cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF DENSE BODY, AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLE, AND ACID PHOSPHATASE-BEARING PARTICLE POPULATIONS DURING THE EARLY PHASES OF GLUCAGON-INDUCED AUTOPHAGY IN RAT LIVER

Quantitative characterization of dense body, autophagic vacuole and acid phosphatase-bearing particle populations of rat liver have been made at 10 min intervals during the first 50 min following the intraperitoneal administration of glucagon. Beginning 10 to 20 min postinjection, increases in the number of autophagic vacuoles and in the osmotic sensitivity of acid phosphatase-bearing particles were observed, associated with a progressive disappearance of dense bodies. These changes appeared to reach a maximum 50 min after treatment. The average volume of autophagic vacuoles was found to be 440–870% greater than that of normal dense bodies during this time period. No consistent change in total acid phosphatase activity was noted. A detailed study of autophagic vacuole profile populations revealed the presence of five different types of profiles, two of which, types I and II, accounted for 76.3–94.4% of the profiles examined. Type I profiles primarily contained elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and ground cytoplasm. Type II profiles had mitochondrial profiles as their principal constituent, but endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes were also seen. At all time points type I profiles predominated, comprising 55–69% of the profiles found. Both profile types were bounded by single and double limiting membranes, the former being predominate. A time-dependent change in the ratio of single to double membrane-limited profiles could not be demonstrated. Morphometric parameters derived from profile size distributions indicated that the number of types I and II autophagic vacuoles increased with time, the rate being greater for the type II particle, except between 40 and 50 min. The average volume of the type II autophagic vacuole was consistently greater than that of the type I.
Group Duration Analysis of the Proportional Hazard Model: Minimum Chi-squared Estimators and Specification Tests

Abstract This article develops a semiparametric, minimum chi-squared estimation method of the proportional hazard model for the case when durations are grouped and covariates are categorical. The proposed estimator is easy to compute, yet asymptotically as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimator. This article also suggests simple specification tests for the proportional hazard model. If proportionality holds, then two sets of minimum chi-squared estimators, one from a further grouped data and the other from the original grouped data, will converge to the same quantity; otherwise, they will not. Therefore, a test of the equality of these two sets of estimators will offer a test for proportionality. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the performance of these estimators and specification tests. In addition, two real data applications illustrate the implementation of the suggested methods and the contexts in which these methods are useful.
The extracellular glycoprotein SPARC interacts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB and -BB and inhibits the binding of PDGF to its receptors

Interactions among growth factors, cells, and extracellular matrix are critical to the regulation of directed cell migration and proliferation associated with development, wound healing, and pathologic processes. Here we report the association of PDGF-AB and -BB, but not PDGF-AA, with the extracellular glycoprotein SPARC. Complexes of SPARC and 125I-labeled PDGF-BB or -AB were specifically immunoprecipitated by anti-SPARC immunoglobulins. 125I-PDGF-BB and -AB also bound specifically to SPARC that was immobilized on microtiter wells or bound to nitrocellulose after transfer from SDS/polyacrylamide gels. The binding of PDGF-BB to SPARC was pH-dependent; significant binding was detectable only above pH 6.6. The interaction of SPARC with specific dimeric forms of PDGF affected the activity of this mitogen. SPARC inhibited the binding of PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, but not PDGF-AA, to human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of SPARC and PDGF was minimal in most normal adult tissues but was increased after injury. Enhanced expression of both PDGF-B chain and SPARC was seen in advanced lesions of atherosclerosis. We suggest that the coordinate expression of SPARC and PDGF-B-containing dimers following vascular injury may regulate the activity of specific dimeric forms of PDGF in vivo.
Beverage Consumption and Adult Weight Management: A Review

Total energy consumption among United States adults has increased in recent decades, and energy-containing beverages are a significant contributor to this increase. Because beverages are less satiating than solid foods, consumption of energy-containing beverages may increase energy intake and lead to weight gain; trends in food and beverage consumption coinciding with increases in overweight and obesity support this possibility. The purpose of this review is to present what is known about the effect of beverage consumption on short-term (i.e., meal) energy intake, as well as longer-term effects on body weight. Specific beverages addressed include water, other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea), and energy-containing beverages (soft drinks, juices and juice drinks, milk and soy beverages, alcohol). Existing evidence, albeit limited, suggests that encouraging water consumption, and substituting water and other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea) for energy-containing beverages may facilitate weight management. Energy-containing beverages acutely increase energy intake, however long-term effects on body weight are uncertain. While there may be health benefits for some beverage categories, additional energy provided by beverages should be compensated for by reduced consumption of other foods in the diet.
The effect of variations of half-widths upon outgoing radiation in a small water vapor spectral interval

