cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hedonic capacity in schizophrenics and their twins

Audio-taped interviews recorded in the Gottesman-Shields schizophrenic twin series (17 pairs of identical twins, 14 pairs of fraternal same-sex twins, and 12 unpaired twins) were rated for level of hedonic capacity. Schizophrenics who were not hospitalized at the time of their interview were rated significantly lower (more impaired) on hedonic capacity than their normal co-twins. A significant negative correlation was also found between hedonic capacity and severity of illness. Hedonic capacity was found to be genetically influenced, although it appeared to be less heritable than the global diagnosis of schizophrenia. These results are consistent with Meehl's suggestion that reduced hedonic capacity is a heritable personality trait which potentiates the development of schizophrenia among those who are genetically predisposed to the disorder. The results suggest that anhedonia is not a phenotypic vulnerability marker for schizophrenia.
Reconfigurable real-time MIMO detector on GPU

In a high performance multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, a soft output MIMO detector combined with a channel decoder is often used at the receiver to maximize performance gain. Graphic processor unit (GPU) is a low-cost parallel programmable co-processor that can deliver extremely high computation throughput and is well suited for signal processing applications. We propose and implement a novel soft MIMO detection algorithm and show we meet real-time performance while maintaining flexibility using GPU.
Oxygen Gradients in the Microcirculation

Tsai, Amy G., Paul C. Johnson, and Marcos Intaglietta. Oxygen Gradients in the Microcirculation. Physiol Rev 83: 933–963, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00034.2002.—As arterialized blood transits from the c...
Pediatric home health: the need for physician education.

Home health represents a spectrum of exciting practice possibilities for the pediatrician. Care in the home can be provided for acute, intermediate, or long-term health conditions. An acute infection can be treated at home with physician or nurse visits; a relapse of leukemia or chronic infection (osteomyelitis) can be managed at home with intermittent drug therapy. Home care can involve high technology (mechanical ventilators), low technology (assistive mobility aids), or no technology. Home care can be provided only by family members or with supplemental support from neighbors, friends, personal attendants, or professionals on an intermittent or continuous care basis. For the physician, home care may involve discharge planning, postdischarge care oversight (telephone, documentation), or just "an old-fashioned house call."
Conserved charges of the extended Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra

Isolated objects in asymptotically flat spacetimes in general relativity are characterized by their conserved charges associated with the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group. These charges include total energy, linear momentum, intrinsic angular momentum and center-of-mass location, and, in addition, an infinite number of supermomentum charges associated with supertranslations. Recently, it has been suggested that the BMS symmetry algebra should be enlarged to include an infinite number of additional symmetries known as super-rotations. We show that the corresponding charges are finite and well defined, and can be divided into electric parity ``super center-of-mass'' charges and magnetic parity ``superspin'' charges. The supermomentum charges are associated with ordinary gravitational-wave memory, and the super center-of-mass charges are associated with total (ordinary plus null) gravitational-wave memory, in the terminology of Bieri and Garfinkle. Superspin charges are associated with the ordinary piece of spin memory. Some of these charges can give rise to black hole hair, as described by Strominger and Zhiboedov. We clarify how this hair evades the no-hair theorems.
Delay Discounting and Alcohol Abusers: More Impatient Even When Not Impulsive?

Many studies have found: (i) substance abusers discount delayed rewards more than non-abusers do, which is widely interpreted as implying that substance abusers are more impulsive than non-abusers; and (ii) discounting increases most sharply with time when delays are brief, and then increases more slowly as delays grow longer, in a pattern called “hyperbolic” that is at odds with exponential discounting. In a sample of 157 college students we implement a new delay discounting task introduced by Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a,b) that faces participants with rather complex choices about sooner and later rewards. We also follow Andreoni and Sprenger in giving participants explicit assurances that chosen future rewards will, in fact, be delivered, which past studies have not. Echoing Andreoni and Sprenger, but contrary to (ii), we find that most participants’ discounting is exponential in this new task. We nonetheless confirm (i). We discuss several possible explanations for our participants discounting exponentially. That both participants with problems and those without tend to discount exponentially in our task indicates neither group is behaving impulsively in our experimental setting. Finding, as we do, marked differences in exponential discounting between those with alcohol problems and those without suggests that better understanding the psychological roots and malleability of exponential discounting (that is, of impatience in the absence of impulsivity) might lead to new therapies for reducing substance abuse.
American Pride and Prejudice: Public Opinion on the Meaning of Obama’s Election as President

