cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communication: Active space decomposition with multiple sites: Density matrix renormalization group algorithm

We extend the active space decomposition method, recently developed by us, to more than two active sites using the density matrix renormalization group algorithm. The fragment wave functions are described by complete or restricted active-space wave functions. Numerical results are shown on a benzene pentamer and a perylene diimide trimer. It is found that the truncation errors in our method decrease almost exponentially with respect to the number of renormalization states M, allowing for numerically exact calculations (to a few μEh or less) with M = 128 in both cases. This rapid convergence is because the renormalization steps are used only for the interfragment electron correlation.
A facet-factorial approach towards the development and validation of a jazz rhythm section performance rating scale

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable rating scale to assess jazz rhythm sections in the context of jazz big band performance. The research questions that guided this study included: (a) what central factors contribute to the assessment of a jazz rhythm section? (b) what items should be used to describe and assess a jazz rhythm section performance? (c) how should the items be categorized? (d) what differences among jazz rhythm sections exist at three performance achievement levels? and (e) what criteria best predict group membership into three performance achievement levels? Items were gathered from research and literature related to the assessment, teaching, and general discussions related to the jazz rhythm section. Twenty-nine item statements were paired with a four-point Likert scale. One hundred and twenty-two responses were gathered from 41 volunteer raters. The results of the data were factor analyzed and yielded a two-factor structure including rhythmic support/drive and st...
Ten years of Nature Physics: Not trivial to realize

In 2009, two papers provided the first unambiguous examples of three-dimensional topological insulators — bulk insulators boasting metallic surface states with massless Dirac electrons. These now form just one of many classes of topological materials.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on Amorphous Nickel–Cobalt Binary Oxide Nanoporous Layers

Nanoporous Ni-Co binary oxide layers were electrochemically fabricated by deposition followed by anodization, which produced an amorphous layered structure that could act as an efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation. The highly porous morphologies produced higher electrochemically active surface areas, while the amorphous structure supplied abundant defect sites for oxygen evolution. These Ni-rich (10-40 atom % Co) binary oxides have an increased active surface area (roughness factor up to 17), reduced charge transfer resistance, lowered overpotential (∼325 mV) that produced a 10 mA cm(-2) current density, and a decreased Tafel slope (∼39 mV decade(-1)). The present technique has a wide range of applications for the preparation of other binary or multiple-metals or metal oxides nanoporous films. Fabrication of nanoporous materials using this method could provide products useful for renewable energy production and storage applications.
DFT+U Investigation of Propene Oxidation over Bismuth Molybdate: Active Sites, Reaction Intermediates, and the Role of Bismuth

The mechanism by which propene is selectively oxidized to acrolein over bismuth molybdate has been investigated using the DFT+U variant of density functional theory. In agreement with experiment, the kinetically relevant step is found to be the initial abstraction of hydrogen by lattice oxygen. Several candidate lattice oxygen sites have been examined, the most active of which is found to be a bismuth-perturbed molybdenyl Mo═O oxygen. Hydrogen abstraction generates an allyl radical intermediate, which can diffuse freely across the catalyst surface and ultimately binds to a second molybdenyl oxygen to form an allyl alkoxy intermediate. A second hydrogen is abstracted from this intermediate to produce acrolein. Calculations suggest that only molybdenum centers are reduced during the reaction. However, presence of bismuth in the catalyst is essential for providing the requisite structural and electronic environment at the active site.
Trends of hospitalization for major bipolar unspecified in USA: A nationwide analysis

Objectives Bipolar unspecified (BP-U) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While BP-U has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of BP-U on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking. Methods We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998–2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of comorbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, Chi 2 test, t -test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance. Results A total of 711,147 patients were analyzed; 61.33% were female and 38.67% were male ( P P P Conclusions While mortality has slightly decreased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $0.21 billion/year $19.15 billion/year, which leads to an estimated $18.94 billion/year additional burden to US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing BP-U related hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for BP-U related hospitalization.
Priori-driven based CFAR detection algorithm for SAR image of power line corridors

In this paper,a priori-driven CFAR detection algorithm for high resolution SAR image of power line corridors was proposed.Firstly,the background clutter was re-built by the compressive sensing working on whole images.The estimate distribution parameters and CFAR threshold was calculated by using the moment estimation method.And then,OS-CFAR detecting procedure was used to detect the results.At last,in order to eliminate the false alarm and get final result,the detecting results were processed by prior remote sensing features of the power line corridor.The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can get satisfactory results on the power line corridor detections.
Resection and reconstruction for bone tumors in the proximal tibia

