cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An implementation of a graph-based modeling system for structured modeling (GBMS/SM)

Abstract This paper describes GBMS/SM, a graph-based modeling system based on structured modeling that supports model formulation, maintenance and solution. Key features of GBMS/SM include the following: (1) model construction using graphical inputs, (2) modeling in multiple problem domains, (3) syntax-directed editing, (4) model views at different levels of detail, (5) automation of model data acquisition, and (6) interfaces to solvers, spreadsheets and databases. This paper presents design and implementation details of GBMS/SM that are of general interest to graphical modeling system designers. Challenges that were encountered in the development of GBMS/SM are emphasized in this paper.
Determination of small carboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray-mass spectrometry

Abstract Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used with electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS) to analyze a mixture of succinic, maleic, malonic, and glutaric acids as the negative parent ions ([M–H] − ). The CE is coupled with the ES-MS via a make-up sheath flow. The CE mobile phase consists of an aqueous solution of naphthalene disulfonate (NDS), pyromellitic acid, and methanol, with diethylene triamine (DETA) as an electroosmotic flow modifier. Compromise experimental parameters for the CE separation and ES-MS detection are evaluated. Detection limits for CE–ES-MS determination of the sample are 1–10 ppm or 60–600 pg. The carboxylic acid sample is injected directly into the CE column with little or no preparation.
A comparison of theoretically determined and experimentally measured velocity distributions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) flow in a capillary

A streak photographic technique was used to determine the velocity distribution in a capillary produced by the flow of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). This uniquely designed quartz die assembly, which was fitted onto a melt extruder, permitted visualization of polymer flow behavior during melt spinning. Aluminum tracer particles were mixed with polymer chips prior to extrusion. A laser beam was directed through a lens system that illuminated the tracer particles in the melt only in a thin, vertical cross section of the transparent quartz die. A pressure-drop analysis was also performed on PET, under the same experimental conditions, to determine rheological properties of the polymer. By using these rheological properties theoretical velocity distributions were calculated for PET and then compared with the profiles obtained by the streak photographic technique.
Ordinary Predictions from Grand Principles: T Quark Mass in O(10)

Abstract We elaborate on a model proposed earlier in which the KM mixing angles and the t-quark mass are determined by the structure of the underlying grand unified theory, O(10). We describe the Higgs structure of the model explicitly. We assume that the model involves only two mass scales, the ordinary masses, less than a few hundred GeV, and the grand unification mass ∼10 16 GeV. This can lead to interesting phenomenological consequences in the Higgs sector.
Factors affecting hexavalent chromium reduction in pure cultures of bacteria

Abstract Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the rate of Cr(VI) reduction by two organisms, Bacillus sp. (a new isolate), and Pseudomonas fluorescens LB 300. Both organisms utilized glucose for Cr(VI) reduction under aerobic conditions. Higher Cr(VI) reduction rates were obtained with higher initial cell concentrations, but the specific rate (normalized against initial cell concentration), was higher at lower initial cell concentrations. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction by Bacillus sp. increased with initial Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 20 to 70 mg/l and decreased at higher concentrations. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction by LB 300 steadily increased with the initial Cr(VI) concentrations over the entire test range of 20–100 mg/l Cr(VI). Further studies with the new isolate, Bacillus sp., showed that neither sulfate nor nitrate affected Cr(VI) reduction. Also no correlations were found between the rate of Cr(VI) reduction and the redox potential of culture media. Experiments with cell-free extracts of Bacillus sp. indicated that soluble type of enzymes were responsible for Cr(VI) reduction in this organism.
Sex differences in voluntary fluid intake by older adults during exercise.

ABSTRACTPurpose:This study compared the voluntary fluid intake behavior of older men and women (54–70 yr) when provided cold, palatable beverages and ample opportunity to drink between repeated bouts of exercise in the heat.Methods:Thirteen men and 14 women performed four bouts of 15-min cycling at
F‐center hyperfine interactions in LiCl

We report an ENDOR study of the F-center hyperfine interaction constants of LiCl, through shell VIII, at 1.2 °K. The results agree with the previously published values only for the first and second shells. Es wird uber eine ENDOR-Messung der Hyperfeinstrukturkonstanten von F-Zentren in LiCl bis zur VIII. Schale bei 1,2 °K berichtet. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit fruher veroffentlichten Werten nur fur die ersten und zweiten Schalen uberein.
Performance and reliability of high power 7xx nm laser diodes

