cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender-Specific Models of Work-Bound Korean Adolescents’ Social Supports and Career Adaptability on Subsequent Job Satisfaction:

A Korean national database, the High School Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, was used to examine the influence of perceived social supports (family and school) and career adaptability on the subsequent job satisfaction of work-bound adolescents 4 months after their transition from high school to work. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that social supports indirectly influenced job satisfaction by enhancing career adaptability. Perceived school support and family support were found to be highly correlated with each other, indicating individuals are cognitively consistent in their perceptions of environmental supports. Gender differences existed on all chosen variables (except for career planning), with women reporting greater levels than men. A significant gender difference was also found in the relationship between career adaptability and job satisfaction. Men were more influenced by career adaptability in experiencing job satisfaction than women. Interpretations of these findings were...
Time-resolved Spectroscopy of Plasma Flash from Hypervelocity Impact on Debrisat

Abstract Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements were made on the intense plasma flash that accompanied a hypervelocity impact on “DebriSat” conducted in April 2014 at the Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC) in Tennessee. The DebriSat project was a unique hypervelocity event aimed at simulating an on-orbit destructive collision of a modern satellite with a hypervelocity projectile in a single strike. Collaborators on the project included NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), US Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), The Aerospace Corporation, The University of Florida, and AEDC. The primary hypervelocity test object, DebriSat, was a 56 kg structure representative of a modern LEO spacecraft, assembled at University of Florida following design guidance provided by Aerospace's Concept Design Center. It comprised a hexagonal body with an arrangement of seven compartmentalized bays. The main panels and the structural ribs between the bays were constructed from Al 5052 honeycomb and carbon fiber composite face sheets. Each bay had a set of structures with components intended to represent those used in a modern satellite design. The AEDC projectile was a 570 g nylon-aluminum cylinder travelling at 6.8 km/s. An analysis of the first several frames of the DebriSat flash shows that the rate of radial expansion of the plume decreased from 4750 m/s at t = 0 to 2250 m/s at t = 156 μs. Time-resolved spectral measurements were conducted on the plasma flash with multiple frames acquired with a 10 μs gating interval. Numerous emission lines were observed and were consistent with the materials of structural components located in the specific bay of DebriSat that was impacted. A background was observed in all the spectral frames and could be fitted to a blackbody temperature of ∼ 2900 K. A detailed description of the plasma flash and its spectroscopic investigation is presented.
Deletion of ASK1 Protects against Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a member of the MAPK kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, is activated by various stimuli, which include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium influx, DNA damage-inducing agents and receptor-mediated signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR). Inspiration of a high concentration of oxygen is a palliative therapy which counteracts hypoxemia caused by acute lung injury (ALI)-induced pulmonary edema. However, animal experiments so far have shown that hyperoxia itself could exacerbate ALI through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our previous data indicates that ASK1 plays a pivotal role in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI). However, it is unclear whether or not deletion of ASK1 in vivo protects against HALI. In this study, we investigated whether ASK1 deletion would lead to attenuation of HALI. Our results show that ASK1 deletion in vivo significantly suppresses hyperoxia-induced elevation of inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1β and TNF-α), cell apoptosis in the lung, and recruitment of immune cells. In summary, the results from the study suggest that deletion of ASK1 in mice significantly inhibits hyperoxic lung injury.
Skin manifestations of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors

The skin signs of benign and malignant endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors are manifold and early identification of these dermatologic features is crucial in initiating timely diagnosis and management. This article reviews the salient cutaneous features of these tumors that arise in the classic endocrine glands, lung and gastrointestinal tract either as individual neoplasms or as part of a syndrome.
Mechanistic Pathways of Mindfulness Meditation in Combat Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of two common components of meditation (mindfulness and slow breathing) on potential mechanistic pathways. Methods A total of 102 combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomized to (a) the body scan mindfulness meditation (MM), (b) slow breathing (SB) with a biofeedback device, (c) mindful awareness of the breath with an intention to slow the breath (MM+SB), or (d) sitting quietly (SQ). Participants had 6 weekly one-on-one sessions with 20 minutes of daily home practice. The mechanistic pathways and measures were as follows: (a) autonomic nervous system (hyperarousal symptoms, heart rate [HR], and heart rate variability [HRV]); (b) frontal cortex activity (attentional network task [ANT] conflict effect and event-related negativity and intrusive thoughts); and (c) hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (awakening cortisol). PTSD measures were also evaluated. Results Meditation participants had significant but modest within-group improvement in PTSD and related symptoms, although there were no effects between groups. Perceived impression of PTSD symptom improvement was greater in the meditation arms compared with controls. Resting respiration decreased in the meditation arms compared with SQ. For the mechanistic pathways, (a) subjective hyperarousal symptoms improved within-group (but not between groups) for MM, MM+SB, and SQ, while HR and HRV did not; (b) intrusive thoughts decreased in MM compared with MM+SB and SB, while the ANT measures did not change; and (c) MM had lower awakening cortisol within-group (but not between groups). Conclusion Treatment effects were mostly specific to self-report rather than physiological measures. Continued research is needed to further evaluate mindfulness meditation's mechanism in people with PTSD.
Pliocene Crab-sea Star Association From Southwest Florida

