cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional dissonance in organizations: conceptualizing the roles of self‐esteem and job‐induced tension

In the workplace, emotional dissonance is the conflict between emotions experienced by the employee and those required by the organization. Earlier studies have established that emotional dissonance reduces job satisfaction and exacerbates emotional exhaustion. Emotional dissonance typically occurs during interactions between employees and customers in service industries. As Western economies are dominated by service industries, emotional dissonance may result in rising numbers of dissatisfied and burned out employees. This study examined the process by which emotional dissonance operates, and the impact of self‐esteem on emotional dissonance. Emotional dissonance was found to induce job tension leading, in turn, to emotional exhaustion. Employees with innately low self‐esteem were more likely to experience emotional dissonance and suffer from emotional exhaustion. Other employees found that emotional dissonance reduced their self‐esteem leaving them dissatisfied.
A statistical tensile model of fibre reinforced cementitious composites

Abstract A statistical model has been developed to predict the tensile constitutive relationship of frc from fibre and matrix properties and geometries. This tensile relation for frc is also used to predict the load-deformation relations for the compact tension test and the flexural test configurations. Theoretical load-deformation relations of frc were compared with results from these tests and good qualitative agreement was obtained for different frc . There still exists a difference between the magnitudes of the theoretical and the experimental data. Possible sources of this discrepancy are discussed as a basis for ongoing theoretical and experimental studies aimed at reducing this discrepancy.
Projected Reorganization of Florida Bay Seagrass Communities in Response to the Increased Freshwater Inflow of Everglades Restoration

Historic changes in water-use management in the Florida Everglades have caused the quantity of freshwater inflow to Florida Bay to decline by approximately 60% while altering its timing and spatial distribution. Two consequences have been (1) increased salinity throughout the bay, including occurrences of hypersalinity, coupled with a decrease in salinity variability, and (2) change in benthic habitat structure. Restoration goals have been proposed to return the salinity climates (salinity and its variability) of Florida Bay to more estuarine conditions through changes in upstream water management, thereby returning seagrass species cover to a more historic state. To assess the potential for meeting those goals, we used two modeling approaches and long-term monitoring data. First, we applied the hydrological mass balance model FATHOM to predict salinity climate changes in sub-basins throughout the bay in response to a broad range of freshwater inflow from the Everglades. Second, because seagrass species exhibit different sensitivities to salinity climates, we used the FATHOM-modeled salinity climates as input to a statistical discriminant function model that associates eight seagrass community types with water quality variables including salinity, salinity variability, total organic carbon, total phosphorus, nitrate, and ammonium, as well as sediment depth and light reaching the benthos. Salinity climates in the western sub-basins bordering the Gulf of Mexico were insensitive to even the largest (5-fold) modeled increases in freshwater inflow. However, the north, northeastern, and eastern sub-basins were highly sensitive to freshwater inflow and responded to comparatively small increases with decreased salinity and increased salinity variability. The discriminant function model predicted increased occurrences of Halodule wrightii communities and decreased occurrences of Thalassia testudinum communities in response to the more estuarine salinity climates. The shift in community composition represents a return to the historically observed state and suggests that restoration goals for Florida Bay can be achieved through restoration of freshwater inflow from the Everglades.
Insurance Status Is Associated with Treatment Allocation and Outcomes after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a particularly devastating type of stroke which is responsible for one third of all stroke-related years of potential life lost before age 65. Surgical treatment has been shown to decrease both morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage. We hypothesized that payer status other than private insurance is associated with lower allocation to surgical treatment for patients with SAH and worse outcomes. Design We examined the association between insurance type and surgical treatment allocation and outcomes for patients with SAH while adjusting for a wide range of patient and hospital factors. We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospital discharge database using survey procedures to produce weighted estimates representative of the United States population. Patients We studied 21047 discharges, representing a weighted estimate of 102595 patients age 18 and above with a discharge diagnosis of SAH between 2003 and 2008. Measurements Multivariable logistic and generalized linear regression analyses were used to assess for any associations between insurance status and surgery allocation and outcomes. Main results Despite the benefits of surgery 66% of SAH patients did not undergo surgical treatment to prevent rebleeding. Mortality was more than twice as likely for patients with no surgical treatment compared to those who received surgery. Medicare patients were significantly less likely to receive surgical treatment. Conclusions Nearly two thirds of patients with SAH don't receive operative care, and Medicare patients were significantly less likely to receive surgical treatment than other patients. Bias against the elderly and those with chronic illness and disability may play a part in these findings. A system of regionalized care for patients presenting with SAH may reduce disparities and improve appropriate allocation to surgical care and deserves prospective study.
Aspirations and Desires: Women's Education and Fertility Strategies in Contemporary Japan

