cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presidential address of Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics

It is a significant honor to be recognized by one's peers and to be given the opportunity to lead an organization whose primary goal is the perpetuation of our discipline. It is a particular honor to serve in that role in the twenty-fifth anniversary year of the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, which also represents for me a twenty-fifth anniversary in academic medicine. The goals of my presidential address are limited and simple: to express some aspects of personal philosophy; to summarize the problems we face in medicine, in academic careers, and in our discipline; to review the changes in the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics and our specialty in the past 25 years; and to provide some inspirational thoughts about the future. Persons in my position have a problem. While we are medical teachers in that we have taught students for 25 or more years, we are not experts in education. Although we cannot explain it in educational terms, we have developed an instinct for those approaches in medical education that work and those that do not. It is this instinct that makes some of us react so negatively to the suggestions of those who work in the theory rather than the practice of medical education. For example, the concept that in an ideal world, medical education would be a totally integrated and interdisciplinary experience is one that I do not find very convincing. In my experience, integrated teaching is difficult to plan and to mount, expensive, and extremely time-consuming for the organizers, and it is
A Digital Atlas of the Dog Brain

There is a long history and a growing interest in the canine as a subject of study in neuroscience research and in translational neurology. In the last few years, anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of awake and anesthetized dogs have been reported. Such efforts can be enhanced by a population atlas of canine brain anatomy to implement group analyses. Here we present a canine brain atlas derived as the diffeomorphic average of a population of fifteen mesaticephalic dogs. The atlas includes: 1) A brain template derived from in-vivo, T1-weighted imaging at 1 mm isotropic resolution at 3 Tesla (with and without the soft tissues of the head); 2) A co-registered, high-resolution (0.33 mm isotropic) template created from imaging of ex-vivo brains at 7 Tesla; 3) A surface representation of the gray matter/white matter boundary of the high-resolution atlas (including labeling of gyral and sulcal features). The properties of the atlas are considered in relation to historical nomenclature and the evolutionary taxonomy of the Canini tribe. The atlas is available for download (https://cfn.upenn.edu/aguirre/wiki/public:data_plosone_2012_datta).
Catalytic hydrodehalogenation of chlorinated ethylenes using palladium and hydrogen for the treatment of contaminated water

A kinetic model is presented for the catalytic hydrodehalogenation of chlorinated ethylenes using Pd and H2 under water treatment conditions. All five chlorinated ethylenes, including tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and vinyl chloride, were completely removed from tap water within 10 minutes at room temperature by 0.5 g of 0.5% Pd on alumina and 0.1 atm H2. Ethane accounted for 55–85% of the mass balance in these systems. Ethene was a reactive intermediate whose maximum concentration accounted for less than about 5% of the initial substrate. Palladium on granular carbon was also an effective catalyst, although ethane yield for PCE was somewhat lower than with Pd-alumina (55% versus 85%). The transformation of PCE was first order with respect to both substrate and amount of metal, with a half-life of t12 = 9 min for 0.055 μmole Pd (583 μg of 1% Pd on powdered activated carbon). Addition of ∼10 mg/L of nitrite to the water decreased the rate constant by about 50%. The nitrite concentration decreased by about 25% over the course of the reaction. Addition of nitrate or sulfate had smaller effect on the rate of PCE transformation; chloride had no effect. The presence of oxygen greatly reduced the amount of ethane produced regardless of the catalyst support. Bisulf1de poisoned the catalyst.
Some comments on the general Hartree—Fock method

Abstract A study is made of the general Hartree—Fock (GHF) method, in which the basic spin-orbitals may be mixtures of functions having α and β spins. The existence of the solutions to the GHF equations has been proven by Lieb and Simon, and the nature of the various types of solutions has been group theoretically classified by Fukutome. Some numerical applications using Gaussian bases are carried out for some simple systems: the beryllium and carbon atoms and the BH molecule. Some GHF solutions of the general Fukutome-type “torsional spin density waves” (TSDW) were found.
Simulation of the femtosecond optical response of a solute in water.

We present microscopic semiclassical simulations of the femtosecond nonlinear-optical polarization (${\mathit{P}}^{(3)}$) of a solute in water. ${\mathit{P}}^{(3)}$ is dominated at short times by intermolecular vibrations that cannot be accounted for by the Bloch equations. The applicability of the Bloch, stochastic, and Brownian oscillator models to the interpretation of photon-echo and pump-probe measurements is discussed. We find that only microscopic semiclassical simulation and the Brownian oscillator model can account for the essential features of ${\mathit{P}}^{(3)}$.
Origin of noradrenergic projections to GnRH perikarya-containing areas in the medial septum-diagonal band and preoptic area

