cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in North American adults with moyamoya

Object Moyamoya disease/syndrome (MMD/S) is a progressive, occlusive vasculopathy of the intracranial vasculature that leads to ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Significant debate exists regarding the role of indirect cerebrovascular bypass surgery in its management. The authors review their institution's experience with indirect bypass in the surgical management of patients with MMD/S. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients with MMD/S who underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), a form of indirect bypass, from 1996 to 2013. Results A total of 37 patients (52 hemispheres) underwent an EDAS procedure for MMD/S; 21 patients received revascularization of both hemispheres. Patients presented with the following: 49% with stroke, 35% with transient ischemic attack, 13% with hemorrhage, and 3% with seizure. The mean Suzuki grade was 3.46. The number of patients with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 improved from 21 to 29 (p = 0.002) from the time of surgery to the time of ...
Scale-hierarchical 3D object recognition in cluttered scenes

3D object recognition in scenes with occlusion and clutter is a difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a method that exploits the geometric scale-variability to aid in this task. Our key insight is to leverage the rich discriminative information provided by the scale variation of local geometric structures to constrain the massive search space of potential correspondences between model and scene points. In particular, we exploit the geometric scale variability in the form of the intrinsic geometric scale of each computed feature, the hierarchy induced within the set of these intrinsic geometric scales, and the discriminative power of the local scale-dependent/invariant 3D shape descriptors. The method exploits the added information in a hierarchical coarse-to-fine manner that lets it cull the space of all potential correspondences effectively. We experimentally evaluate the accuracy of our method on an extensive set of real scenes with varying amounts of partial occlusion and achieve recognition rates higher than the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, for the first time we systematically demonstrate the method's ability to accurately localize objects despite changes in their global scales.
Final State Interactions in the Decays of Charmed Mesons

Decays of (charmed) $D$ mesons into two pseudoscalars are considered, with emphasis on final-state interactions. Uncertainties in the determination of final-state-interaction corrections that arise from theoretical ambiguities, and from incomplete meson-meson scattering data are discussed. Corrections for $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\overline{K}K$, and $\overline{K}\ensuremath{\pi}$ final states are evaluated. It is concluded that a quark-spectator model with final-state interactions cannot explain all of the unexpected rates for two-body decays of charmed pseudoscalars.
A hybrid genetic algorithm approach for backbone design of communication networks

The paper presents a hybrid approach of a genetic algorithm (GA) and local search algorithms for the backbone design of communication networks. The backbone network design problem is defined as finding the network topology minimizing the design/operating cost of a network under performance and survivability considerations. This problem is known to be NP-hard. In the hybrid approach, the local search algorithm efficiently improves the solutions in the population by using domain-specific information while the GA recombines good solutions in order to investigate different regions of the solution space. The results of the test problems show that the hybrid methodology improves upon previous approaches.
Three dimensional CT of central lung tumors.

Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstructions and conventionai CT were compared with surgicaiipathological jindings in seven patients with centraf lung tumors, in order to assess accuracy in predicting the lobectomylpneumonectomy decision. Although conventional CT surpassed 3D CT in diagnosing bronchial tumor invasion, 30 CT appeared to be better for central arterial invasion. Despite problems due to motion effects, partial volume averaging and the time consuming nature of the reconstruction process, 3D CT is probably useful in this setting and promises to have similar applications throughout the body.
The Voice of Wisdom New Insights on Social Impressions of Aging Voices

To understand better how age-related physical qualities affect age stereotyping, this research investigated the social judgments young adult listeners make when they hear the voices of younger, middle-aged, and older adult speakers. Ninety-six listeners judged 24 speakers (22-79 years in age) reading a content-neutral passage. The listeners rated each speaker on scales reflecting character traits, vocal characteristics, and social affordances. Consistent with traditional age stereotypes, listeners judged older speakers to be less powerful and less engaged than younger speakers. However, even stronger than these negative impressions were positive impressions of older speakers’ greater wisdom, which were associated with distinct age-related vocal qualities. Moreover, although listeners indicated a desire to avoid interactions with older speakers, they acknowledged them as good storytellers. The positive impressions of older speakers are interpreted within an evolutionary-ecological perspective, suggesting t...
Myristoylation Is Required for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag-Gag Multimerization in Mammalian Cells

The Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 directs the virion assembly process. Gag proteins must extensively multimerize during the formation of the spherical immature virion shell. In vitro, virus-like particles can be generated from Gag proteins that lack the N-terminal myristic acid modification or the nucleocapsid (NC) protein. The precise requirements for Gag-Gag multimerization under conditions present in mammalian cells, however, have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a Gag-Gag multimerization assay measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer was employed to define the Gag domains that are essential for homomultimerization. Three essential components were identified: protein-protein interactions contributed by residues within both the N- and C-terminal domains of capsid (CA), basic residues in NC, and the presence of myristic acid. The requirement of myristic acid for multimerization was reproduced using the heterologous myristoylation sequence from v-src. Only when a leucine zipper dimerization motif was placed in the position of NC was a nonmyristoylated Gag protein able to multimerize. These results support a three-component model for Gag-Gag multimerization that includes membrane interactions mediated by the myristoylated N terminus of Gag, protein-protein interactions between CA domains, and NC-RNA interactions.
Effect of Diet Quality on Nutrient Allocation to the Test and Aristotle's Lantern in the Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus (LAMARCK, 1816)

Small, adult (19.50 ± 2.01g wet weight) Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) were fed 8 formulated diets with different protein (12–36% dry weight as fed) and carbohydrate (21–39% dry weight) levels. Each sea urchin (n = 8 per treatment) was fed a daily ration of 1.5% of the average body weight of all individuals for 9 wk. Akaike information criterion (AIC) scores were used to compare 6 different dietary composition hypotheses for 8 growth measurements. For each physical growth response, different mathematical models representing a priori hypotheses were compared using the AIC score. The AIC is one of many information—theoretical approaches that allows for direct comparison of nonnested models with varying numbers of parameters. Dietary protein level and protein:energy ratio were the best models for prediction of test diameter increase. Dietary protein level was the best model of test with spines wet weight gain and test with spines dry matter production. When the Aristotle's lantern was corrected for size of the test, there was an inverse relationship with dietary protein level. Log-transformed lantern to test with spines index was also best associated with the dietary protein model. Dietary carbohydrate level was a poor predictor for growth parameters. However, the protein × carbohydrate interaction model was the best model of organic content (percent dry weight) of the test without spines. These data suggest that there is a differential allocation of resources when dietary protein is limiting and the test, but not the Aristotle's lantern, is affected by availability of dietary nutrients.
Control of Mitochondrial Transcription Specificity Factors (TFB1M and TFB2M) by Nuclear Respiratory Factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2) and PGC-1 Family Coactivators

In vertebrates, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription is initiated bidirectionally from closely spaced promoters, HSP and LSP, within the D-loop regulatory region. Early studies demonstrated that mtDNA transcription requires mitochondrial RNA polymerase and Tfam, a DNA binding stimulatory factor that is required for mtDNA maintenance. Recently, mitochondrial transcription specificity factors (TFB1M and TFB2M), which markedly enhance mtDNA transcription in the presence of Tfam and mitochondrial RNA polymerase, have been identified in mammalian cells. Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1α and PRC. The physiological induction of these coactivators has been associated with the integration of NRFs and other transcription factors in a program of mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that the TFB genes are up-regulated along with Tfam and either PGC-1α or PRC in cellular systems where mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. Moreover, ectopic expression of PGC-1α is sufficient to induce the coordinate expression of all three nucleus-encoded mitochondrial transcription factors along with nuclear and mitochondrial respiratory subunits. These results support the conclusion that the coordinate regulation of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial transcription factors by NRFs and PGC-1 family coactivators is essential to the control of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Indocyanine green effect on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: implication for macular hole surgery.

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate potential toxic effects of indocyanine green dye on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: Controlled laboratory experiment. Cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells were exposed to balanced saline solution, balanced saline solution with endoillumination, indocyanine green or indocyanine green with endoillumination. Cells were evaluated by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and a mitochondrial dehydrogenase assay. RESULTS: Retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to indocyanine green showed no histologic or ultrastructural changes. Those exposed to indocyanine green alone or indocyanine green plus light demonstrated a significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activity ( P = 0.0002 and 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: Brief exposure of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells to indocyanine green results in decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity but does not appear to influence cellular morphology or ultrastructure.
Pion and Kaon electromagnetic masses in chiral perturbation theory

We examine the electromagnetic self-energies of the ground-state mesons in chiral perturbation theory about SU(2) x SU(2) and SU(3) x SU(3), to leading order in the electromagnetic interaction. If epsilon is a measure of chiral breaking, then the leading-order corrections to the ground-state meson level splitting relative to the symmetry limit is epsilon ln epsilon . For the pion electromagnetic-mass difference expanded around the chiral SU(2) x SU(2) limit, all terms of O( mu /sub pi //sup 2/in mu /s ub pi /sup 2/) are calculated and are found to give only a 12% correction. For chiral SU(3) x SU(3) one has Dashen's sum rule mu /sub pi +/sup 2/ -- mu /sub pi o//sup 2/ = mu /sub K+// sup 2/-- mu /sub Ko//sup 2/ in the symmetry limit. We explicitly calculate the leading correction to the symmetry limit and find that it is larger than the symmetric term, establishing the breakdown of chiral SU(3) x SU(3) perturbation theory in this application and the assumption on which the Dashen sum rule was based. We conjecture that these remarks are valid in the context of gauge models and suggest that the power-series expansions in alpha = fine-structure constant can failmore » in some gauge models, there being terms of the form alpha ln alpha .« less
A simulation study of hybrid electric Hummer H3: effects of drive train hybridization on performance and fuel economy