High power diode lasers in 7xx-nm region, have been needed for various applications. Compared to 9xx nm lasers that have been developed extensively in the last 20 years, high power lasers at 7xx-nm region presents much more challenges for operation power, efficiency, temperature performance and reliability. This paper will present recent progresses on 7xx nm laser diodes for the above attributes. Two laser designs will be reviewed and high power diode laser performance and reliability will be presented. Single emitter devices, with 200μm wide emitting width, show up to 10W reliable operation power, with peak efficiency more than 65%. Accelerated life testing at 12A, 50°C heatsink temperature has been running for thousands of hours. High temperature performance and high COMD threshold (> 20W) will also be shown. Life-test failure modes will also be discussed. In summary, with advanced epitaxial structure design and MOCVD process, critical facet passivation and advanced heatsink and bonding technology, 7xx-8xx nm devices have been demonstrated with high performance and reliability similar to those of 9xx nm devices.
Induction of Vγ2 Vδ2 T cell proliferation by activated, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and IL-2

Abstract Human γδ T cells respond to a wide range of ligands including some T lymphocyte cellular antigens associated with viral infection. In the present study we examined the participation of γδ T cells in the proliferative response that is induced in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by activated, antigen-reactive, CD4 + T cells. Activated, irradiated, myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells stimulate brisk proliferation when cultured with freshly isolated, autologous PBMC. Determination of the phenotype of the responding PBMC T cells revealed a prominent expansion of γδ T cells, principally of the Vγ2 subset. There was only minimal proliferation of PBMC following culture with irradiated, MBP-specific T cells that had not been recently activated. However, addition of rIL-2 to cultures of PBMC and nonstimulated MBP-specific T cells restored proliferation and the expansion of the γδ T cells. IL-2 alone did not mediate this effect. While MBP was a convenient antigen to use in these experiments, similar γδ T cell expansion in vitro was noted using activated, CD4 + T cells reactive with an exogenous antigen, Candida. In additional experiments, γδ-enriched T cell lines and certain Vγ2 T cell clones continued to respond to activated but not to nonstimulated, CD4 + T cells. Overall, this study suggests that Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells may proliferate as a consequence of the activation of CD4 + T cells. At least one ligand associated with T cell activation is required in addition to IL-2.
Early Palaeolithic on the Greek Islands

Humans evolved in Africa and colonized Eurasia in successive adaptive radiations, establishing themselves in Europe ca. one million years ago. It is assumed that these dispersals were by land through southwest Asia, or secondarily across the Strait of Gibraltar, because early hominins lacked the cognitive faculties and technical skills needed to cross the open Mediterranean. Such crossings are thought to have occurred only at the end of the Pleistocene, after ca. 11,000 years ago. This reasoning is challenged by the presence of early Palaeolithic artifacts on the Greek islands, suggesting that hominins made sea-crossings more than 130,000 years ago, and indicating that the Mediterranean—and by implication other seas—were at times open roads rather than barriers to hominin dispersals.
Adequacy of synthetic diets for reproduction of swine.

SummaryTwo sows which consumed synthetic diets and were given injections of approximately 400 μg each of vit. B12 reared their first litters. The weights of the pigs when weaned at 8 weeks were subnormal, 20 and 26 lbs., and there were other signs of mild nutritional deficiency. One of the sows received by injection 2,380 μg of the vitamin during a second gestation and lactation and reared a litter of 7 pigs with the unusual average weaning weight of 47 lbs. The other sow consumed during her second gestation and lactation a diet that contained a water extract of liver and weaned a litter of 7 with an average weight of 35 lbs. The inclusion of a liver extract in the synthetic diet was not more effective than was the injection of vit. B12 and the evidence indicates that swine can complete a normal life cycle on diets that contain no unrecognized nutrients.
Elasticity, Piezoelectricity and Crystal Lattice Dynamics

A review of some recent developments in the area between the dynamical theory of crystal lattices, in the harmonic approximation, and the classical, linear theories of elasticity and piezoelectricity.
Long Loop Reflexes: Concepts and Consequences

New experimental results on long latency reflexes in human limb muscles were presented by neurophysiologists and clinicians with great experience in this field. The scope of presentations reached from the pattern of long latency reflexes in leg muscles during stance and the modifications in various motor disorders to the firing behavior of single motor units during torque perturbations of the elbow and to the role of habituation in long latency reflexes. Finally, the effect of stereoencephalotomy on long latency reflexes in normals and patients with parkinsonian tremor was reviewed.
Method for primary culture of purified leydig cells isolated from adult rat testes

Preparations of 75–80% pure Leydig cells are prepared by Percoll gradient centrifugation of crude testicular interstitial cell suspensions. Using the methods described herein, the purified Leydig cells retain their functional characteristics for at least 72 hours in primary culture.
Repertoire of practice: Reconceptualizing instructor competency in contemporary adventure education

Abstract Historically, adventure educators have used the metaphor of hard and soft skills to understand their practice: hard skills representing technical competencies, and soft skills representing interpersonal competencies. In light of current research and in the face of increasingly complex varieties of adventure practice, the categorization of skills into “hard” or “soft” may obscure important aspects of experiential learning and limit the development of an effective pedagogy for adventure education. This paper interrogates the hard/soft metaphor from various perspectives and offers “repertoire of practice” (Wenger, 1998) as a possible framework to further discuss instruction and learning in contemporary adventure education. ‘What we have learned to see something as, becomes in turn, the guide to our outward practical activity’. (Wartofsky, 1979, p. 207)
Creep mapping in a polycrystalline ceramic: application to magnesium oxide and magnesiowustite

