cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of lipoxygenase products in the avascular tissues of the eye

We have examined the ability of the avascular cornea and lens to generate lipoxygenase products from arachidonic acid. The cornea and lens were obtained from rabbit and frog eyes, and their ability to metabolize exogenous [14C]-arachidonic acid determined in vitro. The cornea of rabbits and frogs formed lipoxygenase products from arachidonic acid. Both rabbit and frog corneas were found to generate considerable quantities of 12-HETE, although other lipoxygenase products were also produced. In contrast, no lipoxygenase products were detected following incubations of rabbit or frog lens with arachidonic acid. Thus, the cornea and lens, the two avascular tissues in the eye, exhibit marked differences in their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid via lipoxygenase enzymes.
Impact ionization by electrons and holes in InP

Abstract Ionization coefficients of holes in InP exceed those of electrons by a factor of approximately four over the electric field range from 2.5 to 4.5 × 105 V/cm and have been measured in Pt on p-type 〈100〉 orientation InP Schottky diodes. The shape of the baseline for the hole induced multiplication has been fitted by using one adjustable parameter, namely: the mean free path for optical phonon scattering. The model includes effects of quantum mechanical transmission, barrier height lowering and phonon scattering before the barrier maximum. The shape of the baseline for electron multiplication was likewise fitted by one adjustable parameter: the minority carrier diffusion length. Both models produce an excellent fit to low field characteristics that have appreciable curvature. The average phonon scattering mean free path for holes is ∼ 35 A roughly consistent with that required to characterize the hole ionization coefficient. The electron diffusion length in p-type InP was found to be ∼ 18 μ for all diodes. Ionization coefficients were obtained for diodes in the doping range from 5.0 × 1015 to 7.8 × 1015 cm−3. The impact ionization curves were fitted by Baraff-Chwang curves with slightly field dependent average energies for pair production. The threshold energies have been calculated from a consideration of energy and momentum conservation in a theoretical band structure. The deduced mean free paths for phonon scattering and breakdown voltages calculated from the ionization coefficient measurements are in excellent agreement with other independent experiments.
Effect of nonhydrostatic stresses on solid-fluid equilibrium. II. Interface thermodynamics

We investigate thermodynamics of single-component solid-fluid interfaces when the solid phase is subject to nonhydrostatic mechanical stresses. The analysis reveals that when the solid is nonhydrostatic, the interface stress is not unique. We show the existence of several types of interface stresses, formulate them as interface excess quantities, and establish relationships between them. Using molecular dynamics simulations with an empirical potential, we compute several different interface stresses for a (110) solid-liquid interface in copper. The simulations show that biaxial tension and compression of the solid produce a strong effect on the magnitude, sign, and anisotropy of the interface stresses. The free energy of the interface was computed by thermodynamic integration along biaxial tension and compression paths. The effect of nonhydrostatic stresses on the interface free energy is much weaker than the effect on interface stresses.
The strength of nonstandard methods in arithmetic

We consider extensions of Peano arithmetic suitable for doing some of nonstandard analysis, in which there is a predicate N(x) for an elementary initial segment, along with axiom schemes approximating ω1-saturation. We prove that such systems have the same proof-theoretic strength as their natural analogues in second order arithmetic. We close by presenting an even stronger extension of Peano arithmetic, which is equivalent to ZF for arithmetic statements.
THE COLLOIDAL CLAY FRACTION OF SOIL AS A CULTURAL MEDIUM

A BETTER understanding of the properties and behavior of colloidal clay makes it now possible to use this fraction of the soil in plant nutrition studies as a means of obtaining a closer approach to complete chemical control of the soil factor in plant growth. Though the soil may be more than a mixture of mineral particles of sand, silt, and clay sizes as a consequence of their possible chemical linkage (Sideri, 1937), yet the sand and silt separates are too large to offer much active surface. The surface activity for the adsorption of mineral nutrients and their delivery to the plant by ion exchange (Jenny and Cowan, 1933; McCalla, 1937) must then rest with the colloidal clay fraction. Such activity in the clay fraction of the Putnam silt loam, for example, suggests a supply of nutrients one hundred times as large as that in the leachings from the lysimeters at Cornell (Lyon and Bizzell, 1921). Recent experimental use of colloidal clav as a growth medium for soil microorganisms and for leguminous plants suggests a wide range in its adaptability to well controlled nutritional experiments (Albrecht, 1932, 1933); Albrecht and Jenny, 1931; Albrecht and McCalla, 1937), aiming at a nearer duplication of soil conditions than has previously been possible. The low concentration of soil solutions and irregularities in plant growth in aqueous media have suggested that the soil provides the plant from sources ot,her than simple solution conditions. Hoagland and M\artin (1923) suiggested that the soil imiedlium was more productive than aqueous solutions when they said, "In several experiments we have found the average weight of the kernels produced in solution cultures about 80 per cent of the weight of the kernels produced in a good soil." Jones and Pember (1925) observed less plump kernels of grain for the solution cultures than for the soil, and also a wider ratio of straw to grain. Some workers (McCall, 1916; Breazeale, 1906) ventured the idea that the addition of solid material to a solution culture may result in the adsorption of toxic substances by the solid and thus increase plant growth. Jennings (1919) found that the total plant growth was increased by the addition of colloidal silica to the cultural solution. The effect was attributed to the silica taken by the plant. ITaley's (1923) data, showing increased plant growth from the addition of 75 grams of finely ground orthoclase to the solution, could not be attributed to this as a supply of potassium since the plants in the aqueous solution alone contained the more potassium. Maclntire, Shaw, and Young (1925) found silica lessening the injurious effects by magnesium on plant growth with increasing benefits as more silica was used. Shive (1919, 1920) using fine sand, concluded that this was without effect on the nutrient solution
Comparison of cisplatin and carboplatin cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cell lines using the MTT assay

