cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Germination requirements and seed banks of some nymphaeid macrophytes: Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. and Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze

SUMMARY. 1 Germination experiments demonstrated that the innate dormancy of the seeds of Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. and Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze could be overcome by a cold treatment. Light stimulated the germination of the three species. Hypoxic conditions stimulated the germination of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea seeds but the seeds of Nymphoides peltata did not germinate under these conditions. 2 Experimental seed banks of Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea and Nymphoides peltata were laid out in three water bodies, varying in pH and alkalinity. Germination patterns indicated that Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea produce transient seed banks, but that Nymphoides peliata produces a persistent seed bank. Sampling of natural seed banks and subsequent germination tests were in concordance with the results of the seed bank experiment. 3 The experimental above-ground seed banks of Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea and Nymphoides peltata showed similar germination patterns in the three selected water bodies, despite the differences in pH and alkalinity between them. However, the distribution of Nymphoides peliata is restricted to well-buffered waters, so that its absence from soft and acid water bodies must be due to post-germination mechanisms and/or processes. 4 In aquatic systems where Nymphoides peltata co-exists with the other nymphaeid species studied, it is largely restricted to a bell between the helophytes and the vegetation at deeper sites. The deeper sites were dominated by Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba. Germination requirements and seedling emergence from buried seeds of Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea and Nymphoides peliata play an important role in the establishment of the zonation pattern of these nymphaeid macrophytes.
Off-label use of medical devices in pediatric interventional cardiology: prerogative or necessity?

The history of medicine is characterized by innovation, through the application of the latest in biomedical science and technology to the bedside. In many ways, using approved medical devices for off-label indications exemplifies this spirit of innovation. Yet there are clear drawbacks to this practice, which include the safety to the patients themselves, the entrepreneurial nature of industry and educational support for clinicians. The issue of off-label use of devices is especially prescient among pediatric cardiac populations in which the majority of patients who undergo interventional catheterization procedures are treated with a device for an indication outside of its labeled uses. The scope of this practice has recently been documented and defined, helping to bring attention to the need for pediatric-specific devices. There remains a critical need to enhance cardiac device review and approval processes to include pediatric applications.
Late-Stage Immature Neocortical Neurons Reconstruct Interhemispheric Connections and Form Synaptic Contacts with Increased Efficiency in Adult Mouse Cortex Undergoing Targeted Neurodegeneration

In the neocortex, the effectiveness of potential cellular repopulation therapies for diseases involving neuronal loss may depend critically on whether newly incorporated cells can differentiate appropriately into precisely the right kind of neuron, re-establish precise long-distance connections, and reconstruct complex functional circuitry. Here, we test the hypothesis that increased efficiency of connectivity could be achieved if precursors could be more fully differentiated toward desired phenotypes. We compared embryonic neuroblasts and immature murine neurons subregionally dissected from either embryonic day 17 (E17) (Shin et al., 2000) or E19 primary somatosensory (S1) cortex and postnatal day 3 (P3) purified callosal projection neurons (CPNs) with regard to neurotransmitter and receptor phenotype and afferent synapse formation after transplantation into adult mouse S1 cortex undergoing targeted apoptotic degeneration of layer II/III and V CPNs. Two weeks after transplantation, neurons from all developmental stages were found dispersed within layers II/III and V, many with morphological features typical of large pyramidal neurons. Retrograde labeling with FluoroGold revealed that 42 +/- 2% of transplanted E19 immature S1 neurons formed connections with the contralateral S1 cortex by 12 weeks after transplantation, compared with 23 +/- 7% of E17 neurons. A greater percentage of E19-derived neurons received synapses (77 +/- 1%) compared with E17-derived neurons (67 +/- 2%). Similar percentages of both E17 and E19 donor-derived neurons expressed neurotransmitters and receptors [glutamate, aspartate, GABA, GABA receptor (GABA-R), NMDA-R, AMPA-R, and kainate-R] appropriate for endogenous adult CPNs progressively over a period of 2-12 weeks after transplantation. Although P3 fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified neurons also expressed these mature phenotypic markers after transplantation, their survival in vivo was poor. We conclude that later-stage and region-specific immature neurons develop a mature CPN phenotype and make appropriate connections with recipient circuitry with increased efficiency. However, at postnatal stages of development, limitations in survival outweigh this increased efficiency. These results suggest that efforts to direct the differentiation of earlier precursors precisely along specific desired neuronal lineages could potentially make possible the highly efficient reconstruction of complex neocortical and other CNS circuitry.
The Relationship Between Individual Police Officer Work Habits and the Stated Reasons Prosecutors Reject Their Domestic Violence Investigations

