cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model for Scale-Degree Reinterpretation: Melodic Structure, Modulation, and Cadence Choice in the Chorale Harmonizations of J. S. Bach

This paper reports a corpus study of the 371 chorale harmonizations by J. S. Bach. Specifically, this study investigates what kinds of events are typical at phrase endings given various melodic conditions, i.e., how well melodic structure is a predictor of modulation and cadence choices. Each fermata event was analyzed by ear and encoded with regard to the local key area and the cadence type. The frequency of each cadence type was then tabulated with respect to categorizations of the melodic structure (in terms of the intervallic pattern and scale degree content) prior to and including the cadential arrival. It is shown that most fermata events can be categorized by a small collection of event types. As a result, a simplified conceptual model of cadence choice is posited. This model proposes that a basic harmonization default is to (re-)interpret the soprano note at the fermata as scale-degree 1, 2, or 3 in some closely- related key area via an authentic or half cadence. The efficacy of this model is found to be very good, especially given a stepwise melodic descent into the fermata. Moreover, an overall success rate above 90% can be achieved by accounting for other cadence types through the specific musical contexts in which they occur.
A philosophical and empirical analysis of subjects' modes of inquiry in Wason's 2-4-6 task.

Investigations of hypothesis-testing behaviour typically conclude that subjects' methods are characterized by “confirmation bias.” However, these studies (a) relied exclusively upon Karl Popper's philosophy of science, (b) only described subjects' strategies via a falsificationist terminology, and (c) failed to determine subjects' precise intentions in the task situations. Alternative philosophies of science can be used to describe hitherto ignored aspects of rule discovery in Wason's (1960) 2–4–6 task as well as reinterpret findings from previous research. Using Wason's task, Experiment 1 adopted J. S. Mill's inductive methodology in order to assess better the extent of elimination in experimentation. While it was found that subjects did eliminate a large proportion of their hypotheses rather than merely confirm them, Mill's eliminative methods applied to this task failed to account for the entirety of subjects' behaviours. Experiment 2 examined subjects' methods in more depth by asking subjects during t...
Skill Obsolescence and Flat Hierarchies: Creating Incentives for Skill Diversification

This paper explores the internal organization of production in technology firms. We propose that flat hierarchical organizations is the technology-intensive firm's response to the need for worker skill diversification in an environment where skills become obsolete very rapidly. If it is efficient for firms to provide investment in skill-diversification due to risk of obsolescence, the presence of promotion ladders in traditional vertically organized firms creates too high an incentive among firms to provide specialized investment which improves the promotion probability for workers. In such situations firms may adopt organizational forms with flat hierarchies in order to induce investment in skill diversification.
New Stream-reach Development (NSD): A Comprehensive Assessment of Hydropower Energy Potential in the United States Final Report

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Water Power Program tasked Oak Ridge National Laboratory with evaluating the new stream-reach development (NSD) resource potential of more than 3 million U.S. streams in order to help individuals and organizations evaluate the feasibility of developing new hydropower sources in the United States.
Computing Jordan Canonical Forms

(1994). Computing Jordan Canonical Forms. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 231-234.
Special Report The Complexity of Endothelial Cells: A Review

This review of the biology peculiar to endothelial cells (ECs) is based mainly on data available within the last decade. The functions described refer to angiogenesis, coagulation, and EC-platelet interaction, inflammation and immune response, synthesis of stromal components, vascular tone regulation, and miscellaneous metabolic activities. Emphasis is placed on the marked variability of ECs from tissue to tissue and from one species to another. This heterogeneity is evident morphologically, functionally, and in the response of ECs to injury.
Congenital dysplastic left ventricle simulating anomalous origin of the left coronary artery.

The authors describe a rare case of congenital dysplasia of the left ventricle. Clinical findings were suggestive of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle showed areas of endocardial fibroelastosis, with an abnormal and unusually fine, sometimes lacy, filigreelike trabeculation of the internal surface of the endocardium. The endocardium resembled a mat of webbing on the endocardial surface. Many of these fine bands traversed the ventricular cavity from wall to wall. The abnormal Q waves seen on the electrocardiogram may have been caused by an abnormal depolarization process that may have been taking place in the left ventricular trabecular net. Experimental embryologic work in the chick embryo demonstrated that the development of trabecular sheaths in the primitive ventricle that are oriented in a dorsoventral direction are an essential step in ventricular formation. The authors speculate that perhaps an arrest or delay in the full fusion of some trabecular sheaths may give rise to the intracavitary trabeculations demonstrated here.
Preparation and characterization of a tetrabutylammonium graphite intercalation compound.

The intercalation of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cations into graphite by cation exchange from a sodium-ethylenediamine graphite intercalation compound yields a single-phase first-stage product, C44TBA, with a gallery expansion of 0.47 nm. The gallery dimension requires an anisotropic “flattened” cation conformation.
Maharishi Vedic vibration technology on chronic disorders and associated quality of life.