ABSTRACT Specimens of a porcellanid crab, Petrolisthes myakkensis, new species, occur with abundant asteroids, Heliaster microbrachius Xantus, in the late Pliocene Pinecrest Beds of the Tamiami Formation near El Jobean, Charlotte County, Florida. The crab-asteroid association is preserved in calcareous quartz sandstone with minor amounts of shell hash. The fauna is dominated by the asteroids and crabs, but barnacles are also present. Preservation as whole, articulated, fragile, hollow specimens preserved with articulated sea stars attests to the lack of transport of the crabs. Occurrence of these crabs in close association with the sea stars, the commensal habits of other porcellanid crabs, and the commensal relationships of crabs with echinoderms lead to the conclusion that Petrolisthes myakkensis and Heliaster microbrachius were commensals.
ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY AND SCIENCE EDUCATION

Argonne National Laboratory is one of the Department of Energy’s laboratories for science and engineering research. Research focused on Energy, Environmental Systems, and National Security. Argonne also has one of the premier science education programs directed towards middle-school, high school and undergraduate through postdoctoral students. We will present an overview of the research and a detailed discussion focused on science education.
Network Curriculum Construction Based on WebCT

With the rapid development of computer technology and the change of education idea,network curriculums have been used generally to supply and improve traditional modes of education in universities.And take the VB programming network curriculum as the example,the necessity of network curriculum based on WebCT,the development process,the effective are elaborated in detail.
Present situation of occupational health in medium and small-sized enterprises in China

The medium and small-sized enterprises accounted for over 90% of all enterprises in China.The employees in medium and small-sized enterprises accounted for 81.88% of all employees,and 65% of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors engaged in medium and small-sized enterprises.However,the medium and small-sized enterprises are often short of law consciousness,pay more attention to economic benefit and ignore occupational disease prevention,which the investment in occupational health protection is insufficient.Due to lower cultural level,lack of law consciousness and poor self protection awareness of workers in medium and small-sized enterprises,the occupational harm are mainly found in medium and small-sized enterprises.The coverage rate of occupational health service is only 20% in China,and the services are mainly allocated in large industrial enterprises,the medium and small-sized enterprises are difficult to get the basic occupational health service.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of occupational health,fulfil the responsibility of enterprises,increase the coverage rate of occupational health service,enhance the occupational health promotion,improve the occupational health consciousness of employees,and ensure the occupational safety of labors,to achieve the strategic target of 〝everybody enjoys the occupational health services by 2014〞.
Including a web/database unit in CS0

In this tutorial the participants will learn how to use ASP.NET to develop web pages that access data stored in database. This material will be presented in terms of four laboratory experiences that could be used in an introductory general education computer science course.
Periodicals and Middle-Class Dissent: Anna Letitia Barbauld and Elizabeth Moody at the Monthly Review

The preceding chapter demonstrates the professionalism of both Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Hays and situates them in a lively and supportive community that encouraged their intellectual development and offered them opportunities to turn writing into a source of much needed financial support. Anna Letitia Barbauld too seems to have felt the pinched circumstances that plagued the English middle classes, especially during the inflationary war years of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Although by this time women frequently turned to writing to supplement their incomes, criticism for a well known literary review remained by and large the province of men. Barbauld enjoyed an early ascent to literary fame, but like Wollstonecraft, she worked for a time as an educator before turning to writing for her income. And for Barbauld, too, literary criticism proved crucial. For Wollstonecraft, however, criticism became not merely a reliable source of financial support. Rather, it brought her into the literary marketplace in ways unprecedented for a woman. Similarly, while the earnings criticism offered were surely most welcome, Barbauld too found more than just income in writing criticism.
Festivity, Play, Well-Being … Historical and Rhetorical Relationships: Implications for Communities