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance and efficiency improvements of sports utility vehicles (SUVs) after hybridization. For this purpose, the model vehicle chosen was the Hummer H3. We modeled the vehicle using the Hummer H3 parameters and named this a representative Hummer H3. The modeling software that was used for this purpose was ADVISOR (advance vehicle simulator) and Matlab.
Analysis of cache invalidation patterns in multiprocessors

To make shared-memory multiprocessors scalable, researchers are now exploring cache coherence protocols that do not rely on broadcast, but instead send invalidation messages to individual caches that contain stale data. The feasibility of such directory-based protocols is highly sensitive to the cache invalidation patterns that parallel programs exhibit. In this paper, we analyze the cache invalidation patterns caused by several parallel applications and investigate the effect of these patterns on a directory-based protocol. Our results are based on multiprocessor traces with 4, 8 and 16 processors. To gain insight into what the invalidation patterns would look like beyond 16 processors, we propose a classification scheme for data objects found in parallel applications and link the invalidation traffic patterns observed in the traces back to these high-level objects. Our results show that synchronization objects have very different invalidation patterns from those of other data objects. A write reference to a synchronization object usually causes invalidations in many more caches. We point out situations where restructuring the application seems appropriate to reduce the invalidation traffic, and others where hardware support is more appropriate. Our results also show that it should be possible to scale “well-written” parallel programs to a large number of processors without an explosion in invalidation traffic.
Carrier mobility in MOSFETs fabricated with Hf-Si-O-N gate dielectric, polysilicon gate electrode, and self-aligned source and drain

A study of electron and hole mobilities for MOSFET devices fabricated with Hf-Si-O-N gate dielectric, polysilicon gate electrodes and self-aligned source and drain is presented. High effective electron and hole mobilities, 250 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s and 70 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s, respectively, were measured at high effective field (>0.5 MV/cm). The NMOSFETs have an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.3 nm and the PMOSFETs have an EOT of 1.5 nm. The effect of interface engineering on the electron and hole mobilities is discussed.
Quantitative subcellular secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging of boron-10 and boron-11 isotopes in the same cell delivered by two combined BNCT drugs: in vitro studies on human glioblastoma T98G cells.

Abstract Chandra, S., Lorey, D. R., II and Smith, D. R. Quantitative Subcellular Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Imaging of Boron-10 and Boron-11 Isotopes in the Same Cell Delivered by Two Combined BNCT Drugs: In Vitro Studies on Human Glioblastoma T98G Cells. Radiat. Res. 157, 700–710 (2002). Ion microscopy was used for subcellular quantitative imaging of the isotopes 10B and 11B in the same cell to evaluate boron delivery using a mixture of two neutron capture therapy drugs, p-boronophenylalanine-fructose (BPA-F) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). The application of 10B-labeled BPA-F and 11B-labeled BSH allowed independent imaging of both 10B and 11B in the same cell using a CAMECA IMS-3f ion microscope. Mixed-drug treatments were compared to single-drug exposures given under identical conditions. 10BPA-F delivered 10B heterogeneously to T98G human glioblastoma cells, with a significantly reduced concentration in an organelle-rich perinuclear region. The intracellular distribution of 11B from 11BSH co...
Dysphagia in Stroke

The development of oropharyngeal dysphagia following stroke can lead to serious pulmonary complications. The Bedside Swallow Evaluation and Modified Barium Swallow are examples of assessments of oropharyngeal swallowing function that are completed by a Speech-Language Pathologist. Therapeutic interventions and diet modifications are utilized to decrease aspiration risk in patients who have had a stroke.
B. F. Skinner at 100: A Selection of Quotations

The May 2004 meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis featured a centennial celebration for B. F. Skinner (1904–1990) during which favorite Skinner quotations were presented and discussed. This paper lists and provides some context for 101 quotations from his work, including some relevant others along with those that were presented at the meeting.
Characterization of dissolved organic material in the interstitial brine of Lake Vida, Antarctica