The purpose of the present study was to identify the sites of origin of the noradrenergic fibers that project to areas containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) perikarya since norepinephrine (NE) is known to influence the activity of GnRH neurons. Fluorescent retrograde tracers were used in combination with immunohistochemistry for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and GnRH. Small volumes of either Fluoro-gold (FG) or Fluoro-Ruby (FR) were pressure injected into areas that contain the largest number of GnRH cell bodies, i.e., the medical septum-diagonal band complex or preoptic area. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed ipsilaterally in the following noradrenergic cell groups: A2 (in the nucleus tractus solitarii), A1 (in the ventrolateral medulla) and locus coeruleus. Approximately 8% of all DBH-positive neurons within the A2-cell group were retrogradely labeled, while 12% of DBH-ir neurons in the A1-group were double-labeled. Only a few retrogradely labeled DBH-ir neurons were observed in the locus coeruleus (< 1%). Double-labeled neurons were not organized into discrete cell groups, but were dispersed among other NE-neurons within the A2- and A1-cell groups. The highest concentrations of double-labeled neurons were located in the central one-third of both the A2 and A1 cell groups. The results suggest that most noradrenergic terminals in the region of the GnRH perikarya in the medial septum-diagonal band/rostral preoptic area originate from ipsilateral neurons in areas A1 and A2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Portable Dictionary of the Mouse Genome: a personal database for gene mapping and molecular biology.

The Portable Dictionary of the Mouse Genome is a database for personal computers that contains information on approximately 10,000 loci in the mouse, along with data on homologs in several other mammalian species, including human, rat, cat, cow, and pig. Key features of the dictionary are its compact size, its network independence, and the ability to convert the entire dictionary to a wide variety of common application programs. Another significant feature is the integration of DNA sequence accession data. Loci in the dictionary can be rapidly resorted by chromosomal position, by type, by human homology, or by gene effect. The dictionary provides an accessible, easily manipulated set of data that has many uses—from a quick review of loci and gene nomenclature to the design of experiments and analysis of results. The Portable Dictionary is available in several formats suitable for conversion to different programs and computer systems. It can be obtained on disk or from Internet Gopher servers (mickey.utmem.edu or anat4.utmem.edu), an anonymous FTP site (nb.utmem.edu in the directory pub/genedict), and a World Wide Web server (http://mickey.utmem.edu/front.html).
Child health promotion practices.

Abstract This study examined parent's child health promotion practices in seven areas: nutrition, safety, dental hygiene, immunization, personal hygiene, sleep and rest, and exercise. Parents of 605 children who were enrolled in 33 day care centers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. In general, parents followed health-promoting practices in all seven areas investigated. Factors influencing these practices also were explored. Implications for health education and counseling of parents are discussed.
Neurosecretory control of ecdysone release during puparium formation of flies.

Abstract Larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma fail to pupariate while kept wet, but do so upon transfer to dry conditions after about 28 hr. This period is lengthened to 42 hr after injection of tetrodotoxin, and shortened to 12 hr after injection of ecdysone, independently of whether they are kept wet or dry. It is 12 hr in larvae injected with ecydsone plus tetrodotoxin (which inhibits the puparial contraction) or ecdysone plus α-MDH (which inhibits subsequent tanning). It is rather the lack of inhibitory stimulation arising from a wet surrounding which allows the CNS to activate the ring gland (RG), than a positive stimulation caused by dry conditions. Hind parts of larvae, previously kept wet, were implanted with the CNS-RG complex, or CNS or RG alone, taken from wet-treated larvae kept dry for various periods. Implantation with the CNS-RG complex from donors of any age induced a high percentage of pupariation, but it occurred sooner, the older the donors. When implanted with RG alone, the age of the donors was decisive; almost no effect at the time of transfer to the dry, and an increasing effect thereafter. When the donors were prepupae at various periods after puparium formation the effect decreased with increasing age, but was identical when CNS-RG or RG alone were implanted. CNS alone from donors of any age before or after pupariation had no effect. Before pupariation the ring gland becomes increasingly more active while the reverse holds after pupariation. The nervous connection between CNS and RG is important rather as a duct for the neurosecretory material, than for its electrical charge-carrying properties.
Communities, Cartography and GIS: Enhancing Undergraduate Geographic Education with Service Learning

This paper discusses an introductory cartography and GIS service learning course. The service learning experience, highlighted by a final mapping project and community presentation, resulted in 3,000 student-designed maps being distributed to community residents, a website of downloadable student maps, multiple student speaking engagements, and a sustained community-university collaboration. The course demonstrates the importance of applied geography in local communities and highlights the benefits of community-university partnerships for addressing social change. Such an applied geography experience offers an important twist on the conventional, introductory cartography course where students engage in pre-packaged lectures and labs, and are then asked to complete a final mapping project. Unlike the conventional approach, this service learning class experience allows students to use their creativity to demonstrate knowledge learned in the course and allows students to apply and present their geographic knowledge in a real-world setting to community members.
Comprehension of neutral, melodically intoned, and affectively toned sentences by adults with aphasia

