cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-Orbit Coupling in the Proton-Proton Interaction

The proton-proton interaction is examined at high energies. A phenomenological potential is derived from the scattering data. In the triplet state, this potential has a strong short-range (\ensuremath{\sim}0.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm) repulsive core region, outside of which a long-ranged tensor force and extremely short-range spin-orbit (L\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}S) force are effective. Good fits can be obtained to all the $p\ensuremath{-}p$ data below 310 Mev. More important, at 310 Mev the calculated phase shifts are very close to the phase shifts which give the best fit found in a phase-shift analysis of the 310-Mev data, and at all lower energies precision fits to the experimental data can be obtained by very slight (if any) changes in the calculated phase shifts.
Gap Junction-Mediated Intercellular Signaling in Health and Disease

Long ago, we all believed that a gap-junction channel was a gap-junction channel, whether it was in crayfish axons or mouse heart, liver or lens. The molecular-biological revolution has changed all that: not only are there now more than a dozen cloned mouse genes belonging to three distinct but only mildly divergent connexin groups, but invertebrate gap-junction channels appear to be formed by an altogether different gene family or families, newly termed the ‘innexins’.
A search for the elusive red form in substituted PtII bipyridine complexes

Abstract An expedient method for the synthesis of [Pt(bu 2 bpy)Cl 2 ], 1 , (bu 2 bpy) = 4,4′-di- tert -butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, is reported. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the complex 1 revealed that the monomers stack in a head-to-tail fashion with the interplanar separation of 3.7 A. The platinum centers are 5.643 A apart and the bipyridine portion of the ligands are anti to each other and offset. X-ray crystal structure analyses were performed for the complexes [PtMe 2 (bu 2 bpy)] ( 2 ), [PtMe 2 (Me 2 bpy)] ( 3 ), (Me 2 bpy) = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and [PtMe 2 (bpy)] ( 4 ), (bpy) = 2,2′-bipyridine, and various aspects of these structures are discussed.
Widespread Presence of Large Molecular Weight Adrenocorticotropin-Like Substances in Normal Rat Extrapituitary Tissues

ACTH activity in glacial acetic acid extracts of normal rat tissues was studied by both ACTH RIA and a sensitive in vitro bioassay. ACTH immunoactivity was found in all tissues: brain, 278 ± 54 (mean ± SE; picograms per mg protein); stomach, 59 ± 4; kidney, 47 ± 3; colon, 40 ± 4; small intestine, 37 ± 4; liver, 18 ± 2; and heart, 16 ± 3. Tissue ACTH showed parallelism with CTH standard in the RIA. No correlation existed between tissue ACTH and plasma ACTH in normal rats. Dexamethasone treatment (0.4 mg/day for 5 days) suppressed plasma ACTH, but did not affect tissue ACTH levels. When tissue extracts were passed through Sephadex G-75-SF columns, ACTH immunoactivity was exclusively eluted in the portion of bigger molecular weight than ACTH standard, except in the brain. Based on this column chromatography, the molecular weight of the main peak of activity was estimated as 26,000. Tissue ACTH-like material contained no detectable biological activity (<2 pg/100 ng tissue). However, biological activity was ea...
Seeing Ethnic Succession in Little Italy: Change despite Resistance

This illustrated paper is the latest in a long series based on visual sociological research which I have conducted about how the meanings of neighbourhood spaces are changed by the agency of even the least of their inhabitants. Specifically, it attempts to demonstrate how the Italian-American character, or version of Italianness (Italianita), of four of New York City's most well-known Little Italies (Mulberry Street and East Harlem in Manhattan, Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, Belmont, Bronx) has been affected by the invasions of new and different ethnic groups. The spatial and semiotic logic of diasporic/transnational processes that have taken place over the course of a century is presented here in the form of scholarly and journalistic reportage, as well as photographic images. All these sources document and illustrate contrasting and changing demography, but here special attention is paid to commercial vernacular landscapes which play a major role in defining the ethnic (in this case Italian) quality of city ne...
Covert expectation-of-reward in rat ventral striatum at decision points

Flexible decision-making strategies (such as planning) are a key component of adaptive behavior, yet their neural mechanisms have remained resistant to experimental analysis. Theories of planning require prediction and evaluation of potential future rewards, suggesting that reward signals may covertly appear at decision points. To test this idea, we recorded ensembles of ventral striatal neurons on a spatial decision task, in which hippocampal ensembles are known to represent future possibilities at decision points. We found representations of reward which were not only activated at actual reward delivery sites, but also at a high-cost choice point and before error correction. This expectation-of-reward signal at decision points was apparent at both the single cell and the ensemble level, and vanished with behavioral automation. We conclude that ventral striatal representations of reward are more dynamic than suggested by previous reports of reward- and cue-responsive cells, and may provide the necessary signal for evaluation of internally generated possibilities considered during flexible decision-making.
Organizing emergency preparedness within United States public health departments.

