cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scientist–practitioner training at the internship and postdoctoral level: Reflections over three decades.

Clinical psychology training for research-oriented scientist–practitioners tends to have a gap in research training during the predoctoral internship year. In 1982, the Clinical Psychology Training Program (CPTP) at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) began a 2-year clinical and clinical research training program combining an American Psychology Association (APA)-accredited internship and a postdoctoral fellowship. The goal of the program is to prepare graduates for leadership roles as principal investigators who are licensed clinicians able to function as independent practitioners. This article conveys the philosophy behind the program, its structure, and the results of the program over the last 31 years. The CPTP accepted 142 trainees, of whom 46 (32%) were minorities and 78 (55%) were women. CPTP fellows have published over 250 articles, chapters, and books with their mentors and have contributed to submitting research grants with them. The vast majority continued research and academic activities after graduation. The most recent self-study for APA accreditation reported that of 43 trainees admitted in the 10 years between 1999 and 2008, 41 (95%) went on to academic positions, research, or clinical positions in academic settings or research positions in other settings; 1 obtained a clinical position; and 1 provided no information. The program serves as a model for clinical psychology nationally, allowing for uninterrupted clinical research training during the internship and postdoctoral years, nurturing clinical psychologists committed to clinical research careers, and contributing substantially to the clinical research productivity of the host department.
Characterization of grain-specific peptide markers for the detection of gluten by mass spectrometry.

Global and targeted mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches were developed to discover, evaluate, and apply gluten peptide markers to detect low parts per million (ppm) wheat contamination of oats. Prolamins were extracted from wheat, barley, rye, and oat flours and then reduced, alkylated, and digested with chymotrypsin. The resulting peptides were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis and database matching. No peptide markers common to wheat, barley, and rye were identified that could be used for global gluten detection. However, many grain-specific peptide markers were identified, and a set of these markers was selected for gluten detection and grain differentiation. Wheat flour was spiked into gluten-free oat flour at concentrations of 1–100,000 ppm and analyzed to determine the lowest concentration at which the wheat “contaminant” could be confidently detected in the mixture. The same 2D ion trap instrument that was used for the global proteomics approach was used for the targeted proteomics approach, ...
Model-Free Reinforcement Learning and Bayesian Classification in System-Level Power Management

To cope with uncertainties and variations that emanate from hardware and/or application characteristics, dynamic power management (DPM) frameworks must be able to learn about the system inputs and environmental variations, and adjust the power management policy on the fly. In this paper, an online adaptive DPM technique is presented based on the model-free reinforcement learning (RL) method, which requires no prior knowledge of the state transition probability function and the reward function. In particular, this paper employs the temporal difference (TD) learning method for semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) as the model-free RL technique since the TD method can accelerate convergence and alleviate the reliance on the Markovian property of the power-managed system. In addition, a novel workload predictor based on an online Bayesian classifier is presented to provide effective estimation of the workload characteristics for the RL algorithm. Several improvements are proposed to manage the size of the action space for the learning algorithm, enhance its convergence speed, and dynamically change the action set associated with each system state. In the proposed DPM framework, power-latency tradeoffs of the power-managed system can be precisely controlled based on a user-defined parameter. Extensive experiments on hard disk drives and wireless network cards show that the maximum power saving without sacrificing any latency is 18.6 percent compared to a reference expert-based approach. Alternatively, the maximum latency saving without any power dissipation increase is 73.0 percent compared to the existing best-of-breed DPM techniques.
On the origin and energy of oscillatory earthquake waves

A critical survey of the different modes of generation of oscillatory earthquake waves is given. The consequences of the failure of Hooke's law on the dispersion of waves is indicated. The energy of an earthquake is considered from the theory of elasticity with a discussion of Sezawa's result.
Analysis on Public Governance Functions of Land Use Planning During China's Societal Transformation

Land use planning has strong public policy attributes.During the era of societal transformation in China,introducing the public governance theory into land use planning is of great significance in distributing land resources fairly,effectively,and sustainably.In this paper,we use literature review and qualitative analysis method to describe the connotation of the public governance theory,analyze public policy attributes of land use planning,and probe into the essence,effectiveness,main performance,and basic features of public governance function of land use planning.We generalize the development processes of the first and second round of land use planning,sum up the achievements and deficiencies of these two rounds of land use planning,and discuss the governance function of land use planning and its deficiency during the implementation process in the context of economic institution reform and social market economic development.We also discuss the inherent requirements of social economic development during the societal transformation to public governance function of land use planning.Furthermore,we analyze the social conditions for implementing public governance function of land use planning during the era of societal transformation in the context of market economic,democratic development,globalization and accession to WTO.Based on the above analyses,we propose the countermeasures to implement and improve public governance function of land use planning from seven aspects,including the public governance objectives,preparation and implementation concepts,planning content,network governance in civil society,land resources allocation function of market,laws and regulations,and coordination of various plannings.
Dietary management of children with uremia.

