cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life Improvement Following Surgery in Adolescent Spinal Deformity Patients: A Comparison Between Scheuermann Kyphosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis*

Preoperative and two-year follow-up health-related quality of life (HRQOL) data were prospectively collected in 82 Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) and 995 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients using the Scoliosis Research Society–22 patient questionnaire (SRS-22) outcomes instrument in a multicenter study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were also collected for the SK population. This study assessed changes in HRQOL prospectively and compared them to those occurring in AIS. There has been limited evaluation of patient-reported HRQOL changes with operative management of SK. Median SRS values for the SK and AIS cohorts were compared using a repeated measure of analysis of variance with age as a covariate and using a Mann-Whitney U nonparametric comparison. Kyphosis was corrected from 73.9° to 45.8° (p < .001); the major curve in AIS was corrected from 55.5 to 20.2 (p < .001). Preoperative and magnitude of radiographic correction, kyphosis apex and body mass index in SK were not correlated with baseline or change in HRQOL. SK SRS scores improved after surgery in all domains with the greatest change (2.8–4.4) in self-image (p < .001). Changes in SRS Pain, Activity, and Self-Image domains met the minimal clinically important difference. Baseline SK and AIS scores differed significantly in the Self-Image, Mental Health and Total Score domains, with SK having worse scores (p < .001). At two years postoperatively, the greatest improvements were made in Self-Image, along with Mental Health and Total Score, and the SK group achieved greater gains (p < .001). At two years postoperatively, the SK scores improved to reach equivalent values to the AIS scores. VAS scores improved from 3.69 to 1.51, and these changes were correlated with change in the Pain, Mental Health, and Total Score SRS domains (p < .001). Surgery for SK in the adolescent population results in significant improvements in HRQOL, which outpace those of the AIS population. Level II.
Political Scandals as a Democratic Challenge| Blunders, Scandals, and Strategic Communication in U.S. Foreign Policy: Benghazi vs. 9/11

Scholars have paid little attention to the role of media scandals in U.S. foreign policy discourse. This article suggests that journalists’ treatment of foreign policy failures as scandalous bears little relationship to the nature or effects of officials’ malfeasance. Scandalized news coverage is instead more fruitfully viewed through the lens of skilled strategic framing. Contrasting the news about two terrorist attacks on Americans—9/11 and Benghazi—reveals how politicians can successfully promote or deflect potential foreign policy scandals without much regard for evidence. Benghazi suggests that unsubstantiated or minor failings can spawn major scandals. Conversely, 9/11 shows how and why well-documented and massive miscues may not ignite scandal. Much depends on party elites’ strategic communication choices. The ability of savvy communicators to foster or evade scandal regardless of underlying facts and severity of malfeasance has important implications for democratic accountability and prudence in U.S. foreign-policy making and democracy more broadly.
Naproxen impairs load-induced bone formation, reduces bone toughness, and delays stress fracture repair in mice

Debilitating stress fractures are surprisingly common in physically active individuals, including athletes, military recruits, and dancers. These individuals are among the 30 million daily users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We hypothesized that regular use of NSAIDs would predispose habitually loaded bones to stress fracture and delay the repair of these injuries. To test this hypothesis, adult mice were subjected to six bouts of axial forelimb compression over two weeks. Aspirin, naproxen, or vehicle was administered 24 hours before loading. Naproxen-treated mice, but not aspirin-treated mice, had diminished load-induced bone formation. Three-point bending of the femur revealed a significant loss in bone toughness in naproxen-treated mice, but not aspirin-treated mice; there were no differences in RANKL/OPG ratio, cortical bone volume or density. Both treatments diminished bone collagen content, but only naproxen affected collagen fibril size and organization. Separately, adult mice were subjected to an ulnar stress fracture generated by a single bout of fatigue loading, with NSAIDs provided 24 hours before injury. Both aspirin-treated and naproxen-treated mice had normal forelimb use in the week after injury, whereas control mice favored the injured forelimb until day 7. Woven bone volume was significantly impaired by naproxen, but not aspirin. Both NSAIDs were found to significantly inhibit Cox2 and Ngf expression following stress fracture, but only naproxen significantly affected serum PGE2 concentration. Overall, our results suggest that naproxen, but not aspirin, may increase the risk of stress fracture and extend the healing time of these injuries, warranting further clinical evaluation for patients at risk for fatigue injuries.
Humility as openness to others: Interactive humility in the context of l’Arche

Exploring the concept of virtuous humility helps to highlight paths of human flourishing. Yet humility is difficult to study because it is often stereotyped as shame or self-abasement, it tends to ...
Switch from production of subitaneous to delayed-hatching and diapause eggs in Acartia japonica Mori, 1940 (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Sagami Bay, Japan

