cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial humeri of two Miocene Colombian primates

Distal portions of humeri from two Miocene Colombian primates were recovered during field work in 1986. The larger IGM 183420 is very similar in size and morphology to the humerus included in the type specimen of Cebupithecia sarmientoi, recovered from La Venta in 1945 (Stirton and Savage: Serv. Geol. Nac. Bogata 7:345–356, 1951) and is assigned to this taxon. IGM 183420 presents a number of features of the humerus associated with clinging postural behaviors in living platyrrhines, including a medial epicondyle with very little dorsal angulation, a cylindrical trochlea, and a contact facet for the coronoid process of the ulna. In these and other features Cebupithecia most closely resembles the extant genus Pithecia. IGM 183512 is approximately the size of Saimiri sciureus and is very similar in morphology to the humerus of this small arboreal quadruped. The medial epicondyle is more dorsally angled, the medial lip of the trochlea is more pronounced and the capitulum is less spherical as compared to Cebupithecia. This fossil is assigned to the taxon Neosaimiri fieldsi.
Effect of tracer buoyancy on tracer experiments conducted in fractured crystalline bedrock

[1] Tracer buoyancy has been shown to influence breakthrough from two-well tracer experiments conducted in porous media. Two-well tracer experiments are presented from fractured crystalline bedrock, in which the specific gravity of the tracer injectate varied from 1.0002 to 1.0133. Under the forced hydraulic conditions imposed, no difference in breakthrough was noted for the three experiments. These results show that even relatively dense tracer injectate solutions may have an insignificant effect on breakthrough when imposed gradients are sufficiently large.
Maternal stress and social support: Effects on the mother- infant relationship from birth to eighteen months

Mothers' perceived stress and social support were found to be significant predictors of maternal attitudes and the quality of interaction with their infants, when measured concurrently across an 18-month period. However, long-term predictions were poor, as stability of maternal stress and support factors was only moderate. The quality of infants' interactive behavior was also affected by maternal stress and support, but only during the early measurement periods of one and four months.
The Cost of a Foreign Exchange Standard or of the Use of a Foreign Currency as the Circulating Medium

ALTHOUGH THE NUMBER is diminishing, various independent countries and colonial areas still have no monetary authority with discretionary power over currency circulation, but use either a foreign currency or a foreign exchange standard, i.e., a local currency with a mandatory 100 per cent foreign exchange cover. The characteristics and some of the possible advantages and disadvantages of these "automatic" currency systems are briefly described in this paper. However, the paper deals primarily with the economic cost of employing foreign assets as the circulating medium or as a mandatory cover for the currency. This cost is genuine, but in assessing its magnitude, account should be taken of the fact that countries having independent currency systems must also maintain foreign exchange reserves. The net cost of the automatic systems, therefore, relates only to the extra amount of foreign assets that is immobilized; in most instances, this net cost appears to be small.
SU‐GG‐J‐183: The Use of Video Feedback for the Improvement of Respiratory Gating Radiation Treatments

Purpose: Breath‐hold respiratory gating is currently being used to improve the quality of radiotherapy, especially for sites subject to internal motion. One technical challenge that exists is patient regulation of respiration. Typically, the radiation therapist verbally coaches the patient during treatment. This may not be the most efficient or accurate practice, since the patient is receiving delayed commands based on secondary cues. As such, a video feedback system has been implemented. During treatment, a live plot of breathing amplitude versus time is displayed to the patient for first‐hand adjustments. Method and Materials: Varian's RPM system was used to track the patient's respiratory motion. i‐O Display Systems' i‐Glasses, a headset displaying video feed, was worn by the patient for visual feedback. The RPM software interface was displayed in this headset. Patients with treatment sites in the abdomen and thorax, such as lung,liver, and breast cancer, were of interest in this study. Those who were candidates for breath‐hold gating treatment were selected for either video feedback or verbal coaching respiratory management techniques, based on the patient's physical and mental condition. Results: The accuracy and efficiency of the video feedback system, using i‐Glasses, was compared to the more conventional system of audio commands given by the therapist. Accuracy was based on the magnitude of motion within the threshold, while efficiency was based on beam‐on time during a particular field of treatment.Conclusion: Video feedback proved better accuracy and efficiency of treatment compared to audio coaching. However, not all patients were candidates for the video feedback system. Some patients did not understand what the plot of amplitude versus time meant. Some patients could not resolve the plot, due to poor eye sight. Other patients found the headset to be uncomfortable during treatment. These problems are currently being taken into consideration for future studies.
Observations and modeling of ice cloud shortwave spectral albedo during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4)

