cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmentally Inspired Approach to Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Structural organization of articular cartilage is rooted in the arrangement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into morphologically distinct zones during embryogenesis as a result of spatiotemporal gradients in biochemical, mechanical, and cellular factors that direct the formation of stratified structure of articular cartilage. These gradients are central to the function of cartilage as an articulating surface. Strategies that mimic zonal organization of articular cartilage are more likely to create an engineered tissue with more effective clinical outcome. The objective of this work was to measure the expression of human MSCs encapsulated in engineered gels that simulate stiffness of the superficial, middle and calcified zones of articular cartilage supplemented with zone specific growth factors. Size of the encapsulated cells increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content progressively increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Human MSCs in the gel simulating the superficial zone showed up-regulation of Sox-9 and SZP whereas those in the calcified gel showed up-regulation of ALP. Results demonstrate that a developmental approach can potentially regenerate the zonal structure of articular cartilage.
Germinal Center Specific Activation of K-Ras, Common In Multiple Myeloma, Is Selected Against and Is Not Sufficient to Initiate Plasma Cell Transformation In Mice

Abstract 137 Activating mutations in Ras (N- and K-) are the most common mutations known in multiple myeloma (MM), and are associated with advanced clinical stage and poor outcomes. We re-sequenced coding regions of highly expressed cytokine signaling candidate genes from MM patient samples and found rare novel mutations. Still, the most common recurrent somatic mutations we found affected N and K-Ras. Previous studies of MM patient samples suggest that Ras mutations may be late/progression events, but the role of Ras activation in MM pathogenesis has not been tested directly. Toward this end, we generated double-transgenic mice by crossing Lox-stop-lox(LSL)- K-ras G12D knock-in mice (K-ras+/G12D) with Cγ1-Cre knock-in mice (Cγ1+/Cre) expressing the Cre recominase specifically in germinal center (GC) B-cells. K-ras+/+/Cγ1+/Cre mice served as negative controls. We found 58% of unstimulated K-ras+/G12D/Cγ1+/Cre mice developed fatal double-positive CD4/8 T-cell lymphomas (n=12) and 42% developed lung adenocarcinomas (n=12). The median survival of these mice with lymphomas was 19 weeks, compared to the 300 day end point of unstimulated K-ras+/+/Cγ1+/Cre control mice. Tumor cells from these mice demonstrated successful recomination of the K-Ras locus. In contrast, no evidence of multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy was found by serum ELISA, SPEP, flow cytometry or histologic examination. We isolated B-cell subsets from K-ras+/G12D/Cγ1+/Cre mice and documented successful recombination in splenic germinal center cells (B220+, GL-7+) but not in bone marrow plasma cells. Together, these data suggest that Ras activation by “leaky” off-target Cre expression was sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis in two non-B-cell compartments, but that activation of the K-rasG12D allele in germinal center B-cells was associated instead with clearance of recombined cells. We conclude that activating Ras mutations are disease progression events in MM and that earlier mutations are required before primary plasma cells are transformed. This novel mouse model will be useful for identifying and testing early genetic events that drive MM development in cooperation with Ras. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
IMPETUS - Interactive MultiPhysics Environment for Unified Simulations.

Abstract We introduce IMPETUS – Interactive MultiPhysics Environment for Unified Simulations, an object oriented, easy-to-use, high performance, C++ program for three-dimensional simulations of complex physical systems that can benefit a large variety of research areas, especially in cell mechanics. The program implements cross-communication between locally interacting particles and continuum models residing in the same physical space while a network facilitates long-range particle interactions. Message Passing Interface is used for inter-processor communication for all simulations.
Three-Phase Synchronous Machines

Among the various types of electromagnetic energy-converters to be studied in this book, the synchronous machine is the one that embodies the idea of relative motion between electric conductors and a magnetic field in its purest form. This machine also has the distinction of being practically the only type of generator for major power systems, in addition to being widely used as a motor.
Efficient modified Chebyshev differentiation matrices for fractional differential equations

Abstract This paper compares several fractional operational matrices for solving a system of linear fractional differential equations (FDEs) of commensurate or incommensurate order. For this purpose, three fractional collocation differentiation matrices (FCDMs) based on finite differences are first proposed and compared with Podlubny’s matrix previously used in the literature, after which two new efficient FCDMs based on Chebyshev collocation are proposed. It is shown via an error analysis that the use of the well-known property of fractional differentiation of polynomial bases applied to these methods results in a limitation in the size of the obtained Chebyshev-based FCDMs. To compensate for this limitation, a new fast spectrally accurate FCDM for fractional differentiation which does not require the use of the gamma function is proposed. Then, the Schur-Pade and Schur decomposition methods are implemented to enhance and improve numerical stability. Therefore, this method overcomes the previous limitation regarding the size limitation. In several illustrative examples, the convergence and computation time of the proposed FCDMs are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are outlined.
To repair or to replace: four decades in the making

