cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of iGrow: A Curriculum for Youth/Adult Dyads to Increase Gardening Skills, Culinary Competence, and Family Meal Time for Youths and Their Adult Caregivers.

This manuscript describes the development of a “learn by actively participating” curriculum for youth and their adult caregivers (dyad pair) to increase gardening skills, culinary competence, and family meal time. The curriculum was developed by integrating “iCook 4-H” and Junior Masters Gardener “Health and Nutrition from the Garden”, and “Essential Elements of 4-H Youth Development” curriculums with additional resources for gardening activities from the USDA’s My Plate and garden-based recipes. Expert reviewers (n = 11) provided feedback on the curriculum content, session structure, dosage, age appropriateness, and balance of the three focused areas. Seven family dyads (n = 14) participated in focus groups about understanding of need, interest, barriers, and potential engagement. A 10-week curriculum was developed and named: iGrow. The curriculum is a hands on, active learning program delivered through five, two-hour sessions using a family dyad model. Three main focus areas included gardening, culinary skills, and family conversation/interaction that all focused on togetherness. For the final iGrow curriculum, expert-level content review and feedback from focus group dyad pairs was used to revise the curriculum which further enhanced the approach and balance of the curriculum content. Focus group feedback supported appropriateness, dosage and learning objectives, and content depth. This curriculum has been developed to provide knowledge of gardening and culinary skills with the goal of increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.
"More than Measurable Human Products": Catholic Educators' Responses to the Educational Measurement Movement in the First Half of the 20th Century.

During the first half of the 20th century, Catholic educators in the United States used theological arguments both to resist and embrace the progressive educational reform effort of educational measurement. The significant expansion of Catholic schooling and the increased number of students attending them, along with increased state oversight, led to a gradual, yet uneven, acceptance of educational measurement by Catholic educators. This partial and more critical acceptance can be attributed to the diversity of Catholic schooling and the incongruity between the assumptions of educational measurement and Catholic educational beliefs. This historical case offers support for continued critique of reform movements and at the same time cautions against wholesale rejection of them. Each reform requires scrutiny with the goal of determining which will assist schools in helping students reach their fullest potential.
Identifying a Time Dependent Unknown Coefficient in a Nonlinear Heat Equation

In this paper we show how an unknown coefficient inverse problem may be reformulated as a problem involving a trace type functional partial differential equation. The trace type functional problem can be solved in a relatively straightforward manner and the solution shown to lead to a solution for the inverse problem. This approach allows us to investigate the inverse problem with various alternative overspecified conditions.
Imaging the Back and Sciatic Nerve

We have come a long way in developing imaging procedures to diagnose sciatica in the past 40 years. When I began practicing neurology in the mid 1970s physicians and patients alike dreaded the procedures used to image the spine. The tests were difficult to interpret, were often very painful and could lead to permanent damage to the spinal cord and nerves. All this changed with the development of computed tomography (CT) in the late 1970s and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the 1980s.
Plants Versus Animals in Hellenistic Thought

Greek and Roman philosophers revised and reinterpreted both Plato and Aristotle, fusing their hierarchy of souls (vegetable, animal, and rational) into new systems. They focused on the vegetable/animal divide but favored some form of continuity running through all three categories. Epicureans and Stoics, along with contemporary physicians (e.g., Galen) focused on materialist accounts, while Neoplatonists favored vitalist accounts, built on participation in the life of the cosmos. The latter, recast as participation in the mind of God, proved highly influential for medieval European biology. Philosophers retained Aristotelian language, but began to shift the terms, narrowing final causes to intentional ends.
Incidence and Predictors of Hardware Failure After Instrumentation for Spine Metastasis: A Single-Institutional Series.

Objective We report a retrospective analysis of hardware failure in patients requiring instrumentation for spinal metastasis. Methods In a retrospective study at a single institution, we identified 58 patients who underwent spinal instrumentation for metastasis from 2012 to 2018. Hardware failure was defined as screw pullout/loosening, cage migration, progressive kyphosis, or an otherwise-noticeable instrumentation deficit detectable on imaging. Risk factors for hardware failure with a P Results In total, 58 patients required instrumentation for metastatic spine disease. Median age was 60.2 years (interquartile range 49.0–66.3), 38 patients (65.5%) were male, and median follow-up was 8.1 months (interquartile range 3.1–20.7). Eight patients (13.8%) developed signs of hardware failure during follow-up, of whom 2 patients (3.4%) underwent operative revision. In univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2 (P = 0.049) and multiple myeloma lesions (P = 0.010) were significant predictors of failure. Both factors maintained significance in a multivariate logistic regression model controlled for age, sex, history of spine radiation, and number of fused levels with P = 0.047; odds ratio 12.7 (95% confidence interval 1.03–156.4) for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status over 2 and P = 0.012; odds ratio 31.5 (95% confidence interval 2.2–460.0) for multiple myeloma lesions. Conclusions The rate of hardware failure in this cohort was 13.8%, although operative revision rate was 3.4%. Spinal instrumentation in patients with poor preoperative functional status or multiple myeloma may be more likely to develop instrumentation failure.
The Impact of Multiple Component Reporting on Tax Compliance and Audit Strategies