This study examines the varying influence of education on contemporary Japanese fertility. It is based on 179 questionnaires completed by married workingwomen, 52 of whom were subsequently interviewed. Quantitative data show that compared to less educated women, highly educated women are not only associated with a later onset of parenthood, delayed subsequent births, and longer working hours, but they are also more likely to live close to their mothers, a tendency referred to as "uxori-proximity." These quantitative results are interpreted with qualitative data that examine the working environments of study participants, spousal domestic involvement, and access to childcare. One interesting finding is that the practice of uxori-proximity by more educated women is an effective means for achieving family and professional ambitions.
Closure of Residual Shunts after Fontan Operation with Amplatzer Occluder

The fenestrated Fontan operation is commonly performed at several centers to decrease postoperative morbidity. Ultimately, the fenestrations are closed to avoid desaturation and embolism. Closure is safely accomplished in the operating room or in the catheterization laboratory with a device. We report our experience with the Amplatzer septal occluder that was successfully used to close residual shunts and fenestrations in two patients.
Sometimes Nothing Succeeds like Success: Reactions to Success and Failure in Sex-Linked Occupations

Males and females read descriptions of a male or female worker who succeeded or failed as a manager or secretary. Subjects responded with impressions of the worker, causal attributions for his/her success or failure, and evaluations of the likelihood of a number of positive and negative consequences for the worker. Based upon earlier work, a generalized third-order interaction between worker sex, occupation, and outcome was hypothesized. In contrast to this hypothesis, highly consistent and powerful main effects of outcome were found on all three types of dependent measures. Briefly, successful workers were viewed more positively and expected to experience more positive consequences than those who failed, regardless of their sex or occupation. In addition, success was attributed more to ability and effort and less to the job itself than was failure. The discussion centers on conditions that might limit the effects of sex-role stereotyping on observer reactions to success and failure.
Evaluation of the types of emission systems observed in aqueous media with controlled‐release formulations

Three types of release systems have been observed for controlled release formulations (CRF) of biocides in aqueous media. A type I system, which is concentration dependent, can be divided into a IA system whose concentration maximum is dependent upon sample size and degradation, and a IB system whose concentration is dependent upon the solubility of the biocide in the solvent. A type II system, which is time dependent, can be divided into a IIA system whose release rate is dependent upon t1/2 and a IIB system whose emission is zero order or dependent only upon time. A type III system, which is a failure system, can be divided into a IIIA system whose concentration decreases to a nondetectable range as a function of t1/2 and a IIIB system whose decreasing concentration is first order. Equations relating the theoretical life of the CRF to its bioactive life are also presented.
The Role of p53 in Ribosomopathies

Impaired ribosome biogenesis is the underlying cause of the pathological conditions collectively known as ribosomopathies. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the mechanisms by which deficiencies in ribosome biogenesis interfere with developmental processes leading eventually to the emergence of these diseases. In recent years it has become clear that perturbation of this process triggers a cell-cycle checkpoint that, through activation of the tumor-suppressor p53, leads to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Indeed, evidence is accumulating from studies in animal models that the unscheduled activation of p53 is responsible for perturbations in tissue homeostasis that cause the development of ribosomopathies such as Treacher-Collins syndrome (TCS) and 5q(-) syndrome. These findings imply that inhibition of p53, or better, of mechanisms that specifically lead to p53 activation in response to inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, could be targeted in the treatment of ribosomopathies where activation of p53 is shown to play a pathogenic role.
New solid ionic conductors

A new class of solid Li+ ionic conductors has been found, related to the compound LiZr2(PO4)3. Solid solutions of the type Li1−xZr2−xTax(PO4)3 and Li1−xHf2−xTax(PO4)3 have conductivities of about 10−3ohm−1 cm−1 at 200°C, which are relatively independent of composition. These systems are compared with the recently discovered class of Na+ conductors Na1+xZr2P3−xSixO12. Other solid solutions are also discussed.
PS1-04: Change in Adherence to Antiretrovirals After Initial Use of an Electronic Shared Medical Record Among HIV-infected Individuals