The lively debate regarding the surgical treatment options of mitral valve regurgitation continues and remains dynamic. This is likely due to the prevalence of degenerative mitral valve disease, not just in the United States, but all around the world. With the emergence of the concept of the mitral valve “Centers of Excellence” and newer and ever-evolving repair techniques, mitral valve repair has far surpassed replacement in popularity. Because of the observed superiority of mitral valve repair—both anecdotally and by multiple large studies that have recently emerged (1-3)—we are witnessing a paradigm shift in which mitral valve repair is preferred over replacement. This is reflected in the latest guidelines, in which repair is strongly recommended as the preferred surgical intervention for severe degenerative mitral regurgitation by both the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and European Society of Cardiology (4,5).
What do we really know about usual care child protective services

Abstract The term “usual care” is often used in clinical research to refer to a comparison or control group that is receiving whatever normal services an organization may provide. In the US child protection system, “usual care” is the practice from the point of screening in a report, to assessment and possible in-home services or a decision to place a child in out of home care. Policy and practice variations across states and counties, as well as changes in policy over time, make research on normative child welfare practice services challenging but necessary. The service delivery mechanism in child protection is understudied, limiting our ability to inform decision-making at the local, state and federal levels. Gaps in knowledge also confound intervention research because a clear understanding of a given service platform is key when interpreting effect sizes against usual care controls. This article overviews what is known about “usual care” in child protective services and seeks to encourage more research in this area by reviewing six key factors related to measuring the impact of usual care from the point of initial report through the provision of services.
Indexing Architecture for File Extraction from Network Traffic

As crimes, along with nearly every aspect of life, continue to transit into cyberspace, network traffic becomes an increasingly important source of evidence for forensic investigators. Network forensics is most commonly used in analyzing network traffic, identifying suspicious patterns and tracing the source of attack. This paper takes a different approach and views network traffic not as a means to an end, but the source from which evidence can be extracted. When criminals take extra measures to wipe evidence from all physical servers and disks, carving the files from network traffic may become critical to investigations. However, with limitations in current computing power, analyzing each packet for extractable evidence is impractical. This study proposes an architecture for file extraction that incorporates network flow aggregation and indexing for faster, more efficient packet and file extraction.
Tocopherols modulate leaf vein arrangement and composition without impacting photosynthesis

Growth of the tocopherol-deficient vte1 mutant and Col-0 wild type of Arabidopsis thaliana in a sunlit glasshouse revealed both similarities and differences between genotypes. Photosynthetic capacity and leaf mesophyll features did not differ between mutant and wild type. Likewise, the total volume of water conduits (tracheary elements, TEs), sugar conduits (sieve elements, SEs), and sugar-loading cells (companion and phloem parenchyma cells) on a leaf area basis were unaffected by tocopherol deficiency. However, tocopherol deficiency yielded smaller and more numerous minor veins with fewer phloem cells and smaller TEs, resulting in greater ratios of TEs to SEs. The smaller TEs in the vte1 mutant may present a decreased risk for cavitation under high evaporative demand or in response to freezing. In turn, compensation for fewer phloem cells and smaller TEs by more numerous veins may bolster resistance to cavitation at no cost to photosynthetic capacity.
Ipilimumab in the treatment of uveal melanoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

8549 Background: Ipilimumab (ipi) is an antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and improves overall survival in patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma. Uveal melanoma (UM) ...
Abstract P147: Production of Anti-inflammatory Peptide N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline (Ac-SDKP) in Kidney

Ac-SDKP is a natural peptide with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties in vascular, myocardial and kidney tissues. It is released from thymosin B4 (TB4) by two step enzymatic reactions by meprin and the prolyl oligopeptidase enzymes (POP) and degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEi) increases Ac-SDKP plasma concentration. Kidney has been proposed as clearance organ for Ac-SDKP. Thus after Ac-SDKP filtration, 90% is degraded and only 10% is excreting in the urine. However, in rodents the decrease of glomerular filtration rate did not affect the amount of Ac-SDKP in urine and prevention of Ac-SDKP filtration at the glomerular level by using neutralizing antibodies also did no change the urinary Ac-SDKP content; This suggest that mechanisms other than only filtration can be present. We hypothesized that Ac-SDKP is produced in the kidney. We evaluated the presence of TB4 and POP mRNA by analyzing the trascriptome in each segment of the nephron using the public access NHI database ESBL. We confirmed kidney expression of POP enzyme by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally the stop flow pressure technique was used to evaluate the Ac-SDKP formation in different segments of the nephron, in normal condition, under POP inhibition (POPi) and ACEi. All experiments were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats.TB4 mRNA was present in all the nephron segments, mainly in the distal parts (1941±949.8 RPKM) in comparison with proximal tubule (101.4±73.7 RPKM) (p
Implementing a Program of Talimogene laherparepvec.

Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in cancer cells without harming normal cells. Talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic®), the first oncolytic viral therapy approved for treatment of cancer, was approved for treatment of locally advanced melanoma in October 2015. As a biologic product, use of T. laherparepvec in the clinical setting requires pretreatment planning and a unique systematic approach to deliver the therapy. The processes we describe herein could be adopted by other centers that choose to prescribe T. laherparepvec. We studied our clinical trial experience with T. laherparepvec before we embarked on using commercially available T. laherparepvec. We created a standard operating procedure (SOP) with multidisciplinary buy-in and oversight from leadership in Infection Control at our institution. We reflected on clinical cases and the actual procedures of administering T. laherparepvec to create the SOP. The preimplementation planning, patient selection, identification of lesions to treat, the actual procedure, and ongoing assessment of patients are described. Tumoral-related factors that lead to unique challenges are described. A process to ensure safe and responsible implementation of a program to administer T. laherparepvec for treatment of melanoma may improve the quality of treatment for patients who suffer from advanced melanoma.
Mental Health Issues for Women

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that anywhere from almost one third (Robins et al., 1984) to almost one half of Americans will experience psychological distress sufficient to warrant diagnosis of a formal mental disorder at some time during their lives (Kessler et al., 1994). Although women and men share much in common in the area of mental health, women’s and men’s experiences differ sufficiently to yield significant distinctions in this area (Kessler et al., 1994). This chapter examines mental health issues specifically for women. First, conceptualizations of mental health and disorder, especially as they are impacted by gender, are discussed. Second, prevalence rates for specific disorders are examined, followed by possible explanations for gender-related differences. Finally, an expanded framework for understanding women’s mental health is presented. Stress related to poverty and gender role strain, as well as violence against women, will be explored. Historically, most research in psychiatry and psychology has focused on the experiences of men, even when women were seen as the primary clients. This chapter utilizes a feminist framework in which all women’s experiences are central to conceptualizations of mental health and distress, the diagnostic tools and nomenclatures used, and the therapeutic interventions developed. In addition, most available research on women’s mental health has been limited in scope, focusing on white, middle-class women (Reid & Comas-Diaz, 1990). Although women share a number of common experiences based on gender, women’s experiences reflect great diversity related to ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, social class, and physical ability. Numerous researchers (Brown, 1997; Reid & Comas-Diaz, 1990; Russo, 1995) have called for attention to such diversity to better understand mental health issues for all women and to provide the most appropriate services when needed. Effort is taken to examine this diversity among women as each topic is discussed.
Extravasation and Interstitial Transport in Tumors

The use of high-molecular-weight agents such as proteins has been of increasing interest for cancer detection and treatment since the development of genetic engineering and hybridoma technology. These agents include monoclonal antibodies (conjugated with radionuclides, toxins, cytokines, or enzymes), growth factors, biological response modifiers, and enzymes. The use of cells, such as lymphokine-activated killer cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is also being investigated. The potent toxicity of some of these agents toward cancer cells in vitro has ignited hopes for a “magic bullet.” Although these agents show great potential, results in clinical studies have not been so positive.
Participant Evaluation of Twelve-Step Group Linkage for Jailed Women With Alcohol Use Disorder:

Jailed women are an underserved population with elevated rates of alcohol use disorders. Brief jail stays make delivery of case management and traditional alcohol treatment impractical yet women face significant reentry challenges with few help resources. Accounting for these challenges, linking jailed women with a twelve-step program volunteer for a one-on-one meeting has been hypothesized to provide a means of support that can transition with women after jail discharge. In-jail meetings are theoretically consistent with the common twelve-step practice of conducting twelve-step calls. The acceptability and content of a one-on-one, in-jail meeting with a twelve-step volunteer were explored using qualitative data collected through interviews with 72 women directly following their in-jail volunteer meeting. Participants found the meeting to be acceptable and to contain many useful elements, and content was in line with the standard twelve-step calls. Findings are encouraging both for the potential utility of the intervention and for dissemination of similar linkage approaches.
Classification of Preterm Birth With Placental Correlates.