The construction of deformation mechanism maps for a polycrystalline ionic solid in which anion and cation transport are coupled has been demonstrated. Because of anioncation ambipolar coupling, two regimes of Coble creep are possible in systems where anion grain boundary transport is rapid: (1) rate-controlled at low temperatures and small grain sizes by cation grain-boundary diffusion, and (2) rate-limited at high temperatures and large grain sizes by anion grain-boundary diffusion. A new type of deformation mechanism map was introduced in which the temperature and grain size were primary variables. This map was shown to be particularly useful for materials which deform primarily by diffusional creep mechanisms. Ambipolar diffusional creep theory was used to construct several deformation mechanism maps for polycrystalline MgO and magnesiowustite over wide ranges of stress, grain size, temperature and composition.
The method of weighted residuals and its relation to certain variational principles for the analysis of transport processes

Abstract The approximation scheme entitled method of weighted residuals is extended to systems of differential equations and vector differential equations. The variational principles proposed by R osen , C hambers and B iot for unsteady-state heat transport are all shown to be applications of the method of weighted residuals. The von-Karman—Pohlhausen method and the method of moments are also shown to be special cases. The method is illustrated by application to the problem of unsteady heat transfer to a fluid in ideal stagnation flow.
Experimental determination of pargasite stability relations in the presence of orthopyroxene

The stability and partial melting of synthetic pargasite in the presence of enstatitic orthopyroxene (opx), forsterite, diopsidic clinopyroxene (cpx), plagioclase (An50), and water has been studied in the range of 0.4–6.0 kb and 750–1000°C in the system Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O with a fixed bulk composition of pargasite+5 opx. The addition of orthopyroxene effectively reduces the stability field of pargasite by approximately 200°C at 1 kb. The invariant point involving pargasite coexisting with water-saturated liquid and anhydrous phase shifts from about 0.85 kb and 1025°C to 2.5±0.5 kb and 925±25°C with the addition of opx. Based on the solidus mineral assemblage and direct chemical analysis of quenched glass, the vapor-saturated liquid has a composition close to that of intermediate plagioclase. A layered silicate, interpreted to be Na-phlogopite, has an upper-thermal stability that nearly equals that of pargasite in the field of partial melting and coexists with liquid, pargasite, cpx, and forsterite at 6 kb, 1000°C. These results support the hypothesis that mantle metasomatism could involve formation of pargasitic amphibole from a silicate melt at depths as shallow as 8–10 km.
Examples of testing against ordered alternatives in the analysis of mutagenicity data

Abstract A set of mutagenicity data is analyzed using 3 different statistical procedures which test against ordered alternatives. 2 of the tests are non-parametric procedures due to Jonckheere and Chacko. The other test involves correlating aligned concentration means with predicted concentration rankings. Each procedure is illustrated using the one data set. The appropriateness of these tests as opposed to classical ANOVA tests is discussed. As testing for mutagenicity may involve testing for increasing mutation frequency as a result of increasing the concentration of some compound these tests are relevant. It is hoped that the reader will become familiar with these tests which are straightforward and easy to perform.
Dissociation of increases in cyclic GMP from relaxation of arterial smooth muscle.

Abstract Glyceryl trinitrate increased the cyclic GMP content of epinephrine-contracted aortic strips from glyceryl trinitrate-tolerant rats in a dose-dependent manner. Glyceryl trinitrate (0.5 μg/ml) at a concentration that caused no relaxation of aortas from tolerant animals but a 42.4 ± 3.7% relaxation of control aortas, elevated cyclic GMP levels in both groups approximately 3-fold. The results are not consistent with the hypothesis that cyclic GMP is involved in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle.
An Owner's Manual to “Ownership”: A Reply to Lachapelle and McCool

In a recent article in Society & Natural Resources, Lachapelle and McCool (2005) argue for developing the concept of “ownership” to address challenges and shortcomings in natural resource planning....
Operationalizing the Learning Health Care System in an Integrated Delivery System