The reverberations from the 2008 election of Barack Obama as President still hold substantial meaning to members of the public. To some his election signified the possibility of the American dream, but for others his election either made no difference toward or threatened one’s America identity. One argument suggests that lower pride in Obama’s election is based on racial prejudice: those who hold more resentful racial beliefs are less likely to think Obama’s election is meaningful. A similar argument suggests that a racialized Obama is simply less liked than a deracialized Obama. Both arguments are based on sound theory, and testable in public opinion surveys; however, few studies have taken a rigorous approach to testing these hypotheses. Using three survey experimental studies (total N > 3,000) — two from national samples, and one from a statewide sample — I ask whether pride in Obama’s election as President is altered by randomized labels of him as the “first Black/African American/Non-White/Multiracial” President. I also consider the impact of racialized resentment toward African Americans on pride, as well as how resentment might exacerbate or diminish any effects across the racial and non-racial labels.
Pre-Employment Medical Screening and the Americans with Disabilities Act

With the recent unemployment crisis and 72% of disabled people 16 years of age and older not in the labor force, there is certainly a cause for alarm as to whether or not disabled individuals are receiving fair treatment in the pre-employment setting. Employment law attorneys should be cognizant of the medical evaluation process and that employers must procedurally follow a protocol whereby employers must gather non-medical information prior to gathering medical information and only after a bona-fide conditional offer of employment has been made. Another important consideration is that non-disability class members may now bring lawsuits under the broader scope of the ADA Amendments Act and plaintiffs are in a better position to make out a prima facie case. Finally, employment law attorneys should ask clients about any pre-employment questionnaires that may have commingled both medical and non-medical information and be weary of employers who disseminate confidential information recorded via medical inquiries.
The Effects of Post-Auction Bargaining between Bidders

I study an auction model in which the auction is followed by bargaining between bidders. Bidders with multi-unit demand bid for an object and then bargain over additional units. In the presence of post-auction interaction between players, equilibrium bidding strategies are sensitive to the amount and nature of information about bidders' valuations revealed by the auction. Standard auctions fail to allocate the good efficiently if some bids are announced. If the post-auction market is small enough, a first-price sealed-bid auction with no revelation of bids achieves efficiency. By choosing an optimal announcement policy the auctioneer can increase expected revenue.
Electrical spin injection and detection of spin precession in room temperature bulk GaN lateral spin valves

We report the measurement of diffusive electronic spin transport characteristics in an epitaxial wurtzite GaN lateral spin valve at room temperature. Hanle spin precession and non-local spin accumulation measurements have been performed with the spin valves fabricated with FeCo/MgO spin contacts. Electron spin relaxation length and spin-flip lifetime of 176 nm and 37 ps, respectively, are derived from analysis of results obtained from four-terminal Hanle spin precession measurements at 300 K. The role of dislocations and defects in bulk GaN has also been examined in the context of electronic spin relaxation dynamics.
The Social Context of Political Change: Durability, Volatility, and Social Influence

This article translates several explanations for contextual effects upon politics into mathematical, dynamic representations. These representations are used to consider several questions. Under what circumstances does the social context lead to durability and volatility in mass political preferences? Do different specifications of contextual influence lead to different conclusions regarding its dynamic consequences? Does the social context have different dynamic implications for individual preference and for the aggregate preferences of the population as a whole? These questions are not addressed by gathering and analyzing data, but rather by examining the deductive consequences of the various explanations for contextual influence.
Empirical Legal Scholarship: Reestablishing a Dialogue Between the Academy and Profession

Should legal academics begin to engage in a greater degree of empirical scholarship, I believe that the gap between law schools and the profession will not only cease to distend, but actually will begin to contract. If what I assert is true, or even partially true, the question remains: Why is there such a paucity of empirical legal scholarship? Part I of this article discusses the importance and value of the empirical method and empirical scholarship by briefly exploring the philosophy of Pragmatism and its influence on the law. Thereafter, part II explores why legal academics do not engage in empirical scholarship on a more frequent basis. Last, this article proposes a potential remedy with the hope of encouraging the production of more empirical scholarship.
Life at the top: Long-term demography, microclimatic refugia, and responses to climate change for a high-elevation southern Appalachian endemic plant

Abstract Plants existing in small and isolated populations often depend on microclimatic refugia that create local environments buffered from macroclimatic conditions. Currently much effort is devoted toward identifying features that create refugial conditions in the expectation that they will continue to serve as refugia into the future. However, the ability of a refuge to resist macroclimatic change is a biological question, not an abiotic one, since species can persist in these conditions while suffering slow decline. Here we test the ability of current refugial habitats of Geum radiatum, a narrowly endemic perennial herb specializing in cool, humid, high elevation sites, to continue to serve as refugia under present and future climatic conditions. We constructed integral projection models to characterize demography, and macro- and topoclimatic niche models to predict dynamics given climate change through 2070. This species' demography is characterized by high adult survival (about 97% annually), variable growth, frequent flowering, and rare seedling recruitment. Site relative humidity affected survival and reproduction, but predicted population growth rates under current conditions were similar for dry, wet, sheltered, and exposed sites (λ = 0.994–0.998). Augmentation by planting 20–70 seedlings annually would raise population growth rates to 1. Demographic modeling under future lower relative humidity predicted further reductions in population growth. Models of the species' macro- and microclimatic niche indicated that all populations had reduced climatic suitability by 2050 or 2080, with 58–83% falling below minimum suitability levels, depending on the climate scenario. G. radiatum's stable demography and habitat protection mean that, barring catastrophes, most populations are not facing extinction under current conditions. However, this species is extremely vulnerable to projected climate change even within its current refugial habitats. This study demonstrates that climate refugia that currently buffer rare species from macroclimatic extremes may not be able to do so under anticipated climate change.
Salicylate clearance, the resultant of protein binding and metabolism