Premature birth lacks a widely accepted classification that unites features of the clinical presentation with placental pathology. To further explore associations between the clinical categories of...
It All Started With a Buttonâ

As librarians at an art and design library that is also part of a larger institution, we find it necessary to continually come up with new and innovative ways to make our library a welcoming, appealing, interesting and relevant place. Of particular popularity are the buttons we make using images from resources available at the library. For outreach, we give them away at every opportunity, including orientations (while wearing the â€œlibrarianâ€ t-shirts we made) and faculty meetings. We also use them as teaching tools, and as incentive for participation in library instruction sessions. Our student workers and staff members have a range of talents and interests that can be maximized to promote the library as well. We encourage librarians in other settings to expand on our ideas and use the resources at hand for creative library promotion and marketing projects.
Extended Mission Technology Demonstrations Using the ASTERIA Spacecraft

ASTERIA (Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research In Astrophysics) is a CubeSat space telescope currently operating in low-Earth orbit. It is expected to remain in orbit at least through October 2019. Developed as a technology demonstration mission under the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Phaeton Program for training early-career engineers, ASTERIA has achieved sub-arcsecond pointing stability and milliKelvin thermal stability over 20-minute observations. These capabilities-unprecedented in a CubeSat platform-have enabled photometric precision better than 1000 parts per million per minute (0.1%/min) while observing nearby bright stars (apparent visual magnitude magv < 6). Following the second extended mission, we are now using the spacecraft in its third extension as a platform to demonstrate additional capabilities as well as continue science observations. This project will perform the following four well-focused activities that will raise the technology readiness of key spacecraft technologies. 1. Shift the paradigm to operate spacecraft from open-loop commanding to closed-loop command execution: We will introduce “task networks” (tasknets)which allow simpler commanding and more robust onboard execution. 2. Demonstrate onboard orbit determination in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using autonomous navigation (Autonav)without the Global Positioning System (GPS): This activity will demonstrate a fully independent means of spacecraft orbit determination for Earth orbiters using only passive imaging. 3. Collect data on ASTERIA that will feed into future missions by characterizing the spacecraft pointing jitter as a function of target brightness, reaction wheel speed, controller gain, and number of guide stars. 4. Perform ASTERIA extended mission science: ASTERIA has demonstrated unprecedented photometric precision for a CubeSat mission. The spacecraft is uniquely suited to perform long-term monitoring of stars such as alpha Centauri for small transiting planets. The discovery of a transiting Earth-sized planet around alpha Cen A and/or B would be of the highest scientific value as such a planet would be our closest exoplanetary neighbor orbiting a Sunlike star. These demonstrations will provide in-flight testing of new autonomy technologies, maximize the scientific potential of this operational spacecraft, and provide additional characterization of hardware for future small satellite missions using similar subsystems.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Psychiatry: Progress in the Last Decade

Psychiatric disorders are common and can be severe. There is a need to identify biomarkers of psychiatric disorders to better diagnose and treat patients with psychiatric symptoms. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a tool used to measure the levels of various metabolites in the human brain, and MRS studies of psychiatric disorders have identified potentially useful biomarkers of psychiatric illness. There have been significant advances in the way that psychiatric disorders are understood, classified, and researched as well as improvements in magnetic resonance imaging/MRS technology. MRS as a tool has not yet proved helpful to individual patients with psychiatric symptoms.
Association of Regional Practice Environment Intensity and the Ability of Internists to Practice High-Value Care After Residency.

Importance Use of health care services and physician practice patterns have been shown to vary widely across the United States. Although practice patterns—in particular, physicians’ ability to provide high-quality, high-value care—develop during training, the association of a physician’s regional practice environment with that ability is less well understood. Objective To examine the association between health care intensity in the region where physicians practice and their ability to practice high-value care, specifically for physicians whose practice environment changed due to relocation after residency. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included a national sample of 3896 internal medicine physicians who took the 2002 American Board of Internal Medicine initial certification examination followed approximately 1 decade (April 21, 2011, to May 7, 2015) later by the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination. At the time of the MOC examination, 2714 of these internists were practicing in a new region. Data were analyzed from March 6, 2016, to May 21, 2018. Exposures Intensity of care in the Dartmouth Atlas hospital referral region (HRR), measured by per-enrollee end-of-life physician visits (primary) and current practice type (secondary). Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome, a physician’s ability to practice high-value care, was assessed using the Appropriately Conservative Management (ACM) score on the MOC examination, measuring performance across all questions for which the correct answer was the most conservative option. The exposure, regional health care intensity, was measured as per-enrollee end-of-life physician visits in the Dartmouth Atlas HRR of the physician’s practice. Results Among the 3860 participating internists included in the analysis (2030 men [52.6%]; mean [SD] age, 45.6 [4.5] years), those who moved to regions in the quintile of highest health care intensity had an ACM score 0.22 SD lower (95% CI, −0.32 to −0.12) than internists who moved to regions in the quintile of lowest intensity, controlling for postresidency ACM scores. This difference reflected scoring in the 44th compared with the 53rd percentile of all examinees. This association was mildly attenuated (0.18 SD less; 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.09) after adjustment for physician and practice characteristics. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that practice patterns of internists who relocate after residency training appear to migrate toward norms of the new region. The demands of practicing in high-intensity regions may erode the ability to practice high-value conservative care.
Elastocapillarity Modeling of Multiphase Flow-Induced Solid Deformation using Volume of Fluid Method