This chapter introduces to community development event organizers and planners, through a lens of organic festivity, the knowledge that creating optimal festival attendee experiences is an important factor in generating higher levels of well-being and social capital. Organic Festivity Theory was discovered with participant observation and socially constructed grounded theory method research undertaken to progress a contextual understanding of attendee behavior at community festivals. Substantive theory emerged from the study to reveal participant behavior shifting from passive spectatorship to more emotional, physical, creative and collaborative activities conjointly affected bonding and bridging social capital. Subsequent investigation into the historical and rhetorical relationships of festivity, play, and well-being was conducted to further validate this hypothesis. This inquiry revealed the social-psychological underpinnings of happiness, liminal experience, and peak experience provided substance to this phenomenon. Paralleling Csikszentmihalyi’s Flow Theory that peak experience is achieved when participants balance perceived challenge and skill constructs during competitive and performance activities, neoteric constructs of “primordial behavior” and “sensual infused crowd behavior” were correspondingly conceived of as the elements that lead to optimal experiences for attendees at community festivals. The implication for community development event organizers and planners is that they must move past the mercantile and spectator amusements of community festival since sustainability and prosperity in today’s experience economy are dependent on the peak liminal experiences wanted, sought out, and demanded by participants. Tangible economic and marketing aspects of community festivals should be united with intangible benefits of increased social capital bonding between friends, family and unacquainted peers, social capital bridging between strangers, and the social capital bridging generic senses of well-being, playfulness, and "communitas" created by organic festivity.
United States adolescents' television, computer, videogame, smartphone, and tablet use: associations with sugary drinks, sleep, physical activity, and obesity.

Objective To quantify the relationships between youth use of television (TV) and other screen devices, including smartphones and tablets, and obesity risk factors. Study design TV and other screen device use, including smartphones, tablets, computers, and/or videogames, was self-reported by a nationally representative, cross-sectional sample of 24 800 US high school students (2013-2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys). Students also reported on health behaviors including sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight and height. Sex-stratified logistic regression models, adjusting for the sampling design, estimated associations between TV and other screen device use and SSB intake, physical activity, sleep, and obesity. Results Approximately 20% of participants used other screen devices for ≥5 hours daily. Watching TV ≥5 hours daily was associated with daily SSB consumption (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.23, 3.32) and obesity (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.27). Using other screen devices ≥5 hours daily was associated with daily SSB consumption (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.69, 2.32), inadequate physical activity (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.69, 2.25), and inadequate sleep (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.08). Conclusions Using smartphones, tablets, computers, and videogames is associated with several obesity risk factors. Although further study is needed, families should be encouraged to limit both TV viewing and newer screen devices.
Adoption Decision Making among Women Seeking Abortion

Abstract Background Little is known about how adoption factors into pregnancy decision making, particularly when abortion is unavailable. Methods We used data from the Turnaway Study, a longitudinal study of 956 women seeking abortion, including 231 women denied abortions owing to gestational limits. Through semiannual quantitative interviews, we assessed the frequency with which women denied abortion consider and choose adoption, and, among adoption participants, decision satisfaction. We compared differences in the demographic profiles of parenting and adoption participants using mixed effects regression models. We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 women who received or were denied wanted abortions, including 2 adoption participants, focused on understanding pregnancy decision making and feelings about their choice. Interviews were coded using inductive and deductive methods. Results Most women who received abortions were aware of but uninterested in adoption. A minority of women denied abortions ( n = 231; 14%) were considering adoption at 1 week after denial. Of participants who gave birth ( n = 161), most (91%) chose parenting. Parenting participants ( n = 146) did not differ from adoption participants ( n = 15) on measures of age, race, or poverty status, although adoption participants were somewhat less likely to be employed (20% vs. 43%; p = .1), and somewhat more likely to have completed high school (87% vs. 74%; p = .08). Although satisfaction with their decision was high among adoption participants, in-depth interviews revealed mixed emotions. Conclusions Among women motivated to avoid parenthood, as evidenced by abortion seeking, adoption is considered or chosen infrequently. Political promotion of adoption as an alternative to abortion is likely not grounded in the reality of women's decision making.
Shear Lag Sutures: Improved Suture Repair Through the Use of Adhesives

Conventional surgical suture is mechanically limited by the ability of the suture to transfer load to tissue at suture anchor points. Sutures coated with adhesives can improve mechanical load transfer beyond the range of performance of existing suture methods, thereby strengthening orthopaedic repairs and decreasing the risk of failure. The mechanical properties of suitable adhesives were identified using a shear lag model. Examination of the design space for an optimal adhesive demonstrated requirements for strong adhesion and low stiffness to maximize strength. As a proof of concept, cyanoacrylate-coated sutures were used to perform a clinically relevant flexor digitorum profundus tendon repair in cadaver tissue. Even with this non-ideal adhesive, the maximum load resisted by repaired cadaveric canine flexor tendon increased by ∼ 17.0% compared to standard repairs without adhesive. To rapidly assess adhesive binding to tendon, we additionally developed a lap shear test method using bovine deep digital flexor tendons as the adherends. Further study is needed to develop a strongly adherent, compliant adhesive within the optimal design space described by the model.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Positive work reflection and work centrality in the meaningfulness and commitment relationship