Summary Objectives We examined the manner in which state public health agencies have organized their operations to accomplish the goals associated with emergency preparedness (EP) funds. We also examined the leadership challenges associated with the effective utilization of preparedness funds. Methods The websites of all 50 state public health organizations in the USA were examined in order to determine the different approaches that states have used to organize for preparedness. Thirty-eight states provided sufficient information to allow for classification of their organizational approach to EP. Telephone interviews were conducted with representatives in three model states to obtain deeper insights into the organizational approach. Results Three predominant organizational models were identified as a means to address the challenge of organizing for preparedness. The results confirmed the equifinality principle of organization (there may be more than one equally effective way to organize) and demonstrated that, contrary to the prescription of early management thought, there is no ‘one best way’ to organize. Leadership rather than formal management emerged as the primary contributor to perceived EP. Specifically, interviews with preparedness professionals indicated that they believed expert power was more important than position power and the ability to negotiate and influence through persuasion was more important than formal authority. Conclusions All three models contained, to a greater or lesser degree, elements of matrix management with the associated leadership challenges for emergency preparedness (EP) directors. Recommendations were provided for successful leadership in the context of EP directors in state departments of public health.
Phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics

Abstract Molecular sequence analysis is an evolving field important to phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Here, some of the pitfalls and practical solutions in this young but increasingly important area of comparative genomics, together with its relationship with bioinformatics, are discussed.
What Factors Influence Judges’ Rulings About the Legality of Affirmative Action Plans?

When implementing affirmative action programs involving race and gender, human resource practitioners must balance efforts to increase workforce diversity against the need to avoid illegal reverse discrimination. The tension between non-discrimination law and preferential treatment is explored. In reverse discrimination case law, affirmative action plans are evaluated by judges along two dimensions: remedial need and limiting harm. The legal literature specifies certain factors such as statistical imbalance, employee qualification, and duration of plan that are usually examined within these two dimensions. A content analysis of 80 federal court cases was conducted to quantitatively analyze the weight and importance of these factors within judicial rulings as well as contextual factors (e.g., judge’s political affiliation, beneficiary of program) that may influence the outcome of affirmative action lawsuits. It was found that remedial need can be demonstrated by large statistical disparities in the workforce, and was also more likely to be found by Democratic than Republican judges. Limiting harm is more likely to be supported by plans that are of limited duration and do not use reserved slots, or quotas. The study provides empirically based recommendations for the design of legally defensible affirmative action plans that involve preferential treatment.
Ultraviolet spectroscopy of cometary comae: An update

This report provides an update to the reviews of ultraviolet spectroscopy of comets presented by Feldman (1982, 1983). Recent developments are largely related to the use of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE), which to date has now observed approximately 20 comets. Distant, dusty comets are considered, taking into account Comet Bowell (1982 I), and Comet Cernis (1983l). Attention is also given to earth-approaching comets, the periodic Comet Encke in 1980 and 1984, and planned ultraviolet observations of P/Halley. It is pointed out that a large number of ultraviolet spectroscopic and imaging programs are planned for the 1985-86 apparition of Comet Halley utilizing encounter spacecraft, satellite and Space Shuttle borne observatories, and suborbital sounding rocket flights.
EFFECTS of DRYING TEMPERATURE and DESUGARIZATION ON GELATION CHARACTERISTICS of EGG WHITE SOLIDS

Liquid egg whites with and without desugarization were dried at temperatures of 50, 65, 80, and 95C. Gel samples of the egg white solids were prepared and their characteritics measured. Results indicated that the grel firmness decreased as drying temperature of egg white solids increased. Desugarized egg white solids has tower gel firmness readings than those of nondesugarized egg white solids. No gel formation were observed for egg white solids prepared at 95C.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGWD): an unseen yet potentially important coastal phenomenon in Canada

Both terrestrial and fresh or marine forces drive underground fluid flows in the coastal zone. Hydraulic gradients on land result in groundwater seepage near shore and may contribute to flows from confined aquifers further out on the shelf. The terrestrial and oceanic forces overlap spatially, so measured fluid advection through coastal sediments may be a result of composite forcing. “Subsurface/submarine groundwater discharge” (SGWD) can be defined as any and all flow of water on continental margins from the seabed to the coast, regardless of fluid composition or driving force. SGWD is typically characterized by low specific flow rates, making detection and quantification difficult. However, because such flows occur over very large areas, the total flux is significant. Discharging fluids, whether derived from land or composed of re-circulated seawater, will react with sediment components. These reactions may substantially increase the concentrations of nutrients, carbon, and metals in the fluids. These fluids are thus a source of biogeochemically important constituents to the coast. Terrestrially derived fluids represent a pathway for the flux of new material to the coast. This may result in diffuse pollution in areas where the discharge of contaminated groundwater occurs. This review presents an historical context of SGWD studies, defines the process in a form that is consistent with our current understanding of the driving forces as well as our assessment techniques, and reviews the estimated global fluxes and biogeochemical implications. This review concludes that, to fully characterize marine geochemical budgets, one must give due consideration to SGWD. New methodologies, technologies, and modeling approaches are required to discriminate among the various forces that drive SGWD, pollutants to evaluate these fluxes more precisely to Canadian coast.
Darwinian natural selection acting within populations.