SUMMARY The proximal tibia is a common location for both benign and malignant bone tumors. Treatment of these lesions requires thorough preoperative evaluation and staging. Selection of the most appropriate procedure for resection and reconstruction depends on the nature and extent of the tumor, as well as patient factors such as age and lifestyle. Local resection of malignant lesions of the proximal tibia is recommended when wide surgical margins are possible. Reconstruction options for this area include arthrodesis, osteoarticu- lar allograft, and prosthetic arthroplasty. Rotationplasty and an expandable prosthesis provide reasonable alternatives for limb salvage in skeletally immature patients. Although high complication rates are reported, each of these reconstruction methods has proven successful when criteria have been met for limb salvage after resection of proximal tibial tumors.
Endotoxin contamination of Foley catheters associated with fevers following transurethral resection of the prostate.

In 1980 an investigation was conducted due to an apparent cluster of fevers following transurethral resections of the prostate ( TURP ), where the presence of prostatitis or urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) could not account for most cases, and the usage of antimicrobials did not prevent them. When unused, prepackaged , sterilized samples from 13 lots of triple lumen catheters were analyzed, four were found to contain high levels of endotoxin (ET), with a range of 49,150-greater than or equal to 6.25 ng/catheter. Additionally, these lots were highly pyrogenic to rabbits. The maximum incidence of febrile patients (42%) correlated with usage of catheters from the lot where ET levels were the highest. The febrile rate for a second urologist, who used single lumen catheters, was less (12/33 v 0/12). Further consideration should be given to sterile operative equipment which may still be pyrogenic.
Normative Life Crises: Applied Perspectives

The application of life-span developmental psychology theory to the education and practice of professional social workers is one of the objectives of the volume. This article discusses ways in which life-span developmental psychology may be useful for social work educators, students, and practitioners. “Human behavior and the social environment” theory in social work education is discussed, as are recent changes in the teaching of that theory in social work education programs. Modifications in the definitions of social problems, the dichotomy between social theory and social work practice, as well as the various sources of social work “Human behavior and the social environment” theory are noted. Life-span developmental psychology theory's potential role and its significance in social work are described. The utility of some of the articles in the volume for social work educators and practitioners is emphasized as is the significance of a theory and a body of knowledge which focus on the total life span from an interdisciplinary perspective. It is concluded that this volume may introduce for some social work educators a new and pertinent theoretical emphasis that is comparable to, but an extension of, more traditional social work approaches to the study of human behavior.
Vertex-algebraic structure of principal subspaces of basic D_{4}^{(3)}-modules

We obtain a presentation of the principal subspace of the basic $$D_{4}^{(3)}$$ -module. We use this presentation to construct exact sequences involving this principal subspace, and obtain a recursion satisfied by its multigraded dimension. Solving this recursion, we obtain the multigraded dimension of the principal subspace of the basic $$D_{4}^{(3)}$$ -module.
Photofragment spectroscopy ofN22

${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{2+}$ ions, produced by electron impact of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, are observed to predissociate into ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$+${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ when irradiated by a dye laser at photon energies between 14900 and 19500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Five structured bands in the spectrum are associated with absorptions from $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ ($v=0,1,2$) into three predissociated levels of the $1^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ state. The two highest levels of the $1^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ are believed to dissociate by tunneling through the Coulombic barrier in its potential-energy curve, whereas the lowest level is predissociated by the $1^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state. Kinetic-energy analysis of the ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ photofragments establishes the energy of $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ ($v=0$) at 4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV above the ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$+${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ dissociation asymptote and yields an adiabatic appearance potential of 43.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 eV. Molecular constants for the $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ and $1^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ states are determined.
Pre- or Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Risk factors, coagulation profiles, and outcomes in 22 children with presumed perinatal infarct were studied at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Chedoke McMaster Hospital, Hamilton, both participants in the Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry.
A Fossil Egg Clutch from the Stem Turtle Meiolania platyceps: Implications for the Evolution of Turtle Reproductive Biology

ABSTRACT A fossil egg clutch from the Pleistocene of Lord Howe Island, Australia that we assign to Testudoolithus lordhowensis, oosp. nov. belongs to the stem turtle Meiolania platyceps. This ootaxon is diagnosed by the following unique combination of characters: large spherical eggs (53.9 mm diameter), 800-µm-thick eggshell, and barrel-shaped shell units with height-to-width ratio of 1.2:1. Thin sections and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that these eggs are composed of radiating acicular aragonite crystals. This mineral composition first evolved either before the split between Meiolaniformes and crown Testudines or prior to Proterochersis robusta, the earliest known stem turtle. A calculated gas conductance of 170.27 mg H2O day-1 Torr-1 for Meiolania platyceps eggs compares closely with that of two extant tortoise eggs. This value and the presence of at least two superimposing egg layers within the clutch indicate that Meiolania platyceps deposited its eggs inside an excavated hole nest. This ...
Theory and Experiment in Psychology