[1] Ice cloud optical thickness and effective radius have been retrieved from hyperspectral irradiance and discrete spectral radiance measurements for four ice cloud cases during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4) over a range of solar zenith angle (23°–53°) and high (46–90) and low (5–15) optical thicknesses. The retrieved optical thickness and effective radius using measurements at only two wavelengths from the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) irradiance and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator (MAS) were input to a radiative transfer model using two libraries of ice crystal single-scattering optical properties to reproduce spectral albedo over the spectral range from 400 to 2130 nm. The two commonly used ice single-scattering models were evaluated by examining the residuals between observed spectral and predicted spectral albedo. The SSFR and MAS retrieved optical thickness and effective radius were found to be in close agreement for the low to moderately optically thick clouds with a mean difference of 3.42 in optical thickness (SSFR lower relative to MAS) and 3.79 μm in effective radius (MAS smaller relative to SSFR). The higher optical thickness case exhibited a larger difference in optical thickness (40.5) but nearly identical results for effective radius. The single-scattering libraries were capable of reproducing the spectral albedo in most cases examined to better than 0.05 for all wavelengths. Systematic differences between the model and measurements increased with increasing optical thickness and approached 0.10 between 400 and 600 nm and selected wavelengths between 1200 and 1300 nm. Differences between radiance and irradiance based retrievals of optical thickness and effective radius error sources in the modeling of ice single-scattering properties are examined.
The relationship between eating disorders and depression

(1996). The Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Depression. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 136, No. 2, pp. 269-271.
Polistes paper wasps: a model genus for the study of social dominance hierarchies

Polistes are an ideal system to study ultimate and proximate questions of dominance, and to test theoretical predictions about social evolution. The behaviors typically associated with dominance in Polistes are similar to those observed in many vertebrate societies. Here, we review recent ethological, mechanistic, and evolutionary studies on how social dominance hierarchies are established and maintained in Polistes spp. From the ultimate perspective, we address individual and group benefits of hierarchy formation, as well as issues such as reproductive skew, queen-worker conflict, and costs of challenging the dominant. From the proximate perspective, we review social, physical, and physiological factors influencing hierarchy formation, including co-foundress interactions, age structure, body size, endocrine system, and chemical and visual signals. We also discuss the extensive inter- and intra-specific variation of Polistes in the formation and maintenance of hierarchies, as well as levels of within-colony aggression. We conclude the review by highlighting the utility of this variation for comparative studies and the immense potential of the genus Polistes to address fundamental and unanswered questions about the evolution and maintenance of dominance behavior in animals.
Noncoincidence of geodesic lengths and hearing elliptic quantum billiards

Assume that the planar region Ω has aC1 boundary ∂Ω and is strictly convex in the sense that the tangent angle determines a point on the boundary. The lengths of invariant circles for the billiard ball map (or caustics) accumulate on |∂Ω|. It follows from direct calculations and from relations between the lengths of invariant circles and the lengths of trajectories of the billiard ball map that under mild assumptions on the lengths of some geodesics the region satisfies the strong noncoincidence condition. This condition plays a role in recovering the lengths of closed geodesics from the spectrum of the Laplacian. Asymptotics for the lengths of invariant circles and an application to ellipses are discussed. In addition; some examples regarding strong non coincidence are given.
Effect of genre expectations on text comprehension.

This article investigates whether expectations about discourse genre influence the process and products of text comprehension. Ss read texts either with a literary story or with a news story as the purported genre. Subsequently, they verified statements pertaining to the texts. Two experiments demonstrated that Ss reading under a literary perspective had longer reading times, better memory for surface information, and a poorer memory for situational information than those reading under a news perspective. Regression analyses of reading times produced findings that were consistent with the memory data. The results support the notion that readers differentially allocate their processing resources according to their expectations about the genre of a text
Looking out for Paisanos: Latino hometown associations as transnational advocacy networks