There is a growing interest for more effective, innovative programs to address the chronic illness suffered by approximately 40 percent of the U.S. population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new Maharishi Vedic Medicine program-the Maharishi Vedic Vibration Technology-on the quality of life of individuals with chronic disorders. A total of 213 individuals took part in the study (mean age=48.55 years; average length of time of chronic illness=18.42 years). Results showed that over three sessions, the average self-reported improvement in chronic illness was 40.97 percent. Conditions related to neck pain improved the most (51.25%), followed by respiratory ailments (48.00%), digestive problems (46.90%), mental health, including anxiety and depression (46.34%), arthritis (41.57%), insomnia (37.38%), back pain (36.32%), headaches (35.83%), cardiovascular conditions (22.31%), and eye problems (21.19%). Findings also showed significant reductions in frequency of discomfort or pain (p<.000001), intensity of discomfort (p<.000001), and disabling effects of the discomfort in daily activity (p<.000001), in addition to overall improvement in mental health (p<.000001) and vitality (p<.000125). Possible mechanisms of action are presented.
NCCN Guidelines Update for Multiple Myeloma

The updated NCCN Guidelines for Multiple Myeloma feature several changes in the diagnosis and management of this disease. Criteria for treatment initiation have been broadened, new staging has been recommended, and new classes of agents and combinations are included as recommended treatment. Monoclonal antibodies are among the expanded therapeutic choices, along with a histone deacetylase inhibitor and third-generation proteosome inhibitor, and there is excitement about exploring new immune-based approaches.
Ductal Carcinoma In situ of the Male Breast.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast is an unusual lesion and most often associated with invasive carcinoma. On rare occasions when the in situ component is present in pure form, histological grade is almost always low to intermediate. Imaging for these patients is difficult as gynecomastia is often present and can mask underlying calcifications or carcinoma. Case Report: We report a case of pure high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast in a patient with clear nipple discharge. Breast mammography showed bilateral gynecomastia and benign calcifications. Subsequent breast ultrasound showed dilated ducts of the left breast, and a left breast ductogram showed filling defects suggestive of a papilloma. Excisional biopsy and subsequent mastectomy were consistent with high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is uncommon and, although there is increasing awareness, it is less studied compared to female breast cancer. With a clinical history of nipple discharge of any kind, further evaluation with imaging should be considered. In males with gynecomastia, it is important to remember that ductal carcinoma in situ, even of high grade, is difficult to detect on mammography and may not be associated with suspicious calcifications.
Defects and fronts

In this chapter, we will use the amplitude equations introduced in the previous two chapters to gain an understanding of defects and fronts in stripe patterns near onset. Our discussion also serves to illustrate more advanced applications of the amplitude equations, in particular the ability to treat patterns that vary spatially. The importance of defects in patterns was introduced in Section 4.4.Adefect can be thought of as a local imperfection in an otherwise perfect pattern, and experimental and natural patterns often contain many defects, either due to the effect of boundaries or due to a spatially inhomogeneous initial condition. To approach the complicated realistic case of many defects, it is useful first to study single isolated defects and then attempt to build an understanding of natural patterns from these elementary ingredients. In Section 4.4.2, we introduced the notion of a topological defect, namely one that can be identified from properties of the pattern far from the location of the defect (such as the winding number of the phase, Eq. (4.58)), where the pattern approaches the ideal state. These defects are particularly important because they can persist for long times and so are robust. We will focus on two types of topological defects in stripe states, dislocations, and grain boundaries. We first discuss the structure of stationary defects. Since defects represent deviations from the ideal pattern, the intensity of the pattern is reduced in their vicinity. The region over which the intensity is reduced, and where the pattern strongly deviates from the ideal one, is called the core of the defect.
The Kotok–McCarthy Chess Program (USA) versus the ITEP Chess Program (USSR) (1966–1967)

This chapter discusses a chess match held between the Kotok–McCarthy Chess Program (USA) and the ITEP Chess Program (USSR), in 1966–1967. The ITEP program won the match with a 3–1 victory, consisting of two wins and two draws. Its first win came on March, 1967, when it mated the Kotok–McCarthy program in 19 moves. The ITEP program was designed according to Shannon's type-A strategy. The match was intended to serve as a test of Shannon's two strategies. The Kotok–McCarthy program was not sufficiently selective in deciding which moves could be forward pruned. Kotok's scoring function takes into account material, center control, development, and Pawn structure. The Kotok–McCarthy program searched the same-sized tree in all four games. The ITEP program was able to obtain two draws with the three-ply search; it won both games, while searching to a depth of five ply.
A revisit of the devastating outcome of leptomeningeal disease.

e13504Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) represents a devastating complication of malignancies by forming tumor deposits on the leptomeninges at about 5% to 8% of cancer patients (Pts). Sta...
Genes and Proteins of the Influenza Viruses