Abstract The interaction between fluids and solids is of great importance in different fields of science and engineering. Such interactions have become of great interest not only at the macroscale, but also at the micro and sub-millimetric scales dominated by capillary forces. At the microscale, the effect of surface tension at the interfacial boundaries plays an important role in defining flow patterns and regimes for a system of immiscible multiphase fluids. Such dynamic forces bring about the deformation of surrounding solid structures. In this paper, we present a multiphase fluid solver, with preferential-wetting boundary conditions at the fluid–solid interface, coupled together with a hyperelastic solid solver via a partitioned approach. The multiphase fluid-solid interaction (FSI) problem is solved by employing the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for transporting a scalar function which acts as a phase indicator in the multiphase problem. The scalar transport equation is solved on the same mesh as the Navier-Stokes equation to avoid errors from projection. Sharpening of the fluid-fluid interface is achieved algebraically using artificial compression, enforced by Multidimensional Universal Limiter with Explicit Solution (MULES). The surface tension forces are obtained using Filtered Surface Force (FSF) model which filters out unphysical fluxes. The formulation of the multiphase FSI problem is based on the use of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE). FSI interface displacements are relaxed using the Interface Quasi-Newton with Inverse Least Square root-finding relaxation technique (IQN-ILS). We then validate the model by comparing the present numerical results to experimental data for a static droplet on a soft substrate. The model shows good agreement with experimental data and captures the resulting deformation due to excess Laplace pressure. The model is also tested for a dynamic droplet case, and deformation in a microchannel with obstacles.
Demonstration of Low Loss RF Conductor in k a and V Bands Using Cu/Fe multilayers for 5G and Millimeter Wave Applications

In this paper we report the first demonstration of a low loss Radio Frequency (RF) metaconductor in K a and V bands consisting of multiple nanolayers of copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe). Maximum 32 % RF resistance reduction is achieved using the Cu/Fe metaconductor compared with the solid Cu counterpart in 30–67 GHz range which covers major millimeter (mm) wave frequency bands for 5G applications. Design and simulations are performed using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS, ANSYS Inc.) and experimentally verified using 1 mm long Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Lines (CPWTL) which are microfabricated using 5 pairs of 150 nm thick Cu and 25 nm thick Fe.
Military Athletics at the University of Illinois

(1943). Military Athletics at the University of Illinois. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 378-390.
Lament in Three Movements: The Implications of Psalm 13 for Justice and Reconciliation

Christian peacemakers and ministers of reconciliation serving in contexts of conflict require practices to help them cope with painful situations and formulate constructive responses to them. Lamen...
Survival Impact of Anti-GD2 Antibody Response in a Phase II Ganglioside Vaccine Trial Among Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma With Prior Disease Progression

PURPOSEAnti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has proven efficacy in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). A small phase I GD2/GD3 vaccine trial (n = 15) described long-term survival and a favorable safety ...
Molecular Tools for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Characterization

In our recent publication [1], we have explored at the molecular level the consequences of reovirus administration to patients with KRAS mutated colorectal cancer (CRC). This was the first reported study where transcriptome assay was performed on KRAS mutated CRC patients receiving reovirus (pelareorep) therapy. Using peripheral mononuclear cells as a tumor surrogate, we have identified several hundred genes that were significantly altered in a transcriptome assay of patients receiving pelareorep serving as their own controls (pre and post reovirus administration) and compared to untreated controls [2]. We focused primarily on 884 immune related genes and published the data for genes with significance probability of 0.001 (1 in thousand for a perfect random occurrence). Samples were collected at 48 hours, day 8 and day 15 post reovirus administration and compared for dynamic gene expression alterations over time. Using PBMC we also performed flow cytometry, cytokine ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and determination of the expression level of CRC specific microRNA miR-29a-3p. Our data supports the therapeutic competence of reovirus and identifies the four major ways by which it exerts its antitumor effects.
The Changed Landscape and Chino Basin Groundwater

This is the first in a sequence of chapters focusing explicitly on the adaptive management of Chino Basin under the OBMP and Peace Agreement. It begins with the continued urbanization process and its effects on water use, groundwater recharge, and wastewater production. These were all important drivers to which groundwater management in Chino Basin had to adapt. Another was the changes to the price and reliability of imported water supplies. Those supplies had become important elements of water supply and basin management in the second half of the twentieth century, but by the 2000s it was apparent that they were becoming uncertain as well as more expensive. One way of adapting to that circumstance was increased reliance on the reuse of treated wastewater, but that came with its own constraints and challenges. Another adaptation has been a renewed investment in facilities for stormwater capture for basin replenishment, through the implementation of a Recharge Master Plan, with periodic updates. Another adaptive management program was designed and initiated for understanding and stopping land subsidence. Together, these new endeavors illustrate the more active and adaptive approach to basin management while also highlighting how demanding it is.
Toxic Pastures, Weeds and Chemicals

