cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colonic-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Base of the Tongue: A Case Report of a Rare Neoplasm

Lingual adenocarcinomas (ADC), either primary or metastatic to the tongue are extraordinarily rare neoplasms. Primary lingual adenocarcinomas are primarily of minor salivary gland origin. Two cases of primary colonic-type adenocarcinomas of the base of the tongue were recently reported for the first time in the English literature. We present an additional case of lingual intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with mucinous features that occurred in association with cervical node metastasis and discuss the clinicopathologic features and histogenetic aspects of this rare entity.
Sorption isotherms of mobile phase components in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Tracer pulse chromatography-mass spectrometry (TPC-MS) was used to study the sorption isotherms of carbon dioxide with a bonded and cross-linked SE-54 stationary phase in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography. These data were compared and contrasted with previously reported absorption isotherm studies for 2-propanol in 2-propanol-CO2 binary solvents using TPC-MS. Isotherms were determined as a function of density (pressure) and temperature. Results for CO2 demonstrate an initial increase in the surface excess isotherm with increasing pressure, a maximum being reached, followed by a decrease in the amount adsorbed with further increases in pressure.
Hepatic resection for the carcinoid syndrome in patients with severe carcinoid heart disease: does valve replacement permit safe hepatic resection?

Background Hepatic resection of metastatic carcinoid cancer can prolong survival and control symptomatic endocrinopathy. Decompensated carcinoid heart disease (CHD) can develop in some patients with metastatic carcinoid cancers, which can preclude operation for resectable hepatic metastases. We hypothesized that outcomes after hepatic resection for patients with the carcinoid syndrome after valve replacement for CHD would be similar to carcinoid patients without CHD. Study Design We compared the survival and symptom control after hepatic resection for patients undergoing valve replacement for CHD to carcinoid patients without CHD matched for age, sex, and extent of hepatectomy. Results Fourteen patients with earlier valve replacement for CHD were compared with 28 carcinoid patients without CHD. All patients had hepatic resection for metastatic carcinoid disease and carcinoid syndrome. Mean age, sex distribution, and extent of hepatectomy (major hepatectomy, 78%) was similar between groups. Mean interval from valve replacement to hepatectomy was 101 days. There was no operative mortality. Major operative morbidity, inclusive of operative blood loss and cardiorespiratory events, occurred in 28.5% and 14.2% for CHD and non-CHD groups, respectively (p = 0.16). Symptom-free survival for CHD and non-CHD groups was 69% and 81% at 1 year (p = 0.22) and 61% and 44% (p = 0.17) at 5 years, respectively. Octreotide-free survival after hepatectomy 69% and 84% (p = 0.15) at 1 year and 62% and 52% (p = 0.29) 5 years, respectively. Overall survival CHD and non-CHD groups 100% at 1 year and 100% and 70% (p = 0.002) 5 years. Conclusions Valve replacement for severe CHD is safe and hepatic resection is associated with similar outcomes as patients without CHD undergoing hepatic resection for carcinoid syndrome. Identifying resectable hepatic metastases from carcinoids in patients with severe CHD should prompt valve replacement and interval hepatic resection.
Norepinephrine induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and downregulation of norepinephrine transporter density in PC12 cells via oxidative stress

Cardiac norepinephrine (NE) uptake is reduced in cardiomyopathy. This change is associated with a decrease of NE transporter (NET) receptor and can be reproduced in PC12 cells by extracellular NE. ...
Stinging insect allergy: detection and clinical significance of venom IgE antibodies.

Abstract Venom-specific IgE antibodies in 109 sera from patients who had had immediate systemic allergic reactions following insect stings were measured by the radio-allergosorbent (RAST) procedure. The majority of sera contained IgE antibodies to either bee, yellow jacket, or hornet venoms. Some sera had positive RAST reactions with 2 or 3 venoms, but others contained single venom-specific IgE antibodies. Of 24 patients who had large local reactions, the sera of 12 contained venom IgE antibodies. The RAST procedure provides an accurate means of documenting IgE-mediated allergic sensitivity to stinging insects.
Ictal Contralateral Paresis in Complex Partial Seizures

Certain behaviors that occur during a complex partial seizure (CPS) are useful in lateralizing the side of seizure onset. In 5 (5.3%) of 94 consecutive patients with partial epilepsy, we observed ictal unilateral arm and hand paresis during 27 of 34 CPS. In all these seizures, this behavior occurred contralateral to an epileptogenic temporal lobe, as determined by video-EEG monitoring and surgical outcome. In 5 of the 27 seizures, an observer demonstrated that the paretic arm and hand were flaccid. None of these patients had postictal (Todd's) paralysis. In most of the seizures, the arm ipsilateral to seizure onset had simultaneous purposeful movements or automatisms, sometimes with awkward posturing. Ictal unilateral paresis is distinctly different from ictal dystonia or postictal paralysis and consistently lateralizes seizure onset to the contralateral temporal lobe. Recognition of this particular ictal behavior and comparison to other simultaneous behaviors can aid in the lateralization and possibly localization of the epileptogenic zone.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Rectal Infections

