cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Magnetic Recording

In recent years magnetic recording has become a preferred medium for storing information such as printed language, mathematics, sound, and pictures. It is compact, economical, easily updated, and instantly retrievable. Magnetic data banks equivalent to large libraries can be scanned in a few seconds, and the selected information displayed or printed immediately.
A molecular conundrum involving hypothalamic responses to and roles of long non-coding RNAs following food deprivation.

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of most poorly understood RNA classes in the mammalian transcriptome. However, they are emerging as important players in transcriptional regulation, especially within the complexity of the nervous system. This review summarizes the known information about lncRNAs, and their roles in endocrine processes, as well as the lesser-known information about lncRNAs in the brain, and in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. A “call-to-action” is presented for researchers to use archival transcriptome data to characterize differentially expressed lncRNA species within the hypothalamus. In accordance, we analyze for differential-expression of lncRNA between normal mice and mice with a targeted deletion of the nescient helix-loop-helix 2 gene, and between C57Bl/6 and 129Sv/J mice. Finally, strategies and approaches for researchers to analyze their own datasets or those on the NCBI GEO datasets repository are provided, in hopes that future studies will reveal many new roles for lncRNAs in hypothalamic physiological responses, solving this so-called “molecular conundrum” once and for all.
IL-10 plays an important role in the control of inflammation but not in the bacterial burden in S. epidermidis CNS catheter infection.

Background Shunt infection is a frequent and serious complication in the surgical treatment in hydrocephalus. Previous studies have shown an attenuated immune response to these biofilm-mediated infections. We proposed that IL-10 reduces the inflammatory response to Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) CNS catheter infection.
DART-MS analysis of inorganic explosives using high temperature thermal desorption

An ambient mass spectrometry (MS) platform coupling resistive Joule heating thermal desorption (JHTD) and direct analysis in real time (DART) was implemented for the analysis of inorganic nitrite, nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate salts. The resistive heating component generated discrete and rapid heating ramps and elevated temperatures, up to approximately 400 °C s−1 and 750 °C, by passing a few amperes of DC current through a nichrome wire. JHTD enhanced the utility and capabilities of traditional DART-MS for the trace detection of previously difficult to detect inorganic compounds. A partial factorial design of experiments (DOE) was implemented for the systematic evaluation of five system parameters. A base set of conditions for JHTD-DART-MS was derived from this evaluation, demonstrating sensitive detection of a range of inorganic oxidizer salts, down to single nanogram levels. DOE also identified JHTD filament current and in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) energy as inducing the greatest effect on system response. Tuning of JHTD current provided a method for controlling the relative degrees of thermal desorption and thermal decomposition. Furthermore, in-source CID provided manipulation of adduct and cluster fragmentation, optimizing the detection of molecular anion species. Finally, the differential thermal desorption nature of the JHTD-DART platform demonstrated efficient desorption and detection of organic and inorganic explosive mixtures, with each desorbing at its respective optimal temperature.
Early Christian Rhetoric(s) In Situ

ABSTRACTIn the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, an unprecedented number of Gnostic manuscripts were unearthed at sites across Egypt. Discovered on the Cairo antiquities market, in ancient trash heaps, and in buried jars, these papyri have radically refigured the landscape of early Christian history. Rhetoric, however, has overlooked the Gnostics. Long denigrated as heretical, Gnostic texts invite historians of rhetoric to (re)consider the role of gender in the early Church, the interplay between gnōsis and contemporary rhetorical concepts, and the development of early Christian rhetorical practice(s) within diverse historical contexts, including the Second Sophistic. In response to recent calls for rhetorical archaeology, this essay returns to Cairo, Oxyrhynchus, and Nag Hammadi. These three locations refigure early Christian rhetoric(s) in situ.
Examining racial/ethnic differences in patterns of benzodiazepine prescription and misuse.

Abstract Background Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely prescribed during psychiatric treatment. Unfortunately, their misuse has led to recent surges in overdose emergency visits and drug-related deaths. Methods Electronic health record data from a large healthcare system were used to describe racial/ethnic, sex, and age differences in BZD use and dependence. Among patients with a BZD prescription, we assessed differences in the likelihood of subsequently receiving a BZD dependence diagnosis, number of BZD prescriptions, receiving only one BZD prescription, and receiving 18 or more BZD prescriptions. We also estimated multivariate hazard models and generalized linear models, assessing racial/ethnic differences after adjustment for covariates. Results In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, Whites were more likely than Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians to have a BZD dependence diagnosis and to receive a BZD prescription. Racial/ethnic minority groups received fewer BZD prescriptions, were more likely to have only one BZD prescription, and were less likely to have 18 or more BZD prescriptions. We identified greater BZD misuse among older patients but no sex differences. Conclusions Findings from this study add to the emerging evidence of high relative rates of prescription drug abuse among Whites. There is a concern, given their greater likelihood of having only one BZD prescription, that Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians may be discontinuing BZDs before their clinical need is resolved. Research is needed on provider readiness to offer racial/ethnic minorities BZDs when indicated, patient preferences for BZDs, and whether lower prescription rates among racial/ethnic minorities offer protection against the progression from prescription to addiction.
Controlled vapor crystal growth of N a 4 I r 3 O 8 : A three-dimensional quantum spin liquid candidate