In the United States, 70% of all non-arrest domestic violence (DV) police investigations are rejected by prosecutors. Using DV investigation data, the routine work habits of two groups of police officers were compared across six measures. Cases submitted by routinely lower effort (RLE) officers are rejected 270% more often, sustaining an average of 4.00 criticisms each, compared to 2.21 for routinely greater effort (RGE) officers. RLE officers submit ambiguous investigations (58% v. 0%), and cases with insufficient evidence (74% vs. 36%). The Proficiency Score (P Score) quantitative monitoring method is presented and validated. This method identifies RLE officers, and also specific areas of deficient individual investigative practice in need of improvement. With improvement, rates of prosecution and conviction for DV crime should increase substantially.
Hybrid spaces and hyphenated musicians: secondary students' musical engagement in a songwriting and technology course

This case study investigates how secondary students (three individuals and three groups) engaged with music and acted as musicians in a Songwriting and Technology Class (STC), a course involving the creation, performance, recording and production of original music with instruments and music technology. The following research question guided the study: In what ways are students engaging with music in the STC? Findings suggest that students engaged as ‘hyphenated musician[s]’ by thinking and acting as songwriters, performers, sound engineers, recordists, mix engineers and producers in ways that were recursive and often overlapping. Students' engagement in these roles was particular to their individual and group contexts. Music education might broaden curricular offerings and reconceptualise classrooms as hybrid spaces to address the shared and idiosyncratic ways of knowing and doing music that students encountered through each role and holistically as hyphenated musicians.
Monte Carlo simulations of VEGF binding to cell surface receptors in vitro.

Abstract The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family binds multiple endothelial cell surface receptors. Our goal is to build comprehensive models of these interactions for the purpose of simulating angiogenesis. In view of low concentrations of growth factors in vivo and in vitro, stochastic modeling of molecular interactions may be necessary. Here, we compare Monte Carlo simulations of the stochastic binding of VEGF and two of its major receptors on cells in vitro to equivalent deterministic simulations. In the range of typical VEGF concentrations, the stochastic and deterministic models are in agreement. However, we observe significant variability in receptor binding, which may be linked to biological stochastic events, e.g., blood vessel sprout initiation. We study patches of cell surface of varying sizes to investigate spatial integration of the signal by the cell, which impacts directly the variability of binding, and find significant variability up to the single-cell level. Dimerization of VEGF receptors does not significantly alter the variability in ligand binding. A ‘sliding window’ approach demonstrated no reduction in the variability of binding by temporal integration. The variability is expected to be more prominent in in vivo situations where the number of ligand molecules available for binding is less.
Changes in Aspen Communities Over 30 Years in Gunnison County, Colorado

Abstract The canopy and understory vegetation of 19 aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands near Crested Butte, Colorado, were characterized in 1964 and were resampled in 1994 to assess the successional status of aspen communities. After 30 yr, aspen basal area was unchanged although the total number of trees decreased by 23%. There were 42% more aspen over 18 cm dbh. Understory species remained relatively unchanged; Thalictrum fendleri, Lathyrus leucanthus, Carex geyeri and Ligusticum porteri, the four most dominant species, as measured by cover, in 1964 were also abundant in 1994. Conifer basal area and the total number of trees remained constant over 30 yr, though the number of stands with conifers increased from six to 10. These results suggest that the aspen communities in the Crested Butte area are persistent, and while Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa may gradually replace some aspen stands, particularly on N-facing slopes, this replacement may take centuries.
A Technique for Preparing “Two in One” Cross-Sectional TEM Specimens

A modified “two-in-one” cross-sectional TEM sample preparation technique is described. By coating a thin layer of “marker” to distinguish one sample from the other, two samples could be simultaneously prepared in one TEM cross-sectional specimen. Therefore, the specimen preparation time is reduced by nearly one half. The coating can be done in an existing ion-mill. Criteria for choosing a suitable marker as well as tips on getting good quality specimens are described. An example of applying this technique to a processing-microstructure study of an ultra-shallow junction formation in silicon is demonstrated.
Using Ringers in Teaching Modern Algebra

(1987). Using Ringers in Teaching Modern Algebra. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 94, No. 8, pp. 773-775.
Maximum likelihood estimation of covariance matrices with constraints on the efficient frontier

This paper develops an improved covariance matrix estimator in the mean-variance optimisation setting. Well-known problems with the sample covariance matrix are that it is singular when the number of observations is less than the number of assets, and can be nearly singular when the number of observations exceeds the number of assets. Therefore, using the sample covariance matrix as an input in mean-variance optimisation can result in unreasonable optimal portfolios and badly biased estimates of Sharpe ratios. We address this problem by imposing structure on the estimated covariance matrix by putting constraints on the Sharpe ratio, asset return variances, and the variance of the global minimum variance portfolio. We show that the constrained maximum likelihood estimator (CMLE) performs better than the sample covariance matrix. Moreover, when the shrinkage approach is applied to the CMLE and single index covariance matrix, it performs better than the shrinkage estimator of Ledoit and Wolf (2004).
Computed tomography and the thyroglossal duct cyst.

