cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Duration of Positive-Pressure Ventilation Influences Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Preterm Lambs 233

The Duration of Positive-Pressure Ventilation Influences Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Preterm Lambs 233
Evaluating environmental quality management programmes in which dischargers are grouped

Abstract A method is presented for evaluating management programmes in which the dischargers are divided into groups. Analogous non-linear mathematical formulations are presented for direct regulation and effluent charge programmes, and a non-linear branch-and-bound solution procedure is described. A detailed algorithm is described for the effluent charge case; it is shown to be very practical in an application to data for the Delaware estuary.
Introduction to ALOHA/ANLC‐93: The 1993 airborne lidar and observations of the Hawaiian Airglow/Airborne Noctilucent Cloud Campaigns

The middle atmosphere is a region of rich photochemical and dynamical interactions. A variety of interesting and important structures are found in the middle atmosphere including the airglow layers, the meteoric metal layers, and noctilucent clouds. Recent modeling studies have suggested that the expected increases in atmospheric CO2 and CH4 during the next century may result in significant changes in middle atmosphere temperatures, densities, and composition. Studies of this important region are now receiving considerable attention because of the interest in global change problems.
INHIBITION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 SUPPRESSES ANGIOGENESIS AND THE GROWTH OF PROSTATE CANCER IN VIVO

Purpose: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inducible enzyme which catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, is expressed in prostate cancer specimens and cell lines. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of a COX-2 inhibitor in prostate cancer, NS398 was administered to mice inoculated with the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: A total of 28 male nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 million PC-3 cells. Tumors were palpable in all 28 animals 1 week after inoculation and mice were randomized to receive either vehicle (control) or NS398, 3 mg./kg. body weight, intraperitoneally three times weekly for 9 weeks. Tumors were measured at weekly intervals. After a 10-week experimental period, mice were euthanized and tumors were immuno- histochemically assayed for proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (TUNEL) and microvessel density (MVD) (Factor-VIII-related antigen). Tumor VEGF content was assayed by Western blotting.Results: NS398 induced a sustained inhibition of PC-3 ...
Changes in Headspace Volatiles and Peroxide Values of Undeodorized Menhaden Oil over 20 Weeks of Storage

Undeodorized menhaden oil was stored in the dark at 30 °C under a headspace of air. Oil samples were removed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of storage and analyzed for peroxide value and...
Covariance-based MIMO beamforming

This paper proposes an iterative algorithm that specifies transmit and receive beamformers based on different capabilities of the receiver in the case of available CDI at the transmitter and channel state information at the receiver. Simulations using the method in realistic MIMO channels show that its performance matches that obtained with existing algorithms when used in conjunction with optimal receiver architectures but that it allows specification of near-optimal transmit precoding for simple MMSE receivers. The simulations further demonstrate the impact of different implementation details and parameters on communication performance.
Critical role for reactive oxygen species in apoptosis induction and cell migration inhibition by diallyl trisulfide, a cancer chemopreventive component of garlic

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a structurally simple but biologically active constituent of processed garlic with in vivo activity against chemically induced as well as oncogene-driven cancer in experimental rodents. This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of DATS using human breast cancer cells as a model. Exposure of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a cell line derived from spontaneously developing mammary tumor of a transgenic mouse (BRI-JM04) to DATS resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability that was accompanied by apoptosis induction. A non-tumorigenic normal human mammary cell line (MCF-10A) was resistant to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by DATS. The DATS-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and BRI-JM04 cells was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using a chemical probe (MitoSOX Red). Overexpression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) as well as Mn-SOD conferred significant protection against DATS-induced ROS production and apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Activation of Bak, but not Bax, resulting from DATS treatment was markedly suppressed by overexpression of Mn-SOD. The DATS treatment caused ROS generation, but not activation of Bax or Bak, in MCF-10A cells. Furthermore, the DATS-mediated inhibition of cell migration was partially but significantly attenuated by Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD overexpression in association with changes in levels of proteins involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The DATS-mediated induction of heme oxygenase-1 was partially attenuated by overexpression of Mn-SOD. These results provide novel mechanistic insights indicating a critical role for ROS in anticancer effects of DATS.
Team leadership at the 100‐foot level

Since teams continue to be an important part of an organization's design, understanding how to enhance their success should be a primary objective. Research consistently shows that team leaders exert a disproportionate effect on the success or failure of organizational work teams, making leadership an area that managers cannot ignore. While creating an organizational vision or inspiring others to follow are important leadership traits when viewing leadership at a very high level, the reality is that most team leaders work at a demanding operational level, which requires specific knowledge and skills. This article presents the topic of team leadership by discussing why team leadership should be of interest to organizational managers, presenting various knowledge and skill areas where leaders should demonstrate proficiency, and providing an assessment tool that helps organizations evaluate leader effectiveness.
Modeling of the Stardust Reentry Flows with Ionization in DSMC