Abstract To clarify temporal variation of in situ egg production of the copepods, Acartia japonica Mori, 1940, in Sagami Bay, central Japan, the species’ abundance, egg morphology and hatching patterns were studied during 2015. Adults of A. japonica were observed in the water column from June to October. Results showed that adults reared in the laboratory produced three types of eggs: subitaneous, delayed-hatching and diapause. All egg types had a surface covered with short spines; diapause eggs had a thicker chorion than subitaneous eggs. During the early period of the species occurrence in the bay, most females produced only subitaneous eggs, which hatched within 72 h. From the end of September, a large proportion of females began to produce diapause eggs. Linear regression analysis showed that the ratio of diapause eggs was negatively correlated with day length and water temperature (P
The Function and Alteration of Immunological Properties in Human Milk of Obese Mothers

Maternal obesity is associated with metabolic changes in mothers and higher risk of obesity in the offspring. Obesity in breastfeeding mothers appears to influence human milk production as well as the quality of human milk. Maternal obesity is associated with alteration of immunological factors concentrations in the human milk, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6, insulin, TNF-Alpha, ghrelin, adiponectin, and obestatin. Human milk is considered a first choice for infant nutrition due to the complete profile of macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and immunological properties. It is essential to understand how maternal obesity influences immunological properties of human milk because alterations could impact the nutrition status and health of the infant. This review summarizes the literature regarding the impact of maternal obesity on the concentration of particular immunological properties in the human milk.
Douglas-fir seedling quality in biochar-amended peat substrates

Artificial forest regeneration using nursery produced growing stock is commonplace in the Pacific Northwest. High quality seedlings are needed for outplanting success, which depends on a seedling’s ability to establish new roots and overcome stress. Containerized seedling stock is typically grown in artificial growing media. Peat, a popular component of growing media, is a non-renewable resource. Biochar has similar physical attributes to peat, which makes it a potential alternative. In our study, we grew Douglas-fir seedlings in containers with biochar-amended peat-based growing media to determine if biochar could improve seedling quality. Douglas-fir seeds were sown in March 2016 and seedlings were grown under standard light and temperature conditions at an operational forest nursery for nine months. After nine months, seedling quality was assessed for height, diameter, cold hardiness, and root growth potential. Using biochar did not improve Douglas-fir seedling quality, except for slightly increasing cold hardiness and root growth potential for equivalently sized seedlings. Seedlings grown without biochar had increased height and diameter compared to seedlings with biochar and they had higher root growth potential (all dependent on fertilizer rates). Douglas-fir seedling quality might be improved with biochar amendment if negative growth impacts of soil reaction can be overcome.
Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Impacts on Soil Nitrate in Potato Production

Parts of the Kern County have high nitrate levels in groundwater. A State Water Resources Control Board commissioned report has indicated that crop land agriculture is the main source of nitrates i...
Recent Development: The Victims’ Rights Amendment

This Article analyzes the proposed Victims’ Rights Amendment, one of the few proposed constitutional amendments that has both been repeatedly considered, and has survived the Judiciary Committee to reach the floor of the Senate. It analyzes the provisions of the proposed amendment and identifies a number of concerns regarding its interpretation. Finally, it contends that in light of these concerns, an ordinary legislative solution is preferable, and explains the comparative advantages of a statutory solution.
Ultra-wideband Electrical Sensing of Nucleus Size in a Live Cell

Recently, ultra-wideband electrical sensing has been developed as a fast, compact, and label-free technique to characterize a biological cell noninvasively and to extract its intracellular properties. This paper presents, for the first time, the use of the technique to sense the change in the nucleus size of a live Jurkat cell. The experiment is based on trapping and detrapping the cell by dielectrophoresis on a coplanar waveguide and measuring the return and insertion losses due to the presence of the cell from 9 kHz to 9 GHz. The results have been validated by traditional fluorescence microscopy. In the future, by extending the technique to detect changes in nucleus shape and DNA content, it could be used to distinguish cancerous cells from normal cells, for example.
Intravascular Imaging for Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Following Heart Transplantation

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the post-cardiac transplant patient population. Current guidelines recommend annual angiographic surveillance for CAV; however, angiography alone has several limitations and can lead to systematic underestimation of disease burden and the inability to sensitively track disease progression. We provide an overview of intravascular imaging in the initial and longitudinal evaluation of CAV, with a focus on the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Multiple studies have demonstrated that progression of maximal intimal thickness (MIT) on serial IVUS evaluation, particularly ≥ 0.5 mm over the first year, post-transplant, is predictive of both future development of angiographically significant CAV as well as major adverse cardiac events, including graft loss and mortality. There are also emerging data that in vivo plaque characterization, as assessed by the attenuated-signal plaque score or by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS), may provide prognostic value in this population. OCT-derived intimal measurements have been noted to correlate well with IVUS findings and may also aid in early identification of CAV. In addition to early identification and prognostication, several studies have used intravascular imaging to assess therapeutic impact of various immunosuppressive regimens on progression of established CAV. Intravascular ultrasound, and more recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) have emerged as valuable adjuncts to angiography in the evaluation of CAV, particularly with regard to early detection, objective prognostication, and differentiation of CAV from donor-derived coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, intravascular imaging may guide changes to the immunosuppressive regimen and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, when necessary.
Recent advances in endovascular treatment of peripheral arterial disease.