Introduction: The Learning Health Care System (LHCS) model seeks to utilize sophisticated technologies and competencies to integrate clinical operations, research and patient participation in order to continuously generate knowledge, improve care, and deliver value. Transitioning from concept to practical application of an LHCS presents many challenges but can yield opportunities for continuous improvement. There is limited literature and practical experience available in operationalizing the LHCS in the context of an integrated health system. At Geisinger Health System (GHS) a multi-stakeholder group is undertaking to enhance organizational learning and develop a plan for operationalizing the LHCS system-wide. We present a framework for operationalizing continuous learning across an integrated delivery system and lessons learned through the ongoing planning process. Framework: The framework focuses attention on nine key LHCS operational components: Data and Analytics; People and Partnerships; Patient and Family Engagement; Ethics and Oversight; Evaluation and Methodology; Funding; Organization; Prioritization; and Deliverables. Definitions, key elements and examples for each are presented. The framework is purposefully broad for application across different organizational contexts. Conclusion: A realistic assessment of the culture, resources and capabilities of the organization related to learning is critical to defining the scope of operationalization. Engaging patients in clinical care and discovery, including quality improvement and comparative effectiveness research, requires a defensible ethical framework that undergirds a system of strong but flexible oversight. Leadership support is imperative for advancement of the LHCS model. Findings from our ongoing work within the proposed framework may inform other organizations considering a transition to an LHCS.
Designing a collaborative visual analytics system to support users’ continuous analytical processes

In recent, numerous useful visual analytics tools have been designed to help domain experts solve analytical problems. However, most of the tools do not reflect the nature of solving real-world analytical tasks collaboratively because they have been designed for single users in desktop environments. In this paper, a complete visual analytics system is designed for solving real-world tasks having two integrated components: a single-user desktop system and an extended system suitable for a collaborative environment. Specifically, we designed a collaborative touch-table application (iPCA-CE) by adopting an existing single-user desktop analytical tool (iPCA). With the system, users can actively transit from individual desktop to shared collaborative environments without losing track of their analysis. They can also switch their analytical processes from collaborative to single-user workflows. To understand the usefulness of the system for solving analytical problems, we conducted a user study in both desktop and collaborative environments. From this study, we found that both applications are useful for solving analytical problems individually and collaboratively in different environments.
Differences in Conformation and Conformational Dynamics Between Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin DNA Adducts

Some DNA damage-recognition proteins, transcription factors, mismatch repair proteins and DNA polymerases discriminate between cisplatin (CP)- and oxaliplatin (OX)-GG DNA adducts, and this is thought to help explain differences in efficacy, toxiCity and mutageniCity of CP and OX. In addition, differential recognition of CP- and OX-GG adducts by some proteins has been shown to be highly dependent on the sequence context of the Pt-GG adduct. We have postulated that CP- and OX-GG adducts cause differences in the conformation and/or conformational dynamics of the DNA that provide the basis for differential protein recognition of the adducts. We have determined the NMR solution structure of CP-GG adducts, OX-GG adducts and undamaged DNA in the AGGC sequence context, and of OX-GG adducts and undamaged DNA in the TGGT sequence context. We have also employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the conformational dynamics of CP-GG adducts, OX-GG adducts and undamaged DNA in the AGGC and TGGA sequence contexts. These studies showed clear differences in the conformation dynamics between CP- and OX-GG adducts which correlated with the average conformational differences observed in the NMR solution structures and with conformations previously reported for the CP-GG DNA·HMG1a complex. When the conformational dynamics in both sequence contexts were compared it became evident that: (a) the patterns of hydrogen bond formation between Pt-amine-hydrogens and surrounding bases of the DNA were different for CP- and OX-GG adducts; (b) patterns of hydrogen bond formation were also influenced by the DNA sequence context of the Pt-GG adducts, and (c) differences in patterns of hydrogen bond formation were highly correlated with differences in the conformational dynamics of the adduct. Thus, we postulate that patterns of hydrogen bond formation between Pt-amine hydrogens and surrounding DNA bases are different for CP- and OX-GG adducts, and that those differences in hydrogen bond patterns result in DNA conformational differences that allow selective recognition of CP- and OX-GG adducts by a number of proteins that determine the relative cytotoxiCity and mutageniCity of those adducts.
Surface flashover sensitivity of silicon in vacuum

The high flashover sensitivity of high resistivity silicon in vacuum is discussed. Surface flashover fields of 5 - 30 kV/cm are common in silicon-vacuum systems, even though the intrinsic critical fields of silicon and vacuum are > 300 kV/cm. The influences of the material (bulk quality and surface processing), contact technology, contact geometry and electrode configuration on the preflashover and surface flashover characteristics of wafer samples in vacuum are analyzed.
Forget transcription: translation is where the action is.

Published ahead of print 18 March 2013 The views expressed in this Commentary do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM.
ESL and Deaf Education: Mutual Needs

The prelingually deaf, whose first language is American Sign (ASL), have a need to learn English just as do individuals coming from other countries. The teaching methods of English as a second language have proved successful when applied to deaf education and there is a need for improved cooperation between teachers of the deaf and teachers of ESL.
Heroes and Hebrews: The Priest in the Promised Land

Methods and results of the structural study of myth and Old Testament source and textual criticism are applied in this analysis of the myth of Moses. The context of the myth is first traced out through the historical circumstances conditioning the myth's textual development, and the major contradiction underlying the myth is identified. The myth is then shown to have served as a model through which the Israelites could resolve their conflicting political and religious aspirations through the details of Moses' life as presented in the myth.
Lymph node infarction: role of underlying malignancy, tumour proliferation fraction and vascular compromise – a study of 35 cases and a comprehensive review of the literature