Abstract Assume three things about a population; that heredity is Mendelian; that genotypes have unchanging numerical Darwinian fitnesses; and that mating is random. New qualitative and quantitative results in the mathematical theory of homogeneous non-linear transformations, some of them suggested by biological considerations, have numerous biological implications. The adaptation of the population as a whole increases with time whether mating is continuous or seasonal. The frequency of a given gene can rise and then fall, or fall and then rise, if there are at least three alleles of the gene at one locus. Biological opportunism, a change of composition of the population so violent that it leads to lower adaptation then a gentler change in the same direction, can occur when mating is seasonal. There is positive probability of achieving a stable equilibrium at which several alleles of the gene at one locus each occur in a positive percentage of the population. These results do not depend on an assumption of independent selection of different hereditary characters at several loci. But when this independent selection assumption is dropped the random mating hypothesis ceases to be biologically realistic, even at the theoretical level, as a simple example shows. The mathematical setting of this theory does more than predict results and indicate how to perform computations. It suggests biological questions and indicates that some questions do not seem to make sense. It is a deterministic theory. But it has cases, easily picked out on the basis of a knowledge of the fitnesses involved, which can only be described probabilistically. In these cases, some of which involve intense selection, complete knowledge of the environmental conditions and the initial genetic composition of a population is in the nature of things insufficient to enable an observer to predict the ultimate genetic composition of a population with certainty.
Homecoming as Safe Haven or the New Front: Attachment and Detachment in Military Couples

Traumatized military couples represent a new population for the application of attachment theory constructs. An innovative clinical social work practice model, grounded in a synthesis of social and psychological theories, aims to assist these couple and families who are navigating very difficult transitions. Since social support is known to be a central protective factor in mediating the long-term adverse effects of combat trauma, this therapeutic focus addresses two compelling problem areas: the disruption of secure attachments and affect dysregulation. The effects of deployment stressors on soldiers, their intimate partners, and their families are discussed in depth. Clinical illustrations highlight the utility of a phase-oriented culturally responsive couple therapy practice approach that has clear clinical implications for military couples.
P2X7 receptor immunoreactive profile confined to resting and activated microglia in the epileptic brain

The purpose of this study was to identify the CNS cellular constituent immunoreactive for specific P2X7 receptor antiserum in the kainate-induced seizure and non-seizure rat brain. Analysis of P2X7 immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed small immunoreactive cells with processes showing distinct morphological changes as seizures progressed in time. These morphological changes were reminiscent of reactive glia during CNS injury. In order to determine the identity of this non-neuronal cellular constituent, we employed dual ICC techniques using sequential antibody incubations and reacted the sections with contrasting chromagens. Specific glial markers tested in the series included Iba1 (microglia), COX-1 (microglia), and GFAP (astroglia). Results of this study revealed distinct colocalization when sections immunostained for P2X7 were dual immunostained with antisera specific for microglia (Iba1, COX-1). In contrast, no colocalization was evident when sections were dual immunostained with P2X7 and GFAP, an astrocytic marker. In the latter experiment, dual ICC revealed two distinct cell populations with contrasting color demonstrating a population of distinct GFAP immunopositive cells and a population of distinct P2X7 immunopositive cells. We conclude that P2X7 antiserum used in this study is specific for and identifies microglia in rat and that there exists a timeline of progressive changes in microglia morphology that can be demonstrated following kainate-induced seizures. In addition, the morphological changes in microglia following seizure induction that can be identified with P2X7 antisera or with antisera specific for microglia suggest a neuroinflammatory milieu in areas of CNS seizure activity.
Externalizing behaviors among children of HIV seropositive former and current drug users: parent support network factors as social ecological risks.

Children affected by their parents’ dual drug use and HIV/AIDS face considerable challenges to their psychosocial development, including parent dysfunction and foster care placement. While HIV/AIDS may increase parents’ mobilization of social support, their drug use may restrict who is available to help them, with potential implications to the adjustment of their children with whom they remain in contact. This study sought to identify dually affected children’s living situations, and parent and parent’s support network factors as correlates of children’s externalizing problem behaviors. An urban community sample of 462 HIV seropositive, current or former drug-using parents were queried about their children aged 5–15 years old. One hundred ninety-four children were reported by 119 parents. The outcome was children’s externalizing behaviors of ever having been suspended or expelled from school, criminal-justice system involvement, or illicit drug or heavy alcohol use. Independent variables included kin and drug users in parent’s support network. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for the potential correlation of children of the same parent. Among parents, 63% were mothers, 57% current opioid or cocaine users, 85% were African American, 35% had AIDS or CD <200, and 53% had high depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16); median age was 38. Among children, median age was 12; 23% lived with the nominating parent, 65% with other family, and 11% in non-kin foster care. While only 34% of parents reported child custody, 43% reported daily contact with their child, and 90% reported high emotional closeness. Parents reported externalizing behaviors among 32% of the children. Logistic regression indicated that externalizing behavior was positively associated with parent’s physical limitations and proportion of illicit drug users in parent’s support network. A significant interaction was found indicating that the effect of parent’s support network-level drug use was greater for children living with versus not living with the parent. The model adjusted for parent’s current drug use and depressive symptoms, which were not significant. Results indicate that while only a minority of these dually affected children lived with the parent, the parents’ physical limitations and embeddedness in drug using support networks, particularly if living with their children, was associated with the children’s maladjustment. It is plausible that these factors interfere with parenting, expose the children to conflict or adverse social influences, or obligate children to assume caregiving for their parent. While dually affected children’s contact with their parents may have important benefits, results suggest it presents ongoing needs for intervention with the children, their parents, and caregivers.
Microstructure and deformation mechanism of 0 0 0 1 magnesium single crystal subjected to quasistatic and high-strain-rate compressiveloadings