It is uncertain which methods for the diagnosis of rectal gonococcal and chlamydial infection are optimal. This study evaluated the performance of culture and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for rectal chlamydial and gonococcal diagnosis. From July 2003 until February 2007, 441 rectal test sets were collected from individuals attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic and three HIV clinics who gave a history of anal intercourse or were women at high risk for Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Rectal swab specimens were tested using culture and commercial NAATs employing transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and PCR amplification. Test performance was evaluated using a rotating standard by which patients were classified as infected if either two or three comparator tests were positive. Test sensitivities for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae ranged from 66.7% to 71.9% for culture to 100% for TMA. Specificities were 99.7% to 100% for culture and greater than 95.5% for all three NAATs. Test sensitivities for C. trachomatis ranged from 36.1% to 45.7% for culture and among NAATS from 91.4% to 95.8% for PCR to 100% for TMA. Specificities of the NAATs ranged from 95.6% to 98.5% (two-of-three standard) and from 88.8% to 91.8% (three-of-three standard). Over 60% and 80% of gonococcal and chlamydial infections, respectively, among men who have sex with men and over 20% of chlamydial infections in women would have been missed if the rectal site had not been tested. Currently available NAATs are more sensitive for the detection of chlamydial and gonococcal infection at the rectal site than is culture.
High-Dose Methotrexate in Osteosarcoma: Let the Questions Surcease—Time for Final Acceptance

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting children and adults. The etiology is unknown, although a higher incidence occurs in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma, Paget’s disease of bone, the Li Fraumeni syndrome, and those who have received therapeutic radiation. The biologic behavior is consistent with the premise that silent pulmonary micrometastases are present in at least 80% of patients at diagnosis. These metastases are not visible on imaging studies, but in the absence of effective systemic therapy, they generally surface 6 to 9 months after surgical ablation of the primary tumor. If untreated, they will be responsible for the patients demise within 2 to 3 years of their appearance. Historical controls reveal a survival of 5% to 20%. There are currently four major classes of chemotherapeutic agents with established efficacy that are used in the therapy of this malignancy: doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide/high-dose cyclophosphamide, and high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (MTXL). Doxorubicin and MTX-L were discovered first in the early 1970s. Doxorubicin, and the other agents when discovered later, were accepted without query; not so for MTX-L. It was initially subjected to intense scrutiny, 1,2 rebuffed intermittently, 3 and later incorporated with variable degrees of indifference or enthusiasm into therapeutic regimens seemingly for want of a more effective agent. During this interminable period of probation (still extant 4 ), support for its efficacy and confirmation of its activity emanated from various publications. It was shown to be effective in eliminating overt pulmonary metastases, improving the opportunity for limb salvage, healing pathologic fractures, and enhancing the effect of radiation therapy for palliation and control of inoperable tumors. 5 When administered postoperatively as the sole agent after ablation of the primary tumor, it increased survival to 40%, 6 and in combination with other agents (pre- and postoperative therapy), it increased survival to 65% to 75%. 6-12
E proteins regulate osteoclast maturation and survival

Osteoclasts are bone-specific polykaryons derived from myeloid precursors under the stimulation of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). E proteins are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that modulate lymphoid versus myeloid cell fate decisions. To study the role of E proteins in osteoclasts, myeloid-specific E protein gain-of-function transgenic mice were generated. These mice have high bone mass due to decreased osteoclast numbers and increased osteoclast apoptosis leading to overall reductions in resorptive capacity. The molecular mechanism of decreased osteoclast numbers and resorption is in part a result of elevated expression of CD38, a regulator of intracellular calcium pools with known antiosteoclastogenic properties, which increases sensitivity to apoptosis. In vivo, exogenous RANKL stimulation can overcome this inhibition to drive osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. In vitro-derived ET2 osteoclasts are more spread and more numerous with increases in RANK, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) compared to wild type. However, their resorptive capacity does not increase accordingly. Thus, E proteins participate in osteoclast maturation and survival in homeostatic bone remodeling.
A receding horizon optimal control approach to active state and parameter estimation in automotive systems

A receding horizon optimal control approach is proposed to control a system in such a way as to best estimate on-line its states and parameters, without significantly degrading tracking performance or violating pointwise-in-time constraints. Several automotive examples are considered to illustrate the potential of the approach. They include: vehicle mass and road grade estimation, engine wall-wetting parameter estimation, engine mapping, and estimation of the position and velocity of a moving vehicle from angle-only (passive) measurements by another vehicle.
hARACNe: improving the accuracy of regulatory model reverse engineering via higher-order data processing inequality tests

