cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equity traps then and now: deficit thinking, racial erasure and naïve acceptance of meritocracy

AbstractIn what some have called a ‘post-racial’ era, with the two-term election of the first African American president of the US, it is often assumed that pre-service and newly in-serviced millennial teachers would have an advanced equity consciousness. However, in this NSF-funded qualitative study that explored the equity consciousness of new teachers entering the field, it was revealed that these new teachers, like many of their predecessors, continue to be caught in equity traps. These traps – racial erasure, deficit views and the naive acceptance of meritocracy – will, if not mediated, prevent teachers from being successful with all their students, particularly students who represent populations that have historically been underprepared or marginalised. This has significant implications for both university teacher education and educational leadership programmes.
Black Feminisms: Renewing Sacred Healing Spaces

Issues in mental health treatment for black women are multiplicative, significant, and often controversial. As black women increasingly seek professional mental health services, it is imperative th...
Absorption of Botulinum Toxin from the Colon of Macaca Mulatta

Botulinum toxin is one of the few bacterial exotoxins which is absorbed through the intestinal tract. Although symptoms of the disease in man usually appear within 12-36 hours there are instances where they occur after a much longer time. During digestion, food remains in the stomach and small intestine only a short time in contrast to the long time it is in the colon. Furthermore, certain features of botulism in man may abnormally affect these relationships. For example, the gastrointestinal upsets which occur early in some patients may shorten the time that food containing toxin is in the intestine. On the other hand, constipation which is a symptom appearing later in the disease may mean that toxin is retained abnormally long in the colon. After a fatal dose of toxin is absorbed there is reason to believe that symptoms of botulism develop rapidly within a few hours. The long incubation period following the ingestion of toxin which occurs in some patients with botulism would suggest gradual absorption of toxin from the colon and furthermore would indicate
Comparative in vitro corticoidogenic effects of rat adenohypophysial extract and U.S.P. reference standard corticotropin.

SummaryRat pituitary extract and U.S.P. Reference Standard Corticotropin were compared, in Saffran and Schally's in vitro system, with respect to inactivation, corticoidogenic effects, and corticotrophic activation conferred to the incubated glands, as a result of a limited period of contact. The only difference noted pertained to the extent of this residual activation. The relative potency of pituitary extract to reference standard, determined on that basis, was observed to increase linearly with time of contact. This is ascribed to different rates of adsorption, by the glands, of the 2 corticotropins. Taken in conjunction with the more rapid inactivation and disappearance of ACTH in vivo than in vitro, differential adsorption is suggested as the basis of the discrepancy in the estimates of rat pituitary ACTH concentration, yielded by in vivo and in vitro assays.
Excretion of Homogentisic Acid After Oral Administration of Phenylalanine to Alcaptonuric Subjects

SummaryOral administration of 10 to 15 g daily of l(-)-phenylalanine to two alcaptonuric brothers resulted in a notable increase in the excretion of homogentisic acid in the urine, corresponding to about 70% of the amount theoretically obtained by complete conversion of the phenylalanine fed to homogentisic acid. The excretion of the extra homogentisic acid began promptly and was nearly complete within 12 hours after the phenylalanine was fed.
SECOND-HAND AND ANTIQUARIAN BOOKS ON THE INTERNET

This article is a distillation of thousands of conversations held over the past six years or so with collectors, dealers, and librarians about the buying and selling of second-hand and antiquarian books online. It was a gripping topic in 1995 and remains so in 2001. The ability to acquire books via the Internet has, after all, profoundly affected the professional lives of librarians and book dealers and has radically changed the face of both personal and institutional collecting. There is still much to talk about: The ground continues to shift beneath our feet as online book sites, originally an American . . .
The Costs Of Education And Cost Sharing In The View of Transaction Cost Theory

The resources used in education are a kind of learning costs in generalized transaction cost in modern economic system.The optimization of educational resources requests that marginal transaction costs equalize their marginal return.This essay explores 5 kinds of operation patterns of education from six dimensions in transaction cost theory,and the result is that the fourth pattern is the most excellent one.To operate the fourth pattern depends on an opening,competing market of education services.
Reaction of Cp*(Cl)M(Diene) (M = Ti, Hf) with Isonitriles

We have investigated the reaction of isonitriles (RNC) with electronically unsaturated diene complexes of Ti and Hf. Cp*(Cl)Ti(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1) reacts with 2 equiv of RNC to give η1,η2-diimine complexes 2 (R = tBu) and 3 (R = 1-adamantyl). Cp*(Cl)Ti(N,N-di-tBu-η1,η2-diimine) (2), in the presence of pyridine, fragments to Cp*(Cl)Ti(NtBu)(NC5H5) (10) and an α-methylene cyclopent-3-enimine (11). The hafnium analogue of 1, Cp*(Cl)Hf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (14), has been reported to give a cyclic amidine complex when treated with 2 equiv of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile. By X-ray crystallography, however, we find that 14 and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile give instead a 2,5-diazahafnacyclopentane that features a σ-interaction between the C–C bond of a cyclopropane ring and the Hf.
Inter-rater Reliability of Sustained Aberrant Movement Patterns as a Clinical Assessment of Muscular Fatigue.