This chapter describes the structure of the genes of influenza A, B, and C viruses Influenza viruses contain a segmented single-stranded RNA genome that has been called negative stranded because the viral messenger RNA (mRNAs) are transcribed from the viral RNA segments. A great deal of new knowledge has been obtained about influenza A, B, and C viruses, since the last major multiauthored reviews of the genetics, molecular biology, and structural biology of influenza viruses (Palese and Kingsbury, 1983). The complete nucleotide sequence of the 8 RNA segments of the influenza A and B viruses has been obtained, and significant progress has been made with the sequencing of the influenza C virus genome. Other major developments include the following: 1. The three-dimensional structure of both major surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, has been determined from X-ray studies of crystallized proteins, and the structure of a neuraminidase—antibody complex has been obtained. In addition, the structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin complexed with its receptor sialic acid has been elucidated, which may provide a basis for the rational design of antiviral drugs that would block viral attachment to cells. 2. In both influenza A and B viruses, previously unrecognized small integral membrane proteins, M2 and NB, respectively, have been identified and extensively characterized. 3. The influenza A virus N9 neuraminidase has also been found to exhibit hemagglutinating activity. 4. Influenza C virus glycoprotein exhibits both hemagglutinating and neuraminate-O-acetyl esterase activity.
Chapter 8 – Quarkonium

The chapter analyzes various aspects of quarkonium. Quarkonium states decay electromagnetically to lepton pairs of definite mass, and the pair has the mass of the decaying bound state. The peak in the dilepton continuum at the quarkonium mass is relatively easy to see after the subtraction of like-sign pairs. The quarkonium bound state spectra can be described by the nonrelativistic potential. Several model approaches have been employed for quarkonium production including the color singlet model (CSM), the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD), the color evaporation model (CEM), and the comover enhancement scenario (CES). In the color evaporation model, quarkonium production is treated identically to open heavy quark production, with the exception that in the case of quarkonium, the invariant mass of a heavy quark pair is restricted to be less than twice the mass of the lowest mass meson that can be formed with the heavy quark. The quarkonium suppression by the quark-gluon plasma is also elaborated in the chapter.
Cerron-Palomino, Rodolfo (b. 1940)

This article deals with the work of Rodolfo Cerron-Palomino, an emeritus professor at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, (1970–1991) and an active professor at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (1998 to date). Cerron Palomino's linguistic work focuses on the indigenous languages of the Andes: Quechua, Aimara, Chipaya and Mochica. He is a prominent figure of Andean linguistics.
AI Cupper: A Fuzzy Expert System for Sensorial Evaluation of Coffee Bean Attributes to Derive Quality Scoring

In the coffee industry, “cupping” is the process of sensorial evaluation of coffee beans, also known as sample evaluation. This process is done for three major reasons: 1) to determine the actual sensory differences between coffee samples; 2) to describe the flavors of the samples; and 3) to determine preference of product. In totality, cupping targets the measurement of the coffee's quality, which is expressed with a final numerical score. When cupping, the expert judge writes down the individual components’ scores and ranks their intensities for reference. Fuzzy logic has been employed for sensory evaluation of chhana podo (a baked dairy product), also for mango pulp and litchi juice. Moreover, a similar work exists only to train the Honduran Coffee Cuppers. This paper introduces a fuzzy expert system, AI Cupper offering an intuitive way for representing the judge's knowledge by linguistically modeling his perception of the coffee attributes through sensorial evaluation. It is capable of training cuppers when evaluating coffees from several countries and even has the capacity to learn as cupping data flows through it. The system was tested and has shown more than 95% of matching results compared with the experts’ results.
Gaming and simulation for energy system infrastructure: a case of the power grid system

The provision and distribution of electricity are necessary for the good functioning of society. According to the US Department of Energy (2015), the electricity systems should be (1) reliable, (2) economically competitive and (3) environmentally responsible. Such a vision is not easily achievable, as these qualities may be in conflict with one another. Power system models are essential to simulate changes in the system and help resolve or mitigate conflicts. In this study, we present a gaming simulation, built upon a bottom-up discrete-event system model, to simulate the behavior and interactions of the main components in a power grid, forming various architecture scenarios. To develop this framework, we consider three main actions which the player can take, namely build, and retire, to work toward an architecture with a more balanced weight of grid quality.
Open-Ended Interview Questions and Saturation

Sample size determination for open-ended questions or qualitative interviews relies primarily on custom and finding the point where little new information is obtained (thematic saturation). Here, we propose and test a refined definition of saturation as obtaining the most salient items in a set of qualitative interviews (where items can be material things or concepts, depending on the topic of study) rather than attempting to obtain all the items. Salient items have higher prevalence and are more culturally important. To do this, we explore saturation, salience, sample size, and domain size in 28 sets of interviews in which respondents were asked to list all the things they could think of in one of 18 topical domains. The domains-like kinds of fruits (highly bounded) and things that mothers do (unbounded)-varied greatly in size. The datasets comprise 20-99 interviews each (1,147 total interviews). When saturation was defined as the point where less than one new item per person would be expected, the median sample size for reaching saturation was 75 (range = 15-194). Thematic saturation was, as expected, related to domain size. It was also related to the amount of information contributed by each respondent but, unexpectedly, was reached more quickly when respondents contributed less information. In contrast, a greater amount of information per person increased the retrieval of salient items. Even small samples (n = 10) produced 95% of the most salient ideas with exhaustive listing, but only 53% of those items were captured with limited responses per person (three). For most domains, item salience appeared to be a more useful concept for thinking about sample size adequacy than finding the point of thematic saturation. Thus, we advance the concept of saturation in salience and emphasize probing to increase the amount of information collected per respondent to increase sample efficiency.
Sequences of Sets