Prior studies of the strategic interaction between taxpayers and the tax authority have focused on reported net taxable income and on audit policies designed to discover potential misstatement of the single item. This paper extends the literature by modeling taxpayer compliance behavior and tax authority audit strategies within the context of a multidimensional report of taxable income. Specifically, the study analyzes the impact of component reporting requirements on taxpayer incentives to misstate their tax liability. It also allows the tax authority to tailor its audit policy to consider all tax return information. In particular, the model permits the tax authority to audit return components sequentially: the investigation of a second component is conditional on the results of the first component's audit. The study finds that partitioning taxable income into a multi-component report reduces overall tax evasion and increases tax authority net revenue collections relative to a single-report model of net taxable income. However, the impact on predicted evasion is not uniform across taxpayers. While some taxpayers reduce evasion, others with multiple opportunities to evade are more likely to do so when faced with multi-component reporting requirements.
Static Behavior of a PV/Wind Hybrid System Structure

Wind and solar power play an important role in supplying cities with renewable energy. The main objective of this study is to access the structural strength performance of a photovoltaic (PV)/Wind hybrid system for applications in isolated area. Therefore, this study requires two steps. First part involves modelling of the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of PV-Wind hybrid structure using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, namely, SOLIDWORKS (version 2016) and the second part involves in static response analysis subjected to the critical wind (Eurocode 1991-1-4 standard) and gravitational loads by using finite element (FE) method (SOLIDWORKS Simulation). The results from this analysis identify that the static strength and stability are qualified (no structural failure).
Javamide-II Inhibits IL-6 without Significant Impact on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in Macrophage-Like Cells

The main aim of this study is to find a therapeutic compound to inhibit IL-6, not TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, in macrophage-like cells, because the high-levels of IL-6 production by macrophages are reported to cause unfavorable outcomes under several disease conditions (e.g., autoimmune diseases, and acute viral infections, including COVID-19). In this study, the potential effects of javamide-II on IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha productions were determined using their ELISA kits in macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Western blots were also performed using the same cells, to determine its effects on signaling pathways (ERK, p38, JNK, c-Fos, ATF-2, c-Jun and NF-κB p65). At concentrations of 0.2–40 µM, javamide-II inhibited IL-6 production significantly in the THP-1 cells (IC50 of 0.8 µM) (P < 0.02). However, javamide-II did not inhibit IL-1beta or TNF-alpha productions much at the same concentrations. In addition, the treatment of javamide-II decreased the phosphorylation of p38 without significant effects on ERK and JNK phosphorylations in the THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the p38 inhibition, followed by the reduction of ATF-2 phosphorylation (not c-Fos, c-Jun or NF-κB p65), led to the suppression of IL-6 mRNA expression in the cells (P < 0.02). The data indicate that javamide-II may be a potent compound to inhibit IL-6 production via suppressing the p38 signal pathway, without significant effects on the productions of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in macrophage-like THP-1 cells.
INHIBITORS OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN RATS WITH MALIGNANT AND SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION: COMPARATIVE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL ADMINISTRATION

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the possibility that endogenous angiotensin II with specific receptors in the central nervous system of rats with high renin hypertension are considered in the experiments. It demonstrates that endogenous angiotensin II is a pathogenic factor in the development of the hypertension in rats following aortic coarctation. Those experiments did not distinguish between the importances of central vs peripheral angiotensin receptors. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether angiotensin II contributes to the hypertension by interacting with receptors within the central nervous system. The precursors of angiotensin II are not responsible for interacting with central receptors because both the converting enzyme inhibitor and the renin inhibitor were not antihypertensive when administered centrally. Angiotensin II reports to penetrate the blood brain barrier. There is presently no evidence showing that renin can cross the blood–brain barrier.
Controls on the transport of particles/cells in deterministic lateral displacement via symmetric airfoil with angle of attacks

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), which is a microfluidic technique for size fractionation of particles/cells in continuous flow, has demonstrated great potential for biological and clinical applications. Growing interest in utilizing high-throughput DLD devices for practical applications, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) separation, necessitates employing higher flow rates in these devices, leading to operating in moderate to high Reynolds number (Re) regimes. While high-Re operation with symmetric airfoils has been established, the effect of angle of attacks (AoAs) for airfoil on the DLD performance has not been characterized. Here, we present a high-Re investigation with symmetric airfoil-shaped pillars having positive and negative AoAs. The transport behavior of particles/cells is investigated with various AoAs in realistic high-throughput DLD devices. Unlike the conventional DLD device, no lateral displacement has been observed with positive 5 and 15 degree AoA configurations regardless of particle sizes. On the other hand, more lateral displacement has been seen with negative 5 and 15 degree AoA configurations. This can be attributed to growing anisotropic permeability and non-uniform distribution of streamlines between airfoils with AoAs.
Small Bowel Conditions: Radiation-Induced Small Bowel Disease (RISBD): Radiation Enteritis