Background/AimsPatient web sites with shared medical records (SMR) allow patients to communicate with providers, view results of medical tests, refill prescriptions, and schedule appointments. We aimed to determine whether use of the SMR changed adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected individuals.MethodsWe identified all HIV-infected adults who used the SMR one or more times within two years of initial rollout in two large integrated healthcare systems: Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Group Health Cooperative. The study population included enrollees with continuous membership during a 30-month period spanning 12 months prior to initial SMR use to 18 months after initial SMR use. The primary outcome was change in ART refill adherence comparing the 12-month period prior to initial SMR use with the 12-month period starting 6 months after initial SMR use to allow for SMR adoption; differences over time were evaluated by paired t-test. Next, using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and health plan, we compared changes in adherence for users followed for at least 36 months after SMR rollout with changes for age- and sex-matched non-users over the same time span; non-users were assigned a random reference date. Finally, among users, we evaluated whether age, sex, race/ethnicity, HIV risk, health plan and an AIDS diagnosis influenced changes in adherence.ResultsWe identified 1,663 HIV-infected SMR users during follow-up, including 1,475 users with 36 months follow-up after roll-out; 1,036 individuals who did not use the SMR during 36 months post rollout were also identified. Among users, mean adherence did not change before (90.4%) and after (90.2%) SMR use (P=0.52). In contrast, among non-users, mean adherence declined over time by 2% from 88% to 86% (P=0.001 compared with users). Among users, only sex of all factors evaluated was associated with changes in adherence with an increase of 2.5% for women and decrease of 0.4% for men (P=0.033).DiscussionSMR users maintained adherence while non-users had small declines over time. Future studies should focus on amount of SMR use, longer-term effects, and identify additional subsets of patients that may particularly benefit from the enhanced access provided by SMR services.
Immune Response in the Sea Urchin Lytechinus pictus

The sea urchin shows an immune response to grafted tissue similar to that found in vertebrates. Unrelated animals rejected allografts in about 30 days. Acceptance of allografts was observed for tissue exchanged between some F2 and F3 inbred animals. The percentage of acceptances reflected the degree of inbreeding. Accelerated second set rejection was also found. These grafts were rejected in one-third of the time compared to first sets.
Growth of nickel dichalcogenides crystals with pyrite structure from tellurium melts [NiS2, NiS2−xSex (x ≤ 0.7)]

Abstract Single crystals of NiS2 and the NiS2−xSex (x ≤ 0.7) solid solutions with the pyrite crystal structure were grown by Te-flux methods (slow cooling and temperature gradient methods). The size of the single crystals obtained is comparable to those grown by chemical vapor transport method, up to 5–6 mm on an edge. No Te inclusion was detected. The lattice parameters of the crystals were determined from least-square refinement of their powder x-ray diffraction pattern.
Discovering frequent work procedures from resource connections

Intelligent desktop assistants could provide more help for users if they could learn models of the users' workflows. However, discovering desktop workflows is difficult because they unfold over extended periods of time (days or weeks) and they are interleaved with many other workflows because of user multi-tasking. This paper describes an approach to discovering desktop workflows based on rich instrumentation of information flow actions such as copy/paste, SaveAs, file copy, attach file to email message, and save attachment. These actions allow us to construct a graph whose nodes are files, email messages, and web pages and whose edges are these information flow actions. A class of workflows that we call work procedures can be discovered by applying graph mining algorithms to find frequent subgraphs. This paper describes an algorithm for mining frequent closed connected subgraphs and then describes the results of applying this method to data collected from a group of real users.
Regulation of meiotic gene expression in plants

With the recent advances in genomics and sequencing technologies, databases of transcriptomes representing many cellular processes have been built. Meiotic transcriptomes in plants have been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), petunia (Petunia hybrida), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and maize (Zea mays). Studies in all organisms, but particularly in plants, indicate that a very large number of genes are expressed during meiosis, though relatively few of them seem to be required for the completion of meiosis. In this review, we focus on gene expression at the RNA level and analyze the meiotic transcriptome datasets and explore expression patterns of known meiotic genes to elucidate how gene expression could be regulated during meiosis. We also discuss mechanisms, such as chromatin organization and non-coding RNAs, that might be involved in the regulation of meiotic transcription patterns.
The effect of college curriculum on earnings: An affinity identifier for non-ignorable non-response bias

Abstract We link information on graduates from many cohorts to their high-school and college records and demographics to infer the impact of college major on earnings. We develop an estimator to handle potential non-response bias and identify non-response using an affinity measure—the potential respondent’s link to the survey organization. This technique is generally applicable for adjusting for unit non-response. In the earnings model estimated using the identified (for non-response bias) selectivity adjustments, adjusted earnings differentials across college majors are below half as large as unadjusted differentials and ten percent smaller than those that do not account for selective non-response.
Isolation and functional studies on feline bone marrow derived macrophages.

Abstract In this report, we describe an in vitro culture method for feline bone marrow cells, which yields large numbers of quiescent macrophages after 14 days of culture. The bulk of the cultured cell population consists of macrophages as assessed by morphology, macrophage specific cytochemistry, and phagocytosis. The remaining cells were lymphocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts and occasional polymorphonuclear leukocytes. While resting cells produced no detectable interleukin 1, stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the production of biologically active interleukin 1. After 6 h LPS stimulation, mRNA for tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β was detectable. The absence of mRNA in unstimulated cells indicates cultured macrophages were not activated until stimulated by LPS or plastic adherence. This approach provides a useful means to measure potential modulatory effects by virus infections or other agents upon feline macrophage gene expression.
AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING THE NEED FOR VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNTS AFTER POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMOR SURGERY IN CHILDREN