Steady-state plasma salicylate concentrations and protein binding were examined in 9 normal subjects to determine relationships among daily dose, total and unbound salicylate concentrations, and total and unbound clearances. Aspirin doses ranging from 0.66 to 4.0 mg/kg/hr were given to steady state. Free and total salicylate concentrations were measured with spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, and equilibrium dialysis techniques. Although unbound clearance decreased over the therapeutic range, total clearance was unchanged. The former is a consequence of saturable metabolism; the latter, of saturable plasma protein binding as well as saturable metabolism. The fraction unbound increased linearly with unbound concentration. Clearance determined at 1.8 mg/kg/hr was used to predict levels obtained at higher aspirin doses. Analysis of residuals was used to ascertain the accuracy of the prediction. The coefficient of variation from prediction among subjects was found to be +/- 14%. It is concluded that, in normal subjects, salicylate clearance changes relatively little over the therapeutic range because the increasing fraction unbound compensates for decreasing clearance of unbound drug.
Abstract 029: Reduced Bone Marrow Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Modulates Inflammatory Factors and Alters Gut Microbiota

Brain - bone marrow (BM) communication is implicated in regulation of blood pressure (BP) in neurogenic hypertension (HTN), and chronic elevation of sympathetic drive contributes to BM inflammatory cell (IC) activity and promotes vascular inflammation. Our recent study linked gut dysbiosis to human and animal HTN; thus, we hypothesize that blocking the effects of sympathetic drive in the BM will result in reduction of BM ICs and modify gut microbiota. Methods : Whole BM cells were extracted from adrenergic receptor beta 1 and 2 knock out mice (Adrb1 tm1Bkk Adrb2 tm1Bkk /J KO) and reconstituted into lethally- irradiated C57BL/6J mice to generate C57-AdrB1.B2 KO chimera, characterized by reduced/diminished effect of sympathetic drive on the BM cells. Control mice (C57-C57) were generated by reconstitution of irradiated C57BL/6J with whole BM from C57BL/6J mice. All mice were recovered for 2-3 months prior to measurements. Specific primers were used to amplify variable region 4-5 of 16S rDNA from isolated fecal DNA. Purified amplicons were pooled to generate bacterial library, quantified by qPCR and subjected to Illumina Miseq sequencing. Reads were aligned with the Silva nonredundant 16S reference database. BP recordings were performed using radiotelemetry (DSI). Blood was collected at Night (8-9pm, i.e. at highest activity) for analysis of circulating ICs. Results : We observed a significant reduction of circulating ICs (CD4 + CD8 + : 2.3±0.6% vs. 0.876±0.1%; CD11b + : 15.4±4% vs. 8.5±0.8%; CD184 + CD62L + : 25±4.3% vs. 6.6±0.8%; (% of mononuclear cells)), and increase in endothelial progenitors (Tie2 + : 21.3±1.5% vs. 32.2±5.7%) in chimera vs. control. A trend in BP reduction was observed in chimera (Day: 110±6 vs. 101±2 mm Hg; Night: 130±2 vs. 123±2 mm Hg). Expansion of Bacteroidetes (control: 34.2%±3.0 vs. chimera: 49.9%±3.3), and contraction of Firmicutes (control: 63.9%±3.0 vs. chimera: 48.9%±3.8) were observed in chimera, lowering the F/B ratio two fold. Conclusion : Diminished effect of BM sympathetic drive dampens BM-derived ICs and favors the bloom of Bacteroidetes phylum, suggesting the role of BM in gut homeostasis.
Telstar, the Cold War, and the Origins of Global Communications

Beginning with the launch of Sputnik , the Cold War superpowers engaged in a race not only to control or militarize space, but also to influence world opinion with space-related feats. AT&T exploited American fears that the United States was losing this competition by publicizing its Telstar satellite as a privately designed product, ostensibly proving the superiority of a free enterprise system. AT&T argued that it should be allowed to manage a global communications network, but the American government eventually disagreed with the company’s monopolistic ambitions.
Selection of Master Degrees of Freedom

