based electrolytic etching. We placed the graphene films over the electrodes defined over lows-stress SixNy membranes using a film transfer method. In this method, the graphene film is polycrystalline with a grain size in the range 50-800 nm, and can be two or three layers thick. Removing nanometers of graphene film, results in atomic-scale mass control. Using the graphene removal method, we report frequency shifts as low as 7.6 ppm by etching graphene films through STM based anodic reaction.
Development of Nickel aluminide matrix composites

Abstract Nickel aluminide matrix composites reinforced with continuous fibers, discontinuous fibers and particulates are attractive materials for high temperature structural applications. They possess excellent high temperature strength, good creep and oxidation resistance, as well as lower density than superalloys. A variety of alloys based upon Ni3Al have been successfully produced and are reported to have improved properties over stoichiometric Ni3Al. These alloys are all candidate matrix materials for intermetallic matrix composites. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent development of nickel aluminide matrix composites. Various processing techniques such as hot pressing, diffusion bonding, hot extrusion, reactive sintering, and liquid infiltration have been employed to consolidate the composites. The interface compatibility between various reinforcements and nickel aluminide matrices are examined. Finally, the mechanical properties and the directions for future development of various nickel aluminide matrix composites are discussed.
A Bootstrap-Based Nonparametric Forecast Density

The interest in density forecasts (as opposed to solely modeling the conditional mean) arises from the possibility of dynamics in higher moments of a time series as well as, in some applications, the interest in forecasting the probability of future events. By combining the idea of Markov bootstrapping with kernel density estimation, this paper presents a simple nonparametric method for estimating out-of-sample multi-step density forecasts. The paper also considers a host of evaluation tests to examine dynamical misspecification of estimated density forecasts by targeting autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity and neglected nonlinearity. These tests are useful as rejections of the tests give insights into ways to improve a particular forecasting model. In an extensive Monte Carlo analysis involving a range of commonly used linear and nonlinear time series processes, the nonparametric method is shown to work reasonably well across the simulated models for a suitable choice of bandwidth (smoothing parameter). Furthermore, the application of the method to the US Industrial Production series provides multi-step density forecasts that show no sign of dynamic misspecification.
A short half-life GFP mouse model for analysis of suprachiasmatic nucleus organization

Period1 (Per1) is one of several clock genes driving the oscillatory mechanisms that mediate circadian rhythmicity. Per1 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which contain oscillator cells that drive circadian rhythmicity in physiological and behavioral responses. We examined a transgenic mouse in which degradable green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by the mPer1 gene promoter. This mouse expresses precise free-running rhythms and characteristic light induced phase shifts. GFP protein (reporting Per1 mRNA) is expressed rhythmically as measured by either fluorescence or immunocytochemistry. In addition the animals show predicted rhythms of Per1 mRNA, PER1 and PER2 proteins. The localization of GFP overlaps with that of Per1 mRNA, PER1 and PER2 proteins. Together, these results suggest that GFP reports rhythmic Per1 expression. A surprising finding is that, at their peak expression time GFP, Per1 mRNA, PER1 and PER2 proteins are absent or not detectable in a subpopulation of SCN cells located in the core region of the nucleus.
Evolution of nanometer voids in polycarbonate under mechanical stress and thermal expansion using positron spectroscopy

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) measurements were conducted on polycarbonate subjected to either thermal expansion or to tensile and compressive strains. It was found that thermal expansion affected both the nanometer hole size and the hole number density, whereas mechanical stress affected mainly the size of existing holes, and did not generate or eliminate holes in the quasielastic deformation region. The effect of stress on yield and postyield behavior of this glassy material was also investigated. The deduced hole volume fraction of this polymer at 25°C was 6.8 ± 0.5% from the thermal expansion experiment and 7.2 ± 1.2% from the mechanical loading experiment. When the specimen was under compression, the hole volume fraction was found to continuously decrease. This can be considered as evidence of the inability of the free volume concept in explaining the yield behavior of glassy polymers. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of nonreinforcement in the fixed-interval performance of pigeons

Fixed-interval (FI) schedules have been used extensively to study timing abilities. In FI schedules, animals typically show higher response rates immediately after nonreinforced (N) cycles rather than reinforced (R) cycles (the reinforcement-omission effect), and they exhibit the highest rate approximately at the time when the reinforcer is scheduled to occur (peak performance). The present experiments were designed to determine the extent to which factors other than timing contribute significantly to these two learning phenomena. Pigeons were trained in an FI 16-sec schedule in which half the cycles were R and half were N. When successive cycles were separated by a 2-sec interval, responding early in the FI interval was higher after an N cycle than after an R cycle. This reinforcement-omission effect was eliminated when the interval between cycles was increased to 12 sec, because of an increase in performance after R cycles. In addition, timing of the 16-sec interval was assessed by interpolating 32-sec test cycles (all N cycles) at two rates—either 1 test cycle every other session, or 25 test cycles per session. Peak performance, presumably indexing the animal’s ability to time the 16-sec interval, emerged only with 25 test cycles per day, but not with 1 test cycle every other day, despite extensive training with the target, 16-sec-long interval. These results suggest that transient demotivation and time-based discrimination contribute significantly to the reinforcement-omission effect and peak performance, respectively.
Rapid analysis of trace levels of antibiotic polyether ionophores in surface water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with ion trap tandem mass spectrometric detection.