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a notable improvement in the auditory comprehension of adults with aphasia when sentences are melodically intoned or spoken with strong affect, as compared to when the same sentence materials are spoken in a neutral manner. The subjects for this study were six aphasic patients with left-brain damage and two control subjects: one patient with bilateral brain damage and one subject with no history of neurological insult. The subjects responded to a picture identification task where the same sentence stimuli were presented in three conditions: neutral, melodic intonation, and strong affect. There was no significant difference in the left-brain damaged patients' auditory comprehension scores in the three conditions. No improvement of performance was noted for the bilaterally brain-damaged patient, and the nonaphasic subject attained a perfect or near-perfect score in each condition. Results are discussed in terms of the need for future research.
Diffusion Monte Carlo Approaches for Evaluating Rotationally Excited States of Symmetric Top Molecules: Application to H3O+ and D3O+†

An approach is described for evaluating energies and wave functions for rotationally excited states of symmetric top molecules using diffusion Monte Carlo methods. The approach is based on the fact that, for many systems, the rotation/vibration Hamiltonian can be modeled by terms that depend on the vibrational coordinates and powers of the components of the rotational angular momentum vector, J. In the case of symmetric top molecules with M = 0, the rotational part of the wave function is given by the tesseral harmonics. We construct rotationally excited states within the diffusion Monte Carlo approach by imposing nodal surfaces that are obtained from the roots of the tesseral harmonics. Results are presented for H(3)O(+) and D(3)O(+) with J <or= 10. Where comparisons to previous calculations can be made, the agreement is excellent.
Defending against device theft with human notarization

People increasingly rely on mobile phones for storing sensitive information and credentials for access to services. Because these devices are vulnerable to theft, security of this data is put at higher risk—once the attacker is in physical possession of the device, recovering these credentials and impersonating the owner of the phone is hard to defend by purely local means. We introduce the concept of ‘notarization’, a process by which a remote notary verifies the identity of the device user through video chat. We describe the design and implementation of a system that leverages notarization to protect cryptographic keys that the device uses to decrypt device data (e.g., website passwords) or perform signatures in support of client-side TLS, without trusting the notary with these keys. Through a lab-based study with 56 participants, we show that notarization even by strangers is effective for combating device theft.
Antigenic homology between rat sperm tail polypeptides and Sertoli cell secretory proteins

A high performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been used for the purification of rat Sertoli cell secretory protein S70 and S45-535 heterodimeric protein to determine their role during spermatogenesis. These two proteins display binding affinity for each other and appear antigenically related. We have observed that: 1. S70 and S45-S35 heterodimeric protein coelute during purification, 2. polyclonal antiserum raised against protein S70 recognizes common antigenic determinants in polypeptides S45 and S35, the disulfide-linked components of the heterodimeric protein, and 3. a monoclonal antibody that recognizes polypeptide S35 but does not crossreact with either protein S70 or polypeptide S45, immunoprecipitates the S70/S45-S35 heterodimeric protein complex.
Preparation of porous SnO2 helical nanotubes and SnO2 sheets

abstract We report a surfactant-free chemical solution route for synthesizing one-dimensional porous SnO 2 helical nanotubes templated by helical carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional SnO 2 sheets templatedby graphite sheets. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and galva-nostatic dischargeecharge analysis are used to characterize the SnO 2 samples. The unique nanostructureand morphology make them promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Both the SnO 2 with thetubular structure and the sheet structure shows small initial irreversible capacity loss of 3.2% and 2.2%,respectively. The SnO 2 helical nanotubes show a speci c discharge capacity of above 800 mAh g 1 after10 charge and discharge cycles, exceeding the theoretical capacity of 781 mAh g 1 for SnO 2 . Thenanotubes remain a speci c discharge capacity of 439 mAh g 1 after 30 cycles, which is better than thatof SnO 2 sheets (323 mAh g 1 ). 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionOne-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials have become a hotresearchareadue totheir unique properties such as small size, highsurface area, low dimensionality and outstanding performance innano-sized electronic and optical devices[1e3]. So far, carbonnanotubes (CNTs), metal or semiconductor nanostructures havebeen studied extensively for their applications in solar cells, lightemitting diodes, catalysts, and gas sensor etc[4e6]. Tin oxide(SnO
Partial purification and characterization of a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked aldehyde reductase from heart

Abstract The presence of a nonspecific NADPH-linked aldehyde reductase (alcohol-NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2) from heart was observed in the soluble portion of tissue homogcnates. The reductase activity was present in at least two forms. The enzyme which accounted for the major portion of activity was purified some 800-fold over the crude homogenate. The enzyme was capable of reducing a number of aromatic and medium chain length aldehydes in the presence of NADPH. No ketones were utilized as substrates and the enzyme was inactive with NADH. The enzyme was shown to have a pH optimum at 6.4 for the reduction of aldehydes. Oxidation of alcohols occurred optimally at pH 9.6 with NADP as cofactor. although the reaction proceeded at less than 10 per cent of the rate observed in the forward direction. A molecular weight of 29,000 was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Biogenic aldehydes prepared from β-hydroxylated phenylethylamines were actively reduced. The K m values for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycolaldehyde and 4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde were: 0.53, 0.50 and 0.03 mM respectively. The aldehydes of non-β-hydroxylated phenylethylamines were not efficiently utilized as substrates. The K m for NADPH was determined to be 0.013 mM in the presence of ρ-nitrobenzaldehyde. Inhibitor studies show the enzyme to be different from “classical” alcohol dehydrogenase. Various anticonvulsants and diuretics were inhibitory at concentrations of 0.01 mM. The enzyme is postulated to be responsible for the reduction of biogenic aldehydes in heart in vivo .
Photoelectronic Properties of Zinc Impurity in Silicon