Radiation therapy plays and important role in the treatment of abdominal and pelvic cancers but the risk of radiation enteritis still remains a significant clinical problem. Walsh first described ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury in 1897 in a coworker suffering from “gastric symptoms, such as pain, tenderness on pressure, flatulency, colic, and diarrhea,” induced by exposure after some weeks to the region of the stomach. When he went away for a period of time the symptoms improved. When he returned and was once again exposed the symptoms recurred. He then shielded his stomach with a sheet of lead and after that his symptoms fully disappeared. This is probably the first case report of radiation enteritis. Today radiation therapy is the standard of care in patients with urologic, gynecologic and anorectal cancers. Almost 50–70% of patients with cancer will be treated with radiotherapy for pelvic cancers in order to prolong disease-free survival and for local regional control. The gastrointestinal tract is the second most radiosensitive organ in the abdomen and pelvis, and, when injured, is the major limiting factor determining radiotherapy in patients with pelvic cancers, and morbidity is associated with a high economic price and reduction in quality of life. The therapeutic index of radiotherapy depends on two parameters: tumor control and normal tissue tolerance. The radiation toxicity of the surrounding healthy tissue remains the most important radiation dose-limiting factor today. The extent of the toxicity is dependant on the dose of the radiation and the sensitivity of the normal tissue. Radiation-induced small bowel disease (RISBD) is classified as acute and chronic changes. This chapter discusses the mechanism of acute and chronic radiation injury of the small intestine. The risk factors that are independent of radiation techniques, some recent concepts on prevention of RISBD and the medical and surgical management of this devastating disease. The surgical management has been controversial as the early experience recommended exclusion techniques, proximal diversion, and lysis of However, more recent literature and experience strongly recommends resectional therapy and anastomosis or stoma construction.
Representation of Women in Cardiovascular Clinical Trial Leadership.

This quality improvement study describes representation of women within leadership committees of clinical trials and in lead authorship positions of ensuing cardiovascular trial publications.
Anisotropic Thermoelectric Power Factor of Two-Dimensional Materials with Periodic Potential Barriers: The Wigner-Rode Formalism

Thermoelectric (TE) devices enable robust solid-state conversion of waste heat to electricity, but their wide-spread adoption is still limited by relatively modest efficiency. A widely used approach to improve efficiency is to enhance the power factor through confinement of carriers or energy filtering by potential barriers. However, their relative influence and the resulting improvement in the power factor in two-dimensional (2D) materials is not well understood. Here we study single-layer 2D ${\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ with lateral potential barriers to introduce either energy filtering or carrier confinement by changing the direction of the electric field, with confinement resulting when the electric field is parallel and energy filtering when the electric field is perpendicular to the potential barriers. We implement a Wigner-Rode model with electronic structure calculated from first principles to simulate the effect of the shape and size of potential barriers on parallel and perpendicular transport. Our results show that the power factor can be doubled, from $25\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mWm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ without barriers to over $50\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{mWm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for parallel transport in sharp, narrow potential wells. Perpendicular transport in smooth barriers results in a higher power factor compared to sharp barriers, while sharp barriers perform better in the case of transport parallel to the barriers, especially at small barrier widths. Our results aid in improving TE power factors and further the development of efficient waste-heat scavenging, flexible 2D TE converters, and Peltier cooling of nanoelectronics.
Cytomorphologic features of NTRK-rearranged thyroid carcinoma.

Background NTRK-rearranged thyroid carcinomas (NRTC), though rare, harbor a potential therapeutic target. The cytomorphologic features by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and the utility of preoperative molecular testing for NRTC remain largely uncharacterized. We provide a detailed cytomorphologic analysis of an institutional NRTC cohort with clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and molecular correlations. Methods Our NRTC FNA cohort included 21 specimens from 19 patients. The mean age and female-to-male ratio were 42 years and 2.2:1, respectively. Predominantly alcohol-stained Papanicolaou smears and liquid-based preparations were reviewed for 14 patients with available materials, and histologic review of subsequent resections was conducted for all 19 patients. Imaging and clinical data were accessed through electronic medical records. Results Sonographically, NRTC were hypoechoic (87%), predominantly solid (53%) with limited central vascularity (27%), ill-defined borders (67%), and microcalcifications (67%). Observed cytomorphologic features include mixed architectural patterns (79%), fibrosis (93%), oncocytic and vacuolated cytoplasm (36% and 43%, respectively), and abundant intranuclear pseudoinclusions (14%). Most NRTC FNAs were classified as suspicious for malignancy or malignant (89%). One case classified as atypia of uncertain significance underwent ThyroSeq sequencing where a NTRK1 fusion was identified. Conclusion Although NRTC did not show a consistent cytomorphologic signature, mixed architectural patterns, prominent fibrosis and distinct cytoplasmic or nuclear features should raise suspicion for NRTC and, when accompanied by negative BRAFV600E by immunohistochemistry on cell block material, aid in selecting cases for molecular testing. This algorithmic approach may help identify potential NRTC, maximizing treatment options for patients, especially in patients for whom treatment planning is complicated.
The Risks of Stone Diagnosis and Stone Removal Procedure After Different Bariatric Surgeries

