cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature structure of Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 3

The newly discovered copper-free superconductor ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{BiO}}_{3}$ has the ${\mathrm{CaTiO}}_{3}$-type structure at room temperature, but its structure at or below ${T}_{c}$ is not known. We report Rietveld refinements of the structures fit to neutron-powder-diffraction data taken at 297 and 10 K for a sample with x=0.4. We find that the structure remains cubic at 10 K, the dopant level remains close to that expected from the starting stoichiometry, the oxygen sites are essentially fully occupied, and the anisotropic thermal ellipsoids remain oblate with the unique axis along the Bi-O-Bi bonds.
Sexual Dimorphism in Three Species of Heterelmis Sharp (Coleoptera: Elmidae)

Sex identification of many species of adult riffle beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae) has relied historically upon removal and examination of genitalia, which leads to death if examined individuals are initially alive. This process and its consequences present a substantial problem if investigators intend to study live beetles in captivity, or if an investigator is examining population sex ratios of threatened or at-risk beetles in the wild where destructive sampling should be avoided. We examined external morphological characteristics of three species of Heterelmis Sharp [H. comalensis (Bosse, Tuff, and Brown, 1988), Heterelmis cf. glabra (Horn), and Heterelmis vulnerata (LeConte)] and developed a non-lethal method of identifying sexes by using these characters. Across species, several external morphological characteristics differed between the sexes, but the length of the fifth abdominal ventrite was the most reliable and robust external character found to vary between the sexes. However, sex misidentification error rates using proposed species-specific length thresholds for the fifth ventrite differed among the three Heterelmis species. This easily applied technique has utility for identifying the sexes of the three Heterelmis species in studies that require live subjects and/or minimal mortality, such as in life history studies or observations of sex ratios in the field.
Chapter 36: Considerations in the Development, Approval, and Commercialization of On-Body Delivery Devices Used in Combination with a Biologic

Amgen has commercially marketed two on-body delivery devices for use in delivering a respective biologic. This chapter provides a high-level summary of the unique user needs for these devices as well as the development and commercialization process utilized to bring these products to market.
Addressing Problems With Alcohol and Other Substances Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author(s): Satre, Derek D; Hirschtritt, Matthew E; Silverberg, Michael J; Sterling, Stacy A
Trends and dynamic relations between crude oil prices and energy employment: a panel analysis approach

This research employs panel data to analyse the trends of 21 energy occupations in ten NAICS energy sectors in the USA and the relationships among oil prices, oil production, and energy jobs by sector and nationwide from 2002 to 2016. We highlight several major findings: 1) energy sectors do matter (statistically and significantly different) for the same job titles; 2) the largest and smallest energy hires are consistent and robust; 3) the most and best jobs are mostly created in the upstream and related services sectors; 4) majority of the energy occupations grow faster than those for the nation; 5) energy jobs are strongly associated with oil prices and production; 6) energy jobs, oil prices, and US oil production play significant roles in the national employment. To our knowledge, this panel analysis of energy sector jobs is the first of its kind. The findings could be useful to various energy stakeholders and policy makers for adopting effective employment strategies and policies. [Received: June 16, 2018; Accepted: February 11, 2019]
Nanoparticle-Based Estrogen Delivery to Spinal Cord Injury Site Reduces Local Parenchymal Destruction and Improves Functional Recovery.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients sustain significant functional impairments; this is causally related to restricted neuronal regeneration after injury. The ensuing reactive gliosis, inflammatory c...
Gender and media in the broadcast age: Women’s radio programming at the BBC, CBC, and ABC: JUSTINE LLOYD, 2020, New York and london, bloomsbury publishing inc, pp ix + 194, bibliography and index, $99.00 (cloth), $34.96 (paper)

The impetus for Justine Lloyd’s new book, Gender and Media in the Broadcast Age, was the relative absence of women’s programs, and the work of women broadcasters, in historical accounts of the Aust...
Improving Radiology Trainees' Perception Using Where's Waldo?

Rationale and Objectives Perception is an essential skill leading to expertise in diagnostic radiology. We determined if practicing “Where's Waldo?” images improves accuracy and speed with which first and second year radiology residents detect abnormalities on chest radiographs (CXRs). Materials and Methods Residents at three institutions were pretested using 50 CXRs, identifying locations of potential abnormalities. They were then split into trained (examining 7 “Where's Waldo?” images over three weeks) and control groups (no “Where's Waldo?”). They were then re-tested on the 50 CXRs. At one site, visual search parameters were acquired. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVAs. Results There was no significant difference in performance for trained vs control (F = 0.622, p = 0.436), with both improving significantly on post-test (F = 4.72, p = 0.037). Session time decreased significantly for both groups from pre to post-test (F = 81.47, p Conclusion Practicing “Where's Waldo?” or similar nonradiology search tasks may facilitate the acquisition of radiology image search but not detection skills, impacting reading efficiency more than detection accuracy.
Learning health systems: Driving real‐world impact in mental health and substance use disorder research