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDC) classically present as midline neck masses in close relation to the hyoid bone; yet—not uncommonly—their locations may be varied from the midline and from the hyoid. By means of the diagnostic modality of computed tomography (CT), high-resolution images of several cases of alternate presentations and locations of the TDC are examined. Included are examples of TDC in the suprahyoid, transhyoid, infrahyoid, and lateral positions. The potential value of CT in the diagnosis of the unusual cyst will be demonstrated and discussed.
Experience with Implantation of the Small-Carrion Penile Implant for Organic Impotence

AbstractThe 13 patients described herein have had successful placement of a Small-Carrion penile prosthesis through a penile incision. Because of surgical control and possible decreased chance of infection this approach is advocated over the perineal incision except in cases of post-priapism impotence or simultaneous placement of a Kaufman anti-incontinence device.
Scaling Heat Transfer

This chapter presents methods for scaling heat transfer equipment using dimensional analysis. Scaling heat transfer equipment involves meeting the criteria for geometric, mechanical, and thermal similarity. It also requires an additional dimension, that is, temperature.
Nontransplant Treatment Options for Myelofibrosis: How to Treat Anemia, Splenomegaly, Constitutional Symptoms, and Extramedullary Disease

Current drug therapy in PMF is not curative and has not been shown to prolong survival. Allogenic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is potentially curative but also associated with relatively high risk of death and morbidity. Therefore, one must first determine if a particular patient needs any form of therapy and carefully select the treatment strategy with the best chance of inducing disease control without compromising life expectancy (Table 15.1 and Fig. 15.1). According to the DIPSS-plus prognostic model (Gangat et al. 2011), the respective median survival of low- or intermediate-1-risk patients exceeds 15 and 6 years and even longer for patients below age 65 years. Therefore, the risk of allo-SCT-associated mortality and morbidity is not justified in such patients. Similarly, there is no evidence to support the value of conventional drug therapy in asymptomatic patients with low- or intermediate-1-risk disease. Therefore, a “watch and wait” treatment strategy is reasonable and usually preferred in asymptomatic low- or intermediate-risk patients with MF. MF patients with high- or intermediate-2-risk disease are usually symptomatic and can be managed by conventional drug therapy, splenectomy, radiotherapy, allo-SCT, or experimental drug therapy (Fig. 15.1). The goal of therapy in using allo-SCT is cure or prolongation of life. The goal of therapy in nontransplant candidates is disease palliation.
Corrigendum to “A central limit theorem for quadruple-wise independent arrays of random variables” [Statist. Probab. Lett. 110 (2016) 58–61]

Abstract The goal of this note is to fix an error mentioned in the abstract of my paper “A central limit theorem for quadruple-wise independent arrays of random variables” published in Statistics and Probability Letters, Volume 110, March 2016, Pages 58–61, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2015.11.007 .
Stochastic processes: general definition

This short chapter introduces the main topic of this textbook, namely, stochastic processes. As was true for the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, stochastic processes are collections of random variables defined on the same probability space. These random variables, however, are not usually assumed to be independent. Instead, they are connected by some dependency relationships that can typically be expressed using conditional expectation or probability. In this chapter, we give the general definition of a stochastic process and define martingales and Markov chains along with a couple of examples.
Detection of cold stressed maize seedlings for high throughput phenotyping using hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral imaging can provide hundreds of images at different wave bands covering the visible and near infrared regions, which is superior to traditional spectral and RGB techniques. Minnesota produced a lot of maize every year, while the temperature in Minnesota can change abruptly during spring. This study was carried out to use hyperspectral imaging technique to identify maize seedlings with cold stress prior to having visible phenotypes. A total of 60 samples were scanned by the hyperspectral camera at the wave range of 395-885 nm. The spectral reflectance information was extracted from the corrected hyperspectral images. By spectral reflectance information, support vector machine (SVM) classification models were established to identify the cold stressed samples. Then, the wavelengths which could play significant roles for the detection were selected using two-wavelength combination method. The classifiers were built again using the selected wavelengths. From the results, it can be found the selected wavelengths can even perform better than full wave range. The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging has the potential to classify cold stress symptoms in maize seedlings and thus help in selecting the corn genome lines with cold stress resistance.
Mountain shadows revisited.

Using purely geometric considerations, a sequence of mountain shadow models is considered. The observer is located at the summit of idealized mountains with several different cross-sectional profiles. The result for a triangular profile is generalized to the case of an off-summit observer. We also examine the case of a conical mountain. In addition, a simple geometric model is formulated for mountain “spikes” in terms of the differences in shadow length and contrast for an off-summit observer within the shadow. The first appendix is devoted to the notion of “umbral volume” and the second to the geometry of sunlit areas on a conical mountain.
Prenatal influence in rickets: II. Early postnatal rickets and florid rickets with multiple fractures