Aims: To determine the roles of the presence of malignancy, tumour proliferation fraction, vascular compromise and therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations in lymph node infarction (LNI). Methods and results: Thirty-five cases of LNI were identified over a 20-year period. Of the 35 patients, 31 (89%) had an underlying malignancy: 27 of the 31 (87%) were haematologic malignancies, the rest being metastatic carcinoma (two), melanoma, and seminoma. Of the four patients without evidence of malignancy, two were diagnosed with viral infection, one had LNI adjacent to a thrombosed pancreas graft, and one was lost to follow-up. Ki67 immunostaining in viable tumour demonstrated a range (5–60%) of proliferation fractions. A history of fine needle aspiration alone was present in seven of the 35 patients (20%), a history of chemotherapy alone in 11 (31%), and a history of both in two (5.7%). Factor VIII immunostaining highlighted thrombosed and recanalized vessels next to the infarction. Conclusions: Infarction of lymph nodes is associated with previous, concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of malignancy in the vast majority of cases. Chemotherapy or previous fine needle aspiration can precipitate infarction in some cases, but infarction may occur without such intervention, possibly because of an underlying subacute or chronic vascular compromise produced by vascular thrombosis.
An Education Grounded in Biology: Interdisciplinary and Ethical Considerations

ABSTRACT—Work in the new area of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) raises epistemological and ethical issues. With respect to epistemology, the norms of the component disciplines must be honored and the resulting amalgam must be more than a mere sum of the parts. With respect to ethics, the roles of scientist, educator, and practitioner each raise ethical dilemmas and the MBE worker must be cognizant of each set of dilemmas and the possible strains among them. Only if both of these spheres are confronted can good work be achieved in MBE.
The brain as generator of transcephalically measured direct current potentials.

The transcephalic direct current potentials are slowly changing voltages measured between specified diploic-emissary vein distributions on the intact surface of the scalp. Significant correlations have been found between these voltages and various psychological functions which appear consistent with the functional properties of the subjacent cortex. In an effort to specify the location of the source of these potentials, virtually every conceivable voltage generating tissue and structure of the head was studied for its dc voltage effects both under maximal stimulation and maximal inhibition (i.e. surgical ablation or chemical inactivation). Structures studied were: the various layers of the scalp itself; scalp sweat glands; the nervous and vascular supply of the scalp; the structures of the orbit; the muscular distribution of the head; the skull; the meninges; and finally the vascular supply of the cortex and the cortex itself. It was found that no structure played any significant dc generating role except the cortex. It was also possible to demonstrate a cortex to scalp circuit pathway which runs principally within a centrifugally running intravascular system. It appears warranted to conclude that transcephalically measured direct current potentials are generated by the cortex.
Applications of fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging in the detection of infection and inflammation and other benign disorders

Abstract FDG-PET has great potential in the evaluation of a variety of inflammatory and infectious disorders and possibly other benign disorders. FDG-PET is very helpful in the evaluation of chronic osteomyelitis, sarcoidosis, FUO, and differentiating toxoplasmosis from lymphoma in the central nervous system in HIV-positive patients. The assessment of efficacy of FDG-PET in the evaluation of arthroplasty-associated infection, large-vessel vasculitis, and other inflammatory and infectious disorders is ongoing but seems quite promising at this time.
The Search for dark matter

The particle constituting probably more than 90% of the mass of the universe is unknown in the Standard Model of particle physics. Non-accelerator experiments, particularly those using Ge and Si detectors, and accelerator experiments, especially at SLC and LEP, have eliminated as dark matter wide classes of candidate particles. Examples are weak isodoublet neutrinos of mass ≳30 eV/c2, sneutrinos, technibaryons, microcharged shadow matter, and probably Cosmions, which could both be dark matter and solve the solar neutrino problem.
The effect of surgeon specialization on outcomes after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective Although mortality after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has steadily declined, operative mortality for a ruptured AAA (rAAA) remains high. Repair of rAAA at hospitals with a higher elective aneurysm workload has been associated with lower mortality rates irrespective of the mode of treatment. This study sought to determine the association between surgeon specialization and outcomes after rAAA repair. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database from 2005 to 2010 was used to examine the 30-day mortality and morbidity outcomes of patients undergoing rAAA repair by vascular and general surgeons. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for each death and morbidity, adjusting for all independently predictive preoperative risk factors. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results We identified 1893 repairs of rAAAs, of which 1767 (96.1%) were performed by vascular surgeons and 72 (3.9%) were performed by general surgeons. There were no significant differences between patients operated on by general vs vascular surgeons in preoperative risk factors or method of repair. Overall 30-day mortality was 34.3% (649 of 1893). After risk adjustment, mortality was significantly lower in the vascular surgery group compared with the general surgery group (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.86; P = .011). The risk of returning to the operating room (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.97; P = .038), renal failure (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.95; P = .034), and a cardiac complication (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.99; P = .047) were all significantly less in the vascular surgery group. Conclusions Despite similar preoperative risk factors profiles, patients who were operated on by vascular surgeons had lower mortality, less frequent returns to the operating room, and decreased incidences of postoperative renal failure and cardiac events. These data add weight to the case for further centralization of vascular services.
Information Technology and Organizational Learning: An Investigation of Exploration and Exploitation Processes