This study explores the relationship between experienced meaningfulness at work and affective commitment. We examine whether positive work reflection mediates the relationship between meaningful wo...
Varying Susceptibility of the Female Mammary Gland to In Utero Windows of BPA Exposure

In utero exposure to the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol A (BPA) is known to disrupt mammary gland development and increase tumor susceptibility in rodents. It is unclear whether different periods of in utero development might be more susceptible to BPA exposure. We exposed pregnant CD-1 mice to BPA at different times during gestation that correspond to specific milestones of in utero mammary gland development. The mammary glands of early-life and adult female mice, exposed in utero to BPA, were morphologically and molecularly (estrogen receptor-α and Ki67) evaluated for developmental abnormalities. We found that BPA treatment occurring before mammary bud invasion into the mesenchyme [embryonic day (E)12.5] incompletely resulted in the measured phenotypes of mammary gland defects. Exposing mice up to the point at which the epithelium extends into the precursor fat pad (E16.5) resulted in a nearly complete BPA phenotype and exposure during epithelial extension (E15.5 to E18.5) resulted in a partial phenotype. Furthermore, the relative differences in phenotypes between exposure windows highlight the substantial correlations between early-life molecular changes (estrogen receptor-α and Ki67) in the stroma and the epithelial elongation defects in mammary development. These data further implicate BPA action in the stroma as a critical mediator of epithelial phenotypes.
The sequence of disease-modifying therapies in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and immunologic considerations

The treatment landscape for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) has expanded considerably over the last 10 years with the approval of multiple new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), and others in late-stage clinical development. All DMTs for RMS are believed to reduce central nervous system immune-mediated inflammatory processes, which translate into demonstrable improvement in clinical and radiologic outcomes. However, some DMTs are associated with long-lasting effects on the immune system and/or serious adverse events, both of which may complicate the use of subsequent therapies. When customizing a treatment program, a benefit–risk assessment must consider multiple factors, including the efficacy of the DMT to reduce disease activity, the short- and long-term safety and immunologic profiles of each DMT, the criteria used to define switching treatment, and the risk tolerance of each patient. A comprehensive benefit–risk assessment can only be achieved by evaluating the immunologic, safety, and efficacy data for DMTs in the controlled clinical trial environment and the postmarketing clinical practice setting. This review is intended to help neurologists make informed decisions when treating RMS by summarizing the known data for each DMT and raising awareness of the multiple considerations involved in treating people with RMS throughout the entire course of their disease.
Distinguishing Low-Dimensional Chaos from Random Noise in a Hydrodynamic Experiment

Our experiments show that the circular Couette system undergoes a continuous transition from quasiperiodiс to weakly turbulent flow. The quasiperiodic flow is described by a phase space attractor of dimension 2.0. At the onset of turbulence broadband noise appears in the power spectrum, and with increasing Reynolds number the attractor dimension increases to about 2.5. Analysis of a model shows that the method used to determine the dimension of an attractor provides a way to distinguish between random and deterministic noise.
Association of Veterans Health Administration Home-Based Programs With Access to and Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

This study examines whether implementing new home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs is associated with cardiac rehabilitation participation in the Veterans Health Administration.
Intentionality and Possible-Worlds Semantics

Our discussion of Husserl’s theory of intentionality has focused on two important notions and their role in the theory: the notions of meaning (or noema) and horizon. In Chapters III and IV our development of Husserl’s theory assumed — along with Husserl — a generally Fregean account of meaning. But in Chapter VI we studied a rather different analysis of meaning, the Carnapian analysis in terms of possible worlds. We found that this view, unlike the Fregean, allowed us to relate the theory of meaning to Husserl’s theory of horizon. Our effort in this chapter will be to develop Husserl’s theory of intentionality further by explicitly incorporating into the theory this possible-worlds analysis, or explication, of meaning and horizon. The result is an interesting extension of Husserl’s basic theory of intentionality featuring, in effect, the view that acts are directed toward objects occurring in possible worlds.
Physiological Chemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Legumes

The beneficial effects of including legumes in crop rotations were realized by early Greek, Roman and Chinese agriculturists centuries before the elementary principles of biological N2 fixation were established (Fred, Baldwin and McCoy, 1932; Stewart, 1966). Although the occurrence of nodules on roots of legumes had been described (Malpighi, 1675), and evidence for N2 fixation by leguminous plants in field plots had been reported (Boussingault, 1838), the basic biological aspects of symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes were not established until the results of the classical experiments of Hellriegel and Wilfarth (1888) were reported. They assumed that nodules on the roots of Pisum sativum were caused by bacteria and that nodulation enabled the plants to fix N2. Furthermore, both non-legumes and leguminous plants without nodules were considered to be dependent upon fixed nitrogen compounds in the soil. Experiments in which legumes and non-legumes were cultured in sterile soil with and without non-sterile extracts of garden soil provided conclusive evidence that the non-sterile extract was needed for nodulation and that nodulation was essential for normal growth without adequate combined nitrogen.
Modal properties of cyclically symmetric systems with central components vibrating as three-dimensional rigid bodies