We report the successful bulk single-crystal growth of the hyperkagome lattice iridate $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}_{4}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{r}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ (Na438) by vapor transport using a sealed aluminum oxide tube as a container. Crystals were characterized by magnetization, x-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray measurements, confirming their identity and properties. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction experiments revealed superlattice peaks indexed on a propagation vector $q=(1/3,1/3,1/3)$ based on the cubic substructure with cell parameter $a=8.986(1)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$. This superlattice is three-dimensional and fully coherent. Polarization analysis rules out spin and/or orbital order as the underlying origin of the modulation and points to long-range ordering of Na ions at the notionally disordered Na sites as a plausible origin for the observed superlattice.
Assessment Literacy: What Science Teachers Need to Know and Be Able to Do

This chapter considers the theoretical and empirical foundations for assessment literacy, proposes a model for assessment literacy, describes a case of the model in action, and suggests implications of the model for teacher education and research efforts. The model of assessment literacy advanced by the authors is both grounded in their own research, and an extension of two existing theoretical frameworks: the Magnusson et al. (1999) model of science teacher knowledge, and the Pellegrino et al. (2001) model of assessment.
Designing Integrated CBR Systems

Most existing CBR systems focus on one particular issue, e.g. a retrieval or a reuse method. Therefore no unusual questions of system architecture arise. If however many methods are to be combined, this will lead to problems. FABEL PROTOTYPE is the only known CBR system combining a bunch of quite diverse methods. Therefore, this part of the book on integrated systems is predominantly devoted to FABEL PROTOTYPE. In the present chapter, we deal with questions of knowledge acquisition for complex CBR systems and with general problems of CBR architectures and we illustrate the FABEL PROTOTYPE solution in a non-technical overview.
Contextualizing Slavery’s Wrongness

In this chapter, I contextualize slavery’s wrongness by considering whether certain forms of servitude that overlap slavery should count as slavery. I argue in favour of the League of Nations’ definition of slavery, which aimed to broaden the Enlightenment concept with a focus on power relations sometimes involved in overlapping cases of servitude. I resist endorsing the legal enforcement of slavery contracts when such agreements grant employers an absolute power of life or death over labourers. Given that overlapping cases of servitude do not count as slavery unless they satisfy this particular condition, it is misguided to include all overlapping cases we find morally objectionable, for this stipulation does not preclude a condemnation of unjust cases of servitude that do not count as slavery.
The Uncanny Valley: Existence and Explanations:

More than 40 years ago, Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori (1970/2005) proposed the “uncanny valley” hypothesis, which predicted a nonlinear relation between robots’ perceived human likeness and the...
Making Federalism Great Again: How the Trump Administration's Attack on Sanctuary Cities Unintentionally Strengthened Judicial Protection for State Autonomy

“Sanctuary cities” - jurisdictions that refuse to assist federal government attempts to deport undocumented immigrants - have become a major focus of political conflict over immigration policy. The Trump administration’s efforts to punish sanctuary jurisdictions have led to multiple legal battles over constitutional federalism. The administration’s crackdown on sanctuary jurisdictions has helped make federalism great again. It achieved this unintended outcome by generating a series of court decisions protecting state and local governments against federal coercion, and by leading many on the political left to take a more favorable view of judicial enforcement of constitutional limits on federal power. This is the first academic article to attempt a comprehensive evaluation of the federalism issues at stake in the Trump-era litigation on sanctuary cities. The article assesses the three main sets of sanctuary cases that have arisen during the Trump administration: legal challenges to Trump’s January 2017 executive order targeting sanctuary cities, challenges to the Justice Department’s July 2017 policy of conditioning federal law enforcement grants on state and local government cooperation with efforts to deport undocumented immigrants, and the administration’s lawsuit against California’s “sanctuary state” law. So far, at least, all three have led to notable victories for advocates of constitutional limits on federal power. The sanctuary litigation has also produced a noteworthy reversal of the usual ideological valence of judicial enforcement of federalism, with progressive “blue” jurisdictions relying on legal doctrines traditionally associated with the political right. Whether this helps trigger a more lasting shift in attitudes towards federalism remains to be seen.
Abstract BS1-1: High resolution intravital imaging of the mechanism of how breast cancer initiates and sustains systemic dissemination

