cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants.

Abstract Background Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is the commonest morbidity in extremely preterm infants (PTIs). Risk factors for BPD have been described in the era before the widespread availability of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the delivery room (DR). The objective of this study is to identify risk factors for Moderate/Severe BPD in an era of widespread availability of NIV in the DR. Methods Detailed antenatal and postnatal data were abstracted for PTIs, 230/7–276/7 weeks GA. Multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree analyses (CART) identified predictors for the primary outcome of Moderate/Severe BPD. Results Of 263 eligible infants, 59% had Moderate/Severe BPD. Moderate/Severe BPD was significantly associated with birthweight, gender, DR intubation and surfactant compared to No/Mild BPD. Of infants not intubated in the DR, 40% with No/Mild BPD and 80% with Moderate/Severe BPD received intubation by 48 hours (p Conclusions In an era of increasing availability of NIV in the DR, lower birthweight, male gender, surfactant treatment, blood transfusions and respiratory support in the first 2–3 weeks after birth predict moderate/severe BPD with high sensitivity and specificity. The majority of these infants received intubation within 48 hours of birth (97%). These data suggest that early failures of NIV represent opportunities for improvement of NIV techniques and of non-invasive surfactant to avoid intubation in the first 48 hours. Furthermore, these risk factors may allow earlier identification of infants most likely to benefit from interventions to prevent or decrease severity of BPD.
GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IS PROGNOSTIC IN LIGHT CHAIN AND TRANSTHYRETIN CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS WHILE THE APICAL SPARING RATIO OF LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IS NOT

Apical sparing of longitudinal strain has diagnostic utility for cardiac amyloidosis. However, the prognostic value of this finding in cardiac amyloidosis is uncertain. We included 136 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis with echocardiograms performed at the time of diagnosis. Speckle-
AN ANALYSIS OF E-BANKING – A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BANKS

Indian banks have leveraged technology and introduced innovative banking product and services to attract and retain the customer for sustainable development in Banks. E-banking is the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products, services directly to the customers through electronic, interactive communication channels, while E-banking services bring down the cost pertransaction, increase efficiency by reducing workload of staff, they help to increase accuracy ,speed, save time, money and effort of customers. Thus E banking services impactsthe customer services and leads to better customer satisfaction. They enable the bank to transact more business by offering various services in cost effective way on one side and to get more customer satisfaction on the other. To analyze the relationship between demographic variable and perception towards e banking services, astructured questionnaire used to collect the data from a random sample of 50 customers from State bank of Mysore in Bhadravathi, Percentage analysis and chi square test are applied for data analysis and interpretation. Finally, it attempts to offer suitable suggestions and conclusions to enhance the awareness of E-banking services.
Solving the Revolving Door Problem: Machine Learning for Readmission Risk Assessment

In 2012 the United States passed legislation, penalizing hospitals for readmission of patients discharged within 30 days. However, many unknowns mean that hospitals cannot predict when each patient is appropriate to discharge. Through researching readmissions across the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital enterprise, we found that staff must make judgement calls based on their own clinical perspectives. Rather than expecting doctors to somehow intuit the interaction effects from thousands of variables, we surface trends and present strategies for mitigating readmission risks through machine learning (ML). Commonly, ML models are trained against data aggregated from various sources. This method of sourcing interferes with responding to population-based risk factors and variables that are specific to the hospital of interest. However, creating a custom model presents its own set of hurdles. The work of our team provides hospitals everywhere with an end-to-end pipeline to create a readmissions assessment tool, using their own data.
Estimating Impacts of Dam Development and Landscape Changes on Suspended Sediment Concentrations in the Mekong River Basin’s 3S Tributaries

AbstractThe Mekong River Basin (MRB) is undergoing rapid dam development, which is altering the river suspended sediment concentration (SSC). In this study, we used satellite remote sensing records...
The early Paleozoic structures and its influence on the Permian strata, Midland Basin: Insights from multi-attribute seismic analysis