Today, children with chronic renal failure are being kept alive by dietary management alone or in combination with dialysis 2 .Increasingly, dietitians are being called on to care for these patients.
SU-F-T-11: Scintillator Based Quality Assurance Device for HDR Brachytherapy.

Purpose: To build a test device for HDR afterloaders capable of checking source positions, times at positions and estimate the activity of the source. Methods: A catheter is taped on a plastic scintillation sheet. When a source travels through the catheter, the scintillator sheet lights up around the source. The sheet is monitored with a video camera, and records the movement of the light spot. The center of the spot on each image on the video provides the source location, and the time stamps of the images can provide the dwell time the source spend in each location. Finally, the brightness of the light spot is related to the activity of the source. A code was developed for noise removal, calibrate the scale of the image to centimeters, eliminate the distortion caused by the oblique view angle, identifying the boundaries of the light spot, transforming the image into binary and detect and calculate the source motion, positions and times. The images are much less noisy if the camera is shielded. That requires that the light spot is monitored in a mirror, rather than directly. The whole assembly is covered from external light and has a size of approximately 17×35×25cm (H×L×W) Results: A cheap camera in BW mode proved to be sufficient with a plastic scintillator sheet. The best images were resulted by a 3mm thick sheet with ZnS:Ag surface coating. The shielding of the camera decreased the noise, but could not eliminate it. A test run even in noisy condition resulted in approximately 1 mm and 1 sec difference from the planned positions and dwell times. Activity tests are in progress. Conclusion: The proposed method is feasible. It might simplify the monthly QA process of HDR Brachytherapy units.
Sadness, Anger, Fear and Love

This chapter considers what may be learned about jealousy protest by exploring its affective component. Investigative attention to young infants’ facial expressions during exposure to differential treatment reveals that sadness is the predominant affect expression, while fear is more characteristic of females than males. Inquiry into behavioral and neurophysiological responses highlights an assertive, approach response that is consistent with anger. Love is implicated via evidence that jealousy protest is expressed through displays of attachment behaviors and facial affect expressions of interest, suggesting desire, as well as evidence that adults interpret jealousy as a reflection of affection. The fact that this combination of affects is unique, and tied specifically to eliciting conditions marked by differential treatment lends further weight to interpretations which use the term jealousy, even in young infants, and leads to concluding that even in its nascent form, jealousy is expressed as a blended emotion.
Exploring College Men’s and Women’s Attitudes about Women’s Sexuality and Pleasure via their Perceptions of Female Novelty Party Attendees

Women’s sexual desire, agency, and activity have long been stigmatized. In contemporary times, however, adult novelty parties, or gatherings where women can learn about and purchase sex toys or other sensual aids in a group setting, are widespread. The current pervasiveness of novelty parties may be indicative of greater acceptance of women’s sexuality in contemporary Western society. The goal of the present study is to determine whether young people are more accepting of women’s sexuality and desire via their evaluations of women who attend novelty parties relative to more traditional kitchen product parties. In two experiments, U.S. college students read either a novelty party catalog or a kitchen party catalog, and they evaluated hypothetical female attendees of their respective party catalog type across ten total domains. In Experiment 1 (n = 205), novelty party attendees were rated as more vivacious, less traditional, and more insecure than were kitchen party attendees. In Experiment 2 (n = 211), women were harsher than men on novelty party attendees compared to kitchen party attendees in most domains, and men rated novelty party attendees as more masculine than kitchen party attendees, whereas women rated novelty party attendees as less masculine and feminine than kitchen party attendees. Applied and social implications of the present results are discussed, highlighting ways to improve perceptions of women’s sexual desires and pleasure.
Advice as a form of social influence: Informational motives and the consequences for accuracy

In this article, we ask how well people fulfill informational motives by using the judgments of others. We build on advice-taking research from the judgment and decision making literature, which has developed a distinct paradigm to test how accurately people incorporate information from others. We use a literature review to show that people have mixed success in fulfilling informational motives—they increase their accuracy through the use of advice, but not as much as they could. We develop insights about how people perceive advisors and try to pursue advice—and where their perceptions may lead them astray. We conclude by proposing that future work further investigate the reasons people fail to use advice by building on the current advice taking paradigm used in judgment and decision making, but with a richer understanding of advice taking as a dynamic process that often entails complex decisions and normative motives.
Screens are a game changer: How environments influence social capital in the digital era