The authors retrospectively reviewed 117 pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors treated at The Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, between 1976 and 1990, in an attempt to determine what perioperative and intraoperative factors influenced the need for postoperative shunts. The ages of the patient population ranged from 4 months to 16 years 9 months. The factors evaluated included age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms, extent of hydrocephalus, tumor location, extent of tumor resection, presence and duration of an external ventricular drain, flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the fourth ventricle after tumor resection, presence of hemostatic cavity linings, method of dural closure, tumor type, CSF infection, CSF leak, and pseudomeningocele formation. Of these variables, young age at diagnosis, tumors affecting midline structures, subtotal tumor resection as determined by immediate postoperative scans, prolonged requirement of an external ventricular drain, cadaveric dural grafts, pseudomeningocele formation, and CSF infections were statistically significant factors associated with the need for postoperative shunt placement, which was required in 36% of all patients. Therefore, considering the pertinent factors that may influence the need for postoperative shunt placement, a radical tumor resection should be done when possible, especially for midline lesions, and closure of the operative wound should be meticulous to avoid a CSF leak and subsequent infection. Foreign body dural substitutes as a cause of an inflammatory response in the CSF should also be avoided. Persistence of a pseudomeningocele despite serial taps and time will eventually require placement of a shunt after posterior fossa tumor surgery.
The bizarreness effect: evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes

People show better memory for bizarre sentences relative to common sentences, a finding referred to as the bizarrness effect. Interestingly, this effect is typically only obtained using a mixed-list design, in which participants study common and bizarre sentences in the same list. This bizarreness effect in mixed-list designs has been explained as the result of both enhanced encoding processes and efficient retrieval processes. The present experiment was designed to isolate the unique contributions of the retrieval context to the bizarreness effect. Participants studied common sentences in one room under one set of instructions, and bizarre sentences in another room under another set of instructions. At test, participants recalled the common and bizarre sentences either together or separately. The results showed that the bizarreness effect was only obtained when participants recalled the common and bizarre items together; no bizarreness advantage emerged when participants were required to recall the common and bizarre items separately. These results suggest that differential encoding processes are not necessary for explaining the bizarreness effect in memory. Rather, retrieval of the mixed-list context appears to be critical for obtaining the effect.
DMPA: battered and bruised but still needed and used in the USA

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; Depo-Provera®, Merck & Co., Inc., NJ, USA) is a very safe and effective method of birth control that can be used by virtually every woman. However, DMPA has not achieved its full potential for pregnancy protection. With correct and consistent use, the first-year pregnancy rate should be 0.3%, but in typical use, the first-year pregnancy rate is 7.4%. This gap is due to interrupted use and high discontinuation rates. Responding to patient complaints of side effects and adopting new practice protocols that enhance prompt access to DMPA may improve continuation rates and lower failure rates. Newer information about the long-term safety of DMPA on bone health and sexually transmitted disease risk may encourage more clinicians to more enthusiastically support the use of DMPA, particularly among women who would benefit from its noncontraceptive health applications.
Raman spectrum of propylene carbonate

Abstract The Raman spectrum of propylene carbonate (4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) has been recorded and analyzed. Vibrational assignments have been made for many of the observed frequencies on the basis of comparison with accepted assignments for certain vibrational modes in other compounds with close structural similarities. The spectra of propylene carbonate (PC)-water mixtures have been studied over the entire concentration range at 80° and there seems to be little or no interaction except for partial disruption of hydrogen bonding in water by PC. Raman spectra of solutions of LiClO4 in PC and in PCH2O mixtures indicate possible salvation of the Li+ ion.
A statistical method for correlating tRNA sequence with amino acid specificity.

Abstract A statistical method for finding the nucleotide positions in tRNA sequences that correlate with amino acid specificity has been developed. The procedure involves finding the subset of nucleotide positions and groups of positions where the marginal density of one amino acid tRNA class does not overlap that of any other amino acid class. The procedure is an application of a statistical method known as the Expectation Maximization algorithm.
Radio science with voyager 2 at saturn: atmosphere and ionosphere and the masses of mimas, tethys, and iapetus.