Abstract The Permian Basin is one of the most important petroleum-producing regions in the United States. The structural history of the Permian Basin is extremely complex. Most of the structural traps in the Permian Basin are associated with the strike-slip fault system, which presented challenges for past structural interpretation completed primarily using well log and 2D seismic data. We utilized a 3D seismic survey, a part of the Midland Basin and eastern margin of the Central Basin Platform (CBP), to identify the Early Paleozoic structural elements to study its influence on the HC production from the Permian strata. We computed volumetric seismic attributes including, coherence which can identify faults with a significant amount of throw, along with curvature which can detect flexure and folds. We also used, recently developed aberrancy attribute, which illuminates subtle faults and flexures. We observed several strong lineations on seismic attributes extracted along the Woodford surface. Lineations have three different trends. Trend 1 lineations are drag folds associated with the Andrews shear zone (ASZ). Trend 2 lineations, which show a left-lateral strike-slip motion, are R’ Riedel Shear, are oriented N 65° W truncating against the CBP. The trend 2 lineations continue upward to the shallower surfaces, as well as they are parallel to the surface lineations identified on the satellite images, which indicates the continued movement of the pre-existing faults. The trend 3 lineations, which show a right-lateral strike-slip motion, are R Riedel Shear and align with the ASZ. The formation micro image (FMI) shows the fracture orientations in trend 2 and trend 3 directions. The aberrancy lineation anomalies are indicative of highly fractured areas; wells drilled in these areas display lower oil-water ratio, as well as a higher amount of production, which may be due to the increase in permeability due to the fractures.
Decidual cell FKBP51-progesterone receptor binding mediates maternal stress-induced preterm birth.

Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder increase the risk of idiopathic preterm birth (iPTB); however, the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. Depression and stress-related disorders are linked to increased FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) expression levels in the brain and/or FKBP5 gene polymorphisms. Fkbp5-deficient (Fkbp5−/−) mice resist stress-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. FKBP51 binding to progesterone (P4) receptors (PRs) inhibits PR function. Moreover, reduced PR activity and/or expression stimulates human labor. We report enhanced in situ FKBP51 expression and increased nuclear FKBP51-PR binding in decidual cells of women with iPTB versus gestational age-matched controls. In Fkbp5+/+ mice, maternal restraint stress did not accelerate systemic P4 withdrawal but increased Fkbp5, decreased PR, and elevated AKR1C18 expression in uteri at E17.25 followed by reduced P4 levels and increased oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) expression at 18.25 in uteri resulting in PTB. These changes correlate with inhibition of uterine PR function by maternal stress–induced FKBP51. In contrast, Fkbp5−/− mice exhibit prolonged gestation and are completely resistant to maternal stress–induced PTB and labor-inducing uterine changes detected in stressed Fkbp5+/+ mice. Collectively, these results uncover a functional P4 withdrawal mechanism mediated by maternal stress–induced enhanced uterine FKBP51 expression and FKPB51-PR binding, resulting in iPTB.
Inferring Temporal Logic Properties from Data using Boosted Decision Trees.

Many autonomous systems, such as robots and self-driving cars, involve real-time decision making in complex environments, and require prediction of future outcomes from limited data. Moreover, their decisions are increasingly required to be interpretable to humans for safe and trustworthy co-existence. This paper is a first step towards interpretable learning-based robot control. We introduce a novel learning problem, called incremental formula and predictor learning, to generate binary classifiers with temporal logic structure from time-series data. The classifiers are represented as pairs of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae and predictors for their satisfaction. The incremental property provides prediction of labels for prefix signals that are revealed over time. We propose a boosted decision-tree algorithm that leverages weak, but computationally inexpensive, learners to increase prediction and runtime performance. The effectiveness and classification accuracy of our algorithms are evaluated on autonomous-driving and naval surveillance case studies.
Estimating the Economic Value of Ice Climbing in Hyalite Canyon: An Application of Travel Cost Count Data Models that Account for Excess Zeros

Recently, the sport of ice climbing has seen a dramatic increase in popularity. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the demand for ice climbing in Hyalite Canyon, Montana, one of the premier ice climbing venues in North America. Access to Hyalite and other ice climbing destinations have been put at risk due to liability issues, public land management agendas, and winter road conditions. To this point, there has been no analysis on the economic benefits of ice climbing. In addition to the novel outdoor recreation application, this study applies econometric methods designed to deal with "excess zeros" in the data. Depending upon model specification, per person per trip values are estimated to be in the range of $76 to $135.
Markov Random Field based microstructure reconstruction using the principal image moments

Abstract The present work addresses the microstructure reconstruction of forged and additively manufactured materials using Markov Random Field (MRF) approach and the principal of image moments. The MRF based reconstruction is performed for the experimental samples to predict the spatial evolution of the microstructures on a larger scale. To achieve a high-fidelity statistically-equivalent representation for the original image, the synthesized samples are assessed according to their global and local level features. The global parameters measure the averaged properties of the microstructure image. In particular, they are defined as the distance to the image centroid and the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the normalized central moments. The local features are associated with the grain-level properties, including grain size and shape which are computed using the image moment values. With our presented approach, we not only demonstrate a computational framework for the spatial reconstruction of microstructures but also guarantee the statistical equivalency of the synthesized samples to the original microstructure images.
Polyploidy in development and tumor models in Drosophila.