AbstractAccumulated social interactions shape social capital—that is, resources available through social ties—that benefits individuals, groups, and society at large. Personal electronic communication media and devices, termed herein screens, are a new type of environment interacting with other environments within an ecological system. Environments influence interpersonal communication in and across settings; yet little is known about the influence of context wherein virtual and in-person social interactions occur. After overviewing the characteristics of the screens, the present paper examines how four geographical contexts—middle-class suburbs, impoverished neighborhoods, urban neighborhoods, and college communities—can influence on the relationship between the screen and local social capital. Lastly, this paper discusses environmental design implications for reducing screen usage that harms social capital.
Vehicle classification from low-frequency GPS data with recurrent neural networks

Abstract The categorization of the type of vehicles on a road network is typically achieved using external sensors, like weight sensors, or from images captured by surveillance cameras. In this paper, we leverage the nowadays widespread adoption of Global Positioning System (GPS) trackers and investigate the use of sequences of GPS points to recognize the type of vehicle producing them (namely, small-duty, medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles). The few works which already exploited GPS data for vehicle classification rely on hand-crafted features and traditional machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machines. In this work, we study how performance can be improved by deploying deep learning methods, which are recently achieving state of the art results in the classification of signals from various domains. In particular, we propose an approach based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks that are able to learn effective hierarchical and stateful representations for temporal sequences. We provide several insights on what the network learns when trained with GPS data and contextual information, and report experiments on a very large dataset of GPS tracks, where we show how the proposed model significantly improves upon state-of-the-art results.
Automatic target recognition using deep convolutional neural networks

In this paper, we propose a new Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system, based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), to detect the targets in Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) scenes and recognize their classes. In our proposed ATR framework, a fully convolutional network (FCN) is trained to map the input FLIR imagery data to a fixed stride correspondingly-sized target score map. The potential targets are identified by applying a threshold on the target score map. Finally, corresponding regions centered at these target points are fed to a DCNN to classify them into different target types while at the same time rejecting the false alarms. The proposed architecture achieves a significantly better performance in comparison with that of the state-of-the-art methods on two large FLIR image databases.
Avenanthramide Aglycones and Glucosides in Oat Bran: Chemical Profile, Levels in Commercial Oat Products, and Cytotoxicity to Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Avenanthramides (AVAs), unique phytochemicals in oat, have attracted an increasing amount of attention due to their outstanding health benefits. However, the chemical profile and the levels of AVAs in commercial oat products as well as their health benefits have not been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 29 AVA aglycones and AVA glucosides were identified and characterized from oat bran using NMR (1D and 2D NMR) and LC-MS techniques. Among them, 17 novel AVA glucosides were reported in oat bran for the first time. The most abundant AVA glucoside, 2c-3′-O-glc, had a similar growth inhibitory activity with the major AVA, 2c, against HCT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells, indicating glucosylation does not affect the growth inhibitory effects of AVAs. Furthermore, the levels of all individual AVAs in 13 commercial oat products were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The total AVAs contents in various oat products ranged from 9.22 to 61.77 mg/kg (fresh weight).
Remote Structural Health Monitoring for Bridges

Effective and efficient structural monitoring of bridges is an important factor in ensuring a safe transportation system. In this effort this paper presents the design development and implementation of a cloud based laboratory scale bridge monitoring system that can assist the management for real-time monitoring. Accelerometers are used to collect the vibration data and then passed to the cloud after some initial processing through an embedded system. The cloud server as well as a local server are used for further data analysis and web presentation for remoter user.
Joshua Harold Burn (1892-1981): A visionary during the evolution of pharmacology as a biomedical discipline.

This article encapsulates the career of Joshua Burn, whose work encouraged new lines of experimentation and paved the way for fundamental advances in our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Association of Menopausal Age with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Morphology.

Background: The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) increases rapidly in aging women compared with younger women. The impact of menopausal age on UIAs and treatment outcomes with endovascular therapy has not been well studied. We hypothesized that premenopausal age may have a protective effect on presentation size and treatment outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the association of menopause with UIA size and outcome with endovascular therapy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive female patients with UIAs treated with endovascular therapy at our academic tertiary care center. UIA characteristics, complications, and outcomes were recorded and compared. Results: 117 patients were included: 23 patients in the premenopausal age (PRM) group and 94 in the postmenopausal age (POM) group. 93.6% of all aneurysms in the PRM group were in the internal carotid artery (ICA) segments (p < 0.05). Hence only ICA segment aneurysms were further studied. A total of 21 patients in the PRM group and 60 in the POM group were found to have ICA segment aneurysms. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The mean size of the aneurysms in the PRM group was 8.6 ± 3.9 versus 10.8 ± 5.6 mm in the POM group (p = 0.055). There was a trend to higher aneurysm neck size seen in the POM group (4.7 ± 2.5 vs. 3.7 ± 1.7 mm; p = 0.07). The number of aneurysm lobes was higher in the PRM group (1.23 ± 0.54 vs. 1.07 ± 0.31; p = 0.18). In multivariate analysis, the PRM group had a significantly higher number of UIA lobes. Complications and endovascular therapy outcomes were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions: A trend to increased UIA maximal diameter and neck size was seen in the POM group compared to the PRM group. The PRM group had a significantly higher number of UIA lobes. Larger prospective trials are needed to confirm these findings.
How Theory Can Help Facilitate Implementing Relaxation as a Complementary Pain Management Approach.