There are many aspects to the relation between theory and experiment in psychology which most of us learn informally. Consequently some of the ideas are rather vague and may lead us to statements, interpretations, and conclusions which are inconsistent and detrimental to the progress of psychological science.
Inconsistent-handed advantage in episodic memory extends to paragraph-level materials

ABSTRACTPast research using handedness as a proxy for functional access to the right hemisphere demonstrates that individuals who are mixed/inconsistently handed outperform strong/consistently handed individuals when performing episodic recall tasks. However, research has generally been restricted to stimuli presented in a list format. In the present paper, we present two studies in which participants were presented with paragraph-level material and then asked to recall material from the passages. The first study was based on a classic study looking at retroactive interference with prose materials. The second was modelled on a classic experiment looking at perspective taking and the content of memory. In both studies, the classic effects were replicated and the general finding that mixed/inconsistent-handers outperform strong/consistent-handers was replicated. This suggests that considering degree of handedness may be an empirically useful means of reducing error variance in paradigms looking at memory fo...
POKEMON Is a Proto-Oncogene Which Plays a Key Role in Lymphomagenesis.

POKEMON (for POK, Erythroid, Myeloid ONtogenic factor, also known as LRF) was originally isolated as a homologue of PLZF (Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger) which can physically interact with the BCL6 (B Cell Lymphoma 6) proto-oncogene. Analysis of Pokemon −/− mice demonstrates that this transcriptional repressor plays a key developmental role whose function is required for cellular differentiation in multiple tissues such as skin, adipose tissue and hematopoietic lineage cells. Taking advantage of Pokemon −/− MEFs (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts), we found that Pokemon is indispensable for cellular transformation mediated by oncogenes (such as BCL6, E1A, H-RasV12, c-Myc, or T-Ag) and Pokemon overexpression overcomes oncogene induced premature senescence and apoptosis leading to oncogenic transformation by repressing p19ARF tumor suppressor. Furthermore, Pokemon −/− MEFs showed a premature senescence phenotype in early passage which was rescued by inactivation of p19ARF . To explore the oncogenic role of Pokemon in vivo , we generated Lck/Eμ Pokemon transgenic mice in which Pokemon is over expressed in T and B lineage cells under the control of Lck/Eμ promoter/enhancer. Strikingly, about 50% of the mice developed T lymphoblastic lymphoma (CD4+, CD8+, CD44 + and TdT+) after a latent period of 2 to 4 months. As Pokemon expression proved essential for cellular transformation and is oncogenic when overexpressed in vivo , we analyzed the levels of POKEMON expression in human cancers, performing Tissue Microarray Analysis (TMA). We first analyzed human B-cell lymphomas as POKEMON is normally co-expressed with BCL6 in the B-cell within the germinal center, and may therefore cooperate with BCL6 in lymphomagenesis. We analyzed and scored a total of 123 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 290 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) for POKEMON protein expression levels. POKEMON was highly expressed in 25–35% and moderately expressed in 40–50% of both DLBCL and FL clinical samples. Strikingly, as previously shown for BCL6, POKEMON positivity predicted a better prognosis of overall survival in DLBCL. Interestingly, the vast majority (approximately 80%) of BCL6 positive DLBCLs and FLs were found to be POKEMON positive. By contrast, not all the POKEMON positive lymphomas expressed BCL6. Importantly, coexpression of POKEMON and BCL6 in DLBCL predicted an even better clinical outcome, identifying a clinically distinct DLBCL subtype.
The cervical and thoracic musculature of Lepidoptera: Part. III. Comparison of muscle categories in the cervical and thoracic regions

Summary Each of the 19 categories under which we have classified the cervicothoracic musculature is discussed. On the basis of this information and other considerations the cervical, prothoracic, mesothoracic, and metathoracic regions are compared. Indications are that the cervix plus prothorax represents only a single segmental entity. The conspicuous differences between the prothoracic and pterothoracic regions are correlated primarily with: (1) reduction in the motor powers of the forelegs; (2) close association of the prothorax with the mobile head; and (3) development of wings on the pterothoracic segments.
Outpatient beta-blockers and survival from sepsis: Results from a national cohort of Medicare beneficiaries.