Abstract Polyploidy, a cell status defined as more than two sets of genomic DNA, is a conserved strategy across species that can increase cell size and biosynthetic production, but the functional aspects of polyploidy are nuanced and vary across cell types. Throughout Drosophila developmental stages (embryo, larva, pupa and adult), polyploid cells are present in numerous organs and help orchestrate development while contributing to normal growth, well-being and homeostasis of the organism. Conversely, increasing evidence has shown that polyploid cells are prevalent in Drosophila tumors and play important roles in tumor growth and invasiveness. Here, we summarize the genes and pathways involved in polyploidy during normal and tumorigenic development, the mechanisms underlying polyploidization, and the functional aspects of polyploidy in development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila model.
Sexual and physical abuse and identity of the perpetrator: Associations with binge eating and overeating in Project EAT 2018.

Abstract Background Sexual and physical abuse are risk factors for binge eating and overeating, but few studies have examined association of the identity of the perpetrator with survivors' risk of binge eating and overeating. Purpose To examine the risk of binge eating and overeating by (1) type of abuse and identity of the perpetrators and (2) cumulative abuse experiences/perpetrators. Methods Data came from Eating and Activity over Time (N = 1407; ages 18–30 during 2017–2018). Sexual abuse perpetrators included family members, non-family members, and intimate partners. Physical abuse perpetrators included family members and intimate partners. Cumulative abuse experiences were defined as the number of types of abuse experienced. Modified Poisson regressions were used to examine the risk of binge eating (overeating with loss of control) and overeating (without loss of control), by (1) abuse type and perpetrator and (2) cumulative abuse experiences. Results Abuse was more strongly associated with binge eating than overeating. For binge eating, risk factors included familial and intimate partner sexual abuse (RR = 1.48 [95% CI = 1.01–2.17] and 2.41, [95% CI = 1.70–3.41], respectively) and physical abuse (RR = 1.84, [95% CI = 1.33–2.53] and 1.95, [95% CI = 1.35–2.81], respectively), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. For overeating, associations with physical abuse were close to the null, and those with sexual abuse were modest, with wide CIs that overlapped the null. Abuse experiences were cumulatively associated with binge eating, but not overeating. Conclusion Assessment of identity of the perpetrator, and cumulative abuse experiences/perpetrators may assist in identifying people at the greatest risk of binge eating.
Vinylazaarenes as Dienophiles in Lewis Acid-Promoted Diels-Alder Reactions

Described are the first examples of Lewis acid-promoted Diels-Alder reactions of vinylpyridines and other vinylazaarenes with unactivated dienes. Cyclohexyl-appended azaarenes constitute a class of substructures of rising prominence in drug discovery. Despite this, thermal variants of the vinylazaarene Diels-Alder reaction are rare and have not been adopted for synthesis, and Lewis acid-promoted variants are virtually unexplored. The presented work addresses this gap and in the process furnishes increased scope, dramatically higher yields, improved regioselectivity, and high levels of diastereoselectivity compared to prior thermal examples. These reactions provide scalable access to druglike scaffolds not readily available through other methods. More broadly, these studies establish a useful new class of dienophiles that, based on preliminary mechanistic studies, should be amenable to conventional strategies for enantioselective catalysis.
Identifying ethical issues from the perspective of the registered nurse.

Abstract A review of the formal ethics consultations performed at a rural academic medical center during 2006 revealed that only 5 of 72 consultations were initiated by nurses. A descriptive exploratory convenience study used a 3-item survey to collect information from registered nurses who provide direct patient care at the rural academic medical center. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify and describe the ethical issues perceived by registered nurses employed at a rural academic medical center and (2) analyze the variables influencing the registered nurses' ethical decision making and the process used by these registered nurses when resolving ethical issues.The 17 registered nurses who completed the survey identified a total of 21 ethical issues that they had experienced during the last year. The ethical issues that nurses recalled were significantly more likely to be relationship issues, whereas issues documented within the ethics consultation service were significantly more likely to involve limiting treatment. Communication was a major variable influencing nurse's ethical decision making. Nurses felt the ethical issue resolved satisfactorily when the patient's needs were met, communication occurred with the patient and/or family, the entire healthcare team was involved and in agreement, and there was sufficient time available to make a decision. The nurses did not feel that the ethical situation was resolved satisfactorily when not handled from the patient's perspective; the patient suffered; there was a lack of teamwork, agreement, and/or support; and the process took too long. The nurses' recommendations for resources needed to assist with the resolution of ethical issues included accessible ethics mechanisms, education, improved interprofessional relationships and collaboration, and unbiased support for patient and family decision making. Implications for nurse managers are discussed and future research questions are identified.
Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis in VEGF Receptor-1 Deficient Mice