Lake Vida (LV) is located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Victoria Valley, East Antarctica) and has no inflows, outflows, or connectivity to the atmosphere due to a thick (16 m), turbid ice surface and cold (<−20 °C) subsurface alluvium surrounding the lake. The liquid portion of LV has a salinity about seven times that of seawater and is entrained in ice and sediment below the ice cap. This subzero (−13.4 °C), anoxic brine supports a microbial community, which has low levels of activity and has been isolated from the atmosphere for at least 2800 14C years before present. The brine has high dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC; 580 mg-C L−1 or greater); the study of which provides a unique opportunity to better understand biological and/or abiotic processes taking place in an isolated saline ecosystem with no external inputs. We isolated two sub-fractions of LV dissolved organic matter (DOM) by chemical separation using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins in series. This separation was followed by physical separation using ultrafiltration to isolate a higher molecular weight (HMW) fraction that was retained by the membrane and a salty, dilute low molecular weight fraction. This analytical path resulted in three, low salt sub-fractions and allowed comparison to other Antarctic lake DOM samples isolated using similar procedures. Compared to other Antarctic lakes, a lower portion of the DOC was retained by XAD-8 (∼10% vs. 16–24%) resin, while the portions retained by XAD-4 (∼8%) resin and the 1 kDa ultrafiltration membrane (∼50%) were similar. The 14C radiocarbon ages of the XAD-8 (mean 3940 ybp), XAD-4 (mean 4048 ybp) and HMW (mean 3270 ybp) fractions are all older than the apparent age of ice-cover formation (2800 ybp). Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry showed that compounds with two and three nitrogen atoms in the molecular formulas were common in both the LV-XAD8 and LV-XAD4 fractions, consistent with microbial production and processing. The long-term oxidation of LVBr DOM by abiotic oxidants including perchlorate and chlorate may explain the low portion in the XAD8 fraction and the lack of aromatic carbon, as measured by 13C NMR spectroscopy, found for all but the most hydrophobic fraction, LV-XAD8. Overall, the chemical characteristics of Lake Vida brine DOM suggest that legacy DOM sealed and concentrated within the brine has been altered due to a combination of both biological and abiotic chemical reactions.
Color test to measure the toxicity of adrenal cortex hormones to lymphocytes.

SummarySuspensions of living lymphocytes decolorize the oxidation-reduction indicator, 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol. This reduction was inhibited by the cytotoxic agents, lipo-adrenal cortex, cortisone, nitrogen mustard and x-rays but was not affected by desoxycorticosterone. The method was used to titrate lipo-adrenal cortex, the titer being .00,08 rat unit. This color test seemed to be a convenient method for demonstrating and measuring the toxicity of the adrenal cortex hormones to lymphocytes.
Development of temperature regulation in nestling tree swallows

BLAKE, E. R. 1977. Manual of neotropical birds. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. CHERRIE, G. K. 1916. A contribution to the ornithology of the Orinoco region. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Science Bulletin 2:133-374. HANCOCK, J., AND H. ELLIOT. 1978. The herons of the world. Harper & Row, New York. HAVERSCHMIDT, F. 1968. Birds of Surinam. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh. MEYER, DE SCHAUENSEE, R., AND W. H. PHELPS. 1978. A guide to the birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. O'NEILL, J. P. 1969. Distributional notes on the birds of Peru, including twelve species previously unreported from the republic. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. La. State Univ. 37.
Effects of Kanamycin Administration to Poultry on the Proliferation of Drug-Resistant Salmonella

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between antibiotic administration to poultry and the in vivo proliferation of Salmonellae. The frequency of isolation of drug-resistant transconjugant S. arizonae from the livers of chicks inoculated per os with multiply drug-resistant Escherichia coli and drug-sensitive S. arizonae was directly related to the concentration of kanamycin administered to the chicks in their drinking water. Kanamycin administration was also associated with a significant (P
Using wrappers to simplify task parallel programming

Teaching parallel programming principles to inexperienced students is challenging because they have difficulty identifying and focusing on the key ideas. With this in mind, we present a simplified interface for the executor framework built into Java. The interface hides configuration choices and complicated features, leaving students with a simple work queue into which they can insert tasks. We also evaluate our interface with a visually-interesting sample problem (heat diffusion), which we provide as a sample assignment.
Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action and the Failed Attempt to Square a Circle