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is common after malabsorptive bariatric surgery; however, the comparative risk of stone formation after different bariatric surgeries remains unclear. We seek to compa...
Vibration Stimulation as a Non-Invasive Approach to Monitor the Severity of Meniscus Tears

Musculoskeletal disorders and injuries are one of the most prevalent medical conditions across age groups. Due to a high load-bearing function, the knee is particularly susceptible to injuries such as meniscus tears. Imaging techniques are commonly used to assess meniscus injuries, though this approach suffers from limitations including high cost, need for skilled personnel, and confinement to laboratory or clinical settings. Vibration-based structural monitoring methods in the form of acoustic emission analysis and vibration stimulation have the potential to address the limits associated with current diagnostic technologies. In this study, an active vibration measurement technique is employed to investigate the presence and severity of meniscus tear in cadaver limbs. In a highly controlled ex vivo experimental design, a series of cadaver knees (n =6) were evaluated under an external vibration, and the frequency response of the joint was analyzed to differentiate the intact and affected samples. Four stages of knee integrity were considered: baseline, sham surgery, meniscus tear, and meniscectomy. Analyzing the frequency response of injured legs showed significant changes compared to the baseline and sham stages at selected frequency bandwidths. Furthermore, a qualitative analytical model of the knee was developed based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory representing the meniscus tear as a change in the local stiffness of the system. Similar trends in frequency response modulation were observed in the experimental results and analytical model. These findings serve as a foundation for further development of wearable devices for detection and grading of meniscus tear and for improving our understanding of the physiological effects of injuries on the vibration characteristics of the knee. Such systems can also aid in quantifying rehabilitation progress following reconstructive surgery and / or during physical therapy.
Majority-of-the-Minority Voting and Fairness in Freeze-out Mergers

This Article provides a discussion of the Delaware Supreme Court's decision in Weinberger v. UOP, Inc. and its effects on private mergers.
Keynes Spelt Out Exactly What 'Degree of Rational Belief ' Meant in His a Treatise on Probability (1921): Correcting the Severe Errors in Courgeau (2012)

A very, very, very severe problem has been occurring repeatedly over the last 100 years in the social sciences and philosophy, when it comes to the question of understanding the meaning of Keynes ‘s logical theory of probability and his concept of rational degrees of belief. It is the failure of commentators on Keynes’s book to have actually read the A Treatise on Probability that is an ongoing problem. Instead of reading the A Treatise on Probability, practically all social scientists and philosophers evaluate Keynes’s contribution based on a reading of F. P. Ramsey’s 1922 and 1926 reviews ,which are combined with the introduction to the latest edition of the A Treatise on Probability, Volume 8 of the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, written by Richard B. Braithwaite, who claimed that he had read the A Treatise on Probability during the break between academic terms at Cambridge University in 1921, as reported in C. MIsak’s 2020 biography of Frank Ramsey. Given that it took the French mathematician, Emile Borel, three years to cover Part I of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability in preparation for his 1924 review and that it took the American mathematician, Edwin Bidwell Wilson, Paul Samuelson’s mentor, 13 years before he was able to write his review of Part II of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability in the September, 1934 issue of the Journal of the American Statistical Society, I believe that the above facts provide overwhelming evidence that Richard B Braithwaite claim can’t be sustained. It is not possible, as he claimed, to be able to read the A Treatise on Probability in less than two month’s time. This problem shows up again repeatedly on pages 278-284 in D. Courgeau’s 2012 research manual, Probability and Social Science, where evaluations of Keynes’s work are made that have nothing to do with Keynes’s book. Misak based her assessment on individuals, such as Clive Bell, who simply would have no idea about what Keynes was talking about. When one combines such empty speculations with the impossible claims made by Braithwaite and Ramsey’s juvenile book reviews of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, the result is simply nonsensical, given that the fundamental differences between Keynes and Ramsey are between imprecise views of probability versus precise views of probability, respectively.
Infant aspiration and associated signs on clinical feeding evaluation