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1)/Flt-1 is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF). VEGFR-1 is an enigmatic molecule whose precise role in postnatal angiogenesis remains controversial. Although many postnatal and adult studies have been performed by manipulating VEGFR-1 ligands, including competitive binding by truncated VEGFR-1 protein, neutralization by antibodies, or specific ligand overexpression or knockout, much less is known at the level of the receptor per se, especially in vivo. Perplexingly, while VEGFR-1 negatively regulates endothelial cell differentiation during development, it has been implied in promoting angiogenesis under certain conditions in adult tissues, especially in tumors and ischemic tissues. Additionally, it is unclear how VEGFR-1 is involved in vascular maturation and maintenance of vascular quiescence in adult tissues. To facilitate further investigation, we generated a conditional knockout mouse line for VEGFR-1 and characterized angiogenesis in postnatal and adult mice, including angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium. We discuss these findings in the context of the interplay between VEGF family members and their receptors, and summarize various mouse models in the VEGF pathway.
Explanation by Computer Simulation in Cognitive Science

My purpose in this essay is to clarify the notion of explanation by computer simulation in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. My contention is that computer simulation may be understood as providing two different kinds of explanation, which makes the notion of explanation by computer simulation ambiguous. In order to show this, I shall draw a distinction between two possible ways of understanding the notion of simulation, depending on how one views the relation in which a computing system that performs a cognitive task stands to the program that the system runs while performing that task. Next, I shall suggest that the kind of explanation that results from simulation is radically different in each case. In order to illustrate the difference, I will point out some prima facie methodological difficulties that need to be addressed in order to ensure that simulation plays a legitimate explanatory role in cognitive science, and I shall emphasize how those difficulties are very different depending on the notion of explanation involved.
Visual Analysis of Images in Brand Culture

Cultural codes, ideological discourse, and rhetorical processes have been acknowledged as inﬂuences on consumers’ relationships with advertising, brands, and mass media. If brands exist as cultural, ideological, and rhetorical objects, then researchers require tools developed to understand culture, ideology, and rhetoric, in conjunction with more typical branding concepts, such as equity, identity, and value. This chapter argues for an art historical imagination within advertising, branding, and consumer research, one that reveals how representational conventions-or common patterns of portraying objects, people, or identities-work alongside rhetorical processes in ways that often elude advertising research. Several new theoretical concepts, including snapshot aesthetics-the growing use of snapshot-like imagery in marketing communication-and the transformational mirror of consumption-which reﬂects basic assumptions about how advertising works-provide productive directions for research.
Short-Term Effects of South Louisiana and Kuwait Crude Oils on Glucose Utilization by Marine Bacterial Populations

Two crude oils, South Louisiana and Kuwait, were examined for their impact on glucose utilization by bacterial populations from the Gulf of Mexico. The uptake and mineralization of [ U - 14 C]glucose was assayed after a 4- to 23-h exposure to various concentrations of added crude oil (0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1% [vol/vol]). The effects of oil were determined in a total of 15 sediment and 13 water samples collected from offshore, open-bay, and salt marsh environments. The utilization of glucose by bacterial populations usually was not affected by added oil; in 10 sediment and 11 water samples, oil had no significant effect on either glucose uptake or mineralization. Stimulation by oil was recorded in four sediment samples. Oil inhibition occurred in one sediment and two water samples, but only in the presence of the highest concentration of added oil, i.e., 0.1%. Our data suggest that short-term exposure to either South Louisiana or Kuwait crude oil, even at 0.1%, usually has no toxic effect on glucose utilization by marine bacterial populations. Images
Sporulation by Hansenula mrakii on vegetable media.

A determination of the ascospore producing potential forHansenula mrakii of several vegetable media, showed celery and tomato media to be much superior to all others tested, and with celery slightly better than tomato medium. The stimulatory effect on ascospore production, at least in the instance of tomato, appears to be due to a neutral substance which is not extractable with ether, is destroyed by heating under pressure in the presence of acid, and which can be removed by norite adsorption at pH 6.8 and by precipitation with silver nitrate or basic lead acetate.
A sample purification method for rugged and high-performance DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis using replaceable polymer solutions. B. Quantitative determination of the role of sample matrix components on sequencing analysis.