Zinc impurity in high-resistivity $n$-type-silicon single crystals exhibits the properties of a sensitizing center for photoconductivity; the electron lifetime is increased by a factor of ${10}^{4}$ to a value of 100 msec at 80 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A variety of photoelectronic measurements are used to determine the location of the ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ energy level with respect to the conduction- and valence-band edges, the density of zinc centers, the change in scattering cross section upon photoexcitation, the electron-capture cross section of the ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ center as a function of temperature, and the existence and properties of other imperfection states. Optical quenching of photoconductivity indicates an electron-capture cross section of the ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ center which is about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and independent of temperature below 50 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and which decreases exponentially with $\frac{1}{T}$ at higher temperatures with an activation energy of 40 meV. Measurements of temperature dependence of steady-state lifetime and of photoconductivity decay time are consistent.
INFINITE-HORIZON OPTIMAL HEDGING UNDER CONE CONSTRAINTS

We address the issue of hedging in infinite horizon markets with a type of con­ straints that the set of feasible portfolio holdings forms a convex cone. We show that the minimum cost of hedging a liability stream is equal to its largest present value with respect to admissible stochastic discount factors, thus can be deter­ mined without finding an optimal hedging strategy. We solve for an optimal hedg­ ing strategy by solving a sequence of independent one-period hedging problems. We apply the results to a variety of trading restrictions and also show how the admissible stochastic discount factors can be characterized.
Quantitative comparison of radar QPE to rain gauges for the 26 September 2007 Venice Mestre flood

Abstract. In this study consideration is given to the potential use of radar-derived quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) as flash flood guidance in the context of the Italian Civil Protection flood risk management system. The interest in high precipitation intensities and accumulation motivated the case study of the 26 September 2007 event, in which a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system brought within 3–6 h 40% of the mean annual precipitation to the wider Venice-Mestre area, i.e. 260 mm in Venice-Mestre and 325 mm in closeby Valle Averto. Comparison of the radar-derived QPE in the area with the rain gauge network revealed a good correspondence for warm season rainfall, both for daily accumulations in the longterm (about 2 years) and hourly accumulations for the case under consideration. The long term average radar to gauge ratio is very close to 0 dB with an uncertainty of approximately ±3 dB, i.e. roughly a factor of two, slightly better for higher precipitation intensities. For the hourly accumulations during this very intense event the spread is similar, while the average is slightly positive. The locations of the rainfall accumulation maximum as detected, respectively, by the radar and by the rain gauge network do not coincide. Given the relatively good quality of the precipitation estimation, it is argued that these areas effectively have received even larger rainfall amounts, and that it is worthwhile to further investigate the potential of radar to be used as flash flood guidance.
Trends in Attitudes Toward Abortion: 1972-1976

Trends in attitudes toward abortion are examined over the 1972-1976 period. While an overall tendency of more liberal attitudes is noted, important differences over time are apparent by gender, education, occupational prestige, and religiosity.
Making the Most of BMC Counterexamples

The value of model checking counterexamples for debugging programs (and specifications) is widely recognized. Unfortunately, bounded model checkers often produce counterexamples that are difficult to understand due to the values chosen by a SAT solver. This paper presents two approaches to making better use of BMC counterexamples. The first contribution is a new notion of counterexample minimization that minimizes values with respect to the type system of the language being model checked, rather than at the level of SAT variables. Greedy and optimal approaches to the minimization problem are presented and compared. The second contribution extends a BMC-based error explanation approach to automatically hypothesize causes for the error in a counterexample. These hypotheses (in terms of relationships between variables) can be automatically checked to determine if a causal dependence exists. Experimental results show that causes can be automatically determined for errors in interesting ANSI C programs.
Synthesis and Structure of Octamethylcyclo-di(meta-silphenylenesiloxane)

Octamethylcyclo-di(meta-silphenylenesiloxane) 1 (cyclic meta-dimer) was synthesized from 1,3-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)benzene 7 in a dilute THF solution, in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). In contrast, only small amounts of the cyclic meta-dimer 1, cyclic meta-trimer 2, cyclic meta-tetramer, etc. were obtained when the condensation reaction was carried out with the catalyst n-hexylamine 2-ethylhexoate or sodium hydroxide. The major product in these reactions is polymer 8. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. This cyclic molecule is most likely unstrained since the X-ray structure reveals that the Si–O–Si bond angle is 142.1(1)° which is similar to that in most unstrained siloxane compounds.
Fingerlike biomechanical robots