Sequential behavior such as sending emails, gathering in groups, tagging posts, or authoring academic papers may be characterized by a set of recipients, attendees, tags, or coauthors respectively. Such "sequences of sets" show complex repetition behavior, sometimes repeating prior sets wholesale, and sometimes creating new sets from partial copies or partial merges of earlier sets. In this paper, we provide a stochastic model to capture these patterns. The model has two classes of parameters. First, a correlation parameter determines how much of an earlier set will contribute to a future set. Second, a vector of recency parameters captures the fact that a set in a sequence is more similar to recent sets than more distant ones. Comparing against a strong baseline, we find that modeling both correlation and recency structures are required for high accuracy. We also find that both parameter classes vary widely across domains, so must be optimized on a per-dataset basis. We present the model in detail, provide a theoretical examination of its asymptotic behavior, and perform a set of detailed experiments on its predictive performance.
A comparison of testosterone and cortisol levels between gay fathers and non-fathers: A preliminary investigation.

Humans are unique among great apes and most other mammals, in that our wide range of offspring investment behaviors includes significant paternal care and provisioning of children. Moreover, hormones play an important role in modulating male paternal investment. Despite a growing body of research on the hormonal associations with paternal care in humans, fathers who self-identify as gay have not received the same level of research attention. We explore associations between hormones that are central to reproductive effort in American gay couples (n = 48 pairs, mean age 36 ± 11 SD years) with and without children. Building on previous investigations of paternal investment, we focus on testosterone and cortisol given their primary roles in the behavioral and metabolic aspects of male reproductive effort. We provide preliminary evidence that gay fathers have lower cortisol levels compared to gay non-fathers. Cortisol and testosterone also positively co-varied in all couples, independent of potential covariates. We did not find evidence for differences in testosterone levels between gay fathers and non-fathers, although sample sizes were limited. Based on this preliminary evidence, we suggest that psychosocial stress among gay fathers may differ compared to gay couples without children, or that the stress response in gay fathers is mitigated in some way compared to non-fathers. These data underscore the importance of human paternal care diversity and the value of inclusivity in human evolutionary behavior research.
Il torace: entrarci ed uscirne

Paziente con ferita da arma da fuoco all’estremo inferiore del dorso, hai eseguito una toracotomia destra, sei in cavita toracica. Per fortuna non vi e traccia di emorragia polmonare. Dal foro di entrata del proiettile in parete toracica esce sangue rosso vivo, proveniente probabilmente da un’arteria intercostale recisa. Il caso sembra semplice, un punto di sutura emostatico e potrai richiudere, quand’ecco che, proprio mentre cerchi di raggiungere il vaso beante, giu, nei recessi inaccessibili dietro il diaframma, ti rendi conto invece che la situazione e tutt’altro che semplice.
Some Caveats on Testing the Freudian Slip Hypothesis

This chapter reports on a long-term research program intended to apply the new techniques of slip induction to the classical problem of Freudian slips. We will discuss the program’s rationale, early encouraging evidence, and two flawed attempts at systematic replication. These difficulties do not directly contradict the earlier positive results, so far; they do raise important unanswered questions about Freudian slip simulation in the laboratory. They also raise questions about the precise nature of the hypothesis, and about the adequacy of our methodology. Replication problems are rarely published, although methodologists often lament this state of affairs. They seem worth presenting here because, evidently, the earlier reports of “Freudian” results were too optimistic. These very real difficulties are not necessarily unsolvable, and a detailed critique may serve to improve future attempts to test the hypothesis. Throughout this chapter, we present the materials used to induce emotionally laden slips, so as to facilitate further research by others who may share an interest in the problem.
Drugs for Pain Management

Pain is always subjective in its nature and, at times, may be tied much more closely to psychologic stimuli than to actual physical stimuli. Pain in a patient with brain injury is often more difficult to treat due to altered cognition, perception, and physiologic response to medication. In this article, many different medications are discussed with respect to their use as analgesics, adjuvant analgesics, and their side effect profile
The Hyperfine Interactions of Free Radical Adducts of C60