A key goal of systems biology is to elucidate molecular mechanisms associated with physiologic and pathologic phenotypes based on the systematic and genome-wide understanding of cell context-specific molecular interaction models. To this end, reverse engineering approaches have been used to systematically dissect regulatory interactions in a specific tissue, based on the availability of large molecular profile datasets, thus improving our mechanistic understanding of complex diseases, such as cancer. In this paper, we introduce high-order Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Network (hARACNe), an extension of the ARACNe algorithm for the dissection of transcriptional regulatory networks. ARACNe uses the data processing inequality (DPI), from information theory, to detect and prune indirect interactions that are unlikely to be mediated by an actual physical interaction. Whereas ARACNe considers only first-order indirect interactions, i.e. those mediated by only one extra regulator, hARACNe considers a generalized form of indirect interactions via two, three or more other regulators. We show that use of higher-order DPI resulted in significantly improved performance, based on transcription factor (TF)-specific ChIP-chip data, as well as on gene expression profile following RNAi-mediated TF silencing.
Empire, droits et citoyenneté, de 212 à 1946

En 1946, alors que l’Assemblee nationale constituante francaise debattait des articles relatifs a la nouvelle Constitution de l’empire francais outre-mer, un depute evoqua le precedent de l’empereur romain Caracalla, qui avait accorde la citoyennete romaine a tous les hommes libres de l’empire en 212 de notre ere. Cet exemple prouvait qu’il etait possible d’etre citoyen d’un empire sans pour autant renoncer aux « civilisations locales ». Les auteurs etudient les differentes significations de la citoyennete et des droits au sein des empires, en s’appuyant sur deux modeles distincts – un modele romain et un modele eurasien – et en s’attachant a differents exemples en Russie imperiale, en URSS, et dans la France du XXe siecle. L’etude va au-dela de l’association communement etablie entre citoyennete et Etat-nation, et entre droits et democratie. La construction et le maintien d’un empire supposaient d’integrer des peuples divers au sein d’une unite politique, tout en maintenant des elements de distinction et de hierarchie. Le fait qu’une republique du XXe siecle puisse evoquer un precedent remontant a l’epoque classique montre a quel point l’imaginaire et les structures imperiales ont garde leur importance. Cet article plaide en faveur de la reconnaissance de la vaste palette de modalites selon laquelle l’appartenance politique, la difference culturelle et les droits peuvent etre analyses, envisages et compris.
Helping Behaviors in the Natural Environment: Dimensions and Correlates of Helping

The two studies reported here begin a research program designed to augment evolutionary theories of helping behavior by adding cognitive, affective, and social processes, but the issues addressed are relevant to many other approaches. Participants in the first study described incidents of helping actually experienced in systematically varied circumstances. The incidents reported were sorted into 72 homogeneous categories, and in a second study participants rated each of the 72 types of helping behaviors on 22 wide-ranging characteristics (antecedents, consequences, etc.). Factor analysis of the 72 behaviors yielded four well defined factors: Casual, Substantial Personal, Emotional, and Emerging Helping. Factor analysis of the 22 judgmental scales yielded three factors: perceived Benefits, Frequency, and Costs of helping. The two factorial solutions have theoretical relevance and identify an economically few helping behaviors and perceptual dimensions that represent a broad range of actually experienced he...
3D Motion Tracking Based on Probabilistic Volumetric Reconstruction and Optical Flow

This paper proposes a method for motion tracking of objects without a pre-defined shape, the main aspect of this method is the use of a probabilistic volumetric reconstruction that incorporates motion information. First, a volumetric reconstruction of the objects of interest is obtained by the 3D Probabilistic Occupancy Grid method, which was recently proposed for to be applied in environments sensed by multiple cameras. Then, we originally propose to add Optical Flow information to this reconstruction. Next, a method similar to the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is used to identify and track the body parts of objects of interest. It was noted that the proposed information of velocity vector fields are a good option to improve the perception of motion in 3D reconstruction, providing the best results in the tracking.
Resistivity and Carrier Mobilities in Heavily Doped Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films

Electrical conduction data from heavily n and p-doped polysilicon thin films are presented. The sheet resistance in the range from 1 kΩ/☐ to 100 Ω/☐ is characterized over temperatures from 20°K to 450°K. It is shown that the polysilicon resistivity, larger than the corresponding crystalline value by a factor ~ 10 in the same doping range, is temperature insensitive. This larger resistivity is correlated to the degree of dopant activation and the mobility. The measured mobility varying from 8 to 20 cm2/V•s is smaller than the corresponding crystalline value by a factor 10 ~ 3.
Can abortive early homologous associations promote increased crossing-over in an adjacent rearranged segment?

Meiotic pairing behavior of rearranged chromosome segments is compared across an informative series of combinations. The question is raised whether the simplest explanation for some peculiar findin...
CAN QUARKS BE KEPT INSIDE HADRONS.