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), under the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), is one of the largest single providers of health care in the U.S. VA supports an embedded research program that addresses VA clinical priorities in close partnership with operations leaders, which is a hallmark of a Learning Health System (LHS). Using the LHS framework, we describe current VA research initiatives in mental health and substance use disorders that rigorously evaluate national programs and policies designed to reduce the risk of suicide and opioid use disorder (data to knowledge); test implementation strategies to improve the spread of effective programs for Veterans at risk of suicide or opioid use disorder (knowledge to performance); and identify novel research directions in suicide prevention and opioid/pain treatments emanating from implementation and quality improvement research (performance to data). Lessons learned are encapsulated into best practices for building and sustaining an LHS within health systems, including the need for early engagement with clinical leaders; pragmatic research questions that focus on continuous improvement; multi-level, ongoing input from regional and local stakeholders, and business case analyses to inform ongoing investment in sustainable infrastructure to maintain the research-health system partnership. Essential ingredients for supporting VA as an LHS include data and information sharing capacity, protected time for researchers and leaders, and governance structures to enhance health system ownership of research findings. For researchers, incentives to work with health systems operations (e.g., retainer funding) are vital for LHS research to be recognized and valued by academic promotion committees.
Formative Evaluation of Near-Semantic Search Interfaces

This article reports findings from a usability study of an experimental near-semantic search interface. We present user preferences for exploring semantic recommendations and model a new user interface for subject suggestions based on the results. The resulting catalog search engine (Deneb 2.0) is in public beta implementation, available at: http://dunatis.grainger.uiuc.edu/deneb-2.
COMBINING NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETERMINATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO 1

In situ analysis of phytoplankton community structure was determined at five stations along the Texas Gulf coast using two instruments, the Fluoroprobe and FlowCAM. Results were compared with traditional methods to determine community structure (pigment analysis and microscopy). Diatoms and small nanoplankton (most likely haptophytes) dominated the phytoplankton community at all stations. Estimated chl concentrations for diatoms+ dinoflagellates obtained via the Fluoroprobe were not significantly different for three of the five stations sampled when compared with HPLC-chemical taxonomy analysis, whereas the concentrations of green algal and cryptophyte chl were overestimated. The FlowCAM estimates of overall nanoplankton and microplankton cell abundance were not significantly different when compared with epifluorescence microscopy, and recorded images of phytoplankton cells provided a representative population of the phytoplankton community at each station. The Fluoroprobe and FlowCAM, when used in tandem, are potentially capable of determining the general characteristics of phytoplankton community structure in situ and could be an important addition to biological observing systems in the coastal ocean.
Evaluation of Frozen Fixed Smears for Use in Fluorescent Antibody Studies of Salmonellae

Smears of broth cultures of 28 Salmonella serotypes were fixed with Kirkpatrick fixative and stored at -20 C. Results indicate that organisms retain the ability to stain at maximal fluorescence intensity for as long as 2 years.
Methods of Endometrial Evaluation

The clinical decision to perform endometrial sampling is dependent on medical history, physical examination, laboratory data, imaging studies, and patient age. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) may be secondary to structural lesions including polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, or malignancy and hyperplasia or nonstructural lesions including coagulopathies, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, or not yet specified, which together comprise the acronym PALM-COEIN (see Chap. 1 for AUB classification). A transvaginal ultrasound is often performed first to determine the presence of a structural lesion. However, the first-line method of evaluation (imaging versus tissue sampling) depends on the clinical suspicion for the diagnoses listed above.
Polyamines in the Synthesis of Bacteriophage Deoxyribonucleic Acid II. Requirement for Polyamines in T4 Infection of a Polyamine Auxotroph

Polyamine depletion produced by exogenous arginine in Escherichia coli K-12 cultures defective in agmatine ureohydrolase activity resulted in a marked inhibition of the rates of growth and nucleic acid synthesis. Addition of putrescine or spermidine to such depleted cultures restored the control rate of growth and nucleic acid accumulation. The omission of lysine resulted in a further decrease in the rates of growth and nucleic acid synthesis in polyamine-depleted cells. The addition of exogenous cadaverine increased the rates of growth and ribonucleic acid synthesis to those observed in lysine-supplemented cultures, suggesting that lysine or a derivative of lysine serves a function similar to cadaverine. Addition of lysine to polyamine-depleted cultures at neutral p H results in the synthesis of cadaverine and a new spermidine analogue, both containing lysine carbon. This new metabolite has been isolated and identified as N -3-aminopropyl-1, 5-diaminopentane. T4D infection of the polyamine-depleted mutant resulted in a very low rate of DNA synthesis and phage maturation. The addition of putrescine or spermidine 15 min before infection restored phage DNA synthesis and phage maturation to control rates, i.e., rates observed in infected cells grown in the absence of arginine. Images
Decoupling of Iron and Phosphate in the Global Ocean