Multiphoton microscopy of live animals (IVI) has revolutionized our understanding of cancer metastasis. IVI demonstrates that TMEM, the intravasation doorway, composed of a three cell complex: Mena-Hi tumor cell, endothelial cell and Tie2-Hi/VEGF-Hi macrophage, is the only site in breast tumors where tumor cell intravasation occurs1. During tumor progression, macrophage progenitor cells undergo unidirectional transition from migratory to TMEM-associated macrophages2. During and after this macrophage programming, tumor cells migrate with macrophages and chemotax with high persistence to blood vessels under the control of HGF gradients3 arriving at TMEM1. The TMEM structure itself, as well as the signaling pathways unique to tumor cells interacting with TMEM, have been validated as prognostic markers for predicting metastasis in breast cancer patients4-6. These were the first markers of metastasis in clinical use derived from multiphoton intravital imaging. TMEM are found in both primary and metastatic tumor sites of breast cancer7 and in primary and metastatic sites of pancreatic ductal and neuro-endocrine tumors. Clinical trials of TMEM inhibitors, targeting TMEM in both primary and secondary sites8,9, are now underway in breast cancer patients (clinical trials study number NCT02824575). As tumor cells interact with TMEM, MenaINV. expression in the tumor cells occurs in response to macrophage-induced NOTCH signaling10, which drives invadopod assembly/ function, and metastatic seeding11,12. MenaINV expression is necessary for invadopod-mediated transendothelial migration during intravasation at TMEM13 and assures the efficient dissemination of seeding competent and non-dividing tumor cells which, after a delay, contribute to metastatic recurrence at multiple systemic sites. These findings support TMEM as a critical therapeutic target for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis. 1.Harney, A.S. et al. (2015) PMC4560669 2.Arwert, E.N. et al. (2018) PMC5946803 3.Leung, E. et al. (2017) PMC5426963 4.Karagiannis, G.S. et al (2016) PMC4893654 5.Rohan, T.E. et al. (2014) PMC4133559 6.Sparano, J.A. et al. (2017)PMC5678158 7.Entenberg, D. et al. (2018)PMC5755704 8.Harney, A.S. et al. (2017)PMC5669998 9.Karagiannis, G.S. et al. (2017) PMC5592784 10.Pignatelli, J. et al. (2016) PMC5129016 11.Eddy, R.J. et al (2017) PMC5524604 12.Linde, N. et al. (2018) PMC5750231 13.Pignatelli, J. et al.(2014) PMC4266931 Citation Format: Condeelis J. High resolution intravital imaging of the mechanism of how breast cancer initiates and sustains systemic dissemination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr BS1-1.
Geometric Solutions for Problems in Velocity-Based Orbit Determination

Classical techniques for initial orbit determination (IOD) require the analyst to find a body’s orbit given only observations such as bearings, range, and/or position. In these cases, one of the goals is often to solve for the unknown velocity vector at one or more of the observation times to fully define the orbit. Recently, however, a new class of IOD problems has been proposed that switches the knowns and unknowns in these classic IOD problems. Specifically, the objective is to find the unknown position vectors given only velocity measurements. This paper presents a detailed assessment of the geometric properties of this new family of velocity-only IOD problems. The primary tool for this geometric analysis is Hamilton’s orbital hodograph, which is known to be a perfect circle for all orbits obeying Keplerian dynamics. This framework is used to produce intuitive and efficient algorithms for IOD from three velocity vectors (similar structure to Gibbs problem) and for IOD from two velocity vectors and time-of-flight (similar structure to Lambert’s problem). Performance of these algorithms is demonstrated through numerical results.
Gene Expression Signatures Associated With Survival Times of Pediatric Patients With Biliary Atresia Identify Potential Therapeutic Agents.

Background & Aims Little is known about the factors that affect outcomes of patients with biliary atresia and there are no medical therapies that increase biliary drainage. Methods Liver biopsies and clinical data were obtained from infants with cholestasis and from children without liver disease (controls); messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated, randomly assigned to discovery (n = 121) and validation sets (n = 50), and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Using the Superpc R package followed by Cox regression analysis, we sought to identify gene expression profiles that correlated with survival without liver transplantation at 24 months of age. We also searched for combinations of gene expression patterns, clinical factors, and laboratory results obtained at diagnosis and at 1 and 3 months after surgery that associated with transplant-free survival for 24 months of age. We induced biliary atresia in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal administration of Rhesus rotavirus type A. Mice were given injections of the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or manganese (III) tetrakis-(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin. Blood and liver tissues were collected and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results We identified a gene expression pattern of 14 mRNAs associated with shorter vs longer survival times in the discovery and validation sets (P Conclusions In studies of liver tissues from infants with cholestasis, we identified a 14-gene expression pattern that associated with transplant-free survival for 2 years. mRNAs encoding proteins that regulate fibrosis genes were increased in liver tissues from infants who did not survive for 2 years, whereas mRNAs that encoded proteins that regulate glutathione metabolism were increased in infants who survived for 2 years. NAC reduced liver injury and fibrosis in mice with biliary atresia, and increased survival times. Agents such as NAC that promote glutathione metabolism might be developed for treatment of biliary atresia.
Induction of memory-like dendritic cell responses in vivo