The authors present a technique to analyze the forces and dynamics of a class of mechanical systems, called fingerlike systems, which may be viewed as an extension of simple robots to include networks for force/displacement generation and transmission. Fingerlike mechanical system can be described using a graph-theoretic approach to force and displacement generation and transmission. Branches consist of actuators, cables, springs, and other building blocks. Upon specification of the connectivity graph and branch behaviors, a symbolic mathematics program can generate the affine maps from actuator control variables to mechanical system torques and forces. This process systematizes and simplifies the determination of biological and robotic mechanical dynamics. >
Endovascular recanalization for subacute symptomatic intracranial arterial occlusion: A report of two cases

Abstract Background We hope to illustrate the feasibility of endovascular recanalization for intracranial symptomatic arterial occlusion in the subacute period without adjunctive stenting. Case description Two patients presented with recurrent transient ischemic attacks due to subacute occlusion of intracranial vessels (left MCA M1 and basilar artery). Both had pressor-dependent ischemic symptoms referable to the occluded artery. Sustained angiographic antegrade flow was achieved following angioplasty of our first patient’s occluded basilar artery. Excellent angiographic perfusion of our second patient’s left hemisphere was achieved following angioplasty of her occluded M1. A Maverick 2 mm × 9 mm balloon was employed in both cases, neither requiring chemical thrombolysis. Conclusion Symptoms in both patients abated and they were weaned off pressors within 24 h, underscoring the potential of angioplasty to treat fluctuating, pressor-dependent cerebral ischemia from subacute intracranial arterial occlusion. At most recent follow-up, both patients were neurologically intact, denying any transient neurologic events occurring in the interim.
Combining link and content analysis to estimate semantic similarity

Search engines use content and link information to crawl, index, retrieve, and rank Web pages. The correlations between similarity measures based on these cues and on semantic associations between pages therefore crucially affects the performance of any search tool. Here I begin to quantitatively analyze the relationship between content, link, and semantic similarity measures across a massive number of Web page pairs. Maps of semantic similarity across textual and link similarity highlight the potential and limitations of lexical and link analysis for relevance approximation, and provide us with a way to study whether and how text and link based measures should be combined.
Computer modeling of 15N uptake and remineralization experiments1,2

A computer model simulating /sup 15/NH/sub 4//sup +/ or /sup 15/NO/sub 3//sup -/ uptake experiments in which regeneration of the same nutrient occurs is described. The use of this method within a reiterative program which fits values of uptake and remineralization rates to experimental data is demonstrated and the results of such computations are compared to other commonly used methods of calculating ammonium fluxes. Some advantages of the computer model approach over more standard calculation approaches are presented, the greatest being a predictive capability that permits testing of several experimental designs before the actual experiments are done.
LIFT: A Low-Overhead Practical Information Flow Tracking System for Detecting Security Attacks

Computer security is severely threatened by software vulnerabilities. Prior work shows that information flow tracking (also referred to as taint analysis) is a promising technique to detect a wide range of security attacks. However, current information flow tracking systems are not very practical, because they either require program annotations, source code, non-trivial hardware extensions, or incur prohibitive runtime overheads. This paper proposes a low overhead, software-only information flow tracking system, called LIFT, which minimizes run-time overhead by exploiting dynamic binary instrumentation and optimizations for detecting various types of security attacks without requiring any hardware changes. More specifically, LIFT aggressively eliminates unnecessary dynamic information flow tracking, coalesces information checks, and efficiently switches between target programs and instrumented information flow tracking code. We have implemented LIFT on a dynamic binary instrumentation framework on Windows. Our real-system experiments with two real-world server applications, one client application and eighteen attack benchmarks show that LIFT can effectively detect various types of security attacks. LIFT also incurs very low overhead, only 6.2% for server applications, and 3.6 times on average for seven SPEC INT2000 applications. Our dynamic optimizations are very effective in reducing the overhead by a factor of 5-12 times.
Failure to attain stretched penile length after intracavernosal injection of a vasodilator agent is predictive of veno-occlusive dysfunction on penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography.