[1] We formulate a mechanistic model of the coupled oceanic iron and phosphorus cycles. The iron parameterization includes scavenging onto sinking particles, complexation with an organic ligand, and a prescribed aeolian source. Export production is limited by the availability of light, phosphate, and iron. We implement this biogeochemical scheme in a coarse resolution ocean general circulation model using scavenging rates and conditional stability constants guided by laboratory studies and a suite of box model sensitivity studies. The model is able to reproduce the broad regional patterns of iron and phosphorus. In particular, the high macronutrient concentrations of the Southern Ocean, tropical Pacific, and subarctic Pacific emerge from the explicit iron limitation of the model. In addition, the model also qualitatively reproduces the observed interbasin gradients of deep, dissolved iron with the lowest values in the Southern Ocean. The ubiquitous presence of significant amounts of free ligand is also explicitly captured. We define a tracer, Fe* which quantifies the degree to which a water mass is iron limited, relative to phosphorus. Surface waters in high-nutrient, lowchlorophyll regions have negative Fe* values, indicating Fe limitation. The extent of the decoupling of iron and phosphorus is determined by the availability and binding strength of the ligand relative to the scavenging by particulate. Global iron concentrations are sensitive to changes in scavenging rate and physical forcing. Decreasing the scavenging rate 40% results in � 0.1 nM increase in dissolved iron in deep waters. Forcing the model with weaker wind stresses leads to a decrease in surface [PO4] and [Fe ]i n the Southern Ocean due to a reduction in the upwelling strength.
Protostellar X-rays, Jets, and Bipolar Outflows

We review the theory of x-winds in young stellar objects (YSOs). In particular, we consider how a model where the central star does not coro-tate with the inner edge of the accretion disk may help to explain the enhanced emission of X-rays from embedded protostars. We argue, however, that the departure from corotation is not large, so a mathematical formulation that treats the long-term average state as steady and axisymmetric represents a useful approximation. Magnetocentrifugally driven x-winds of this description collimate into jets, and their interactions with the surrounding molecular cloud cores of YSOs yield bipolar molecular outflows.
Facilitating Strongly Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Data Assimilation with an Interface Solver

AbstractIn a strongly coupled data assimilation (DA), a cross-fluid covariance is specified that allows measurements from a coupled fluid (e.g., atmosphere) to directly impact analysis increments in a target fluid (e.g., ocean). The exhaustive solution to this coupled DA problem calls for a covariance where all available measurements can influence all grid points in all fluids. Solution of such a large algebraic problem is computationally expensive, often calls for a substantial rewrite of existing fluid-specific DA systems, and, as shown in this paper, can be avoided.The proposed interface solver assumes that covariances between coupled measurements and target fluid are often close to null (e.g., between stratospheric observations and the deep ocean within a 6-h forecast cycle). In the interface solver, two separate DA solvers are run in parallel: one that produces an analysis solution in the atmosphere, and one in the ocean. Each system uses a coupled observation vector where in addition to resident mea...
Electrophysiologic consequences of KATP gain of function in the heart: Conduction abnormalities in Cantu syndrome.

Background Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the KATP channel subunits Kir6.1 and SUR2 cause Cantu syndrome (CS), a disease characterized by multiple cardiovascular abnormalities. Objective The purpose of this study was to better determine the electrophysiologic consequences of such GOF mutations in the heart. Methods We generated transgenic mice (Kir6.1-GOF) expressing ATP-insensitive Kir6.1[G343D] subunits under α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter control, to target gene expression specifically in cardiomyocytes, and performed patch-clamp experiments on isolated ventricular myocytes and invasive electrophysiology on anesthetized mice. Results In Kir6.1-GOF ventricular myocytes, KATP channels showed decreased ATP sensitivity but no significant change in current density. Ambulatory ECG recordings on Kir6.1-GOF mice revealed AV nodal conduction abnormalities and junctional rhythm. Invasive electrophysiologic analyses revealed slowing of conduction and conduction failure through the AV node but no increase in susceptibility to atrial or ventricular ectopic activity. Surface ECGs recorded from CS patients also demonstrated first-degree AV block and fascicular block. Conclusion The primary electrophysiologic consequence of cardiac KATP GOF is on the conduction system, particularly the AV node, resulting in conduction abnormalities in CS patients who carry KATP GOF mutations.
Functional and patient-reported outcomes in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis following percutaneous decompression.