As associated co-morbidities have transformed over time, the evaluation and management of peripheral arterial disease have evolved as well. New classification systems have been created to better understand the severity of a patient’s condition and the risk of amputation. These classifications include the Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection (WIfI) and Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) classification systems. Through the utility of these systems, a patient’s disease can be appropriately staged and managed with medical, endovascular, or surgical therapies or a combination of these. Endovascular therapies specifically have grown with the explosion of new technologies. There are numerous options for patients with disease amenable to endovascular therapy. In this review article, we discuss a number of these different endovascular therapies as well as the new classification systems.
Rutting Performance of PPA-Modified Binders Using Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Test

In this study, the effect of modifying an asphalt binder using Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) on its rutting performance was studied using the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test. The MSCR test provided the non-recoverable creep compliance and percent recovery of the tested binder blends at the test temperature(s). Those parameters were then used to evaluate the stress sensitivity and rutting potential of the PPA-modified binders and were utilized to determine the binder grade based on the level of traffic. For this purpose, a PG 58-28 binder was blended with different amounts of PPA, namely 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% using a high shear mixer. The MSCR tests were conducted at two different stress levels (0.1 and 3.2 kPa) and two different temperatures (58 and 64 °C). It was found that adding PPA decreases the non-recoverable creep compliance of the neat binder. Consequently, the MSCR grade of the neat binder was found to improve from PG58S-XX to PG58E-XX, when blended with 2.0% PPA. Additionally, the percent recovery of the neat binder was found enhanced due to PPA modification. Therefore, it is anticipated that the mixes containing PPA would sustain a higher level of traffic without undergoing a significant amount of rutting compared to mixes containing non-PPA modified binders. Also, it was observed that the PPA-modified binders can exhibit stiffness similar to polymer-modified binders.
Pulmonary Necrobiotic Nodules at Time of Diagnosis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term encompassing intestinal conditions Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by inflammation of intestinal wall, differing in location, depth, pathophysiology, and sequela. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) of IBD commonly affect the skin, joints, eyes, and in rare instances, the lungs. Pulmonary involvement affects the large and small airways, serosal surface, and vasculature leading to a range of pathology, including bronchiectasis, pleural effusions, and necrobiotic nodules. The presence of EIM is uncommon at the diagnosis, particularly in regard to pulmonary EIM, most commonly seen years later. We present the case of a 22-year-old African American female who was discovered to have pulmonary involvement of her UC at the time of her diagnosis complicating management of her appendicitis. A 22-year-old female with a history of UC was transferred from an outside hospital for the management of her appendicitis after imaging revealed numerous pulmonary nodules. The presence of multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules delayed surgical intervention leading to a ruptured appendix. The patient had no cardiopulmonary complaints, and review of prior imaging studies showed these nodules to be present six weeks prior, the time of her diagnosis with UC. After antibiotic management failed, the patient required a laparotomy appendectomy with omentectomy due to resulting appendiceal abscess and phlegmon. The nodules were determined to be EIM of UC after sarcoidosis, infectious, and malignant etiologies were ruled out. For the pulmonary nodules, she is following at an outside hospital for the management of her UC as treatment of her underlying UC will result in a decrease or resolution of the EIM. EIM of IBD may present in patients at any time, even before their initial diagnosis of an IBD. While pulmonary manifestations are rare EIM, the presence of pulmonary nodules at the time of initial diagnosis is exceedingly uncommon. Evaluation and management of these nodules, even if asymptomatic in nature, requires diligence and thorough documentation regarding their onset and etiology. In the event of a medical emergency, such as in the case of our patient with appendicitis, a lack of thorough documentation and evaluation of the nodules may result in unnecessary medical testing, invasive procedures, and delay in treatment of their current medical illness.
A lucrative end: abolition, immigration, and the new occupational hierarchy in southeast Brazil