Dendritic cells (DCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, are considered to lack antigen specificity and be devoid of immunological memory. Strategies that can induce memory-like responses from innate cells can be utilized to elicit protective immunity in immune deficient persons. Here we utilize an experimental immunization strategy to modulate DC inflammatory and memory-like responses against an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals. Our results show that DCs isolated from protectively immunized mice exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation of interferon and immune signaling pathways. We also show long-term memory-like cytokine responses upon subsequent challenge with the fungal pathogen that are abrogated with inhibitors of specific histone modifications. Altogether, our study demonstrates that immunization strategies can be designed to elicit memory-like DC responses against infectious disease.
History of predator exposure affects cell-mediated immunity in female eastern fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)

On exposure to stressors, energy is diverted from non-urgent functions towards those important for immediate survival. The degree and nature of reallocation may be affected by the evolutionary history of the animal. The eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) coexists in parts of its range with invasive fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), which attack and wound lizards and elevate stress-relevant hormones (corticosterone), whereas other populations have never been exposed to fire ants. We examined how a history of fire ant invasion affected the immune response in female lizards after exposure to exogenous corticosterone (mimicking exposure to a stressor) during gestation (dosing regimens differed among corticosterone-exposed lizards owing to the constraints of the original studies, but we found no evidence that this affected the outcome of the present study). A history of exposure to predatory stressors (fire ants) and corticosterone treatment affected cell-mediated immunity. Lizards from fire ant-invaded sites had a reduced immune response compared with those from uninvaded sites. Corticosterone treatment had no effect on the immune response of lizards from invaded sites but reduced the immune response of lizards from uninvaded sites. This suggests that an evolutionary history of exposure to wounding alters the immune response to corticosterone. Future work on how the immune system responds to environmental threats will be informative for the prediction and management of these threats. (Less)
Bowel Obstruction and Hydronephrosis Due to an Over-the-Scope Clip

An over-the-scope clip is a type of endoscopically placed clip used to treat gastrointestinal perforation, bleeding, or fistula. After the defect heals, the clip usually passes uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. An uncommon complication of over-the-scope clip placement is intestinal obstruction caused by luminal stenosis at the site of clip placement. Intestinal obstruction can rarely cause other downstream complications such as hydronephrosis from extrinsic compression of the urinary tract. We report a rare case of bilateral hydronephrosis caused by bowel obstruction from a migrated endoscopically placed clip.
A Patient-Narrative Video Approach to Teaching Fibromyalgia.

Introduction:Although fibromyalgia is one of the most common and clinically important rheumatologic entities, physicians frequently report that their training fails to prepare them to manage this d...
Laser reprogramming magnetic anisotropy in soft composites for reconfigurable 3D shaping.

Responsive soft materials capable of exhibiting various three-dimensional (3D) shapes under the same stimulus are desirable for promising applications including adaptive and reconfigurable soft robots. Here, we report a laser rewritable magnetic composite film, whose responsive shape-morphing behaviors induced by a magnetic field can be digitally and repeatedly reprogrammed by a facile method of direct laser writing. The composite film is made from an elastomer and magnetic particles encapsulated by a phase change polymer. Once the phase change polymer is temporarily melted by transient laser heating, the orientation of the magnetic particles can be re-aligned upon change of a programming magnetic field. By the digital laser writing on selective areas, magnetic anisotropies can be encoded in the composite film and then reprogrammed by repeating the same procedure, thus leading to multimodal 3D shaping under the same actuation magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrated their functional applications in assembling multistate 3D structures driven by the magnetic force-induced buckling, fabricating multistate electrical switches for electronics, and constructing reconfigurable magnetic soft robots with locomotion modes of peristalsis, crawling, and rolling. Responsive soft materials which can exhibit various three-dimensional (3D) shapes under the same stimulus are desirable for applications in adaptive and reconfigurable soft robots. Here, the authors report a laser rewritable magnetic composite film, whose responsive shape-morphing behaviors induced by a magnetic field can be digitally and repeatedly reprogrammed by a facile method of direct laser writing.
Interferometric measurements of refractive index and dispersion at high pressure.

We describe a high precision interferometer system to measure the pressure dependence of the refractive index and its dispersion in the diamond anvil cell (DAC). The reflective Fabry–Perot fringe patterns created by both a white light and a monochromatic beam are recorded to determine both the sample thickness and its index at the laser wavelength and to characterize the dispersion in the visible range. Advances in sample preparation, optical setup, and data analysis enable us to achieve $$10^{-4}$$ random uncertainty, demonstrated with an air sample, a factor of five improvement over the best previous DAC measurement. New data on $${\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$$ liquid water and ice VI up to 2.21 GPa at room temperature illustrate how higher precision measurements of the index and its optical dispersion open up new opportunities to reveal subtle changes in the electronic structure of water at high pressure.
Workplace Rights and Responsibilities