Abstract This study investigates the vibration mode structure of general cyclically symmetric systems with central components vibrating as three-dimensional rigid bodies. This work does not rely on the assumptions of the system matrix symmetries; asymmetric inertia matrix, damping, gyroscopic, and circulatory terms can be present. In the equation of motion of a general cyclically symmetric system, the matrix operators are proved to have properties related to the cyclic symmetry. These symmetry-related properties are used to prove the modal properties of general cyclically symmetric systems. Only three types of modes can exist: substructure modes, translational-tilting modes, and rotational-axial modes. Each mode type is characterized by specific central component modal deflections and substructure phase relations. Instead of solving the full eigenvalue problem, all vibration modes and natural frequencies can be obtained by solving smaller eigenvalue problems associated with each type. This computational advantage is dramatic for systems with many substructures or many degrees of freedom per substructure.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis with Miliary Histoplasmosis, Neurohistoplasmosis, and Histoplasma capsulatum Bacteremia in Probable Neurosarcoidosis.

Introduction. Neurosarcoidosis, either isolated or as part of systemic sarcoidosis, is an uncommon entity and has diagnostic uncertainty. Treatment for neurosarcoidosis can increase the risk of infections, including fungal infections such as disseminated histoplasmosis. Neurosarcoidosis may further predispose patients to infections of the central nervous system. Case Presentation. A 54-year-old male with a history of probable neurosarcoidosis on methotrexate and infliximab presented with encephalopathy, hypoxia, and reported fevers. The patient was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis involving the lungs (miliary histoplasmosis), central nervous system (neurohistoplasmosis), and bloodstream. The Histoplasma capsulatum infection was treated with amphotericin and then voriconazole. Discussion. Patients with neurosarcoidosis are suspected to have blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Lumbar puncture should be considered as part of initial investigative studies for infection. Empiric antimicrobial therapy for a patient with neurosarcoidosis on immunosuppressive agents may need to include antifungal agents.
What Makes an Organization Public? Managers’ Perceptions in the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment System:

The question “What makes an organization public?” is a leading point of scholarly inquiry in the field of public administration. This study supplements existing theory on publicness by further expl...
Abstract 2637: Novel targeted therapy-resistantFGFR3splice variant increases oncogenic phenotype in African American prostate cancer

Introduction: In this study, we investigate the role of alternative splicing in the receptor tyrosine kinase family on prostate cancer health disparities in African American men. Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of male-cancer related deaths in the U.S. Dramatic ethnic disparities have been observed in PCa patients, as African American (AA) men are 60% more likely to be diagnosed with PCa and have a 2.4 fold higher mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men. Increasing evidence suggests that, after accounting for epidemiological factors, a remaining component of this disparity is due to intrinsic genetic and biological factors. Interestingly, exon array data from our lab suggest that differential alternative splicing (dAS) may be occurring in AA PCa. We hypothesize that dAS involving exon 14 of FGFR3 is generating a shorter, more oncogenic variant in AA PCa, which is absent or weakly expressed in EA PCa. Differential splicing of FGFR3 in AA patients may be mechanisms contributing to AA PCa health disparities. Results: Cloning confirmed the presence of the FGFR3-L variant (containing exon 14) and the FGFR3-S variant (without exon 14) from EA and AA PCa cell lines, respectively. RNA-seq data analysis suggests decreased survival of PCa patients with high FGFR3-S/-L expression ratios. EA cell lines overexpressing FGFR3-S show increased small molecule inhibitor (SMI) TKI258-mediated resistance to proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, mice injected with cells overexpressing FGFR3-S have increased tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to TKI258 treatment. Conclusions: We have identified an oncogene of interest, FGFR3, which undergoes exon skipping specific to AA PCa. We have successfully cloned this novel FGFR3 variant in cell lines and created stable cell lines overexpressing both short and long variants. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest FGFR3-S is more resistant to SMIs. Thus, dAS in FGFR3 may be one mechanism contributing to the increased aggressiveness of PCa in AA patients. Citation Format: Jacqueline Moy, Bi-Dar Wang, Norman H. Lee. Novel targeted therapy-resistant FGFR3 splice variant increases oncogenic phenotype in African American prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2637.
Are Shorter Versions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Doable? A Critical Review