Migrant organizations are part of everyday associational life in the US. These organizations range in size and scope with interests that include the home and host country. In particular, one form of migrant organization, the Latin American hometown association (HTA), has taken as part of its purpose to aid in development and civic projects within their sending communities. HTAs have identified problems in the home country and take the initiative in solving the problem at hand which has at times allowed them to circumvent the government. Overtime, this ability to solve problems has granted migrants new political access in the home country. The work by HTAs has pressured the government to act on creating new policies that guide how it implements development projects to communities in need. This paper addresses how Latin American HTAs work towards transnational mobilization. Some attention is also given to the critiques of HTA organization.
Multicenter Comparison of the Factors Important in Restoring Thoracic Kyphosis During Posterior Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Abstract Study Design Multicenter review, prospectively collected data. Objectives To determine factors predictive of postoperative correction of hypokyphosis when segmental posterior pedicle screw implants were used in treating thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of Background Data Correcting hypokyphosis, which is common in patients with thoracic AIS, may be important in preventing junctional kyphosis, maintaining lumbar lordosis, and improving pulmonary function. Methods A multicenter, prospective database was reviewed for Lenke type 1–4 AIS patients with preoperative kyphosis of 5° to 20°, treated with posterior pedicle screws and 5.5-mm rods. Surgeons with a minimum of 20 patients identified were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups postoperatively based on first erect X-rays: those remaining hypokyphotic (HK) (T5–T12 less than 20° or an increase less than 5° in T5–T12 kyphosis) and those restored to normal kyphosis (NK) (T5–T12 greater than 20° with 5° or more increase). Regression analysis was done on 5 preoperative factors thought to influence the postoperative kyphosis: preoperative kyphosis, surgeon, rod material (standard, high-strength, and ultra–high-strength steel; titanium; and cobalt chromium), implant density, and use or no use of a posterior release (Ponte osteotomies). Results Of 280 patients included, 222 remained hypokyphotic and 53 achieved normal kyphosis. There were no differences in preoperative kyphosis (13.4° ± 5°, HK group vs. 14.5° ± 4°, NK group) and age (14.7, HK group vs. 14.6, NK group) between patients brought to greater than 20° (NK) and those who remained less than 20° (HK). Of the factors evaluated, the surgeon who performed the operation was the only significant predictor of restoration of normal kyphosis. Comparison of surgeons showed that the rate of normalizing kyphosis ranged from 6% to 42% (p = .001). There was no difference in the degree of preoperative kyphosis among surgeons. Conclusions Restoration of thoracic kyphosis remains a challenge in posteriorly treated thoracic AIS patients. The surgeon was the only significant predictor of restoring normal kyphosis, which emphasizes the importance of intraoperative techniques.
Neural correlates of individual differences in pain-related fear and anxiety.

Although individual differences in fear and anxiety modulate the pain response and may even cause more suffering than the initiating physical stimulus, little is known about the neural systems mediating this relationship. The present study provided the first examination of the neural correlates of individual differences in the tendency to (1) feel anxious about the potentially negative implications of physical sensations, as measured by the anxiety sensitivity index (ASI), and (2) fear various types of physical pain, as indexed by the fear of pain questionnaire (FPQ). In separate sessions, participants completed these questionnaires and experienced alternating blocks of noxious thermal stimulation (45–50 °C) and neutral thermal stimulation (38 °C) during the collection of whole-brain fMRI data. Regression analyses demonstrated that during the experience of pain, ASI scores predicted activation of a medial prefrontal region associated with self-focused attention, whereas FPQ scores predicted activation of a ventral lateral frontal region associated with response regulation and anterior and posterior cingulate regions associated with monitoring and evaluation of affective responses. These functional relationships cannot be wholly explained by generalized anxiety (indexed by STAI-T scores), which did not significantly correlate with activation of any regions. The present findings may help clarify both the impact of individual differences in emotion on the neural correlates of pain, and the roles in anxiety, fear, and pain processing played by medial and orbitofrontal systems.
Filamentous fungi exposed to spaceflight stresses including known levels of ultraviolet irradiations.

Chaetomium globosum ascospores andTrichophyton terrestre conidia were exposed to spaceflight parameters of Apollo 16 then returned to Earch for studies in hyphal grwoth dynamics as one of the postflight investigations. Selected phenotypic strains of each species appeared to show changes in growth according to specific ultraviolet irradiations in space.
Research needed to improve the prospects for children in out-of-home placement

Abstract This paper identifies several priorities for organizing research that is needed to significantly improve the prospects for children in out-of-home care. These priorities include (1) program evaluation research on services provided to children in out-of-home care, (2) organizational studies of various aspects of the child welfare system and the relationships between child welfare services and other systems, (3) research on child welfare decision making, (4) examination of the role of race and ethnicity in outcomes of care, (5) attention to recurring methodological issues. Accomplishing this research agenda will most likely require a sustained federal commitment to funding research on out-of-home care.
Hypnosis and the altered state debate: something more or nothing more?

Kallio and Revonsuo (2003) present an Altered State Theory of hypnosis that they contend provides a multilevel framework to guide research that can lead to the ultimate resolution of the debate about whether or not hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. In our commentary, we take the opportunity to clarify a number of simplifications and misrepresentations of sociocognitive theories inherent in the Kallio and Revonsuo's presentation, consider some of their criticisms of nonstate theories of hypnosis, and discuss a number of problems and limitations of their theory. Copyright © 2005 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
On the bulk temperatures of dry rubbing metallic solid pairs

Abstract The calculation of temperature fields that develop in rubbing metallic pairs is customary performed under the assumption of a steady state and; that heat is released at the interface of the rubbing pair. These assumptions have several drawbacks as they neglect the role of the subsurface structural deformations which gives rise to internal heat generation. This paper introduces a solution for the transient temperature fields developed within two rubbing metallic solids with internal heat generation that varies exponentially with the distance from the nominal contact surface. The results indicate that in contrast to the customary models, the maximum temperature appears at some distance in the subsurface region. A result that is supported by the experimental observations of different authors.
One-dimensional square- and ladder-type architectures incorporating octacyanometallates of molybdenum(V) and tungsten(V)