EPR spectroscopy has been used to study the addition of free radicals to C60. The hyperfine interactions of protons and 13C nuclei identify the species formed as mono-, tri- and penta-alkyl adducts. In mono-alkyl adducts (R-C60) the unpaired spin is localized near the R-C bond, and they exist in thermal equilibrium with their diamagnetic dimers (R-C60-C60-R). In several cases, the barrier to rotation about the R-C60 bond has been measured. The electronic configurations of tri- and penta-alkyl adducts are similar to those of allyl and cyclopentadienyl radicals, respectively.
Capillary Degeneration in Diabetic Retinopathy

The majority of clinically detectable lesions in diabetic retinopathy involve the retinal vasculature, and the severity of those vascular lesions predicts susceptibility to future vision loss from the diabetes. Capillary nonperfusion and/or degeneration are particularly important lesions of the early retinopathy, and the capillary abnormalities are believed to play a major and causal role in the progression to preretinal neovascularization that develops in some diabetic patients. An increasing number of therapeutic approaches have been identified that significantly inhibit the development of capillary obliteration in the retina. The challenge now is to identify which therapeutic approaches best inhibit the retinal vascular disease safely in patients, so that retinal sequelae of the vasoobliteration and ischemia can be inhibited in diabetes.
Präoperative Epilepsiediagnostik und Epilepsiechirurgie

Epilepsiechirurgie ist definiert als jede neurochirurgische Intervention, deren primares Ziel die Behandlung einer therapierefraktaren Epilepsie ist. Demgemas ergeben sich folgende Zielsetzungen der Epilepsiechirurgie: Anfallsfreiheit oder Anfallsreduktion Vermeidung von — durch die Operation bedingten — neurologischen oder neuropsychologischen Ausfallserscheinungen (Engel 1996a; European Federation of Neurological Societies Task Force 2000).
The Effects of Hispanic Immigrant Mother’s Resiliency on Children’s Dietary Adjustment

This study explored the adjustment phase of the resiliency model of family adjustment and adaptation, particularly how stress and food insecurity interact with protective mechanisms to influence children’s dietary adjustment. With increasing rates of Hispanic childhood obesity and disproportionate health disparities, this is an issue that must be better understood. Altogether, 137 Mexican immigrant mothers from Illinois and California completed questionnaires reporting their stressors, protective mechanisms, and family health behaviors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher perceived stress levels for mothers predicted non-nutritive snacking reasons. Furthermore, mother’s dietary patterns predicted child’s poor dietary quality. Taken together, maternal stressors play a role in family health behaviors, and future studies should consider household food environment factors when trying to understand protective mechanisms for families.
Vancomycin Concentrations in Paraspinal Muscles During Posterior Spinal Fusions for Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Abstract Study Design Prospective consecutively enrolled cohort. Objectives To evaluate paraspinal muscle concentration of intravenously administered vancomycin, at predetermined time points, during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). Summary Surgical site infection (SSI) after PSF for NMS can be a devastating complication, which may lead to prolonged antibiotic use, multiple additional surgical procedures, pseudarthroses, and sepsis. Because of significant morbidity of SSIs in NMS, the prophylactic use of vancomycin has been adopted at our institution as standard wound prophylaxis, despite any high-level evidence of its efficacy. Methods A prospective study of 20 patients who underwent definitive PSF for NMS and received vancomycin infusion preoperatively per institutional protocol. Serum levels were obtained immediately after infusion, at surgical incision, and then at 1, 2, and 4 hours post incision. Muscle tissue samples were simultaneously obtained at incision and at 1, 2, and 4 hours post incision. Samples were analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Results 10 males and 10 females with a mean age of 14+11 years (9–20 years) received a mean infusion of 15.0 mg/kg vancomycin. Mean serum levels were 26.7 μg/mL after infusion, 18.1 at incision, 13.2 at 1 hour, 11.8 at 2 hours, and 7.6 at 4 hours post infusion. Mean muscle levels were 0.5 μg/mL at incision, 0.6 at 1 hour, 0.5 at 2 hours, and 0.7 at 4 hours post infusion. Mean serum levels reached minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus at incision and at all timepoints during surgery. Mean muscle vancomycin levels never reached MIC. No patients had any cardiac or kidney disease, and all patients had normal kidney function according to their preoperative laboratory values. Conclusions Using accepted guidelines for the administration of intravenous vancomycin preoperatively, serum levels reached MIC at incision and at all timepoints tested during PSF for neuromuscular scoliosis. At no timepoint tested did muscle levels reach MIC. Level of Evidence Level II.
The Gothic-Romantic Hybridity in Mary Robinson’s Lyrical Tales

Mary Darby Robinson is well known for writing her final volume of poems, the Lyrical Tales (1800), as a direct answer, sometimes poem by poem, to Wordsworth and Coleridge’s 1798 Lyrical Ballads. Wh...
Syncope and an Intra-Hisian Atrioventricular Block After Radiation Therapy: Electrophysiologic Observations and Review of Literature