In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and carboplatin against a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, a rapid colorimetric test that can be used to evaluate the number of residual viable tumor cells following chemotherapy. The established human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 and the recently isolated and characterized A721, A90, A286, A1, and A121A cell lines were evaluated for chemosensitivity. Each cell line was treated separately with cisplatin and carboplatin at concentrations ranging from 500 to 0.16 micrograms/ml. Various chemotherapeutic exposure periods (1, 4, 24, and 48 hr) were tested to determine maximal efficacy. All cell lines were more susceptible to cisplatin than carboplatin at all drug concentrations and all exposure periods tested (P = 0.005). The overall median 50% inhibitory concentration (ID50) for cisplatin was 107 micrograms/ml compared with 490 micrograms/ml for carboplatin P = 0.005). For both cisplatin and carboplatin a 24-hr exposure was significantly more cytotoxic than a 1-hr exposure (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively). These in vitro results suggest that cisplatin is significantly more cytotoxic than carboplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines and that cisplatin should not be replaced by carboplatin in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer until randomized trials using maximum dosing of the cisplatin-containing regimen are performed.
Degree variances of the Earth's potential, topography and its isostatic compensation

A spherical harmonic expansion of the earth's gravitational potential and equivalent rock topography to degree and order 180 is described. The potential implied by the topography considered as uncompensated and with isostatic compensation has been computed. Good agreement with the observed potential field is found when the depth of compensation in the Airy theory is assumed to be 50 km. At the higher degrees the correlation coefficient between the potential expansion and the equivalent rock topography is about 0.5. The Lachapelle equations for the topographic isostatic potential were tested using 1 x 1 deg equivalent rock topography. The degree variances agree at the lower degrees but at degree 36 the Lachapelle results using 5 deg data underestimate the potential degree variances by about one-third.
A simplified technique for the laboratory rearing of Fannia canicularis.

A simplified technique is described for rearing larvae of Fannia canicularis (L.) and for stimulating oviposition with the same medium. Procedures for routine handling of the adults also are discussed. The average pupal yield (from first-instar larvae) obtained from colony stock was 90 to 100% and adult emergence from pupae ranged from 94 to 100%. Larval mortality increased progressively as the moisture content of the developmental medium was increased beyond 35% by weight.
Representing scattering functions with spherical harmonics of spectral Fourier components

A fundamental problem in imaging science and engineering is to characterize wave scattering from a small region of surface or volume. This behavior is generally described by a multidimensional scattering function. This paper proposes a new representation method of scattering functions to optimize data compression. Our method first performs a Fourier transform in the wavelength dimension and then spherical harmonic transform for each Fourier coefficient in the dimensions for spatial directions. The representation errors are studied numerically for using different levels of spherical harmonics and different numbers of Fourier components. This method has the advantage of efficiently storing data of scattering functions and has a great potential of applications in imaging science and engineering.
Molecular tools and triatomine systematics: a public health perspective

Triatomines, or kissing bugs, are vectors of Chagas disease to humans. This disease is a substantial public health problem affecting up to 12 million people throughout the Americas, and its control relies mainly on the insecticide treatment of triatomine-infested houses within villages. In this article, Fernando Monteiro, Ananias Escalante and Ben Beard review how molecular markers have been used to clarify triatomine systematics, and give examples of how our understanding of triatomine population structure and accurate vector identification can be used to optimize vector control.
Acetylation: A lysine modification with neuroprotective effects in ischemic retinal degeneration