Impending abolition of slavery in Brazil during the late nineteenth century meant the potential shortage of labor for southeast coffee planters. In preparation, the province of Sao Paulo subsidized, in part and then in full, the travel expenses of Europeans who migrated there. To what extent was the program successful in capping the wage bill of planters after emancipation? How did the occupational distribution by race change as compared to other regions without such a program? Consolidated evidence on wages and the value of output indicates that the return to labor actually increased after abolition, as did rural and urban employment segregation in favor of whites over blacks; in contrast, economic growth elsewhere in the Americas was more subdued and alternatives like sharecropping prevailed. This work integrates the traditional immigration literature with recent Afro-Brazilianist perspectives: New earnings estimates confirm that Europeans were exploited to nearly the same extent as slaves, yet non-monetary benefits and racism may have supported the former group’s opportunities for social mobility.
Halogen effects on the electronic and optical properties of Au13 nanoclusters

We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the electronic and optical properties of a series of icosahedral Au13 nanoclusters, protected using different halogen ligands (Cl, Br, and I), as well as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) ligands. All three clusters are comprised of the same Au13 kernel with two halogens coordinated to the poles of the icosahedral cluster along with five dppe ligands. UV-vis absorption spectra indicate a systematic red shift from Cl to Br to I, as well as a sudden enhancement of the second excitonic peak for the I-coordinated cluster. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that all clusters possess a wide HOMO–LUMO energy gap of ∼1.79 eV and are used to assign the first two excitonic bands. Frontier orbital analyses reveal several HOMO → LUMO transitions involving halogen-to-metal charge transfers. For the I-coordinated cluster, more complicated I-to-metal charge transfers give rise to different excitation features observed experimentally. The current findings show that halogen ligands play important roles in the electronic structures of gold clusters and can be utilized to tune the optical properties of the clusters.
A rigorous method for integrating multiple heterogeneous databases in genetic studies

ABSTRACT The large number of existing databases provides a freely available independent source of information with a considerable potential to increase the likelihood of identifying genes for complex diseases. We developed a flexible framework for integrating such heterogeneous databases into novel large scale genetic studies and implemented the methods in a freely-available, user-friendly R package called MIND. For each marker, MIND computes the posterior probability that the marker has effect in the novel data collection based on the information in all available data. MIND 1) relies on a very general model, 2) is based on the mathematical formulas that provide us with the exact value of the posterior probability, and 3) has good estimation properties because of its very efficient parameterization. For an existing data set, only the ranks of the markers are needed, where ties among the ranks are allowed. Through simulations, cross-validation analyses involving 18 GWAS, and an independent replication study of 6,544 SNPs in 6,298 samples we show that MIND 1) is accurate, 2) outperforms marker selection for follow up studies based on p-values, and 3) identifies effects that would otherwise require replication of over 20 times as many markers. AUTHOR SUMMARY The large number of existing databases provides a freely available independent source of information with a considerable potential to increase the likelihood of identifying genes for complex diseases. We developed a flexible framework for integrating such heterogeneous databases into novel large scale genetic studies and implemented the methods in a freely-available, user-friendly R package called MIND. For each marker, MIND computes an estimate of the (posterior) probability that the marker has effect in the novel data collection based on the information in all available data. For an existing data set, only the ranks of the markers are needed to be known, where ties among the ranks are allowed. MIND 1) relies on a realistic model that takes confounding effects into account, 2) is based on the mathematical formulas that provide us with the exact value of the posterior probability, and 3) has good estimation properties because of its very efficient parameterization. Simulation, validation, and a replication study in independent samples show that MIND is accurate and greatly outperforms marker selection without using existing data sets.
Climate change beliefs and support for development: Testing a cognitive hierarchy of support for natural resource-related economic development in rural Pennsylvania

Abstract Economic development in rural areas is commonly tied to the use of natural resources. These uses can be categorized as extractive (e.g. mining, natural gas, and logging) or non-extractive (e.g. real estate, tourism, outdoor recreation, and wind energy). Research has shown local support is crucial for sustainable economic development. Therefore, understanding what drives support can help researchers better understand why some projects succeed where others do not. This becomes increasingly important in the face of global climatic change. Extractive uses of natural resources in rural areas are associated with high volumes of CO2 emissions and will have to be greatly reduced if the United States is to successfully respond to climate change. In their place, non-extractive forms of natural resource development have emerged as possible alternatives in transition. Therefore, understanding the impact of climate change beliefs on support for different forms of natural resource development is beneficial for ensuring equitable plans that reflect the needs and desires of rural residents. Using a cognitive hierarchy framework, we test a model hypothesizing support for extractive or non-extractive development is influenced by climate change beliefs which are influenced by both environmental beliefs and political conservatism. We test our model on a sample of rural Pennsylvanians using structural equation modeling and find mixed support for the model. Notably, anthropocentrism and biocentrism both had positive relationships with both forms of development, refuting hypotheses. Further, belief in anthropogenic climate change had a positive relationship with extractive support, but no relationship with non-extractive support.
Overview of Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes (i.e., eating an objectively large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control while eating) in the absence of regular compensatory behavior. BED follows a chronic course marked by significant dysfunction and impairment. This review focuses on advances in the understanding of BED, including its diagnosis, correlates, risk factors, and treatment, with particular attention to the past 5 to 8 years. BED remains the most common eating disorder in the USA and globally. BED occurs across the lifespan and among diverse gender, racial, and ethnic groups. Risk for and maintenance of BED results from multiple psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors. First-line treatment for reducing binge eating is cognitive behavioral therapy, with efficacy for interpersonal psychotherapy as well. Lisdexamfetamine is an FDA-approved medication for moderate to severe cases of BED. Even with advances in its diagnosis and treatment, better assessment and understanding of BED in diverse gender, racial, and ethnic populations is needed. Studies of shared risk factors underlying BED and comorbid disorders may lead to a greater understanding of mechanisms for intervention. Future research should prioritize evaluating the implementation of established treatments among populations in need, as well as establishing new interventions that can be scaled for delivery in real-world settings. Given overlap between BED and overweight/obesity, a continued focus on developing treatments that effectively address binge eating and weight management is warranted.
Inorganic Nitrite Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function With Aging: Translational Evidence for Suppression of Mitochondria-Derived Oxidative Stress.