Recent high resolution laser spectroscopy, applied to the vibration-rotation spectrum of water vapor, indicates that half-widths involving high values of the rotational quantum numbers are in disagreement with corresponding half-widths determined theoretically. The present calculation compares atsmospheric transmission results and outgoing intensity obtained from theoretically determined values with those obtained using the recently available laser spectroscopy data. For a zenith angle of zero degrees, the atmospheric transmission and outgoing intensity are found to be 8.35% and 10.25 ergs cm ?2 sec ?1 ster ?1 , respectively, for the theoretically determined values, while the laser spectroscopy values increase the transmission and outgoing intensity to 10.0% and 10.74 ergs cm 2 sec ?1 ster ?1 . The preseent calculations are restricted to a narrow spectral region extending from 1 877.15 cm ?1 to 1 880.00 cm ?1 in the neighborhood of the experimental spectroscopy measurements. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00632.x
Self-discovery and orientation of a randomly distributed cognitive beamforming array

This paper introduces the MARCO POLO Algorithm (MPA) that uses wireless discovery and control signals from a Master Control Node (MCN) with a cognitive engine to learn the relative location and orientation of a randomly distributed set of array elements. The elements are then synchronized and instructed to apply appropriate magnitude and phase offsets to collectively radiate as an array with beamforming capability. Unlike conventional discovery algorithms, MARCO POLO does not assume any a priori information about the array elements, does not rely on reference beacons, and works without GPS. With this algorithm, sensor nodes can be placed around the periphery of a complex enclosure, such as a vehicle, aircraft, or building and then self-organize into a distributed array with no wired connectivity.
Comparative study of equilibrated and unequilibrated eucrites: Subsolidus thermal histories of Haraiya and Pasamonte

Thermal histories of non-cumulate eucrites, Pasamonte and Haraiya, were determined from Ca/(Ca + Fe + Mg) profiles of host/lamellae pyroxene pairs, from compositional profiles of pyroxene rims affected by metasomatism, and from lamellae thicknesses using a rate law for lamellar coarsening. Pasamonte, a Type 2 eucrite, experienced "partial" equilibration during a relatively short period of thermal annealing. This equilibration is expressed texturally by metasomatized rims in Mg-rich and Fe-rich pyroxene grains and by coarsening of nanometer-scale exsolution lamellae. A cooling rate of ∼10 - 2 °C/day corresponds to post-impact mixing and reburial of the polymict Pasamonte assemblage to a depth similar to that of the initial lava flow. Haraiya, a Type 7 eucrite, has experienced a complex thermal history involving multiple brecciation events and mixing of a single flow to produce a monomict assemblage containing clasts of variable grain size and texture. A period of thermal annealing, ∼50000 years in duration at temperatures between -1000 and 700 °C, corresponding to a cooling rate of ∼10 - 4 to 10 - 5 °C/day, produced augite exsolution up to 3 μm thick in pigeonite. Rapid burial by successive flows during a period of high magma productivity and high heat flow due to 2 6 Al decay in the crust and mantle was a possible source of heat for metamorphism in the lower crust. However, cooling rates during relaxation of the lower crustal thermal gradient are much less than the mineralogically determined cooling rates. Heat derived from impact or from mid- to upper-crustal level intrusions is a plausible heat source for metamorphism and is consistent with observed cooling rates.
Velocity Selector for Atomic Rays

The description of an apparatus for selecting atoms of particular velocities from atomic and molecular rays is given. The theory of the action of the apparatus is outlined and the characteristics of expected spectrum-like images are discussed. An atomic ray on its way towards a chemically active target is conveyed through two vibrating slits at a distance D apart. The vibrations are controlled by the oscillating current of an electron tube. The emerging ray contains selected velocities. For very small ratios of the width w of vibration to the amplitude of the slit a, the selected velocities are determined by vn=2Df/n where f is the frequency of vibration and n=0, 1, 2, 3, etc. For larger w/a ratio a great number of velocity bands are obtained each embracing a range vn′-vn″=2Df[1n-w/2πa-1n+w/2πa]When used in connection with the Gerlach and Stern magnetic moment analyzer, images should be obtained consisting of n pairs of lines, whose thickness is dn=14Mm(δHδS)0l2D2nf2wπa(K+12)An example for a hydrogen atom ray at 500° K is calculated.
Autoantibody recognition of distinctly modified forms of the U1-70-kd antigen is associated with different clinical disease manifestations