In the dynamic condensation the total degrees of freedom of a full model need to be divided into masters and slaves. Therefore, the selection of masters generally plays an important role in the condensation technique. Which and how many degrees of freedom should be kept as masters are the crux of the selection.
Analysis of varying control inputs for a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle

In UAVs, autopilot substitutes the pilot and undertakes autonomous control and navigation of the aircraft. The airspeed controller is an important part of autopilot which adjusts the speed of the aircraft according to the requirement in different phases of the flight, and avoids aircraft instability during difficult maneuvers. In the design of airspeed controller, most designers implement Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) compensators by using control input from throttle only. In this paper, we present the performance-based comparison of two airspeed control schemes. One method controls the airspeed in a conventional way i.e. by throttle as an input variable; while the other algorithm uses combination of throttle and elevator for tracking the airspeed commands. In our work, a non-linear model of UAV has been trimmed, linearized and decoupled for designing the linear controllers. The controllers are then applied to nonlinear model and simulation results for both are compared. The research clearly indicates that by using combination of throttle and elevator as control inputs, better airspeed control can be achieved both in terms of transient response and payload performance. This finding may be a useful contribution towards the effective airspeed control of aircrafts and UAVs.
Whole genome prediction and heritability of childhood asthma phenotypes

INTRODUCTION While whole genome prediction (WGP) methods have recently demonstrated successes in the prediction of complex genetic diseases, they have not yet been applied to asthma and related phenotypes. Longitudinal patterns of lung function differ between asthmatics, but these phenotypes have not been assessed for heritability or predictive ability. Herein, we assess the heritability and genetic predictability of asthma-related phenotypes. METHODS We applied several WGP methods to a well-phenotyped cohort of 832 children with mild-to-moderate asthma from CAMP. We assessed narrow-sense heritability and predictability for airway hyperresponsiveness, serum immunoglobulin E, blood eosinophil count, pre- and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), bronchodilator response, steroid responsiveness, and longitudinal patterns of lung function (normal growth, reduced growth, early decline, and their combinations). Prediction accuracy was evaluated using a training/testing set split of the cohort. RESULTS We found that longitudinal lung function phenotypes demonstrated significant narrow-sense heritability (reduced growth, 95%; normal growth with early decline, 55%). These same phenotypes also showed significant polygenic prediction (areas under the curve [AUCs] 56% to 62%). Including additional demographic covariates in the models increased prediction 4-8%, with reduced growth increasing from 62% to 66% AUC. We found that prediction with a genomic relatedness matrix was improved by filtering available SNPs based on chromatin evidence, and this result extended across cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal reduced lung function growth displayed extremely high heritability. All phenotypes with significant heritability showed significant polygenic prediction. Using SNP-prioritization increased prediction across cohorts. WGP methods show promise in predicting asthma-related heritable traits.
A novel candidate HPV vaccine: MS2 phage VLP displaying a tandem HPV L2 peptide offers similar protection in mice to Gardasil-9.

Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause approximately 5% of cancer cases worldwide. Fortunately, three prophylactic vaccines have been approved to protect against HPV infections. Gardasil-9, the most recent HPV vaccine, is predicted to offer protection against the HPV types that cause ∼90% of cervical cancer, 86% of HPV-associated penile cancers, and ∼93% of HPV-associated head & neck cancers. As an alternative to Gardasil-9, we developed and tested a novel candidate vaccine targeting conserved epitopes in the HPV minor capsid protein, L2. We displayed a tandem HPV31/16L2 peptide (amino acid 17–31) or consensus peptides from HPV L2 (amino acid 69–86 or 108–122) on the surface of bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs). Mice immunized with the MS2 VLPs displaying the tandem peptide or immunized with a mixture of VLPs (displaying the tandem peptide and consensus peptide 69–86) elicited high titer antibodies against individual L2 epitopes. Moreover, vaccinated mice were protected from cervicovaginal infection with HPV pseudoviruses 16, 31, 45, 58 and sera from immunized mice neutralized HPV pseudoviruses 18 and 33 at levels similar to mice immunized with Gardasil-9. These results suggest that immunization with a tandem, L2 peptide or a low valency mixture of L2 peptide-displaying VLPs can provide broad protection against multiple HPV types.
Multi-atom pattern analysis for binary superlattices

We present a method for the template-free characterization of binary superlattices. This is an extension of the Neighborhood Graph Analysis method, a technique which evaluates relationships between observed structures based on the topology of their first coordination shell [W. F. Reinhart, et al., Soft Matter, 2017, 13, 4733]. In the present work, we develop a framework for the analysis of multi-atom patterns, which incorporate structural information from the second coordination shell while providing a unified signature for all constituent particles in the superlattice. We construct an efficient metric for making quantitative comparisons between these patterns, making our algorithm the first capable of characterizing partial or defective superlattice structures. As in our previous work, we leverage machine learning techniques to characterize a range of self-assembled crystal structures, discovering a set of emergent collective variables which map each observed pattern into an intuitive global phase space. We demonstrate the method by performing classification of configurations from simulations of binary colloidal self-assembly in two dimensions.
Nowcasting Earthquakes: A Comparison of Induced Earthquakes in Oklahoma and at the Geysers, California