The question presented to the Supreme Court in Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action is, “Whether a state violates the Equal Protection Clause by amending its constitution to prohibit race- and sex-based discrimination or preferential treatment in public-university admissions decisions.” Given that the Supreme Court barely tolerates affirmative action preferences, it is exceedingly unlikely to endorse a lower court ruling that overturns a state ban on them.Nevertheless, it is worth examining the reasoning of the Sixth Circuit's decision in Schuette, because it exemplifies many interesting nuances regarding the debate over the constitutionality of affirmative action preferences, nuances that were mostly ignored in the dissenting opinions. Judge Cole's opinion demonstrates (1) that despite decades of jurisprudence permitting state university affirmative action preferences only if used for “diversity” purposes, its legal advocates, including federal judges, still act under the assumption that the purpose of preferences is to benefit students who are members of underrepresented minority groups; (2) some affirmative action advocates cling to an obsolete model of American politics that posits that African Americans and members of other minority groups lack any substantial political power; (3) some affirmative action advocates tend to discuss the issue as if the only groups affected are African Americans and whites, neglecting both that Asian Americans tend to be harmed by university admissions' preferences, and that African Americans are a shrinking minority of those eligible for preferences, with Hispanics a significantly larger and faster-growing demographic group; and (4) affirmative action advocates tend to be dismissive of the claim that race is different and more problematic than other criteria that university officials may consider in admissions, for moral, historical, and practical reasons. While not unassailable, these reasons seem to provide a significant non-arbitrary rationale for state voters to ban official reliance on race and ethnicity.
Status analysis and countermeasures about system construction of Liaocheng City disease control and prevention

To complete control of Liaocheng City construction of a system for disease control and prevention,analysis of the existing problems,and control system to accelerate the construction and development of policies and measures.We choose four county-level disease control and prevention.Including Dongchangfu District,shenxian Country,Yanggu Country,Gaotang Country and eight preventive health institutions township hospitals townships in Liaocheng City,construction of a system for disease control and prevention conducted a special investigation.After investigation we found the following problems.First,the disease prevention and control situation is very grim,health hazard factors have increased the crowd,disease control faced with enormous challenges.Second,the equipment in disease control and prevention is outdated,disease control team structure is irrational,professional quality needs to be raised,and there is a serious shortage of financial investment and funds.Third,improving and strengthening the construction of a system of disease prevention and control task is very urgent.Therefore,we should gradually establish a government investment as the mainstay of the construction of a system of disease control and prevention and long-term mechanism.We should conscientiously implement "a four-subsidy" policy,strengthening the rural grassroots preventive functions.More need to strengthen management,in order to improve the structure.We should explore the establishment of the municipal manpower disease prevention and control system,Improving public health emergencies and the ability to deal with the emergency.
Altruistic and Anomic Suicide: A Durkheimian Analysis of Palestinian Suicide Bombers

In the past two decades, suicide terrorism in its different forms has become a popular topic of research and debate. It has contributed to a different sense of normalcy and regularity in various societies across the world given that suicide bombings are relatively inexpensive and effective, compared with other kinds of terrorist methods. This study primarily focuses on suicide bombings in the Palestinian/Israeli territories, an area that has experienced conflict and tension for over six decades. In doing so, the research study uses Durkheim’s typology of suicide as a theoretical framework to trace the history of suicide bombings in the Palestinian/Israeli territories, outline the characteristics of suicide bombers, their motivations, and how suicide bombings have been used as a form of resistance to occupation. The data collected cover suicide bombings that have occurred from April 1994 to February 2008. The research study uses logistic regression to examine the characteristics of the suicide bombers and their attacks. The results show, among other things, that the attacks possess elements of both altruistic and anomic types of suicide in the Durkheimian sense of the word.
Epilogue: The Boundaries of Big Business

I do not find foreign countries foreign. – Alfred M. Zeien, Chairman, Gillette Company I n one respect at least the economic hothouse suc ceeded all too well. It laid the foundation not only for the domination of American life by business but also for the rise of a culture with an amazing, irresistible tendency to transform every single aspect of American life first into a business and then into a larger business. No institution, activity, or value has escaped this relentless organizing into some form of commerce. Some of the most obvious examples include the arts, politics, religion, education, sports, sex, media, entertainment, the family, childhood, and, of course, history. Commercialization rolled like a tsunami into every corner of American life, propelled largely by the continued pressure exerted by the forces discussed earlier: organization, technological innovation, advertising, and the relentless energy of entrepreneurs. The scale and scope of enterprises grow ever larger and now embrace the globe as easily as once they did regional markets. In the economy produced by the economic hothouse, it was only natural for companies to seek new markets in every corner of the world. As the competitive arena expanded from national to global realms, firms found themselves dealing on a level that transcended their old loyalties and identities. The rise of multinational corporations signaled the emergence of a new economic order grounded in markets that defied older strictures and limitations.
The Theory of Electromagnetic Interaction of Dressed Charges