Abstract Objectives Few studies have examined clinical signs of aspiration in infants Methods A retrospective review of charts of patients with MBS completed January 1, 2012–December 31, 2014 was performed. Patients were included if they were Results Results from 114 patients indicated that 46 (40 %) of the infants had SA and nine (8 %) had overt aspiration on MBS. Notable signs on CFEs were cough (36 %), oxygen desaturations (33 %), and chest congestion (32 %). On multiple regression analysis there was increased odds of SA on MBS with at least one clinical sign on CFE (OR: 24.3, p = 0.02), chronic lung disease, (OR: 18.2, p = 0.01), and airway abnormalities (OR: 2.94, p = 0.01). Cough on CFE was associated with increased odds of overt aspiration on MBS (OR: 5.69, p = 0.04). Neither SA nor overt aspiration were significantly associated with LRI. Sensitivity and specificity of CFE for correctly identifying the presence of SA were 98 % and 15 %, respectively; experience of the SLP was not a contributing factor. Conclusion Further study is required to determine if specific signs on CFE are predictive of aspiration.
Longitudinal change in adolescent hope among recent immigrant Latinx adolescents: Links with adolescent and parent cultural stress, family functioning, emotional well-being, and behavioral health

Adolescent hope can promote the emotional and behavioral well-being of Latinx families. Positive family functioning may foster adolescent hope, whereas cultural stress may compromise adolescent hope and well-being. We examined how adolescent hope changed over time, and whether cultural stress and family functioning predicted emotional and behavioral health via adolescent hope intercept and slope. Recent Latinx immigrant adolescents (Mage = 14.51) and parents (Mage = 41.09; N = 302; n = 150 from Los Angeles; n = 152 from Miami) completed measures of above constructs over 3 years (Summer 2010 to Spring 2013). Latent growth curve modeling indicated that adolescent hope increased over time. Higher cultural stress predicted lower initial hope. Higher family functioning predicted higher initial levels of and less steep increase in hope. Increase in hope predicted better emotional and behavioral health. Family functioning predicted better health outcomes by way of hope.
Regularity of the spectrum for the almost Mathieu operator

It is shown that the logarithmic potential associated with the integrated density of states is constant on the spectrum of the almost Mathieu operator in case the irrational frequency is sufficiently well approximable by rationals in terms of a diophantine condition.
LIFTING ALGEBRAIC CONTRACTIONS IN C*-ALGEBRAS

Let p be a polynomial in one variable. It is shown that the universal C* -algebra of the relation \( p(x)= 0,||x|| \leq C \) is semiprojective, residually finite dimensional and has trivial extension group.
The Implications of 3D for Solar MHD Modelling

The effects of three-dimensionality on the modelling of solar magnetic fields are described. We focus on two processes that are believed to play an important role in coronal heating – the braiding of field lines by photospheric motions and the reconnection of colliding flux tubes. First, it is shown that a proper treatment of boundary conditions at the photosphere in 3D entails qualitatively new physical processes that are not present in 2D. The numerical resolution of even simple boundary velocity patterns in 3D leads to obstacles which have no counterpart in the 2D case. We conclude that adaptive mesh refinement is necessary for capturing the essential 3D physics of a braiding motion at the photosphere. Next, the effects of 3D on magnetic reconnection are discussed. Reconnection in 3D can lead to an evolution of interacting flux tubes, magnetic tunneling, that is not only impossible in lower dimensionality, but is strikingly counterintuitive. The implications of these results for the structure of the solar magnetic field and for coronal heating are described.
Software for calculating functional vision score

(2003). Software for calculating functional vision score. Visual Impairment Research: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 147-155.
The Changing Scene of Economic Analysis for the Evaluation of Manufacturing System Design and Operation

(1985). The Changing Scene of Economic Analysis for the Evaluation of Manufacturing System Design and Operation. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 227-244.
On aschbacher’s localC(G; T) theorem

Aschbacher’s localC(G; T) theorem asserts that ifG is a finite group withF*(G)=O2(G), andTeSyl2(G), thenG=C(G; T)K(G), whereC(G; T)=〈NG(T0)|1≠T0 charT〉 andK(G) is the product of all near components ofG of typeL2(2n) orA2n+1. Near components are also known asχ-blocks or Aschbacher blocks. In this paper we give a proof of Aschbacher’s theorem in the case thatG is aK-group, i.e., in the case that every simple section ofG is isomorphic to one of the known simple groups. Our proof relies on a result of Meierfrankenfeld and Stroth [MS] on quadratic four-groups and on the Baumann-Glauberman-Niles theorem, for which Stellmacher [St2] has given an amalgam-theoretic proof. Apart from those results, our proof is essentially self-contained.
Figurations of "India" and the Transnational in W.E.B. Du Bois

Considering the racial movements and the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, Michael Omi and Howard Winant argue that even if “the movements themselves could disintegrate, the policies for which th...
Comments on alternate forms for the breaking of chiral SU(3)⊗SU(3)