In the previous paper, a sample cleanup procedure for DNA sequencing reaction products was developed, in which template DNA was removed by ultrafiltration and the total concentration of salts (chloride and di- and deoxynucleotides) was decreased below 10 microM using gel filtration. In this paper, a quantitative study of the effects of these sample solution components on the injected amount and separation efficiency of the sequencing fragments in capillary electrophoresis is presented. The presence of chloride and deoxynucleotides in a total concentration above 10 microM in the sample solution significantly decreased the amount of DNA sequencing fragments injected into the capillary column. However, the separation efficiency was not affected upon increasing the amount of salt. On the other hand, in the presence of only 0.1 microgram of template in the sample (one-third of the lowest quantity recommended in cycle sequencing) and at very low chloride concentration (approximately 5 microM), the separation efficiency decreased by 70%, and the injected amount of DNA sequencing fragments was 40% lower compared to the sample cleaned by the new purification method. The deleterious effect of template DNA on the separation of sequencing fragments was suppressed in the presence of salt in a concentration above 100 microM in the sample solution. Separately, it was found that both the electric field strength and duration of injection affected the resolution of DNA sequencing fragments when the cleaned up sample solution was used. Separation efficiencies of 15 x 10(6) theoretical plates/m were achieved when the sample was loaded at low electric field, e.g., 25 V/cm for 80 s or less. The results demonstrate that the sample solution components (chloride, deoxynucleotides, template DNA) and injection conditions must be controlled to achieve high performance and rugged DNA sequencing analysis.
Strained semiconductor structures for polarized electrons

Limitations of strained semiconductor structures for polarized electrons reported to date are described, in particular, critical layer thickness and partial and unisotropic lattice relaxation. We also proposed a new strain-compensated superlattice to circumvent these problems.
An overall probability of winning heuristic for complex risky decisions: Choice and eye fixation evidence

When faced with multi-outcome gambles involving possibilities of both gains and losses, people often use a simple heuristic that maximizes the overall probability of winning (Pwin). Across three different studies, using choice data as well as process data from eye tracking, we demonstrate that the Pwin heuristic is a frequently used strategy for decisions involving complex (multiple outcome) mixed gambles. Crucially, we show systematic contextual and individual differences in the use of Pwin heuristic. We discuss the implication of these findings in the context of the broader debate about single versus multiple strategies in risky choice, and the need to extend the study of risky decision making from simple to more complex gambles.
The Melanesian Cargo Cults: A Test of the Value‐Added Theory of Collective Behavior*

This research examines Smelser's value-added theory of collective behavior. According to Smelser, six determinants are necessary for the development of a social movement: structural conduciveness, structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, mobilization of participants, and social control. As a test of this analytic framework, two Melanesian cargo cult movements and the general history of these movements are investigated. On the basis of a historical and comparative analysis that relies upon both primary and secondary sources, the six factors outlined in the theory are shown to be present. The relevance of these findings for the explanation of social movements is discussed.
MULTIOBJECTIVE INPUT DESIGN FOR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION- FREQUENCY SELECTION FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

Abstract An explicit multiobjective optimization formulation is proposed for choice of input harmonics in a multi-harmonic signal for identification of non-linear systems. The constraints form an exclusive disjunction (XOR) which are coded using binary variables. The resulting multiobjective optimization problem is formulated as an Integer Linear Program (ILP).
Transferring and Identification of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene on Arbitrary Substrates

The transferring and identification of single- and few- layer graphene sheets from SiO2/Si substrates to other types of substrates is presented. Features across large areas (∼cm2) having single and few-layer graphene flakes, obtained by the microcleaving of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), can be transferred reliably. This method enables the fast localization of graphene sheets on substrates on which optical microscopy does not allow direct and fast visualization of the thin graphene sheets. No major morphological deformations, corrugations, or defects are induced on the graphene films when transferred to the target surface. Moreover, the differentiation between single and bilayer graphene via the G′ (∼2700 cm−1) Raman peak is demonstrated on various substrates. This approach opens up possibilities for the fabrication of graphene devices on a substrate material other than SiO2/Si.
Rapid fluorescence assay of glucose and neutral solute transport using an entrapped volume indicator.

A rapid fluorescence method is described for quantitative measurement of glucose and neutral solute transport in cells and sealed membrane vesicles based on volume changes accompanying transport. Membrane vesicles are loaded with the volume-sensitive indicator fluorescein sulfonate (FS) which undergoes concentration-dependent fluorescence self-quenching. In response to an inward solute gradient, there is a rapid decrease in vesicle volume due to osmotic water efflux, followed by solute entry and volume increase. Rates of solute influx are calculated from the time course of vesicle volume reported by FS fluorescence. To validate the method, D-glucose transport was measured in sealed red cell ghost membranes (RBC) and microvillus vesicles (MVV) isolated from human placenta. RBC D-glucose transport was stereospecific and inhibited by cytochalasin B (KI = 0.2 microM) and phloretin (KI = 4 microM). D-Glucose fluxes determined by FS fluorescence were identical to those determined by D-[3H]glucose uptake; in D-[3H]glucose uptake studies, FS did not itself alter D-glucose transport. In MVV, D-glucose transport was saturable (Km = 25 +/- 1 mM, Vmax = 8 +/- 1 nmol/s.mg protein) and inhibited by cytochalasin B and phloretin. This fluorescence transport assay provides an accurate method to measure neutral solute uptake in sealed membranes (cells, vesicles liposomes), of particular use for rapid screening of large numbers of samples, when labeled solute is unavailable, or when the quantity of membrane or isolated transport protein is limited.
Interactive selection of optimal section orientations using real-time MRI