Results of Voyager 2 radio occultation studies of the atmosphere and ionosphere of Saturn and radio tracking determinations of the masses of Mimas, Tethys, and Iapetus are presented. Measurement of received signal frequency for signals of 3.6 and 13 cm wavelength during Voyager occultation immersion at 36.5 deg N and emmersion at 31 deg S reveal atmospheric temperatures of 143 K at the 1.2 bar level, falling to 82 K at the tropopause at about 70 mbar and rising to about 140 K at the tropopause at about 70 mbar and rising to about 140 K at the 1-mbar pressure level in the stratosphere. Peak electron concentrations of 17,000 and 6400/cu cm are found in the predawn and late afternoon locations, respectively, with topside plasma scale heights of 260-1100 km and 1000 km. Direct measurements of the masses of Tethys and Iapetus yield values of 7.55 and 18.8 x 10 to the 20th kg respectively, and an implied mass of 0.455 x 10 to the 20 kg for Mimas. Results suggest that satellite density tends to decrease with increasing orbital radius, and imply that the intermediate-sized satellites of Saturn may represent objects with differing relative amounts of water, ammonia and methane ices. The apparent low density of Iapetus may then be explained by a large hydrocarbon content.
Monte Carlo studies of the finite three-dimensional XY-model helicity modulus.

A new logarithmic term in the finite-size helicity modulus has been predicted recently for the three-dimensional classical {ital XY}-model universality class under nonperiodic boundary conditions. These theoretical ideas have important implications for the analysis of superfluid-density measurements in confined geometries. We present numerical results from Monte Carlo simulations of the helicity modulus for the three-dimensional classical {ital XY} model on a finite simple-cubic lattice, with pinned-surface-spin boundary conditions. Our data are consistent with the presence of an additional logarithmic term and an estimate for the amplitude is given.
Valence band x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether‐ether ketone)

Poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether-ether ketone) are characterized by valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band region appears to be resolved into six regions. Peak assignments were made by comparing the observed spectra with simulations from extended Huckel type band calculations. Results of the band calculations agreed fairly well with the experimental data.
Peyronie's Disease Intervention Trials: Methodological Challenges and Issues

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's Disease (PD) has been studied for more than 260 years since Francois de la Peyronie's description in 1743. Based on the current literature, the prevalence of PD seems 3-9% with an average age of onset in the fifth life decade. Much effort has been spent on developing nonsurgical treatment options to cure or at least prevent disease progression. AIM: The recent examination of drug trials for erectile dysfunction has led us to assess PD trial methodology more closely. METHODS: An Iinternet search on PubMed was performed using MeSH words PD, clinical trials, oral, transdermal, intralesional and shock wave therapy focusing on 26 representing studies published over the last 15 years. Mean Outcome Measures. A comprehensive review of the current literature on nonsurgical treatment options for PD was conducted to address methodological issues and challenges in PD trials highlighting trial design, patient population, and symptom and sign assessment. RESULTS: The majority of the reviewed studies are underpowered and the heterogeneity in the methodological approach and patient assessment between the studies is one of the remarkable findings from our review. Studies should use a uniform means of defining the degree and type of penile deformity and a large enough cohort of patients should be studied for adequate study power. An ideally designed PD intervention trial should comprise: (i) a randomized, placebo-controlled design; (ii) with a PD patient set representative of the general PD population; and (iii) a comprehensive symptom and sign assessment before and at the end of treatment which includes an assessment of at least deformity, pain, and sexual function. CONCLUSION: A number of challenges exist for the design of PD intervention trials and deciphering the data generated from them. The field would benefit greatly from a consensus statement or guidelines development on the design and conduct of such trials.
Mushroom Poisoning in North America

Americans remain a very mycophobic people, although in the last 30 years popular mushroom identifi cation fi eld guides, a journal for amateurs (Mushroom: Th e Journal ), and more than 64 mushroom clubs have led to a growing number of mushroom enthusiasts. In the Northwest, commercial mushroom picking has become economically important, with many pickers out gathering in the wild, sometimes with little or no knowledge of mushroom identifi cation or mushroom ecology. All of this occurs with relatively few cases of mushroom poisoning, although a parent fi nding a child with half a mushroom dangling from his mouth
210Po and 210Pb distributions in ocean water profiles from the Eastern South Pacific

Two ocean profiles from the Peru Basin from regions with different surface productivities were analyzed for total210Pb and201Po to evaluate the influence of particulates in the water column on their distribution. Comparison with a published226Ra profile for the region was made. The profile closest to the coast, where upwelling and productivity are high, shows depletion of210Pb relative to226Ra at all depths, with particularly marked excursions from radioactive equilibrium at the surface and in the bottom water.210Po appears to be deficient relative to210Pb at depth as well. Mean residence times in the deep water, relative to particulate removal from the water column to the sediments, of about 100 years for210Pb and about two years for210Po are indicated. The profile northwest of the upwelling region shows the226Ra210Pb210Po system close to equilibrium at all depths to 1500 m (except for the effect of atmospheric210Pb input seen at the surface.
Coherent and diffusional motion of a chemisorbed atom