To determine the efficacy of inorganic nitrite supplementation on endothelial function in humans and mechanisms of action, we performed (1) a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial with sodium nitrite (80 mg/day, 12 weeks) in older adults (N=49, 68±1 year) and (2) reverse-translation experiments in young (6 months) and old (27 months) c57BL/6 mice. In the clinical trial, sodium nitrite increased plasma nitrite (P<0.05) and was well tolerated. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (endothelial function) was increased 28% versus baseline after nitrite supplementation (P<0.05) but unchanged with placebo. Nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was reduced by 45% versus baseline in biopsied endothelial cells after nitrite, but not placebo, treatment. Plasma from nitrite-treated, but not placebo-treated, subjects decreased whole-cell (CellROX) and mitochondria-specific (MitoSOX) reactive oxygen species in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (P<0.05). Old mice (old [27 months] control, n=9) had ≈30% lower ex vivo carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) versus young mice (young [6 months] control, n=9) due to reduced NO bioavailability (P<0.05). Nitrite supplementation (drinking water, 50 mg/L, 8 weeks) restored EDD and NO bioavailability in old mice (n=10) to (6 months) control. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species suppression of EDD was present in old control (increased EDD with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, P<0.05) but not in young control or old mice supplemented with sodium nitrite. A mitochondrial reactive oxygen species inducer (rotenone) further impaired EDD in old control (P<0.05); young control and old mice supplemented with sodium nitrite were protected. Markers of mitochondrial health were greater in aorta of old mice supplemented with sodium nitrite versus old control (P<0.05). Inorganic nitrite supplementation improves endothelial function with aging by increasing NO, decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/oxidative stress, and increasing mitochondrial stress resistance. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02393742.
Arthroscopic debridement for management of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review of outcomes

Background Surgical management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears remains controversial. Arthroscopic debridement (AD) has shown promising results especially in the population older than 65 years; however, there is no consensus on the benefits of various AD procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the functional midterm to long-term outcomes in patients treated with AD in combination with subacromial decompression, biceps tenotomy, tuberoplasty, or bursectomy, without repair of the rotator cuff tear. Methods A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane databases for studies reporting clinical outcomes of AD of massive rotator cuff tears. Quality was determined using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) criteria by two independent reviewers. Pooled frequency-weighted means and standard deviations were calculated for patient-reported outcomes. Results Sixteen articles containing 643 patients and 662 shoulders met the eligibility criteria. The mean age at the time of surgery was 65.9 ± 4.4 years with a mean follow-up period of 46.5 ± 27.3 months. There was notable clinically significant improvement across all patient-reported outcome scores postoperatively: Constant 70.4 ± 8.9 (P value = .06), University of California, Los Angeles ultrasonography 26.7 ± 5.2 (P value = .001), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score 71.7 ± 2.1 (P value = .12), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score 35.3, and visual analog score 1.7 ± 0.9. Forty-nine patients (7%) required reoperation, which most commonly was a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the development of rotator cuff arthropathy. Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement with a combination of subacromial decompression, tuberoplasty, subacromial bursectomy, and biceps tenotomy, for treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, produces good functional outcomes and improvement in pain at mid to long term follow up for the low-demand population greater than 65 years of age looking for pain relief over substantial increase in function.
Using Mobile Device Data to Understand the Effect of Stay-at-Home Orders on Residents’ Mobility

Problem definition: This study addresses three important questions concerning the effectiveness of stay-at-home orders and sociodemographic disparities. (1) What is the average effect of the orders...
Proximate Composition and Nutritional Attributes of Ready-to-Cook Catfish Products.