Summary A review of literature on early postnatal rickets and rickets with multiple fractures, together with a survey of 400 cases of active rickets and the determination of the incidence of early rickets and of rickets with multiple fractures, permits an analysis of possible factors contributory to the development of these two forms of the disease. It is suggested that early postnatal rickets and florid rickets with multiple fractures may result from an insufficiency of stored skeletal calcium at the time of birth incident to nutritional and metabolic defects on the part of the maternal organism. A case of early infantile rickets with multiple fractures is reported.
TiS2–Polysulfide Hybrid Cathode with High Sulfur Loading and Low Electrolyte Consumption for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Sulfur cathodes have a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g–1, making the lithium–sulfur batteries a promising technology for future energy-storage devices. However, their commercial viability is faced with challenges arising from intrinsic electrochemical instabilities and inappropriate cell fabrication parameters. We report here the feasibility of employing TiS2 as a conductive polysulfide adsorbent, which allows the use of a high amount of electrochemically active polysulfides in building a TiS2–polysulfide hybrid cathode. The hybrid cathode exhibits long cycle stability at a C/5 rate over 200 cycles with a high areal capacity and energy density of, respectively, 10 mAh cm–2 and 20 mWh cm–2, exceeding those of commercial LiCoO2. Such an enhanced electrochemical performance is obtained in cells with a high sulfur content (65 wt %), high sulfur loading (12 mg cm–2), high sulfur mass (12 mg/cathode), and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of just 5 μL mg–1.
Influences of thermal and fluid characteristics of methane and hydrothermal seeps on the stable oxygen isotopes of living benthic foraminifera

Abstract The serendipitous discovery of methane seep fluids with elevated temperatures (3.6–5.2 °C), described as a “hydrothermal seepage” by Levin et al. (2012), has led to questions about the prevalence of this previously overlooked habitat. Stable oxygen isotopic analysis of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) attached to tubeworms near the hydrothermal seep described by Levin et al. (2012) reflect δ18O values consistent with elevated seepage temperatures. Temperature reconstructions, based on C. wuellerstorfi δ18O, from additional seeps in the Pacific (Mounds 11 & 12 offshore Costa Rica, and Hydrate Ridge) produced variability that is likely a result of influences of seep source, temperature and salinity. Larger ranges in δ18O (σ > 0.10) paired with traditional isotopic seep indicators, (e.g., δ13C; σ > 0.15), have the potential to geochemically discern whether foraminifera were calcifying in areas of active methane seepage or nearby surrounding off-seep environments. Elevated temperatures derived from foraminiferal reconstructions at Jaco Scar indicate that it is possible to use foraminiferal δ18O to identify the presence and extent of these recently discovered environments. Seep fluids with elevated temperatures may be common seafloor features, and benthic foraminiferal δ18O may be an effective means to detect and determine the spatial and temporal extent and possible origin of hydrothermal seepage.
Functional Genomics via CRISPR–Cas

RNA-guided CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-associated Cas proteins have recently emerged as versatile tools to investigate and engineer the genome. The programmability of CRISPR-Cas has proven especially useful for probing genomic function in high-throughput. Facile single-guide RNA library synthesis allows CRISPR-Cas screening to rapidly investigate the functional consequences of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic perturbations. Furthermore, by combining CRISPR-Cas perturbations with downstream single-cell analyses (flow cytometry, expression profiling, etc.), forward screens can generate robust data sets linking genotypes to complex cellular phenotypes. In the following review, we highlight recent advances in CRISPR-Cas genomic screening while outlining protocols and pitfalls associated with screen implementation. Finally, we describe current challenges limiting the utility of CRISPR-Cas screening as well as future research needed to resolve these impediments. As CRISPR-Cas technologies develop, so too will their clinical applications. Looking ahead, patient centric functional screening in primary cells will likely play a greater role in disease management and therapeutic development.
Testing airway management skills: interactive video courseware vs ACLS instructor.

UNLABELLED Lectures and demonstrations have been the teaching and testing strategies most often employed by the American Heart Association in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) training. I compared the abilities of interactive videodisc (IVD) courseware and ACLS instructors to evaluate airway management skills. METHODS & MATERIALS Twenty-two subjects were simultaneously tested during 30 attempts at endotracheal (ET) intubation and 34 attempts at esophageal obturator airway or esophageal gastric tube airway (EOA/EGTA) insertion. The instructors were blind to the visual and auditory messages produced. RESULTS The IVD program and the ACLS instructors showed high agreement in their evaluation of student performance for time of intubation (95.5% ET; 100% EOA/EGTA), proper tube placement (91% ET; 93% EOA/EGTA), appropriate tube assessment (95.5% ET; 100% EOA/EGTA), and correct EOA/EGTA cuff inflation (100%). Lower levels of agreement were noted with ET and EOA/EGTA appropriate head positioning, and the evaluation of tooth pressure with ET intubation (60.5%, 76.5%, and 66.0%, respectively). The IVD system was unable to detect certain procedural errors associated with appropriate intubation procedure--syringe attachment, syringe removal after cuff inflation, and control of tube after intubation. The low agreement for tooth pressure suggests that the sensor-equipped manikin may better evaluate tooth pressure than does the observer. CONCLUSIONS Although the IVD system shows promise as an adjunct method for instruction and testing, it cannot be considered suitable for 'stand-alone' instruction. Further research is needed to explore costs, skills retention, and possible impact of the medium for training hospital and prehospital-care personnel.
X-Bar Semantics