The theory of dressed charges in many respects is similar to the theory of balanced charges developed in previous chapters. The difference is in the presence of the electromagnetic self-interaction which is absent in balanced charges. Here we show that in macroscopic regimes this difference is negligible, whereas at atomic scales balanced charges better describe Hydrogen spectrum.
Telomere dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cells causes lung remodeling and fibrosis

Telomeres are short in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Whether dysfunctional telomeres contribute directly to development of lung fibrosis remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether telomere dysfunction in type II AECs, mediated by deletion of the telomere shelterin protein TRF1, leads to pulmonary fibrosis in mice (SPC-Cre TRF1fl/fl mice). Deletion of TRF1 in type II AECs for 2 weeks increased γH2AX DNA damage foci, but not histopathologic changes in the lung. Deletion of TRF1 in type II AECs for up to 9 months resulted in short telomeres and lung remodeling characterized by increased numbers of type II AECs, α-smooth muscle actin+ mesenchymal cells, collagen deposition, and accumulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase+ lung epithelial cells. Deletion of TRF1 in collagen-expressing cells caused pulmonary edema, but not fibrosis. These results demonstrate that prolonged telomere dysfunction in type II AECs, but not collagen-expressing cells, leads to age-dependent lung remodeling and fibrosis. We conclude that telomere dysfunction in type II AECs is sufficient to cause lung fibrosis, and may be a dominant molecular defect causing IPF. SPC-Cre TRF1fl/fl mice will be useful for assessing cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung fibrosis mediated by telomere dysfunction.
GvHD-free, relapse-free survival after reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in older patients with myeloid malignancies

GvHD-free, relapse-free survival after reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in older patients with myeloid malignancies
An Efficacy Examination and Constitutional Critique of School Shaming

Across the country, K-12 schools, teachers, and administrators are inflicting shaming punishments upon students for noncompliance or suspicion of noncompliance with school or classroom administrative policies. These in-school shaming punishments are designed to punish behavior by making an example of the noncompliant student in front of his or her peers, teachers, or administrators. Rather than removing the child from school grounds, these shaming punishments shine a bright light upon the offending student and his or her conduct while keeping the student within the schoolhouse gate. While there has been a significant amount of legal scholarship dedicated to the clearly detrimental effects of exclusionary punishment and corporal punishment, there has been almost no critical analysis of shaming punishments in schools. The aim of this Article is to fill this void by outlining the inefficacy and harm of shaming punishments and by advocating for their cessation through a constitutional lens. It argues that punitive school shaming discipline results in constitutional violations of students’ First and Fourth Amendment rights, which should give rise to liability in 42 U.S.C. § 1983 lawsuits. Therefore, schools and their employees should no longer impose shaming punishments and should instead use more beneficial consequential alternatives to address student conduct that can restore respect, rather than exacerbate stigma, among all school constituencies.
Social networking sites versus professional networking sites: Perceptions of hospitality students

ABSTRACTCollege age students make up the largest segment of social networking populations, with 75% of adults between the ages of 18 and 24 participating to some degree. Previous research has shown that people are often exposed to social networking sites during their college years. This study examines hospitality students' perceived benefits and drawbacks of social networking sites versus professional networking sites. The sample consisted of students in undergraduate hospitality classes. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression methods were utilized. This study found that Facebook was perceived to have no significant benefits and several drawbacks; whereas LinkedIn was found to have several significant benefits and no drawbacks. Implications are provided for the hospitality industry, as well as for business, human resources, and education.
Progress with High Density Polarized 3He Targets

High density polarized 3He targets have, in the last year, been employed in actual nuclear physics measurements at TRIUMF and at MIT-Bates. These measurements have shown the technical feasibility of two different techniques to produce targets and begin to provide experimental study of the spin structure of the 3He nucleus important to efforts poised to study the structure of the neutron in quasi-elastic and deep inelastic scattering. One target, based on spin exchange with optically pumped Rb atoms has produced a target of length 4 to 8 cm and density of 1-3x1020 3 He/cm3 with polarization up to 60% and has been used in a 7 µa electron beam and a 20 na proton beam. The other technology, based on metastability exchange with optically pumped metastable 23S1 3He atoms has produced a target with up to 30% polarization in a 11 µa electron beam with a length of 10 cm and density of 4x1018 3He/cm3.
Aortoiliac Angioplasty and Stenting

Aortoiliac occlusive disease often presents as hip, buttock, or thigh claudication. Diminished or absent femoral pulses as well as impotence in men may also be noted. This constellation of findings is known as the “Leriche Syndrome.”
Monte Carlo Renormalization Group and the Three Dimensional Ising Model

Precise computations of critical properties of the three dimensional Ising model are available from computations on the ICL DAP (Edinburgh) and the Santa Barbara Ising processor. The computations however are not complete because they do not include reliable information on the correction to scaling exponent. The Monte Carlo Renormalization group is used in the Scottish computations; finite size scaling is used at Santa Barbara. The ideas behind the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group are explained, along with an analysis of the errors involved, to the extent they are presently known.
Selective gene dependencies in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma include the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry.