Abstract The occurrence of antibiotics in surface and ground water is an emerging area of interest due to the potential impacts of these compounds on the environment. This paper details a rapid, sensitive and reliable analytical method for the determination of monensin A and B, salinomycin and narasin A in surface water using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Several product ions as sodiated sodium salts for MS–MS detection have been identified and documented with their proposed fragmentation pathways. Statistical analysis for determination of the method detection limit (MDL), accuracy and precision of the method is described. The average recovery of ionophore antibiotics in pristine and wastewater-influenced water was 96.0 ± 8.3% and 93.8 ± 9.1%, respectively. No matrix effect was seen with the surface water. MDL was between 0.03 and 0.05 μg/L for these antibiotic compounds in the surface water. The accuracy and day-to-day variation of method fell within acceptable ranges. The method is applied to evaluate to the occurrence of these compounds in a small watershed in Northern Colorado. The method verified the presence of trace levels of these antibiotics in urban and agricultural land use dominated sections of the river.
Combination bands of small linear carbon clusters: an infrared isotopic study

Abstract Isotopically labeled linear carbon clusters Cn (n=5,6,7,9) have been produced by pulsed laser ablation of mixed ( 12 C / 13 C) carbon pellets, deposited in Ar matrices at 12 K and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the ν>2200 cm−1 energy region. The resulting spectra were compared with computed isotopomer frequencies using DFT/B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level calculations. Combination bands of 12/13 Cn linear clusters are assigned and used to extract the frequencies of the fundamental symmetric mode vibrations of these clusters in their electronic ground states.
RAFT: A Computer Model for Formation and Transport of Fission Product Aerosols in LWR Primary Systems

A computer model, RAFT (Reactor Aerosol Formation and Transport), has been developed to predict the size distribution and composition of the particles (aerosols) formed from condensation of the fission product and control rod material vapors released in LWR accidents. The underlying theory of RAFT considers the processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, aerosol agglomeration, and aerosol and vapor deposition, in conjunction with the equilibrium chemistry of the Cs-I-Te-O-H-Ag-In-Cd-inert gas system. Calculations using RAFT show that under most accident conditions, the particle size spectrum is determined primarily by the competition between the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation mechanisms, rather than the agglomeration mechanism, and that direct vapor deposition on structural surfaces is an important mechanism for the scavenging of fission product vapors.
Alive and Kicking: Municipal Affirmative Action Policy in Texas Cities, 1980s–1990s

This article evaluates the impact of opposition originating at the national level on affirmative action policies in 13 Texas cities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We find that increased national hostility to affirmative action in hiring and contracting has had little effect on the content and strength of affirmative action programs in Texas municipalities. In fact, most programs have been maintained or strengthened since the 1980s. However, there is no clear and consistent relationship between the strength of municipal programs and either minority political representation or the size of a city's minority population. City size appears to be a relevant, but not decisive, factor in maintaining comprehensive policies. As such, we explore two additional hypotheses—policy time lag and bureaucratic insulation—to account for the survival and strengthening of municipal affirmative action policies in the 1990s.
Abstract 4442: Novel mechanism of gamma-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells: endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent increase in death receptor signaling pathways