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a well-established assessment tool for measuring symptom severity in schizophrenia. Researchers and clinicians have been interested in the development of a short version of the PANSS that could reduce the burden of its administration for patients and raters. The author presents a comprehensive overview of existing brief PANSS measures, including their strengths and limitations, and discusses some possible next steps. There are two available scales that offer a reduced number of original PANSS items: PANSS-14 and PANSS-19; and two shorter versions that include six items: Brief PANSS and PANSS-6. The PANSS-6 has been tested quite extensively in established trials and appears to demonstrate high sensitivity to change and an established cut off definition for remission. Prospective testing in new antipsychotic treatment trials is still required for these shorter versions of PANSS. In addition, they need to be supplemented with interview guides, as well as provide conversion formulas to translate total scores from the short PANSS versions to the PANSS-30. Both short versions of the PANSS are essentially designed to evaluate response to antipsychotic treatment. Future PANSS scale development needs to address specific measurement of treatment-responsive positive symptoms by including treatment-sensitive items, as well as illness-phase specific PANSS tools.
Wisdom Once Gained Is Not Easily Lost: Implicit Theories About Wisdom and Age-Related Cognitive Declines.

Background and objectives Most people agree that cognitive capabilities are an integral component of wisdom and its development. However, a question that has received less attention is whether people view maintaining cognitive capabilities as a necessary prerequisite for maintaining wisdom. Research design and methods This study used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate people's views about the relationship between age-related cognitive declines, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and wisdom. Our final sample of 1,519 adults ranged in age from 18 to 86. Results The majority of participants stated that wisdom could be present even in people with significant age-related cognitive declines or with AD. In the qualitative responses, common justifications for this were (a) that even people with severe AD can still exhibit wise behaviors during lucid moments, (b) that wisdom is an immutable characteristic that is impossible to lose, and (c) that wisdom maintenance and cognitive capability maintenance are separate constructs. Discussion and implications Although prior research has examined implicit theories about the role of cognition in the development of wisdom, this is the first study to examine implicit theories about whether cognitive declines lead to wisdom declines. The results suggest that most people hold essentialist beliefs about wisdom, viewing it as a fixed and unchangeable trait rather than as a malleable skill.
Trends in the Surgical Management of Known or Suspected Differentiated Thyroid Cancer at a Single Institution, 2010-2018.

Background: The surgical management of nodular thyroid disease has been influenced by the advent of molecular diagnostics and recent guidelines recommending a more conservative approach to low-risk...
Systematic review and meta-analysis of socio-cognitive and socio-affective processes association with adolescent substance use.

Abstract Background Social impairments are important features of a substance use disorder diagnosis; and recent models suggest early impairments in socio-cognitive and -affective processes may predict future use. However, no systematic reviews are available on this topic. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses exploring the association between social-cognitive and -affective processes (empathy, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, theory of mind, and social cognition) and substance use frequency (alcohol, cannabis, general drug use). We examined moderating effects of study design, gender, age, and weather conduct problems were controlled for. We also review brain studies related to social cognition and substance use disorder (SUD) risk. Results Systematic review suggested a negative association for positively valenced constructs with substance use but mixed results on the negatively valenced construct CU traits. Meta-analyses revealed moderate positive association between CU traits with alcohol and general drug use but no significance with cannabis use. Moderate effect sizes were found for CU traits in youth predicting severity of substance use by late adolescence and significantly accounted for variance independently of conduct problems. Significant moderators included gender proportions, sample type, and age. Neuroimaging meta-analysis indicated 10 coordinates that were different in youth at a high risk/with SUD compared to controls. Three of these coordinates associate with theory of mind and social cognition. Conclusion Socio-cognitive and -affective constructs demonstrate an association with current and future substance use, and neural differences are present when performing social cognitive tasks in regions with strongest associations with theory of mind and social cognition.
The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study

Crowdfunding allows founders of for-profit, artistic, and cultural ventures to fund their efforts by drawing on relatively small contributions from a relatively large number of individuals using the internet, without standard financial intermediaries. Drawing on a dataset of over 48,500 projects with combined funding over $237 M, this paper offers a description of the underlying dynamics of success and failure among crowdfunded ventures. It suggests that personal networks and underlying project quality are associated with the success of crowdfunding efforts, and that geography is related to both the type of projects proposed and successful fundraising. Finally, I find that the vast majority of founders seem to fulfill their obligations to funders, but that over 75% deliver products later than expected, with the degree of delay predicted by the level and amount of funding a project receives. These results offer insight into the emerging phenomenon of crowdfunding, and also shed light more generally on the ways that the actions of founders may affect their ability to receive entrepreneurial financing.
Identification of a CTRP9 C-Terminal polypeptide capable of enhancing bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell cardioprotection through promoting angiogenic exosome production