Abstract Complementary therapies provide cancer survivors and clinicians with options for managing chronic pain. Recent published clinical guidelines and research findings support the use of relaxation therapy for managing chronic pain in cancer survivors. However, translating research findings into clinical practice remains a challenge. Using theory to guide implementation of a new practice can increase the likelihood of successful adoption. This article uses relaxation therapy for cancer survivors to describe how clinicians could use Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the related Collaborative Research Utilization Model to implement a complementary therapy and ensure that it becomes standard practice.
A national survey about parent awareness of the risk of severe brain injury from playing football.

A survey was conducted to determine the level of awareness among parents of high school football players about the risk of severe brain injury. A national sample of 1007 randomly selected households was interviewed by telephone during February, 1992. All interviewees were parents of high school football players who either were currently playing football or had played within the previous 5 years. Survey questions measured the extent to which parents were aware both of the risks associated with playing high school football and the existing helmet warnings about those risks. Overall, the survey results demonstrated that parents of high school football players were uninformed about both the risk of severe brain injury from playing high school football and the football helmet warnings about that risk. Specifically, unprompted, most parents mentioned broken bones, knee injuries, sprains, or shoulder injuries as hazards associated with playing football. Few parents mentioned severe brain damage, even when prompted. Further, the overwhelming majority of parents incorrectly believed that wearing a football helmet generally eliminated the risk of severe brain injury. Very few parents had received information from any source about the risks of head injury or had heard that no football helmet can provide complete protection against this hazard. Few parents were aware of the warning label on the helmet or knew what the label said, even when prompted. In short, parents were unaware of the risk of severe brain damage, misinformed about a football helmet's ability to protect against this risk, and uninformed about the football helmet warning label about this risk. Keywords: American football; Language: en
Pro-Nerve Growth Factor Induces Activation of RhoA Kinase and Neuronal Cell Death.

We have previously shown that the expression of pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) was significantly increased, nerve growth factor (NGF) level was decreased, and the expression of p75NTR was enhanced in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hippocampal samples. NGF regulates cell survival and differentiation by binding TrkA and p75NTR receptors. ProNGF is the precursor form of NGF, binds to p75NTR, and induces cell apoptosis. The objective of this study is to determine whether the increased p75NTR expression in AD is due to the accumulation of proNGF and Rho kinase activation. PC12 cells were stimulated with either proNGF or NGF. Pull-down assay was carried out to determine the RhoA kinase activity. We found the expression of p75NTR was enhanced by proNGF compared to NGF. The proNGF stimulation also increased the RhoA kinase activity leading to apoptosis. The expression of active RhoA kinase was found to be increased in human AD hippocampus compared to control. The addition of RhoA kinase inhibitor Y27632 not only blocked the RhoA kinase activity but also reduced the expression of p75NTR receptor and inhibited the activation of JNK and MAPK induced by proNGF. This suggests that overexpression of proNGF in AD enhances p75NTR expression and activation of RhoA, leading to neuronal cell death.
Anatomically remote education of B cells is required for colonic health

Abstract Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues contain roughly 80% of all immune cells and produce virtually all of the body’s IgA1–3. Although the majority of IgA-secreting cells educated within a mucosal site home back to the same anatomic region, some cells are also found in distant mucosal tissues2–6. These observations underlie the notion of a common mucosal immune system, which holds that anatomically unrelated mucosal sites are functionally connected by a shared immune system2,3. However, the ontological basis of this separation between site of immune education and functionality has remained elusive. Here we show that mice lacking Peyer’s patches (PPs)—small-intestinal lymphoid tissue covered by antigen-sampling M cells—have no immunologic defect in the small-intestinal lamina propria. Surprisingly, the primary immunological abnormality in PP-deficient mice was a reduction in colonic B cells, including plasmablasts but not plasma cells. Adoptive transfer experiments conclusively demonstrated that PP-derived cells preferentially give rise to colonic—but not small-intestinal—B cells and plasmablasts. Finally, these PP-derived colonic B cells were critical for restraining colonic inflammation. Thus, PPs bridge the small-intestinal and colonic immune systems and provide a clear example of immune education being required in an anatomic compartment distinct from the effector site. Our findings, which highlight that the majority of fecal IgA is produced by colonic plasmablasts that originate from PPs, will help inform design of mucosal vaccines.
The Social Capital of Rural Demography of Marriage, Cohabitation, and Divorce