As we saw in Chapter 3, it is in everyone's interest that engineers be heeded when they recognize risks and threats to the public welfare. It is in a client or employer's interest to see that engineers’ concerns are heard within their organization, so that no dangers or defects will be overlooked. Those organizations that disregard their engineers or even try to silence them, leaving them no alternative to “ blowing the whistle ” (i.e., going outside their organization to get attention to their concerns), lose the benefit of their engineers’ expertise and the respect of the public. In prior chapters, we have focused on the moral skills that enable engineers to fulfill their responsibilities both in responsive and unresponsive organizations. In countries like the United States where employee engineers usually have no written employment contracts that protect engineers against retaliatory discharge, less reputable companies may retaliate against engineers for pursuing ethical concerns that clash with the company's short-term business objectives. Therefore, creating a workplace that is relatively free of the risk of such retaliation is a much larger ethical issue for engineering in a country like the United States than in countries where employee contracts are the norm.
Flexible Phased Array Shape Reconstruction

Lightweight, flexible phased arrays enable new applications by dynamically changing shape during deployment and operation. However, these shape changes must be tracked and accounted for by changing the element excitation in order for the array to continue proper operation. We propose a framework for reconstructing the shape of a flexible phased array using only measurements of mutual coupling between the antennas in the array. The framework is demonstrated using a passive 2.5 GHz phased array and fixed to 8 different frames of known radii of convex and concave curvature. Our results show the ability to reconstruct shape to within ≈ 0.04λ position error, even in cases where the phased array is bent dramatically, without any advanced knowledge or additional information. The framework is modular and can be easily adapted to other phased array systems with different antennas, frequencies, and physical constraints.
Abstract 15952: Feasibility and Safety of Balloon Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With Moderate or No Predilatation

Background: Aortic valve preparation by performing balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has so far been considered mandatory during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. We hypothesized that performing TAVR without predilatation (PD) could potentially reduce BAV complications during TAVR (e.g. stroke or conduction disorders), while yielding similar hemodynamic and clinical outcome. There is limited data on the safety of TAVR with moderate or with no PD and previous publications addressing this issue are mainly of self-expandable valves. Methods & Results: Between September 2012 and January 2014, 95 patients underwent direct balloon expandable TAVR (no PD group) and 255 patients had moderate PD before valve deployment (mean balloon width-15mm; moderate PD group). The Transfemoral approach was used in 79% of patients. Device success was similar between groups (no PD -97%, moderate PD -95%; p=0.44), post procedural mean aortic valve gradients were 6.8 and 6mmHG. There was significantly less initial perivalvular leak (PVL) in the no PD group: 82%, 17%, 1%, 0% versus 66%, 23%, 9%, 2% for no/trace, mild, moderate and severe PVL respectively (p Conclusions: TAVR with moderate or no PD is feasible and safe. The no PD approach was associated with lower rates of permanent pacemaker implantation and less PVL without affecting procedural success.
The Glycoproteins of Secretory Cells in Airway Epithelium

Quantitative histochemical methods demonstrate a variety of glycoproteins within mucus-secreting cells of airway epithelium. A single cell may synthesize one or a combination of four major types--(i) neutral glycoprotein, (ii) and (iii) sialylated either sensitive or resistant to sialidase and (iv) sulphated. In human airway disease, or in experimental response to inhalation of an irritant, there is mucus cell hyperplasia and change in the proportion of cells synthesizing the various types. Experimental studies show how speedily these changes occur. In rats exposed to tobacco smoke changes are found within 20 h of the first exposure. Only in the extrapulmonary epithelium is there discharge of the secretions, with an apparent fall in cell number. Modification of glycoprotein may occur with an unchanged or increased cell number, suggesting that it occurs in existing and newly appearing secretory cells. Modification of the contents of the granule occurs toward the cell apex. Modification of glycoprotein synthesis towards the normal is also the most sensitive and earliest sign of recovery.
Single ventricle and pulmonary stenosis: Surgical management in a patient over a period of 25 years

One of the longest living survivors of the Blalock-Taussig shunt is a patient with a complex form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, including a single ventricle (anatomically right), d -loop, anterior aorta, pulmonary valvular and subvalvular stenosis and anomalous pulmonary venous return to a common atrial chamber. A Blalock shunt was performed at age 21 months, a Potts anastomosis at age 9 years, and an 8 mm Dacron shunt was added between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery at age 24 years. The patient's arterial oxygen saturation level of 86 percent and his relative well-being and active life at age 26 years suggest that sequential aortopulmonary shunting with increasing age is desirable in some patients with complicated heart disease and severe polycythemia.
Glucocorticoid Receptors in Rat Thymocytes: INTERACTIONS WITH THE ANTIGLUCOCORTICOID CORTEXOLONE AND MECHANISM OF ITS ACTION