BACKGROUND The assessment of clinical manifestation of muscle fatigue is an effective procedure in establishing therapeutic exercise dose. Few studies have evaluated physical therapist reliability in establishing muscle fatigue through detection of changes in quality of movement patterns in a live setting. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of physical therapists' ability to detect altered movement patterns due to muscle fatigue. DESIGN A reliability study in a live setting with multiple raters. PARTICIPANTS Forty-four healthy individuals (ages 19-35) were evaluated by six physical therapists in a live setting. METHODS Participants were evaluated by physical therapists for altered movement patterns during resisted shoulder rotation. Each participant completed a total of four tests: right shoulder internal rotation, right shoulder external rotation, left shoulder internal rotation and left shoulder external rotation. RESULTS For all tests combined, the inter-rater reliability for a single rater scoring ICC (2,1) was .65 (95%, .60, .71) This corresponds to moderate inter-rater reliability between physical therapists. LIMITATIONS The results of this study apply only to healthy participants and therefore cannot be generalized to a symptomatic population. CONCLUSION Moderate inter-rater reliability was found between physical therapists in establishing muscle fatigue through the observation of sustained altered movement patterns during dynamic resistive shoulder internal and external rotation.
A Multi-purpose Micro System for Electrophysiological Analyses of Single Cells

A micro analysis system for multi-purpose electrophysiological analyses of single cells has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The micro system contains multiple extracellular electrodes and opposing electrode pairs that interface with a single cell analysis cavity. These electrodes can be used for general singular electrode extracellular stimulation / recording studies, dual electrode applications such as impedance spectroscopy, and for applications requiring a greater number of electrodes such as impedance tomography. Additionally, the analysis cavity contains a sealing / clamping mechanism and a backside extracellular reference electrode for patch clamping studies. The analysis cavities were designed in an array format for parallel analyses. Proof of concept experiments were carried out using bovine chromaffin cells. The cellular analysis system was demonstrated by performing electrical impedance spectroscopy on chromaffin cells, air, and phosphate buffered solution (PBS) over a range from 40.0Hz to 1.0MHz. Furthermore, the cellular analysis system was demonstrated in patch clamping mode. Using the integrated glass sealing ring, giga-seals were obtained on a population of chromaffin cells. The micro system generated average giga-seal resistances of 0.23 GΩ with non-sealed average cavity-to-backside resistances of 10.5 kΩ.
The MHC Restriction of a Monoclonal Antigen-Specific I-J+ TsF2 Maps to a Location Outside the I-J Subregion

Negative regulation of the immune response is mediated by distinct subpopulations of T lymphocytes (1–6). Current information suggests that at least three separate suppressor Tcells (Ts) and their respective mediators (TsF) are involved in a defined sequence of events. While the mechanisms by which these TsF effect suppression remain unclear, it is important to note that many of the described TsF not only contain an I-J major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinant but must react with an MHC-controlled gene product on an acceptor cell.
Perceptions of Provider Communication Among Vulnerable Patients With Diabetes: Influences of Medical Mistrust and Health Literacy

Patient–provider communication is modifiable and is linked to diabetes outcomes. The association of communication quality with medical mistrust is unknown. We examined these factors within the context of a low-literacy/numeracy-focused intervention to improve diabetes care, using baseline data from diverse patients enrolled in a randomized trial of a health communication intervention. Demographics, measures of health communication (Communication Assessment Tool [CAT], Interpersonal Processes of Care survey [IPC-18]), health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults), depression, medical mistrust, and glycemic control were ascertained. Adjusted proportional odds models were used to test the association of mistrust with patient-reported communication quality. The interaction effect of health literacy on mistrust and communication quality was also assessed. A total of 410 patients were analyzed. High levels of mistrust were observed. In multivariable modeling, patients with higher mistrust...
“A Crowd of Little Poets”: Dryden’s Use of Milton’s Serpent in his Aeneid, II

(1989). “A Crowd of Little Poets”: Dryden’s Use of Milton’s Serpent in his Aeneid, II. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 2, Seventeenth-Century Poetry. Edited by John Shawcross, pp. 94-96.
Comparison of commercial and next generation quantum key distribution: Technologies for secure communication of information