We present a case of a patient with recurrent syncope of sudden onset. She had a positive passive head-up tilt test for a mixed type of neurocardiogenic syncope. Additionally, she developed a narrow complex tachycardia on telemetry monitoring. Electrophysiology study revealed an intra-Hisian delay which upon provocation with programmed electrical stimulation, developed into a complete intra-Hisian atrioventricular block. Based on past medical history of radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the breast, the etiology of heart block was attributed to the remote effect of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Positive head-up tilt test for neurocardiogenic syncope and supraventricular tachycardia were incidental findings that could have confounding influence on management of such patients. J Med Cases. 2019;10(4):116-119 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3233
Realism and its limitations for Ibn Khaldūn

This article revisits the work of ‘Abd al-Raḥman Ibn Khaldūn from the perspective of political theory, reading him as a proponent of a mode of realist political thought. Seeking to move beyond redu...
Spectrally selective, matched emitters for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion processed by tape casting

The thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generator converts radiant energy from a high temperature emitter element into electric power using infrared responding photovoltaic cells. Spectral control is a primary issue in TPV applications. Conventional TPV generators have relied on filters to achieve selectivity and spectral control with near-blackbody ceramic emitters. Several practical problems have limited the success of this approach, particularly the present lack of a satisfactory wide-band infrared filter. A new, spectrally selective emitter is described in this work, and will be called the “bandgap matched” emitter because its emissive power spectrum is very efficiently matched with the infrared response of the GaSb photovoltaic cell. The superior spectral efficiency has been achieved with a novel combination of spectrally active, transition metal dopants within an infrared-transparent magnesium oxide ceramic matrix. High mechanical integrity, thermal shock resistance, excellent heat transfer characteristics, and near-ideal spectral efficiency have been achieved by fabricating composite Co- or Ni-doped MgO from thin ceramic ribbons made by the tape casting process.
Pro Tips for Advertising Educators: How Ethnic Diversity Can Solve Creative Problems:

Ethnic diversity in the advertising industry could be a solution for culturally insensitive advertising. Insights from advertising professionals, obtained via in-depth interviews, reveal minorities...
Field-Plated Ga 2 O 3 Trench Schottky Barrier Diodes With a BV 2 / $R_{\text{on,sp}}$ of up to 0.95 GW/cm 2

We report the realization of field-plated vertical Ga2O3 trench Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The trench SBDs show significantly lower leakage current than regular SBDs. With employment of field plate, a breakdown voltage (BV) of 2.89 kV is achieved, which is ~ 500 V higher than those without field plate. Trench sidewall depletion is observed, and the average depletion width is extracted using an analytical model. The trench SBDs have a differential specific on-resistance ( $\text {R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ ) of 10.5 (8.8) $\text{m}\Omega ~\cdot {\mathrm {cm}}^{\text {2}}$ from DC (pulsed) measurements, which leads to a Baliga’s figure-of-merit ( ${\mathrm {BV}}^{{2}}/\text {R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ ) of 0.80 (0.95) GW/cm2— the highest among Ga2O3 power devices to date.
PLASMA LIPIDS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study to examine plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in the survivors of myocardial infarction. In the study, 308 patients, all male, aged 40–60 years were included. All had suffered an acute myocardial infarction at least 6 months previously. Prerequisites for in-elusion were (1) a typical history; (2) records of specific enzyme increase; and (3) a typical q wave in the electrocardiographic record. All patients were living a nearly normal life and were on a prudent isocaloric diet, low in cholesterol, saturated fats, and simple sugars. As controls, 260 subjects were selected from a group of people voluntarily attending a Public Health Survey. These subjects were males, aged 40–60 years. Socioeconomic status was similar in controls and in patients. The family histories were negative for diabetes, hyperlipidemias, and early cardiovascular events. It was observed that survivors showed plasma cholesterol values higher than values of controls, while the values of triglycerides were similar. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in survivors than in controls, while the values of high density lipoprotein–C (HDL-C) and apo A–I were significantly lower.
A neuroglobin-based high-affinity ligand trap reverses carbon monoxide-induced mitochondrial poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) remains the most common cause of human poisoning. The consequences of CO poisoning include cardiac dysfunction, brain injury, and death. CO causes toxicity by binding to hemoglobin and by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), thereby decreasing oxygen delivery and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently developed a CO antidote based on human neuroglobin (Ngb-H64Q-CCC). This molecule enhances clearance of CO from red blood cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we tested whether Ngb-H64Q-CCC can also scavenge CO from CcO and attenuate CO-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Heart tissue from mice exposed to 3% CO exhibited a 42 ± 19% reduction in tissue respiration rate and a 33 ± 38% reduction in CcO activity compared with unexposed mice. Intravenous infusion of Ngb-H64Q-CCC restored respiration rates to that of control mice correlating with higher electron transport chain CcO activity in Ngb-H64Q-CCC–treated compared with PBS-treated, CO-poisoned mice. Further, using a Clark-type oxygen electrode, we measured isolated rat liver mitochondrial respiration in the presence and absence of saturating solutions of CO (160 μm) and nitric oxide (100 μm). Both CO and NO inhibited respiration, and treatment with Ngb-H64Q-CCC (100 and 50 μm, respectively) significantly reversed this inhibition. These results suggest that Ngb-H64Q-CCC mitigates CO toxicity by scavenging CO from carboxyhemoglobin, improving systemic oxygen delivery and reversing the inhibitory effects of CO on mitochondria. We conclude that Ngb-H64Q-CCC or other CO scavengers demonstrate potential as antidotes that reverse the clinical and molecular effects of CO poisoning.
Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