I am going to hit some things that are of interest to me and some of them may be of use to you; some may seem a little bit provincial. The first consideration about poisonings is the possibility of one being present. In acute poisoning, whether it is plant or chemical, the first tip-off, of course, is single or multiple death and illnesses that are unaccounted for. In just a matter of a few days you will have several animals involved and you cannot account for it for other reasons. The next thing that I think is equally important, and you should start inquiring about it right away, is what change of management occurred? Has the feed been changed? Was the pasture changed? Was there something done about spraying recently? Handling is the next thing to be encountered or to investigate. Well, aside from these two basic principles, I think the only other thing to go on is a nagging suspicion that this can be a poisoning, and usually that is the way we end up; anyway, at least I do! The chronic type of poisoning is a little different problem. Luckily, for most chronic poisonings you have tissue changes that are suggestive—kidney damage related to mercury intake or liver damage related to some of the other damaging toxic agents.
Mathematical and aesthetic aspects of symmetry

The modern term ‘symmetry’ brings together a variety of disparate and over-lapping notions, some of which fall under the modern group-theoretic definition now used in mathematical science. The rise of symmetry considerations to dominance in contemporary fundamental physics occurred in the twentieth century, and the modern group-theoretic concept has been explored by philosophers of physics in recent decades. Our scientific concepts are hard-won, forged in the heat of theoretical and practical utility: historical studies displaying some of the ways in which important scientific concepts were formed—and continue to develop—are very welcome. Hon and Goldstein’s book is, primarily, a historical study of the term ‘symmetry’ and the concepts associated with it up to the early 1800s. They are interested in what becomes of the Greek terms ‘summetria’ and ‘summetros’, and the concepts associated with them. Their historical narrative has two aspects: the first traces the use of the term ‘symmetry’, while the second looks for evidence of features of the modern concept of reflection symmetry independent of terminology. The historical narrative contains two trajectories, which Hon and Goldstein label ‘mathematical’ and ‘aesthetic’. In mathematics, ‘symmetry’ was used to mean ‘having a common measure’, while aesthetically it meant well-proportioned. These ‘two trajectories’ should not be thought of as capturing a clean separation. The mathematical trajectory is covered in Chapter 2, beginning with Euclid’s Elements. Hon and Goldstein locate the ‘common measure’ concept attaching to the term ‘symmetry’ also in Archimedes (in mathematical contexts, and in mechanics with respect to the balance and equilibrium). Commensurability was an issue in astronomy. Thus, Hon and Goldstein quote from Oresme’s discussion of whether the motions of the heavens are commensurable: do the periods of the planets have a common measure?
Probing U A ( 1 ) Restoration with Domain-Wall Fermions

Abstract We demonstrate a connection between U A ( 1 ) -breaking and topology. We do this by showing that U A ( 1 ) is broken in a finite volume by configurations with a nonzero topological charge Q top . As the temperature is increased, the number of such configurations (and hence the breaking) decreases, though it is still nonzero at the highest temperature ( T = 1.25 T c ) that we study. The question as to whether these contributions survive in the thermodynamic as well as chiral limits is still an open one.
Modular Program Construction Using Abstractions

A programming methodology is presented in which modular decomposition is based on recognition of useful abstractions. Two kinds of abstractions are used, procedural abstractions and data abstractions. Decomposition is carried out during a design phase that takes place before implementation begins. The design is documented by a graph showing the relationship among abstractions and by (informal) specifications of each abstraction.
Enhancement of multisubband electron mobility in an asymmetric coupled quantum well based inverted MODFET structure

The effect of asymmetry in the structure parameters on the low temperature multisubband electron mobility in an inverted MODFET structure is analyzed. We obtain the subband energy levels and wave functions through selfconsistent solution of Schrodinger and Poisson's equations. We consider ionized impurity scattering, interface roughness scattering and alloy disorder scattering to calculate the electron mobility. The asymmetric variation of doping concentration and well width significantly influences the interplay of scattering mechanisms in a multisubband occupied system. We show that the electron mobility is enhanced considerably with increase in barrier width under double subband occupancy when well width is small (<110 A). We also show that the asymmetry in doping concentrations (with less doping towards the inverted interface) leads to enhancement in mobility.
δ Opioid receptor agonist, DPDPE, enhances neuronal excitability in mouse enteric nervous system (653.4)