Rural communities in the United States are both unique and similar to one another (Dillon and Henly 2008). They are unique in the fact that there are many configurations that involve varying racial composition, length of tenure, religious observance, political values, and sources of employment. However, they share similarities in that rural communities are often closely-knit groups that share social capital. Social capital can be described as potential resources within and among a community, based on interpersonal relations that reify norms and include “networks, norms, and trust–that enable participants to act together more effectively” (Putnam 1995:664; Bourdeiu 1984). It has been argued that social capital is declining in America generally (Putnam 1995; Vance 2016), however, many of the factors involved in preserving close social ties such as long-term home ownership, small community size, shared beliefs, and intertwined networks remain stable in rural communities. It is close adherence to social norms, though varying from one rural community to the next, that unites and defines rural America in ways that are unique from suburban or urban populations. This chapter will look specifically at how social capital, unique to rural areas, shapes the ways that the marriage market is practiced in these communities.
Research reportThe role of the dopaminergic projections in MFB self-stimulation

Psychophysical experiments indicate that the first stage of the reward pathway in medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation consists of small myelinated descending axons. Pharmacological experiments show that neuroleptics attenuate or abolish the rewarding effect. This had led to the hypothesis that the descending myelinated axons synapse on an ascending dopaminergic second stage projection. 2-Deoxy-[14C]glucose autoradiography in self-stimulating animals or animals receiving automatically administered rewarding stimulation after treatment with reward-blocking doses of pimozide reveals activation of a descending myelinated system but no stimulation-produced activation of an ascending dopaminergic projection system, even though the autoradiographic method reveals the mild elevations and depressions of activity in dopaminergic terminal fields consequent upon injections of neuroleptics and amphetamine, respectively, and the strong activation of the nigrostriatal projection produced by stimulating directly in the substantia nigra. When the effects of neuroleptics and clonidine are measured by the psychophysical method (that is, by lateral shifts in the rate-frequency function), it is found that both drugs produce only gradual and rather small attenuations of rewarding efficacy up to doses at which it is no longer possible to measure their effects. It is suggested that, for neuroleptics at least, the rewarding effect abruptly fails at these doses. It is further suggested that these drugs do not act on the rewarding pathway itself, but on the process by which the rewarding signal is converted to an enduring rewarding effect.
Behind Every High Earning Man is a Conscientious Woman: The Impact of Spousal Personality on Earnings and Marriage

Using three waves (2005, 2009 and 2013) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA), and linear regression and probit analyses, we examined the relationship between personality and own earnings, spousal earnings, and marriage. Specifically, we were interested in whether an individual’s personality traits re predictive of these three outcomes. As part of these analyses, we first established that adult personality was stable diminishing the probability of reverse causality. Our empirical results confirmed previous findings on the effect of own personality on own earnings. We then turned to the effect of spousal personality on earnings, the first study to examine this by gender. Regression estimates indicated that for men, having a conscientious wife was positively correlated with his earnings. There was some evidence that having an extraverted husband complement a woman’s earnings. These results highlight the importance of non-cognitive skills on earnings and emphasize the value of looking separately by gender. We also found that personality traits played an important factor in how people match in the marriage market, underscoring an important link between the marriage market and the labor market.
Beam Steerable Reflectarray Enabling CubeSat Internet of Space: Conceptualization and Design (Invited Paper)

The vision of Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved the needs of providing seamless connectivity between devices across the globe. A potential solution to this requirement is to launch a CubeSat constellation that can provide broadband Internet access to rural and undeveloped areas (Internet of Space (IoS)). This has escalated the need for low-cost, low-profile antennas with wide angle beam steering capabilities. In this work, we elaborate on the design of a broadband, circularly polarized reflectarray capable of dynamic beam steering in the frequency range of 17.8-20.2 GHz. The reflectarray unit cell consists of a set of four copies of rotated Archimedean spiral arms, and the desired phase shift is obtained by suitably switching between these arms through PIN diodes. Representative prototypes have been fabricated and measured, and beam scans up to 60° have been achieved.
Hyperspectral Image Classification via Object-Oriented Segmentation-Based Sequential Feature Extraction and Recurrent Neural Network