Ionized hypersonic o ws for the Stardust blunt body at 80 km altitude were simulated using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, at a speed of 12.8 km/s, the fastest man-made object to enter the Earth’s atmosphere. The modeling of ionization processes and energy exchange between translational and internal modes in DSMC is discussed. Eleven species including 5 ions and electron and chemical reactions are considered in the o weld. It was found that the charge neutrality assumption held in the bow-shock region and using this assumption, ionization processes were modeled. The electron-vibration energy exchange model is important for the prediction of electron and vibrational temperature proles, and this process was modeled by Lee’s relaxation time for the rst time in DSMC. DSMC results were compared with CFD(DPLR) results, with the main result that DSMC predicted lower energy exchange rates between translational and internal modes than CFD. The lower energy exchange rates resulted in lower dissociation rates and a lower degree of ionization in DSMC. Furthermore, radiation was calculated using the NEQAIR code from the CFD(DPLR) and DSMC o welds along the stagnation line for NO, N + , N, and O. The development of the DSMC models signican tly aected the N radiation and O radiation in ultraviolet range.
TWISTING AND EXPANSION OF A HOLE IN A NON-UNIFORM DISK.

Abstract Finite and infinitesimal deformation of an infinitely extended, axisymmetric disk of a non-uniform initial thickness with a circular hole is considered. The disk is loaded along the interior surface of the hole by pressure and twisting moment of non-decreasing magnitudes. A state of plane stress is assumed and the incremental theory of plasticity is used. The material of the disk is assumed to be rigid-plastic for finite deformation and elastic-plastic for infinitesimal deformation. The analyses are based on the Tresca yield criterion and the isotropic hardening law, and emphasis is placed on the effects of the twisting moment, hardening parameter and loading path on the solution. Detailed results and comparisons are given for an initially uniform and an initially conical disk. Finally, comparison is made between solutions for elastic-plastic and rigid-plastic disks, revealing that the stress field is only slightly affected by the elastic strains.
Origin of one-photon and two-photon optical transitions in PbSe nanocrystals

PbSe nanocrystals represent the paradigm nanoscale system exhibiting carrier multiplication upon light absorption, yet their absorption spectrum is poorly understood. Two very different interpretations of the absorption peaks have been proposed: is the second absorption peak a dipole-forbidden S{sub h}-P{sub e} or P{sub h}-S{sub e} transition or a dipole-allowed P{sub h}-P{sub e} transition? A recent two-photon photoluminescence-excitation experiment favored the first interpretation, raising the question of why a dipole-forbidden transition would be strongly absorptive. Here we report atomistic pseudopotential calculations of the one-photon and two-photon absorption spectra of PbSe nanocrystals, showing unequivocally that, contrary to previous interpretations by other authors, the second one-photon absorption peak originates from dipole-allowed P{sub h}-P{sub e} transitions.
The Boltzmann-Hopkinson Principle of Superposition as Applied to Dielectrics

The principle of superposition, discussed first for dielectrics by Hopkinson, has been shown for a long time in experiment. However, its validity for the several theories which have been advanced for dielectric behavior has been shown in only a few cases. One of the exceptions is the important theory of Maxwell.2 This paper shows that the principle of superposition is a necessary consequence of Maxwell's theory. It goes somewhat further and shows that the principle is valid for any theory which leads to a system of linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
Knockout Mice Reveal That the Angiotensin II type 1B Receptor Links to Smooth Muscle Contraction

Background Rodents express two isoforms of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor: AT1A and AT1B. It is unclear which receptor subtype mediates contraction in response to angiotensin II in various arteries. We tested the hypothesis that the AT1B receptor is the predominant receptor that mediates contraction in the abdominal aorta in response to angiotensin II. Methods Isometric tension responses to angiotensin II were determined in abdominal aortic rings obtained from male wild-type and AT1B receptor knockout mice. The rings were suspended in an organ bath of a wire myograph and contractions to angiotensin II and other vasoconstrictors were determined. Results Angiotensin II contracted aortic segments from wild-type mice; however, this response was virtually absent in rings obtained from AT1B receptor knockout mice. Contractions in response to K+ and U46619 (thromboxane A2 mimetic) were not different between rings obtained from wild-type and AT1B receptor knockout mice. Conclusions Reduced angiotensin II contraction is not related to a generalized decrease in smooth muscle function, rather it is specifically due to genetic ablation of the AT1B receptor. Our data support the concept that AT1B receptors couple to contraction in the mouse abdominal aorta, a function that parallels the single known AT1 receptor in human vascular smooth muscle.
Metamaterial-Inspired, Electrically Small Huygens Sources