Abstract Experiments indicate that there are two extreme types of motion of an atom on a solid surface. One is characterized by an average velocity and has a mean square displacement proportion to the square of the time (we call this coherent). The other (called purely diffusional) is characterized by a diffusion coefficient and has a mean square displacement proportional to time. We present a simple stochastic model to explain the microscopic origin of these two extreme types of motion. In the case in which both types of motion coexist, the motion becomes diffusional for times longer than an intrinsic time depending on the intensity of the thermal fluctuations of the atom—lattice coupling.
Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers With Chiral Smectic C* Mesogens

A new series of side chain liquid crystalline-amorphous diblock copolymers has been successfully synthesized using chiral mesogens. Anionic polymerization techniques have been used to make these monodisperse diblock materials. Preliminary studies suggest that these microphase segregated diblock copolymers exhibit a smectic C* phase. This mesophase exists between and above the glass transition temperatures of the two polymer blocks. Synthesis and characterization of these novel materials are discussed.
Parental intervention in the treatment of chronic constipation

Abstract Chronic constipation was successfully eliminated in a 3-yr-old girl through a regimen combining behavioral and medical treatments. The onset of constipation was at birth. The procedures entailed use of mineral oil to produce reflex defecation concurrent with a token economy established by the parents in the home. After symptom remission, the behavioral- medical interventions were systematically faded. At 39-, 67-, and 93-week follow ups there was no recurrence of constipation and no symptom substitution.
Configurational and Conformational Effects on Tin-Lithium Exchange in α-Aminoorganostannanes by Rapid-Injection NMR

The kinetics of tin−lithium exchange in heterocyclic α-aminoorganostannanes have been studied using 119Sn rapid-injection NMR. By comparison of the observed relative rate constants, the effects of ring size, configuration, and conformation can be discerned. Stannylpyrrolidines transmetalate extremely rapidly, whereas the rate of transmetalation of stannylpiperidines varies from negligible transmetalation to rapid transmetalation. The evidence suggests that only one conformation of N-methyl-2-(tributylstannyl)piperidine transmetalates. N-Boc stannyl piperidines transmetalate at rates that vary somewhat, due in part to conformational effects.
Effect of weather on attendance with injury at a paediatric emergency department

Methods: The maximum daily temperature and weather conditions (rain/cloud/sun) were noted over a three month period in spring/summer 2002, together with the number of children attending with new injuries or trauma. Results: There was a direct association between trauma attendance and clement weather with higher attendances on dry and sunny days. There was a less obvious association between maximum daily temperature and attendance. Conclusions: These findings confirm the anecdotal belief that warm sunny weather results in a higher attendance of paediatric injuries.
Electrotactile stimuli delivered across fingertips inducing the Cutaneous Rabbit Effect.

Previous studies have been unable to induce the Cutaneous Rabbit Effect (CRE) when the most likely perceived location of the illusory stimulus is on a non-continuous skin area. To determine whether the CRE could be elicited when each of the delivered stimuli were on non-continuous skin areas, we developed a new electrotactile stimulation paradigm attempting to induce the CRE across the fingertips. Though our stimulation paradigm differed from classic reduced CRE paradigms through the use of electrotactile stimuli, focusing the subject attention to a ‘likely’ illusory site, and the inclusion of a fourth stimulation site (two stimuli after the illusory stimulus), these factors were not the cause of the illusory effect we observed. Experiments conducted on the forearm validated that our paradigm elicited similar results to those reported in previous CRE studies that used either 3-stimulation-point mechanical or electrotactile stimuli with subject attention focused on the ‘likely’ illusory site. Across the fingertips, we observed an increase in stimulus mislocalization onto the middle fingertip, the ‘likely’ perceived location of the illusory stimuli, under Illusory Rabbit Trains compared to the Motion Bias Trains. Because the Motion Bias Trains should not induce a perceived location shift of the illusory stimulus but stimulates the adjacent digits in a similar way to the Illusory Rabbit Trains, differences observed between their mislocalization rates between these trains indicate that the CRE can be induced across the fingertips. These results provide the first evidence that the CRE can ‘jump’ when the stimuli occur across non-continuous skin areas.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Testosterone Enanthate Plus Dutasteride for 4 Weeks in Normal Men: Implications for Male Hormonal Contraception

Oral administration of testosterone enanthate (TE) and dutasteride increases serum testosterone and might be useful for male hormonal contraception. To ascertain the contraceptive potential of oral TE and dutasteride by determining the degree of gonadotropin suppression mediated by 4 weeks of oral TE plus dutasteride, 20 healthy young men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of either 400 mg oral TE twice daily or 800 mg oral TE once daily in a double-blinded, controlled fashion at a single site. All men received 0.5 mg dutasteride daily. Blood for measurement of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, dihydrotesterone (DHT), and estradiol was obtained prior to treatment, weekly during treatment, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, and 24 hours after the morning dose on the last day of treatment. FSH was significantly suppressed throughout treatment with 800 mg TE once daily and after 4 weeks of treatment with 400 mg TE twice daily. LH was significantly suppressed after 2 weeks of treatment with 800 mg TE, but not with 400 mg TE. Serum DHT was suppressed and serum estradiol increased during treatment in both groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was suppresed during treatment, but liver function tests, hematocrit, creatinine, mood, and sexual function were unaffected. The administration of 800 mg oral TE daily combined with dutasteride for 28 days significantly suppresses gonadotropins without untoward side effects and might have utility as part of a male hormonal contraceptive regimen.
Adolescence: vulnerable period for stress-induced prefrontal cortical function? Introduction to part IV.