Possible alternative to the usual (3*, 3) \ensuremath{\bigoplus} (3, 3*) form for the symmetry breaking of chiral SU(3) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} SU(3) are discussed. The width for the decay $X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ is calculated in the pure (6*, 6) \ensuremath{\bigoplus} (6, 6*) breaking model, and the result is compared with (3*, 3) \ensuremath{\bigoplus} (3, 3*) and (8, 8) models. The symmetry-breaking parameters are shown to be restricted to certain allowed regions for both(6*, 6) \ensuremath{\bigoplus} (6, 6*) and (8, 8) representations on the basis of positivity of spectral functions. These restrictions are shown to be particularly severe if the additional assumption ${f}_{K}\ensuremath{\ge}{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is imposed. Based on $X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and present $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering data we conclude that a symmetry breaking which is reducible into (${3}^{*}$, 3) \ensuremath{\bigoplus} (3, 3*) and (8,8) is favored and we estimate the relative amounts of the two types of breaking.
Parameters for effective use of synthetic double stranded polynucleotides in the amplification of immunologically induced lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation.

Abstract The present study characterizes parameters of use of synthetic double stranded polynucleotides in the amplification of immunologically induced lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation. Parameters for optimum use both in the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction as well as in response to soluble antigen are presented. Each lymphocyte population has a range of poly AU which is effective for maximal amplification. Once determined, use of this concentration enables amplification of lymphocyte responsiveness over a broad range of antigen concentration. This optimum range of poly AU concentration appears more specific for the particular lymphocyte population than for the antigen inducing stimulation. When used above optimum concentration, poly AU has an inhibitory effect inversely proportional to the antigen concentration utilized. This study is of practical importance for those investigators studying situations in which minimal responsiveness is being evaluated. It is in this situation, that the relative stimulatory effect of poly AU appears to be greatest.
Decentralized trust management for ad-hoc peer-to-peer networks

Modern mobile devices can form ad-hoc networks to autonomously share data and services. While such self-organizing, peer-to-peer communities offer exciting collaboration opportunities, deciding whether to trust another peer can be challenging. In this work we propose a decentralized trust management middleware for ad-hoc, peer-to-peer networks, based on reputation. Our middleware's protocols take advantage of the unstructured nature of the network to render malicious behavior, such as lying and colluding, risky. The reputation information of each peer is stored in its neighbors and piggy-backed on its replies. By simulating the behavior of networks both with and without a rating scheme we were able to show that just a few dishonest peers can flood the network with false results, whereas this phenomenon is virtually eliminated when using our middleware.
Introduction to three papers on radio-propagation studies related to public-safety communications

The three papers in this special section focus on radio-propagation studies as they apply to public safety communications. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is involved in a several-year effort to understand and address the wireless communication problems that first responders. Addresses the following: experiments performed before, during, and after the implosion of three large building structures; key elements that pose challenges to public-safety radio communications into and out of large buildings; and experiments performed in the streets in downtown Denver, CO, for frequencies between 700 MHz and 4.9 GHz. The experimental data discussed here represent a large public-domain dataset. The experimental dataset presented here and in the various references will aid in improving channel descriptions for large public buildings, and will be useful for assessing current and future wireless technology in emergency scenarios.
The Changing Genderization of Bookkeeping in the United States, 1870–1930

During the time period from 1870–1930, economic, social, demographic and educational forces interacted with the separation of accounting from bookkeeping. The result of this interaction was the changing genderization of the bookkeeping workforce. This paper suggests that this change process cannot be fully understood until both environmental forces and the emergence of accounting from bookkeeping are considered. Evidence of this interaction comes from Census data as well as historical documents.
Adenine base unstacking dominates the observed enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the Escherichia coli SSB tetramer binding to single-stranded oligoadenylates.

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to test the hypothesis that the relatively small enthalpy change (ΔHobs) and large negative heat capacity change (ΔCp,obs) observed for the binding of the Escherichia coli SSB protein to single-stranded (ss) oligodeoxyadenylates result from the temperature-dependent adenine base unstacking equilibrium that is thermodynamically coupled to binding. We have determined ΔH1,obs for the binding of 1 mole of each of dT(pT)34, dC(pC)34, and dA(pA)34 to the SSB tetramer (20 mM NaCl at pH 8.1). For dT(pT)34 and dC(pC)34, we found large, negative values for ΔH1,obs of −75 ± 1 and −85 ± 2 kcal/mol at 25 °C, with ΔCp,obs values of −540 ± 20 and −570 ± 30 cal mol-1 K-1 (7−50 °C), respectively. However, for SSB−dA(pA)34 binding, ΔH1,obs is considerably less negative (−14 ± 1 kcal/mol at 25 °C), even becoming positive at temperatures below 13 °C, and ΔCp,obs is nearly twice as large in magnitude (−1180 ± 40 cal mol-1 K-1). These very different thermodynamic properties for S...
Robust navigation system based on RFID transponder barriers for the interactive behavior-operated shopping trolley (InBOT)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a navigation system designed for highly dynamic environments which is independent from a metrically exact global map.Design/methodology/approach – A navigation system is developed to cope with highly dynamic environments. Here, this refers especially to changes in the environment itself, like the daily deployment or removal of advertisements or special offers in a supermarket. The navigation system is split into a global part, relying on non‐concealable artificial landmarks and a local part containing a behavior‐based control using a dynamic potential field approach. The required information are the definitively static structures and the actual sensor information only.Findings – The system proved to be useful in environments that change frequently and where the presence of many people complicates the perception of landmarks.Practical implications – The presented navigation system is robust against changes in the environment and provides reliable collision ...
Coping and mood during aids-related caregiving and bereavement