Abstract The antiglucocorticoid cortexolone competes with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for binding to specific receptors in rat thymocytes, and prevents the inhibitory action of TA on 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and on the uptake and incorporation of [3H]uridine in these cells. Different sedimentation profiles were noted for the active glucocorticoid-receptor complex and the hormone antagonist-receptor complex. Thymocytes incubated with [3H]TA at 0° or 37° and extracted with a high salt buffer (0.15 m KCl) yielded a single receptor complex sedimenting at ∼4 S. At 0° and extraction with a low salt buffer, most of the [3H]TA was associated with the 27,000 x g supernatant and complexes sedimenting at ∼3.5 S and ∼7 S were observed in a 5 to 20% sucrose gradient. At 37° and low salt extraction, the [3H]TA was bound to a 27,000 x g pellet (containing 98% cellular DNA) from which it could be extracted with high salt to yield a ∼4 S complex. In contrast, cortexolone yielded a single receptor complex, ∼3.5 S, at both 0° and 37° after extraction of thymocytes with either the low or high salt buffer. Moreover, if the 37° low salt pellet is re-extracted with the high salt buffer, additional [3H]TA-receptor complex could be isolated but this was not the case for the [3H]cortexolone-receptor complex. When the [3H]TA receptor enters the nucleus it is firmly bound to an intranuclear molecule, whereas the cortexolone-receptor when taken up by the nucleus does not bind to an acceptor molecule. It is concluded that the lack of activity of the cortexolone-receptor complex is the result of a conformational change which allows for its uptake by the nucleus but decreases its affinity for a nuclear acceptor site and therefore does not mediate a biological response.
Study of the reaction 12C + 13C → α + 21Ne

Abstract The reaction 12 C + 13 C → α + 21 Ne has been investigated at a c.m. bombarding energy of 14.5 MeV using beams of both 12 C and 13 C. The α-particle reaction products were recorded using a multiple-angle spectrograph. Seventy-six levels were observed below 12.56 MeV in 21 Ne; 28 levels from 9.42 to 12.56 MeV are reported for the first time. The data are consistent with a compound-nucleus reaction mechanism.
Membrane reflector VCSELs on-silicon

We review recent advances on membrane reflector based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers on silicon, based on surface-normal Fano resonance photonic crystal crystalline nanomembranes. We will also discuss photonic crysatl bandedge effect based membrane lasers and other Fano resonance photonic crystal devices for integrated photonics.
Examination of tungsten oxide based thin films for optical memory

Because of its well known electrochromic and photochromic properties, and its relative ease of large scale manufacture, tungsten oxide has long been a candidate for display applications. This use was first suggested by Deb in 1973, and numerous patents and papers in the primary literature followed. Tungsten oxide based electrochromic processes have been reviewed by Granquist. We are currently exploring the medium’s photochromic and electrochromic properties for memory and switching purposes. Photochromism refers to the fact that exposing the medium to light causes the material to change color. The light is thought to induce the formation of free charge carriers which can be mobile oxygen ions and radicals as well as electrons that initiate the chemistry leading to the color change. The process we have studied is represented by the chemical reaction below. This process is distinct from chemistry originally described by Deb and reviewed by Granquist in that subbandgap exploitation can be employed.
A new method to account for STATCOM losses in power flow analysis

Power flow analysis of power systems with STATCOM is reviewed. A new method for the power flow calculation of a power system with STATCOM operating in voltage control mode is introduced. Unlike the common practice where the real power loss of STATCOM is ignored, the proposed procedure accommodates this loss by including the equivalent resistance of the STATCOM in power flow calculation. The new method is applied for the IEEE 30-bus test system. The results show that the proposed method possesses excellent convergence characteristics.
WIPER: the integrated wireless phone based emergency response system

We describe a prototype emergency response system. This dynamic data driven application system (DDDAS) uses wireless call data, including call volume, who calls whom, call duration, services in use, and cell phone location information. Since all cell phones (that are powered on) maintain contact with one or more local cell towers, location data about each phone is updated periodically and available throughout the cellular phone network. This permits the cell phones of a city to serve as an ad hoc mobile sensor net, measuring the movement and calling patterns of the population. Social network theory and statistical analysis on normal call activity and call locations establish a baseline. A detection and alert system monitors streaming summary cell phone call data. Abnormal call patterns or population movements trigger a simulation and prediction system. Hypotheses about the anomaly are generated by a rule-based system, each initiating an agent-based simulation. Automated dynamic validation of the simulations against incoming streaming data is used to test each hypothesis. A validated simulation is used to predict the evolution of the anomaly and made available to an emergency response decision support system.
Overturning Anti-Miscegenation Laws News Media Coverage of the Lovings’ Legal Case Against the State of Virginia

This study fills a gap in scholarship by exploring historical news coverage of interracial relationships. It examines coverage by The New York Times, Washington Post and Times-Herald, and Chicago Tribune of the progression of the landmark civil rights case of Loving v. Virginia, in which the Supreme Court overturned Virginia's anti-miscegenation law, which prohibited marriage between any White and non-White person. An analysis of the frames and sources used in these publications' news stories about the case indicate all three publications' coverage favored the Lovings.
Selective modulation of morphine antinociception, but not development of tolerance, by δ receptor agonists