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been investigated and utilized as classification model in the hyperspectral remote-sensing community due to its great capability of encoding sequential features, especially for multi-temporal images. For non-temporal, individual remote-sensing images, RNNs are still a dominant and powerful classification tool that benefits from sequential feature extraction from a single image. In this article, we propose a computationally-efficient sequential feature extraction method for the long short-term memory (LSTM)-based hyperspectral image classification model. Within the proposed method, object-oriented segmentation was employed first to guide similar-pixel searching in the whole-image scope to a local segment scope. Experimental results on two benchmark hyperspectral datasets indicate that our proposed methods achieve higher classification accuracy with lower computational cost.
Novel Findings in Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type IV (P2.2-110)

Objective: Surveillance for immune/autoimmune dysfunction in Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type IV is suggested based on our findings. Background: Hereditary autonomic and sensory neuropathy (HSAN) type IV is due to mutations in Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK1) gene. NTRK1 codes for a receptor that binds to Nerve Growth Factor, the latter being implicated in autoimmune disorders. HSAN type IV presents in infants as sensory dysfunction from a pathological lack of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers and autonomic dysfunction due to lack of sweat gland innervation. Mental retardation, self-mutilating injuries from pain insensitivity and hyperpyrexia from defects in sweating are cardinal features of the disorder. Design/Methods: We report a 2-year-old girl with HSAN type IV who presented with a novel complication of a mass compressing her cervical spine, along with abnormal blood counts that developed post a viral infection. Additionally, we review all the cases of HSAN type IV reported so far providing corroborating evidence of immune dysfunction associated with the disease. Results: Our case: Laboratory results were evident for leukopenia and thrombocytopenia around the time of presentation. MRI cervical spine revealed a mass compressing C3-C7 requiring an urgent decompressive laminoplasty. Histopathological examination of mass was evident for chronic inflammatory cells. The development of an inflammatory mass post a viral infection, rapid decline of cell counts, biopsy findings of chronic inflammatory cells, with resolution post steroid administration suggested possible autoimmune phenomena in the disease. Conclusions: We report HSAN type IV, in a patient of Acadian descent, the first report of the disorder in this population with a known prevalence of autosomal recessive disorders. Reports of humoral and innate immune dysfunction have been reported in HSAN IV but our case is the first report of autoimmune findings in the disorder. Screening for immune dysfunction in HSAN type IV will prevent fatal complications of the disease. Disclosure: Dr. Varma-Doyle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mcbride has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marble has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tilton has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Ipsen Pharma. Dr. Tilton has received research support from Ipsen Pharma.
Exploring Mathematics of the Sociopolitical Through Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a College Algebra Course at a Historically Black College/University

In collegiate mathematics, college algebra continues to be a barrier to graduation for students (specifically non-science, mathematics, engineering, and science majors). Each year, nearly half of enrolled students struggle to “pass” this course with a grade of C or better (Herriott, 2006). Using innovative constructed lessons geared towards African American students, this research study was designed to investigate the effects of a sequence of such lessons grounded in the principles of culturally relevant pedagogy on students enrolled in an introductory college algebra course at a historically Black college/university. Using critical race theory as a lens, along with culturally relevant pedagogy, this study explored students’ abilities to apply mathematics to address contentious and present-day sociopolitical problems through eight in-depth semi-structure student interviews. Further, findings also suggest the need for collegiate mathematics instruction to have more emphasis on cultural components to build students’ sociopolitical consciousnesses, because this is integral in helping students be able to think critically and use mathematics in their everyday lives. Students in this experimental course were able to discuss difficult issues, such as the pervasiveness of racism in America (DeCuir & Dixson, 2004) and the importance of cultural identity for African American students (Martin, 2009).
An Analysis of the 1984 Withholding Requirements Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act: Are New Methods of Handling U.S. Real Estate Transactions on the Horizon