Nowcasting is a new method of statistically classifying seismicity and seismic risk (Rundle et al. 2016). In this paper, the method is applied to the induced seismicity at the Geysers geothermal region in California and the induced seismicity due to fluid injection in Oklahoma. Nowcasting utilizes the catalogs of seismicity in these regions. Two earthquake magnitudes are selected, one large say $$M_{\lambda } \ge 4$$ , and one small say $$M_{\sigma } \ge 2$$ . The method utilizes the number of small earthquakes that occurs between pairs of large earthquakes. The cumulative probability distribution of these values is obtained. The earthquake potential score (EPS) is defined by the number of small earthquakes that has occurred since the last large earthquake, the point where this number falls on the cumulative probability distribution of interevent counts defines the EPS. A major advantage of nowcasting is that it utilizes “natural time”, earthquake counts, between events rather than clock time. Thus, it is not necessary to decluster aftershocks and the results are applicable if the level of induced seismicity varies in time. The application of natural time to the accumulation of the seismic hazard depends on the applicability of Gutenberg–Richter (GR) scaling. The increasing number of small earthquakes that occur after a large earthquake can be scaled to give the risk of a large earthquake occurring. To illustrate our approach, we utilize the number of $$M_{\sigma } \ge 2.75$$ earthquakes in Oklahoma to nowcast the number of $$M_{\lambda } \ge 4.0$$ earthquakes in Oklahoma. The applicability of the scaling is illustrated during the rapid build-up of injection-induced seismicity between 2012 and 2016, and the subsequent reduction in seismicity associated with a reduction in fluid injections. The same method is applied to the geothermal-induced seismicity at the Geysers, California, for comparison.
Celebrating AACC's 70th Anniversary: 1948 to 2018-A Thank-you Note to the Founders.

Congratulations to the AACC on the 70th Anniversary of its 1948 creation! The Founders left an excellent legacy that continues to benefit health and healthcare. It is hard to believe that in 1948 the baby boomer was only a 3-year-old toddler. Back then, the entire US population consisted of 147 million individuals and was among the very best educated countries in the world. Approximately one-third of Americans had attained a high school diploma and about 6% of the US population had completed a 4-year college degree. Today, at 325 million, the US population is about 220% larger than it was in 1948. The education level of Americans has increased greatly …
Allogeneic Transplantation for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

There are only approximately 7,500 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma diagnosed in the United States annually. While there is a bimodal distribution in incidence, the majority of cases occur in young adults 15-30 years of age [1]. Initial therapy is highly successful with progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 10 years of 70-90% for early stage disease and 60-70% for advanced disease. For those relapsing after initial therapy, 30-50% are long-term survivors after an autologous stem cell transplant, making this one of the most curable adult malignancies. However, a small minority of these typically young and otherwise healthy patients will relapse even after an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and it is for these rare patients that allogeneic transplantation has been increasingly considered. Initially discarded in the early 1990s as being too toxic utilizing myeloablative conditioning, allogeneic transplantation for this disease is increasing again based on the availability of reduced intensity regimens and therapies that have decreased mortality due to regimen-related toxicities, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and opportunistic infections. Whether or not this will be an effective approach for multiply resistant patients remains to be determined, making this one of the most controversial areas in 2008 in allogeneic transplantation. This chapter outlines modern therapy for this group of lymphomas and the potential utility of allogeneic transplantation in select patients.
Relatedness of rabbit coronavirus to other coronaviruses.

Rabbit coronavirus (RbCV) was apparently first encountered in 1961 when Scandinavian investigators observed occasional mortality in rabbits used to propagate the Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum. Mortality rates reached 50 percent by 1968 and 75 percent by 1970. Contaminated samples of T. pallidum were brought to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, a World Health Organization center for the study of treponema-toses. There it was established that the causative agent was filterable, the heart was the target organ, and the agent was determined by electron microscopy to be a coronavirus. Also, complement fixing antibodies to the human coronaviruses 229E (two way cross) and OC43 (one way cross) were demonstrated in surviving rabbits. Immunofluorescent staining with anti-229E serum localized fluorescence in the interstitial tissue of the myocardium.
Iodine Partitioning in Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generator Accidents

Measurements of iodine speciation in aqueous solution at 285{degrees}C and 1000 psig show a higher percentage as I{sub 2} in solutions at trace concentrations than at higher concentrations. A 1 {times} 10{sup {minus} 9} M I{sup {minus}} solution resulted in 2% I{sub 2}, whereas a 1 {times} 19{sup {minus}4} M I{sup {minus}} solution had only 0.1% I{sub 2}. These tests indicate that iodine at tracer concentrations can have a species distribution in solution that is not expected or observed at higher concentrations.
Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN): Chemotaxis, superoxide production, degranulation and N-Formyl-l-Methionyl-l-Leucyl-l-Phenylalanine (FMLP) Receptor Binding