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cell therapy improves ischemic heart failure via incompletely understood mechanisms. C1q-TNFα related protein-9 (CTRP9) is a novel anti-oxidative cardiokine capable of improving the local microenvironment and cell survival by its c-terminal active globular domain (gCTRP9). The current study attempted to: 1) identify active gCTRP9 c-terminal polypeptides with stem cell protective function; 2) determine whether a lead polypeptide may enable/enhance cortical bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell (CBSC) cardioprotection against post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) remodeling; and 3) define the responsible underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. Methods and results Utilizing I-TASSER structure prediction and 3-D active site modeling, we cloned and purified 3 gCTRP9 fragments (CTRP9-237, CTRP9-277, and CTRP9-281). Their activation of cell salvage kinase was compared against gCTRP9. Among the three fragments, CTRP9-281 (a 45 residue-containing polypeptide) exerted comparable or greater ERK1/2 activation compared to gCTRP9. Treatment with CTRP9-281 or gCTRP9 significantly increased CBSC proliferation and migration, and attenuated oxidative stress-induced CBSC apoptosis. CTRP9-281 and gCTRP9 comparably upregulated SOD2 and SOD3 expression. However, CTRP9-281, not gCTRP9, upregulated FGF2 and VEGFA expression/secretion in an ERK1/2 dependent manner. Administration of gCTRP9 or CTRP9-281 alone attenuated post-MI cardiac dysfunction and improved CBSC retention in the infarcted heart in similar fashion. However, CTRP9-281 exerted greater synergistic effect with CBSC than gCTRP9 related to pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-remodeling effects. Mechanistically, CTRP9-281 significantly increased SOD2-rich and VEGFA-rich exosome production by CBSC. Exosomes from CTRP9-281 treated CBSC significantly attenuated oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. An exosome generation inhibitor attenuated CTRP9-281 enhancement of CBSC cardioprotection in vivo. Conclusion We identified a CTRP9 polypeptide that upregulates SOD2/SOD3 expression and improves CBSC survival/retention, similar to gCTRP9. Moreover, CTRP9-281 stimulates VEGFA-rich exosome production by CBSC, exerting superior pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, and cardioprotective actions.
Barriers to Bystander Interventions for Sexual Assault: Impact of Personal History of Sexual Victimization.

Bystander intervention programs have consistently demonstrated a positive change in communitywide norms regarding sexual assault. However, much of the extant research is limited by the failure to m...
A Primitive-Based Approach to Good Seamanship Path Planning for Autonomous Surface Vessels

This paper offers a multi-layer planning approach for autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) that must adhere to good seamanship practices and the International Regulations for Prevention of Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) [1]. The approach combines novel situational awareness logic with motion primitive-based planners in a receding horizon framework. Further, ship domain and ship arena concepts are used to develop risk metrics that capture COLREGS compliance and the notion of good seamanship. By relying on metrics-driven motion planning as opposed to rule-based conditions, the proposed framework scales naturally to non-trivial single-vessel and multi-vessel situations. The planner is evaluated using adaptive, simulation-based testing to statistically compare the performance to other standard methods. Finally, proof-of-concept field experiments are presented on a subscale platform.
Front-end non-linear distortion and array beamforming

Nonlinear distortion in RF front-end electronics can limit processing gain of digitized signals. Sensor array processing imparts spatial selectivity in capturing desired weak signals in the presence of interfering sources and spatially distributed noise. In this paper we examine the impact of non-linear distortion associated with realizable array systems on array beamforming algorithm performance that is referenced to perfectly linear systems. We show that for unfavorable system configurations nonlinear distortion can limit the gain that an array may impart in capturing weak signals, and can deny an array look directions that its ideal counterpart would otherwise capture. We use these results to motivate digital-domain non-linearity equalization
Lanthanide-Platinum Intermetallic Compounds as Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Ethanol PEM Fuel Cells: II. Performance of Nanopowders in an Operating PEM Fuel Cell

The electrochemical stability and electrocatalytic performance in ethanol oxidation of a new class of anode electrocatalysts is presented. Nanopowders of the Laves-phase intermetallic compounds LnPt 2 (Ln = Ce,Pr) were utilized to exploit the strong oxidizing power of tetravalent lanthanides in an anode electrocatalyst. These nanopowders are stable in the environment of the anode of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Steady-state polarization curves in an operating PEM fuel cell demonstrate that the new electrocatalysts are active toward the electro-oxidation of ethanol. The new electrocatalysts exhibited ca. 225 mV more overpotential than PtRu at a given current density based on the total electrocatalyst surface area in the anode, but this may be due to issues with particle size and electrode structure. Analysis of the anode effluent with on-line gas chromatography showed that two-electron electro-oxidation to acetaldehyde was the main reaction pathway at potentials of interest and implied that ethanol adsorbs without C-C bond cleavage through the oxygen in the hydroxyl group.
Effects of Oxide Film on the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Grade 7 in Fluoride-Containing NaCl Brines