A self-consistent dynamical mechanism is suggested which appears to be compatible with conventional ideas about relativistic field theory, and which prevents the appearance of the quanta of the field in outgoing or incoming scattering states. A model calculation is provided which illustrates the mechanism. The model produces a spectrum of conventional hadron states which corresponds to an infinitely rising Regge trajectory. All states are physical. When SU(3) internal quantum numbers are included, it is argued that the mechanism is stable only if the physical states have zero triality.
Impact of State Public Health Spending on Disease Incidence in the United States from 1980 to 2009.

Objective To understand the relationship between state-level spending by public health departments and the incidence of three vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs): mumps, pertussis, and rubella in the United States from 1980 to 2009. Data Sources This study uses state-level public health spending data from The Census Bureau and annual mumps, pertussis, and rubella incidence counts from the University of Pittsburgh's project Tycho. Study Design Ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects, and random effects regression models were tested, with results indicating that a fixed effects model would be most appropriate model for this analysis. Principal Findings Model output suggests a statistically significant, negative relationship between public health spending and mumps and rubella incidence. Lagging outcome variables indicate that public health spending actually has the greatest impact on VPD incidence in subsequent years, rather than the year in which the spending occurred. Results were robust to models with lagged spending variables, national time trends, and state time trends, as well as models with and without Medicaid and hospital spending. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that there is evidence of a significant, negative relationship between a state's public health spending and the incidence of two VPDs, mumps and rubella, in the United States.
Neonatal megaloblastic anemia due to inherited transcobalamin II deficiency in two siblings.

Abstract Two infants presented at three and five weeks of age with megaloblastic anemia and systemic manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency in spite of normal levels of serum vitamin B12. A defic...
The Development of Intramural Athletics for College Women

(1927). The Development of Intramural Athletics for College Women. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 491-496.
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Cubic Boron Nitride Grown Epitaxially on Silicon

We report the growth of boron nitride films on (001), (110), and (111) faces of silicon using the method of pulsed excimer laser ablation. The structure of the Alms grown on the (001) and (110) orientations of Si is cubic zincblende with a lattice constant of 3.619 A. The films were found to be heteroepitaxial on silicon (001) with the cubic BN (100) axes parallel to Si (100), as characterized by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In that system, we find evidence for an unusual 3:2 commensurate lattice matching. The films appear to cubic but randomly oriented on the Si (110), and no evidence for crystallinity is found for films grown on Si (111).
Operation and Maintenance Considerations for Highway Runoff Treatment Ponds in Northern Climates

Two wet ponds built to detain and treat highway runoff were investigated to determine dredging maintenance schedules in Washington state. Each pond was located in a different climate, one with few significant snow events, the other with many major snow events. Results showed that the pond in the heavy snow climate required a more frequent dredging schedule due to application and subsequent runoff of sand and gravel. It was recommended that ponds in northern climates receiving large snow events be dredged every 2-3 years, as compared to the frequently stated 5-10 years suggestion.
Knockout of the BK β4-subunit promotes a functional coupling of BK channels and ryanodine receptors that mediate a fAHP-induced increase in excitability

BK channels are large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels with diverse properties. Knockout of the accessory BK β4-subunit in hippocampus dentate gyrus granule neurons causes BK channels to change properties from slow-gated type II channels to fast-gated type I channels that sharpen the action potential, increase the fast afterhyperpolarization (fAHP) amplitude, and increase spike frequency. Here we studied the calcium channels that contribute to fast-gated BK channel activation and increased excitability of β4 knockout neurons. By using pharmacological blockers during current-clamp recording, we find that BK channel activation during the fAHP is dependent on ryanodine receptor activation. In contrast, L-type calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) affects the BK channel-dependent repolarization phase of the action potential but has no effect on the fAHP. Reducing BK channel activation during the repolarization phase with nifedipine, or during the fAHP with ryanodine, indicated that it is the BK-mediated increase of the fAHP that confers proexcitatory effects. The proexcitatory role of the fAHP was corroborated using dynamic current clamp. Increase or decrease of the fAHP amplitude during spiking revealed an inverse relationship between fAHP amplitude and interspike interval. Finally, we show that the seizure-prone ryanodine receptor gain-of-function (R2474S) knockin mice have an unaltered repolarization phase but larger fAHP and increased AP frequency compared with their control littermates. In summary, these results indicate that an important role of the β4-subunit is to reduce ryanodine receptor-BK channel functional coupling during the fAHP component of the action potential, thereby decreasing excitability of dentate gyrus neurons.
Investigation on Skin Malassezia Bacteria Carriers and Strains in Infants