Abstract 1. 1. We have examined the effects of tolmetin and meclofenamate on isolated human PMN functions under FMLP stimulating conditions. 2. 2. In a dose dependent manner, tolmetin and meclofenamate inhibited all PMN functions, except that tolmetin stimulated PMN chemotaxis. 3. 3. Meclofenamate was much more potent than tolmetin as an inhibitory agent. 4. 4. We also conducted competitive receptor binding assays for tolmetin, meclofenamate and ibuprofen on the FMLP receptor. 5. 5. All three NSAID inhibited FMLP binding in a dose dependent manner with the potency order being meclofenamate > ibuprofen > tolmetin.
Clearance of Radiolabeled Substances by Brain after Arterial Injection Using a Diffusible Internal Standard

This review considers various aspects of a method for measuring the selective permeability of the blood—brain barrier (BBB). A rapid injection is made into the common carotid artery (Fig. 1) of an anesthetized rat, and 5 s later the rat is decapitated. During this time, the contents of the injectate have passed through the brain microcirculation and those components that were not cleared by brain have been carried out of the brain blood compartment by continuous arterial input of blood. The test measures the fraction of a radiolabeled test substance that remains in the brain 5 s after carotid injection. Because the fraction of the injected material that entered the brain is unknown, a radiolabled diffusible substance (whose clearance by brain has been previously established) is included in the injectate, and its retention by the brain at 5 s is compared with the retention of the radiolabeled test substance of interest. Test substance clearances range from 0 to 100%. The lowest useful clearance measurable is about 1%. The following presentation describes details of the method and several modifications that extend its usefulness.
Foreign Language Tests and Reviews: A Monograph Consisting of the Foreign Language Sections of the Seven Mental Measurements Yearbooks (1938–72) and Tests in Print II (1974). Oscar Krisen Buros, Editor / Mathematics Tests and Reviews: A Monograph Consisting of the Mathematics Sections of the Seven Mental Measurements Yearbooks (1938–72) and Tests in Print II (1974). Oscar Krisen Buros, Editor.

(1976). Foreign Language Tests and Reviews: A Monograph Consisting of the Foreign Language Sections of the Seven Mental Measurements Yearbooks (1938–72) and Tests in Print II (1974). Oscar Krisen Buros, Editor / Mathematics Tests and Reviews: A Monograph Consisting of the Mathematics Sections of the Seven Mental Measurements Yearbooks (1938–72) and Tests in Print II (1974). Oscar Krisen Buros, Editor. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 156-158.
Window-of-opportunity clinical trial of a PD-1 inhibitor in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

2008Background: A Phase III study failed to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 therapy in recurrent GBM. This study was initiated to ascertain tumor immune modulatory properties of pemb...
EasyDetectDisease: An Android App for Early Symptom Detection and Prevention of Childhood Infectious Diseases

Background: Infectious diseases often lead to death among children under 5 years in many underdeveloped and developing countries. One of the main reasons behind this is an unawareness of disease symptoms among mothers and child caregivers. To overcome this, we propose the EasyDetectDisease mobile health app to educate mothers about the early symptoms of pediatric diseases and to provide them with practical advice for preventing the spread of such diseases in children under 5 years. The EasyDetectDisease app includes detailed knowledge of infectious diseases, including the corresponding symptoms, causes, incubation period, preventive measures, nutritional guidelines such as breastfeeding, video tutorials of child patients, and video guidelines by pediatric health experts to promote child health. It also provides information on the diagnosis of the infectious diseases based on symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability (eg, ease of use, easy detection of disease, functionality, and navigation of interfaces) of the EasyDetectDisease app among mothers of children under 5 years of age. Methods: Two health sessions, held in Pakistan, were used to evaluate the usability of EasyDetectDisease by 30 mothers of children under 5 years. The app was evaluated based on various quantitative and qualitative measures. Results: The participating mothers confirmed that they were able to diagnose diseases accurately and that after following the instructions provided, their children recovered rapidly without any nutritional deficiency. All participating mothers showed an interest in using the EasyDetectDisease app if made available by governmental public health agencies, and they suggested its inclusion in all mobile phones as a built-in health app in the future. Conclusions: EasyDetectDisease was modified into a user-friendly app based on feedback collected during the usability sessions. All participants found it acceptable and easy to use, especially illiterate mothers. The EasyDetectDisease app proved to be a useful tool for child health care at home and for the treatment of infectious diseases and is expected to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.
Non-Axisymmetric Structural Analysis of High Speed Rotor Orthotropic Retention Sleeve