Background: Neurogenic claudication due to symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a painful condition causing significant functional disability. While the cause of LSS is multifactorial, thickened ligamentum flavum (LF) accounts for up to 85% of spinal canal narrowing. mild percutaneous lumbar decompression allows debulking of the hypertrophic LF while avoiding the morbidities frequently associated with more invasive surgical procedures. Methods: In this prospective case series study, consecutive LSS patients presenting with neurogenic claudication were treated with percutaneous lumbar decompression. Efficacy was evaluated using the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Pre- and postprocedure Standing Time, Walking Distance, and Visual Analog Score (VAS) were also monitored. Significant device- or procedure-related adverse events were reported. Results: The mild procedure was successfully performed on forty patients. At twelve months, both PDI and Roland-Morris showed significant improvement of 22.6 points (ANOVA, P < 0.0001) and 7.7 points (ANOVA, P < 0.0001), respectively. Walking Distance, Standing Time, and VAS improvements were also statistically significant, increasing from 246 to 3,956 feet (ANOVA, P < 0.0001), 8 to 56 minutes (ANOVA, P < 0.0001), and 7.1 to 3.6 points (ANOVA, P < 0.0001), respectively. Tukey HSD test found improvement in all 5-outcome measures to be significant from baseline at each follow-up interval. No significant device- or procedure-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant functional improvement as well as decreased disability secondary to neurogenic claudication after mild procedure. Safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality-of-life outcomes are best compared with comprehensive medical management in a randomized controlled fashion and, where ethical, to open lumbar decompression surgery.
The Hamburg Bismarck Monument as “Lighthouse of National Thought”

This paper will address the turn-of-the-century cult of Bismarck and its connections to German nationalism by focusing on the colossal monument to Bismarck erected in 1906 on a rise overlooking the harbour of Hamburg. In the design by Hugo Lederer and Emil Schaut ultimately selected for the city, Bismarck is metamorphosed into a latter-day version of the legendary Roland, a figure which-precisely in combining Roland and Bismarck-yields a symbolic-historic content referring to an immemorial German spirit of noble conduct and militant strength.
Nucleocytoplasmic release of repetitive DNA transcripts in carcinogenesis correlates with a 60 kilodalton cytoplasmic protein

Abstract Treatment of rats with the hepatocarcinogen 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′-MeDAB) causes the appearance in the liver cytosol of a 60 kilodalton oncofetal protein. The appearance of this factor occurs within 40 h of treatment and coincides with the increase in the amount of rapidly labeled RNA released from nuclei in a reconstituted cell-free system. Cross-over experiments show that this increase is due to an enhanced transport capacity of the cytosol. The 60 kilodalton RNA transport factor is also present in the cytosol of tumor cells. Addition of the 60 kilodalton factor to normal liver cytosol causes the transport of repetitive RNA sequences similar to those transported from liver nuclei to tumor cell cytosol and those transported to the tumor cell cytoplasm in vivo. This factor modifies nuclear RNA restriction, at least in part, by eliciting the transport of repetitive RNA normally retained within the nucleus of the normal cell.
Nicotine attenuates oxidative stress, activation of redox-regulated transcription factors and induction of proinflammatory genes in compressive spinal cord trauma

Abstract Pathophysiology of neurodegeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI) involves alterations of cellular redox status, activation of transcription factors and induction of proinflammatory genes. In addition, recent evidence indicates that nicotine can induce potent neuroprotective effects. To study the influence of nicotine on the redox signaling pathways in relationship to SCI, moderate contusions of spinal cords at the level of T-10 were induced in rats treated or untreated with nicotine. Cellular oxidative stress, DNA binding activity of redox-responsive transcription factors (AP-1, NF-κB and CREB) as well as mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (MCP-1 and TNF-α) were determined in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cords. Nicotine was administrated 2 h after the SCI in a single i.p. injection at the dose of 0.35, 3.5 or 7 mg/kg, and rats were sacrificed 3 h following such an injection. Spinal cord trauma was associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress, and activation of NF-κB, AP-1 and CREB, as well as overexpression of MCP-1 and TNF-α in both the thoracic and lumbar regions. Nicotine administration following the SCI markedly attenuated, especially in the lumbar region, these oxidative and proinflammatory responses. These protective effects of nicotine were fully reversed by inhibition of neuronal nicotinic receptors by mecamylamine. The present results indicate that nicotine administration can attenuate the oxidative injury to spinal cords and suggest that neuronal nicotinic receptors can be attractive targets for neuroprotective therapy.
Inflation, taxes, and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policy by use of a game of chicken

In this study some of the consequences of an uncertain policy struggle ('game of chicken') between independent taxing agencies (a monetary and a fiscal authority) are exam- ined. We show that policy uncertainty may improve upon regimes where there is no uncer- tainty and one agency succeeds in implementing a low-tax policy at the expense of the other agency. An uncertain tax policy never dominates a fully coordinated tax policy, but it can move average tax rates in the right direction. In this sense, the game of chicken between agencies can be beneficial and can compensate for the lack of a specific coordinating admin-
Prevalence of Pathogenic Pseudomonad Bacteria Isolated from Fish in a Warmwater Lake

Abstract An inoculum was taken from the kidneys of 777 fish of 10 species from Clear Lake, Iowa, in 1970 and 1971. Aeromonas liquefaciens and Pseudomonas sp. were present in the different fish species at rates of 0 to 50%. A trend of higher carrier rate in the warm months was evident for several species.
Intent to remember briefly presented human faces and other pictorial stimuli enhances recognition memory