μ-opioid agonists are known to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and cause constipation. But a role for the δ opioid receptor activation in propulsive motility is controversial. Previously, it was shown that μ opioid receptor agonist, morphine, decreases enteric neuron excitability via inhibition of sodium channels. Here we examined electophysiological properties by patch clamp techniques and determined the mechanism for δ opioid receptor agonist DPDPE-induced increase in neuronal excitability in mouse single isolated enteric neurons. DPDPE (5μM) evoked spontaneous action potentials and depolarized the resting membrane potentials from -61.3 ± 1.3 mV to -52.3 ± 2.8 mV (n=3). DPDPE-induced action potentials were reversed by ICI 174864, a δ receptor antagonist. In the presence of DPDPE, sodium channels were activated at lower membrane potentials, indicated by a leftward shift of sodium channel voltage-dependent steady-state activation curve. The V0.5 significantly increased from -28.2 ± 1.4 mV in the absence...
The contribution of high order Zernike modes to wavefront tilt

Abstract The contribution of high order Zernike modes on average phase gradient is investigated. The resulting temporal power spectra are compared to data collected using the tip/tilt servo at the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI). The low frequency part of the power spectrum follows a − 2 3 power law which is in agreement with other similar work. Due to the effect of higher order terms, the high frequency power law for average phase gradient becomes − 11 3 rather than the − 17 3 predicted for the ‘tilt’ component of the Zernike representation of the wavefront.
A portable, audible-Interval signal device1

Described here is a compact and battery-operated unit that produces a short audible signal at uniform intervals, variable from 2 sec to 2 min.
Radiative and interfacial recombination in CdTe heterostructures

Double heterostructures (DH) were produced consisting of a CdTe film between two wide band gap barriers of CdMgTe alloy. A combined method was developed to quantify radiative and non-radiative recombination rates by examining the dependence of photoluminescence (PL) on both excitation intensity and time. The measured PL characteristics, and the interface state density extracted by modeling, indicate that the radiative efficiency of CdMgTe/CdTe DHs is comparable to that of AlGaAs/GaAs DHs, with interface state densities in the low 1010 cm−2 and carrier lifetimes as long as 240 ns. The radiative recombination coefficient of CdTe is found to be near 10−10 cm3s−1. CdTe film growth on bulk CdTe substrates resulted in a homoepitaxial interface layer with a high non-radiative recombination rate.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background The current management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) incorporates a multimodal approach involving microneurosurgery, endovascular embolization, and radiosurgery. Objective To explore the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for dAVFs. Methods The series includes patients with dAVFs who had Gamma Knife radiosurgery at the University of Virginia Medical Center between 1989 and 2005 with clinical follow-up through 2008. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical history, demographic data, and dosimetry. Radiographic records provided the location and anatomy of the dAVFs. Follow-up angiography was performed 2 to 3 years after treatment, with cure defined as complete obliteration of fistulous flow. Follow-up for clinical symptomology and quality of life was obtained from direct patient and primary physician questionnaires. Results Fifty-five patients underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery for dAVFs during the study period. Twenty patients (36%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage before radiosurgery. Gamma Knife radiosurgery was preceded by craniotomy for microneurosurgical ablation in 11 patients (20%) or endovascular embolization in 36 patients (65%). Follow-up angiography was performed on 46 patients (83%) with documented obliteration in 30 patients (65%). Patients lost to follow-up were classified as treatment failures, adjusting the range of efficacy from 65% to 54%. Three patients (5%) suffered a posttreatment hemorrhage during the follow-up period, but no new permanent neurological deficits resulted from these events. Conclusion Gamma Knife radiosurgery is an effective adjunct therapy for dAVFs with persistence of flow after open neurosurgical resection or endovascular treatment while still maintaining a role in nonaggressive dAVFs not amenable to either surgery or embolization.
Advance care planning along the continuum.

Abstract What will happen if you experience a sudden illness that prevents you from making your own medical decisions? How will you ensure that you will receive the kind of care you want? Will your family or loved ones know enough about what you value and believe to feel comfortable making decisions about your care?
Distance Education for Gifted Students: Leveraging Technology to Expand Academic Options

Technological advances and widespread access to the Internet are facilitating new educational approaches that go beyond the traditional face‐to‐face classroom setting. Distance education has emerged as a valuable option for a number of special populations of learners whose needs are more difficult to meet in the classroom, of which gifted students are one. This paper explores the many varieties of distance education and the technologies that support them and examines research on the effectiveness of the approaches in different settings. Research on the distance education programs offered by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth is summarized and best practices, based on the findings, are proposed.
Salonica in Jewish Historiography