Electrically small electric and magnetic dipole antennas are introduced that are based on electric and magnetic near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements that are electrically coupled to the driven element. By properly combining these two NFRP antenna types, electrically small Huygens sources are realized. The proposed Huygens sources have one feed point, are well matched to 50 Ω, and have high radiation efficiencies. Their predicted directivity patterns approach the known Huygens source theoretical limit.
Effects of driver-side mirror type on lane-change accidents

This quasi-experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the type of driver-side mirror on lane-change accidents. The analysis was based on 407 accidents reported from 1987 to 1992 to Finnish insurance companies, for vehicles with passenger-side convex mirrors and one of three types of driver-side mirrors (flat, convex or multiradius). The results showed that there was no difference between the multiradius and convex mirrors in the frequencies of lane-change accidents to the left. Compared to the flat mirror, the mean effect of the multiradius and convex mirror was a 22% decrease. However, the statistical strength of the data was low; 95% confidence interval ranged from a 51% decrease to a 25% increase. This result was not related to driver characteristics or driving conditions. In conclusion, the multiradius and convex driver-side mirrors, in comparison to the flat mirror, are more likely to reduce than increase lane-change accidents. A theoretical implication of this study is that minimizing the...
Response to Comment on Vimalananda et al. Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Use, and the Incidence of Diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2211–2217

Drs. Kivimaki and Singh-Manoux (1) comment on our recent article (2) about symptoms of depression, antidepressant use, and incident diabetes in U.S. black women. In particular, they raise the possibility that the reported association between antidepressant use and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (2 …
Amine(polyfluoroalkoxyacyl)imide surfactants [1]

Abstract Twenty-one examples (10a–d, 11a–1 and 12a–e) of a new class of surfactants, the amine(polyfluoroalkoxyacyl)imides, were prepared by the reaction of esters containing polyfluoroalkoxy groups with tertiary alkylaminimides and hydroxyalkylaminimides. Included are five examples of difunctional aminacylimides that contain the hydrophilic portion of the molecule in the middle. These new surfactants are among the most potent known in their ability to form aqueous solutions with very low surface tensions and can be used to prepare stable emulsions of perfluorodecalin in water. Two new esters (ethyl perfluorooctyloxyacetate, 7, and ethyl 1H,1H- perfluorooctyloxyacetate, 9) used as intermediates to the surfactants were prepared by the alkylation of perfluoro- and 1H,1H-perfluorooctanol salts with ethyl bromoacetate. Other esters used in the preparation of the surfactants were derived from oligomers of hexafluoropropene oxide.
Introduction and Historical Perspective

Various microorganisms have evolved specialized, and in many cases, unique mechanisms for evading host defenses. For organisms such as pneumococci and Haemophilus, the presence of a capsular coat allows the organism to evade phagocytosis and multiply unchecked in the extracellular fluid. The ingestion of the pneumococcus by the pursuing polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) results in the subsequent death of this pathogen in the hydrogen peroxide-filled atmosphere of the phagolysosome. Minute amounts of antibody directed towards the antigenic determinants of the capsular polysaccharide render the pneumococcus an easy target for the PMN. Thus, excellent protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is provided for non-immune animals receiving injections of immune serum.
Hepatic portal venous gas in paralytic ileus

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare radiographic finding associated with severe intra-abdominal disease and fatal outcome. Most cases of HPVG are historically related to mesenteric ischemia accompanied by bowel necrosis. The current spread of computed tomography scan promotes not only the early detection of related severe diseases but also the identification of other causes of HPVG. It has been reported in many non-fatal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, intra-abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic sphincterotomy, and gastric dilatation. Among these, paralytic ileus is a very rare condition, with no case yet reported in South Korea. Reported herein is a case of HPVG in paralytic ileus, which was treated well internally and was promptly resolved.
Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways by Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

Cell signaling pathways, responsible for maintaining a balance between cell proliferation and death, have emerged as rational targets for the management of cancer. Emerging data amassed from various laboratories around the world suggests that green tea, particularly its major polyphenolic constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), possesses remarkable cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential against various cancer sites in animal tumor bioassay systems and in some human epidemiologic studies. EGCG has been shown to modulate multiple signal transduction pathways in a fashion that controls the unwanted proliferation of cells, thereby imparting strong cancer chemopreventive as well as therapeutic effects. This review discusses the modulations of important signaling events by EGCG and their implications in cancer management.
Unified single-pass model of linewidths in the Hänsch, single- and double-grating grazing-incidence dye lasers