This prospective study of a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) caregiving partners of men with AIDS examined the contextual effects of caregiving and bereavement on coping and the association between coping and positive and negative mood during the five months leading up to their partner's death and the five months following their partner's death. Participants used more problem-focused types of coping and more cognitive escape avoidance during caregiving than during bereavement. Six of the eight types of coping that were assessed were associated with negative mood, controlling for prior negative mood. These associations differed as a function of context (caregiving versus bereavemenO. Five types of coping were associated with positive mood, controlling for prior positive mood. HIV serostatus did not affect the relation between coping and mood.
Matching of ground-based LiDAR and aerial image data for mobile robot localization in densely forested environments

We present a vision based method for the autonomous geolocation of ground vehicles and unmanned mobile robots in forested environments. The method provides an estimate of the global horizontal position of a vehicle strictly based on finding a geometric match between a map of observed tree stems, scanned in 3D by sensors onboard the vehicle, to another stem map generated from the structure of tree crowns observed in overhead imagery of the forest canopy. This method can be used in real-time as a complement to the Global Positioning System (GPS) in areas where signal coverage is inadequate due to attenuation by the forest canopy, or due to intentional denied access. The method presented in this paper has two key properties that are significant: i) It does not require a priori knowledge of the area surrounding the robot. ii) It uses the geometry of detected tree stems as the only input to determine horizontal geoposition.
Locus coeruleus electrophysiological activity and responsivity to corticotropin-releasing factor in inbred hypertensive and normotensive rats.

Abstract The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its normotensive progenitor, the Wistar–Kyoto rat (WKY), have been shown to be differentially responsive to the behavioral and endocrine effects of both stress and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), both of which increase locus coeruleus (LC) electrophysiological activity. However, the effect of central administration of CRF in these rat strains has yet to be examined. In the present studies, LC electrophysiological responsivity to intracerebroventricular infusions of CRF was assessed in SHR, an inbred strain of WKY rats (the WKYLJ rat), and an outbred normotensive rat strain, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Spontaneous LC discharge rate, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were also examined. LC activity was increased to the same extent in the three rat strains in response to a 3 μg dose of CRF. However, WKYLJ rats showed an exaggerated LC in response to a 1 μg dose of CRF in comparison to the other rat strains tested at this dose. Spontaneous discharge rates of individual LC neurons were lower in both SHR and WKYLJ rats than in SD rats. Further, the variability of the discharge rates of LC neurons was greater in WKYLJ rats than in the other two strains. These results indicate that the WKYLJ rat may provide a useful model for assessing the role of sensitivity to CRF in stress responsiveness.
Evidence from crater ages for periodic impacts on the Earth

Recent evidence has indicated that the impact of a comet or asteroid may have been responsible for mass extinction at the ends of both the Cretaceous1 and the Eocene2–4. Quantitative analysis by Raup and Sepkoski5 showed that mass extinctions occur with a 26-Myr period, similar to the period seen in qualitative pelagic records by Fischer and Arthur6. To account for the possibility of periodic comet showers, Davis et al.7 proposed that such showers could be triggered by an unseen solar companion star as it passes through perihelion on a moderately eccentric orbit. To test a prediction implicit in this model we examined records of large impact craters on the Earth. We report here that most of the craters occur in a 28.4-Myr cycle. Within measurement errors, this period and its phase are the same as those found in the fossil mass extinctions. The probability that such agreement is accidental is 1 in 103.
Slator Ranch fracture optimization study