This paper presents an analytical model for the structural analysis of orthotropic rotor retention sleeves of High-Speed Surface mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (SPMSMs). The solutions herein derived generalize existing analytical models for non-axisymmetric geometries, considering orthotropic materials (e.g. Fiber Reinforced Polymers). These rotor geometries arise when pole gaps are present, i.e. magnetically inert regions between rotor poles. This design feature allows magnet material savings, reduction in eddy current losses and overall mass minimization during the machine optimization. The results were validated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analytical model described is approximately 400 times faster to compute than FEA. This is particularly advantageous for machine design optimization using evolutionary algorithms, which require a large number of design evaluations.
Offspring Versus Nonoffspring to Parent Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Does Donor Relationship Matter?

BACKGROUND Offspring (donor) to parent (recipient) transplant is the most common form of living donor liver transplant in the United States. In kidney transplantation, it has been suggested that female recipients of offspring living donor kidney allografts have inferior outcomes. It is unknown whether such a phenomenon also occurs following living donor liver transplantation. METHODS A retrospective analysis was completed of recipients of a living donor liver transplant from January 1998 to January 2018 in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing database. Patients were grouped as having received a living donor liver allograft from either an offspring or a nonoffspring, with exactly 3 HLA matches, as would be expected between an offspring and parent. Graft and patient survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS A total of 279 offspring to parent and 241 nonoffspring donor liver transplants were included in the analysis. Female recipients of offspring liver allografts had both inferior 10-year graft (52% versus 72%; P < 0.001) and patient survival (52% versus 81%; P < 0.001) compared with female recipients of nonoffspring allografts. No such difference in outcomes was discovered among male recipients. A stratified analysis of sex of offspring donors to female recipients demonstrated that donor male gender was associated with graft failure (HR = 2.87; P = 0.04) and mortality (hazard ratio = 3.89; P = 0.03). Again, this association was not seen with male recipients. CONCLUSIONS Among female recipients, offspring to parent living donor liver transplantation yields inferior long-term graft and patient survival. Furthermore, among offspring donors, male sex was strongly associated with inferior outcomes. These findings have significant implications for donor selection.
Understanding the Impact of Girl Scout Engineering Programming on Middle School Girls’ Engineering Identity

This research category student poster paper presents the study design for understanding the impact of Girl Scout engineering programming on middle school girls’ engineering identity, which will be operationalized as their view of themselves as potential future engineers. Despite many years of recruitment efforts, women have remained underrepresented in the field of engineering. Previous research has shown the importance of experiences in elementary and middle school on students’ career choices, so these experiences must be leveraged. While experiences in the classroom are certainly valuable, experiences outside of the classroom can be equally influential. Understanding the impact of informal programs on developing engineering interests in girls, such as the ones offered by the Girl Scouts, will provide insight into how their engineering identity is developed. Ultimately, understanding this identity development will help recruit more women into the engineering field and reduce the gender gap which has been so persistent.
Abstract TMP39: Further Evidence of Safety and Tolerablity on 4 mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: By the proof of concept, a phase I tDCS current escalation safety study established the safety and tolerability of up to 4 mA with single session application in ischemic stroke patien...
Does the Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Vary According to Frailty as Measured via Deficit Accumulation

Background Individuals are often counseled to use behavioral weight loss strategies to reduce risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether any benefits for CVD risk from weight loss intervention extend uniformly to individuals across a range of underlying health states. Methods The time until first occurrence of a composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, hospitalized angina, or CVD death was analyzed from 8 to 11 years of follow-up of 4,859 adults who were overweight or obese, aged 45-76 years with Type 2 diabetes. Individuals had been randomly assigned to either an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or diabetes support and education (DSE). Participants were grouped by intervention assignment and a frailty index (FI) based on deficit accumulation, ordered from fewer (first tertile) to more (third tertile) deficits. Results Baseline FI scores were unrelated to intervention-induced weight losses and increased physical activity. The relative effectiveness of ILI on CVD incidence was inversely related to baseline FI in a graded fashion (p = .01), with relative benefit (hazard ratio = 0.73 [95% CI 0.55,0.98]) for individuals in the first FI tertile to no benefit (hazard ratio = 1.15 [0.94,1.42]) among those in the third FI tertile. This graded relationship was not seen for individuals ordered by age tertile (p = .52), and was stronger among participants aged 45-59 years (three-way interaction p = .04). Conclusions In overweight/obese adults with diabetes, multidomain lifestyle interventions may be most effective in reducing CVD if administered before individuals have accrued many age-related health deficits. However, these exploratory analyses require confirmation by other studies. Clinical trial registration NCT00017953.
Coherence of Global Hydroclimate Classification Systems