Battelle has been actively exploring emerging quantum key distribution (QKD) cryptographic technologies for secure communication of information with a goal of expanding the use of this technology by commercial enterprises in the United States. In QKD systems, the principles of quantum physics are applied to generate a secret data encryption key, which is distributed between two users. The security of this key is guaranteed by the laws of quantum physics, and this distributed key can be used to encrypt data to enable secure communication on insecure channels. To date, Battelle has studied commercially available and custom-built QKD systems in controlled laboratory environments and is actively working to establish a QKD Test Bed network to characterize performance in real world metropolitan (10–100 km) and long distance (> 100 km) environments. All QKD systems that we have tested to date utilize a discrete variable (DV) binary approach. In this approach, discrete information is encoded onto a quantum state of a single photon, and binary data are measured using single photon detectors. Recently, continuous variable (CV) QKD systems have been developed and are expected to be commercially available shortly. In CV-QKD systems, randomly generated continuous variables are encoded on coherent states of weak pulses of light, and continuous data values are measured with homodyne detection methods. In certain applications for cyber security, the CV-QKD systems may offer advantages over traditional DV-QKD systems, such as a higher secret key exchange rate for short distances, lower cost, and compatibility with telecommunication technologies. In this paper, current CV- and DV-QKD approaches are described, and security issues and technical challenges fielding these quantum-based systems are discussed. Experimental and theoretical data that have been published on quantum key exchange rates and distances that are relevant to metropolitan and long distance network applications are presented. From an analysis of these data, the relative performance of the two approaches is compared as a function of distance and environment (free space and optical fiber). Additionally, current research activities are described for both technologies, which include network integration and methods to increase secret key distribution rates and distances.
Comparative Toxicogenomic Responses to the Flame Retardant mITP in Developing Zebrafish.

Monosubstituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mITP) is a major component of Firemaster 550, an additive flame retardant mixture commonly used in polyurethane foams. Developmental toxicity studies in zebrafish established mITP as the most toxic component of FM 550, which causes pericardial edema and heart looping failure. Mechanistic studies showed that mITP is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand; however, the cardiotoxic effects of mITP were independent of the AhR. We performed comparative whole genome transcriptomics in wild-type and ahr2hu3335 zebrafish, which lack functional ahr2, to identify transcriptional signatures causally involved in the mechanism of mITP-induced cardiotoxicity. Regardless of ahr2 status, mITP exposure resulted in decreased expression of transcripts related to the synthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid and a host of Hox genes. Clustered gene ontology enrichment analysis showed unique enrichment in biological processes related to xenobiotic metabolism and response to extern...
Analysis of land degradation processes on a tiger bush plateau in South West Niger using MODIS and LANDSAT TM/ETM+ data

Abstract Remote sensing digital image analysis has been applied to monitor land clearing and degradation processes on a plateau covered by tiger bush near Niamey in South West Niger, where signs of severe landscape degradation due to fuelwood supply have been observed in the last decades. A MODIS NDVI dataset (2000–2015) and five LANDSAT images (1986–2012) were used to identify spatial and temporal dynamics and to emphasize areas of greater degradation. The study indicates that the land clearing found by previous investigations in the second part of the 20 th century is still ongoing, with a decreasing trend of MODIS NDVI values recorded in the period 2000–2015. This trend appeared to be linked to an increase in bare soil areas that was demonstrated by analysis of LANDSAT SAVI images. The investigation also indicated that rates of degradation are stronger in more deteriorated areas like those located nearer Niamey; degradation patterns also tend to increase from the inner areas to the edges of the plateau. These results attest to the urgency to develop effective environmental preservation policies and find alternative solutions for domestic energy supply.
Carrying, caring, and conversing: Constraints on the emergence of cooperation, conformity, and language