Abstract Background Elderly Americans suffer increased mortality from sepsis. Given that beta-blockers have been shown to be cardioprotective in critical care, we investigated outpatient beta-blocker prescriptions and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries admitted for sepsis. Methods We queried a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries for patients admitted with sepsis. We used in-hospital and outpatient prescription drug claims to compare in-hospital and 30-day mortality based on pre-admission beta-blocker prescription and class of beta-blocker prescribed using univariate tests of comparison and multivariable logistic regression models and another class of medications for control. Results Outpatient beta-blocker prescription was associated with a statistically significant decrease in in-hospital and 30-day mortality. In multivariable modeling, beta-blocker prescription was associated with 31% decrease in in-hospital mortality and 41% decrease in 30-day mortality. Both cardioselective and non-selective beta-blockers conferred mortality benefit. Conclusions Our data suggests that there may be a role for preadmission beta-blockers in reducing sepsis-related mortality.
Aproximación a una valoración cienciométrica de la competitividad

This paper shows a scientometric approach to competitiveness by using Scopus y Web of Science index services. Scientific production using competitiveness as key term is searched, filtered and classified. The results show key moments of historical, institutional and epistemological evolution of competitiveness through different knowledge areas. Until 2000 competitiveness was used under post Keynesian model of production and economic developments principles. American and England research universities lead the production. But today, competitiveness is rising in new knowledge fields like social sciences under scientific hegemonies from emerging economies are appearing.
Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics: New Tools for Law Practice in the Digital Age

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) and the law is on the cusp of a revolution that began with text analytic programs like IBM's Watson and Debater and the open-source information management architectures on which they are based. Today, new legal applications are beginning to appear and this book - designed to explain computational processes to non-programmers - describes how they will change the practice of law, specifically by connecting computational models of legal reasoning directly with legal text, generating arguments for and against particular outcomes, predicting outcomes and explaining these predictions with reasons that legal professionals will be able to evaluate for themselves. These legal applications will support conceptual legal information retrieval and allow cognitive computing, enabling a collaboration between humans and computers in which each does what it can do best. Anyone interested in how AI is changing the practice of law should read this illuminating work.
Nectar and Pollen Phytochemicals Stimulate Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Immunity to Viral Infection.

Parasites and pathogens are implicated in honey bee colony losses, and honey bees may also spread infection to wild pollinators. Bees consume nectar and pollen, which contain phytochemicals that can positively or negatively affect pollinator health. Certain phytochemicals can reduce parasite loads in humans and other animals. Understanding how phytochemicals affect honey bee infection and survival could help identify optimal forage sources and phytochemical treatments to ameliorate disease. We fed honey bees seven dietary phytochemicals to evaluate whether phytochemical consumption would treat preexisting infection in mature bees, or mitigate infection in young bees either inside or outside of their colonies. Phytochemicals were generally well-tolerated at levels documented in nectar, honey, and pollen, although clove oil and thymol increased mortality at high doses. Six of seven tested phytochemicals significantly increased antimicrobial peptide expression by 12.9 to 61-fold in older bees after 7 d consumption. Short-term (<24 h) phytochemical consumption reduced levels of Deformed wing virus (DWV) up to 500-fold in young bees released into field colonies. However, with the exception of high-dose clove oil, our phytochemical treatments did not alter infection with Lotmaria passim or Nosema ceranae. Phytochemicals also lacked antiviral effects for pollen-deprived bees reared outside the colony. Our results suggest that phytochemicals have potential therapeutic value for honey bees infected with DWV. Short-term phytochemical consumption may be sufficient to confer benefits against infection. Phytochemical concentrations that reduced disease were comparable with naturally occurring floral concentrations, suggesting that flowers could serve as seasonally varied, serially consumed pollinator medicines.
UPWARC: User plane wireless adaptable reliable communication, a new architecture for high speed train passenger internet services

There has been renewed attention given to High Speed Railways (HSR) in the US, in terms of adapting more speed, reliability, increasing passenger capacity and providing passenger centric services. Any future Train-To-Ground (T2G) communication system therefore has to embrace reliable signaling and control-specific needs of HSR, while also catering towards the high performance networking demands of passengers. Segregation of T2G traffic into multi-frequency user/control plane separated traffic based on these respective requirements of train and passenger services may therefore provide a unique opportunity to US railroads to achieve a cost-effective yet future-proof solution fully embracing fifth-generation wireless communication paradigms. Built upon this vision we propose a logical cell and sector-based multi-railcar MIMO solution for railroad micro-/mmWave base stations to support the high performance demand imposed upon user plane traffic in HSR. The logical cells and sectors are developed solely based on railcar outdoor antennas, which can provide an optimal performance throughout the coverage area, regardless of the track-to-base station distance. The proposed UPWARC simulation results have shown great reliability and spectral efficiency compared to the conventional architectures. This is due to attaining optimality and granularity in network design, exploiting precise operation of high speed train and linear movement.
Optimal Chemical Grouping and Sorbent Material Design by Data Analysis, Modeling and Dimensionality Reduction Techniques