Abstract Background Common carp is the fourth most-produced species in worldwide aquaculture. Significant efforts are invested in breeding and preservation of genetic integrity of this important species. However, maintaining carp gene bank in situ can be considered as demanding due to its big body size. Recent progress in reproductive biotechnologies in fish allows improving some unfavourable characteristics of a target species using surrogate reproduction. Germ stem cells (gamete precursors) from one species are transplanted into different surrogate species with small body size. After maturation, surrogates are producing donor-derived progeny. Efficient protocols for cryopreservation of carp male and female germ stem cells have been developed lately. Thus, the next logical goal was to assess the potential of goldfish surrogate to produce donor-derived gametes of common carp after intraperitoneal transplantation of testicular cells. Results High transplantation success was achieved when 44% of the surviving goldfish produced pure donor-derived gametes of common carp. More importantly, both viable eggs and sperm giving rise to pure common carp progeny were produced, witnessing sustainability of the presented method. Donor-derived identity of the offspring was confirmed by genotyping and typical phenotype corresponding to the donor species. Reproductive performance of chimeras was similar to goldfish controls. Assessment of gamete characteristics showed that the size of donor-derived eggs is between control carp and goldfish eggs. Interestingly, flagellum length in donor-derived spermatozoa was comparable to common carp flagellum and significantly shorter than goldfish flagellum. Conclusions In this study, we succeeded in the production of pure common carp progeny from surrogate goldfish recipients transplanted intraperitoneally by testicular germ cells. Here we reported production of viable eggs between most distant species up to date. Good reproductive performance of goldfish germline chimeras gives a promising prospect for further analysis about the long-term reproductive performance of surrogates, recovery of cryopreserved germ cells or production of monosex stocks. Presented technology is ready to ease needs for carp breeds preservation and their recovery using many times smaller goldfish surrogates.
Comparing NLP Systems to Extract Entities of Eligibility Criteria in Dietary Supplements Clinical Trials Using NLP-ADAPT

Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have been used extensively to extract concepts from unstructured clinical trial eligibility criteria. Recruiting patients whose information in Electronic Health Records matches clinical trial eligibility criteria can potentially facilitate and accelerate the clinical trial recruitment process. However, a significant obstacle is identifying an efficient Named Entity Recognition (NER) system to parse the clinical trial eligibility criteria. In this study, we used NLP-ADAPT (Artifact Discovery and Preparation Toolkit) to compare existing biomedical NLP systems (BiomedICUS, CLAMP, cTAKES and MetaMap) and their Boolean ensemble to identify entities of the eligibility criteria of 150 randomly selected Dietary Supplement (DS) clinical trials. We created a custom mapping of the gold standard annotated entities to UMLS semantic types to align with annotations from each system. All systems in NLP-ADAPT used their default pipelines to extract entities based on our custom mappings. The systems performed reasonably well in extracting UMLS concepts belonging to the semantic types Disorders and Chemicals and Drugs. Among all systems, cTAKES was the highest performing system for Chemicals and Drugs and Disorders semantic groups and BioMedICUS was the highest performing system for Procedures, Living Beings, Concepts and Ideas, and Devices. Whereas, the Boolean ensemble outperformed individual systems. This study sets a baseline that can be potentially improved with modifications to the NLP-ADAPT pipeline.
Effect of precursors on graphene supported platinum monometalic catalysts for hydrothermal gasification of biomass compounds to hydrogen

Abstract In the present study, H2PtCl6, PtBr2, PtCl2 and PtI2 precursors were evaluated for developing graphene supported platinum catalysts to be used for hydrothermal gasification of biomass compounds to hydrogen. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation and ultrasound-assisted wet impregnation methods. Hydrogen production activity of the catalysts were determined by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) as a low temperature hydrothermal gasification technology. Glucose, a simple biomass-derived compound, was used as substrate in APR process. The size and distribution of Pt particles on the graphene were highly dependent on the precursors used in the preparation process. Targeted metal loading (8 wt%) with smaller size and better dispersion of metal particles on the support was achieved with ultrasound-assisted method. PtCl2 was found to be best precursor to deposit Pt particles on graphene with relatively small and uniform with narrow dispersion. The catalysts prepared by ultrasound-assisted method using with different precursors produced similar amounts of hydrogen.
Bench-scale assessment of three copper-based algaecide products for cyanobacteria management in source water