Social and ecological research and theory are used to elaborate and enrich two important sets of accounts of language origins. One is the interdependence and shared intentionality hypothesis (e.g., Tomasello, 2014a ) of the ways in which humans became cooperative and conforming in ways that other apes did not, eventually leading to language. A second set of accounts addresses the emergence of bipedalism and its connections to language and to many other anatomical, cognitive, and social features that are distinctive in humans. Particular attention is given to the carrying and caretaking of infants. Research and theory challenging common assumptions about the role of conformity in cooperation and conversation are reviewed and integrated into these accounts. Together these varying perspectives point toward a more dialogical, dynamic, and distributed understanding of social interactions and the values that motivate and constrain humans’ social and linguistic skills.
The safety and feasibility of minimally invasive sentinel lymph node staging using indocyanine green in the management of endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to report on the feasibility of laparoscopic sentinel lymph node (SLN) staging using indocyanine green (ICG) in the management of endometrial cancer. Study design We retrospectively evaluated the charts of presumed, clinical stage I endometrial cancer patients who underwent robotic-assisted surgery that incorporated mapping with ICG and SLN dissection from January 2016 until February 2017. Patient demographics, operative characteristics (e.g., complications, lymph node counts) and pathology data were evaluated. Results There were 87 patients who were included in the study. A total of 370 lymph nodes were removed, of which 245 were SLNs; unilateral and bilateral mapping of the SLNs was achieved in 84 (96.5%) and 71 (81.6%) of subjects, respectively. There were 10 (11.5%) patients who had metastatic disease identified within 22 (5.9%) of the total (n = 370) lymph nodes extracted, 19 (7.7%) of which were sentinel lymph nodes. We did not observe any intraoperative complications. Conclusion The results from our study suggest that minimally invasive SLN staging using ICG is a feasible procedure that is potentially effective at detecting metastases, which may ultimately attenuate the incidence of surgical morbidity.
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy corrects metabolic perturbations in a low-exercise capacity rat model.

Abstract Objective Bariatric surgery is currently our most effective strategy at weight loss, yet the mechanisms for its success remain unknown. Low exercise capacity, in humans and rodents, predicts poor metabolic outcome. The objective of this manuscript was to determine if bariatric surgery could restore metabolic perturbations in rats with low intrinsic exercise capacity. Methods We performed vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or sham surgery in high fat-fed rats selectively bred for low running capacity. Results We found that VSG reduced body mass through a reduction in fat mass, caused early reductions in food intake, and shifted macronutrient preference away from fat and toward carbohydrates. VSG had no impact on basal glucose but did improve the return to baseline after an oral glucose load. As has been shown previously, VSG increased postprandial insulin, GLP-1, and bile acids. There was no significant impact of VSG on plasma triglycerides, hepatic triglycerides, or cholesterol. Interestingly, the brown adipose tissue to white adipose tissue ratio tended to be greater in VSG compared to sham surgery animals. While VSG positively impacted several aspects of metabolism, it did not enhance maximal oxygen capacity and seemed to lower metabolic efficiency as indicated by lower resting oxygen consumption and fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Conclusion VSG can improve the metabolic status of animals with a low exercise capacity independently of exercise capacity.
Why Bioethics Should Be Concerned With Medically Unexplained Symptoms

Biomedical diagnostic science is a great deal less successful than we've been willing to acknowledge in bioethics, and this fact has far-reaching ethical implications. In this article I consider the surprising prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms, and the term's ambiguous meaning. Then I frame central questions that remain answered in this context with respect to informed consent, autonomy, and truth-telling. Finally, I show that while considerable attention in this area is given to making sure not to provide biological care to patients without a need, comparatively little is given to the competing, ethically central task of making sure never to obstruct access to biological care for those with diagnostically confusing biological conditions. I suggest this problem arises from confusion about the philosophical value of vagueness when it comes to the line between biological and psychosocial needs.
From Categories to Quantitative Concepts

This chapter analyzes the changes in linguistic usage and extended terminology that preceded and enabled the developments of classical Greek philosophy and the Scientific Revolution. Classical explanations of human activities in terms of nature and of natural processes in terms of an inner necessity emerged from a protracted process of demythologizing earlier mythological accounts. Aristotle’s Categories made individual objects the subjects of scientific investigation and so initiated the language of physics. Later scientific advances by Alexandrian and Arabic philosophers never treated a quantitative account of properties. This emerged from detheologizing medieval accounts of the quantity of a quality. It culminated in the scientific terminology of Newtonian physics.
Aims of Education Revisited (Einstein’s E = MC2 of Education)

Schooling cannot be evaluated nor improved without reference to the aims of education. This chapter presents a perspective on the aims of education from the little-known educational philosophy of Albert Einstein. Einstein held that, “…The aim (of education) must be the training of independently acting and thinking individuals, who, however, see in the service of the community their highest life problem.” It is argued that the shortcoming of traditional education can be summarized as the tendency to produce the exact opposite result of Einstein’s aim, or its actual inversion. That is, too often, mass education in its quest for standardization interferes with the nurturing of independently acting individuals and their unique potential; and the common goals of the community are increasingly neglected as the implicit goal of education is perceived to be singularly focused on the pursuit of individualistic ends. Einstein’s “theory of motivation” emphasizing “holy curiosity” and joy in the subject matter is further expanded. Einstein’s viewpoint is consistent with modern conceptions of Positive Youth Development: It supports a vision of youth engagement as one of making of positive contributions to the self, others, and civil society. It can also help to ameliorate the growing sense that individual achievement and attainment is the ultimate goal not only in school but also in life. Rather, educators may come to understand one of their most important functions as identifying and supporting youths’ future directions and sense of mission based on their strengths, interests, and values.
Performance optimization of budget-constrained mapreduce workflows in multi-clouds