Summary Penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) assesses the etiology of erectile dysfunction. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) are common PDDU parameters. We assessed whether stretched penile length (SPL) in the flaccid state and measured penile length at peak erection after intracavernosal injection (ICI) of a vasodilator during PDDU correlated with the etiology of erectile dysfunction. We performed a retrospective review of 93 patients who underwent PDDU for erectile dysfunction. Normal and stretched penile length were measured, both at a flaccid state prior to ICI and at peak erection during PDDU. Collected data included patient demographics, vascular, and anatomic parameters. The mean age was 52 years. SPL was equivalent to peak penile length after ICI in 60 patients (65%, group 1) and did not match in 33 (35%, group 2). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of flaccid, stretched, and post-ICI erect penile lengths, IIEF score, PSV, percent rigidity or tumescence, and vasodilator dose used. Patients in group 2 had less of a change in penile length from flaccid to erect state (36% vs. 44%, p = 0.02), higher EDV (12.0 vs. 8.5, p = 0.041), lower RI (0.6 vs. 1.0, p = 0.046), and more veno-occlusive dysfunction (82% vs. 53%, p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, failure to reach maximum SPL at peak ICI erection (OR 2.255, CI 1.191–4.271, p = 0.0126), EDV (OR 1.281, CI 1.115–1.471, p < 0.001) and RI (OR 0.694, CI 0.573–0.723, p = 0.009) predicted veno-occlusive dysfunction. Failure to reach maximal SPL during PDDU using ICI with a vasodilator agent predicted veno-occlusive dysfunction, which is independent of both penile rigidity and tumescence. This measurement could serve as another diagnostic tool for predicting veno-occlusive dysfunction when PDDU is not readily available. Limitations include the subjective nature of penile measurements and different PGE1 doses used.
Comparison of Three Methods for Extraction of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis DNA for Polymerase Chain Reaction from Broth-Based Culture Systems:

Conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to measure the recovery of DNA from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) extracted with 3 different methods (MagMAX™, DNeasy®, and phenol-chloroform) after growth in a broth-based culture system. Of the 304 samples tested, bacterial DNA was detected in 197 (65%) of samples after MagMAX, 156 (51%) after phenol-chloroform, and 123 (40%) after DNeasy extractions. By acid-fast stain, 177 (58%) of the samples yielded acid-fast–positive bacilli, of which 4 were PCR negative by the 3 extraction methods. The results demonstrated that the amplifiable MAP DNA, as evidenced by the number of PCR-positive cultures and amplicon intensity on ethidium bromide–stained agarose gel, was best for MagMAX, intermediate for phenol-chloroform, and least for DNeasy. When subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction, the MagMAX extracts produced the best results, thereby making it an excellent kit for the efficient extraction of MAP DN...
Network structure and minimum degree

Abstract Social network researchers have long sought measures of network cohesion, Density has often been used for this purpose, despite its generally admitted deficiencies. An approach to network cohesion is proposed that is based on minimum degree and which produces a sequence of subgraphs of gradually increasing cohesion. The approach also associates with any network measures of local density which promise to be useful both in characterizing network structures and in comparing networks.
Man, water, and global sea level

I'd like to call attention to an anthropogenic influence on global sea level change. Although far less interesting for geophysicists who study natural processes, the phenomenon in question has made a significant difference, and hence ought to be taken into account in the sea level budget. Observational evidence shows that the global sea level has risen at the rate of 1.6–2 mm/yr for the last several decades [e.g., Trupin and Wahr, 1990; Douglas, 1991]. How much of [the rise] results from natural fluctuation, how much is anthropogenic, and what are the sources and mechanisms of the rise are among the key questions asked in this era of concerns about enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming. Presumably, as the global temperature rises, the sea level will rise for two reasons: thermal expansion (the steric change), and addition of water (the eustatic change). A primary candidate for the source of the latter is melting land ice in the form of polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers. Practically nothing useful is known about the present-day mass balance of the polar ice [Zwally, 1989; Douglas et al., 1990]. The best estimate for the rate of mountain glacier mass wastage, based on scanty data, amounts to a contribution of 0.46 (±.26) mm/yr of higher sea level between 19007ndash;1961 [Meier, 1984].
Effect of intravenously administered immune globulin on functional antibody to herpes simplex virus in low birth weight neonates

D'apres les etudes immunologiques et pharmacocinetiques realisees chez 28 prematures, les taux de cytotoxicite cellulaire dependante des anticorps antivirus herpes simplex (cca-VHS) peuvent etre prevus d'apres la cinetique des IgG et le titre initial ccA des immunoglobulines injectees en intraveineuses (IGIV). Discussion de la valeur preventive et therapeutique de ces preparations d'IGIV selon leur titre protecteur
A β-glucan inhibitable zymosan receptor on channel catfish neutrophils

In mice and humans zymosan binds to the complement receptor three/Mac-1 receptor; however, identification of this receptor in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has not been accomplished. Soluble fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated β-glucan, a component of zymosan, was found to bind to channel catfish anterior kidney (AK) neutrophils but not to B-lymphocytes. Serum activated zymosan (SAZ)-mediated chemiluminescence responses of channel catfish AK neutrophils could be inhibited by β-glucan but not by mannan, and inhibition of chemiluminescence responses by β-glucan was dose dependent. Similarly, phagocytosis of FITC-SAZ could be inhibited by β-glucan in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of channel catfish AK neutrophils with various concentrations of trypsin resulted in inhibition of phagocytosis of FITC-SAZ but not of Aeromonas hydrophila indicating that A. hydrophila phagocytosis was mediated by a trypsin-resistant receptor. Deleting serum or using heat-inactivated serum in the mixtures for the chemiluminescence and FITC-SAZ phagocytosis assays resulted in baseline readings. These data indicate that the β-glucan component of zymosan is responsible for zymosan phagocytosis. Furthermore, the recognition of zymosan by a specific receptor is evident based on trypsin sensitivity assays. Based on these results it is proposed that a complement receptor 3, Mac-1-like receptor, is present on channel catfish AK neutrophils.
Individual control of electric lighting in a daylit space