This study investigates the effects of information technology (IT) on exploration and exploitation in organizational learning (OL). We use qualitative evidence from previously published case studies of a single organization to extend an earlier computational model of organizational learning (March 1991) by introducing IT-enabled learning mechanisms: communication technology (e-mail), knowledge repositories of best practices, and groupware. We find that each of these IT-enabled learning mechanisms enable capabilities that have a distinct effect on the exploration and exploitation learning dynamics in the organization. We also find that this effect is dependent on organizational and environmental conditions, as well as on the interaction effects between the various mechanisms when used in combination with one another. We explore the implications of our results for the use of IT to support organizational learning.
Large unilamellar lipid vesicles for use in therapeutic and diagnostic medicine

AbstractLarge unilamellar lipid vesicles are prepared by a detergent dialysis procedure using β-D-octylglucoside as the detergent. This procedure is nondenaturing and allows for the encapsulation of sensitive biological molecules. Vesicles prepared with the composition of 2 mol phosphatidylcholine and 1 mol cholesterol have a mean diameter of 200nm and allow for the encapsulation of ISO molecules of alkaline phosphatase per vesicle without loss of activity. Stability studies show that less than 4 per cent of the original enzyme leaks from the vesicles over a 250 day period upon storage at 4°C. A mechanistic model for vesicle formation is described to provide a clear understanding of the events occurring during the encapsulation stages.
CEPT-a computer-aided manufacturing application for managing equipment reliability and availability in the semiconductor industry

A ten-man-year computer system development and deployment effort to improve equipment utilization at Intel Corp.'s manufacturing facilities is discussed. The features of the equipment management system and the joint effort by Sematech and Intel to develop an equipment performance analysis system that will lay the foundation for an industry-wide standard are described. The equipment management system was layered on top of the computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system used in the company. A key by-product of the equipment performance management system introduction is a vastly improved user interface. Application migration in a rapidly changing distributed architecture and integration with expert systems and station controllers are also considered. >
Parameters of Reserpine Analogs That Induce MSH2/MSH6-Dependent Cytotoxic Response.

Mismatch repair proteins modulate the cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents. We have recently proposed a “death conformation” of the MutS homologous proteins that is distinguishable from their “repair conformation.” This conformation can be induced by a small molecule, reserpine, leading to DNA-independent cell death. We investigated the parameters for a small reserpine-like molecule that are required to interact with MSH2/MSH6 to induce MSH2/MSH6-dependent cytotoxic response. A multidisciplinary approach involving structural modeling, chemical synthesis, and cell biology analyzed reserpine analogs and modifications. We demonstrate that the parameters controlling the induction of MSH2/MSH6-dependent cytotoxicity for reserpine-analogous molecules reside in the specific requirements for methoxy groups, the size of the molecule, and the orientation of molecules within the protein-binding pocket. Reserpine analog rescinnamine showed improved MSH2-dependent cytotoxicity. These results have important implications for the identification of compounds that require functional MMR proteins to exhibit their full cytotoxicity, which will avoid resistance in MMR-deficient cells.
Regret-Based Decentralized Adaptation of Web Processes with Coordination Constraints

We present a new approach for adapting Web processes to input data volatility while respecting possible coordination constraints between the process participants. We focus on modeling the decision making process of service managers that are responsible for accomplishing the activities of an abstractly defined process. Compared to previous approaches that either employ a process manager overseeing all service managers or have a coordination mechanism which must be perfectly observed by all service managers, our approach does not need any central component but endows each service manager with the ability to communicate with other service managers. We define a regret-based coordination mechanism in order to motivate managers to respond to the communication. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach performs better than the previous decentralized approach while addressing the scalability problem suffered by the globally optimal centralized approach.
Enhancing Traditional Behavioral Parent Training for Single Mothers of Children with ADHD

Behavioral parent training is an efficacious treatment for attention-deficit=hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, single-mother households are at high risk for poor outcomes during and following behavioral parent training. This study randomly assigned cohorts of 120 single mothers of children (ages 5–12 years) with ADHD to a waitlist control group, a traditional behavioral parent training program, or an enhanced behavioral parent training program—the Strategies to Enhance Positive Parenting (STEPP) program. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated benefits of participating in behavioral parent training, in general, and the STEPP program more specifically at immediate posttreatment on child and parental functioning. Moreover, the STEPP program resulted in increased engagement to treatment. However, results indicated that behavioral parent training does not normalize behavior for most children and treatment gains are not maintained.
Radioactive Decay of Yb 177