In 1984, Congress enacted a withholding system to sene as the enforcement mechanism for the collection of taxes under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act. Although promulgated as a response to widespread dissatisfaction with the initial reporting system, the ithholding scheme soon proved equally unsatisfacto'y. This C(omient argues that on a disposition of U.S. real property b a foreign investor, the withholding obligation should be based on gain recognized rather than on amount reali:ed. If this proposal is accepted, the two principal inequities created under the present withholding system insuffictent cash to meet the withholding obligation and excess withholding - will be eliminated, and the congressional goal of capital gains taxation of foreigners will be preserved.
Soluble METCAM/MUC18 blocks angiogenesis during the in vivo tumor formation of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 252 Background. Human METCAM / MUC18 is a key determinant in increasing tumor-take and tumorigenesis and initiating metastasis of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells (a review by Wu, Current Genomics, 2005, 6, 333-349). To study the mechanisms, in this report we further study the effect of enforced expression of truncated human METCAM / MUC18 proteins, in which the cytoplasmic tail or both the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domain were deleted, on tumor-take and tumorigenesis of LNCaP cells. Methods. The wild type and/or truncated human METCAM/MUC18-expressing LNCaP cells were subcutaneously co-injected with Matrigel to nude mice, and effects of expressing different forms of human METCAM/MUC18 on angiogenesis and tumor formation compared. The effect of expressing different forms of METCAM/MUC18 in LNCaP cells on the level of VEGF protein and the micro-vessel density in the in vivo tumors were determined. Results. LNCaP clones/cells overly expressing the wild type or various cytoplasmic tail-deleted METCAM/MUC18 proteins had a higher tumor-take rate (80-100%) than the cells expressing vectors (50%). LNCaP clones/cells that overly expressed the cytoplasmic tail-deleted METCAM/MUC18 proteins appeared to have larger tumors than those that overly expressed the wild type protein. The tumors formed by the LNCaP clones/cells that overly expressed a soluble METCAM/MUC18 protein, in which both the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domain were deleted, were not enriched with and not engulfed by massive blood vessels, whereas the tumors formed by the LNCaP cells that overly expressed the wild type or the cytoplasmic tail-deleted METCAM/MUC18 protein were enriched with and engulfed by massive blood vessels. Majority of the tumors formed by an equal mixture of the LNCaP cells, which expressed the wild type, and the cells, which expressed the soluble METCAM/MUC18, were not enriched with and not engulfed by massive blood vessels. The VEGF level and the micro-vessel density in the tumors formed by LNCaP clones/cells that overly expressed the wild type or the cytoplasmic tail-deleted METCAM/MUC18 proteins were at least 2 fold higher than those in the tumors formed by the LNCaP clone/cells that overly expressed a soluble METCAM/MUC18 protein. Conclusions. The ectodomain of the METCAM/MUC18 protein is necessary and sufficient, but the cytoplasmic tail is dispensable and may be inhibitory for angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells in nude mice. We suggest that human METCAM/MUC18 increases tumorigenesis and initiates metastasis of LNCaP cells by inducing vascularization inside and outside of tumors and hence mediates the hematogenous spread of tumor cells. We also suggest that peptides derived from human METCAM/MUC18 protein may be useful for blocking tumorigenesis and metastasis of human prostate cancer cells.
Application of Immunoblotting for Dietary Analysis

Information on trophic interactions within a community is important for answering questions concerning energy flow and the effects of predation on community structure. Conventional visual analysis of stomach contents is often complicated by the differential digestion of prey, mastication of prey, ingestion of only fluids from prey, and small sizes of both predators and prey. Serological methods have been utilized to alleviate some of these difficulties. In most cases polyspecific antisera produced against whole-organism extracts of suspected prey items have been utilized to detect prey antigens with immunoprecipitation techniques. Passive immunodiffusion tests have been utilized extensively because of their speed and relative simplicity (e.g., Young, 1980; Adams, 1981; Giles and Phillips, 1985; Feller, 1986). Increased sensitivity and specificity of serological analysis have been achieved by utilizing immunoelectrophoretic techniques (Healy and Cross, 1975; Grisley and Boyle, 1985). These immunoassays have proven adequate in situations for which the diversity of potential prey is low (so most serological cross-reactions can be accounted for) and for predators having a large quantity of stomach content material.
Lung Cancer Surgery

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Current estimates project over 222,000 new cases of lung cancer in the US alone in 2010, amounting to over 157,000 deaths. Despite a modest improvement in 5-year survival over the past three decades, deaths from lung cancer continue to exceed cancer deaths from all other sites. This chapter updates the role of surgical resection in the management of lung cancer. Among the topics reviewed are the diagnostic work-up and preoperative assessment of suitability for resection, open and video-assisted thoracoscopic operative strategies, and recent changes in both the lung cancer staging and histological classification systems. Indications for radiation therapy in selected patients with T3 tumors are also discussed.
Pitfalls in Measuring the Impact of File-Sharing

This paper surveys the extant literature on the impact of file-sharing. It begins by examining the theory behind the impact of file-sharing. One novelty from this analysis is the finding that the effect of 'sampling' of copyrighted materials can be expected to have a negative impact on copyright owners, quiet the opposite of the impact normally assumed. Overall, although one can create hypothetical situations where network effects might allow file-sharing to be beneficial to copyright owners, the expectation that file-sharing would harm copyright owners appears a far more realistic outcome. The analysis then turns to the empirical work that has been performed to date. The various approaches are critiqued and compared. Although much of this literature is preliminary, most of the conclusions are consistent with one another, although the results are not unanimous. I then posit some explanations for the variations in results and conclude that the evidence to date strongly suggests that file-sharing harms the sound recording industry.
Blood γδ T Cells and γδ TCR V Gene Specificities in a Single Missense Mutation (L→Q271) in the Common Gamma Chain Gene