: Exposure to even mild uncontrollable stress impairs the cognitive functioning of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region critical for insight, judgment, and the inhibition of inappropriate behaviors. Several neurobiological factors may contribute to an exaggeration of the stress response in adolescence, for example, an increased dopaminergic projection to prefrontal cortex, and in females, increased circulating estrogen, as estrogen amplifies many aspects of the stress response and lowers the threshold for stress-induced prefrontal cortical dysfunction. These neurobiological factors may increase susceptibility to impaired judgment, drug addiction, and neuropsychiatric disorders during adolescence.
Cloud Color and Ocean Radiant Heating

It is well recognized that clouds regulate the flux of solar radiation reaching the sea surface. Clouds also affect the spectral distribution of incident irradiance. Observations of spectral and total incident solar irradiance made from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean are used to investigate the ‘‘color’’ of clouds and to evaluate its role in upper-ocean radiant heating. Under a cloudy sky, values of the near-ultraviolet to green spectral irradiance are a significantly larger fraction of their clear-sky flux than are corresponding clear-sky fractions calculated for the total solar flux. For example, when the total solar flux is reduced by clouds to one-half of that for a clear sky, the near-ultraviolet spectral flux is only reduced ;35% from its clear-sky value. An empirical parameterization of the spectral cloud index is developed from field observations and is verified using a planeparallel, cloudy-sky radiative transfer model. The implications of cloud color on the determination of ocean radiant heating rates and solar radiation transmission are assessed using both model results and field determinations. The radiant heating rate of the upper 10 cm of the ocean (normalized to the climatological incident solar flux) may be reduced by a factor of 2 in the presence of clouds. This occurs because the near-infrared wavelengths of solar radiation, which are preferentially attenuated by clouds, are absorbed within the upper 10 cm or so of the ocean while the near-ultraviolet and blue spectral bands propagate farther within the water column. The transmission of the solar radiative flux to depth is found to increase under a cloudy sky. The results of this study strongly indicate that clouds must be included in the specification of ocean radiant heating rates for air‐sea interaction studies.
Modeling nondisclosure in terms of the subject-instruction stream

A formal definition is given of nondisclosure for a computing system and the author describes a functional decomposition of the system into two kinds of activities, namely, the selection and execution of subject instructions. Security requirements for each of the two resulting subsystems are given, and it is proved that, if each subsystem satisfies its security requirements, then the entire system satisfies the given nondisclosure property. Finally, in order to show how security can be enforced by the system, an access-control model is given for subject-instruction processing that guarantees satisfaction of the given security requirements for subject-instruction processing. >
Crack Branching in Ceramic Disks Subjected to Biaxial Flexure

Fracture stresses in soda-lime glass, a glass-ceramic, and an alumina ceramic tested in biaxial flexure correlated with the crack lengths prior to branching. The resultant branching constant for the glass agreed closely with the mirror-mist boundary constant, and evidence indicated agreement between the branching constants and the inner-mirror boundary constants for the polycrystalline materials. The ratio of the branching constant to the critical stress intensity factor was much smaller for the polycrystalline materials than for the glass. The crack-branching measurements also indicated the presence of a compressive residual stress as Sociated with the ground sufaces of the specimens.
Enhanced liver regeneration following changes induced by hepatocyte-specific genetic ablation of integrin-linked kinase

Following liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, liver grows back precisely to its original mass and does not exceed it. The mechanism regulating this “hepatostat” is not clear and no exceptions have been found to date. While pathways initiating liver regeneration have been well studied, mechanisms involved in termination of liver regeneration are unclear. Here we report that Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) (involved in transmission of the extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling via integrin receptors) and/or hepatic adaptations that ensue following ILK hepatocyte-targeted removal, are critical for proper termination of liver regeneration. Following partial hepatectomy (PHX), mice with a liver-specific ILK ablation (ILK-KO-Liver) demonstrate a termination defect resulting in 58% larger liver than their original pre-PHX mass. This increase in post-PHX liver mass is due to sustained cell proliferation driven in part by increased signaling through HGF/Met, and β-catenin pathway and Hippo Kinase pathways. The data indicate that ECM-mediated signaling via ILK is essential in proper termination of liver regeneration. This is the first evidence of a defect leading to impaired termination of regeneration and excessive accumulation of liver weight following partial hepatectomy.
Nocturnal Light and Temperature Influences on Necrophagous, Carrion-Associating Blow Fly Species (Diptera:Calliphoridae) of Forensic Importance in Central Texas