A N2-pumped dye laser is modeled as a spectrometer. An equivalent entrance/exit slit function is developed and used to calculate the single-pass linewidths for the Hansch, single- and double-grating grazing-incidence dye laser cavities. The results of these detailed calculations are expressed in grating-dependent terms to show the unity of the three solutions and to illustrate performance differences of the three cavities for any particular grating size, groove spacing, and order.
Summer Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength in the United States: Comparison among Observations, Reanalysis Data, and Numerical Models

AbstractThis study examines the land–atmosphere coupling strength during summer over subregions of the United States based on observations [Climate Prediction Center (CPC)–Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC)], reanalysis data [North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR)], and models [Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3)–Community Land Model, version 3 (CLM3) and CAM4–CLM4]. The probability density function of conditioned correlation between soil moisture and subsequent precipitation or surface temperature during the years of large precipitation anomalies is used as a measure for the coupling strength. There are three major findings: 1) among the eight subregions (classified by land cover types), the transition zone Great Plains (and, to a lesser extent, the Midwest and Southeast) are identified as hot spots for strong land–atmosphere coupling; 2) soil moisture–precipitation coupling is weaker than soil moisture–surface temperature coupling; and 3) ...
Preservation of quality of life with doxorubicin drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Longitudinal prospective study

Background and Aim The study aims to determine the effects of doxorubicin drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) therapies on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This is a single-center, prospective study assessing HRQOL of consecutive patients with unresectable HCC who underwent DEB-TACE. Longitudinal assessment of HRQOL scores via Short-Form-36 (SF-36) was performed. Baseline HRQOL scores were evaluated for significant change (P < 0.05) pre-therapy, post-therapy, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Analysis of overall survival (OS) from HCC diagnosis and OS from first DEB-TACE was performed. Paired t-tests were used to compare HRQOL domain scores. Results One hundred eighteen patients (83 male; median age 60 years) were enrolled. Patients had lower baseline scores within all eight HRQOL domains of the SF-36 compared with US age-adjusted healthy norms. No significant changes in all eight domains were observed post-therapy and at 6- or 12-month follow-up compared with baseline (P > 0.05). No significant differences in all eight domains were observed between patients receiving ≥ 4 versus ≤ 3 DEB-TACE (P > 0.05). Both groups were similar for age at HCC diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, HCC etiology, Child–Pugh class and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (P > 0.05). Patients receiving staged DEB-TACE demonstrated significantly greater median OS from HCC diagnosis (≥ 4 vs ≤ 3 DEB-TACE procedures, 31.9 vs 23.7 months, P = 0.04) and from first DEB-TACE (≥ 4 vs ≤ 3 DEB-TACE, 29.1 vs 20.2 months, P = 0.03). Conclusion DEB-TACE therapy for HCC demonstrated long-term preservation of HRQOL. In addition, staged DEB-TACE with four or more therapies does not significantly impact long-term HRQOL compared with patients who received three or fewer therapies.
Effect of microsphere binding site density on the apparent affinity of an interaction partner.

Background: Flow cytometric microsphere-based binding assays can be used to measure molecular interactions with high sensitivity. We have used multiplexed microsphere technology to explore the effect that binding site density has on the apparent affinity of a soluble interaction partner. Methods: The interaction of a nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand binding domain (PPARγ LBD), with a synthetic peptide derived from a nuclear receptor coactivator protein, PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), is the interacting system being studied. The density of this peptide coupled to fluorescently unique microsphere populations is varied by co-incubating the biotinylated peptide and avidin-coated microsphere populations with increasing the amounts of free D-biotin. The discrete-density peptide-coupled microsphere populations are combined to conduct a multiplexed binding experiment with Alexa 532-labeled PPARγ LBD, in the absence or presence of a small molecule ligand. Results: As the immobilized binding site density of PGC-1α peptide on fluorescent microspheres is increased the measured apparent affinity for PPARγ LBD is increased. Conclusions: The density of binding sites immobilized to a surface has a pronounced effect on the apparent affinity for soluble binding partners. By controlling and varying the binding site density it is possible to increase the sensitivity of an interaction assay. In multiplexed assay formats it should be possible to normalize intrinsically unequal binding interactions by individually optimizing the binding site density of the immobilized interaction partner. However, to quantitatively measure intrinsic affinities of molecular interactions, low binding site densities are required and multivalent reagents must be avoided. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Instrumental escape learning in neonatal C3H mice