Abstract. Climate classification systems are useful for investigating future climate scenarios, water availability, and even socioeconomic indicators as they relate to climate dynamics. These classification systems typically utilize various forms of water and energy indicators to create zone boundaries. However, there has yet to be a classification framework that includes evapotranspiration (ET) rates as a governing principle, nor has there been an effort to simultaneously compare the structure and function of multiple existing classification schemes. Here, we developed three new classification systems based on ET rates and one new system based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and we compared these four new systems against four previously established climate classification systems. The within-zone similarity, or coherence, of long-term water budget components was evaluated for each system based on the premise that the application of a climate classification framework should correspond to those variables that are most coherent. Additionally, the complexity of zone boundaries in each system was assessed. The most frequently used system, Koppen-Geiger, had high hydroclimate coherence but also high spatial complexity. This study produced classification systems of improved coherence for individual water budget components, lower spatial complexity, and fewer parameters needed for their construction. The Water-Energy Clustering classification system is the primary framework proposed here for future investigations in which regions of interest include zones of differing hydrologic dynamics.
Associations between physical activity and energy and fatigue depend on sleep quality

Sleep and physical activity are independent predictors of energy and fatigue, but whether poor sleep quality moderates the association between physical activity and energy and fatigue remains uncle...
Predicting Terminal Mid-Air Collisions Through Simulator Experiments of Air Traffic Control

The workload of air traffic controllers (ATCs) is increasing due to the growing air traffic. Early alarms of loss of separation (LoS) events between aircraft are critical for ATCs to coordinate intensive traffic safely. The authors studied the time series of traffic densities and numbers of turning aircraft in a given sky section as early indicators of pending LoS. Simulator experiment produced data for comparing the prediction accuracies of the logistic regression models generated from the time series of traffic densities and numbers of turning aircraft, and combinations of these two. We studied different sections of the time series to examine the possibility of early detection and found that 1) the regression model based on the traffic density time series is more accurate than the model using the numbers of turning aircraft; 2) properly combining sections of the time series could produce models that achieve earlier predictions without losing accuracy.
Functional Mechanics of the Murine Pulmonary Heart Valve

Objective: Measuring the nonlinear elastic properties of murine heart valves is critical for understanding the functional mechanics of heart valves in a gene-modified mouse model. In this study, we...
Characterizing underwater noise during rain at the northeast Pacific continental margin

Large scale studies of underwater noise during rain are important for assessing the ocean environment and enabling remote sensing of rain rates over the open ocean. In this study, approximately 3.5 yrs of acoustical and meteorological data recorded at the northeast Pacific continental margin are evaluated. The acoustic data are recorded at a sampling rate of 64 kHz and depths of 81 and 581 m at the continental shelf and slope, respectively. Rain rates and wind speeds are provided by surface buoys located in the vicinity of each hydrophone. Average power spectra have been computed for different rain rates and wind speeds, and linear and nonlinear regression have been performed. The main findings are (1) the linear regression slopes highly depends on the frequency range, rain rate, wind speed, and measurement depth; (2) noise levels during rain between 200 Hz and 10 kHz significantly increase with increasing wind speed; and (3) the highest correlation between the spectral level and rain rate occurs at 13 kHz, thus, coinciding with the spectral peak due to small raindrops. The results of this study indicate that previously proposed algorithms for estimating rain rates from acoustic data are not universally applicable but rather have to be adapted for different locations.
Documentation and review of social determinants of health data in the EHR: measures and associated insights.

Objective Electronic Health Records (EHRs) increasingly include designated fields to capture social determinants of health (SDOH). We developed measures to characterize their use, and use of other SDOH data types, to optimize SDOH data integration. Materials and methods We developed 3 measures that accommodate different EHR data types on an encounter or patient-year basis. We implemented these measures-documented during encounter (DDE) captures documentation occurring during the encounter; documented by discharge (DBD) includes DDE plus documentation occurring any time prior to admission; and reviewed during encounter (RDE) captures whether anyone reviewed documented data-for the newly available structured SDOH fields and 4 other comparator SDOH data types (problem list, inpatient nursing question, social history free text, and social work notes) on a hospital encounter basis (with patient-year metrics in the Supplementary Appendix). Our sample included all patients (n = 27 127) with at least one hospitalization at UCSF Health (a large, urban, tertiary medical center) over a 1-year period. Results We observed substantial variation in the use of different SDOH EHR data types. Notably, social history question fields (newly added at study period start) were rarely used (DDE: 0.03% of encounters, DBD: 0.26%, RDE: 0.03%). Free-text patient social history fields had higher use (DDE: 12.1%, DBD: 49.0%, RDE: 14.4%). Discussion Our measures of real-world SDOH data use can guide current efforts to capture and leverage these data. For our institution, measures revealed substantial variation across data types, suggesting the need to engage in efforts such as EHR-user education and targeted workflow integration. Conclusion Measures revealed opportunities to optimize SDOH data documentation and review.