With the rapid deployment of cloud infrastructures around the globe and the economic benefit of cloud-based computing and storage services, an increasing number of scientific workflows have been shifted or are in active transition to clouds. As the scale of scientific applications continues to grow, it is now common to deploy data- and network-intensive computing workflows across multi-clouds, where inter-cloud data transfer has a significant impact on both workflow performance and financial cost. We construct rigorous mathematical models to analyze intra- and inter-cloud execution dynamics of scientific workflows and formulate a budget-constrained workflow mapping problem to optimize the network performance of MapReduce-based scientific workflows in Hadoop systems in multi-cloud environments. We show this problem to be NP-complete and design a heuristic solution that takes into consideration module execution, data transfer, and I/O operations. The performance superiority of the proposed mapping solution over existing methods is illustrated through extensive simulations and further verified by real-life workflow experiments deployed in public clouds. We observe about 15% discrepancy between our theoretical estimates and real-world experimental measurements, which validates the correctness of our cost models and also ensures accurate workflow mapping in real systems.
The social psychophysics of cooperation: Nonverbal communication in a public goods game.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cooperation in a social dilemma context could be facilitated by inducing participants to emit “social psychophysical” cues, information in the perceptual array that affords meaningful and consequential social inferences. In particular, participants were asked to engage in mutual eye gaze, to touch one another gently, to communicate in a virtual chat room, or to tap out rhythms in synchrony. All but the last of these manipulations increased contributions to a public good in all-male but not all-female groups. These results suggest the inference systems that are engaged when individuals make decisions about whether or not to cooperate in a group context are responsive to relatively low level nonverbal behavioral cues.
Controlled Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Cocaine in Combination with Other Commonly Abused Drugs in Humans

Publisher Summary Multiple drug use and abuse is well documented among drug abusers in general and cocaine abusers in particular. Multiple drug use among cocaine abusers is a significant public health concern because it is associated with increased morbidity. Data from clinical samples also document high levels of multiple drug use and abuse among cocaine abusers. The study by Higgins and colleagues illustrates the performance effects of cocaine and alcohol, alone and in combination. Controlled laboratory studies that examined the cardio-vascular effects of cocaine alcohol combinations in humans generally support the position that the effects of the drug combination are of larger magnitude than those observed with cocaine alone. This chapter highlights the fact that regular cigarette smoking is more common among cocaine abusers than the general population. Studies suggest that cocaine may increase the reinforcing effects of nicotine, although this effect could be the result of a nonspecific increase in overall activity levels. Experimental results of cocaine-nicotine interactions in humans are sparse, but this chapter elucidates three tentative conclusions. The prevalence of multiple drug abuse among cocaine abusers is striking.
Soil Fertility Paradigms Evaluated through Collaboration On-farm and On-station

A “paradigm” is a way of interpreting and making sense of the world. As such, our views on soil fertility are coherent with our interpretation of the scientific process and science institutions, and perhaps our feeling about the place of agriculture in the larger scheme of things. In agriculture today, two contradictory approaches to soil fertility uneasily coexist – the cation ratio paradigm (CR) and that referred to as “sufficient level of available nutrients” (SLAN).
Recent Updates on Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

The goal of this review is to provide a practical and comprehensive update on changes in the classification of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and a summary of the most recent developments in our understanding of its genomic landscape, prognostic models, and therapeutic approaches. The 2017 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification includes substantial changes to the subclassification CMML. The clinical utility of the newly revised subclassification scheme is discussed. In addition, we provide an overview of the genetic changes involved in the pathogenesis of CMML and discuss the clinical utility of the more recently developed molecularly integrated prognostic models and their management and therapeutic implications. Finally, we provide an overview of the currently available treatment options for patients with CMML. The classification of CMML as well as our understanding of its genomic landscape and optimal treatment approaches has advanced significantly over the past decade but remains in flux.
The relative effects of forest amount, forest configuration, and urban matrix quality on forest breeding birds

Urbanization modifies landscape structure in three major ways that impact avian diversity in remnant habitat: habitat amount is reduced and habitat configuration and matrix quality are altered. The relative effects of these three components of landscape structure are relatively well-studied in agricultural landscapes, but little is known about the relative effect of urban matrix quality. We addressed this gap by investigating the relative effects of forest amount, forest configuration, and matrix quality, indicated by degree of urbanization and agriculture amount, on the diversity of three guilds of forest birds using data from 13,763 point counts from Pennsylvania, USA. Forest amount had the largest independent effect on forest bird diversity, followed by matrix quality, then forest configuration. In particular, urbanization had strong negative effects on the relative abundance and species evenness of all forest birds and the relative abundance of forest generalist birds. To our knowledge, these are the first results of the effect of urban matrix quality on forest bird relative abundance and species evenness independent of forest amount and forest configuration. Our results imply that conservation practitioners in human-modified landscapes prioritize maximizing forest amount, then reducing the effects of disturbances originating in the matrix, and then preserving large, spatially-dispersed forest patches to most effectively conserve forest birds.
Impact of environmental stressors on tolerance to hemorrhage in humans