Five groups of C3H mice, 3-11 days of age, were given 25 trials in a straight-alley shock-escape task. Improved performance was indicated by a decrease in the number of competing responses made over training trials by all age groups and by an increase in the number of trials on which no competing responses occurred for groups 5-11 days of age. Running speeds appeared to reflect differences between age groups in the development of motor abilities rather than in learning capacities. These results support previous research indicating successful escape learning in neonatal mice and rats 5 days of age and extend this general finding to C3H mice as young as 3 days of age.
Determinants of patchy metabolic labeling in the somatosensory cortex of cats: a possible role for intrinsic inhibitory circuitry

Despite repeated experimental demonstration that somatic stimulation leads to an intermittent, "column-like" pattern of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) label in the somatosensory cortex, the functional significance of this pattern remains uncertain. A number of recent studies have suggested that the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA may play an influential role in the cortical processing of sensory information. To test the possibility that GABA-mediated inhibitory processes might participate in the formation of the 2DG patches, the 2DG pattern obtained under "normal" experimental conditions was compared with the pattern observed when cortical inhibition was modified by topical application of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BIC). Under "normal" experimental conditions, we found that somatic stimulation led to an intermittent, patch like distribution of 2DG uptake in cat somatosensory cortex, which exhibited consistent features in animals studied using the same stimulus and experimental condition. Reconstructions of the stimulus-evoked activity patterns revealed that the label was confined to territories known to receive input from the stimulated body region and was organized into elongated strips. Topical application of BIC to the somatosensory cortex dramatically altered the dimension of the metabolic patches, which were often embedded in a field of elevated 2DG uptake. In BIC-treated hemispheres the average width of 2DG patches was 1266 microns, whereas the average width of patches in the opposite untreated hemisphere (elicited by identical stimuli) was 713 microns. Unfolded maps of the labeling pattern revealed that in the BIC-treated hemispheres adjacent "strips" of 2DG label tended to fuse, leading to a less intermittent distribution than that observed in the untreated hemispheres. An important role for GABA in the formation of the normal cortical response to somatic stimulation is suggested.
Vertical Boil Propagation from a Submerged Estuarine Sill

[1] Surface disruptions by boils during strong tidal flows over a rocky sill were observed in thermal infrared imagery collected at the Snohomish River estuary in Washington State. Locations of boil disruptions and boil diameters at the surface were quantified and are used to test an idealized model of vertical boil propagation. The model is developed as a two-dimensional approximation of a three-dimensional vortex loop, and boil vorticity is derived from the flow shear over the sill. Predictions of boil disruption locations were determined from the modeled vertical velocity, the sill depth, and the over-sill velocity. Predictions by the vertical velocity model agree well with measured locations (rms difference 3.0 m) and improve by using measured velocity and shear (rms difference 1.8 m). In comparison, a boil-surfacing model derived from laboratory turbulent mixed-layer wakes agrees with the measurements only when stratification is insignificant.
Advanced vehicle location system for paratransit in Iowa

The success of paratransit depends on reliable, efficient service. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) offers the promise of a technological means of addressing this need. The author reports on accuracy required, consistency of reporting the frequency of polling and display requirements. The experience gained from a low cost application of AVL to both paratransit and fixed route systems in Des Moines, Iowa is discussed.
Submerged Biomimetic Electrostatic Imaging in salt water

In figure 7, the actual location and diameter of the pipe target is indicated by a red circle. The imaging approach correctly identifies the pipe target's location, but it also identifies several other false-positive regions. This degrades the position accuracy in aggregate, but, in certain applications, may still provide accurate position estimation since each of the white regions is distinct and one of them is correct. In our investigation of 55 images in four trials (220 images in total) no false-negatives were recorded - a reality guaranteed by the modeling process.
Mitigating the effects of explosions in underground electrical vaults

An explosion software package is used to assess the effectiveness of several simple and inexpensive safety devices that can minimize the dangers of explosions in underground electrical vaults. The software is capable of determining the forces on a manhole cover as high-pressure air and gases are expelled from the vault. This information is used to determine the feasibility of several devices designed to mitigate the effect of the explosion. The potential designs focus on modifications to the vault and manhole cover that limit the motion of the cover and reduce the severity of the explosive forces. The devices that are examined include bolts that fasten the cover to the vault, vented and lightweight manhole covers and covers that are attached to the vault by tethers. No single safety device will completely eliminate all of the dangers associated with an explosion. Rigidly attaching the manhole cover to the vault with bolts is not recommended, because a reasonable number of bolts are often not sufficient to withstand the high pressures that result when the cover is held down and the vault is unable to vent. If the bolts finally fail, the vault will vent at a high pressure and subject the manhole cover to potentially dangerous forces. A lightweight, vented cover restrained by elastic webbing, on the other hand, will permit gases to vent at a lower pressure and greatly reduce the hazards posed by the explosion. The use of a rigid tether such as a steel cable or chain is not recommended due to the excessive forces that the manhole cover will exert on the tether and the attachment points.
Angiogenic and immune signatures in plasma of young relatives at familial high-risk for psychosis and first-episode patients: A preliminary study