The decay characteristics of the 1.8-hr negatron emitter ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{177}$ have been investigated by means of betaray and gamma-ray coincidence scintillation spectrometers. Gamma rays of energies 0.118, 0.140, 0.147, 0.95, 1.09, 1.12, and 1.24 Mev are found to accompany the decay. The gamma-ray energy and intensity data can be satisfied by postulating excited levels in ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{177}$ at 0.118, 0.147, 0.287, and 1.24 Mev. Beta-gamma coincidence scintillation spectrometer studies indicate that the 0.118-, 0.147-, and 1.24-Mev levels as well as the ground state of ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{177}$ are directly populated by beta decay from ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{177}$. Tentative spin and parity assignments for the excited levels of ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{177}$ are presented.
A longitudinal study of the JAK2(V617F) mutation in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: analysis at two time points

Serial analysis for the activating JAK2(V617F) mutation performed in 44 patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia showed no interval change in 88% (22/25) of patients over a median interval of 18.6 months. The increase in JAK2 expression observed in three patients did not correspond to disease progression or leukemic transformation.
WINDS FROM ROTATING WOLF-RAYET STARS: THE WIND-COMPRESSED ZONE MODEL

Theoretical models for Wolf-Rayet winds that include the effects of rotation and magnetic fields are discussed. These are of two types: magnetic rotator models and wind compression models. The magnetic rotator models are examples of equatorial expulsion models, typically requiring large rotation rates to produce significant equatorial density enhancements. Wind- compression models are introduced here as an application of the two-dimensional Wind-Compressed Disk (WCD) model that has recently been developed for Be stars. An equatorial disk forms because of the supersonic confluence of the flow from the upper and lower hemispheres of the star. In the application to WR stars, we suggest that disk formation is not required, and instead a less extreme example that we call a wind-compressed zone (WCZ) may suffice. Because the winds of WR stars have a geometrically extended acceleration region, or a “slow” velocity law, there can be compressions by an order of magnitude, even with moderate stellar rotation rates of about 16% critical. Magnetic flux conservation is then used to estimate the enhancement of the field strength that occurs because of the equatorial wind-compression. We consider an application of the model to explain the occurrence of polarization and dust formation among only some WR stars. Finally, we consider the WR + compact companion system WR 147, and suggest that the enhanced accretion in a WCZ could help explain the large X-ray emission.
Assigning television commercial videotapes to time slots under alternative message spacing policies

A number of studies in the psychological and marketing literature have focused on the effects of message spacing on consumer memory and judgement. The importance of message spacing has also been exemplified by a crucial scheduling problem in the broadcast television industry that requires the assignment of multiple airings of commercial videotapes to purchased slots of air time. Existing models for this problem are restricted to the case of equal spacing of successive airings in terms of slot position. In light of the fact that equal spacing of messages is not necessarily the best course of action in all situations, we present an alternative model that enables greater flexibility with respect to the spacing of commercial messages. For example, the model allows for equal temporal spacing of commercials in addition to equal spacing in terms of slot position. More importantly, the model permits spacing options that allow for pulsing strategies associated with well-separated bursts of commercial airings, as w...
Chapter 35 The Tatonduk inlier, Alaska–Yukon border

Abstract Glaciogenic deposits of the Rapitan and Hay Creek Groups are exposed in the Tatonduk inlier of east-central Alaska and the western Yukon. The Rapitan Group ranges in thickness from c. 50 to 700 m with Fe-formation common in the upper 10 m. In the most distal settings, the Rapitan Group is separated from the diamictite of the Hay Creek Group by over 100 m of sandstone and siltstone; however, the Hay Creek Group contains large erosive surfaces and cannibalizing breccia, and rarely preserves strata between the two glaciogenic deposits. The diamictite of the Hay Creek Group is capped by a white- to buff-coloured dolostone with pseudo-teepee structures, bed-parallel, isopachous sheet-crack cements, and a depleted C-isotope signature. Late Neoproterozoic glacial deposits in the Tatonduk inlier were formerly assigned to the Tindir Group. To simplify the nomenclature in the northwestern Canadian Cordillera, the Tindir Group was abandoned and replaced with nomenclature consistent with that of the Windermere Supergroup in the Mackenzie Mountains. The mixed lithology and anchizone-grade metamorphism distinguish the Rapitan and Hay Creek Groups in the Tatonduk inlier as attractive future targets for integrated micropalaeontology, geochemistry, palaeomagnetism and geochronology.
Fibrillin-1 Gene Mutations in Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy.