Three copper-based algaecide products were investigated for use in a drinking water source to address cyanobacteria growth. Bench-scale experiments were used to determine the optimal dose of each product given Lake Rockwell’s indigenous population and reservoir-specific characteristics. The optimal dose of Cutrine Ultra was determined to be a quarter dose (corresponding to 0.125 mg/L Cu) as it decreased 55% of the cyanobacteria population with limited release of microcystin and minimal rebound in the cyanobacteria population. The optimal dose for EarthTec was determined to be a half dose (i.e., 0.5 mg/L). The full dose was optimal for SeClear (1 mg/L Cu). The optimal doses had extracellular microcystin levels of 0.99 ± 0.09 µg/L (quarter dose Cutrine Ultra), 3.69 ± 0.43 µg/L (half dose EarthTec) and 0.92 ± 0.26 µg/L (full dose SeClear) by day 2. EarthTec and Cutrine Ultra facilitated a similar overall response, and the cyanobacteria population was predominately suppressed in the initial 2 days following treatment and then increased between 7 and 14 days after treatment (i.e., rebound). Both the suppression within the first 2 days and the rebound between 7 and 14 days after treatment were a function of dose (e.g., lower dose, larger increase in rebound). Although SeClear suppressed the cyanobacteria population during the initial 2 days after treatment (42,000 ± 3240 cells/mL at the baseline to 4822 ± 841), the cyanobacteria population rebounded significantly (p < 0.05) between 2 and 7 days after treatment.
Can Restorative Justice Be of Value in Forensic Cases in a Way that is Consonant with Therapeutic Jurisprudence? Perspectives of a Lawyer and a Psychologist

Restorative justice (RJ) is a means by which to restore victims, restore offenders, and restore communities in a way that all stakeholders can agree is just, via the values of participation, reparation, equality, a forward-looking approach, respect, and dignity. Although concepts of restorative justice have been steadily growing in the context of the criminal trial process since the mid-1980s, most growth has come in cases involving post-sentencing victim-offender interaction. There has been virtually no movement to apply restorative justice principles to forensic cases, and our sense is that the RJ process is rarely “on the table” in the criminal justice system in cases involving defendants with mental disabilities (or, in the context of the wider restorative justice movement, victims with mental disabilities)?. We believe that it is time to consider that potential application, always with the use and inspiration of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) principles In this blog post, we preliminarily explore how RJ principles might be used in the full range of forensic cases, including matters involving incompetency to stand trial, the insanity defense and sentencing of defendants with mental disabilities. We will do this from the perspectives of both the lawyer and the forensic psychologist (both as evaluator and as expert witness), focusing on the “restoration of human dignity” that is an essential element of RJ and TJ.
Gut microbiome in adolescent depression.

Abstract Objectives To examine the association of major depressive disorder (MDD) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use with gut microbiome in older adolescents and younger adults. Methods Fifteen to 20-year-old participants within a month of starting an SSRI and unmedicated controls were enrolled in a longitudinal study. They underwent a diagnostic evaluation comprising self-completed and rater-administered questionnaires and clinical interview. They also provided a stool sample, which was stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. Microbial DNA was extracted with the MoBio PowerSoil kit, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. Raw sequence data was processed with the LotuS pipeline. Only samples with no antibiotic exposure in the last 6 months and with >1000 quality filtered reads were included in the analysis. Results 160 participants (57.5% female, mean age 20.0±1.9 years, 29% taking SSRIs) were enrolled, comprising 110 MDD patients (60% in acute episode), 27 healthy controls, and 23 psychiatric controls. No significant group differences were observed in bacterial richness or alpha and beta diversity. Differential abundance analysis of bacterial taxa found no significant group differences at the phylum and genus levels. Neither being in a major depressive episode vs. remission nor using SSRIs was associated with differential bacterial composition. Conclusions In this sizeable sample of older adolescents, neither MDD nor SSRI use was associated with differences in gut bacterial microbiome. In this age group, the bi-directional interaction between the gut bacteria and brain may be more nuanced than in adults, requiring further investigation.
Introduction and Guiding Examples

This is an introductory chapter where two general problems in high-dimensional testing and inference are introduced. Namely, the signal detection and signal support estimation problems. This is done in the context of two general models—the signal-plus-noise model and the chi-square model arising in genome-wide association studies. Motivating applications of these two problems and two models are briefly discussed. The chapter concludes with a summary of the contents of the manuscript.
Practical Kilogram Synthesis of (S)-1-Benzyl-4-Bromo-3-Methyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine

Despite chiral piperidines being a commonly found motif in approved drugs and drug candidates, the synthesis of these compounds occasionally suffers from challenges of scalability and stereochemica...
Isolation of a Novel Recombinant Canine Coronavirus from a Visitor to Haiti: Further Evidence of Transmission of Coronaviruses of Zoonotic Origin to Humans.

We isolated a novel coronavirus from a medical team member presenting with fever and malaise after travel to Haiti. The virus showed 99.4% similarity with a recombinant canine coronavirus recently identified in a pneumonia patient in Malaysia, suggesting that infection with this virus and/or recombinant variants occurs in multiple locations.