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in military and civilian settings, and ~85% of potentially survivable battlefield deaths are hemorrhage-related. Soldiers and civilians are exposed to a numbe...
Nonsquamous cell laryngeal cancers: Incidence, demographics, care patterns, and effect of surgery.

Objectives To analyze the incidence and clinical profile of nonsquamous cell (non-SCC) laryngeal carcinomas and to analyze the effect of surgery on survival. Study design A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (2004-2014). Methods Adult patients with non-SCC laryngeal cancers were divided into six major histological subtypes. A descriptive clinical profile was obtained for non-SCC patients, and multivariate regressions were performed to analyze the effect of surgery on survival within the non-SCC cohort. Results We identified 878 cases of non-SCC laryngeal cancers, representing 1.02% of all malignant laryngeal cancers. Neuroendocrine tumors and bone/cartilage sarcomas made up the largest groups (37.02% and 32.35%, respectively). Metastasis (M) was higher in neuroendocrine tumors, representing 19.1% of those with known clinical M stages. Of those treated, the majority of patients with bone/cartilage sarcomas (80.9%) and minor salivary gland tumors (82.6%) received surgery as part of their treatment. Survival varied significantly based upon histology, with bone/cartilage sarcomas having the highest 5-year survival at 90.4%, and neuroendocrine tumors exhibiting the poorest 5-year survival at 25.7%. Multivariate analyses found surgery to be significantly associated with improved survival (hazard ratio: 0.679; 95% confidence interval: 0.472-0.976; P = 0.036). The specific surgical method (i.e., local excision vs. partial vs. total laryngectomy) did not have any effect on survival. Conclusion Approximately 1% of all malignant laryngeal cancers are non-SCC in origin. At presentation, neuroendocrine tumors have the highest rate of distant metastasis and have the worst prognosis of the non-SCC cancers. Most non-SCC patients received surgery as part of their treatment regimen. Level of evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 129:2496-2505, 2019.
PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Positron emission tomography has not traditionally played a major role in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Owing to high background liver uptake and molecular mechanisms within HCC lesions, uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is variable and prior studies have shown only modest overall detection of intrahepatic disease. Tracers such as 18F- and 11C-choline as well as 11C-acetate have been explored either in isolation or together with 18F-FDG have shown greater promise in detection of intrahepatic lesions, but yet are not in widespread clinical use. 68 Ga-Prostate specific membrane antigen is a tracer developed for use in prostate cancer but a pilot study and several case reports have indicated that there may be the potential for use in the evaluation of HCC. Increased rates of lesion detection using 18F-FDG may be seen in poorly differentiated tumors and in the setting of metastatic disease or within recurrent tumor following loco-regional therapies and FDG uptake may indicate a greater risk of recurrence following transplantation. Further work will be required to elucidate the precise role of other non FDG tracers in the evaluation of patients at risk for or with HCC.
Lupus enteritis as the only active manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report

Lupus enteritis as the only active manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Integrative genomic analysis in African American children with asthma finds three novel loci associated with lung function.

Bronchodilator (BD) drugs are commonly prescribed for treatment and management of obstructive lung function present with diseases such as asthma. Administration of BD medication can partially or fully restore lung function as measured by pulmonary function tests. The genetics of baseline lung function measures taken before BD medication have been extensively studied, and the genetics of the BD response itself have received some attention. However, few studies have focused on the genetics of post-BD lung function. To address this gap, we analyzed lung function phenotypes in 1103 subjects from the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes, and Environment, a pediatric asthma case-control cohort, using an integrative genomic analysis approach that combined genotype, locus-specific genetic ancestry, and functional annotation information. We integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with an admixture mapping scan of three pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1 ], forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV1 /FVC) taken before and after albuterol BD administration on the same subjects, yielding six traits. We identified 18 GWAS loci, and five additional loci from admixture mapping, spanning several known and novel lung function candidate genes. Most loci identified via admixture mapping exhibited wide variation in minor allele frequency across genotyped global populations. Functional fine-mapping revealed an enrichment of epigenetic annotations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fetal lung tissue, and lung fibroblasts. Our results point to three novel potential genetic drivers of pre- and post-BD lung function: ADAMTS1, RAD54B, and EGLN3.
Correlating nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry and atom probe tomography analysis of uranium enrichment in metallic nuclear fuel