Since the early days of psychology, researchers have investigated whether or not intending to remember information affects subsequent memory performance. The literature contains methodological issues and empirical contradictions, with ambiguous effects. In five experiments, a total of 576 participants viewed a rapid series of pictorial stimuli under either incidental- or intentional-memory conditions. Although the methodology was stringent, intent to remember consistently enhanced recognition memory. Recognition was enhanced even when participants viewed a picture of a human face, of an ape face, or of a bird for as little as 0.5-1.0 sec, with no interstimulus interval between it and the next picture. Rehearsal, depth of processing, and attentional allocation are discussed to explain how people might intentionally encode pictorial information to enhance their subsequent recognition memory performance.
Forming tool use representations: A neurophysiological investigation into tool exposure

Prior work has identified a common left parietofrontal network for storage of tool-related information for various tasks. How these representations become established within this network on the basis of different modes of exposure is unclear. Here, healthy subjects engaged in physical practice (direct exposure) with familiar and unfamiliar tools. A separate group of subjects engaged in video-based observation (indirect exposure) of the same tools to understand how these learning strategies create representations. To assess neural mechanisms engaged for pantomime after different modes of exposure, a pantomime task was performed for both tools while recording neural activation with high-density EEG. Motor planning-related neural activation was evaluated using beta band (13-22 Hz) event-related desynchronization. Hemispheric dominance was assessed, and activation maps were generated to understand topography of activations. Comparison of conditions (effects of tool familiarity and tool exposure) was performed with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Novel tool pantomime following direct exposure resulted in greater activations of bilateral parietofrontal regions. Activations following indirect training varied by tool familiarity; pantomime of the familiar tool showed greater activations in left parietofrontal areas, whereas the novel tool showed greater activations at right temporoparieto-occipital areas. These findings have relevance to the mechanisms for understanding motor-related behaviors involved in new tools that we have little or no experience with and can extend into advancing theories of tool use motor learning.
Differential activation of mTOR signaling by contractile activity in skeletal muscle

The cellular mechanisms by which contractile activity stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy are beginning to be elucidated and appear to include activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling substrate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We examined the time course and location of mTOR phosphorylation in response to an acute bout of contractile activity. Rat hindlimb muscle contractile activity was elicited by high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) of the sciatic nerve. Plantaris (Pla), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (Sol) muscles from stimulated and control limbs were collected immediately or 6 h after stimulation. HFES resulted in mTOR phosphorylation immediately after (3.4 +/- 0.9-fold, P < 0.01) contractile activity in Pla, whereas TA was unchanged compared with controls. mTOR phosphorylation remained elevated in Pla (3.6 +/- 0.6-fold) and increased in TA (4.6 +/- 0.9-fold, P < 0.05) 6 h after HFES. Interestingly, mTOR activation occurred predominantly in fibers expressing type IIa but not type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Furthermore, HFES induced modest ribosomal protein S6 kinase phosphorylation immediately after exercise in Pla (0.4 +/- 0.1-fold, P < 0.05) but not TA and more markedly 6 h after in both Pla and TA (1.4 +/- 0.4-fold vs. 2.4 +/- 0.3-fold, respectively, P < 0.01). Akt/PKB phosphorylation was similar to controls at both time points. These results suggest that mTOR signaling is increased after a single bout of muscle contractile activity. Despite reports that mTOR is activated downstream of Akt/PKB, in this study, HFES induced mTOR signaling independent of Akt/PKB phosphorylation. Fiber type-dependent mTOR phosphorylation may be a molecular basis by which some fiber types are more susceptible to contraction-induced hypertrophy.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and the 7 Uses of Epidemiology

In 1907, Alzheimer's single case report of presenile dementia led to the condition being recognized as a rare disease of middle-aged people. In 1964, Roth and colleagues reported an epidemiologic survey showing that the same condition was in fact a relatively common disease of the elderly. In 1987, Katzman introduced the concept of brain reserve, suggesting how individuals could have Alzheimer disease pathology in their brains without clinically manifesting the disease. In 1999, Petersen described mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as an amnestic state, since broadened to include other cognitive deficits, which, in the majority of patients, was a prelude to the development of full-blown Alzheimer disease or other dementia. MCI today is in some ways analogous to Alzheimer disease a century ago. We recognize and describe MCI clinically, among patients with memory complaints, but we do not know its distribution, outcomes, and risk factors in the elderly population at large. All population-based studies to date have found MCI to be an unstable and heterogeneous entity with a far wider range of outcomes than in the clinical setting, including reversion to normal in a substantial proportion. However, these studies thus far have been purely descriptive, and retro-fitted on to existing studies of dementia, using measurements not necessarily appropriate for the assessment of MCI. This review will address what is known and what has yet to be determined about MCI from the perspectives of the classic 7 uses of epidemiology.
Spanning the Functional Divide