Abstract Co-administration of δ opioid agonists at doses which do not produce measurable antinociception were demonstrated to produce an increase in the antinociceptive potency of morphine in the mouse tail-flick test. In contrast, co-administration of equi-antinociceptive combinations of a δ agonist plus morphine for three days resulted in the development of less tolerance to morphine antinociceptive actions. The data indicate that while acute antinociceptive effects of opioid μ agonists are modulated by δ agonists, the development of antinociceptive tolerance is not.
Comparisons of Dietary Intake and Sources of Fat in Low- and High-Fat Diets of 18- to 24-Year-Olds

Abstract Objective To determine the sources of fat in the diets of 18-to 24-year-olds and to identify the food group choices of those consuming 30% of energy or less from fat. Design This study compared the fat intake, nutrient intake, and food group choices of young men and women consuming 30% or less or more than 30% of energy from fat. Subjects The 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the study sample of 1,062 (436 men and 626 women) 18- to 24-year-olds residing in the 48 coterminous states who completed one 24-hour food recall and two 1-day food records. Main outcome measures Dietary fat, vitamin, mineral, and food group intakes were determined by analysis of the 24-hour food recalls and the 1-day food records. Statistical analysis performed t Tests were used to detect differences in nutrient and food group intakes between the two groups for both men and women. Results More than 75% of the sample consumed more than 30% of energy from fat. The men and women who consumed low-fat diets did so by choosing more low-fat dairy products, fruits, and grains. Men who consumed low-fat diets consumed significantly more alcohol than other men; women who consumed low-fat diets showed a similar trend although the difference was not statistically significant. Although men and women who consumed a high-fat diet did consume significantly greater amounts of fat and cholesterol, they also fared better in vitamin and mineral intake. Conclusions A minority of young adults consumed 30% or less of energy from fat. Compared with those who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat, men consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin C and folate, and women consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin A and folate. Young adults who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat exceeded current recommendations for dietary fat intake; however, the men were less likely to be at risk for calcium deficiency and the women were less likely to be at risk for vitamin E and zinc deficiencies. Because excess dietary fat and alcohol can lead to chronic disease, dietitians should continue to educate people about the relationship between nutrition and health. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:893-897 .
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli TibA Glycoprotein Adheres to Human Intestine Epithelial Cells

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is capable of invading epithelial cell lines derived from the human ileum and colon. Two separate invasion loci (tia and tib) that direct noninvasive E. coli strains to adhere to and invade cultured human intestine epithelial cells have previously been isolated from the classical ETEC strain H10407. The tib locus directs the synthesis of TibA, a 104-kDa outer membrane glycoprotein. Synthesis of TibA is directly correlated with the adherence and invasion phenotypes of the tib locus, suggesting that this protein is an adhesin and invasin. Here we report the purification of TibA and characterization of its biological activity. TibA was purified by continuous-elution preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified TibA was biotin labeled and then shown to bind to HCT8 human ileocecal epithelial cells in a specific and saturable manner. Unlabeled TibA competed with biotin-labeled TibA, suggesting the presence of a specific TibA receptor in HCT8 cells. These results show that TibA acts as an adhesin. Polyclonal anti-TibA antiserum inhibited invasion of ETEC strain H10407 and of recombinant E. coli bearing tib locus clones, suggesting that TibA also acts as an invasin. The ability of TibA to direct epithelial cell adhesion suggests a role for this protein in ETEC pathogenesis.
Sexual differences in the distribution and retention of organic and inorganic mercury in methyl mercury-treated rats.

At 56 days of age, male and female Long-Evans rats received 1 μmole of 203 Hg-labeled methyl mercuric chloride per kilogram sc and total, organic, and inorganic mercury contents and concentrations in tissues were determined for up to 98 days postdosing. Whole body clearance of mercury was faster in females than in males, and females attained higher peak percentages of the methyl mercury dose in kidney and brain than did males. Females had significantly higher mean percentages of the mercury dose present in the kidney and brain as organic or total mercury and in brain as inorganic mercury than did males. Males had significantly higher mean percentages of the dose present as organic or total mercury in pelt and whole body than did females. When expressed on a concentration basis, the only significant sexual difference was in the higher average concentration of organic mercury in the kidneys of females. When expressed on a tissue content basis, significant male-female differences in the kinetics (sex × time interactions) of organic mercury retention were found in kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, pelt, and whole body. Significant sex × time interactions in the concentrations of organic mercury were found in kidney, skeletal muscle, and whole body. Kinetics of retention and concentration of inorganic Hg in the pelt differed significantly for males and females. Discordance in degree of statistical significance of differences in mercury contents and concentrations reflected in part differences in relative body composition of males and females. Integrated exposures of tissues of males and females to organic or inorganic mercury were determined by fitting multiexponential retention functions to retention data. Differences in integrated exposure were estimated by the female-to-male ratio of areas under retention curves. Reconstruction of whole body organic and inorganic mercury burdens from constituent tissues indicated that integrated exposures of males and females to inorganic mercury were equal but females had a lower integrated exposure to organic mercury. Integrated exposure of liver to either form of mercury was about equal in males and females. However, the integrated exposure of the brain of females to inorganic mercury was 2.19 times that of males suggesting a sexual difference in accumulation or retention of inorganic mercury in the nervous system. These sexual differences in distribution and retention of organic and inorganic mercury after methyl mercury exposure may underlie reported sexual differences in sensitivity to the toxic effects of methyl mercury.
Pressure effects on sound in glassy semiconductors