I take the subject matter of semantic theory to be (1) the form of the mentally encoded information that we call “concepts,” and (2) the principles used in (a) performing inferences on the basis of this information and (b) relating this information to other forms of information used by the human mind, including not only linguistic representations but also visual information (a la Marr, 1982) and other sensory and cognitive faculties. A semantic theory must therefore include at least three formal components:
Practical Aspects of Shampoo and Conditioner Testing

This chapter attempts to familiarize the reader with the science of hair and hair care, while outlining approaches and techniques for evaluating both consumer and technical aspects of performance. The development of hair care products is strongly marketing driven, and consequently the language of the industry is that of the consumer. As such, despite the identification of now commonplace attributes, which are prominently displayed in packaging and advertising, there are often complex or muddled relationships back to the science. Here, an attempt has been made to present current thinking in these areas; while highlighting how a successful product is the combination of strong technical performance, good aesthetics, and a compelling marketing message.
The impulse to orthodoxy: why illiberal democracies treat religious pluralism as a threat

Why do illiberal regimes restrict the activities of marginal and benign religious groups? Since the late 1990s, increasingly illiberal governments across the post-Soviet space have redefined freedo...
Multi-Antenna FSR Receivers: Low Complexity, Non-Coherent, Massive Antenna Receivers

Many 5G applications require low complexity transceivers that can exploit the benefits of massive antenna arrays while still maintaining low hardware, energy and computation costs. As a solution, this paper proposes a novel multi- antenna frequency shift reference (MA-FSR) receiver that uses only one down-conversion chain, supports single spatial-stream wide-band transmission with non-coherent demodulation, and can perform receive beamforming without requiring phase-shifters, explicit channel estimation, or complicated signal processing. In MA-FSR a reference tone is transmitted along with the data. At each receive antenna, the received signal for the data is correlated with the received signal for the reference, via a squaring operation, thereby compensating for the inter-antenna phase shift. The resulting signals are then summed and fed to a single down-conversion chain. In this paper, performance of the MA-FSR receiver is studied analytically and a near-optimal power allocation policy for the reference and data signals is proposed. Simulations suggest that the signal-to-noise ratio for MA-FSR is around 9 dB lower than that of coherent analog beamforming, although the bandwidth efficiency is also reduced to 50%. Several extensions to MA-FSR that can achieve better performance, though with a higher hardware cost, are also discussed.
Novel Utilization of Biofertilizers in Crop and Soil Improvement

The study was carried out to investigate the yield and soil quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and moong (Vigna radiate L.) crop. In order to obtain high precision in the results of the present investigation, the research trials were conducted for two consecutive years 2008-09 and 2009-10 under field conditions at Artoni (Agra) site. The experiment was laid out in RBD with five microbes (Azospirillum, Azotobactor, PSB, Azolla and Rhizobium) and four levels (120 and 60 kg N for wheat and 25 and 10 kg N for moong crop) of nitrogen. The results of this experiment proved that T2 treatment (Azospirillum +60 kg N ha-1) showed the best outcome during both the years for wheat crop and in moong crop. The growth and yield parameters i.e. plant height, no. of branches plant-1 no. of pods plant-1, pod length and grain yield were observed and treatment T7 (Rhizobium +10 kg N ha-1) was found to be better combination than others. The soil in respect to its physico-chemical properties showed an improvement due to the use of biofertilizers when compared to control and farmers practice.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients Eligible for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: Prognostic Impact and Clinical Implications

Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TMVr) has been increasingly used in the treatment of patients with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation who are at high or prohibitive risk for surgical intervention. Pre-existing pulmonary hypertension is known to pertain worse prognosis for patients who are undergoing surgical intervention. The aim of this review is to discuss the current literature on the effects of pulmonary hypertension on the transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair outcomes. Large registry data in patients undergoing TMVr for treatment of severe mitral regurgitation reveal a significant negative impact of baseline pulmonary hypertension on post-procedural outcomes. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased mortality and heart failure readmissions in patients undergoing TMVr using MitraClip. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether earlier intervention will improve clinical outcomes.
Sentiment Analysis Using Naive Bayes Algorithm Of The Data Crawler: Twitter