The effects of oxide film on the corrosion behavior of Titanium Grade 7 (0.12-0.25% Pd) in fluoride-containing NaCl brines have been investigated. With the presence of a 0.6 {micro}m thick oxide layer, the annealed Ti grade 7 exhibited a significant improvement on the anodic polarization behavior. However, the oxide film did not demonstrate sustainable corrosion resistance in fluoride-containing solutions.
Tournament-Style Debate as a Natural Resources Education Technique

ABSTRACT Curricula in the natural resource professions are placing increased emphasis on course work dealing with the larger phil­osophical and value-related questions surrounding resource management. This development presents a challenge to instruc­tors, particularly in terms of encouraging active student involve­ment in such courses. The use of tournament debate format provides one useful means for fostering such involvement while also aiding in the development of oral communication skills. The authors' experience with the use of debate suggests that certain modifications to traditional debate format aid in its suc­cessful classroom use. A FORMIDABLE BARRIER to learning is created whenever a student views a course as merely a requirement with little intrinsic appeal or direct applicability to his or her future. Many students of the natural resource man­agement professions often view classes in policy and other related management and social sciences as irksome. They enthusiastically take on, however, field-oriented techni­cal courses such as dendrology, ornithology, or range plants. Classes that deal with larger philosophical ques­tions such as, "Why manage a given parcel of land to achieve a particular end?," seem to many students as ab­stract and far removed from the daily activities of land management and hence of little interest. Yet a student's ability to analytically deal with these why questions is as crucial as the natural resource profession's struggle to redefine a niche in today's rapidly changing world (Gregg, 1992). The emergence of these why questions has resulted in greater emphasis in resource management curricula on topics such as policy, ethics, and the relationship of land management to the larger society and global ecosystem (Gilbert et aI., 1993). The problem remains, however, of how to teach these subjects while holding students' at­tention and stimulating interest. Natural resource edu­cators often find that many natural resource students are more comfortable and active in classes that grapple with questions of how to accomplish some goal rather than those concerned with why the goal exists at all. The how questions tend to be concrete, and students easily see their application to daily decisions. The why questions are more abstract and their specific relevance is less easily grasped.
Inflammation-related alterations in corticostriatal connectivity in depression: Reversal with levodopa?

Neuroimaging studies indicate that inflammatory cytokines decrease activation of the ventral striatum in association with increased symptoms of anhedonia. Our in vivo microdialysis studies in non-human primates suggest that these effects are mediated by decreased striatal dopamine synthesis and release, which can be reversed by administration of the dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA). Herein, we examined inflammation-related alterations in functional connectivity with the ventral striatum in medically healthy, medication free patients with major depression (n = 48) in relation to symptoms of anhedonia. Pilot data was also collected from a subset of patients with high inflammation (as defined by plasma C-reactive protein [CRP]) who were administered L-DOPA before and after resting state fMRI. Increased inflammation (as determined by plasma CRP) was associated with decreased functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in patients with major depression. These changes in functional connectivity were also associated with increased anhedonia (r = −0.48, df = 46, p = 0.001). Furthermore, preliminary data indicate that L-DOPA can reverse inflammation-associated decreases in corticostriatal connectivity. These data support the hypothesis that inflammation effects on dopamine synthesis and release may play a role in corticostriatal dysfunction that underlies symptoms of anhedonia in major depression. Ongoing work with L-DOPA will provide a foundation for future studies investigating therapeutic strategies that facilitate availability of dopamine precursors to improve symptoms of anhedonia in patients with major depression and increased inflammation.
A survey of respiratory disease among New York City postal and transit workers. IV. Racial differences in the FEV 1 .

Abstract In Negro male cigarette smokers the decline of the FEV 1 with age is significantly less than in whites. After correction for the original higher lung volumes in whites, the superiority of the Negro one-pack-per-day smoker relative to the White is estimated at +0.34 liters at age 60 (an amount equal to the difference between white nonsmokers and cigarette smokers at that age). Corrections were made for racial differences in amount smoked, age began, and inhaling. Negro and White nonsmokers do not differ in the rate of decline of the FEV 1 with age, suggesting that there is no intrinsic racial difference in the decline of the FEV 1 with age, but rather a difference in response to smoking. Prediction equations for the FEV 1 based on 2827 Negro males aged 30–59 are given for several smoking categories. For the total population the FEV 1 (in liters) = −.022 age + .0285 standing height (centimeters) −1.01.