Abstract 0 0 0 1 magnesium single crystal samples were mechanically tested under compressive loadings at a quasistatic strain rate (0.001 s −1 ) and a dynamic strain rate (1000 s −1 ), respectively. The tested samples were then investigated through various microstructural characterization techniques. Dynamic loading led to much higher maximum strength and larger strain hardening rate than quasistatic loading for the tested material. The microstructure features were clearly different from each other for the two loading conditions, which indicated that the deformation mechanisms for the quasistatic testing were different from those for the dynamic testing. The microstructure analysis showed that (a)prismatic and secondary pyramidal dislocation operations happened in the samples under quasistatic loading and dynamic loading, while tension twinning and tension–compression double twinning also happened in the sample under quasistatic loading; (b)the sample under high-strain-rate dynamic loading remained as single crystal, while that under quasistatic loading was refined to become polycrystalline; and (c)twinning operations under quasistatic loading led to grain refinement.
The destruction of crown-gall bacteria in periwinkle by high temperature with high humidity.

, AND . 1947. Chemistry and methods of enzymes. New York. , ,AND E. SISLER. 1944. The influence of dextrin upon the synthetic action of plant phosphorylase. Jour. Biol. Chem. 152: 479-480. SWANSON, M. A. 1948. Studies on the structure of polysaccharides. IV. Relation of the iodine color to the structure. Jour. Biol. Chem. 172: 825-837. WYNNE, A. M. 1946. Non-oxidative enzymes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 15: 35-74. YIN, H. C., AND C. N. SUN. 1947. Histochemical method for the detection of phosphorylase in plant tissue. Science 105: 650. , AND . 1949. Localization of phosphorylase and of starch formation in seeds. Plant Physiol. 24: 103-110.
Even signings, signed switching classes, and (−1, 1)-matrices☆

Abstract In this paper, algebraic and combinatorial techniques are used to establish results concerning even signings of graphs, switching classes of signed graphs, and (−1, 1)-matrices. These results primarily deal with enumeration of isomorphism types, and determining whether there are fixed elements under the action of automorphisms. A formula is given for the number of isomorphism types of even signings of any fixed simple graph. This is shown to be equal to the number of isomorphism types of switching classes of signings of the graph. A necessary and sufficient criterion is found for all switching classes fixed by a given graph automorphism to contain signings fixed by that automorphism. It is determined whether this criterion is met for all automorphisms of various graphs, including complete graphs, which yields a known result of Mallows and Sloane. As an application, a formula is developed for the number of H-equivalence classes of (−1, 1)-matrices of fixed size. Independently, using Molien's theorem and following a suggestion of Cameron's, generating series for these numbers are given. As a final application, a necessary and sufficient condition that a square (−1, 1)-matrix be switching equivalent to a symmetric matrix is given.
Electro-oxidation of small organic molecules on well-characterized PtRu alloys

The electro-oxidation of methanol, formic acid, and carbon monoxide in sulfuric acid electrolyte was studied using uhv-prepared polycrystalline PtRu alloy electrodes. The alloys were sputtercleaned in uhv and the surface composition was determined definitively with low energy ion scattering (LEIS) prior to clean transfer to an electrochemical cell. At the optimum surface composition, the alloys increase the oxidation kinetics of all three molecules by a factor of 5–30 at 25°C. The optimum composition for methanol oxidation was different from that for the other two molecules, 7 at.% and 46 at.% Ru, respectively. The effect of Ru in the Pt surface on the catalysis of oxidation of all three molecules could be rationalized by a bifunctional mechanism. Ru sites nucleate oxygen-containing species at 0.2–0.3 V lower potentials than on the pure Pt surface; the adsorbed carbonaceous species are preferentially oxidized at these sites by surface diffusion from sites where adsorption occurs. PtRu pair sites nucleate a more active form of oxygen-containing species than RuRu pairs or Ru clusters. The optimum surface composition of Ru maximizes the PtRu pair sites within the constraints of the optimum ensemble for adsorption of the molecule. In the case of CO and HCOOH, adsorption is equally facile at PtPt, RuRu and PtRu sites, and the optimum surface composition is 50 at.% Ru. For methanol, the optimum adsorption site is a C3v Pt ensemble, and the composition which simultaneously maximizes the number of these ensembles and PtRu pairs is ≈ 10 at.% Ru.
Rheumatologists' awareness of and screening practices for Hepatitis B virus infection prior to initiating immunomodulatory therapy