Accurate measurements of 235U enrichment within metallic nuclear fuels are essential for understanding material performance in a neutron irradiation environment, and the origin of secondary phases (e.g. uranium carbides). In this work, we analyse 235U enrichment in matrix and carbide phases in low enriched uranium alloyed with 10 wt% Mo via two chemical imaging modalities-nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and atom probe tomography (APT). Results from NanoSIMS and APT are compared to understand accuracy and utility of both approaches across length scales. NanoSIMS and APT provide consistent results, with no statistically significant difference between nominal enrichment (19.95 ± 0.14 at% 235U) and that measured for metal matrix and carbide inclusions.
Flowing, not Forcing: Finding and Maintaining Authenticity as Black Women in Academia

Navigating the intersection of both race and gender can be difficult for Black women in academia, especially when they lack representation, and proper support, which forces many to "learn on the fly." This panel convenes Black women in diverse faculty positions to discuss pursuing and persisting in academic careers, including career path considerations, identifying and mitigating challenges, mentorship and networking, balancing expectations with authenticity, and making institution and/or career changes.
Large, Hormonally Active Primary Cardiac Paraganglioma: Diagnosis and Management.

We describe a 26-year-old woman presenting with chest pain and evidence of coronary ischemia. Echocardiography revealed a large left ventricular mass initially deemed unresectable at her initial institution. Investigation revealed a dopamine-secreting primary cardiac paraganglioma (PCP) encompassing vital cardiac architecture. This case discusses our heart team approach to complex cardiac masses and illustrates the feasibility of surgical resection in complex cases of hormonally active PCPs.
Exploring the Psychology of Interest

Introduction PART 1: INTEREST AND EMOTION 1. Interest as an Emotion 2. What Is Interesting? 3. Interest and Learning PART II: INTERESTS AND PERSONALITY 4. Interest, Personality and Individual Differences 5. Interests and Motivational Development 6. How Do Interests Develop? Bridging Emotion and Personality 7. Interests and Vocations 8. Comparing Models of Interest 9. Conclusion: Looking Back, Looking Ahead
The n-particle picture and the calculation of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and solids

The works referred to above indicate the usefulness of viewing an N-particle system from a higher-dimensional perspective. In doing so, one should attempt to strike a balance between conceptual clarity and computational efficiency, which mitigates against considering calculations in 3n-dimensional space except for rather small values of n. It appears that such a procedure may be profitably employed if a system of N particles were to be considered as consisting of a collection of units or sets, (I{sub k}), each containing n{sub k} particles so that {Sigma}{sub k} n{sub k} = N. The resulting problem associated with these sets of particles that interact with one another is obviously formally identical to the original one. However, it possesses the formal advantage of allowing, in principle, the systematic approach to an exact solution by treating the entire system as a single unit. The operative words here are in principle, as practical applications do not seem to be possible but for the smallest number of particles in a unit, say n = 2 or n = 3. However, in such an implementation, the interparticle correlation is treated directly and explicitly within a unit, resulting in a more accurate treatment of the system the larger the number of particle in a unit.
The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in retrospect

For 50 years, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), have conducted epidemiological and genetic studies of the survivors of the atomic bombs and of their children. This research program has provided the primary basis for radiation health standards. Both ABCC (1947–1975) and RERF (1975 to date) have been a joint enterprise of the United States (through the National Academy of Sciences) and of Japan. ABCC began in devastated, occupied Japan. Its mission had to be defined and refined. Early research revealed the urgent need for long term study. In 1946, a Directive of President Truman enjoined the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences to develop the program. By 1950, ABCC staff exceeded 1,000, and clinical and genetic studies were underway. Budgetary difficulties and other problems almost forced closure in 1953. In 1955, the Francis Report led to a unified epidemiological study. Much progress was made in the next decade, but changing times required founding of a binational nonprofit organization (RERF) with equal participation by Japan and the United States. New programs have been developed and existing ones have been extended in what is the longest continuing health survey ever undertaken.
Controlled comparison of bioMérieux VITAL and BACTEC NR-660 systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients.

The bioMerieux VITAL automated blood culture system measures a decrease in fluorescence to detect the presence of microorganisms in blood. To assess the performance of VITAL with AER aerobic medium versus that of the nonradiometric BACTEC NR-660 PEDS PLUS medium for the detection of sepsis in children, a total of 12,146 blood specimens were collected at three university medical centers and inoculated into AER and PEDS PLUS bottles that were weighed before and after filling. The sample volumes were considered adequate in 6,276 bottle pairs. The total yield of isolates was 629, of which 489 (78%) were judged to be the cause of true infections. Staphylococci (P
Epidemiology and Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated With Children With Short Bowel Syndrome in the United States.