Abstract The ultimate goal of the Texas A&M Superfund program is to develop comprehensive tools and models for addressing exposure to chemical mixtures during environmental emergency-related contamination events. With that goal, we aim to design a framework for optimal grouping of chemical mixtures based on their chemical characteristics and bioactivity properties, and facilitate comparative assessment of their human health impacts through read-across. The optimal clustering of the chemical mixtures guides the selection of sorption material in such a way that the adverse health effects of each group are mitigated. Here, we perform (i) hierarchical clustering of complex substances using chemical and biological data, and (ii) predictive modeling of the sorption activity of broad-acting materials via regression techniques. Dimensionality reduction techniques are also incorporated to further improve the results. We adopt several recent examples of chemical substances of Unknown or Variable composition Complex reaction products and Biological materials (UVCB) as benchmark complex substances, where the grouping of them is optimized by maximizing the Fowlkes-Mallows (FM) index. The effect of clustering method and different visualization techniques are shown to influence the communication of the groupings for read-across.
Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nucleus by Gonadotropins

For the past 15 years or so, I have been providing evidence that polypeptide hormones stimulate hormone-specific species of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc-6-PD) in their target tissues. This allosteric regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate cycle provides reducing equivalents for biosynthetic purposes. In addition, it provides ribose sugars such as 5-phospho-d-ribosyl pyrophosphate (5-PRPP) that are rate-limiting to the synthesis de novo of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. These nucleotides are required in the synthesis of RNA and DNA and in electron- and energy-carrying compounds, such as NADPH and ATP.
Exercise-Induced Hormesis

The consequences of physical activity on the brain can readily be integrated into a hormetic framework. Whereas low- to moderate-intensity exercise exerts positive effects on the body, excessive exercise can be detrimental for somatic health. Here we review the evidence linking physical activity with cellular and functional modifications in different organ systems, with a focus on the dose-response characteristics of this relationship. Voluntary running and short-term treadmill running within the range of intensities normally experienced during voluntary running both enhance metabolism and preserve function across multiple organ systems. In contrast, running to exhaustion has a negative impact on global functioning. Overall, the effects of exercise clearly depend on the amount and intensity of activity. These effects conform to the biological principle of hormesis.
Tooley on Time and Tense

Since the publication of Richard Gale’s anthology on The Philosophy of Time (1967), and his original work, The Language of Time (1968), and especially since D. H. Mellor’s Real Time (1981), the literature on the philosophy of time has flourished.1 Part of the reason for this renewed interest in the philosophy of time concerns its connection with many other issues in the philosophy of religion, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of science and metaphysics. In Michael Tooley’s case, it was his research on the nature of causation that led him to a consideration of the nature of time and the debate between the dynamic (or tensed) and the static (or tenseless) views of time. In his book, Causation: A Realist Approach (1987) Tooley argued for a causal analysis of the direction of time and in Time, Tense, and Causation (1997) he argues that a full account of the relation between causation and time is even deeper since events can be causally related only in a dynamic world; a world in which the past and present are real, but the future is not. The version of the “non-existent future” theory of time that Tooley endorses is original and in various ways quite unlike more traditional tensed theories. He espouses some theses that have hitherto been rejected by tensers, for example, “that tenseless concepts and facts are more basic than tensed ones” (1997, p. 29), but he argues for them very carefully.
Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Pancoast Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Radicular Neck Pain in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Pancoast syndrome is an uncommon complication of apical lung tumors. Symptoms include pain, brachial plexopathy, and Horner's syndrome, and are the result of extrinsic compression of tissues within the thoracic inlet. Lymphoma is a very rare etiology. Case Report We describe the presentation of a 59-year-old male with recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with Pancoast syndrome. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Cancer is an uncommon cause of radicular neck pain but should be considered in the differential, particularly when constitutional complaints are also present. Symptoms and physical examination findings associated with Pancoast syndrome are the consequence of compression of the C7–T2 vertebral roots and sympathetic chain. Computed tomography is usually required to definitively visualize the mass.
Getting in the Flo: My year as a scholar.