Participants (N=40) occupied a glare-free, daylit office laboratory for 1 day, and were prompted every 30 min to use dimming control over electric lighting to choose their preferred light level. Illuminances and luminances were recorded before and after each control opportunity; luminance maps were generated using a calibrated, high-dynamic range digital camera. Although there was a wide variation in chosen light levels between individuals, results showed a significant negative correlation between prevailing desktop illuminance and change in dimmer setting. This indicates that, from the perspective of occupants, daylight does displace electric lighting. Surprisingly, we did not find any luminance-based measure that was as good a predictor of participant dimmer choice as illuminance measured on the desktop. On average, manual dimming control in this situation reduced energy use for lighting by 25% compared to a fixed system delivering 500lx of electric lighting on the desktop.
Memes in digital culture

Limor Shifman's Memes in digital culture expertly contextualizes, theorizes, and historicizes online memes within a broader sociocultural framework. It is an enjoyable and comprehensive text that s...
Targeting monoamine oxidase A in advanced prostate cancer.

Purpose Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine, are commonly used to treat neurological conditions including depression. Recently, we and others identified high expression of MAOA in normal basal prostatic epithelium and high-grade primary prostate cancer (PCa). In contrast, MAOA is low in normal secretory prostatic epithelium and low-grade PCa. An irreversible inhibitor of MAOA, clorgyline, induced secretory differentiation in primary cultures of normal basal epithelial cells and high-grade PCa. Furthermore, clorgyline inhibited several oncogenic pathways in PCa cells, suggesting clinical value of MAOA inhibitors as a pro-differentiation and anti-oncogenic therapy for high-risk PCa. Here, we extended our studies to a model of advanced PCa, VCaP cells, which were derived from castration-resistant metastatic PCa and express a high level of MAOA.
A two-step technique for MRI audio enhancement using dictionary learning and wavelet packet analysis

We present a method for speech enhancement of data collected in extremely noisy environments, such as those found during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We propose a twostep algorithm to perform this noise suppression. First, we use probabilistic latent component analysis to learn dictionaries of the noise and speech+noise portions of the data and use these to factor the noisy spectrum into estimated speech and noise components. Second, we apply a wavelet packet analysis in conjunction with a wavelet threshold that minimizes the KL divergence between the estimated speech and noise to achieve further noise suppression. Based on both objective and subjective assessments, we find that our algorithm significantly outperforms traditional techniques such as nLMS, while not requiring prior knowledge or periodicity of the noise waveforms that current state-of-the-art algorithms require. Index Terms: rtMRI, noise suppression, wavelets, pLCA, dictionary learning.
Synthesis of long-chain alkyl and alkenyl bromides

Long-chain alkyl and alkenyl bromides are obtained in quantitative yields by the reaction of methane-sulfonates with anhydrous magnesium bromide in absolute ether; cis-trans isomerization of double bonds does not occur.
Photocurrent response of B12As2 crystals to blue light, and its temperature- dependent electrical characterizations

With the global shortage of 3He gas, researchers worldwide are looking for alternative materials for detectingneutrons. Among the candidate materials, semiconductors are attractive because of their light weight and ease in handling. Currently, we are looking into the suitability of boron arsenide (B12As2) for this specific application. As the first step in evaluating the material qualitatively, the photo-response of B12As2bulk crystals to light with different wavelengths was examined. The crystals showed photocurrent response to a band of 407- and 470- nm blue light. The maximum measured photoresponsivity and the photocurrent density at 0.7 V for 470 nm blue light at room temperature were 0.25 A ⋅ W−1 and 2.47 mA ⋅ cm−2, respectively. In addition to photo current measurements, the electrical properties as a function of temperature (range: 50-320 K) were measured. Reliable data were obtained for the low-temperature I-V characteristics, the temperature dependence of dark current and its density, and the resistivity variations with temperature in B12As2bulk crystals. The experiments showed an exponential dependence on temperature for the dark current,current density, and resistivity; these three electrical parameters, respectively, had a variation of a few nA to μA, 1-100 μA ⋅ cm−2 and 7.6x105-7.7x103 Ω ⋅ cm, for temperature increasing from 50 K to 320 K. The results from this study reported the first photoresponse and demonstrated that B12As2 is a potential candidate for thermal-neutron detectors.
Raman Characterization of Strained GaNyAs1-y and InxGa1-xNyAs1-y Epilayers