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a unique cardiomyopathy with a current yield of about 30–40 % in identifying a causative gene mutation. A retrospective review of all patients with LVNC at our institution was performed and genetic testing was reviewed. Echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed to corroborate the reported phenotype. We present a series of patients with LVNC dilated phenotype associated with fibrillin-1 gene mutations. Fifty-one patients were identified as having LVNC with reduced left ventricular function and/or left ventricular dilation. We retrospectively reviewed gene testing in this cohort when available and identified 5 patients (10 %) with an FBN1 gene mutation. Syndrome breakdown as follows: 3 with Marfan, 1 with Shprintzen-Goldberg, and 1 with no identifiable syndrome. Derangements in fibrillin-1 may impact the compaction process resulting in LVNC. Although causation has not been proven by our report, it certainly raises interest in a possible mechanistic relationship between fibrillin-1 and LVNC given the increased prevalence of Marfan syndrome and fibrillin-1 gene mutations in this cohort.
A novel TRPV4-specific agonist inhibits monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis

// Suowen Xu 1 , Bin Liu 1 , Meimei Yin 1 , Marina Koroleva 1 , Michael Mastrangelo 1 , Sara Ture 1 , Craig N. Morrell 1 , David X. Zhang 2 , Edward A. Fisher 3 and Zheng Gen Jin 1 1 Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA 2 Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA 3 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Correspondence to: Zheng Gen Jin, email: // Keywords : AMPK, atherosclerosis, GSK1016790A, shear stress, TRPV4 Received : December 29, 2015 Accepted : April 29, 2016 Published : May 14, 2016 Abstract TRPV4 ion channel mediates vascular mechanosensitivity and vasodilation. Here, we sought to explore whether non-mechanical activation of TRPV4 could limit vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We found that GSK1016790A, a potent and specific small-molecule agonist of TRPV4, induces the phosphorylation and activation of eNOS partially through the AMPK pathway. Moreover, GSK1016790A inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells. Mice given GSK1016790A showed increased phosphorylation of eNOS and AMPK in the aorta and decreased leukocyte adhesion to TNF-α-inflamed endothelium. Importantly, oral administration of GSK1016790A reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE deficient mice fed a Western-type diet. Together, the present study suggests that pharmacological activation of TRPV4 may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis.
A new means of physical simulation-development of MMS-100 thermo-mechamical simulator

MMS -100 thermo-mechanical simulator was developed successfully. Heating principle, hydraulic system, control and measurement system, multifunction tests and main performance parameters of MMS -100 thermo-mechanical simulator are put emphasis on the paper.
ITO/SiOx:H stacks for silicon heterojunction solar cells

Abstract A method of reducing optical losses in the transparent conductive oxides (TCO) used in silicon heterojunction solar cells without compromising with series resistance is described. In the method the thickness of a TCO is reduced two-three times and a hydrogenated dielectric is deposited on top to form a double layer antireflection coating. The conductivity of a thin TCO is increased due to the effect of hydrogen treatment supplied from the capping dielectric during the post deposition annealing. The optimized cells with ITO/SiOx:H stacks achieved more than 41 mA/cm2 generation current on 120-micron-thick wafers while having approximately 100 Ω/square sheet resistance. The paper also considers integration of ITO/SiOx:H stacks with Cu plating and using ITO/SiNx/SiOx triple layer antireflection coatings.
Cyclodestructive procedures for refractory glaucoma

Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It results in a progressive loss of peripheral vision and, in late stages, loss of central vision leading to blindness. Early treatment of glaucoma aims to prevent or delay vision loss. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main causal modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Aqueous outflow obstruction is the main cause of IOP elevation, which can be mitigated either by increasing outflow or reducing aqueous humor production. Cyclodestructive procedures use various methods to target and destroy the ciliary body epithelium, the site of aqueous humor production, thereby lowering IOP. The most common approach is laser cyclophotocoagulation.
THE ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENY OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

Embryos undergo development; ancestors have undergone evolution, but in their day they also were the products of development.
Long-term survival after distant metastasis in oropharyngeal carcinoma.

5594 Background: The possibility of cure after distant metastases (DM) in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) is uncertain. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine outcome and factors predictive of survival after metastasis in patients with OPC. Methods: From 2003-2010, 24 patients definitively treated (96% with concurrent chemo-radiation) at the Massachusetts General Hospital for OPC subsequently developed DM. At initial diagnosis, HPV status was available in 13 patients, 12 of whom were positive; six patients had T4 and 12 N2c-3 disease. Imaging studies pertinent to the diagnosis of DM were re-reviewed; 83% of patients had DM pathologically confirmed. Overall survival (OS) was defined from 1st radiographic evidence of DM to either death or last follow-up. Cox regression was used to evaluate factors predictive of OS after DM. Results: Median time to DM after initial treatment was 8.25 months (range, 1.6-24). Twenty (83%) patients had isolated distant failure; of these, 6 had limited (1 lesion or...
Screening for lung cancer

This review will comprise a general overview of the epidemiology of lung cancer, as well as lung cancer risk factors, screening modalities, current guideline recommendations for screening, and our approach to lung cancer screening.