Improvement can fall into two main categories: technical based or people based. Consequently, improvement practitioners usually have specialized in one of these groups. They focus on either processes and products using what could be termed “hard or technical skills” (Lean Thinking, Six Sigma) or they focus on human behavior, using what could be termed “soft skills” (OD, HR Development). However, both skills are required to implement and sustain improvements.
A blind controlled trial of adrenocorticotropin and cerebral gangliosides in nerve regeneration in the rat

Abstract Rapid axonal regeneration and successful reinnervation of muscle and sensory end organs are the requisites for effective recovery from nerve lesions. Axonal regeneration has been reportedly accelerated by cerebral gangliosides and ACTH. We measured the rate of regeneration of sensory axons in rats after sciatic nerve crush by using the pinch test. We found no difference between rats treated with ACTH or gangliosides and the control group.
More Points Than Expected on Curves over Finite Field Extensions

On average, there are qr+o(qr/2) Fqr-rational points on curves of genus g defined over Fqr. This is also true if we restrict our average to genus g curves defined over Fq, provided r is odd or r>2g. However, if r=2,4,6,? or 2g then the average is qr+qr/2+o(qr/2). We give a number of proofs of the existence of these qr/2 extra points, and in some cases give a precise formula, but we are unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon.
Intraoperative mitomycin versus postoperative 5-fluorouracil in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery.

In a randomized clinical trial, the authors compared the use of postoperative subconjunctival injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in 19 eyes with a single intraoperative application of subconjunctival mitomycin (MMC) at the filtering site in 20 eyes at high risk for failure of glaucoma filtering surgery. Six months after surgery, intraocular pressures averaged 10.9 ± 5.3 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation) in the MMC-treated eyes versus 14.2 ± 5.5 mmHg in the 5-FU-treated eyes ( P = 0.08) and were ≤12 mmHg in 60.0% of MMC-treated eyes and 21.1% of 5-FU-treated eyes ( P = 0.03). Mitomycintreated eyes were receiving an average of 0.3 ± 0.5 medications for intraocular pressure control, and 5-FU-treated eyes were receiving an average of 1.1 ± 1.1 medications ( P = 0.01). Drug-induced corneal epithelial defects were seen in nine 5-FU-treated eyes and in no MMC-treated eyes ( P = 0.0004). These results suggest that intraoperative MMC may be a viable alternative to postoperative 5-FU, with lower overall intraocular pressures, decreased dependence on postoperative ocular antihypertensive medications, and decreased corneal toxicity.
Staphylococcal nuclease domain containing-1 (SND1) promotes migration and invasion via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and TGFβ signaling

Staphylococcal nuclease domain containing-1 (SND1) is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and promotes tumorigenesis by human HCC cells. We now document that SND1 increases angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) levels by increasing AT1R mRNA stability. This results in activation of ERK, Smad2 and subsequently the TGFβ signaling pathway, promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration and invasion by human HCC cells. A positive correlation was observed between SND1 and AT1R expression levels in human HCC patients. Small molecule inhibitors of SND1, alone or in combination with AT1R blockers, might be an effective therapeutic strategy for late-stage aggressive HCC.
MATURATION OF PENAEID SRHIMP: LIPIDS IN THE MARINE FOOD WEB

We have determined that certain lipids are required in the diets of penaeid shrimp to promote ovarian maturation. In an attempt to identify appropriate feedstock supplements which contain these lipids, we have examined several invertebrate species from two locations: West Bay, Galveston, and the Gulf of Mexico 50 km offshore from Galveston. At each location, with a few notable exceptions, the lipid profiles for the various species are very similar. This finding implies that many lipids pass through the food web unaltered and that the suitability of a particular invertebrate for inducing ovarian maturation may depend upon the diet of that invertebrate.
Coexistent Vaginal Infections in High-Risk HPV Diagnosed in ASC-US Pap Test

s S53 HSIL) cells in a background of LSIL. There is limited literature examining whether the use of such a non-Bethesda nomenclature is a clinically acceptable and meaningful cytologic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Pap smears with the diagnosis of LCEH were retrieved from our pathology database over a 5 year period (January 2007June 2011). Only cases that had follow-up tissue diagnosis available within 2 years of the date of Pap smear diagnosiswere included in this study. The cases were then stratified based on two age groups, 29 years and 30 years. Results: The age range of patients with diagnosis of LCEH was 15-88 years (mean 29 years). There were 1170 cases of LCEH representing 0.3% of the entire Pap smears for this time period. There were a total of 370 cases (32%) of HSIL (CIN2/3) on tissue follow-up. When stratified by age, HSIL represented 52% in the younger age group and 33% in the older age group. LSIL was seen in 15% ( 29 years) and 8.1% ( 30 years) in the two groups respectively. Of the patients with only a Pap smear on followup (20%), 2% had HGSIL on repeat Pap smears. Overall, 17% of cases had no follow up. Two year follow-up of LCEH on Pap smear Biopsy NILM CIN1/LSIL CIN2-3/HSIL SCC in situ AIS Total or Z 30 years 48 54 95 0 0 NILM-Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy AIS-Adenocarcinoma
Implementing Cost Effective Electronic Course Reserves in an Academic Library

This paper describes how one academic library implemented electronic course reserves while keeping costs to a minimum. The system was implemented using a web page to provide links to electronic files in PDF format mounted on a Unix web server. Copyright restrictions and user access are issues that need to be addressed by any library considering e-reserves. In the face of positive faculty and student reaction to this new library service, one challenge that remains is raising public awareness so that more members of our university community may take advantage of this technology.
Nonwetting growth and cluster formation of CF4 on graphite.