Abstract Reactions of tptz complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), and Fe(III) with [MV(CN)8]3− (M = Mo, W) anions produced three new heterobimetallic chain compounds (2–4). The mer-capped building block [CuII(tptz)(CF3SO3)2(CH3OH)]·2H2O (1) (tptz = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) was also isolated. The structures of 2, 3, and 4 consist of linked squares composed of alternating [MV(CN)8]3− and [M(tptz)]2+/3+ units bridged by cyanide ligands. Both {[CuII(tptz)MoV(CN)8]−·H3O+·CH3OH}∞ (2) and {[FeIII(tptz)WV(CN)8]·2CH3OH}∞ (4) exhibit an infinite ladder-type motif of edge-sharing squares, whereas {[CoII2(tptz)2(H2O)2W2V(CN)16CoII(H2O)4]·2H2O}∞ (3) is composed of molecular squares bridged by [Co(H2O)4]2+ cations. The magnetic behavior of 2 is dominated by ferromagnetic coupling between Cu(II) and Mo(V) spin centers. The isostructural compound 4 exhibits weak antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe(III) and W(V) spin centers. In the case of 3, magnetic studies indicate the presence of ferromagnetic interactions between Co(II) and W(V) centers and the ac data reveal a weak out-of-phase signal at low temperature which suggests single-chain magnet behavior.
The Dependence of Flame Propagation on Surface Heat Transfer II. Upward Burning

Abstract Solutions for the flame propagation rate resulting from a given distribution of surface heat flux are presented for upward burning of finite slabs and rods and for a semi-infinite fuel bed. These results are combined with expressions for heal transfer to burning, vertical surfaces to give approximate formulas for the flame spreading velocity in terms of the properties of the fuel-oxidizer system and an empirical forward heat transfer parameter φ, For slabs of finite thickness, flame propagation is found to be steady for φ φ crit; for steady propagation, the curve of flame spreading velocity versus slab thickness passes through a minimum. For thermally thick fuel beds, simple relationships are obtained between the flame spreading velocity and the instantaneous height of the pyrolysis region. A comparison with experimental data on thermally thick slabs of PMMA yields a value of φ = 0.13 in the turbulent heat transfer region.
Relaxation techniques and asynchronous algorithms for on-line computation of non-cooperative equilibria

The equilibrium solution of a zero-sum or a non-zero-sum game is said to be stable if, after any deviation from that equilibrium, an adjustment process that involves unilateral optimal responses by the players can bring it back to the starting point. One appealing feature of a stable equilibrium is that in the on-line adjustment process the players need to know only their own cost functions and the most recently computed (and broadcast) policies of the other players, and not the other players' cost functions. It is needless to say that not all equilibrium (saddle-point or Nash) solutions are stable, and hence the question arises whether there exists a different on-line (real-time implementable) computational algorithm which would converge to an equilibrium even if that equilibrium is not stable. In this paper, we address precisely this question, and introduce a relaxation technique which leads to on-line implementable algorithms that converge to equilibria, be they stable or unstable, and in some cases in a finite number of steps. We also obtain conditions for convergence of asynchronous algorithms which arise in the computation of equilibria in games where the order of responses in not fixed a priori . The discussion and the analyses are primarily confined to two-person deterministic games, with extensions to N -player games and stochastic games briefly mentioned and left as topics for future research.
Influence of 2-Br-α-ergocryptine on Serum Levels of Prolactin and the Estrous Cycle in Sheep

In a preliminary study 1 mg per day of 2-Br-a-ergocryptine (CB-154) was shown to be effective in reducing serum levels of prolactin. In a second experiment 1 mg CB-154 was injected twice daily for 20 days, which included one complete estrous cycle, into 5 ewes. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone were not different between CB-154-injected and control ewes. Prolactin levels were reduced to <0.5 ng⁄ml in CB-154-treated ewes throughout the treatment period. Prolactin levels ranged from 10 to 100 ng⁄ml in control ewes. It was concluded that luteal function as judged by regression of marked corpora lutea, estrous cycle length, or serum levels of progesterone was not different between CB-154- treated and control ewes. These data suggest that: 1) very low levels of prolactin are adequate to insure normal luteal function; or 2) prolactin does not play a role in the regulation of luteal function in normal cycling sheep. (Endocrinology 94: 612, 1974)
Elastic Stability and Second-Order Analysis of Three-Dimensional Frames: Effects of Column Orientation

The elastic stability and second-order analysis of three-dimensional (3D) multicolumn systems including the effects of cross-section orientation of each column are presented in a condensed manner u...
N distribution in maize plant as a marker for grain yield and limits on its remobilization after flowering