In applications where precise image section positioning is vital, the interactive section rotation and offset capabilities of interactive MRI should be valuable. However, due to the independent nature of these two adjustments, the desired structure may often not be visible in the image after a rotation. Valuable time is wasted during relocation. An algorithm is presented that automatically alters the section offset after a rotation to provide continuous viewing of a marked structure, greatly improving section orientation efficiency. The technique is illustrated in the determination of double oblique angulation for through-plane imaging of the portal vein. This algorithm is expected to prove useful in applications of interactive MRI requiring precise positioning.
Tolerance for Ambiguity, Risk Preference, and Negotiator Effectiveness*

It is a commonly accepted belief in both the axiomatic and noncooperative game literatures that negotiators' risk preferences affect bargaining outcomes [28] [33]. However, there is little systematic empirical evidence to support this conclusion and virtually nothing on the moderating effect of one negotiator's risk preference on the other negotiator in a dyad. Further, bargaining models are typically based on Subjective Expected Utility theory, which provides no scope for incorporating the decision maker's tolerance for ambiguity. An experiment was conducted to test specific hypotheses on the effect of risk preference and tolerance for ambiguity on negotiator effectiveness. The risk preference of the negotiators was experimentally induced while their tolerance for ambiguity was measured. The results indicate that negotiator effectiveness increases as the negotiator's preference for risk increases, though this increase is mitigated by the risk preference of the dyadic partner. Further, when the negotiators in a dyad are matched on risk preference, the negotiator with a greater tolerance for ambiguity is more effective. However, when the negotiators are not matched on risk preference, their attitude towards ambiguity moderates the effect of risk preference. These results suggest that bargaining models need to include both risk preference and tolerance for ambiguity to expand their descriptive power.
On the calculation of the reaction matrix in finite nuclei

A method is suggested for calculating the reaction matrix in finite nuclei from any local or non-local potential. It employs a harmonic oscillator Pauli operator and purely kinetic particle states. Particle and hole states are properly orthogonalized. Bare reaction matrix elements to be used in shell-model calculations for A = 18 nuclei are given as sample results. They are based on the soft-core Reid potential.
An extension of the database language SQL to capture more relational concepts

An extension of the database language SQL is described which introduces several new concepts into the language that are standard in the relational model, but surprisingly not present in available SQL-based systems such as SQL/DS and DB2.
Protonic conduction in acceptor-doped KTaO3 crystals

Abstract Crystals of KTaO3 doped with Cu2+, Fe3+ or Ni3+ can be charged with H+ by heating in water vapor. Such crystals then become protonic conductors with an activation energy for proton hopping of ∼ 1 eV. The isotope effect is studied by replacing H+ by D+.
The effect of cross porting on derived displacement volume

Derived displacement volume (Vi) is very important for the calculation of volumetric and torque efficiency of positive displacement machines. A method for determining the derived displacement volume of a unit was introduced by Toet. This method is known to be more accurate than the current ISO 8426 standard, yet still has a speed dependent error. This paper reveals the main cause of the speed dependent error found in the method by Toet for the determination of derived displacement volume. An accurate pump model enabled the analysis of complex flow interactions inside a positive displacement machine. The analysis of the flows isolated the variations in derived displacement volumes to be dependent on the design of the valve plate. A case study of two valve plates with and without cross porting verified cross porting’s influence on derived displacement volume. Steady state measurement and the pump model simulations at low pressure differences show that the effective displacement volumes (Ve) at different rot...
Slow brain potentials in a visual-spatial memory task: topographic distribution and inter-laboratory consistency

Abstract Slow brain electrical potentials (SPs) were investigated in a visual-spatial memory task. Two issues were addressed: (1) the nature and topographic distribution of the potentials obtained under such conditions; and (2) the consistency of the SPs when recorded in six identically configured laboratories. Fifteen young male subjects were studied at each laboratory (total n =90). The paradigm entailed presentations of paired visual patterns (S1 and S2), to which subjects responded with a choice reaction time response indicating whether or not the two patterns matched. A biphasic contingent negative variation (CNV) was produced which consisted of an early symmetric component with bilateral foci at posterior temporal sites and a subsequent mid-parietal dominant wave later in the retention interval. Although the CNVs from all laboratories were similar in waveform and in topographic distribution, there were significant inter-laboratory differences in amplitude of the slow potential components. The topographic distributions of the components and the possible role of sampling effects are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
SU-GG-BRC-07: 4DCT-Based Measurement of Radiation Induced Changes in Pulmonary Function