Sentiment analysis is an activity carried out to see the level of public sentiment or public opinion relating to goods or services and even a figure, both political and celebrity figures. In this study, a sentiment analysis application for twitter analysis was conducted on 2019 Republic of Indonesia presidential candidates, using the python programming language. There are several steps taken to conduct this sentiment analysis, which is to collect data using libraries in python, text processing, testing training data, and text classification using the Naive Bayes method. The Naive Bayes method is used to help classify classes or the level of sentiments of society. The results of this study found that the value of the positive sentiment polarity of the Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin pair was 45.45% and a negative value of 54.55%, while the Prabowo-Sandiaga pair received a positive sentiment score of 44.32% and negative 55.68%. Then the combined data was tested from the training data used for each presidential candidate and get an accuracy of 80.90% ≈ 80.1%. In this study a comparison was carried out using the naive bayes, svm and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) methods which were tested using RapidMiner by producing a naive bayes accuracy value of 75.58%, svm accuracy value of 63.99% and K-NN accuracy value of 73.34%.
Winkel: Konforme Geometrie

Mit Hilfe von Abstanden lassen sich auch Winkel messen; zum Beispiel ist ein Dreieck mit Seitenlangen 3, 4, 5 rechtwinklig (?!), was schon die alten Agypter nutzten, um rechte Winkel zu konstruieren. Umgekehrt kann man aber allein aus Winkeln noch keine Entfernungen bestimmen. Die Geometrie, die allein den Winkel als Grundbegriff hat, die Konforme Geometrie, ist viel weniger bekannt als die Metrische; ihre Isomorphismen sind die konformen (Winkel-erhaltenden) Abbildungen. Eine grose Uberraschung ist der Satz von Liouville: In Dimension 2 gibt es eine Unzahl konformer Abbildungen, namlich alle holomorphen und antiholomorphen Funktionen. Aber in Dimension 3 (und hoher) erhalten konforme Abbildungen automatisch die Familie der Spharen und Ebenen und konnen damit leicht vollstandig bestimmt werden. Um dies einzusehen, benutzen wir die Differentialgeometrie aus dem voranstehenden Kapitel. Wir konnen den konformen Raum dann auch als den Raum der Spharen und Ebenen ansehen; dieser hat eine eigene metrische Struktur, die mit der raumzeitlichen Geometrie der Speziellen Relativitatstheorie verwandt ist.
SiC Power Module Design for High Bandwidth Integrated Current Sensing using a Magnetoresistive Point Field Detector

Past work has demonstrated that Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) point field detector (PFD)-based current sensors can be integrated into silicon power modules to achieve compact and galvanically-isolated current sensing. This paper presents a design methodology for SiC power modules to enable GMR PFD-based integrated current sensing with high bandwidth that is appropriate for wide-bandgap (WBG) applications. The latest power module interconnect technologies including ribbon and leadframe interconnects can be configured using magnetic field shaping techniques to achieve high bandwidth during current conduction. A holistic design approach to the interconnects, terminals as well as the baseplate is developed to reduce the skin and proximity effects in the confined environment of a SiC power module. This reduction of eddy currents helps to shape the magnetic fields for AC current sensing up to tens of kilohertz. A power module design is experimentally tested that demonstrates high-bandwidth current sensing using an integrated GMR PFD.
Who Commits Genocide

This chapter explores the question of who commits genocide. It may not seem obvious that the “state” in many cases is committing the act. To understand this concept, it is presented by showing that the “state” does not exist by itself, it is a collection of individuals. When their work turns to crime or genocide, the state is responsible for the action.
Ultrasound Guided Nerve Blocks for Abdomen

Regional anesthesia is a multimodal, interdisciplinary approach that can be applied to various abdominal surgeries. Abdominal wall blocks, such as the Quadratus lumborum block, provide excellent somatic and visceral analgesia. Ultrasound guidance is now considered a gold standard for abdominal wall blocks and overall increases the efficiency of performing the blocks, as well as decreasing side effects when compared to landmark-based techniques. These blocks provide the anesthesiologist with a choice other than neuraxial anesthesia for the control of acute pain, which leads to avoiding potential complications associated with general anesthesia, a reduction in patient systemic opioid requirements, and decreased opioid-associated side effects. In this manuscript we will discuss information regarding abdomen blocks, advantages, disadvantages, recent advances in techniques, anatomy, indications, and complications for each block.
The Oligotrophication of Narragansett Bay

Abstract Human activities alter coastal ecosystems in a variety of ways. In Narragansett Bay, a temperate estuary on the East Coast of the United States, we have observed dramatic changes in sediment nitrogen cycling. Different lines of evidence suggest these changes are ultimately linked to climate change. Specifically, warming water temperatures have altered water column mixing, phytoplankton species composition and abundance, and likely zooplankton grazing rates. In turn, less organic matter reaches the benthos, altering nitrogen cycling pathways and the magnitude of these processes. The observed changes were unexpected, and were observable only because of long-term data collection.
Lifestyle medicine prescriptions for personal and planetary health