Objective To examine whether autoantibody recognition of modified forms of the U1–70-kd RNP antigen correlates with manifestations of rheumatic disease. Methods Blinded to clinical disease manifestations, sera from 27 rheumatic disease patients with U1–70-kd antibodies were used to immunoblot control, apoptotic, and oxidatively modified HeLa cell lysates. Using densitometry, recognition of antigen fragments was quantitated. The presence or absence of 1) lupus skin disease and 2) Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was determined for each patient by chart review. The ability of patient sera to recognize the different fragments was compared for patients with and without skin disease and with and without RP. Results Patients with lupus skin disease had higher recognition of apoptotic U1–70 kd than did patients without skin disease (mean ± SD fragment recognition index [FRI] 1.35 ± 0.57 versus 0.95 ± 0.25; P < 0.024, by Student's t-test). Patients with RP had higher recognition of oxidatively modified U1–70 kd than did patients without RP (mean ± SD FRI 0.95 ± 0.80 versus 0.24 ± 0.22; P < 0.048). Conclusion Recognition of apoptotically and oxidatively modified forms of the U1–70-kd autoantigen are associated with distinct clinical rheumatic disease manifestations. This finding provides in vivo evidence for the hypothesis that immune recognition of modified forms of self antigens may be relevant to the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Understanding the antigenic modifications to which patients react may help predict the expression of rheumatic syndromes.
Data-driven topology estimation

This paper is motivated by major needs for fast and accurate on-line data analysis tools in the emerging electric energy systems, due to the recent penetration of distributed green energy, distributed intelligence, and plug-in electric vehicles. Instead of taking the traditional complex physical model based approach, this paper proposes a data-driven method, leading to an effective topology estimation approach for the smart grid. Specifically, we first introduce the data-driven topology estimation problem. Then, a novel Logistic Kernel Regression is proposed in a Bayesian framework based on Nearest Neighbors search. Notably, unlike many machine learning approaches that do not account for physical constraints, and distinctive from deterministic engineering modeling defined solely by physical laws, this paper for the first time combines the two into one single regression modeling for topology estimation. Simulation results of the proposed method show that the new method produces a topology estimate excelling the current industrial approach. Finally, the proposed method can be implemented given recent advances in machine learning, which are becoming drivers and sources of data previously unavailable in the electric power industry.
Soricids (Mammalia, Insectivora) from the Blufftop Local Fauna, Blancan Ringold Formation of Central Washington, and the correlation of Ringold Formation faunas

ABSTRACT Two species of soricid insectivores, Paracryptotis rex and Sorex powersi, are the first soricids to be reported from the Ringold Formation. They make up a portion of a new stratigraphically separate local fauna, the Blufftop local fauna, from the upper part of the White Bluffs, Franklin County, Washington. This fauna occurs at a stratigraphic position near a paleomagnetic boundary, which has been interpreted as the Gauss-Gilbert boundary but may be an older boundary within the Gilbert. Compared to other Ringold Formation local faunas, the Blufftop l.f. is older than the Taunton l.f. (which on new evidence is closer in age to the Hagerman l.f. of Idaho) and is similar to the underlying White Bluffs local fauna.
Development of an electrically switched ion exchange process for selective ion separations

The electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) process, being developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, provides an alternative separation method to selectively remove ions from process and waste streams. In the ESIX process, in which an electroactive ion exchange film is deposited onto a high surface area electrode, uptake and elution are controlled directly by modulating the electrochemical potential of the film. This paper addresses engineering issues necessary to fully develop ESIX for specific industrial alkali cation separation challenges. The cycling and chemical stability and alkali cation selectivity of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) electroactive films were investigated. The selectivity of NiHCF was determined using cyclic voltammetry and a quartz crystal microbalance to quantify ion uptake in the film. Separation factors indicated a high selectivity for cesium and a moderate selectivity for potassium in high sodium content solutions. A NiHCF film with improved redox cycling and chemical stability in a simulated pulp mill process stream, a targeted application for ESIX, was also prepared and tested.
Medical Oncologists' Views on Communicating With Patients About Chemotherapy Costs: A Pilot Survey

Purpose As chemotherapy costs escalate, financial concerns have become relevant for more cancer patients. Yet, little is known about how oncologists communicate with patients about coping with chemotherapy treatment costs. Methods To understand how medical oncologists view these issues, we developed a survey eliciting their attitudes and behaviors surrounding discussing costs of therapy in the context of treatment decision making. The survey was piloted at a national meeting and then mailed to a random sample of actively practicing 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology members in the 50 United States. Survey items used a 5-point Likert scale designed to elicit oncologists' practices and attitudes regarding discussion of chemotherapy costs with patients. The first survey wave also included two clinical vignettes about hypothetical patients contemplating treatment with high-cost regimens. Results Of 530 mailed surveys, 167 were returned for an overall response rate of 31.5%. Most oncologists reported k...
Diameter-Controlled Czochralski Growth of Silicon Crystals

A thermal-capillary dynamic model for Czochralski (Cz) growth of silicon single crystal is presented that accounts for convection in the melt, conduction in the crystal, and radiation from the melt free surface and crystal. The shapes of the crystal/melt interface, moving crystal, and free surface are governed by the balance of energy and stresses. Decrease of the melt volume as the crystal is grown is also considered. A control algorithm based on the adjustment of the pull rate and/or crucible wall temperature has been developed. The diameter of the crystal can remain constant or vary with time based on the strategies implemented to control the growth process
A family tree for heavyweights.