Abstract The speed of ultrasonic waves has been measured in glassy Te 15 Ge 3 As 2 under hydrostatic pressure up to 10 k bar. Cook's analysis was used to eliminate sample compression effects on the acoustic transit time so that sound speed could be calculated. The sound speed increases smoothly with increasing pressure. The compressibility varies from 5.66 × 10 −12 cm 2 /dyne at one atmosphere of pressure to 3.86 × 10 −12 cm 2 /dyne at 10 k bar. The isothermal compressibility, Debye temperature, Gruneisen parameter, density, Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio have been calculated from the acoustic data and are tabulated.
An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the reactions of silver hyponitrite with phosphorus halides. In search of the elusive phosphorus-containing hyponitrites.

In the reaction of F2PBr, F2P(O)Br, (C6F5)2PBr, (CH3)2P(S)Br, and (CH3)2P(O)Cl with silver hyponitrite (AgONNOAg), nitrous oxide (N2O) and μ-oxo phosphorus species were obtained in all cases rather than the plausible hyponitrite alternative. Theoretical calculations of the geometries and expected decomposition pathways of the phosphorus-containing hypothetical hyponitrites were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2df)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The cis-hyponitrite, XONNOX (XPF2, OPF2), is predicted to concertedly decompose to N2 plus phosphorus-containing radicals (OPF2, O2PF2) or to N2O plus the μ-oxo phosphorus species, XOX, (XPF2, OPF2) with the former pathway having a smaller activation barrier (4.6 kcal/mol, XPF2; 10.5 kcal/mol, XOPF2). On the other hand, trans-hyponitrite can only decompose to N2 plus the phosphorus-containing radicals, because there is a very high barrier for rearrangement to cis-hyponitrite. These results are in disagreement with experiment, because only the μ-oxo phosphorus species are...
Aging Education: Teaching and Practice Strategies

Despite an ever-growing need for social workers trained to address the needs of older adults, social work baccalaureate and masters programs have been slow to offer gerontology-focused foundation c...
Role of the Rous Sarcoma Virus p10 Domain in Shape Determination of Gag Virus-Like Particles Assembled In Vitro and within Escherichia coli

Purified retrovirus Gag proteins can assemble in vitro into virus-like particles (VLPs) in the presence of RNA. It was shown previously that a Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein missing only the protease domain forms spherical particles resembling immature virions lacking a membrane but that a similar protein missing the p10 domain forms tubular particles. Thus, p10 plays a role in spherical particle formation. To further study this shape-determining function, we dissected the p10 domain by mutagenesis and examined VLPs assembled within Escherichia coli or assembled in vitro from purified proteins. The results identified a minimal contiguous segment of 25 amino acid residues at the C terminus of p10 that is sufficient to restore efficient spherical assembly to a p10 deletion mutant. Random and site-directed mutations were introduced into this segment of polypeptide, and the shapes of particles formed in E. coli were examined in crude extracts by electron microscopy. Three phenotypes were observed: tubular morphology, spherical morphology, or no regular structure. While the particle morphology visualized in crude extracts generally was the same as that visualized for purified proteins, some tubular mutants scored as spherical when tested as purified proteins, suggesting that a cellular factor may also play a role in shape determination. We also examined the assembly properties of smaller Gag proteins consisting of the capsid protein-nucleocapsid protein (CA-NC) domains with short N-terminal extensions or deletions. Addition of one or three residues allowed CA-NC to form spheres instead of tubes in vitro, but the efficiency of assembly was extremely low. Deletion of the N-terminal residue(s) abrogated assembly. Taken together, these results imply that the N terminus of CA and the adjacent upstream 25 residues play an important role in the polymerization of the Gag protein.
Group Delay Measurements at Audio Frequencies

The paper discusses the measurement of group delay distortion at audio frequencies. Loop measurements and line measurements are discussed separately, and existing meters are reviewed. For both types of measurement, a stored-program approach using microprocessors is proposed, and laboratory models are described and evaluated. The use of microprocessors results in compact and inexpensive, yet accurate group delay meters.
The response of a uranium-plastic calorimeter to low GeV (⩽ 10 GeV) protons

Abstract The calculated response of a uranium-plastic calorimeter for incident 1–10 GeV protons is presented and compared to previously published data for a uranium-liquid argon calorimeter.