Abstract The impact of climate change goes farther than temperature rise and environmental disruptions into the realm personal and community health. Weather disruption, biodiversity loss and the degredation of ecosystems threaten the very foundation of health and wellbeing, with the risk for suffering amplified among those with chronic conditions, a large and growing subset of the global population. Here we focus on how Lifestyle Medicine (LM) interventions can help individuals and communities mitigate and adapt to the health risks of climate change. We will also share how the pillars of LM, as defined by the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM), can be deployed to deliver these interventions in the healthcare and community settings as a prescription for a greener, healthier world. We will end with how these interventions align with the strategic initiatives of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine.
Motivating Patient Adherence to Allergic Rhinitis Treatments

Patient nonadherence significantly burdens the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Fewer than half of prescribed doses of intranasal corticosteroid medication are taken. The challenges for immunotherapies are even greater. While sustained treatment for 3 to 5 years is required for full benefit, most patients receiving immunotherapy, either subcutaneous or sublingual, stop treatment within the first year. Although research into interventions to improve AR adherence is lacking, lessons learned from adherence interventions in other chronic health conditions can be applied to AR. Two well-established, overriding models of care-the chronic care model and patient-centered care-can improve adherence. The patient-centered care model includes important lessons for allergy providers in their daily practice, including understanding and targeting modifiable barriers to adherence. Additionally, recent studies have begun to leverage health information and communication technologies to reach out to patients and promote adherence, extending patient-centered interventions initiated by providers during office visits.
BISON: providing business information analysis as a service

We present the architecture of a Business Information Analysis provisioning system, BISON. The service provisioning system combines two prominent domains, namely structured/unstructured data analysis and service-oriented computing. We also discuss open research problems in the area.
Incidence of leukemia and other tumors in thymectomized irradiated mice bearing thymic transplants.

The effect of transplants of thymic tissue from newborn mice on the incidence of radiation-induced leukemia was investigated in strain C57BL mice. Thymertomized irradiated mice were given either an intrasplenic or a subcutaneous transplant of neonatal thymic tissue or were subjected to a sham intrasplenic transplantation. In mice bearing an intrasplenic transplant of thymic tissue and those given a sham intrasplenic transplant, there was essentially the same incidence of leukemia (10.5 and 8.7%, respectively). In mice bearing subcutaneous transplants of thymic tissue, there was a higher incidence of leukemia (31.6%) though not as high as the irradiated, nonthymectomized control animals (63.6%). The thymic implants were identified in the spleens of 34% of the animals ex~ined during the 14-month observation period after transplantation. Histologic study of early and late implants showed normal growth and development of the thymic tissue in the spleens of irradiated mice. An apparent increase in the incidence of epithelial tumors in thymectomized x-irradiated mice is discussed briefly. (auth)
Local time dependences of oxygen ENA periodicities at Saturn

The periodicities of energetic neutral atoms (90–170 keV oxygens) at Saturn are determined by applying Lomb-Scargle periodogram analyses to energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes observed in eight local time sectors of the equatorial plane between 5 and 15 RS (1 RS = 60,268 km). The analyses come from four long intervals (>180 days each) of high-latitude viewing from 2007 to 2013 and represent an essentially global view of Saturn's periodicities. The periodograms display rich and complex structures in local time. Sectors near midnight generally exhibit the strongest periodicities (in terms of highest signal-to-noise ratios) and often show the dual or single periods of the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR). Sectors near noon display single or multiple periodicities or none. Furthermore, dayside periods may be much shorter (~10.3 h) than SKR periods. Sectors near dawn or dusk display periodicities intermediate between midnight and noon or may show no periodicities whatsoever. These patterns of local time dependence do not remain constant from interval to interval.
Cognitive Processes and Societal Risk Taking

Our world is so constructed that the physical and material benefits we most desire are sprinkled with the seeds of disaster. For example, the search for fertile fields often leads us to floodplains, while our attempt to make less fertile fields productive forces us to rely, at some risk, on fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides. The wonder drugs that maintain our health carry side effects proportional to their potency, and the benefits of energy are enjoyed at the risk of damage from a host of pollutants. People today have some control over the level of risk they face, but reduction of risk often entails reduction of benefit as well.
High power argon laser treatment via standard endoscopes. I. A preliminary study of efficacy in control of experimental erosive bleeding.

With minimal transmission loss a high power argon laser (10 w) was coupled to a waveguide consisting of a flexible, single, coated, quartz fiber encased in a protective polyethylene tube. This waveguide can be passed down the biopsy channel of any standard fiberoptic endoscope. An aiming light improves accuracy. Safety devices were developed to protect the subject and the operator. Each of 8 heparinized mongrel dogs had three superficial erosions created endoscopically in the fundal gland mucosa by a jet of warm 0.1 N HCl. In each animal two lesions were photocoagulated with the laser and the third was left as a control. The animals were killed at 0,4,7, 10, and 14 days, and the erosions were examined histologically. By 14 days all lesions were covered by normal surface epithelium. Parietal and chief cells had returned to untreated erosions at 14 days but not to all lasered lesions. Only rarely did the lasered lesions penetrate through the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa. High power argon laser photocoagulation is now feasible through standard endoscopes. These data are sufficiently promising to encourage further evaluation of laser photocoagulation in a variety of animal models.
Smartdiscretes, new products for automotive applications