A close kinship of whales to hoofed mammals, and to hippopotamuses in particular, is discussed in two articles in the issue of 21 Sept., “The ancestry of whales,” a Perspective by K. D. Rose (p. [2216][1]), and a Report, “Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan” by P. D. Gingerich, M. ul Haq, I. S. Zalmout, I. Hussain Khan, and M. Sadiq Malkani (p. [2239][2]). This is not a new idea. Rather, it is a vindication of the earliest explicitly phylogenetic classification of mammals. In 1866, the pioneering evolutionary biologist Ernst Haeckel classified the order Cetacea (in which he also included the sirenians) and the order Ungulata (with Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla as suborders) together under his legion Pycnoderma ([1][3]). In his formal classification, the hippos were placed as family Obesa, which, along with the pigs, anthracotheres, and their close allies, comprised section Choeromorpha under the suborder Artiodactyla. However, in his phylogenetic tree of the Mammalia (Plate VIII), he depicts the Cetacea and the Obesa as sister taxa; this whale-hippo clade was, in turn, the sister taxon to the clade containing the pigs and anthracotheres. Later, Haeckel abandoned this phylogeny and considered the origin of whales questionable ([2][4]). Most subsequent cetologists dismissed or ignored the possibility of a relationship between whales and ungulates until the idea was revived by molecular biologists in the late 20th century. 1. [↵][5]1. E. Haeckel , Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1866). 2. [↵][6]1. E. Haeckel , Systematische Phylogenie, Dritter Theil (Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1895). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1065305 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1063902 [3]: #ref-1 [4]: #ref-2 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text"
Epitaxial GaP by a semi-sealed dip process for high efficiency red LED's

A semi-sealed dip process has been used to grow Zn-O doped GaP layers for high efficiency red LED's. A close fitting floating quartz plug is used to prevent volatilization of Zn, Ga2O, and GaP during saturation. Double epitaxial layers with efficiencies as high as 8. 0% have been grown by this process.
Discrete state-space modeling for linear n th-order constant coefficient distributed-parameter systems

A systematic procedure is developed for state-space modeling and solving the dynamic behavior of any linearn order constant coefficient distributed-parameter system with two or more independent variables. The state-space model is a set of first-order linear difference equations and is also referred to as a discrete multidimensional state-space model. Transformation of a continuous distributed-parameter system into a discrete state-space model is based on the multidimensional Laplace-bilinear mapping technique. A procedure is outlined for converting the initial and boundary conditions of the system into a set of discrete conditions appropriate for the statespace model. Convergence of the state-space model's solution to the exact solution depends on the sampling rates of the independent variables and the ratio of increments. A few examples when state-space modeling of a distributed-parameter system is useful are: to estimate optimal feedback or optimal feedforward gains in active control applications; model reference optimal-distributed tracking systems; optimal tracking of desired trajectories; realtime system identification.
THE DIAGONAL OF A POINTED COALGEBRA AND INCIDENCE-LIKE STRUCTURE

Vector space decompositions of a pointed coalgebra C over a field reflecting properties of its diagonal map are used by Sweedler [11] to classify the coalgebra, by Heyneman and Radford ([6], [10]) to discuss coreflexivity, and by Taft and Wilson (e.g. [13]) to obtain results about Hopf algebras from the underlying coalgebra. However, this type of structure has been classified in full only in specific cases, and the behavior of the diagonal on a general pointed coalgebra is known only to the extent obtained in the above. Using the structure of the first term of the coradical filtration (cf. [10], [11], [13]), Taft and Wilson [13] gave a vector-space decomposition yielding some information about the highest-weight terms in the diagonal (cf. 1.3 below). In addition, the complete structure of the diagonal is known for incidence coalgebras (on a partially-ordered set), and for those coalgebras which are a sum of their pointed irreducible components (PIC's). Subsequently, other papers have treated the structure of coalgebras from other points of view In this paper, the result of Taft and Wilson is refined to obtain a generalization of the PIC case (2.4 and 2.6), which agrees with the natural structure in the case of incidence coalgebras. Further refinements (3.1 and 3.6) are obtained by the use of certain invariants of the coalgebra, yielding a characterization of PIC coalgebras (3.2).
Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Placenta and Endosperm in Developing Maize Kernels in Response to Water Deficit