Pseudomorphically strained epitaxial films of the ternary alloy GaNyAs1-y have been grown on GaAs(100) with y ranging from 0 to 0.05. The optical phonon Raman spectrum of the alloy displays a two-mode behavior. The GaAs-like first order modes are represented at y = 0.05 by the strong longitudinal optic (LO1) mode at 288.5 cm−1 and the weaker transverse optic (TO1) mode at 268.3 cm−1, while the GaN-like LO2 mode is observed at 474.8 cm−1. Two very broad disorder-induced acoustic bands are evident at 80 and 170 cm−1 due to atomic disorder within the crystalline network. Raman studies show that as the nitrogen concentration increases, the GaAs-like LO1 band shifts linearly towards lower wavenumber while the GaN-like LO2 phonon band displays a sub-linear increase in wavenumber. Raman results for the unstrained quaternary alloy In0.06Ga0.94N0.02As0.98 are compared with those of GaN0.02As0.98.
Adsorption, Desorption, and Removal of Polymeric Nanomedicine on and from Cellulose Surfaces: Effect of Size

The increased production and commercial use of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems combined with a lack of regulation to govern their disposal may result in their introduction to soils and ultimately into groundwater systems. To better understand how such particles interact with environmentally significant interfaces, we study the adsorption, desorption, and removal behavior of poly(ethylene glycol)-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems on and from cellulose, which is the most common organic compound on Earth. It is shown that such an adsorption process is only partially reversible, and most of the adsorbate particles do not desorb from the cellulose surface even upon rinsing with a large amount of water. The rate constant of adsorption decreases with increasing particle size. Furthermore, hydrodynamic forces acting parallel to the surfaces are found to be of great importance in the context of particle dynamics near the cellulose surface, and ultimately responsible for the removal of some fraction of particles via rolling or sliding. As the particle size increases, the removal rates of the particles increase for a given hydrodynamical condition.
Changes in bay circulation in an evolving multiple inlet system

Abstract Observations and numerical model (ADCIRC) simulations are used to quantify the changes in circulation within the evolving, shallow, two-inlet tidal Katama system, Martha's Vineyard, MA. From 2011 to 2013, Katama Inlet, connecting Katama Bay to the Atlantic, became 5 times longer, 1/3 as wide, and 1/3 as deep as the inlet migrated and rotated. This morphological evolution caused a significant loss of energy throughout Katama Bay and Edgartown Channel, which connects the bay to Vineyard Sound. The decrease in energy as the inlet evolved between 2011 and 2013 was not monotonic. Model simulations suggest bathymetric changes caused by Hurricane Irene (August 2011) resulted in a temporary increase in circulation energy throughout the inlets and bay. Changes in the M4 and M6 tidal constituents, harmonics of the primary M2 tidal forcing, suggest the changes in the observed circulation patterns primarily were owing to changes in friction, and not to changes in advection resulting from the evolving inlet location, orientation, or geometry, consistent with previous results.
Saccular aneurysm of the azygos anterior cerebral artery.

A 42-year-old man developed severe headache and meningismus. CT of the brain showed a left frontal lobe hematoma and intraventricular hemorrhage. Left internal carotid angiography showed an azygos anterior cerebral artery with an elongated, lobular aneurysm arising at its ramification
NEURALLY REGULATED CHANGES IN ELECTROLYTE AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF RAT SALIVARY GLANDS DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how electrolyte and protein levels of rat salivary glands get neutrally regulated during postnatal development. The gland levels can be prematurely increased if the paratoid (PA) of the neonate is chronically stimulated with isoproterenol (ISO) for several days before weaning. A precocious increase in amylase occurs, which is accompanied by accelerated maturation of acinar cells—involving an increase in size of these cells and an increase in size of the whole gland. Unlike the preweaning period, amylase synthesis does not proceed apace with an increase in protoplasmic mass. The ISO-induced effects in the postweaning PA are very similar to those seen in adult PA, and the magnitude of increase in DNA in ISO-treated adult PA and ISO-treated postweaning PA are similar.
High-throughput synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline porphyrinic zirconium metal–organic frameworks

We describe and employ a high-throughput screening method to accelerate the synthesis and identification of pure-phase, nanocrystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). We demonstrate the efficacy of this method through its application to a series of porphyrinic zirconium MOFs, resulting in the isolation of MOF-525, MOF-545, and PCN-223 on the nanoscale.
The design of a gas chromatograph for computer controlled operation

This paper describes the design of a computer controlled gas chromatograph system, using the Model F30 chromatograph which has been designed from the outset to use digital controls for computer compatibility. The system is an extension of an existing gas chromatograph data handling computer system, which is able to control one or more chromatographs. The chromatograph control settings must be defined by data transferred from the computer, whilst various chromatograph error signals are transmitted back to the computer. An account is given of the design of an electronic system to implement chromatograph control, consistent with efficient use of the computer time. The operator communicates with the system by means of a teletype conversation in which values for the control settings are requested and supplied. After a G. C. analysis the teletype prints a report, which also notifies any control irregularities.