The blow flies, Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) and Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), oviposited nocturnally on ground beef under artificial lighting of at least 1,500 footcandles at temperatures 26°C or higher during onsets of low-atmospheric pressure at study sites near Snook, Texas, during 2003. Nocturnal oviposition was replicated five times during 14 spring season experiments and three times during 14 summer season experiments conducted under similar conditions.
Bulging Subaortic Septum: An Important Risk Factor for Systolic Anterior Motion After Mitral Valve Repair

Background The purpose of this study is to determine etiologic factors of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve after repair. Methods We describe 6 patients with mitral valve repair (MVRep) for degenerative mitral valve disease and a bulging angulated subaortic septum that seemed a risk factor for SAM. Results No patient had a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis. All patients had an angulated septum (angle of long axis of left ventricle and aorta, >60°) with a discrete septal bulge (proximal septum, ≥1.5 cm with normal midseptal thickness). One patient had severe mitral regurgitation and became hypotensive intraoperatively, with a SAM. He had successful valve repair and septal myectomy. In 2 patients, the bulging septum was not appreciated preoperatively, and SAM developed postoperatively, causing symptomatic left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and recurrent mitral regurgitation. At reoperation, SAM and associated regurgitation were abolished with septal myectomy. In 2 patients undergoing mitral repair, bulging septum was identified preoperatively, and prophylactic septal myectomy was performed at valve repair. One patient was referred for valve replacement because of severe mitral regurgitation due to bileaflet prolapse and associated SAM. Doppler echocardiography showed minimal resting gradient. He had a prominent subaortic septum, and mitral regurgitation seemed due to organic valve disease and dynamic outflow obstruction. He received septal myectomy and mitral valve repair with resolution of SAM and mitral regurgitation. Conclusions Bulging subaortic septum may be a risk factor for SAM after mitral valve repair. Treatment should include septal myectomy with valvuloplasty.
Atrial tachycardia secondary to sino-atrial node reentry.

In one patient reprodncibk episodes of sMal tachyear- (200 msec, control; 70 msec, atropine) and sustained dia conld be elicited via programmed atrial premature atrial tachycardia no longer could be elicited. These dcpoluizations. Evllodion of the elechpphysiologic studies mpport the concept that hattial reciprocation shldks suggested that the most tikely mechanism was can be a mechanism responsible for atrial tacharrhythdm-athd miprocation. Intmvmom atropine prodnced mins in mau. a pronomced shortening of do-atrial conduction time n recent years a number of in vivo and in vitro I experimental studies have attempted to danfy the electrophysiologic characteristics of normal and abnormal sino-atrial node function.'-' Additional studies have been directed towards possible involvement of the sino-atrial node in paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythrmas and the effects of pathologic changes on sino-atrial node function."18 Most recently studies have been undertaken utilizing some of these techniques to defme more clearly the electrophysiologic properties of the sino-atrial node in man.lCIB Analysis of data obtained from some of these latter studies have suggested that some atrial tachyarrhythmias in man may be due to reentry between the sinus node and surrounding tissue."12,14 This report describes an electrophysiologic study in man which supports the concept of sino-atrial reentry as a cause of sustained atrial tachycardia
Constraints on short-selling and asset price adjustment to private information

This paper models effects of short-sale constraints on the speed of adjustment (to private information) of security prices. Constraints eliminate some informative trades, but do not bias prices upward. Prohibiting traders from shorting reduces the adjustment speed of prices to private information, especially to bad news. Non-prohibitive costs can have the reverse effect, but this is unlikely. Implications are developed about return distributions on information announcement dates. Periods of inactive trade are shown to impart a downward bias to measured returns. An unexpected increase in the short-interest of a stock is shown to be bad news.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of U Oxide at LLNL

In our laboratory at LLNL, an effort is underway to investigate the underlying complexity of 5f electronic structure with spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using chiral photonic excitation, i.e. Fano Spectroscopy. Our previous Fano measurements with Ce indicate the efficacy of this approach and theoretical calculations and spectral simulations suggest that Fano Spectroscopy may resolve the controversy concerning Pu electronic structure and electron correlation. To this end, we have constructed and commissioned a new Fano Spectrometer, testing it with the relativistic 5d system Pt. Here, our preliminary photoelectron spectra of the UO{sub 2} system are presented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to characterize a sample of UO{sub 2} grown on an underlying substrate of Uranium. Both AlK{alpha} (1487 eV) and MgK{alpha} (1254 eV) emission were utilized as the excitation. Using XPS and comparing to reference spectra, it has been shown that our sample is clearly UO{sub 2}.