Childhood high-risk neuroblastomas with MYCN gene amplification are difficult to treat effectively1. This has focused attention on tumor-specific gene dependencies that underlie tumorigenesis and thus provide valuable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Using unbiased genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 approaches to detect genes involved in tumor cell growth and survival2–6, we identified 147 candidate gene dependencies selective for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines, compared to over 300 other human cancer cell lines. We then used genome-wide chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing analysis to demonstrate that a small number of essential transcription factors—MYCN, HAND2, ISL1, PHOX2B, GATA3, and TBX2—are members of the transcriptional core regulatory circuitry (CRC) that maintains cell state in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. To disable the CRC, we tested a combination of BRD4 and CDK7 inhibitors, which act synergistically, in vitro and in vivo, with rapid downregulation of CRC transcription factor gene expression. This study defines a set of critical dependency genes in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma that are essential for cell state and survival in this tumor. This study identifies a set of critical dependency genes in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma that make up the oncogenic transcriptional regulatory circuitry underlying cell state and tumor survival.
Thick Epsilon-Near-Zero ITO Metamaterial Films

e- and μ-near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial has been demonstrated for unconventional tailoring and manipulation of the light-matter interaction. Therefore, it provides a platform for new optoelectronic devices having desirable properties and functionalities. In this paper, we studied several ITO films with different thickness and annealing process to explore the possibility to develop a host EMNZ metamaterial for a new type of optoelectronic devices that is environmental insensitive. We have characterized these ITO films with ellispsometry study, X-ray diffraction, TEM and SIMS, etc. The results indicated that a thicker self-assembled annealed ITO film has a no uniform permittivity (e) which varies from a negative to a positive value from the substrate to the top surface. In order to make the ITO metamaterial useful, we studied the method to produce a thicker than 1.5µm ITO with e-near-zero (ENZ) and slight negative condition. The goal is to develop an ENZ metamaterial process that is compatible for Si-based integrated optoelectronic platform.
Treatment delays in surgically managed sinonasal cancer and association with survival.

Objective To characterize treatment delays in sinonasal cancer managed with surgery and adjuvant radiation and determine the associated impact on survival. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We identified adults in the National Cancer Database treated for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma with definitive surgery followed by adjuvant radiation from 2004 to 2014. We then examined intervals of diagnosis to surgery (DTS), surgery to radiation (SRT), and radiation duration (RTD). Next, we performed recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to identify thresholds for these treatment intervals that estimated the greatest differences in survival. We determined the association of treatment delay with overall survival using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among 2,267 patients included, median durations of DTS, SRT, and RTD were 32, 49, and 47 days, respectively. Predictors of treatment delay included care transitions, black race, and Medicare insurance. We identified thresholds of 26, 64, and 51 days for DTS, SRT, and RTD, respectively, as estimating the largest survival differences. Delays in SRT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.40), and RTD (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.10-1.46) beyond these thresholds independently predicted mortality. Delay in DTS beyond the RPA-derived threshold was not significantly associated with mortality after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion Delays in SRT and RTD intervals are associated with decreased overall survival. Median durations may serve as national benchmarks. Treatment delays could be considered quality indicators for sinonasal cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:2-11, 2020.
Explorations on the asymmetric total synthesis of isoschizogamine

Two approaches to the synthesis of isoschizogamine were reported. Both routes utilized an efficient aza-Claisen rearrangement to establish the absolute stereochemistry of the all-carbon quaternary center in the natural product. In the first approach, a highly diastereoselective (10:1) hetero-Diels-Alder reaction was utilized to reach a densely functionalized tetrahydroquinoline derivative as an advanced intermediate to the targeted alkaloid. An acylamidine intermediate was prepared and studied in the intramolecular cyclization reaction under acidic conditions in our second approach.
Origin and Mechanisms of DNA Methylation Dynamics in Cancers

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark in the heritable regulation of gene expression, with important roles in normal development and disease. Genomewide alterations in DNA methylation patterns are universal feature across cancers. Studies in the last few years have shown that similar alterations occur during various normal physiological processes, such as aging. Understanding mechanisms involved in DNA methylation alterations is critical for understanding cancer etiology. In this chapter, we discuss recent work on the nature of the genomic region-specific DNA methylation alterations, its functional implications, and the mechanisms underlying these alterations.
Voting for Victors: Why Violent Actors Win Postwar Elections