To determine the relationship between specific leaf N (SLN) and grain yield or its components in commercial maize hybrids in the US Corn Belt, three studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011. Leaf area index at flowering ranged from 3 under low to 5.6 at normal soil N. At flowering, 70% of the vegetative N was sequestered in the leaves, 22% in stalk and 8% in leaf sheaths, whereas the respective numbers for dry mass were 34, 50 and 16%. Highest grain yield was obtained at an SLN of 1.5. N stress affected both kernel number and kernel mass per plant. Regardless of the initial amount of leaf N at flowering, ~65% was remobilized by maturity. Under normal soil N, leaf N at flowering contributed at most 40% to the grain N. An increase in N storage capacity of the leaves would improve stability of hybrid grain yield as well as reduce loss of N from the soil by leaching and run-off.
Development of a new intensive therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children at increased risk of early relapse: The memorial Sloan‐Kettering‐New York‐II protocol

Background. Improved survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has made it more difficult to develop new protocols to further improve results. The authors report the pilot experience with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering-New York-II (MSK-NY-II) protocol, based on the New York regimen with changes made in an attempt to improve efficacy while reducing toxicity. Methods. Forty-four of 46 consecutive patients were randomized to one of four regimens varying only in the sequence and mode of administration of the drugs during the first 48 hours of therapy, while the kinetics of the disappearance of the leukemic cells from the bone marrow was monitored with bone marrow aspirates and biopsies on days 0, 2, 7, and 14. Results. Thirty-two high-risk and 12 average-risk patients were randomized. The marrow contained less than 25% blasts in 74.4% and 92.9% by day 7 and 14, respectively. Ninety-three percent achieved remission. Regimens beginning with daunorubicin achieved a greater and more rapid reduction in leukemic cells than those starting with cyclophosphamide. Daunorubicin infusion produced a more rapid cytoreduction than daunorubicin bolus. Two of 41 patients who achieved remission relapsed, and there was one death in remission. With a median follow-up of 54+ months, the event-free survival (EFS) rate was 86% ± 10%. Disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 48 months was 93%. The estimated 4-year EFS rate for the high-risk and average-risk patients were 83 ± 14% and 93 ± 10%, respectively. Four of 18 patients given daunorubicin bolus and 0 of 18 patients given daunorubicin infusion who were monitored with serial echocardiograms had significant decrease in cardiac function (P = 0.10). The major toxicity of the therapy was infections, with 35% of patients developing serious infections during induction and consolidation. Half the patients had an episode of bacteremia from the venous catheter during the 2 years of maintenance. Conclusions. Close monitoring of kinetics of cytoreduction can rapidly distinguish between similar therapies, and the surrogate end-point may reduce the need for the long follow-up periods that may still be required to demonstrate differences in EFS. Continuous infusion of daunorubicin had less cardiotoxicity with faster antileukemic activity than bolus infusion. The MSK-NY-II protocol with an 86% 4-year EFS rate and a 95% DFS rate was a promising new regimen for the treatment of average-risk and high-risk ALL.
Precarious rock evidence for low near-source accelerations for trans-tensional strike-slip earthquakes

Abstract This paper describes precarious rock evidence for low ground motions associated with extensional sections of strike-slip faults. Recent evidence from physical and numerical models and data regressions has indicated that ground motion for extensional strike-slip regions may be lower than for strike-slip faults with a large fault-normal tectonic stress component, and for thrust faults in general. Data from compressional strike-slip and thrust earthquakes dominates the database used in most regression curves for ground acceleration, and in the calculation of current probabilistic seismic hazard maps. Therefore, estimates of ground accelerations on these seismic hazard maps may be too high for sites near extensional sections of strike-slip faults. This paper discusses precariously balanced rock data from three areas near extensional sections of strike-slip faulting: (1) the region of the Honey fault, California, with an active Holocene fault, (2) the Red Rock Canyon region of the Garlock fault, near a dilatational step-over, and (3) the region just south of Beaumont, California, near the Hemet dilatational step-over in the San Jacinto fault. These are all active strike-slip faults, with at least a few large earthquakes in the Holocene, and, in the case of the San Jacinto example, historic large earthquakes ( M =7). Thus, the precarious rocks at these sites are evidence of relatively low ground motions associated with extensional strike-slip faulting. The results of this study could be very important in developing more detailed seismic hazard maps in the future.
Retention of provisional crowns fabricated from two materials with the use of four temporary cements.