Objective To assess the degree of awareness of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines and package insert information on the screening for and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by rheumatologists in patients receiving immunomodulation drug therapies. Method A questionnaire survey was administered to a nationwide sample of 1,000 members of the ACR. Each participating physician answered questions regarding their awareness of the risk of HBV reactivation, familiarity with published guidelines regarding HBV reactivation, their decision process in screening patients for HBV, knowledge of antiviral treatments for HBV, personal experience with HBV reactivation, and preferred approach to prophylaxis and subsequent monitoring of those patients. Results Responses were highly variable with regard to awareness, screening, and treatment options. The overall response rate was 15.3%. Of those surveyed, 7.4% had seen HBV reactivation. Depending on the agent, 19–53% were aware of manufacturers' warnings for HBV reactivation within drug package inserts. Nearly three-quarters (72%) would screen for HBV reactivation regardless of the presence/absence of manufacturers' warnings. Only 69% reported performing universal screening prior to initiating therapy with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The majority (81%) would defer to a gastroenterologist/hepatologist to determine prophylactic therapy for HBV. Only 22% had managed patients who were given prophylaxis against HBV reactivation while receiving immunosuppressants. Conclusion Based on this survey, improving education among rheumatologists regarding the risks of HBV reactivation and its prevention for patients receiving immunosuppressants seems warranted. More specific consensus guidelines are recommended to achieve universal screening as the standard of care in these patients, especially with the increasing prevalence of HBV infection estimated in the US.
Nucleon to Delta weak excitation amplitudes in the nonrelativistic quark model.

We investigate the nucleon to \ensuremath{\Delta}(1232) vector and axial vector amplitudes in the nonrelativistic quark model of the Isgur-Karl variety. A particular interest is to investigate the SU(6) symmetry breaking, due to color hyperfine interaction. We compare the theoretical estimates to recent experimental investigation of the Adler amplitudes by neutrino scattering.
Kinetics of gelation growth in a sol-gel transition by a computer-simulation model

A computer simulation model is used to study the kinetics of gelation of a low concentration of bifunctional (C 2 ) and tetrafunctional (C 4 ) monomers on a simple cubic lattice. The mobilities of the monomers and the microgels particles are considered. Monomers react with their neighbors with a certain probability after hopping with a fixed number of steps. Growth of the concentration of saturated bonds, weight average degree polymerization, and the volume fraction of the gel are studied as a function of reaction time. We find that the critical gel time (i.e. the gel point} depends nonlinearly on the mobility steps of hopping
1335 PREDICTION OF RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA (RLF)

Incidence and severity of RLF was defined by a standard grading system in 269 premature infants with birth weight (BW)≤2000 gm or gestational age (GA) ≤36 weeks and needing oxygen (O2) therapy Prediction of mean severity of RLF (acute stage, all babies) was studied by a multiple regression equation which reports proportion of total outcome variance (cumulative R Square) accounted for by the predictor variables available. It selects independent variables in order of additional contribution to RSq, the best predictor being selected first. Very weak predictors do not enter the equation. The last RSq in the summary table represents the total variance accounted for by all risk factors considered and amounts to only 35.8%.From a clinical standpoint, only BW (or GA) is a major predictor. Carefully controlled O2 Rx seems to pose only a small risk. As yet undefined differences, probably largely genetic, (Phelp's queen effect), are of major importance. The Dependent Variable is Mean Severity of RLF for All Infants
Controlling effects of ATP, mg2+ and CTP in the biosynthesis of lipids.

Abstract 1. 1. The main aim of this work was to test the controlling effects of essential cofactors on lipid biosynthesis. The effects of ATP, Mg2+, CTP, CMP, phosphoryl choline and cytidine diphosphate choline on the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into lipids of rat-liver homogenates have been studied. ATP promotes [14C]glycerol incorporation into all lipids and this incorporation is preferentially directed into phosphatidyl ethanolamine and lecithin when Mg2+ is added. The effect of CTP, in the presence of ATP and Mg2+, is concentration-dependent; 0.001 M CTP does not affect phosphatidyl ethanolamine and lecithin labeling but stimulates incorporation into diglycerides and triglycerides, whereas 0.01 M CTP suppresses phosphatidyl ethanolamine and lecithin labeling and promotes incorporation into diglycerides and triglycerides. The effects of 0.01 M CTP are Mg2+-dependent. CMP has effects similar to those of CTP. Phosphoryl choline and cytidine diphosphate choline inhibit the labeling of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and lecithin in the rat-liver system studied.
Capacity of Multivariate Channels with Multiplicative Noise: Random Matrix Techniques and Large-N Expansions (2)