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous disorder that presents in adolescence, persists into adulthood, and has many clinical features. Recent evidence suggests that abnormalities in inflammatory, neurotrophic, and angiogenic processes may play a role in the etiology of SZ. The identification of molecular biomarkers early in the course of disease is crucial to transforming diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. We investigated 14 molecular analytes focusing on inflammatory, neurotrophic and angiogenic pathways from the plasma of antipsychotic-naive familial high risk for SZ (FHR; n=35) and first-episode psychosis (FEP; n=45) subjects, in comparison to healthy controls (HC, n=39). We identified distinct alterations in molecular signatures in young relatives at FHR for SZ prior to psychosis onset and FEP subjects. Firstly, the expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), an anti-angiogenic factor that binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was significantly increased in the FHR group compared to HC, but not in FEP. Secondly, interferon gamma (IFNγ) was significantly reduced in the FEP group compared to HC. Thirdly, network analysis revealed a positive correlation between sFlt-1 and VEGF, suggesting an activation of the angiogenic cascade in the FHR group, which persists in FEP. Our results indicate an angiogenesis and immunological dysfunction early in the course of disease, shifting the balance towards anti-angiogenesis and inflammation.
Stevedoring of Buhos Workers: Occupational Hazards and Management in Port Area, Macabalan, Cagayan De Oro City

This study is descriptive in nature and has four main objectives: (i) determined the factors that influenced the type of tasks performed by stevedores, (ii) the occupational health hazards they encountered in their work, (iii) the working conditions that exacerbated workers exposure, and (iv) their management of health problems. A purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of 72 male and female stevedores in the Port area, Cagayan de Oro City. The data were gathered using a survey instrument. The instrument was earlier constructed and was later modified with the use of pre-test results to address the objectives of the study. Respondents’ age ranged from16 to 61 years above, with minimal formal education, and with personal monthly income of P 5,000 and below. This study identifies stevedores who were involved in buhos work in the port. Their tasks involved sacks wrecking, sacks withdrawing, tying of cellophane bags, operating a hooper, sacks palletizing into the dunnage, sacks pulling from the hooper, sewing of sacks, and shoveling of products inside the ship. This study reveals that gender played important role in the appropriation of certain tasks: men performed tasks involving lifting, pushing and pulling of heavier products while women were involved to less arduous tasks involving hand and arm movements. Regardless of gender and tasks performed, male and female buhos workers were exposed to a set of common risky environmental conditions such (i) areas near the streets, (ii) slippery floors and surfaces, and moving heavy machinery, uncovered working spaces exposing workers to rain and direct sunlight. Stevedores managed their health hazards by resorting to a variety of self-care practices viz. using improvised protective gears at work, taking time off from work to recuperate, and taking over-the-counter drugs. In most cases, buhos workers solicited medical opinions from their immediate family, relatives and friends. Health seeking behavior involved visits to traditional healers like hilot as well. Workers rarely seek medical assistance from medical professionals due to limited access (e.g., port clinic) and financial constraints (e.g., government and private hospitals/clinics). In general, the study recommended that future research may be done among male stevedores who performed stevedoring tasks other than buhos activities such as stevedores involved with sacked products which are exported or imported in the port area (i.e. NFA rice, brown and white sugar, and salt). This will give comparison on the occurrence and management of occupational health hazards in the port area.
Thoracic radiology in kidney and liver transplantation.

Renal transplantation accounts for more than half of all solid organ transplants performed in the U.S., and the liver is the second most commonly transplanted solid organ. Although abdominal imaging procedures are commonplace in these patients, there has been relatively little attention paid to thoracic imaging applications. Preoperative imaging is crucial to aid in the exclusion of infectious or malignant disease. In the perioperative time period, thoracic imaging focuses both on standard intensive care unit care, including monitoring devices and their complications, and on the early infections that can occur. Postoperative management is divided into three time periods, and the principles governing the occurrence of infections and malignancies are reviewed. Anatomic and pathologic aspects unique to kidney and liver transplantation patients are also discussed.
Partial Spectral Analysis of Cardiac-Related Sympathetic Nerve Discharge