Statement of problem. Practitioners often choose resin materials and temporary cements with little understanding about their effect on provisional crown retention. Purpose. This study evaluated the retention of provisional restorations made with 2 materials and cemented with 4 temporary cements. Methods and material. Recently extracted molars were prepared with a flat occlusal surface, 4-mm axial length and 20-degree angle of convergence. Specimens were distributed into equivalent groups. Provisional crowns were constructed for each preparation with polymethyl methacrylate (Temporary Bridge Resin) or bis-acrylic composite (Protemp Garant) and later cemented with Temp-Bond, Temp-Bond NE, Temrex, and an experimental calcium hydroxide temporary cement. A second group with Temrex was evaluated using half the recommended liquid. A cementing force of 2.5 kg for 5 minutes was used. After initial bench set followed by 24 hours in room temperature water, the crowns were removed with an Instron mechanical testing machine at 0.5 mm/min A 2-factor ANOVA was used with α=.05 (n=10). Mode of debonding was analyzed with a nonparametric chi-square test of association. Results. Mean dislodgment stresses ranged from 670 to 1072 kPa for polymethyl metharylate crowns and 554 to 884 kPa for those made of composite. Differences were nearly significant for the type of provisional material ( P =.061) and the cross-product interaction ( P =.376) was not significant, whereas there were significant differences among the cements ( P =.002) and the mode of debonding ( P =.0034). Conclusions. Excluding Temp-Bond to eliminate a cross-product interaction demonstrated that the polymethyl methacrylate crowns were 19.3% more retentive than the composite crowns ( P =.015). There was no statistically significant difference among the 4 temporary cements when the manufacturer's mixing instructions were followed ( P =.186). However, the thicker consistency Temrex was more retentive than the recommended Temrex mix and Temp-Bond.
The impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection and treatment on ultrasound-detectable morbidity: a five-year cohort study in Southwest China.

Author(s): Carlton, Elizabeth J; Hsiang, Michelle; Zhang, Yi; Johnson, Sarah; Hubbard, Alan; Spear, Robert C | Abstract: BackgroundUltrasonography allows for non-invasive examination of the liver and spleen and can further our understanding of schistosomiasis morbidity.Methodology/principal findingsWe followed 578 people in Southwest China for up to five years. Participants were tested for Schistosoma japonicum infection in stool and seven standard measures of the liver and spleen were obtained using ultrasound to evaluate the relationship between schistosomiasis infection and ultrasound-detectable pathology, and the impact of targeted treatment on morbidity. Parenchymal fibrosis, a network pattern of the liver unique to S. japonicum, was associated with infection at the time of ultrasound (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.90) and infection intensity (test for trend, p = 0.002), adjusting for age, sex and year, and more strongly associated with prior infection status and intensity (adjusted OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30-2.60; test for trend: pl0.001 respectively), despite prompt treatment of infections. While declines in parenchymal fibrosis over time were statistically significant, only 28% of individuals with severe parenchymal fibrosis (grades 2 or 3) at enrollment reversed to normal or grade 1 within five years. Other liver abnormalities were less consistently associated with S. japonicum infection.Conclusions/significanceParenchymal fibrosis is an appropriate measure of S. japonicum morbidity and can document reductions in disease following control efforts. Other ultrasound measures may have limited epidemiological value in regions with similar infection levels. Because severe fibrosis may not reverse quickly following treatment, efforts to reduce exposure to S. japonicum should be considered in combination with treatment to prevent schistosomiasis morbidity.
Estimation of Live Fish Weight by Photography

Abstract Approximate weights offish were calculated from length and width measurements of their photographic images. In the calculations we employed the formula Wt = KLW², where Wt = weight (g); K = proportionality factor, derived from a subsample of the population under study; L = length (cm); and W = width (cm). When tested against true weights, the derived weights had a mean error of ±8.6%.
Can sensitized lymphocytes retain reactivity to inner ear antigens after retrieval from frozen storage

Immune inner ear disease results in rapidly progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and is one of the few forms of sensorineural hearing loss that can be treated medically. The purpose of this study is to identify and preserve several populations of sensitized lymphocytes from patients with immune inner ear disease as a first step toward cloning autoreactive T cells, in order to study the pathogenesis of disease. Lymphocytes from four patients with high reactivity (stimulation index of 2.5 or greater) were placed in frozen storage. At 8 to 14 months they were thawed and restimulated. All four samples were viable. Two reacted again to inner ear homogenate, but with different intensities. Some lymphocytes sensitized to inner ear antigens can retain reactivity after frozen storage. This methodology may be useful to clone highly reactive T cells.
Analyticity as a robust constraint on the total cross section at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

It is well known that high energy data alone do not discriminate between asymptotic $\mathrm{ln}﻿s$ and ${ln﻿}^{2}s$ behavior of $pp$ and $\overline{p}p$ cross sections. By exploiting high quality low energy data, analyticity resolves this ambiguity in favor of cross sections that grow asymptotically as ${ln﻿}^{2}s$. We here show that two methods for incorporating the low energy data into the high energy fits give numerically identical results and yield essentially identical tightly constrained values for the LHC cross section. The agreement can be understood as a new analyticity constraint derived as an extension of a finite energy sum rule.
Adjuvant therapy of melanoma.