We study memoryless, discrete time, matrix channels with additive white Gaussian noise and input power constraints of the form Y i = ∑ j H ij X j + Z i , where Y i , X j and Z i are complex, i = 1… m, j = 1… n, and H is a complex m× n matrix with some degree of randomness in its entries. The additive Gaussian noise vector is assumed to have uncorrelated entries. Let H be a full matrix (non-sparse) with pairwise correlations between matrix entries of the form E[H ik H * jl] = 1/n C ij D kl, where C, D are positive definite Hermitian matrices. Simplicities arise in the limit of large matrix sizes (the so called large-n limit) which allow us to obtain several exact expressions relating to the channel capacity. We study the probability distribution of the quantity f(H) = log (1+PH † SH) . S is non-negative definite and hermitian, with TrS = n and P being the signal power per input channel. Note that the expectation E[f(H)], maximised over S, gives the capacity of the above channel with an input power constraint in the case H is known at the receiver but not at the transmitter. For arbitrary C, D exact expressions are obtained for the expectation and variance of f(H) in the large matrix size limit. For C = D = I, where I is the identity matrix, expressions are in addition obtained for the full moment generating function for arbitrary (finite) matrix size in the large signal to noise limit. Finally, we obtain the channel capacity where the channel matrix is partly known and partly unknown and of the form α; I+ β H, α,β being known constants and entries of H i.i.d. Gaussian with variance 1/n. Channels of the form described above are of interest for wireless transmission with multiple antennae and receivers.
Gore-Tex Medialization Thyroplasty: Objective and Subjective Evaluation

Management of vocal fold paralysis and paresis continues to give rise to controversy and the use of numerous surgical techniques. The senior authors' (RTS, JRS) initial experience with fourteen patients using Gore-Tex Medialization Thyroplasty suggests that this technique has value. Evaluation included pre- and postoperative videostroboscopic assessment, aerodynamic measures, acoustic analysis, phonatory analysis, psychoacoustic evaluation, and patient self-evaluation. Stroboscopic and perceptual assessments were blinded. Statistical analysis supports the efficacy of this technique.
Self-assembled polyaniline nanofibers/nanotubes

A facile chemical polymerization is introduced to synthesize relatively long polyaniline nanofibers/nanotubes via self-assembly. 1-D elongation is achieved through the rapid formation of a substantial amount of dimer cation−radicals using excess initiator. 1-D nanostructures can be altered into 3-D hollow micro-/nanospheres in the presence of surfactant or counterion additives.
SU-E-T-593: VMAT Vs. IMRT for Treatment of Neoplasms of the Brain: Dosimetric Quality and Delivery.

Purpose: A retrospective study was performed to determine any dosimetric or delivery benefits for treatment planning with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) versus volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for the treatment of brainneoplasms.Methods: Eighteen patients treated with modulated brainradiotherapytreatments were included in this study (primary treatment volumes of 15.3 to 374.9 cc). IMRT and VMAT plans were generated for each patient using the same criteria for prescription coverage and normal tissue sparing. IMRT optimizations ranged from five to seven fields and VMAT from two to four arcs. Plans were generated with Varian Eclipse treatment planning system utilizing AAA‐8615 dose calculation algorithm. Results: VMAT optimizations provided limited dosimetric advantages versus IMRT. VMAT provided superior treatment volume coverage (volumes receiving 95%, 100% of prescription dose (V95%, V100%)) over IMRT, but differences were not statistically significant (paired t‐test p > 0.05). Relative maximum dose values, conformity and homogeneity indices also exhibited no statistical differences. IMRT plans resulted in similar mean brain minus treatment volume (Brain‐ TV) dose (mean = 1460.1 vs. 1506.3 cGy; p = 0.056). The volume of Brain‐ TV receiving 40Gy was lower for VMAT than IMRT (average = 38.96 vs. 44.97 cc; p = 0.050). Maximum skindose was lower for VMAT (mean = 4568.8 vs. 5063.3cGy; p = 0.006), as well as skin V20Gy (6.56% vs 7.69%; p = 0.027) and V40Gy (0.56% vs. 0.35%; p = 0.017). VMAT plans required fewer fields along with fewer MU than IMRT (mean = 388.2 vs. 721.1 MU, respectively), allowing for approximately 20% faster delivery times. Conclusions: VMAT treatments significantly reduced treatment time due to reduced MU and fewer fields. Certain skin and Brain‐TV high dose spread parameters were superior for VMAT as compared to IMRT plans. All other dosimetric parameters tested were statistically equivalent for VMAT and IMRT techniques.
Blood hemoglobin values of dairy cattle.

The blood hemoglobin value of dairy cattle has been used as an index of the nutritional status of an animal with respect to iron, copper and cobalt. The literature is somewhat conflicting as to what constitutes a normal blood hemoglobin value for dairy cattle. Dukes (1) reports 12.2 g. hemoglobin per 100 ml. of blood as the normal hemoglobin value of the bovine species, whereas McCay (6) regards 10.9 g. as normal. Much of the conflicting evidence may be due in part to the many and varied methods of analysis. Many types of optical instruments have been used with variable results. Chemical analyses have not been too reliable. Inasmuch as difficulty is encountered in interpreting the literature with respect to a normal blood hemoglobin, additional data are desirable. In connection with mineral studies of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, the blood hemoglobin value has been used as an index of the iron, copper and cobalt status of dairy cattle throughout the state. This study reports the results of hemoglobin values obtained under various conditions.
Beam diagnostics and control at Aladdin

Abstract Monitoring of the beam position and profile in the Aladdin storage ring is accomplished by a combination of direct measurements of the electron beam and observation of synchrotron radiation. The beam position monitor system uses a network of stripline pickup electrodes to determine the beam position by measuring the induced signals on a pair of diametrically opposed pickups. Position and profile information is also obtained from an optical system consisting of linear scanning photodiode arrays and associated optics. Correction of the orbit is done by a computer program which uses a phenomenological linear model based on measurements of correction magnet effects. The resulting linear least squares problem is solved for the optimum set of corrections using singular value decomposition.
The structural basis of the mutagenicity of chemicals in Salmonella typhimurium: the Gene-Tox data base.