Objective To identify skin malassezia bacteria carriers,strain constitution,and influencing factors in 1~6-month-old infants.Methods Using the tape method,adhibit squama and dandruff from skin in the forehead of 1~6-month-old infants,inoculate rapeseed oil-containing culture media to incubate and separate malassezia bacteria,and identify strains by physiological,biochemical,and morphological methods.Results(1)Malassezia bacteria were obtained from skin samples of 54 among 76 infants,with a culture positive rate of 72%.(2) 56 Strains of malassezia were separated in total,mainly including Malassezia furfur,Malassezia globosa,and Malassezia symnpodialis.(3) The strains were grouped by month age,gender,and delivery mode.It was concluded that there were no statistically significant differences of skin malassezia positive rates and strain constitution ratios among infants with different month ages and genders.There was no statistically significant difference of malassezia positive rates among infants of different delivery modes;however,there was statistically significant difference of malassezia strain constitution ratios among infants of different delivery modes.Conclusion Malassesia are resident bacteria in the skin of infants.The skin malassezia bacteria in infants mainly include malassezia furfur,malassezia globosa,and malassezia symnpodialis.The skin malassezia positive rates in infants are not influenced by month age,gender,or delivery mode,etc.The skin malassezia strain constitution is not influenced by month age or gender.
Ultra-wideband tightly coupled array with resistive frequency selective surface

In order to solve the problem that impedance bandwidth of tightly coupled array(TCA)was greatly affected by ground plane,a multilayer TCA was designed with a resistive frequency selective surface(RFSS),the influence of sheet resistivity and mutual coupling to impedance bandwidth was analyzed,the performance of TCA with and without scaning was simulated.Results indicate that impedance bandwidth of this TCA is greatly improved by inserting a split ring resonator RFSS between array and ground plane,which minishes ground plane reflection and suppresses short circuited frequency.The radiation performance is stable during whole impedance bandwidth and the gain of this TCA is decreased due to the loss of RFSS.This multilayer TCA has characteristic of broad bandwidth,low profile and easily conformal installation,which can be applied to small ultra-wideband phased antenna array system.
Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate

Abstract: Pyruvate occupies a unique position at a major crossroad of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Heart muscle removes lactate from the circulation during exercise. Primary functions for alanine are incorporation into protein and participation in transamination. Cytoplasmic malate and malic enzyme are a source of NADPH for lipogenesis, as well as a source of pyruvate. Acetyl-CoA, and increases in mitochondrial ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+ ratios inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase. A dietary deficiency of thiamin or niacin will reduce pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and a biotin or Zn++ deficiency will reduce pyruvate carboxylase activity.
Universal soldiers or parochial actors: Understanding jihadists as products of their environments

ABSTRACTWhy did the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and Jabhat al-Nusra (JN)—two groups that shared similar ideological preferences and were both initially part of the Al Qaeda network—take different paths in the Syrian conflict? Part of the answer lies in the fact that JN is primarily a Syrian organization, whereas Iraqis lead ISIS. A jihadist group’s relationship to its country of origin and domicile (the two are not always the same) helps to explain that organization’s ideological preferences and alliance behavior. Yet no method of categorization based on jihadist-state relations exists. I fill this gap by theorizing an explanatory typology based on a jihadist group’s relationship with its country of origin and/or domicile. This typology consists of two tiers. The first classifies jihadist organizations based on whether they are nationally homogeneous or heterogeneous, and whether they are based in their country of origin, exile, or multiple locations. The second tier categorizes groups based ...
The Effect of Radical Prostatectomy on Sexual Function

Erectile dysfunction is the most common sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. The true prevalence is hard to determine due to variability in the methodology of outcome studies. The pathophysiology is based on several mechanisms that begin after surgery and lead to irreversible damage. There are other non-ED sexual dysfunctions which often receive less attention but still cause significant patient and partner bother. These sexual dysfunctions are often related to orgasm including changes in orgasm intensity, sexual incontinence, and dysorgasmia.
The impact of femoral arterial thrombosis in paediatric cardiac catheterisation: a national study

BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified risk factors for femoral arterial thrombosis after paediatric cardiac catheterisation, but none of them have evaluated the clinical and economic significance of this complication at the population level. Therefore, we examined the national prevalence and economic impact of femoral arterial thrombosis after cardiac catheterisation in children. METHODS Patients⩽18 years of age who underwent cardiac catheterisation were identified in the 2003-2009 Kids' Inpatient Database. Patients were stratified by age as follows: <1 year of age or 1-18 years of age. The primary outcome was arterial thrombosis of the lower extremity during the same hospitalisation as cardiac catheterisation. Propensity score matching was used to determine the impact of femoral arterial thrombosis on hospital length of stay, cost, and mortality. RESULTS Among the 11,497 paediatric cardiac catheterisations identified, 4558 catheterisations (39.6%) were performed in children <1 year of age. This age group experienced a higher prevalence of reported femoral arterial thrombosis, compared with children aged 1-18 years (1.3 versus 0.3%, p<0.001). After matching, femoral arterial thrombosis in children <1 year of age was associated with similar mortality (5.4 versus 1.8%, p=0.28), length of stay (8 versus 5 days, p=0.11), and total hospital cost ($27,135 versus $28,311, p=0.61), compared with absence of thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Femoral arterial thrombosis is especially prevalent in children <1 year of age undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring femoral arterial patency in neonates and infants after cardiac catheterisation.
Geochemical constraints on mantle-melt sources for Oligocene to Pleistocene mafic rocks in the Four Corners region, USA