Device structures and characteristics for three Smartdiscretes which have automotive applications are presented. Smartdiscretes are discrete power devices which incorporate a few small signal devices on a chip without added process complexity. The first is a power MOSFET with very low on-resistance and an integral temperature sensor. The second is an ignition coil driver with a temperature-compensated clamp. The third is a device with a built-in current limit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, and a temperature-compensated clamp that is suitable for driving small inductive loads such as injector drivers. >
A new class of steady solutions of the barotropic vorticity equation

Abstract Early studies of the wind-driven ocean problem were concerned with finding steady solutions of the equations of motion, first by analytic, and later by numerical methods. The problem is characterized by an Ekman number (ϵ) and a Rossby number (α). Prior to this study, steady solutions were confined to the ranges α, ϵ In this work the problem is considered in a circular domain with lateral friction and a partial-slip boundary condition. Steady solutions are found analytically in the new regime α > 1. Furthermore, for large enough values of ϵ, steady solutions are determined numerically in the intermediate range between this high-α regime and the classical low-α regime. That is, for some values of ϵ, steady solutions can be found through all values of α. Numerical evidence suggests that below a critical value of ϵ, steady solutions in this intermediate range exist, but cease to be stable. Similar results have been obtained with bottom friction and with different boundary conditions.
Dosimetry of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate in spermatozoan DNA fromDrosophila melanogaster

Summary A method for determining the chemical dose of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster sperm cells has been developed. Males fed as larvae on media containing [ Me - 3 H]thymidine were fed0.025 M , 0.0125 M and 0.008 M concentrationd of [I- 14 C]ethyl methanesulfonate ([ 14 ]EMS) as adults. Our feeding procedures and concentrations were chosen so as to duplicate as nearly as possible the treatments other workers have used. The amount of 3 H per sperm cell was determined by microscopically counting sperm cells, washing them with cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) onto a MIllipore filter, and counting radioactivity with a liquid scintillation spectrometer. 14 C and 3 H counts were determined for oligodeoxynucleotides released from labeled sperm DNA by electrophoretically purified deoxyribonuclease. From these two counts, the specific activity of [ 14 C]EMS and the amount of 3 H per cell, the number of ethylations per sperm cell DNA was found to range from 1.10 7 to 3.10 8 . Estimates for the number of nucleotides per sperm cell DNA of Drosophila are found from the literature to range from 1.6· 10 8 to 4.5 · 10 8 . It has, therefore, been concluded that the concentrations of [ 14 C]EMS used in these experiments were able to ethylate between 3% and 100% of the nucleotides in the sperm cell DNA of Drosophila, assuming one ethylation per nucleotide. The results of our chemical dosimetry experiments are also discussed in relation to comparative mutagenesis studies with other genetically well studied organisms, such as the mouse. On the basis of the extensive DNA ethylation found in Drosophila sperm combined with previously published reports on sex-linked recessive lethal frequencies and production of mosaics following EMS treatment of Drosophila, it is hypothesized that ethylation of a rare site or combination of sites in the sperm DNA is responsible for the mutagenic action of EMS. Previous models models suggesting the production of mutations by incorrect base pairing of 7-ethylguanine following treatment by EMS cannot explain mutagenesis in Drosophila.
Proliferation of NICUs and Neonatologists, 1980-1995 1328

Objectives: Increasing survival of very premature infants, continued training of neonatologists, competition and managed care all may have fueled the growth of NICUs. We assessed 1) how much growth, 2) where did it result in small NICUs (<20 beds).
On reducing the statespace of hidden Markov models for the identity by descent process.

Important methods for calculating likelihoods of genealogical relationships and mapping genes are based on hidden Markov models for the process of identity by descent along chromosomes. The computational time for the algorithms depends critically on the size of the statespace of the hidden Markov model. We describe the maximal grouping together of states of the model to reduce the size of the statespace. This grouping is based on pedigree symmetries. We also present an efficient algorithm for finding the maximal grouping.
Perioperative blood loss: the effect of valproate

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of the use of valproate (VPA) on bleeding and requirement for replacement blood products in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. One hundred thirty-nine patients had posterior spinal fusion performed by 1 of 3 surgeons at our institution from 1987 to 1993. The clinical status of the patient, pre- and postoperative laboratory values, type and extent of instrumentation, surgeon performing the procedure, and medications (including VPA) were variables considered. The outcome measures were intra- and postoperative blood loss and number of blood products used. Intraoperative blood loss was correlated with the method of instrumentation, platelet count, and the surgeon performing the procedure. Postoperative blood loss was correlated with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. By hierarchical stepwise regression analysis, the only outcome measure correlated with VPA was the number of blood products used.