An ac heat-capacity study of C${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ on graphite in the multilayer region is reported. The results indicate that C${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ does not wet graphite between 18 and 80 K. Below 72 K, the thickness of the adsorbed film is limited to two layers. A bilayer-to-trilayer layering transition is observed near 72 K. The heat-capacity signal shows unusual behavior near ${T}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}}$ which may be related to the surface transition in the C${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ bulk clusters due to the presence of the graphite substrate.
Hydrocortisone inhibits DMSO - induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells.

Abstract Hydrocortisone (10−6 – 10−7M) completely inhibited the production of hemoglobin by DMSO- and DMF-treated Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) in vitro without affecting either cell replication or general protein synthesis. Only 11, 17-dihydroxycorticosteroids were effective in inhibiting this expression of differentiation. Addition of hydrocortisone as late as 48 hours after the addition of DMSO (at a time at which cells were committed to differentiation) still resulted in significant inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis. Although the mechanism of this action is unknown, since it was not reversed by the addition of arachidonic acid nor a number of prostaglandins, it appears to be unrelated to the ability of corticosteroids to inhibit endogenous prostaglandin synthesis.
Functional organization and plasticity of the photosynthetic unit of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans

Anacystis nidulans grown under high and low light, 100 and 10 μE m−2 s−1, respectively, was analyzed with respect to chlorophyll/P700, phycobiliproteins/P700, chlorophyll/cell, and oxygen evolution parameters. The photosynthetic unit sizes of this cyanobacterium, measured as the ratio of total chromophores (chlorophyll and bilin) to P700, were shown to be similar to those of higher plants and green algae. High light grown cells possessed a photosynthetic unit consisting of a core of 157 ± 6 chlorophyll a molecules per P700 associated with a light harvesting system of 95 ± 3.5 biliprotein chromophores. Low light grown cells had substantially more biliprotein chromophores per P700 (125 ± 3.1) than high light cells, but showed no significant difference in the numbers of chlorophyll a molecules per P700 (149 ± 4). Analyses of aqueous biliprotein extracts indicate that low light grown cells produce proportionately more phycocyanin relative to allophycocyanin than high light cells. Calculations of the molecular weight of biliproteins per P700 suggest that there is less than one phycobilisome per reaction center I under both growth conditions. Differences in chlorophyll/cell ratios and oxygen evolution characteristics were also observed. High light cells contain 6.3 × 10−12 mg chlorophyll cell−1, while low light grown cells contain 12.8 × 10−12 mg chlorophyll cell−1. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate vs. light intensity curves indicate that high light grown cells reach maximal levels of oxygen evolution at higher light intensity than low light grown cells. Maximal rates of oxygen evolution were 16.6 μmol oxygen min−1 (mg chlorophyll)−1 for high and 8.4 μmol oxygen min−1 (mg chlorophyll)−1 for low light cells. Maximal oxygen evolution rates per cell were equivalent for both cell types, although the amount of P700 per cell was lower in high light cells. High light grown cells are therefore capable of producing more oxygen per reaction center I than low light grown cells.
Technology vs. consumer behavior: The battle for the financial services customer

Abstract The widespread availability of sophisticated technology coupled with the recent wave of mergers and acquisitions in financial services has heightened competition throughout the industry. Battles for the consumer's financial services dollar are taking place constantly, usually based on single-step direct marketing programs. But consumer resistance appears to be growing, especially resistance to new, high-tech alternatives to existing products consumers already use and understand. This paper examines some examples of the current situation, then uses a discussion of diffusion of innovations theory to help explain why the current situation has occurred. Thereafter, it uses Curriculum Theory, developed by a group of innovative direct marketers about 15 years ago, to offer potentially more effective direct marketing methods. Finally, it examines a new product, the smart (or stored value) card, and suggests ways to use what is known about diffusion to build effective curriculum programs.
Controlling First Service and Calving Interval by Prostaglandin F2α, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Timed Insemination