In November 2016, I was awarded an Emerging Leaders Scholarship from the Florence Nightingale Foundation to help me positively impact patient care and also improve how I lead change within my organ...
Heat transfer regimes in fully developed plane-channel flows

Abstract This paper investigates heat transfer regimes in fully developed plane channel flows without considering the buoyancy effect. Analyzing the governing thermal energy equation, aided by direct numerical simulation (DNS) data, six heat transfer regimes are identified including (i) laminar flow and laminar heat transfer (LamF-LamH), (ii) transitional flow and laminar-like heat transfer (TraF-LamH), (iii) transitional flow and transitional heat transfer (TraF-TraH), (iv) turbulent flow but laminar-like heat transfer (TurF-LamH), (v) turbulent flow and transitional heat transfer (TurF-TraH), and (vi) turbulent flow and turbulent heat transfer (TurF-TurH). One key result is the clarification of a TurF-LamH regime which exists only for low Prandtl number fluid ( Pr ≪ 1 ). A critical non-dimensional number is determined as Re τ Pr 1 / 2 ≲ 50 where Re τ is the Reynolds number defined by the channel half-height δ and the frictional velocity u τ . In the TurF-LamH regime, the simplified thermal energy equation yields a prediction of Nusselt number as Nu ≈ 6.0 . The clarification of the TurF-LamH regime provides valuable insight into the understanding of the Nusselt number data for liquid metals, which have very low Prandtl number. Another major finding is that, in the TurF-TurH regime, the Kader-Yaglom-style equation is shown to be better than the traditional power law correlations at predicting Nusselt number, for either low or high Prandtl numbers. No separate correlations are needed for the prediction of Nusselt number at low Prandtl numbers and high Prandtl numbers. Another advantage of the Kader-Yaglom-style equation is that the equation can be theoretically connected to the log-law for the mean velocity and the mean temperature. More importantly, in the TurF-TurH regime the prediction of Kader-Yaglom-style equation can be reliably extended to ultra high Reynolds numbers, for either low or high Prandtl numbers.
The role of online communities and the impact of educational social media on Saudi female college students in the United States

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the role of online communities and the impact of educational social media on 14 Saudi female college students who were studying in the United St...
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in preventing recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. DATA SOURCE Truven Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims database (2011-2016). PATIENTS Study consisted of adults with ACS who newly initiated ticagrelor or prasugrel within 7 days of their first ACS diagnosis and had no prior use for at least 12 months; after propensity score matching, 10,073 patients were in each group. METHODS The primary study outcomes, first occurrence of a recurrent nonfatal CVD event (composite of myocardial infarction and stroke) and occurrence of a major bleeding event, were compared between the ticagrelor and prasugrel groups. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of minor bleeding events, defined based on the presence of bleeding events in outpatient claims. Cox proportional hazards models after propensity score matching were used to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the use of ticagrelor was associated with a decreased risk of recurrent nonfatal CVD events (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.92) and major bleeding events (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41-0.70) compared with prasugrel. Additionally, the use of ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of minor bleeding events compared with prasugrel (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65-0.78). CONCLUSION In this population-based cohort of incident ACS patients, ticagrelor was associated with a reduced rate of recurrent nonfatal CVD events, major and minor bleeding events compared with prasugrel.
Towards Personalized Annotation of Webpages for Efficient Screen-Reader Interaction

To interact with webpages, people who are blind use special-purpose assistive technology, namely screen readers that enable them to serially navigate and listen to the content using keyboard shortcuts. Although screen readers support a multitude of shortcuts for navigating over a variety of HTML tags, it has been observed that blind users typically rely on only a fraction of these shortcuts according to their personal preferences and knowledge. Thus, a mismatch between a user's repertoire of shortcuts and a webpage markup can significantly increase browsing effort even for simple everyday web tasks. Also, inconsistent usage of ARIA coupled with the increased adoption of styling and semantic HTML tags (e.g., , ) for which there is limited screen-reader support, further make interaction arduous and frustrating for blind users. To address these issues, in this work, we explore personalized annotation of webpages that enables blind users to efficiently navigate webpages using their preferred shortcuts. Specifically, our approach automatically injects personalized 'annotation' nodes into the existing HTML DOM such that blind users can quickly access certain semantically-meaningful segments (e.g., menu, search results, filter options, calendar widget, etc.) on the page, using their preferred screen-reader shortcuts. Using real shortcut profiles collected from 5 blind screen-reader users doing representative web tasks, we observed that with personalized annotation, the interaction effort can be potentially reduced by as much as 48 (average) shortcut presses.
Sexist AI: An Experiment Integrating CASA and ELM