Abstract The CASE structure-activity methodology has been applied to a Gene-Tox derived Salmonella mutagenicity data base consisting of 808 chemicals. Based upon qualitative structural features, CASE identified 29 activating and 3 inactivating structural determinants which correctly predicted the probability of carcinogenicity of 93.7% of the known mutagens and non-mutagens in the ata base (sensitivity 0.998, and specificity = 0.704). Additionally, based upon a qualitative structure-activity analysis, CASE's performance was even better, leading to a sensitivity of 0.981 and a specificity of 1.000. Using the structural determinants identified in this data base, CASE gave excellent predictions of the mutagenicity of chemicals not included in the data base. The identified biophores and biophobes can also be used to investigate the structural basis of the mutagenicity of various chemical classes.
Discriminative stimulus effects of combinations of pentobarbital and ethanol in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Rhesus monkeys (N = 3) were trained in a 2-lever drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate pentobarbital (PB; 10 mg/kg, i.g., 60 min pre-session) from saline. Lever pressing was maintained under a discrete-trials shock avoidance schedule of reinforcement (30 trials/day, 30-s ITI, FR1). Before test sessions, in which responding on either lever was reinforced, the monkeys were injected with PB and ethanol (EtOH), alone or in combination. Administration of PB alone resulted in a dose-related increase (0–100%) in the percentage of responses emitted on the drug-appropriate lever. The mean ED50 for PB was 7.0 mg/kg (95% C.L. = 6.3–7.7 mg/kg). When administered 60 min pre-session, EtOH engendered a dose-related increase in PB appropriate trials and substituted completely for PB at 3.0 g/kg in two monkeys. In the third monkey, EtOH engendered a maximum of 65% PB-appropriate responding at 1.7 g/kg given 30 min pre-session and predominantly saline-appropriate responding at other pretreatment times. The group ED50 for EtOH at the time of maximum effect was 1.9 g/kg (95% C.L. = 1.4−2.5 g/kg). Administration of 0.3 g/kg EtOH in combination with PB had little or no effect on the PB dose effect function (PB ED50 = 6.7 mg/kg) while 1.0 g/kg EtOH shifted the PB dose-effect function to the left in all monkeys, an average of approximately 3-fold (PB ED50 = 2.1mg/kg). Isobolographic analysis of the effects of the combination revealed that EtOH and PB were dose additive.
A review of the biologic effects of spine implant debris: Fact from fiction

Background Biologic-reactivity to implant-debris is the primary determinant of long-term clinical performance. The following reviews: 1) the physical aspects of spinal-implant debris and 2) the local and systemic biologic responses to implant debris.
Recommendations for the Long-Term Success of Industrial Collaboration in Engineering Training Programs (Keynote Paper)

The Engineering Department at Harvey Mudd College developed an industrial sponsored engineering training program in the mid 1960’s. The program now called “The Clinic” is a central part of Harvey Mudd College. Over the years, representatives from a number of colleges have visited our campus in an effort to learn about the program and implement similar programs at their home institutions. The efforts to duplicate the HMC Clinic Program at other institutions have met with varied success. The reasons for the less than perfect success rate are discussed and guidelines for developing a firmly anchored program with potential for long-term survivability and growth are discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Therapeutic use of immunoglobulins.

E. Richard Stiehm, MD*, Jordan S. Orange, MD, PhD, Mark Ballow, MD, Heather Lehman, MD Division of Immunology/Allergy/Rheumatology, Mattel Children’s Hospital, UCLA School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA, USA Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Women & Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY, USA
Direct Dynamics Simulations of Collision- and Surface-Induced Dissociation of N-Protonated Glycine. Shattering Fragmentation†

Direct dynamics classical trajectory simulations are used to study energy transfer and unimolecular dissociation in collisions of N-protonated glycine, (gly-H)+, with an argon atom and a hydrogenated diamond {111} surface. The (gly-H)+ potential is represented by the AM1 semiempirical electronic structure theory and analytic potentials developed previously are used for the diamond surface and the (gly-H)+/Ar and (gly-H)+/diamond intermolecular potentials. The AM1 potential for (gly-H)+ gives the same collisional energy transfer distributions as does the AMBER empirical force field. For (gly-H)+ + diamond {111} at a collision energy and angle of 70 eV and 45°, the average percent energy transfer to (gly-H)+ vibration/rotation, to the surface, and to final ion translation are 12, 38, and 50, respectively. A distribution of (gly-H)+ dissociation products are observed in these collisions, with ∼55% of the dissociations occurring while (gly-H)+ collides with the surface, i.e., shattering fragmentation. Shatter...
Green approach to bulk and template-free synthesis of thermally stable reduced polyaniline nanofibers for capacitor applications