Purpose The present treatment‐planningdosimetry constraints for the lung are based on studies that assume lungtissue is homogeneous in its response to toxicity, irrespective of tissue location or underlying function. No human studies have investigated the relationships between local lung function, spatial radiation dose distribution, and radiation induced lung function changes. We are able to observe radiation‐induced changes in lungtissue function using 4DCT and image registration.Method and Materials Two 4DCT data sets before and after RT from one patient are used in this study. Nonlinear, 3D image registration was applied to register the maximum exhalation image to the maximum inhalation image for the calculation of local lung expansion as a measurement of regional pulmonary function. We compared the changes of pulmonary function before and after RT with planned radiation dose at different locations of the lung.Results The registration accuracy analysis indicated our registration error is on the order of 1 mm. The pulmonary function change in left lung where the tumor is located is larger than it is in right lung (maximum Jacobian change is respectively 0.23 and 0.15). The highest correlation of the pulmonary function change to the delivered radiation dose is in regions which are at the distance of 20 to 25 mm to the tumor region (linear regression, r = −0.73). Further plots between the radiation dose and the pulmonary function change suggest the lungtissue function change is not sole based on radiation dose.Conclusion We described a technique that uses 4DCT, image registration and biomechanical analysis to measure regional lung function. We compared the regional lung function before and after RT to the planned radiation dose distribution and examined the differences at the treatment location and in non‐treatment regions. Conflict of Interest VIDA Diagnostics, Inc (shareholder).
The health disparities of uterine fibroid tumors for African American women: A public health issue

Uterine fibroid tumors (leiomyomas) are the most common benign pelvic tumors in women and are the major indication for hysterectomy. Fibroid tumors are more common and more severe among African American women. Although this disease disproportionately affects the African American population, we understand little about what causes the disparity. Fibroid tumors should be considered a public health issue, given the magnitude of the problem and the costs of health care for this disease. In this review, we examine the burden of disease from fibroid tumors in the African American population and review the natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine fibroid tumors, with emphasis on how these can differ, depending on race. We also focus on the socioeconomic burden caused by the disease and describe the anticipated influence of new health care reforms and funding mechanisms for fibroid tumor research.
Winter Wheat Cultivars with Temperature-Sensitive Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus Do Not Recover from Early-Season Infections.

Abstract Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus, all vectored by the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella Keifer, frequently cause devastating losses to winter wheat production throughout the central and western Great Plains. Resistant ‘Mace’ and ‘RonL are commercially available and contain the wsm1 and wsm2 genes, respectively, for resistance to WSMV. However, the resistance in these cultivars is temperature sensitive, ineffective above 27°C, and does not protect against the other common wheat viruses. The majority of winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains is planted in early fall as a dual-purpose crop for both grazing and grain production. Early planting exposes wheat plants to warmer temperatures above the threshold for effective resistance. Studies were conducted to determine whether the resistance found in these cultivars would give infected plants the ability to recover as temperatures cooled to a range conducive to effective genetic resistance. RonL, Mace, ...
A LIGHT-SCATTERING STUDY OF THE AGGREGATION OF OVALBUMIN NEAR ITS ISOELECTRIC PH.

Abstract 1. 1. Light-scattering studies of the aggregation of ovalbumin near its isoelectric point reveal that the rate of change in turbidity increases with increasing protein concentration, temperature, and ionic strength but decreases rapidly with increase in pH above the isoelectric point. 2. 2. Heating ovalbumin at 35° for several hours in aqueous (I 0.05) solution near its isoelectric pH produces a few (relative to the number of monomers remaining) very large aggregates with a negligible population of intermediate size. The apparent weight-average molecular weight and the diameter of the aggregates are about 2·1010 g·mole−1 and 3400 A, respectively. Electron micrographs of the aggregates confirm their large size. 3. 3. A tentative aggregation mechanism proposes a first-order, rate-determining, nucleation step to account for the low number concentration, followed by rapid aggregation, primarily with native monomer units, to account for the large size of the aggregates.
Isolation, characterization, and mapping of a zinc finger gene, ZFP95, containing both a SCAN box and an alternatively spliced KRAB A domain.