Why do citizens elect political actors who have perpetrated violence against the civilian population? Despite their use of atrocities, political parties with deep roots in the belligerent organizations of the past win postwar democratic elections in countries around the world. This article uses new, cross-national data on postwar elections globally between 1970 and 2010, as well as voting, survey, archival, and interview data from El Salvador. It finds that belligerents’ varied electoral success after wars can be explained not by their wartime levels of violence or use of electoral coercion, but by the distribution of military power at the end of conflict. It argues that militarily stronger belligerents are able to claim credit for peace, which translates into a reputation for competence on the provision of security. This enables them to own the security valence issue, which tends to crosscut cleavages, and to appeal to swing voters. The stronger belligerents’ provision of security serves to offset and justify their use of atrocities, rendering their election rational. This article sheds light on political life after episodes of violence. It also contributes to understanding security voting and offers insights into why people vote in seemingly counterintuitive ways.
Amazon Inventory Reconciliation Using AI

Inventory management is critical to Amazon’s success. Thus, the need arises to apply artificial intelligence to assure the correctness of deliveries. The paper evaluates Convolutional Neural Networks for inventory reconciliation. The network detects the the number of items being carried, relying only on a photo of the bin. Convolutional performance is evaluated against Support Vector Machines, both non-linear and linear. Our Convolutional method performed over 3x better than random, and over 75% better than our best Support Vector classifier.
Aggressive Multimodal Treatment and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Survival

Background We aimed to assess patient and demographic factors, treatment trends, and survival outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer with metastasis to the liver, lung, or both sites. Differences remain among national guidelines about the optimal management strategy. Methods Adults from the National Cancer Database (2010 to 2015) with a primary diagnosis of colorectal liver, lung, or liver and lung metastases were included and stratified by metastasis site. The primary end point was 5-year overall survival, analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Among 82,609 included patients, 70.42% had liver, 8.74% had lung, and 20.85% had simultaneous liver and lung metastases. Treatment with chemotherapy alone was used the most (21.11%), followed by chemotherapy with colorectal radical resection (CRRR) (19.4%), no treatment (14.35%), CRRR alone (9.03%), and chemotherapy with CRRR and liver/lung resection (8.22%). Patients with lung metastasis had significantly better 5-year overall survival rates than the other 2 metastatic groups (15.99%, 16.70%, and 5.51%; p Conclusions Patients with metastasis to lung had increased overall survival compared with other sites of metastases, regardless of treatment modality. Combined resection of primary tumor, metastasectomy, and chemotherapy appears to offer the greatest chance of survival.
The body of Milan in Gabriele Basilico and Michelangelo Antonioni

Gabriele Basilico and Michelangelo Antonioni shared an interest in urban landscape and each developed a distinct aesthetics inspired by this constant dialogue with architecture and urban spatial fo...
Cardiology Practice and Training Post-COVID-19: Achieving "Normalcy" After Disruption.

Living through the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the sentinel medical event in most of our professional lives. In the hot spots across America, cardiologists and trainees are deeply immersed working closely with physicians of all specialties as COVID providers. Even in less
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and weight gain following switch to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with excess weight gain in some adults, which may be influenced by genetic factors. We assessed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and weight gain following switch to INSTI-based ART. METHODS All AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5001 and A5322 participants with mtDNA genotyping who switched to INSTI were included. mtDNA haplogroups were derived from prior genotyping algorithms. Race/ethnicity-stratified piecewise linear mixed effects models assessed the relationship between mtDNA haplogroup and weight change slope differences before and after switch to INSTI. RESULTS A total of 291 adults switched to INSTI: 78% male, 50% non-Hispanic White, 28% non-Hispanic Black, and 22% Hispanic. The most common European haplogroups were H [n = 66 (45%)] and UK [32 (22%)]. Non-H European haplogroups had a significant increase in weight slope after the switch. This difference was greatest among non-H clade UK on INSTI-based regimens that included tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) [3.67 (95% confidence interval 1.12, 6.21) kg/year; P = 0.005]. Although small sample size limited analyses among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic persons, similarly significant weight gain was seen among the most common African haplogroup, L3 [n = 29 (39%); slope difference 4.93 (1.54, 8.32) kg/year, P = 0.005], after switching to TAF-containing INSTI-based ART. CONCLUSION Those in European mtDNA haplogroup clade UK and African haplogroup L3 had significantly greater weight gain after switching to INSTI-based ART, especially those receiving TAF. Additional studies in large and diverse populations are needed to clarify the mechanisms and host risk factors for weight gain after switching to INSTI-based ART, with and without TAF.