This study employed an experiment to test participants’ perceptions of an artificial intelligence (AI) recruiter. It used a 2 (Specialist AI/Generalist AI) × 2 (Sexist/nonsexist) design to test the...
Riemann zeros and phase transitions via the spectral operator on fractal strings

The spectral operator was introduced by Lapidus and van Frankenhuijsen (2006 Fractal Geometry, Complex Dimensions and Zeta Functions: Geometry and Spectra of Fractal Strings) in their reinterpretation of the earlier work of Lapidus and Maier (1995 J. Lond. Math. Soc. 52 15?34) on inverse spectral problems and the Riemann hypothesis. In essence, it is a map that sends the geometry of a fractal string onto its spectrum. In this review, we present the rigorous functional analytic framework given by Herichi and Lapidus (2012) and within which to study the spectral operator. Furthermore, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the invertibility of the spectral operator (in the critical strip) and therefore obtain a new spectral and operator-theoretic reformulation of the Riemann hypothesis. More specifically, we show that the spectral operator is quasi-invertible (or equivalently, that its truncations are invertible) if and only if the Riemann zeta function ?(s) does not have any zeros on the vertical line Re(s) = c. Hence, it is not invertible in the mid-fractal case when , and it is quasi-invertible everywhere else (i.e. for all c ? (0, 1) with ) if and only if the Riemann hypothesis is true. We also show the existence of four types of (mathematical) phase transitions occurring for the spectral operator at the critical fractal dimension and c = 1 concerning the shape of the spectrum, its boundedness, its invertibility as well as its quasi-invertibility.This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical in honour of Stuart Dowker?s 75th birthday devoted to ?Applications of zeta functions and other spectral functions in mathematics and physics?.
Correlation functions of one-dimensional Lieb–Liniger anyons

We have investigated the properties of a model of 1D anyons interacting through a δ-function repulsive potential. The structure of the quasi-periodic boundary conditions for the anyonic field operators and the many-anyon wavefunctions is clarified. The spectrum of the low-lying excitations including the particle–hole excitations is calculated for periodic and twisted boundary conditions. Using the ideas of the conformal field theory we obtain the large-distance asymptotics of the density and field correlation function at the critical temperature T = 0 and at small finite temperatures. Our expression for the field correlation function extends the results in the literature obtained for harmonic quantum anyonic fluids.
“A Patient, a Surgeon, and an Insurance Agent Walk into a Bar…”

For a patient to make the difficult decision to undergo bariatric surgery, they need to be fully convinced of the following: (1) that they will not, and cannot lose the weight needed to become healthy unless they undergo bariatric surgery (2) that their health is in jeopardy specifically due to their present weight and the co-morbidities that exist because of it and (3) that they trust that the surgery is safe because their surgeon is experienced and works in a high performance environment. For a surgeon to embark on the practice of bariatric surgery, he or she needs to be committed to the following: (1) to be willing, above all, to properly evaluate and offer the right operation to a given candidate patient (2) to be himself/herself convinced that the patient’s health is in jeopardy and that the surgery proposed is indicated and safe (3) to be confident that their skills, judgment and team are of the highest standard and that their environment is properly equipped to offer state-of-the art bariatric care for the patient both in the short and long term process of care. Finally, for an insurance company to offer and support the finances of bariatric surgery, they need to: (1) ensure their customers do not fall prey to unscrupulous practices (2) make sure that the patients are not making rushed decisions to undergo bariatric surgery (3) that resources within their insurance pool are sufficient to support the entire process of bariatric surgery.
PRADA-TF: Privacy-Diversity-Aware Online Team Formation

In this work, we propose a PRivAcy-Diversity-Aware Team Formation framework, namely PRADA-TF, that can be deployed based on the trust relationships between users in online social networks (OSNs). Our proposed PRADA-TF is mainly designed to reflect team members' domain expertise and privacy preserving preferences when a task requires a wide range of diverse domain expertise for its successful completion. The proposed PRADA-TF aims to form a team for maximizing its productivity based on members' characteristics in their diversity, privacy preserving, and information sharing. We leveraged a game theory called Mechanism Design in order for a mechanism designer as a team leader to select team members that can maximize the team's social welfare, which is the sum of all team members' utilities considering team productivity, members' privacy preserving, and potential privacy loss caused by information sharing. To screen a set of candidate teams in the OSN, we built an expert social network based on real coauthorship datasets (i.e., Netscience) with 1,590 scientists. We used the semi-synthetic datasets to construct a trust network based on a belief model called Subjective Logic and identified trustworthy users as candidate team members. Via our extensive simulation experiments, we compared the seven different TF schemes, including our proposed and existing TF algorithms, and analyzed the key factors that can significantly impact the expected and actual social welfare, expected and actual potential privacy loss, and team diversity of a selected team.
RNA-binding protein Maca is crucial for gigantic male fertility factor gene expression, spermatogenesis, and male fertility, in Drosophila