A new zinc finger gene of the Kruppel family was identified by screening a human fetal cartilage cDNA library with degenerate oligonucleotides. Sequence analysis indicates that ZFP95 contains 12 highly conserved zinc finger motifs at the C-terminus and a SCAN box as well as a KRAB A domain at the N-terminus of the protein. ZFP95 represents a member of a new subclass of Kruppel zinc finger proteins containing both a SCAN box and a KRAB domain. Sequence comparison revealed that ZFP95 is the human ortholog of murine Zfp95, which is differentially expressed during spermatogenesis. We demonstrate that ZFP95 is ubiquitously expressed in adult and fetal tissues with the strongest expression in testis. Two transcripts, 4.2 and 4.6 kb, were detected in all tissues tested. In testis, a third transcript of 3.8 kb was present. RT-PCR analysis confirmed alternative splicing for the KRAB A domain and an upstream exon leading to three transcripts of ZFP95 with and without this transcriptional repressor domain. Finally, we show that ZFP95 maps on human chromosome 7q22 between the markers D7S651 and WI-5853.
Models, Norms and Sharing

Third and fifth grade children were exposed to a model who either shared with them, gave to a mental health charity or refused to share. Their subsequent sharing with the model, mental health, or a Toys for Tots charity or their refusal to share was observed, along with their answers to a questionnaire designed to assess the salience of a norm of altruism for them. Both specific and generalized imitation of altruism was found, and salience of sharing appeared to be strongly related to actual sharing and weakly related to experimental conditions.
A Comparison of Kinetic Energy Budget Analyses Derived from the NCAR GCM and Observed Data

Abstract A diagnostic energetics analysis of short-range, real-data forecasts produced by the NCAR General Circulation Model is performed by computing the forecast kinetic energy budget for a single case study and comparing it with budget statistics derived from observational data. Comparisons are made for the Northern Hemisphere as well as for a limited region encompassing most of North America. The hemispheric analysis reveals that significant losses of kinetic energy occur in the first 48 h of the forecast period. Also, computations of the kinetic energy generation and dissipation reveal that the model may be underestimating the intensity of the atmospheric energy cycle. Within the limited region the model captures the essential features of the large-scale flow, but fails to reproduce adequately the energy sources and sinks necessary for the development and subsequent propagation of a short synoptic-scale wave system.
The Pharmacologic Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome: New Tricks and Novel Agents

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a manifestation of massive resection of the intestines resulting in severe fluid, electrolyte, and vitamin/mineral deficiencies. Diet and parenteral nutrition play a large role in the management of SBS; however, pharmacologic options are becoming more readily available. These pharmacologic agents focus on reducing secretions and stimulating intestinal adaptation. The choice of medication is highly dependent on the patient’s symptoms, remaining anatomy, and risk versus benefit profile for each agent. This article focuses on common and novel pharmacologic medications used in SBS, including expert advice on their indications and use.
Anti-U1A monoclonal antibodies recognize unique epitope targets of U1A which are involved in the binding of U1 RNA

The U1A (or nRNP A) protein is known to play a critical role in eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylation. Previous studies revealed that several mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognized U1A as part of the U1snRNP, while MAb 12E12 was unique in that it recognized an epitope that is masked when U1A is bound to U1 RNA. In order to further characterize and understand the antigenic targets of these MAbs, we undertook fine specificity epitope mapping studies. Anti-U1A MAbs 12E12 and 10E3 each recognize unique peptides from the U1A protein. Interestingly, these MAbs recognize epitopes which have been shown to be antigenic in human autoimmune diseases. When superimposed on structures of U1A derived from crystal and NMR data, the major epitope recognized by 12E12 (amino acids 103–108) localizes to the surface of the U1A molecule. The 12E12 epitope is immediately adjacent to a helix which probably reacts to U1 RNA binding by undergoing a conformational change. This modification of structure effectively masks the 12E12 epitope, thus preventing binding of the monoclonal to U1A/U1 RNA complexes. These findings suggest that the structure of the U1A protein may be different when not part of the U1snRNP. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase by Src.

Abstract Using information obtained from experiments with peptide substrates of v-Src, a motif within the cGMP-binding domain of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) was identified as a potential phosphorylation site for v-Src. Here we show that the purified Iα isozyme of cGK is phosphorylated stoichiometrically and in a time-dependent manner by purified Src in vitro. The kinase activity of cGK is elevated approximately 4-fold (relative to autophosphorylated cGK) or 10-fold (relative to unphosphorylated cGK) upon tyrosine phosphorylation by Src. Phosphorylation of cGK by v-Src produces modest effects on the cGMP-binding properties and dissociation rates of cGK, and reduces the k act for cGMP. We hypothesize that the mechanism of activation may involve coupling of the cGMP binding domain to the catalytic domain.
Lunar Anorthosite 15415: Texture, Mineralogy, and Metamorphic History

Lunar anorthosite 15415 consists almost entirely of anorthite (homogeneous anorthite 96.6 molecule percent), with accessory diopsidic augite and traces of hypersthene, ilmenite, and a silica mineral. The rock has had a complex metamorphic history. The texture reflects at least two episodes of shearing (followed by intense and partial recrystallization, respectively), one episode of cataclastic deformation, and one or more episodes of shattering and fragmentation.