This article argues that the treatment of Salonican Jewry in scholarly literature remained for a long time deeply embedded within the paradigms that were established by the academic study of Judaism (Wissenschaft des Judentums) in the nineteenth century. Salonica was not noted for being distinctive except for its large Jewish population. Its study was part of the general interpretation of the history of Sephardic Jews in Muslim lands after the expulsions from the Iberian Peninsula. This history was seen as one of long decline into “Oriental” obscurantism, paralleling the trajectory of the Muslim world as a whole. Furthermore, the city became deeply associated with the worst crisis faced by early modern Jewry—Sabbateanism. It is only recently that scholarly works on Sephardic Jewish communities in general, and Salonica in particular, have begun to emancipate themselves from this narrative. Nevertheless, they remain marginalized and have yet to become integrated fully into general accounts of Jewish history.
Assessment of Scour on Bridge Foundations by Means of in Situ Erosion Evaluation Probe

The work in this paper presents the use of an in situ erosion evaluation probe (ISEEP) to assess scour depth at bridge piers. Numerical modeling and deployment of the device at a North Carolina Outer Banks site damaged by Hurricane Irene in 2011 demonstrates the applicability of the proposed concept. Computational fluid dynamics software, FLOW-3D, was used to assess the scour depth at a bridge pier, and the results were compared with values based on ISEEP-estimated parameters by using an excess-stream power model. The scour depth was also calculated from empirical equations that assumed the same conditions as those used in the numerical analysis. Parametric analysis using FLOW-3D indicated that of the parameters for defining the scour depth, the entrainment coefficient had the largest effect, whereas the drag coefficient had the smallest effect on the scour magnitude within the range of values included in this analysis. The estimated scour depths that were based on ISEEP data agreed relatively well with t...
The hilbert schemes of degree three curves

In this paper we show that the Hilbert scheme H(3,g) of locally Cohen-Macaulay curves in ℙ3 of degree three and genus g is connected. This is achieved by giving a classification of these curves, determining the irreducible components of H(3,g), and giving certain specializations to show connectedness. As a byproduct, we find that there are curves which lie in the closure of each irreducible component.
Stieltjes Sturm–Liouville equations: Eigenvalue dependence on problem parameters

Abstract We examine properties of eigenvalues and solutions to a 2 n -dimensional Stieltjes Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem. Existence and uniqueness of a solution has been established previously. An earlier paper considered the corresponding initial value problem and established conditions which guarantee that solutions depend continuously on the coefficients [L.E. Battle, Solution dependence on problem parameters for initial value problems associated with the Stieltjes Sturm–Liouville equations, Electron. J. Differential Equations 2005 (2) (2005) 1–18]. Here, we find conditions which guarantee that the eigenvalues and solutions depend continuously on the coefficients, endpoints, and boundary data. For a simplified two-dimensional problem, we find conditions which guarantee the eigenvalues to be differentiable functions of the problem data.
A theory of tensor products for module categories for a vertex operator algebra, III

Abstract This is the third part in a series of papers developing a tensor product theory for modules for a vertex operator algebra. The goal of this theory is to construct a “vertex tensor category” structure on the category of modules for a suitable vertex operator algebra. The notion of vertex tensor category is essentially a “complex analogue” of the notion of symmetric tensor category, and in fact a vertex tensor category produces a braided tensor category in a natural way. In this paper, we focus on a particular element P ( z ) of a certain moduli space of three-punctured Riemann spheres; in general, every element of this moduli space will give rise to a notion of tensor product, and one must consider all these notions in order to construct a vertex tensor category. Here we present the fundamental properties of the P ( z )-tensor product of two modules for a vertex operator algebra. We give two constructions of a P ( z )-tensor product, using the results, established in Parts I and II of this series, for a certain other element of the moduli space. The definitions and results in Parts I and II are recalled.
Effect of salt depletion on hydromineral balance in larval ambystoma gracile—I. ionic composition

Abstract 1. 1. Salt-depleted larval Ambystoma gracile (SDL) were compared with larvae maintained in pond water (non-depleted or NDL) with respect to ion and water content. 2. 2. About 25 per cent of the total Na in whole animals does not exchange with 22 Na in 12–24 hr. Salt depletion did not alter this fraction indicating that Na can be mobilized from this pool. The Na lost from the exchangeable pool is derived from both the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Body Cl exchanges completely with 36 Cl. Salt depletion causes a loss of Cl from both the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Salt depletion did not affect K content per unit weight. 3. 3. Of the total Na in rectus abdominis muscle about 30 per cent is slowly exchangeable in NDL and about 26 per cent in SDL. Exchangeable Na and Cl lost during depletion are derived from the extracellular space. 4. 4. Skin also containes a sizeable (25 per cent) slowly exchangeable Na pool part of which can be mobilized during depletion. Sodium is lost from the exchangeable fraction of extracellular and intracellular fluids. Chloride is apparently lost only from the extracellular space.