The early post-pollination phase of maize (Zea mays) development is particularly sensitive to water deficit stress. Using cDNA microarray, we studied transcriptional profiles of endosperm and placenta/pedicel tissues in developing maize kernels under water stress. At 9 d after pollination (DAP), placenta/pedicel and endosperm differed considerably in their transcriptional responses. In placenta/pedicel, 79 genes were significantly affected by stress and of these 89% were up-regulated, whereas in endosperm, 56 genes were significantly affected and 82% of these were down-regulated. Only nine of the stress-regulated genes were in common between these tissues. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that different sets of genes were regulated in the two tissues. After rewatering at 9 DAP, profiles at 12 DAP suggested that two regulons exist, one for genes responding specifically to concurrent imposition of stress, and another for genes remaining affected after transient stress. In placenta, genes encoding recognized stress tolerance proteins, including heat shock proteins, chaperonins, and major intrinsic proteins, were the largest class of genes regulated, all of which were up-regulated. In contrast, in endosperm, genes in the cell division and growth category represented a large class of down-regulated genes. Several cell wall-degrading enzymes were expressed at lower levels than in controls, suggesting that stress delayed normal advance to programmed cell death in the central endosperm. We suggest that the responsiveness of placenta to whole-plant stress factors (water potential, abscisic acid, and sugar flux) and of endosperm to indirect factors may play key roles in determining the threshold for kernel abortion.
Morphologic and histochemical demonstration of protein in gastric surface epithelium in protein-losing gastropathies.

Protein droplets have been found in damaged gastric surface epithelium in various gastropathies, in the majority of which plasma protein loss into the gastric lumen is known to occur. The droplets, which are believed to contain plasma protein and hemoglobin, may represent the pathway by which plasma proteins are transported from stromal blood vessels through the mucosa into the gastric lumen. The significance of the hemoglobin in the droplets is not known, but significant leakage of this compound may also take place in gastropathies although this phenomenon has not been as well documented as the plasma protein loss.
Increased intracellular cyclic GMP does not correlate with protein discharge from pancreatic acinar cells.

THE pancreatic acinar cell discharges secretory proteins in response to cholecystokinin–pancreozymin (CCK–PZ) and its analogues, or to cholinergic agonists such as carbamylcholine (carbachol). The mechanisms for stimulus–secretion coupling in the acinar cell are not known, although intracellular and, to some extent, extracellular Ca2+ are required1–4, and a transient 10- to 20-fold increase in intracellular levels of guanosine cyclic 3′5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) accompanies onset of induced discharge5,6. It has been proposed5 that cyclic GMP may be a direct mediator of hormone-stimulated discharge, with the Ca2+-dependent event either causing, or being caused by, increases in cyclic GMP7,8. To test this hypothesis, we have monitored the effects of several substances on secretory protein discharge and intracellular cyclic GMP levels in guinea pig pancreatic acini. Our results, reported here, are not consistent with a role for cyclic GMP in a direct causative pathway leading to discharge, as four of the compounds tested (N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), sodium nitrite, hydroxyl-amine and sodium nitroprusside) elevated levels of cyclic GMP but did not trigger discharge, although acini treated with these agents remained competent to respond to natural secretagogues. Conversely, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) did not affect cyclic GMP levels, but did elicit discharge. In contrast to observations on cyclic GMP, the requirement for extracellular Ca2+ correlated well with discharge. Our findings therefore do not support the hypothesis that cyclic GMP is directly involved in stimulus–secretion coupling, but are consistent with such a role for Ca2+. A preliminary report of this work has appeared9.
Everyday Modernity in China. Madeleine Yue Dong and Joshua Goldstein, eds

(2007). Everyday Modernity in China. Madeleine Yue Dong and Joshua Goldstein, eds. Eurasian Geography and Economics: Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 377-379.
A new sub‐nanosecond spectral ellipsometer for shock physics applications

Detecting phase changes in dynamically loaded materials at pressures up into the megabar regime is among the top challenges in shock physics. Probing the electronic band structure by means of spectral ellipsometry is one of the possible solutions to this problem. For this purpose a fast spectral ellipsometer in the spectral range from 500 to 2000 nm is developed currently in the Physics Division of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper discusses some of the most prominent difficulties associated with shock physics experiments, including sample movement, roughening of the sample surface after shock breakout and a change of index of refraction due to compression of transparent anvils often used in this kind of experiments. The layout of the instrument and its main components (light source, detectors and polarization measurement components) will be described as well as simulated spectra in order to get an understanding of the main contributions to measurement uncertainties. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Comparison of DBD Plasma Actuators for Low Reynolds Number Separation Control