We have studied the relationship between pulse synchronous baroreceptor input (represented by the arterial pulse, AP) and the cardiac-related rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of urethan-...
Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for the Determination of (24R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Serum Using Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The two major forms of vitamin D, vitamin D3 and vitamin D2, are metabolized in the liver through hydroxylation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D species, and then further hydroxylated in the kidney to various dihydroxyvitamin D species. (24R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ((24R),25(OH)2D3) is a major catabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolism and is an important vitamin D metabolite used as a catabolism marker and indicator of kidney disease. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has recently developed a reference measurement procedure for the determination of (24R),25(OH)2D3 in human serum using isotope-dilution LC–MS/MS. The (24R),25(OH)2D3 and added deuterated labeled internal standard (24R),25(OH)2D3-d6 were extracted from serum matrix using liquid–liquid extraction prior to LC–MS/MS analysis. Chromatographic separation was performed using a fused-core C18 column. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used for LC–MS/MS. The accuracy of th...
MAO Activity in Patients with Delusional Misidentifications

Early reports suggested that Capgras syndrome is associated with functional psychoses, paranoid schizophrenia or manic-depressive illness and psychodynamic formulations for this phenomenon were reported (Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux, 1923; Courbon and Tusques, 1932). However, recent reports suggest that CNS organic dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the delusional misidentification syndromes (Christodoulou, 1976; Prescorn and Reveley, 1978; Wilcox and Waziri, 1983).
Human Subject Evaluation of Computer-Security Training Recommender

Security breaches in software systems cause massive financial and reputation losses to organizations and put their customers at risk by having their confidential data stolen. Delivering proper software security training to software developers is key to prevent such breaches. Conventional training methods do not take into account the code written by developers. The recommender system described in this paper analyzes developer code for security vulnerabilities and recommends mitigation strategies specific to each developer based on the detected vulnerabilities. The system utilizes a public vulnerability repository as its knowledge base. Such mitigation strategies are platform independent, giving further strength to the utility of the system. This paper extends our previous work and describes a human subject evaluation conducted to determine the usefulness of the system. Our evaluation suggests that this system successfully retrieves relevant training articles from the public vulnerability repository and human subjects found these articles to be suitable for training. The recommender system was found to be as effective as a commercial tool.
Genetic testing referral patterns and clinical outcomes among high-risk breast cancer survivors.

9589 Background: Referral patterns for genetic testing in breast cancer survivors are not well understood. We sought to identify a cohort of high-risk breast cancer survivors who had not been refer...
Adaptability of Family Therapy Modalities in the Treatment of Lesbian and Gay Clients with Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa (BN) has becoming an increasingly common form of eating disorder, particularly with gay and lesbian populations. The lack of current literature on this particular topic, as well as the limited resources for recommendations of treatment adaptations for this population is evident by the disproportionate number of sexual minorities that present for treatment. This paper discusses the possible reasons for the lack of literature and resources, and provides clinicians with the adaptations of Emotion Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Structural Family Therapy, and Internal Family Systems when working with lesbian and gay populations who are suffering from BN. This paper aims to contribute more to the limited research in the area of sexual minorities in hopes to broaden the understanding of the treatment of individuals, as well as family functioning. We attempt to adapt these therapy modalities to be more inclusive of these nuanced presenting concerns, and to provide clinicians from all scopes of practice a thorough look into the treatment of a sexual minority population.
Do Unto Others in War? The Golden Rule in Law of Armed Conflict Training

Law of armed conflict (LOAC) training employs different rationales to motivate soldiers and to induce their compliance with LOAC rules. Of these, none is as controversial, or as potentially contradictory, as the Golden Rule. This paper analyzes the role of the Golden Rule in historical and contemporary LOAC training material including manuals, pamphlets, circulars, and films. Research findings suggest that the Golden Rule became an increasingly popular training message after Vietnam War violations became public knowledge and that it remains an essential part of military training and doctrine. Furthermore, the Golden Rule is conceptually dynamic, having both positive and negative formulations. Since this paper is the first systematic examination of the Golden Rule in LOAC training material, the author hopes that it provides a foundation for further discussion.
The uptake of acetate: By Escherichia coli w

Abstract The uptake of acetate by intact cells of Escherichia coli w has been studied. Acetate uptake is inhibited competitively by propionate, but not butyrate. The uptake process exhibits biphasic saturation kinetics. The Km for the first phase is 6.0 μM and the Km for the second phase is 0.74 mM. These results suggest two separate processes are involved in acetate uptake. No free acetate was detected in the cells. The relationship of the processes measured by acetate uptake studies to acetokinase activity is discussed.
A unified materials approach to mitigating optical nonlinearities in optical fiber. II. A. Material additivity models and basic glass properties