BACKGROUND There is a lack of large database research relating to the epidemiology and health resource utilization associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS) in the United States. METHODS We analyzed the Kids' Inpatient Database for the year 2012 and utilized International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes to identify patients 0-3 years of age with SBS, who were matched by age and sex to children without SBS. The study variables included patient and hospital demographics, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization costs. We also determined the most frequent ICD-9-CM diagnostic and procedural codes associated with SBS. RESULTS Children with SBS demonstrated a higher rate of mortality than that of children without SBS (1.6% vs 0.7%; P < .001). Children with SBS also experienced a longer length of stay (median days [interquartile range]: 8 [15] vs 2 [3]; P < .001) and higher hospital costs ($17,000 [$34,000] vs $3000 [$5000]; P < .001). The most frequent medical diagnoses associated with SBS were infection (62%), anemia (29%), and liver disease (17%). Children with SBS also demonstrated more severe illness as assessed by an All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group score of 3 or 4 (94.30% vs 16.20%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Children hospitalized with SBS have a high severity of illness and experience complicated inpatient courses related to their disease. Our study represents the first use of national U.S. data to study the epidemiology and health resource utilization associated with SBS.
Shareholder Rights and Employment

In this paper I hypothesize and find that both shareholder rights and debt have significant effects on firm-employee relationships. I find that, consistent with ineffective resource management, firms with weaker governance have more employees per assets and are more likely to hire due to sales growth. I use changes in investment in capital and R&D to rule out that this result is due entirely to the propensity of poorly governed firms to overinvest. Furthermore, this study shows that while weak shareholder rights are associated with lower labor productivity, higher debt is also associated with lower labor productivity. Finally, I show that higher labor productivity is associated with higher wages, and that firms with weak shareholder rights pay more for this productivity. These results are consistent with the theory that debt discipline and shareholder monitoring, although both forms of corporate governance, are subject to the differing incentives of debt and equity investors.
Induction of Cellular Deoxyribonuleic Acid Synthesis by Simian Virus 40

The incorporation of 3 H-thymidine ( 3 H-dT) into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied in uninfected confluent monolayer cultures of monkey kidney and mouse kidney cells, simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected cells, and in SV40-transformed mouse kidney cells. Radioautographic measurements revealed that during the period from 28 to 51 hr after productive SV40 infection of monkey kidney cultures about 80% of the cells synthesized DNA, compared to about 16% in uninfected cultures. At 28 to 43 hr after abortive SV40 infection of mouse kidney cultures, 24 to 37% of the cells synthesized DNA, compared to about 6 to 8% in uninfected cultures. The infected monkey kidney and mouse kidney cultures, respectively, incorporated about 5 to 10 times and 3 to 5 times as much 3 H-dT into DNA as did uninfected cultures. Moreover, the net DNA synthesized by SV40-infected monkey kidney cultures, estimated by colorimetric methods, substantially exceeded that of uninfected cultures. Nitrocellulose chromatography and band centrifugation experiments were performed to elucidate the kinds of DNA synthesized in the cultures. In uninfected monkey kidney cultures and at 2 to 12 hr after SV40 infection, almost all of the 3 H-dT labeled DNA sedimented more rapidly than SV40 DNA, and the radioactive DNA was denatured by heating for 12 min at 100 C (cellular DNA). Almost all of the labeled DNA obtained from abortively infected mouse kidney cultures and from SV40-transformed cells also had the properties of cellular DNA. However, approximately one-third to one-half of the labeled DNA obtained from monkey kidney cultures 28 to 51 hr after infection sedimented more slowly than cellular DNA and was not denatured by the heating (SV40 DNA). It is concluded that cellular DNA synthesis was induced during either the productive or abortive SV40 infections.
Statistical Characteristics of Ground‐Water Quality Variables

The emerging problem of contamination of ground-water resources has created a need for information which can be supplied by properly designed ground-water quality monitoring programs. The effective design of monitoring programs and the subsequent utilization of data obtained depends upon an understanding of the general statistical characteristics of ground-water quality variables. In order to provide some background information on these characteristics, a synthesis of current literature and a statistical analysis of existing ground-water quality data were conducted. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to determine whether ground-water quality variables: (1) are normally distributed, (2) exhibit seasonal patterns, and (3) are correlated in time. The results of the investigation suggest that many ground-water quality variables: are not normally distributed, but have skewed right distributions; can exhibit seasonal fluctuations of various shapes and magnitudes, especially in shallow or highly permeable aquifers; and can exhibit significant serial correlation when samples are collected quarterly.