To increase the demand for U.S. farm-raised catfish, five healthy, convenient ready-to-cook products were developed to expand consumers’ options beyond basic fresh or frozen fillets. Five new catfish products were produced, consisting of one hundred samples of each, including three size-types of Panko-breaded fish products (strips, center cuts of regular fillets, and center cuts from Delacata fillets) and two marinated products (sriracha and sesame-ginger). The breaded products were to be prepared by baking for convenience over traditional frying methods, while the marinated products were to be microwaved as healthy and convenient products. The nutrient content of the samples was analyzed, including protein, moisture, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrate, as well as minerals, amino acid, and fatty acid constituent content, with associated atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI), showing unique differences between the Panko-breaded and marinated products. In addition, a trend was observed showing an increase in moisture, protein, ash, and carbohydrate percentages, and a decrease in lipid content related to the volume-to-surface-area ratio, having the order of strips < standard fillets < Delacata fillets.
Crowell’s Account of Husserl’s and Heidegger’s Divergent Interpretations of Phenomenology’s Transcendental Character

Turning now to the final variation of the trend that seeks a rapprochement between the phenomenologies of Husserl and Heidegger, Steven Crowell’s careful discussion of their relationship will be considered, within the context of the present study. According to Crowell, the issue that divides Husserl and Heidegger does not concern the interpretation per se of phenomenology, that is, of “‘phenomenology: transcendental philosophy or ontology?’”1 Rather, for him the issue is “‘transcendental phenomenology: epistemology or ontology?’”2 Thus for Crowell, “the real issues concern not so much Heidegger’s rejection, as his reinterpretation, of central Husserlian notions.”3 Indeed, Crowell holds that “[t]here is a good sense in which Heidegger can be said to adopt the program of inquiry into ‘transcendental constitution’.”4
Stability and Approximation of an Acoustic-Structure Model

We consider uniform exponential stability and preservation of this property under approximations for a coupled acoustic- structure system with “porous” damped boundary conditions. This system consists of a 2-D acoustic cavity whose portion of its boundary is modeled as a flexible beam. Using a multiplier technique we show that the “porous” boundary condition provides enough damping to yield uniform exponential stability of the model. We also present a polynomial-based Galerkin numerical scheme which results in approximate solutions with a uniform rate of decay.
Between theory and experience: The dia‐logical nature of managerial knowledge – implications for the preparation of education leaders

Argues for the need to conceive managerial and administrative knowledge as dia‐logical (as opposed to technical) knowledge and explores the implications for the preparation of education leaders. Although there is widespread agreement that knowledge‐in‐action (know how, intuition, tacit knowledge) is different from technical or propositional knowledge, the preparation of education practitioners continues to be conducted as if the acquisition of technical knowledge was all‐important. Given that the university, as an institution, is always likely to favour technical over dialogical knowledge, it is important to demonstrate that the notion of “intuition”, “experience” or “tacit knowledge” are anchored in the best traditions of pragmatism, as well as in the current surge of interest in knowledge management.
"I got caught up in the game": generational influences on contraceptive decision making in African-American women

PURPOSE: Reproductive health disparities are a significant issue for African-American adolescents. This study was designed to explore the cross-generational influences on adolescent sexuality in a cohort of daughters/granddaughters of U.S. born African-American women. DATA SOURCES: Data were generated through interviews with triads of African-American women: grandmothers and their daughters and granddaughters to gain insight into the phenomena of early sexual debut high rates of unintended pregnancies HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections from a cross-generational perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Six themes emerged from the data: southern influences; a worldview of relationships; communication-key to preparedness; seeking information from mom; "I got caught up in the game"; and contraceptive use and beliefs. In this sample mothers and grandmothers culture values and beliefs significantly influenced the adolescents sexual and reproductive decision making. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians knowledge of African-American culture beliefs and family values is key when providing guidance about contraception to these young women. (c)2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation (c)2012 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.
Migraine Relief With Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Caffeine