The purpose of this paper, Part IIA in the trilogy [1-3], is to describe the continuum models employed to deduce the physical, acoustic, and optical properties of optical fibers that exhibit intrinsically low optical nonlinearities. The continuum models described herein are based on the additivity approaches of Winklemann and Schott (W-S). Initially developed over 120 years ago, W-S additivity works well for predicting the basic properties of bulk silicate glasses. While high-silica-content glasses are still the gold-standard for telecommunication and high energy laser fibers, the models have been systematically expanded to include deduction of the physical, thermophysical, and acoustic constants and coefficients that bear on parasitic nonlinearities. The state-of-the-art in W-S-based continuum materials models is reviewed here with specific examples provided based on canonical material systems suggested from the findings of Part I and treated in detail in Part III. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hydroelastic vibrations of a uniformly rotating infinitely long circular cylindrical container

The behavior of an incompressible and nonviscous liquid with a free surface in a uniformly fast rotating infinitely long elastic circular cylinder is treated. The natural frequencies of the liquid in a rigid container, as well as the response of the liquid to forced rigid and elastic container wall excitations are presented. Furthermore, the determination of the hydroelastic spin-slosh problem is presented, since the elasticity of the spinning container wall may considerably influence the magnitude of the coupled frequencies of the liquid-structure system.
Access to Lung Cancer Screening Services: Preliminary Analysis of Geographic Service Distribution Using the ACR Lung Cancer Screening Registry

Abstract Purpose Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer in the United States. The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated that low-dose CT for lung cancer screening decreases both lung cancer–related mortality and all-cause mortality. Currently, the only CMS-approved lung cancer screening registry is the Lung Cancer Screening Registry (LCSR) administered by the ACR. The aims of this study were to assess access to lung cancer screening services as estimated by the number and distribution of screening facilities participating in the LCSR, by state, and to evaluate state-level covariates that correlate with access. Methods The ACR LCSR list of participating lung cancer screening facilities was used as a proxy for the availability of lung cancer screening facilities in each state. Additionally, we normalized the number of facilities by state by the number of screening-eligible individuals using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. State-level demographics were obtained from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: poverty level, insured population, unemployed, black, and Latino. State-specific lung cancer incidence and death rates, number of active physicians per 100,000, and Medicare expenditure per capita were obtained. Linear regression models were performed to examine the influence of these state-level covariates on state-level screening facility number. QGIS, an open-source geographic information system, was used to map the distribution of lung cancer screening facilities and to estimate the nearest neighbor index, a measure of facility clustering within each state. Results As of November 18, 2016, 2,423 facilities participated in the LCSR. When adjusted by the rate of screening-eligible individuals per 100,000, the median population-normalized facility number was 15.7 (interquartile range, 10.7-19.3). There was a positive independent effect (coefficient = 12.87; 95% confidence interval, 10.93-14.8) between state-level number of screening facilities and rate of screening-eligible individuals per 100,000. There were no significant correlations between number of facilities and lung cancer outcomes, state demographic characteristics, or physician supply and Medicare expenditure. In most states, facilities are clustered rather than dispersed, with a median nearest neighbor index of 0.65 (interquartile range, 0.51-0.81). Conclusions Facility number correlated with the rate of screening-eligible individuals per 100,000, a measure of the at-risk population. Alignment of screening facility number and distribution with other clinically relevant epidemiologic factors remains a public health opportunity.
Land–atmosphere–ocean interactions in the southeastern Atlantic: interannual variability

Land–atmosphere–ocean interactions in the southeastern South Atlantic and their connections to interannual variability are examined using a regional climate model coupled with an intermediate-level ocean model. In austral summer, zonal displacements of the South Atlantic subtropical high (SASH) can induce variations of mixed-layer currents in the Benguela upwelling region through surface wind stress curl anomalies near the Namibian coast, and an eastward shifted SASH is related to the first Pacific–South American mode. When the SASH is meridionally displaced, mixed layer vertically-integrated Ekman transport anomalies are mainly a response to the change of alongshore surface wind stress. The latitudinal shift of the SASH tends to dampen the anomalous alongshore wind by modulating the land-sea thermal contrast, while opposed by oceanic diffusion. Although the position of the SASH is closely linked to the phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the southern annular mode (SAM) in austral summer, an overall relationship between Benguela upwelling strength and ENSO or SAM is absent. During austral winter, variations of the mixed layer Ekman transport in the Benguela upwelling region are connected to the strength of the SASH through its impact on both coastal wind stress curl and alongshore surface wind stress. Compared with austral summer, low-level cloud cover change plays a more important role. Although wintertime sea surface temperature fluctuations in the equatorial Atlantic are strong and may act to influence variability over the northern Benguela area, the surface heat budget analysis suggests that local air-sea interactions dominate.