Small masses of intraplate mafic plutonic and volcanic rocks are exposed in the Navajo volcanic field (26–24 Ma), Dulce dike swarm (25–20 Ma), and western San Juan Mountains (7–0.6 Ma) along the eastern boundary of the Colorado Plateau. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks were employed to assess the time-space variations in melt compositions and to investigate the contributions from different mantle and crustal sources during magma production. Geochemical data signify that post–26 Ma mantle melts produced in the Four Corners region were heterogeneous in composition, dominantly alkaline, and distinguished by trace-element patterns with elevated LILE and LREE. These magmas were generated by melting of metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with minor contributions from a mantle source that produced melts with geochemical affinities of oceanic island basalts. Nd and Sr isotopic data reveal that some melts could have experienced minor contamination (<1%) with upper crust, whereas the Dulce magmas formed by con­tamination of mantle melts with up to 40% lower crust or melting of SCLM with low time-integrated Sm/Nd. Relative to minettes in the Navajo volcanic field, mafic rocks in the western San Juan Mountains have similar Nd and Sr isotopic compositions but are lower in some chemical values (Mg#, K2O, Rb, Zr, La/Lu, La/Ta, and Th/Yb) and higher in others (Al2O3, Na2O, and CaO). We postulate that these different chemical traits are evidence of heterogeneity in the lithospheric mantle. Voluminous magma production involving mantle melts from 35 to 26 Ma could have modified the chemistry of the lithospheric ­mantle beneath the western San Juan Mountains. Alternatively, this region may be underlain by SCLM with distinct chemical attributes imparted by subduction processes during Proterozoic arc accretion. Our work provides a snapshot of broader regional trends wherein heterogeneity in mantle reservoirs was a ­major contributor to the variable compositions of mafic alkaline rocks produced over the Colorado Plateau and adjacent Southern Rocky Mountains after 26 Ma.
The period effect in the prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, gross proteinuria, and peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal cohort study.

Aims To investigate whether, for a specific duration of type 1 diabetes, there is a significant change in the prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, gross proteinuria and peripheral neuropathy in those more recently diagnosed with diabetes (a period effect), in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Where present, to determine how common risk factors for diabetic complications might be associated with it, and what might be driving it. Materials and methods Longitudinal cohort study with seven examination phases between 1980 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regression models and ordinal parameterization were used to test for and evaluate any period effect. Results There is a period effect in the prevalence of gross proteinuria and peripheral neuropathy (decreasing), as seen with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p < 0.001). Adjusting for changing levels of common risk factors attenuates the period effect, particularly for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. For gross proteinuria and peripheral neuropathy, however there is a persistent period effect in spite of adjusting for the major risk factors. Conclusions There are period effects in the prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, gross proteinuria and peripheral neuropathy that cannot be fully explained by changes in common risk factors for complications of type 1 diabetes in this cohort. The role of other potential confounders warrants further exploration.
Abstract MIP-058: YAP, VIA INTERACTIONS WITH THE FGF SIGNALING PATHWAY, REGULATES TUMORIGENESIS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE SECRETORY EPITHELIAL CELLS

INTRODUCTION: Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) originates from Fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs). Our recent studies indicated that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway contributes to transformation of ovarian surface epithelial cells. However, whether this pathway is also involved in the initiation and progression of FTSEC-derived ovarian HGSC has not been examined. AIMS: The present study aims to determine whether the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway plays a role in initiation and progression of Fallopian tube-derived HGSC and the potential mechanism(s) by which YAP regulates FTSEC tumorigenesis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that YAP expression was very low in normal human fallopian tube and ovarian tissues. However, YAP immunosignals significantly increased in ovarian HGSCs, cancerous and inflammatory fallopian tube tissues. Data extracted from multidimensional human cancer genomics datasets revealed that the YAP and TEADs (the major target transcription factors of YAP) genes are frequently amplified and/or up-regulated, while the upstream tumor suppressor genes such as NF1 and LATS1, are frequently deleted and/or mutated in ovarian HGSC tissues. Overexpression of YAP in immortalized non-tumorigenic FTSECs promoted cell proliferation in both 2D and 3D culture systems, induced colony formation in soft agar, and drove tumorigenesis in athymic nude mice. Pathohistological and biochemical analyses clearly indicated that tumors derived from the FTSECs resembled ovarian HGSC. In addition, our mechanistic studies showed that activation of YAP in human FTSECs upregulated the expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGF1, FGF2) and their receptors (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4). Intriguingly, we found that the activated FGF signaling in turn suppressed the Hippo pathway and activated YAP protein. Consistent with this result, treatment of FTSECs with YAP antagonist (Verteporfin) and/or FGFR inhibitor (BGI398) not only blocked YAP-induced FTSECs transformation, but also suppressed tumor cell growth and induced tumor cell death in a human HGSC xenograft model. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the disruption of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway contributes to the carcinogenesis of the fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells. The Hippo/YAP and FGF signaling pathways formed an autocrine/paracrine positive feedback loop to drive the progression of the FTSECs-derived HGSC. Evidence in this study strongly suggests that combined targeting of YAP and FGFRs represents a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian HGSCs. Citation Format: Chunbo He, Guohua Hua, Xiangmin Lv, Zhengfeng Wang, Ronny I. Drapkin, John S. Davis, Cheng Wang. YAP, VIA INTERACTIONS WITH THE FGF SIGNALING PATHWAY, REGULATES TUMORIGENESIS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE SECRETORY EPITHELIAL CELLS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr MIP-058.
CSF Neurofilament Light Chain Levels as a Biomarker for Pediatric Demyelinating Diseases (P5.349)