Abstract Our objective was to determine if calving intervals could be shortened and made less variable by using prostaglandin F 2 α to control the occurrence of first services. Holstein cows (n=348) were assigned at calving to four treatment groups. Control cows (n=88) were inseminated at their first observed estrus after 40 d postpartum. Estrous cycles of the remaining cows were synchronized with prostaglandin F 2 α to allow insemination (first services) 80h after the second injection (n=86), insemination at 80h preceded by gonadotropin-releasing hormone at 72h (n=86), or insemination at 72 and 96h (n=88) after the second injection (51 to 57 d postpartum). By design, interval to first service was reduced to 57 d for treated cows (63 d for controls) and was less variable (12% of that for controls). Conception rate at first service was lower after timed inseminations than that of controls. Intervals to conception and subsequent calving were similar in all treated cows and controls. Of cows sampled, 23 of 176 (13%) failed to respond with luteolysis when progesterone in serum exceeded 1ng/ml, and 26 of 176 (15%) had low concentrations of progesterone in serum and could not respond to prostaglandin F 2 α . Poor response to timed inseminations may have occurred because only 72% of 176 cows sampled responded with luteolysis. When only cows observed in estrus were considered, conception rate approached that of controls (51%). Methods of timed insemination utilized and their resulting low conception rates prevented a true test of the utility of estrous synchronization to reduce duration and variability of calving intervals, even though variability of intervals to first service was reduced.
Dynamic single-thread channels maintained by the interaction of flow and vegetation

Most rivers on Earth today flow as a single channel, in some cases with occasional islands, and follow a more or less sinuous course. However, single-thread channels have proven difficult to reproduce and study experimentally: experimental self-formed channels tend to widen and subdivide, leading to a braided pattern. Cohesive sediment has been the main mechanism studied for stabilizing banks and producing a single-thread channel. We show how laboratory experiments using vegetation to stabilize banks can organize the flow and convert the planform morphology from braided to single-thread. Our experimental strategy, a repeated cycle of short periods of high water discharge alternating with longer periods of low discharge accompanied by plant seeding and growth, leads to the evolution of a dynamic self-maintaining single-thread channel with well-defined banks and floodplain. By eliminating weak flow paths, the vegetation “corrals” the water into a single dominant channel until the reduction in total wetted width leads to a new self-organized state in which the flow removes vegetated area as fast as it is produced. The new channel is deeper and has a broader distribution of depths than the braided one, with channel size adjusted to carry almost all the flood flow. The resulting system maintains a dynamic steady state via similar mechanisms to those that operate in meandering channels in the field, specifically erosion at the outside of bends, bend growth, and bar development. Our methodology provides a basis for experimental development of self-sustaining high-amplitude meanders and has applications for river management and basic research purposes.
Session 1: Big Data/Ethnography or Big Data Ethnography

The first session explores the many ways and forms Data shape our lives. What are new roles, forms of research, methodologies and practices that contribute to the on-going exploration of boundaries between “big data” and ethnography. “Is Data the new oil?” This has become a proverbial question that many organizations and research institutions have been asking themselves when they face the ever increasing proliferation of data (and data discourses, thereof). This is an enticing postulate, but not one without controversies. But, if data is the new oil, what does it mean for our ethnographic praxis? What roles will ethnography play? What forms of research methods and practices will spring up? In fact, what do we mean by data? These are some of the questions that lie at the heart of EPIC's on-going methodological and practical pursuits. All papers in this session thus contribute to this on-going debate by exploring the boundaries (epistemological, methodological, and practical) between “big data” and ethnography. From describing the use of mixed-methods for investigating mobile money to exploring the emergence of analytic technology tools to help ethnographers collect and explore data to investigating the ‘meanings’ of data in data-intensive social settings, such as, health and wellness communities, this session will offer a broad perspective on the subject, asking us to reflect not only on our own research practices but on the future of our field.
Inquiry Science Professional Development Combined with a Science Summer Camp for Immediate Application.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intensive three-week science institute for preservice and inservice elementary teachers that was funded by an Eisenhower Professional Development grant and a Regents’ Initiative Research grant. The institute was held in combination with a summer science camp for elementary children. Pre-and post-assessments indicated an increased level of comfort with inquiry-based teaching, as well as an increase in content and pedagogical knowledge. On an open-ended questionnaire, the teachers indicated that the opportunity for immediate application of their own learning with children in the camp was a valuable part of the program.
Ethical Issues in Clinical Settings: A Reaction to Ethics in Teaching, Advising, and Clinical Services

(1993). Ethical Issues in Clinical Settings: A Reaction to Ethics in Teaching, Advising, and Clinical Services. Quest: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 106-119.
Carbon-nitrogen bond cleavage in pyridine ring systems mediated by organometallic thorium(IV) complexes.

Thorium(IV) alkyl and aryl complexes of the type (C5Me5)2ThR2 (R = CH2Ph, Ph) have been found to mediate the facile ring-opening and dearomatization of the pyridine ring of pyridine N-oxide under ambient conditions to afford the first thorium η2-(O,N)-oximate complexes.
Mixed-metal hydride complexes containing ZrHA1 bridges. synthesis and relation to transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of aluminum hydrides

Abstract Dialkylaluminum hydrides and Cp2ZrX2 (Cp = π5-C5H5; X = Cl, H, alkyl) were found to react by aggregation to give mixed ZrAl trihydride complexes containing ZrHAl bridges. Reactions of these mixed-metal hydrides are discussed and structural parallels between them and known aluminum hydride complexes are drawn.