This paper presents experimental work comparing several Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator configurations for low Reynolds number separation control. Actuators studied here are being investigated for use in a closed loop separation control system. The plasma actuators were fabricated in the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate’s thin film laboratory and applied to a low Reynolds number airfoil that exhibits similar suction surface behavior to those observed on Low Pressure (LP) Turbine blades. In addition to typical asymmetric arrangements producing downstream jets, one electrode configurations was designed to produce an array of off axis jets, and one produced a spanwise array of linear vertical jets in order to generate vorticity and improved boundary layer to freestream mixing. The actuators were installed on an airfoil and their performance compared by flow visualization, surface stress sensitive film (S3F), and drag measurements. The experimental data provides a clear picture of the potential utility of each design. Experiments were carried out at four Reynolds numbers, 1.4×105 , 1.0 × 105 , 6.0 × 104 , and 5.0 × 104 at a −1.54° angle of attack. Data was taken at the AFRL Propulsion Directorate’s Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) facility.
A comparative analysis of an MRP lot-for-lot system and a Kanban system for a multistage production operation

Japanese production methods and operational control techniques have been the subject of much recent attention from American production managers and the media. In this paper the Kanban aspect of the 'just-in-time' concept is analysed in order to ascertain the potential for scheduling in an ill-structured production operation and to compare its effectiveness with the traditional MRP lot-for-lot scheduling and control procedure. The analysis will be conducted using a hypothetical production operation that includes multiple workcentres, machines and product structures, and serial and assembly operations. Simulation model results are discussed and principles for selecting the more cost-effective system are outlined for the general MRP lot-for-lot versus Kanban scenarios.
Computerized assessment of coronary calcified plaques in CT images of a dynamic cardiac phantom

Motion artifacts in cardiac CT are an obstacle to obtaining diagnostically usable images. Although phase-specific reconstruction can produce images with improved assessability (image quality), this requires that the radiologist spend time and effort evaluating multiple image sets from reconstructions at different phases. In this study, ordinal logistic regression (OLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to automatically assign assessability to images of coronary calcified plaques obtained using a physical, dynamic cardiac phantom. 350 plaque images of 7 plaques from five data sets (heart rates 60, 60, 70, 80, 90) and ten phases of reconstruction were obtained using standard cardiac CT scanning parameters on a Phillips Brilliance 64-channel clinical CT scanner. Six features of the plaques (velocity, acceleration, edge-based volume, threshold-based volume, sphericity, and standard deviation of intensity) as well as mean feature values and heart rate were used for training the OLR and ANN in a round-robin re-sampling scheme based on training and testing groups with independent plaques. For each image, an ordinal assessability index rating on a 1-5 scale was assigned by a cardiac radiologist (D.B.) for use as a “truth” in training the OLR and ANN. The mean difference between the assessability index truth and model-predicted assessability index values was +0.111 with SD=0.942 for the OLR and +0.143 with SD=0.916 for the ANN. Comparing images from the repeat 60 bpm scans gave concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) of 0.794 [0.743, 0.837] (value, 95% CI) for the radiologist assigned values, 0.894 [0.856, 0.922] for the OLR, and 0.861 [0.818, 0.895] for the ANN. Thus, the variability of the OLR and ANN assessability index values appear to lie within the variability of the radiologist assigned values.
Mortality patterns among styrene-exposed boatbuilders

In order to test the hypothesis that leukemia and lymphoma may be associated with exposure to styrene, cause-of-death patterns were studied at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding facilities. There were 5,021 workers who met the criterion of having worked at the two plants between 1959 and 1978. Based on industrial hygiene surveys conducted at the two plants, 2,060 individuals were determined to have worked in departments classified as having high exposure to styrene. There were 176 deaths observed among the total cohort, in comparison to 195.3 deaths expected (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 90). Among the high styrene exposure group, 47 deaths were observed in comparison to 41.5 deaths expected (SMR = 113). No leukemia or lymphoma deaths were observed in either the high exposure group or the total cohort. An excess of accidental deaths among the high exposure group (18 observed vs 12.4 expected) did not appear to be due to styrene's acute central nervous system effects, since none of the individuals were employed at the facilities at the time of their death. However, the possibility of a chronic effect could not be dismissed. While leukemia and lymphoma did not appear to be related to styrene exposure, the study had little statistical power to detect excesses of these diseases, due to the short length of observation and the young age of most cohort members. It was concluded that the cohort should provide increasingly useful information on chronic styrene toxicity as the population ages and the observation period increases.
A graphical approach for evaluating response surface designs in terms of the mean squared error of prediction

One of the fundamental purposes of response surface methodology is to develop a relatively simple linear model to explain a more complex phenomenon. Since the proposed model is only an approximation, analysts almost always must address the potential of bias due to model misspecification. This article proposes a graphical approach for evaluating response surface designs in terms of the mean squared error of prediction. In particular, this article develops measures of the maximum and minimum mean squared error of prediction over the surface of spheres through a region of interest. These measures are then plotted against radius. The resulting plots reveal at a glance how a response surface design performs in the presence of model misspecification. These plots are used to investigate the performances of several common response surface designs.
Regulation of the transforming growth factor-β1 and -β3 promoters by transcription factor Spl