The Las Ovejas (Lobo) field in Zapata County, TX, is being developed actively. The field was discovered on Tenneco Oil EandP's Slator Ranch lease with the successful completion of the Sanchez-O'Brien Vaquillas Ranch Well 1. Tenneco operates all of the 17,712-acre (71 678 X 10/sup 3/-m/sup 2/) lease (with the exception of a 320-acre (1295 X 10/sup 3/-m/sup 2/) tract assigned to the Vaquillas Ranch Well 1) and has successfully completed five wells in the Lobo field subsequent to the discovery well. The Lobo interval in the Slator Ranch area is a tight gas sand, and all these wells require fracture stimulation. Because a successful fracture is essential for a good Lobo completion and because hydraulic fracturing represents a significant portion of the completed well cost, it is important to optimize this phase of the completion. The purpose of this study was to determine the following for Slator Ranch Lobo completions: an optimum fracture length as a function of permeability; whether wells should be tailed-in with bauxite, or fractured with all bauxite or sand (if an optimum tail-in does exist, to determine the optimum tail-in for a fixed fracture length as a function of permeability); the drainage area and abandonmentmore » pressure for Slator Ranch Well 2; the effect of compression on reserves; and closure pressure as a function of time and distance along the fracture for Slator Ranch Well 2.« less
Citric Acid Adsorption on TiO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspensions at Acidic and Circumneutral pH: Surface Coverage, Surface Speciation, and Its Impact on Nanoparticle−Nanoparticle Interactions

Citric acid plays an important role as a stabilizer in several nanomaterial syntheses and is a common organic acid found in nature. Here, the adsorption of citric acid onto TiO(2) anatase nanoparticles with a particle diameter of ca. 4 nm is investigated at circumneutral and acidic pHs. This study focuses on both the details of the surface chemistry of citric acid on TiO(2), including measurements of surface coverage and speciation, and its impact on nanoparticle behavior. Using macroscopic and molecular-based probes, citric acid adsorption and nanoparticle interactions are measured with quantitative solution phase adsorption measurements, attenuated total reflection-FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering techniques, and zeta-potential measurements as a function of solution pH. The results show that surface coverage is a function of pH and decreases with increasing pH. Surface speciation differs from the bulk solution and is time dependent. After equilibration, the fully deprotonated citrate ion is present on the surface regardless of the highly acidic solution pH indicating pK(a) values of surface adsorbed species are lower than those in solution. Nanoparticle interactions are also probed through measurements of aggregation and the data show that these interactions are complex and depend on the detailed interplay between bulk solution pH and surface chemistry.
Family systems approach to sexual dysfunction in neurologic disability

The treatment of sexuality issues among the disabled is improved by the use of tools drawn from the Family Systems Model. The systems perspective lends an overview of the unique meaning of sex to the individual client as he or she has learned it in the context of the family. The construction of a genogram and an ecogram “map” the psychosexual patterns that are affected by the onset of a disability, suggesting treatment that exactly matches the needs of the persons involved. Use of the model is beneficial for many other reasons than the increased effectiveness of treatment, however. It is faster and more effective than many other modalities. It is a good tool for training teams to better understanding their own family sexuality messages. Lastly, “picturing” of the issues supports the development of research and therefore resources for the treatment of sexuality matters among the disabled.
Comparison of the action of transient and continuous PTH on primary osteoblast cultures expressing differentiation stage-specific GFP.

Primary calvarial osteoblast cultures derived from type I collagen promoter-GFP reporter transgenic mice were used to examine progression of the osteoblast lineage. This system was validated by assessing the effect of PTH on osteoblast growth in real time. The anabolic effect of PTH seemed to be the result of enhanced osteoblast differentiation rather than expansion of a progenitor population. Introduction: Activation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker genes driven by Col1a1 promoter fragments has been associated with the level of osteoblast differentiation. GFP-marked cultures provide an approach to continuously monitor the level of osteoblast differentiation in real time without the termination of cultures. Materials and Methods: Neonatal calvarial cells transgenic for pOBCol2.3GFP and pOBCol3.6GFP were used to establish calvarial osteoblast cultures. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was added either continuous (days 1–21) or transient (days 1–7) to examine its diverse effect on osteoblast differentiation in cultures for 21 days. Three fluorescent markers were used: (1) pOBCol3.6GFP, which is activated in preosteoblastic cells; (2) pOBCol2.3GFP, which is restricted to differentiated osteoblasts; and (3) xylenol orange (XO), which stains the mineralized nodules. Progression of osteoblast differentiation indicated by fluorescent markers was documented throughout the entire period of culture. Recorded fluorescent images were analyzed in the patterns of expression and quantitated in the area of expression. Results: Continuous PTH blocked osteoblast differentiation, which was evident by the attenuation of pOBCol3.6GFP and an absence of pOBCol2.3GFP. In contrast, transient PTH inhibited the initial osteoblast differentiation but ultimately resulted in a culture with more mineralized nodules and enhanced osteoblast differentiation expressing strong levels of pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP. Quantitative analysis showed that transient PTH first decreased then later increased areas of GFP expression and XO staining, which correlated with results of Northern blot and alkaline phosphatase activity. Transient PTH caused a decrease in DNA content during the treatment and after the removal of PTH. Conclusion: GFP-marked cultures combined with fluorescent image analysis have the advantage to assess the effect of PTH on osteoblast differentiation in real time. Results suggest that the anabolic effect of transient PTH is caused by an enhancement in osteoblast differentiation rather than an increase in the population of progenitor cells.