Objective: To determine whether CSF neurofilament light chain levels can be used to differentiate pediatric demyelinating diseases. Background: Neurofilaments are the major components of axonoskeletal proteins and consist of three kinds of chain that differ in size: a neurofilament light chain (NfL), a neurofilament intermediate chain (NfM), and a neurofilament heavy chain (NfH). The NfL has been shown to reflect acute axonal damage mediated by inflammatory mechanisms. As the degree of axonal injury and inflammation is variable among different demyelinating diseases, we hypothesize that NfL levels may be able to differentiate between clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: CSF of 9 children presenting with acute CNS demyelination were analyzed for NfL at the onset of demyelination. These children were prospectively followed up for the duration of 2 to 8 years. For the controls, we collected CSF from 4 children with Non inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND) Results: Four children were diagnosed with CIS, 3 with MS, 2 with ADEM. Children with ADEM have the highest level of NfL (at least 20 times more than MS). Children with MS have significantly higher level of NfL compared to CIS and NIND. (p=0.0346, Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test/Kruskal-Wallis Test). We used ELISA method to quantitatively measure NfL levels in CSF. Conclusion: NfL levels may help in the differential diagnosis of CNS demyelinating diseases. Disclosure: Dr. Mar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Piccio has nothing to disclose.
Studies on the tryptophan residues in porcine pepsin.

Abstract The selectivity of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide for tryptophan, as demonstrated by Koshland and his coworkers, has been used to study some of the properties of the residues of this amino acid in pepsin. The aromaticity and absorbance of the alkylated tryptophan facilitate the isolation of peptides containing the modified residues. Pepsin freshly prepared from pepsinogen was reduced, carboxymethylated, and treated with 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl bromide. The total incorporation of reagent corresponded to 4 residues of tryptophan per molecule. Hydrolysis of pepsin with alkali or with enzymes, followed by ion exchange chromatography, gave the same result. Reduced and carboxymethylated pepsinogen, when treated with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, also was found to contain 4 tryptophan residues per molecule. The zymogen derivative was hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin and a group separation of peptides was made by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. Each of four groups containing alkylated tryptophan residues was further hydrolyzed by thermolysin. The mixtures of small peptides were fractionated on columns of Sephadex G-25 and G-15. The peptides containing alkylated tryptophan were retarded by adsorption on the gel and their elution could be followed by measurement of the color of the hydroxynitrobenzyl group. The amino acid compositions and sequences of all of the peptides isolated were consistent with the presence of the following four sequences in pepsin and pepsinogen: I, Val-Phe-Asp-Asn-Leu-Trp-Asp-Gln-Gly; II, Leu-Trp-Val-Pro-Ser; III, Val-Glu-Gly(Trp,Gln); IV, Leu-Asn-Trp-Val-Pro. Each of the above sequences in the protein gave rise to several peptides which were separable on the gel columns but showed identical amino acid compositions. The multiplicity of peaks is probably related to the chemistry of the alkylation, which Koshland and associates have shown may yield several isomeric, monosubstituted derivatives of the indole ring of tryptophan. When active pepsin (with the disulfide bonds intact) was treated with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide at pH 3.5, only 2 residues of the reagent were incorporated; one has been shown to be in Sequence I, above, the second in Sequence IV. The loss in specific activity against both hemoglobin and acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-diiodotyrosine resulting from this incorporation is only 25 to 30%, indicating that the reagent is not reacting with groups that are essential for catalytic activity. In alkali-denatured pepsin, 3 residues of tryptophan were accessible, whereas the 4th became reactive only after cleavage of the disulfide bonds of the protein by reduction and carboxymethylation. In the course of these experiments it was also observed that all 4 of the methionine residues of pepsin are unavailable to alkylation by iodoacetate or iodoacetamide at pH 2.2.
An Evaluation of Reporting Guidelines and Clinical Trial Registry Requirements Among Orthopaedic Surgery Journals.