Tocotrienols are naturally occurring vitamin E compounds found in the seed endosperms of monocots and enriched in palm oil. Tocotrienols have gained substantial attention for their distinct functions in health and disease including their neuroprotective, cholesterol lowering and anti-cancer properties. Our study focused on investigating the mechanisms involved in anti-cancer actions by tocotrienols using the BALB/c 66cl-4-GFP syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model and human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in cell culture. In the 66cl-4-GFP implanted mammary tumor model, dietary delivery of gamma-tocotrienol (250 mg/kg diet) inhibited tumor growth (41% inhibition compared to the control diet). Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor sections from gamma-tocotrienol treated mice showed decreased proliferation (Ki-67) and increased apoptosis (TUNEL). Gamma-tocotrienol inhibited colony formation by 66cl-4 as well as human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Anti-proliferative effects of gamma-tocotrienol were determined to be derived primarily from treatment-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies using human breast cancer cells, showed gamma-tocotrienol to cleave caspases 8, 9, and 3, suggesting the involvement of death receptor signaling. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that death receptor 5 (DR5) was upregulated at both the protein level as well as mRNA level after gamma-tocotrienol treatment. Silencing of DR5 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated gamma-tocotrienol induced apoptosis. Studies investigated C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor that serves as an indicator for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In our study, CHOP expression was highly induced by gamma-tocotrienol treatment, and shown to directly bind to the promoter region of DR5 gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Silencing CHOP using siRNA partially blocked gamma-tocotrienol induced apoptosis and DR5 upregulation. Functional knock-down of JNK and p38MAPK using siRNA suppressed the upregulation of CHOP as well as DR5, suggesting upregulation of CHOP-mediated DR5 expression by gamma-tocotrienol treatment is mediated by JNK and p38 MAPK. Additional analyses showed that not only gamma-tocotrienol but also δ-tocotrienol and the tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil increased the level of CHOP, Grp78, ATF-4, and Xbp-1 splicing, all of which are recognized biomarkers of ER stress. In conclusion, tocotrienols trigger apoptosis by inducing ER stress which leads to JNK and p38 MAPK-dependent CHOP and DR5 upregulation. Research was supported by The Clayton Foundation for Research, NIH Grant CA59739 and NIEHS Center Grant ES007784. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4442.
Heuristic model for shear beam imaging of laser-illuminated space targets

The complexity of Shear Beam Imaging has driven performance analysis to a detailed computer simulation. Here we present a semi-rigorous theoretical model for imaging performance which includes the effects of light level, finite aperture detection, and speckle motion. We present a metric for quantifying the quality of images produced, called here the Incoherent Pseudo Imaging Strehl (IPS) which is amenable to analysis. Theoretically predicted values of IPS are compared with those computed via simulation. The theory agrees well with the simulated results.
Impacts of anion-exchange-membranes with various ionic exchange capacities on the performance of H2/O2 fuel cells

Abstract Anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with varying amounts of quaternary ammonium groups (0.51, 0.70, and 0.90 mmol g −1 ) grafted onto a styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymer were prepared and studied for their impact on the performance of solid electrolyte H 2 /O 2 fuel cells. A higher content of quaternary ammonium groups in the membranes resulted in higher ionic conductivity and lower OH − transport activation energy in the membranes, which in turn resulted in lower cell overpotentials and higher power density in the performance of the AEM fuel cells. By increasing the quaternary ammonium group from 0.51 to 0.90 mmol g −1 in the AEMs, the power density of the AEM fuel cells at 50 °C was found to increase from 169 to 285 mW cm −2 . For comparison, the performance of AEM fuel cells using a commercial Tokuyamma A901 AEM was also tested. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) recorded during the operation of the AEM fuel cells revealed that the transportation resistance of the OH − ions from the cathode to the anode through the AEM depended on the nature of the AEM and the cell voltage and is a critical factor to consider for improving the performance of AEM fuel cells.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for DNA detection by nanoparticle assembly onto smooth metal films.

A simple, sensitive, and reproducible sensing technique is described for the unambiguous detection of unlabeled single-stranded DNA by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). By self-assembling probe-tethered Ag nanoparticles to a moderately smooth Ag film using the complementary target species, electromagnetic “hot spots” are created which strongly enhance the Raman signal of the species present in the hot spot. These species can include a Raman label (a molecule with a very large Raman cross-section) that dominates the spectrum and generates highly reproducible signals. The self-assembly process does not take place in the absence of the target species. Consequently, a strong SERS signal is observed only in the presence of the target. The SERS signal was also absent in the presence of noncomplementary species. AFM analysis indicates that strong SERS signal intensity arises from only a few surface-bound nanoparticles which generate an enhancement factor ∼105−106 greater than the metal film alone. Nota...
The complexity of short two-person games

Abstract Cook posed the question of finding a natural problem that is complete for AC1. It is shown here that a certain two-person game of perfect information is such a problem. Variants of this game are shown to be complete for P and for LOGCFL.
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace uranium: critical comparison of various chelating agents

Abstract A critical and systematic evaluation of four chelating agents for adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of trace uranium is reported. The utility of propyl gallate (PG) and N -benzoyl- N -phenylhydroxylamine (BPA) is illustrated for the first time and compared to that of previously used cupferron and oxine. All ligands offer convenient quantitation of low μg/l uranium concentrations, following short adsorption times. The sensitivity pattern is: PG > cupferron > oxine > BPA. A large difference in the selectivity (in the presence of co-existing metals) is observed, according to the following selectivity order: PG ≈ cupferron > BPA > oxine. Applicability to rapid assays of groundwater and sediments is illustrated. Such comparison of the analytical performance of various ligands should serve as a guide for selecting the most appropriate adsorptive stripping scheme for other target metals.
Monitoring Projects Using Cash Flow Control Charts