Abstract The promoter regions of the genes encoding the three mammalian transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3) show little similarity in sequence, suggesting diverse transcriptional control. As a step towards understanding transcriptional regulation of the individual TGF-β genes we tested each of the three TGF-β promoter regions (pTGFβ) for stimulation by the transcription factor Spl, given that several possible Spl-binding sites were identified by sequence analysis in pTGF-β1 and pTGF-β3. A Drosophila melanogaster cell culture system was employed to examine expression levels of pTGF-β::cat constructs coexpressed with an Spl expression plasmid in a cell background devoid of any Spl homolog. While both pTGF-β1 and pTGF-β3 were strongly stimulated by Spl, pTGF-β2 was completely unaffected. Promoter fragments of the TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 genes, but not TGF-β2 were able to compete for binding of Spl to DNA oligomers containing consensus Spl-binding sites. Moreover, specific binding to pTGF-β1 and pTGF-β3 fragments was seen using pure Spl or nuclear protein extracts. Thus, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 (but not TGF-β2) are regulated by the transcription factor Spl, indicating differential transcriptional regulation of genes whose protein products are functionally very similar.
Tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning: current concepts and changing trends

Organ damage or loss can occur from congenital disorders, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries or other conditions and often necessitates reconstruction or replacement. Replacement may take the form of organ transplant. At present, there is a severe shortage of donor organs that is worsening with the aging of the population. Tissue engineering follows the principles of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering towards the development of biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal tissue function. Therapeutic cloning involves the introduction of a nucleus from a donor cell into an enucleated oocyte to generate embryonic stem cell lines whose genetic material is identical to that of its source. These autologous stem cells have the potential to become almost any type of cell in the adult body, and thus would be useful in tissue and organ replacement applications. This paper reviews recent advances in stem cell research and regenerative medicine, and describes the clinical applications of these technologies as novel therapies for tissue or organ loss.
Multirange Rectifier Instruments Having the Same Scale Graduation for All Ranges

It is shown that the character of the scale in a rectifier instrument depends only upon the impedance of the network connected across the rectifier input. Combinations of single series and shunt elements are shown which enable this impedance to be constant and at the same time permit various voltage and current sensitivities. This makes possible rectifier voltmeters, ammeters, and volt-ammeters having any desired number of ranges that all accurately follow a single scale. By adding a uniform scale the usefulness of the multirange meter can be extended, and a truly universal alternating-current-direct-current instrument having good accuracy results.
Brigitte Lin Ching Hsia: last eastern star of the late twentieth century

AbstractThis article aims to explore the star status of Brigitte Lin according to the concepts pioneered by Richard Dyer in his Stars and Heavenly Bodies monographs. In contrast to most works that examine Lin's star phenomenon exclusively in terms of her Hong Kong films and ‘Invincible Asia’ role in particular, this study emphasizes the importance of her early Taiwan films made during 1972–84 as well as the transitional Taiwan films of the 1980s directed by Chu Yen Ping when the star sought to change her earlier image. It suggests that Lin was a much more active agent in this process than Tsui Hark. It concludes by noting the significance of the star's off-screen presence as commentator in two post-retirement films, one of which parallels her well-known Hong Kong star image.
TO NOD OR NOT TO NOD: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AND STATUS IN FEMALE AND MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS

Gender studies show that women and men communicate using different styles, but may use either gender style if there are situational status differences. Considering the universal gesture of head nod...
Desenvolvimento e produção de genótipos de couve manteiga

O experimento foi conduzido na casa de vegetacao no Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofisica do IAC, em Campinas-SP, de agosto a dezembro de 2008. As cultivares de couve Manteiga Sao Jose, Verde-Escura, IAC-Campinas, Orelha de Elefante e Vale das Garcas foram avaliadas a cada quatorze dias ate 126 dias apos a instalacao do experimento. As couves foram produzidas a partir de mudas. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com oito repeticoes com parcelas subdivididas para epoca de avaliacao. Foram medidos a altura media de plantas e o diâmetro do caule e colhidas todas as folhas consideradas apropriadas para comercializacao. Estas foram contadas, medidas suas areas foliares e determinadas as suas biomassas frescas e secas. Contou-se ainda o numero de brotacoes e o numero de folhas totalmente expandidas que ainda nao estavam apropriadas para colheita e determinou-se o numero total de folhas. A cultivar Vale das Garcas apresentou o maior desenvolvimento vegetativo em todas as variaveis analisadas. A 'Orelha de Elefante', por possuir folhas com area foliar especifica maiores, teve biomassas fresca e seca totais semelhantes a da Vale das Garcas embora tenha apresentado menor numero de brotacoes, de folhas colhidas e total de folhas. Concluiu-se que essas duas cultivares constituem boas alternativas para a producao de couve.
Prompting procedures as establishing operations for escape‐maintained behavior