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of the nonprescription combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine in alleviating migraine headache pain.Design:Three double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, single-dose, placebo-controlled studies.Setting:Private practice, referral centers, and general community.Patients:Migraineurs with moderate or severe headache pain who met International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura or without aura. The most severely disabled segment of migraineurs, including those whose attacks usually required bed rest, or who vomited 20% or more of the time, were excluded. Of the 1357 enrolled patients, 1250 took study medication and 1220 were included in the efficacy-evaluable data set.Intervention:Two tablets of the nonprescription combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine or placebo taken orally as a single-dose treatment of 1 eligible acute migraine attack.Main Outcome Measures:Pain intensity difference from baseline; percentage of patients with pain reduced to mild or none.Results:Significantly greater reductions in migraine headache pain intensity 1 to 6 hours after dose were seen in patients taking the acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine combination than in those taking placebo in each of the 3 studies. Pain intensity was reduced to mild or none 2 hours after dose in 59.3% of the 602 drug-treated patients compared with 32.8% of the 618 placebo-treated patients (P<.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-63% for drug, 29%-37% for placebo); at 6 hours after dose, 79% vs 52%, respectively, had pain reduced to mild or none (P<.001; 95% CI, 75%-82% vs 48%-56%). In addition, by 6 hours after dose, 50.8% of the drug-treated patients were pain free compared with 23.5% of the placebo-treated patients (P<.001; 95% CI, 47%-55% for drug, 20%-27% for placebo). Other migraine headache characteristics, such as nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, were significantly improved 2 to 6 hours after treatment with the acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine combination compared with placebo (P<.01).Conclusions:The nonprescription combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine was highly effective for the treatment of migraine headache pain as well as for alleviating the nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability associated with migraine attacks. This drug combination also has an excellent safety profile and is well tolerated.
Chronic Hypocaloric Parenteral Nutrition Containing Glutamine Promotes Hepatic Rather Than Skeletal Muscle or Gut Uptake of Glutamine After Fasting

Background : The effect of chronic parenteral infusions of either saline (S), dextrose (D), amino acids without glutamine (AA), or amino acids including glutamine dipeptides (AA+GLN) on interorgan movement of glutamine (GLN) and glutamate (GLU) after fasting was examined. Methods : Multicatheterized mongrel dogs were stressed by fasting for 4 days followed by a 4-day IV infusion of either S (30 mL/h, n = 8), D (8.6 kcal/h, n = 8), isocaloric AA (8.3 g N/d, n = 7), or isocaloric AA+GLN (8.3 g N/d, 6.8 g GLN/d, n = 6). Hepatic and hindlimb blood flows were estimated, and net arterio-venous balance measurements (μmol/kg per minute) were made during the last 2 hours of infusion. Results : Arterial blood concentrations of GLU were 47 ± 6, 52 ± 3, 47 ± 5, and 62 ± 8 and of GLN were 587 ± 25, 548 ± 20, 423 ± 22 (p ≤.05 vs S), and 512 ± 59 μmol/L for S, D, AA, and AA+GLN, respectively. Slight GLU uptake and GLN release by the hindlimb were observed in all groups. Gut GLU production was -0.31 ± 0.06, -0.04 ± 0.07 (p ≤.05 vs S), -0.15 ± 0.05, and -0.14 ± 0.02 (p ≤.05 vs S), and gut GLN uptake was 0.64 ± 0.38, 1.54 ± 0.25, 0.80 ± 0.16, and 0.85 ± 0.11. Hepatic GLU uptake was 0.16 ± 0.06, 0.09 ± 0.05, 0.23 ± 0.06, and 0.43 ± 0.10 (p ≤.05 vs S). Net hepatic GLN balance was - 0.06 ± 0.54, - 0.77 ± 0.17, -0.21 ± 0.13, and 1.92 ± 0.39 (p ≤.05 vs S). Conclusions : Neither hindlimb GLU uptake nor GLN release were influenced by nutrient infusion. Parenteral D blunted gut GLU release with no effect on gut GLN uptake. AA did not alter GLN or GLU balances in the organs measured. However, although AA+GLN infusion did not enhance gut GLN uptake, it did alter hepatic metabolism with a threefold increase in GLU uptake and a shift from net GLN equilibrium to GLN utilization. Thus, GLN administered parenterally after fasting was not directed preferentially for use by skeletal muscle or by gut tissues but rather was used extensively by the liver.
Measurement of urea kinetics in humans: a validation of stable isotope tracer methods

To define the importance of an accurate priming dose for measurement of urea production using a primed, short-duration (e.g., 4 h) infusion of labeled urea, [18O]- and [13C]ureas were infused simultaneously at two different prime-to-infusion (P/I) doses into five young adult men. The measured mean (+/-SE) urea production rates were 261 +/- 12 and 509 +/- 25 mumol X kg-1 X h-1 for P/I = 12.6-h and 5.0-h priming doses, respectively. In a second series of studies, a single dose of [18O]urea tracer was administered intravenously to four subjects, and the urea production rate was determined from the plasma urea tracer disappearance curve obtained over the following 6 h by fitting the data to a two-exponent curve. The mean urea production rate was 224 +/- 14 mumol X kg-1 X h-1. Because the fractional turnover of the body urea pool is slow, the priming dose strongly influences the "apparent" plasma urea enrichment plateau and, therefore, the measured urea production rate during short-duration infusions. Alternatively, the single-dose protocol can be applied to measure human urea production accurately in periods as short as 6 h.
Direct-semidirect and pure-resonance model calculations of fast neutron capture on 208 Pb