During spermatogenesis, the process in which sperm for fertilization are produced from germline cells, gene expression is spatiotemporally highly regulated. In Drosophila, successful expression of extremely large male fertility factor genes on Y-chromosome spanning some megabases due to their gigantic intron sizes is crucial for spermatogenesis. Expression of such extremely large genes must be challenging, but the molecular mechanism that allows it remains unknown. Here we report that a novel RNA-binding protein Maca, which contains two RNA-recognition motifs, is crucial for this process. maca null mutant male flies exhibited a failure in the spermatid individualization process during spermatogenesis, lacked mature sperm, and were completely sterile, while maca mutant female flies were fully fertile. Proteomics and transcriptome analyses revealed that both protein and mRNA abundance of the gigantic male fertility factor genes kl-2, kl-3, and kl-5 (kl genes) are significantly decreased, where the decreases of kl-2 are particularly dramatic, in maca mutant testes. Splicing of the kl-3 transcripts was also dysregulated in maca mutant testes. All these physiological and molecular phenotypes were rescued by a maca transgene in the maca mutant background. Furthermore, we found that in the control genetic background, Maca is exclusively expressed in spermatocytes in testes and enriched at Y-loop A/C in the nucleus, where the kl-5 primary transcripts are localized. Our data suggest that Maca increases transcription processivity, promotes successful splicing of gigantic introns, and/or protects transcripts from premature degradation, of the kl genes. Our study identified a novel RNA-binding protein Maca that is crucial for successful expression of the gigantic male fertility factor genes, spermatogenesis, and male fertility.
Costs of Implementing Genome-enabled Selection in Swine

Using genomic information to determine an animal’s genetic merit at the molecular level can improve estimated breeding value (EBV) accuracy when compared to an EBV based solely on phenotypic records. However, genomeenabled selection is expensive and the increase in rate of genetic gain must be large enough to offset the costs associated with incorporating genome-enabled selection into a breeding program. A flexible spreadsheet tool developed from this work can be utilized to estimate the returns needed to recover additional costs associated with genome-enabled selection by modifying the input values such as herd size and genotyping strategy to represent the specific design of any production system.
Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy

A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In Multiple analogies in science and philosophy , Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's Republic , Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation, and the role of analogy in science and philosophy. This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.
On the Boundary Layer Near a Porous Wall

Differential and boundary layer equations for free convection flow along vertical hot wall, investigating existence question
Error Avoidance in Dermatologic Surgery

Surgical errors pose a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and expense within the health care system. While rates of errors within dermatologic surgery are low, there are certain areas of dermatologic surgery that are more prone to errors than others. These include site identification, specimen labeling, triage, lidocaine toxicity, needle sticks, electrosurgery, and laser surgery. Within these areas, continued research is being done to identify the source of the errors and establish protocols to minimize the risk.
Moving psychological assessment: Accessing clients’ lives at home 1

Abstract If we are to “individualize psychological assessment” (Fischer, 1985/1994), then we must pay close attention to the contexts in which our clients live, work, and play. However, with very few exceptions, psychological assessments are conducted exclusively on the psychologist's “turf"—in professional office spaces. Here we recount how we were enabled to see our clients more clearly and vividly as a consequence of leaving our offices and conducting parts of our assessments in their homes.
New Roles for Community Services in Educational Reform

The relationship between community and school reform is experienced from two perspectives: the coordinated professional services model, and the community development or employment model. The chapter compares the strengths and weaknesses of each model with the intent of gaining new insights into the community context of improved urban schooling
Characterization of an Extracellular Protease from the Insect Pathogen Xenorhabdus luminescens.

Abstract Xenorhabdus luminescens Hm cultured in gelatin broth produced a single extracellular protease. The protease was purified by a factor of 500 and characterized as a monomeric protein with an approximate molecular weight of 61,000. On the basis of inhibitor studies and its pH optimum, the protease was classified as an alkaline metalloprotease with a pH optimum near 8; the isoelectric point of the enzyme is 4.2 ± 0.2. The protease may be a major factor in the ecology of X. luminescens, which is carried as a symbiom of some parasitic nematodes.