In the current study, we report on a young man with Nager's Syndrome, mild mental retardation, and deafness who exhibited severe problem behavior during demand situations. Initial functional analysis suggested that problem behavior was maintained by gaining escape from instructional demands. However, further analysis suggested that the individual was responding to escape the prompting procedure rather than the work tasks themselves. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A TASTE COMPARISON OF AN ISOLATED SOY PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATE‐PROTEIN BEVERAGE AND AN ISOLATED WHEY PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATE‐PROTEIN BEVERAGE

The objectives were to evaluate the taste differences between Isolated Soy Protein (ISP) and Isolated Whey Protein (IWP) in a Carbohydrate-Protein beverage. Student athletes participated in 7-week, single blind, randomized, crossover intervention trial. The subjects were all participants in a separate study examining the antioxidant effects of ISP. Two beverages with the same macronutrients were designed, formulated, and produced. Production methods and packaging were identical with the exception of color-coding the packaging for each respective subject group. Questionnaires were distributed on two separate points for subjects to evaluate taste and preference. The conclusion was that the difference in the ISP and IWP was not statistically significant. There was no disadvantage associated with soy taste.
A secure two‐factor authentication scheme for single sign‐on services

We present a novel single sign-on (SSO) scheme known as secure distributed SSO (SeDSSO). SeDSSO provides secure fault-tolerant authentication using threshold key encryption with a distributed authentication service. The authentication service consists of n total authentication servers utilizing a (t, n) threshold encryption scheme, where t distinct server-signed messages are required to generate a message signed by the service. SeDSSO provides secure portable identities by defining a two-factor identity that uses both a username/password and a unique USB device. The combination of a distributed authentication service and two-factor identities allows SeDSSO to securely authenticate users in any environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinal Artery-Vein Classification via Topology Estimation

We propose a novel, graph-theoretic framework for distinguishing arteries from veins in a fundus image. We make use of the underlying vessel topology to better classify small and midsized vessels. We extend our previously proposed tree topology estimation framework by incorporating expert, domain-specific features to construct a simple, yet powerful global likelihood model. We efficiently maximize this model by iteratively exploring the space of possible solutions consistent with the projected vessels. We tested our method on four retinal datasets and achieved classification accuracies of 91.0%, 93.5%, 91.7%, and 90.9%, outperforming existing methods. Our results show the effectiveness of our approach, which is capable of analyzing the entire vasculature, including peripheral vessels, in wide field-of-view fundus photographs. This topology-based method is a potentially important tool for diagnosing diseases with retinal vascular manifestation.
Wolf and Moose Dynamics on Isle Royale

Moose ( Alces alces ) arrived on Isle Royale in the early 1900s (Mech 1966) . For 50 years moose interacted with the forest without being exposed to predation or significant human harvest. By the late-1920s the impact of moose on the forest had become noticeable and the population probably comprised between 2,000 and 3,000 moose (Murie 1934) . By the mid-1930s many moose had died of malnutrition and the population declined to probably a few hundred animals (Hickie 1936) . Although there were suggestions and one attempt to introduce gray wolves ( Canis lupus ) to Isle Royale in the 1940s and 1950s, the attempt failed in 1952 (Mech 1966) . While humans were trying to reintroduce wolves, they arrived on their own in the late 1940s by crossing an ice bridge connecting Isle Royale and Canada. Analysis of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) indicated that the population of wolves on Isle Royale was founded by a single female (Wayne et al. 1991) . Since the founding event, the wolf population on Isle Royale has, to our knowledge, remained genetically isolated. Humans do not harvest the wolves, moose, or forest on Isle Royale. Although present on the nearby mainland, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and black bears ( Ursus americanus ) are absent from Isle Royale. The diet of Isle Royale wolves is ~95% moose during winter, and the diet in summer is >85% moose. Most of the remaining diet consists of beavers ( Castor canadensis ). The only significant causes of death for moose on Isle Royale are wolf predation and malnutrition, both of which are sometimes exacerbated by severe winters and winter ticks ( Dermacentor albipictus ). Between 40% and 60% of the diet of moose in winter is a single species, balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ). Although the wolf–moose system on Isle Royale is commonly characterized as a single-prey/single-predator system, this characterization may not be entirely justified. The importance of other factors such as canine parvovirus (Wilmers et al. 2006) , moose ticks (Peterson and Vucetich 2006) , and winter severity (Vucetich and Peterson 2004a) have been clearly documented. Nevertheless, compared with many communities of large vertebrates, the wolf–moose system on Isle Royale seems simple (Smith et al. 2003) .
Hankel Matrix and Singular Value Decomposition

This chapter constructs a Hankel matrix from auto-covariance matrices of time series which are used in Chapter 9 to estimate system matrices in the state space models for the data-generating processes. This chapter describes several concepts and relations needed in the later chapters.