Fast neutron capture on 208Pb is calculated in a formalism in which only a giant-dipole resonance term appears explicitly. The calculations give reasonable fits to the data, and are much less sensitive to form-factor ambiguities than direct-semidirect calculations.
Nitric Oxide in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Nitric Oxide (NO) is the major regulator of cerebral blood flow. In addition, it inhibits platelet adherence and aggregation, reduces adherence of leukocytes to the endothelium, and suppresses vessel injury. NO is produced on demand by nitric oxide synthase and has a very short half life. Hence maintenance of its cerebral level is crucial for normal vascular physiology. Time dependent alterations in cerebral NO level and the enzymes responsible for its synthesis are found after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Cerebral NO level decreases, recovers and increases within the first 24h after SAH. Each change in cerebral NO level elicits a different pathological response form already compromised brain. These response range from constriction, platelet aggregation and vascular injury that occurs during the early hours and delayed occurring vasospasm, neuronal and axonal damage. This review summarizes the underlying mechanism and the consequence of alteration in cerebral NO level on brain during the first 72h after SAH.
Poly(Butanediol Spermate): A Hydrolytically Labile Polyester-Based Nitric Oxide Carrier:

A polyester composed of spermic acid and 1,4-butanediol was synthesized via a Michael-type reaction, using 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate. A linear polymer, poly(butanediol spermate), with Mw of 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of 1.95, was insoluble in organic solvents, but slowly dissolved in water. After dissolving in water poly(butanediol spermate) hydrolyzed to produce spermic acid and 1,4-butanediol. The rate of hydrolysis was pH-dependent. At 20°C in buffers of pH 9.7, 7.4, and 4.8, 50% decomposition occurred in 2.5, 1.5, and 3.5 hours, respectively. Secondary amines in the polymer were chemically modified (34-45%) with nitric oxide to form 1-substituted diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates which spontaneously released nitric oxide in neutral or acidic aqueous solutions. The poly(butanediol spermate) diazeniumdiolate, in pH 7.4 buffer at 37°C, slowly dissolved and hydrolyzed with a 50% hydrolysis in 190 hours. Nitric oxide release from the polymer was delayed for approximately 100 ho...
Tankyrase Inhibitors Target YAP by Stabilizing Angiomotin Family Proteins

As the key effector in the Hippo pathway, YAP was identified as an oncoprotein whose expression is elevated in various human cancers. However, the development of potentially therapeutic compounds targeting YAP has been slow and limited. Here, we find that tankyrase inhibitors suppress YAP activity. This effect is mediated by anigomotin (AMOT) family proteins. Tankyrases associate with AMOT family proteins and promote their degradation through E3 ligase RNF146. By antagonizing tankyrase activity, tankyrase inhibitors stabilize AMOT family proteins, thereby suppressing YAP oncogenic functions. Together, our studies not only demonstrate the tankyrase-RNF146-AMOT axis as an upstream pathway regulating YAP but also reveal a therapeutic opportunity in targeting YAP for cancer treatment.
Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food

Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food. Steve Striffler. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. 195 pp.
A novel adaptive algorithm applied to a class of redundant representation vector quantizers for waveform and model based coding

Recently, novel vector quantization techniques in multiple nonorthogonal domains for both waveform and Linear Prediction (LP) model based, signal characterization have been reported. This approach gives an improved signal coding performance as compared to vector quantization in a single domain. In these techniques, each vector, formed either directly from the signal waveform or from the LP model coefficients extracted from the signal, is encoded in the domain that best represents the vector. An iterative algorithm for codebook accuracy enhancement, applicable to both waveform and LP model based vector quantization in nonorthogonal domains is developed and presented in this paper. In this algorithm, in the learning mode, each set of codebooks is retrained by those training vectors that selected that particular set of codebooks in the most recent iteration. Sample results are provided which clearly demonstrate the improved performance for the same bitrate.
Carotenoids in asporogenous yeasts.

1. The carotenoid pigments of a number of species ofRhodotorula andCryptococcus have been investigated. 2. In both genera, so-called yellow yeasts are found which contain β-carotene as the principal pigment. 3. The β-carotene content of species ofCryptococcus varies from nearly imperceptible amounts to 10 mg per 100 g dry yeast. 4. β-carotene is the main pigment ofR. peneaus. The concentration of this pigment is greatly decreased when this yeast is grown at 5°C. 5. The type species ofR. rubra was found to contain torularhodin, torulin, and β-and γ-carotene as the principal pigments. The composition of the pigments was quantitatively and qualitatively nearly the same, whether the yeast was cultured at 5° or at 25°C. 6. Certain strains of the redR. glutinis appear yellow when grown at 5°C. Under these conditions, the proportion of carotene increased appreciably, and torularhodin and torulin content fell correspondingly. 7. The taxonomic significance of carotenoid pigments for genus differentiation in the asporogenous yeasts is questioned.