The incidence of melanoma is rapidly increasing, especially in younger female and older male patients. Recent fundamental advances in our knowledge of melanoma tumorigenesis have established roles for inhibitors of the MAPK pathway and regulatory immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. However, the majority of patients continue to present with non-metastatic disease—typically managed with surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. High-dose IFN-α2b (HDI) is the main adjuvant therapeutic mainstay in high-risk disease following definitive resection. In this chapter, we review the evidence supporting the use of adjuvant HDI in high-risk melanoma. We also discuss some of the other treatment modalities that have been evaluated including vaccines, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase in the Stomach Mucosa of Swine with NaCl or 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

The effect of sodium chloride and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in gastric mucosa of miniature swine was investigated as a model for gastric inflammation. The level of the enzyme was lower in the pylorus than in the fundic or cardiac regions of the stomach in untreated animals. Treatment with sodium chloride at 1 g/kg produced large increases in all three regions, with the greatest relative increase in the pylorus. Treatment with sodium chloride at 0.25 g/kg or the phorbol ester at 2.0 mg/pig produced significant but less dramatic increases. ODC activity in control and treated mucosal extracts was inhibited by the specific ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine. Most of the enzyme activity was associated with superficial and exfoliated cells that could be scraped from the mucosal surface. No increase in the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 was observed in the mucosal extracts. Ornithine decarboxylase appears to be a useful enzymatic marker for the regenerative events that occur after tissue damage and may correlate with the putative tumor-promoting function of sodium chloride in gastric tissues.
On-line determination of dissolved silica in seawater by ion exclusion chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the direct determination of dissolved silica in seawater by ion exclusion chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described. This method was developed as a second, independent method to complement the usual colorimetric procedure in the determination of a certified concentration of dissolved silica in a planned seawater reference material. Ion exclusion affords a separation of the dissolved silica not only from the major seawater cations but also from potentially interfering anions. The detection limit, conservatively estimated at 2.3 ng g-1 as Si (0.08 μM), is superior to that achievable by direct analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Conformational Isomers of Denatured and Unfolded Proteins: Methods of Production and Applications

Conformational isomers of denatured-unfolded proteins are rich in numbers and varied in shapes. They represent an opulent resource of biological molecules that have remained unexploited. The major obstacle in utilizing this untapped potential is that it is inherently difficult to isolate and characterize pure conformational isomers, not only because of the excessive large number, but also because of their instability and rapid inter-conversion. Our lab has developed a method for trapping selected conformational isomers of denatured proteins that are amenable to isolation, characterization and further applications. The method has potential usefulness, ranging from the comprehensive structural characterization of denatured proteins, to the elucidation of pathways of protein unfolding-folding, to the production of unlimited structurally defined non-native protein isomers for biomedical applications.
Application-assisted live migration of virtual machines with Java applications

Live migration of virtual machines (VMs) can consume excessive time and resources, and may affect application performance significantly if VM memory pages get dirtied faster than their content can be transferred to the destination. Existing approaches to this problem transfer memory content faster with high-speed networks, slow down the dirtying of memory pages by throttling the execution of applications, or reduce the amount of memory content to be transferred, for example, using compression. However, these approaches incur high resource costs or application performance penalties. In this paper, we propose to skip the transfer of VM memory pages that need not be migrated for the execution of running applications at the destination, by exploiting applications' assistance. We have designed a generic framework for application-assisted live migration and then used it to build and evaluate JAVMM, which migrates VMs running various types of Java applications skipping the transfer of garbage in Java memory. Our experimental results show that JAVMM can reduce the completion time, the network traffic of transferring memory pages, and the application downtime of Java VM migration, all by up to over 90%, compared to the vanilla Xen VM migration, without incurring noticeable performance penalty to applications.
The impact of emergency physician-initiated primary percutaneous coronary intervention on mean door-to-balloon time in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