ABSTRACT Post Completion Audits (PCA). an important area in capital budgeting have not received much attention in the past. In a competitive environment, however, PCA plays an important role. Uncertain initial forecasts and current estimates can be revised using post audit information under a Bayesian approach at virtually no additional cost, thus enhancing future decisions. Prueitt and Park [2]. developed the Cash Flow Control Chart (CFCC) model for a special class of investment problems with multiple identical units with uncertain cash flows, typically found in Advanced Manufacturing Systems (AMS) and fleet replacement. This paper provides meaningful interpretations to modified Cash Row Control Chart (M-CFCC) patterns.
Hormonal regulation of protein synthesis in cultured kidney cells

Calcitonin-induced changes in gene expression at the level of protein synthesis were examined in cultured porcine kidney cells (LLC-PK1) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides. Twelve intracellular polypeptides showed reproducible changes in the relative intensity of labeling. From that set of polypeptides ten showed an increase and two a decrease in the labeling intensity after calcitonin treatment. One of the induced polypeptides was identified as plasminogen activator and two others were shown to be related to cytokeratins. The labeling of two induced and well-separated polypeptides of 70K and 95K Mr was quantitated and correlated with an increase in secretion of plasminogen activator.
Rapid-screening detection of acetildenafils, sildenafils and avanafil by ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry was used as a rapid screening tool for the detection of acetildenafils, sildenafils and avanafil within adulterated herbal supplement matrices. Acetildenafils show a tendency for partial fragmentation during the desorption/ionization process affording two peaks in the ion mobility spectrum in addition to the intact compound. The fragmentation appears to occur α to the carbonyl group along the CN bond attaching the piperazine moiety, producing a common fragment (K₀=1.0280 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹) along with the respective piperazine fragment. The sildenafils and avanafil afford one molecular ion peak per compound.
Perceptions and Punishments of Workplace Aggression: The Role of Aggression Content, Context, and Perceiver Variables†

Aggressiveness and sanctioning ratings made by 360 undergraduates to scenarios of workplace aggression suggest that aggressor gender, occupational status of aggressor relative to the target of aggression, and type of aggression content (i.e., hostility, obstructionism, or overt) affected these ratings. The results support hypothesized main effects for aggression content and aggressor gender, and also a significant interaction between occupational status and aggressor gender. However, the results failed to confirm hypotheses that perceiver variables (e.g., trait aggression) would add significantly to the prediction of either aggressiveness ratings or sanctioning ratings. Implications for policy formation to manage aggressive individuals in organizations are discussed.
The child psychiatrist attempts to introduce community psychiatry into a state mental health program.

The child psychiatrist in an administrative role in state government appears to have an excellent opportunity to influence the development of services concerned with the mental health of children. Sometimes, however, his efforts produce considerable frustration for him, since the competition for funds in government is great, the financial cost of providing quality mental health services for children is usually high, and partisans of other major areas of concern often are able to receive a higher priority for their programs. Even before reaching the question of how services may best be developed for the emotionally disturbed child and adolescent, it is almost always necessary to define first what is meant by "child" and by "adolescent." Misconceptions concerning these categories can be considerable. Frequently, chronological age is utilized in a definition; however, the upper age ranges for any specialized program become an area of considerable cloudiness. This is particularly apparent where there is use of the adult wards in state mental hospitals for the hospitalization of the adolescent beginning at age 15 or 16. Hospitalization is often carried out on an adult ward for this age group without the benefit of any kind of special programming to meet the needs of someone in this age range. Another area requiring definition has to do with the problems which a child or adolescent may present that require assistance from a state agency and what the appropriate services for them are. Often, the presenting problems are those involving destructive and antisocial behavior. The community would like to see the young person removed from the immediate environment, since it
Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure.

Objective. The objective of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by the sphygmooscillographic method with that measured by the direct and auscultatory methods.Methods. In 15 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and direct methods simultaneously on the same upper extremity. In another group of 86 children and 11 adults, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and auscultatory methods simultaneously, with one cuff. For the sphygmooscillographic measurement, we used sphygmomanometer-S, which measures blood pressure on the basis of the amplitude height (oscillometric) and the morphology (sphygmographic) of pulse waves recorded by a transducer placed in the cuff.Results. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by the sphygmooscillographic method were both 2 mm Hg higher than those from the direct method; the mean blood pressure was 0.6 mm Hg higher. These differences were not significant. Compared with the auscultatory method, sphygmooscillographic systolic values were higher by 7 mm Hg, while diastolic values were lower by 9 mm Hg. These differences were significant.Conclusions. Blood pressure measurements obtained by the sphygmooscillographic method correlate well with the direct method for measuring blood pressure in children and adults; but, they do not correlate well with the auscultatory method.