Background The responsibility for ensuring that studies are adequately reported is primarily that of those conducting the study; however, journal policies may influence how thoroughly authors choose to report their research. The use of reporting guidelines and prospective trial registration are promising avenues for ensuring that published studies adhere to the highest methodological standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate orthopaedic surgery journal policies regarding reporting guidelines and trial registration, and to evaluate the effects that these policies have on adherence to reporting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of journal policies and "Instructions for Authors" to determine the journals' policies and guidance regarding use of reporting guidelines and study registration. We also examined whether trials published in journals referencing CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) had higher rates of compliance with publishing a CONSORT flow diagram and whether journals with trial registration policies were more likely to contain registered trials than journals without these requirements. Results Of the 21 orthopaedic surgery journals, 6 (29%) did not mention a single guideline, and clinical trial registration was required by 11 (52%) orthopaedic surgery journals and recommended by 2 (10%). Of the 21 general medical journals, 3 (14%) did not mention a single guideline, and trial registration was required by 13 (62%) general medical journals and recommended by 5 (24%) others. Furthermore, journals that referenced CONSORT were more likely to publish trials with a CONSORT flow diagram. Journals with trial registration policies were more likely to publish registered trials. Conclusions Reporting guidelines and trial registration are suboptimally required or recommended by orthopaedic surgery journals. These 2 mechanisms may improve methodology and quality, and should be considered for adoption by journal editors in orthopaedic surgery. Clinical relevance Because orthopaedic surgeons rely on high-quality research to direct patient care, measures must be taken to ensure that published research is of the highest quality. The use of reporting guidelines and prospective clinical trial registration may improve the quality of orthopaedic research, thereby improving patient care.
Exploring causal relationship between Major League Baseball games and crime: a synthetic control analysis

Using the Washington Nationals case, which moved from Montreal, Canada, to Washington, DC in 2005, as a natural experiment, I examine the impact of MLB games on crime in a host city. To address endogeneity concerns, this paper applies a synthetic control method with using 21 large cities which host an MLB team as a “donor pool” and employs a triple difference-in-difference approach to estimate the change in crime before and after the Nationals coming, between MLB season and off-season, and Washington, DC and the synthetic Washington. With using monthly crime data from the Uniform Crime Report, only assaults increased by 7–7.5% annually after the Nationals moved to DC; other crimes were unchanged. This result is supported by statistical significance and in-space placebo tests, and several alternative specifications in robustness check. These increases in assaults could be associated with additional costs, annually from $20 to $35 million. Little to no evidence of a causal relationship between MLB games and other types of crime.
Fertility preservation in pediatric female cancer patients.

Objective To describe and demonstrate ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) as an emerging fertility preservation technique Design Video presentation. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A 6 year-old female patient diagnosed with aplastic anemia with plan for bone marrow transplantation underwent laparoscopic unilateral oophorectomy in conjunction with surgical procedure for port placement by the pediatric surgeon, followed by cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. Intervention(s) Laparoscopic unilateral oophorectomy followed by ovarian decortication in the operating room, and ovarian tissue freezing prior to undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Main Outcome Measure(s) To present principle surgical techniques of ovarian tissue harvesting prior to OTC in pediatric patients, and different surgical techniques for ovarian auto-transplantation of cryobanked ovarian tissue after completion of gonadotoxic treatment and when the patient is ready to conceive. Result(s) This video demonstrates the detailed surgical technique for ovarian tissue harvesting. This harvesting can be performed laparoscopically or via mini-laparotomy and can involve a complete oophorectomy versus removing a portion of the ovary (a procedure also known as ovarian decortication). Conclusion(s) In the prepubertal child, due to the small size of the ovaries, we recommend oophorectomy rather than decortication owing to the small size of prepubertal gonadal tissue. Many young cancer patients can be offered the option of ovarian tissue freezing. This tissue contains immature primordial follicles that can be stored. OTC requires surgical ovarian harvesting followed by cryopreservation of strips of ovarian tissue. The increased number of eggs in prepubertal children underscores the fact that smaller ovarian size in this population does not preclude OTC. At this time, ovarian auto-transplantation is the only option to utilize this stored tissue for fertility preservation. OTC is a relatively new procedure within the area of ART. The overall data from OTC is reassuring and further suggests that cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has the potential to become an established fertility preservation method in the near future.
Neutralization of Lewis Blood Group Antibodies by Synthetic Immunoadsorbents

The neutralization of antibodies to the Lewis blood group systems is important in confirming the presence of these antibodies and in investigating complex alloantibody problems. An improved method for neutralizing Lewis antibodies is described. Insoluble immunoadsorbents containing synthetic Lewis antigens are used to physically remove the antibody from serum. Thirty-five sera containing Lewis antibodies were neutralized completely using this technic; 23 non-Lewis alloantibodies were not inhibited. In contrast with current methods, this technic does not dilute the patient serum and results in an affinity purified serum sample.