An extremely simple green approach is described that generates bulk quantities of nanofibers of the electronic polymer polyaniline in fully reduced state (leucoemeraldine form) in one step without using any reducing agent, surfactants, and/or large amounts of insoluble templates. Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with acetic acid instead of HCl (conventional synthesis) dramatically changes the morphology of the resulting doped polyaniline powder from nonfibrillar (particulate) to almost exclusively nanofibers of the reduced leucoemeraldine state in the diameter range 20 nm to 50 nm depending on the acetic acid concentration. These reduced leucoemeraldine polyaniline nanofibers undergo a spontaneous redox reaction with noble metal ions under mild aqueous conditions, resulting in deposition of various shapes, such as leaf, particulate, nanowires and cauliflower for Ag, Pd, Au, and Pt, respectively, on the surface of polyaniline nanofibers, affording a facile entry into this technologically important class of metal–polymer nanocomposites. These nanofibers also can act as seed templates to synthesize polyaniline nanofibers by conventional HCl doped synthesis where particulate morphology normally dominates. The ensuing polyaniline nanofibers have a broad final decomposition temperature which is at least 120 °C higher and have a very high dielectric constant ≈3500 at higher frequency when compared to reported reduced polyaniline and HCl based polyaniline.
Facile construction of polyene molecules with high hückel molecular orbital degeneracy

Abstract The previously reported nonalternant diradicals are reinterpreted as being zwitterions. The easy construction of polyene molecules with highly degenerate Huckel molecular orbitals is demonstrated.
Comparison of a 4000-reaction chemical mechanism with the carbon bond IV and an adjusted carbon bond IV-EX mechanism using SMVGEAR II

The well-known carbon bond IV (CBIV) chemical mechanism (33 species, 81 reactions) is compared with an adjusted carbon bond mechanism (ACBM) (109 species, 233 reactions) and a more explicit master chemical mechanism (MCM) (1427 species, 3911 reactions) in tests of their predictions of O 3 ,N O x ("NO#NO 2 ), HCHO, HNO 3 ,H 2 O 2 , and peroxyacetlynitrate (PAN). The ACBM was developed from a fourth mechanism, the expanded carbon bond mechanism (CBM-EX), by explicitly including the decomposition of C 2 H 6 ,C 3 H 8 , and C 3 H 6 . All three mechanisms tested were updated with the inorganic chemistry from the ACBM and implemented into the sparse-matrix, ordinary di!erential equation solver, SMVGEAR II. Sparse-matrix treatment in SMVGEAR II reduced the number of calculations during matrix decomposition for the MCM by a factor of 15,000 (99.995%), or from an estimated 154 h to 37 s of cpu time per simulation day in one grid cell on an SGI origin 2000, in comparison with a full-matrix solution. Computer time for each mechanism was linearly proportional to the number of species in the mechanism. It is shown that the three mechanisms agreed closely when aromatic concentrations were initially low in comparison with alkane, alkene, and aldehyde initial concentrations. When aromatic concentrations were initially high (higher than that observed in urban air), the yields of O 3 , HCHO, and PAN di!ered signi"cantly among the three mechanisms although the daily maximum concentrations of these species agreed better. The aromatic representation in MCM appears to lead to systematic overprediction of ozone, according to a comparison with smog chamber data. For initial conditions taken from measurements at nine sites in Los Angeles, the daily maximum concentrations of O 3 , HCHO, PAN, and H 2 O 2 predicted by the three mechanisms di!ered by 30}50%, 10}40%, 15}40%, and 60}80%, respectively. The relative di!erences between the daytime series of O 3 , HCHO, H 2 O 2 , and PAN predicted by the three mechanisms were 7}68%, 7}46%, 35}150%, and 10}64%, respectively. The use of the aromatic scheme of ACBM in MCM signi"cantly reduced the disagreement with respect to ozone. The measurement of H 2 O 2 in smog chamber experiments would be useful in validating chemical mechanisms. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
An exercise and telephone follow-up programme reduced emergency readmissions and improved quality of life in older people.

### Design: randomised controlled trial. ### Allocation: {concealed}*.† ### Blinding: blinded {data collectors, data analysts, and safety committee}*.† ### Setting: tertiary metropolitan hospital in Australia. ### Patients: 128 patients ⩾65 years of age (mean age 79 y, 76% women, based on 122 patients) who were admitted to hospital for an acute medical condition and had ⩾1 risk factor for readmission (included age ⩾75 y, recent multiple admissions, multiple comorbidities, functional impairment, and depression). Exclusion criteria were need for home oxygen, inability to walk independently for 3 metres, or cognitive deficit. ### Intervention: exercise and telephone follow-up intervention (n = 64) or usual care (n = 64). The intervention included …