The numbers of blood CD4+, CD8+, and CD4-CD8- T cells bearing alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR) or gammadelta TCR molecules in males with a single missense mutation (L-->Q271) in the common gamma chain gene (gamma(c)) were investigated by flow cytometry. Virtually all XCIDL-->Q271 blood T cells that were CD4+ or CD8+ displayed alphabeta TCR but no gammadelta TCR. In contrast, CD4-CD8- T cells from affected males usually displayed gammadelta TCR, but no alphabeta TCR. The gammadelta TCR specificities were also studied. Except for the oldest subject, there was a direct relationship between blood CD3+ T cells that displayed gammadelta TCR and Vgamma9 and Vdelta2a specificities. Relative frequencies of CD3+ blood T cells that were Vgamma9+ or Vdelta2a+ were inversely related to age. In the oldest patient, the only detected gammadelta TCR specificity was Vdelta1. Thus, in contrast to mice with no gamma(c), XCIDL-Q271 blood T cells that bear gammadelta TCR with Vgamma9/Vdelta2a specificities develop but then decline in late childhood and thereafter. TCR with the Vdelta1 specificity then appear in older survivors with XCIDL-->Q271.
Transrenal Antegrade Ureteral Occlusion: Clinical Assessment of Indications, Technique and Outcomes.

Purpose: We describe the indications, technique and outcome of transrenal antegrade ureteral occlusion.Materials and Methods: An institutional database was used to retrospectively identify patients who underwent image guided transrenal ureteral occlusion between December 1998 and March 2014. Platinum coils were deployed into the distal ureter or 4 to 5 cm proximal to the site of ureteral leak. Gelfoam® pledgets were injected in the ureter at the level of the coils. Additional coils were deployed to trap the pledgets in the distal ureter.Results: Between December 1998 and March 2014, 12 men and 12 women with a mean age of 69 years (range 45 to 87) underwent fluoroscopically guided, transrenal antegrade ureteral occlusion for intractable hematuria in 7 and urinary fistula in 17. A total of 39 ureteral units were occluded, including 3 on the right side, 6 on the left side and 30 that were bilateral. Ureteral occlusion was successful in 35 of 37 renal units (94.6%) as determined by post-procedure antegrade ne...
On optical mark-sense scanning

Optical mark-sense scanning has lead to a resurgence in the use of paper ballots in the United States, despite a century of strong competition from paperless direct-recording voting systems. By the time mark-sense technology emerged, procedural measures had been developed to counter most of the vulnerabilities of paper ballots. Automatic counting of paper ballots poses technical and legal problems, but by counting the paper ballots automatically in the presence of the voter, mark-sense systems address some of the remaining problems with paper ballots. The best current technology uses precinct-count optical scanners to capture pixelized images of each ballot and then process the marks on that image. While this technology may be among the best voting technologies available today for the conduct of complex general elections, it faces one significant problem, access to voters with disabilities. There are promising solutions to this problem, but work remains to be done.
Effect of pentachloronitrobenzene on quality of potatoes

Palatability and composition of potatoes grown in soil treated with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) at 30 and 50 lbs per acre were studied. Potatoes were investigated as received and after storage at various times and temperatures
Distinct subdomains of the KCNQ1 S6 segment determine channel modulation by different KCNE subunits.

Modulation of voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels by the KCNE family of single transmembrane proteins has physiological and pathophysiological importance. All five KCNE proteins (KCNE1–KCNE5) have been demonstrated to modulate heterologously expressed KCNQ1 (KV7.1) with diverse effects, making this channel a valuable experimental platform for elucidating structure–function relationships and mechanistic differences among members of this intriguing group of accessory subunits. Here, we specifically investigated the determinants of KCNQ1 inhibition by KCNE4, the least well-studied KCNE protein. In CHO-K1 cells, KCNQ1, but not KCNQ4, is strongly inhibited by coexpression with KCNE4. By studying KCNQ1-KCNQ4 chimeras, we identified two adjacent residues (K326 and T327) within the extracellular end of the KCNQ1 S6 segment that determine inhibition of KCNQ1 by KCNE4. This dipeptide motif is distinct from neighboring S6 sequences that enable modulation by KCNE1 and KCNE3. Conversely, S6 mutations (S338C and F340C) that alter KCNE1 and KCNE3 effects on KCNQ1 do not abrogate KCNE4 inhibition. Further, KCNQ1-KCNQ4 chimeras that exhibited resistance to the inhibitory effects of KCNE4 still interact biochemically with this protein, implying that accessory subunit binding alone is not sufficient for channel modulation. These observations indicate that the diverse functional effects observed for KCNE proteins depend, in part, on structures intrinsic to the pore-forming subunit, and that distinct S6 subdomains determine KCNQ1 responses to KCNE1, KCNE3, and KCNE4.