Study objective We seek to evaluate how accurately the emergency physician initiates percutaneous coronary intervention for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and the impact of emergency physician–initiated percutaneous coronary intervention on mean door-to-balloon time. Methods We conducted a before-and-after cohort study of consecutive STEMI patients presenting to a 608-bed tertiary care hospital during a 32-month period. During the first 19 months, percutaneous coronary intervention was available only by consultation with an on-call interventionist. In the subsequent 13 months, percutaneous coronary intervention was initiated by the emergency physician independent of cardiology consultation. All patients presenting during the study period with an appropriate clinical history and characteristic ECG findings of STEMI were eligible. Patients with greater than 12 hours of symptoms, contraindications to percutaneous coronary intervention, a valid do-not-resuscitate order, who died before percutaneous coronary intervention was attempted, who initially refused, or whose door-to-balloon time was greater than 6 hours were excluded. The accuracy of emergency physician identification of STEMI was confirmed by an independent cardiologist. All hospital medical records with a discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 410.xx) were reviewed to confirm that no STEMI patients went unidentified. A t test was used to compare mean door-to-balloon time in each cohort. Results A total of 172 patients were enrolled in this investigation, 95 STEMI patients in the initial 19-month period and 77 patients in the subsequent 13 months, when percutaneous coronary intervention was initiated solely at the discretion of the emergency physician. Percutaneous coronary intervention was inappropriately initiated by the emergency physician only once, and no ED patients with STEMI were overlooked, resulting in 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.3% to 100%) and 99.6% specificity (95% CI 97.7% to 99.9%). Mean door-to-balloon time in the emergency physician–initiated percutaneous coronary intervention cohort improved by 40 minutes (95% CI 26 to 54 minutes) from 131 to 91 minutes. Conclusion The emergency physician is able to accurately initiate percutaneous coronary intervention for ED patients presenting with STEMI independent of cardiology consultation. Emergency physician–initiated percutaneous coronary intervention significantly reduces mean door-to-balloon time for these patients.
Conceptual blockbusters: creative idea generation techniques for health administrators.

(2001). Conceptual Blockbusters: Creative Idea Generation Techniques for Health Administrators. Hospital Topics: Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 19-25.
Seismicity, faulting, and geophysical anomalies in Nemaha County, Kansas: Relationship to regional structures

Several of the historical earthquakes in Kansas are believed to be associated with the Nemaha ridge, a buried mountain range that trends south from near Omaha, Nebraska, through Kansas to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The ridge is composed of Precambrian granitic rocks. Recent microearthquake locations and additional historical records indicate that the larger historical epicenters may be associated with the Humboldt fault zone, which forms the eastern boundary of the Nemaha ridge. New geological mapping and geophysical studies reported here indicate that the Humboldt fault breaks the surface through Permian rocks. Gravity and aeromagnetic data indicate that the Humboldt fault may be a complex zone of faulting rather than a single Precambrian structure as previously interpreted. A new interpretation of the Precambrian surface emphasizing the faulting complexity based on previously unavailable geophysical, remote sensing, and subsurface well data is presented here.
The dynamics and control of large space structures after the onset of thermal shock

Abstract This paper considers the problem of predicting the open and closed loop dynamics of large space structures after the onset of thermal shock. The thermal gradients induced in space structures due to solar radiation heating result in thermal deformations. The temperature gradient time history, the related thermal deflection response, the moments acting on a thermally deflected beam, and the control effort required for different combinations of solar incidence angles and material properties are considered in this investigation. The analysis is performed for structures which are nominally inertially stabilized as well as gravity stabilized. For the case of basic orbiting structural elements, such as a free-free plate (modelled as a beam in-plane), depending on the orientation, and required pointing accuracy, it may be necessary to redesign control algorithms previously developed for models which exclude the thermal shock effects.
NMR determination of hydrogen distribution in metals

Abstract A calculation is given which shows how the NMR absorption can be used to monitor the time dependent diffusion of hydrogen gas into a metal. The result is given in the form of the deviation of the absorption from that of a homogeneous distribution of hydrogen. The calculation is made by solving Maxwell's Equations with a susceptibility derived from the time dependent solution of the diffusion equation.
The Temporalist Harp: Henri Bergson and Twentieth-Century Musical Innovation

The twentieth century was a time of dramatic change in the structure, language, and aesthetic purpose of music. Numerous factors came together that led the musical avant-garde toward new artistic paths such as atonality and aleatoricism (use of chance elements) in music, and a shift in the idea of what music should portray away from beauty toward truth, or from idealized to actualized. If the arts are a reflection of the philosophical and aesthetic spirit of the times, then an examination of prominent philosophical and aesthetic regimes of the time should reveal changes that facilitated the aesthetic and artistic innovations of the era. This article will examine the relationship between the philosophical and aesthetic writings of Henri Bergson and the affinities, and in some cases influences, they had on the development of two of the major musical innovations of the twentieth century. Specifically, Arnold Schoenberg's development of atonal compositional technique results partially from Bergson's focus on ...
The role of development in plant phylogeny: A paleobotanical perspective

Abstract This paper explores the potential role of developmental changes in the macroevolution of vascular plants. The discussion is focused on an explanation of the concept of heterochrony, on factors that render it compatible with and/or supplementary to classical neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory, on the plausibility that it has had a significant evolutionary role, and on procedures for recognizing the occurrence of heterochrony from the fossil record of vascular plants. The ovulate stalks of Ginkgo biloba and growth architecture in Streptocarpus demonstrate that major structural variations can occur among closely-related individuals as the result of divergent developmental pathways. The possibility that the Coniferales had a heterochronic origin is explored as an example of how evolutionary hypotheses may be formulated from the fossil record of plants. Indirect tests utilizing the methodology of phylogenetic systematics also are included.