Neuroretinal ischemic injury contributes to several degenerative diseases in the eye and the resulting pathogenic processes involving a series of necrotic and apoptotic events. This study investigates the time and extent of changes in acetylation, and whether this influences function and survival of neuroretinal cells following injury. Studies evaluated the time course of changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, histone-H3 acetylation and caspase-3 activation levels as well as retinal morphology and function (electroretinography) following ischemia. In addition, the effect of two HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin-A and valproic acid were also investigated. In normal eyes, retinal ischemia produced a significant increase in HDAC activity within 2 h that was followed by a corresponding significant decrease in protein acetylation by 4 h. Activated caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated by 24 h. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors blocked the early decrease in protein acetylation and activation of caspase-3. Retinal immunohistochemistry demonstrated that systemic administration of trichostatin-A or valproic acid, resulted in hyperacetylation of all retinal layers after systemic treatment. In addition, HDAC inhibitors provided a significant functional and structural neuroprotection at seven days following injury relative to vehicle-treated eyes. These results provide evidence that increases in HDAC activity is an early event following retinal ischemia, and are accompanied by corresponding decreases in acetylation in advance of caspase-3 activation. In addition to preserving acetylation status, the administration of HDAC inhibitors suppressed caspase activation and provided structural and functional neuroprotection in model of ischemic retinal injury. Taken together these data provide evidence that decrease in retinal acetylation status is a central event in ischemic retinal injury, and the hyperacetylation induced by HDAC inhibition can provide acute neuroprotection.
Gene-Specific Regulation by a Transcript Cleavage Factor: Facilitating Promoter Escape

The transcript cleavage factor GreA can play a significant role in stimulating the escape of RNA polymerase from native promoters in Escherichia coli . The bacterial Gre factors associate with RNA polymerase (RNAP) during transcription and induce cleavage of the nascent transcript at the active
Activation of T lymphocytes for the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer

Background: Adoptive immunotherapy of malignancy involves the passive transfer of antitumor-reactive cells into a host in order to mediate tumor regression. Based on animal models, the transfer of immune lymphoid cells can eradicate widely disseminated tumors and establish long-term systemic immunity. Critical for successful adoptive immunotherapy is the ability to isolate large numbers of immune cells. For clinical therapy, it will require the development of in vitro methods to promote the sensitization and propagation of tumor-reactive cells. However, this is formidable task since human cancers are postulated to be poorly immunogenic because of their spontaneous origins. Results: Human lymphoid cells for ex vivo activation and subsequent adoptive transfer have been derived from different sources, including peripheral blood, tumor, and lymph nodes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes can be incubated with interleukin 2 to generate lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, which nonspecifically lyse autologous and allogeneic tumor cells in vitro. LAK cell therapy represented the earliest attempt to treat advanced human cancers, with encouraging results documented in patients with renal cell cancer and melanoma. From the experience, the use of more immunologically specific cellular agents with potentially greater therapeutic efficacy has been investigated. One approach uses tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which have been characterized experimentally to be more specific in tumor reactivity compared with LAK cells. Other techniques have involved the use of lymphoid cells derived from lymph nodes draining tumors or primed by tumor vaccines. In vitro activation of these cells with tumor antigen or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody results in the generation of T cells that mediate the rejection of poorly immunogenic tumors in animal studies. These alternate methods are currently being evaluated in clinical studies. Conclusions: Experimentally, cellular therapy is a potent method to eradicate progressive tumors. Initial clinical studies have demonstrated that this form of therapy is technically feasible and can result in meaningful antitumor responses. Advances in this area will require improved methods to sensitize, isolate, and expand tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive transfer.
Hybrid Multiprocessing in OPTIMUL: A Multiprocessor for Distributed and Shared Memory Multiprocessing with WDM Optical Fiber Interconnections

We present the key features of OPTIMUL (OPTically /nterconnected Mf/Ltiprocessor) - a multiprocessor architecture that implements a distributed shared memory mechanism using wavelength division multi-plexed (WDM) fiber optic buses. The OPTIMUL architecture also supports distributed memory style multiprocessing using the same high-speed message passing mechanisms that implement distributed shared memory. We show the efficiency of the resulting design by presenting the results of a fairly detailed trace-driven simulation of the performance of the proposed interconnection. We also briefly mention some of the engineering issues involved in the design of the WDM fiber bus. Our results seem to indicate that a WDM optical bus with 4 to 5 channels can provide linearly scalable performance for upto 150 CPUs.
The effect of ion implantation on the fatigue properties of polycrystalline copper

Abstract The effect of ion implantation (aluminum, boron or chromium) on the tensile and strain or stress controlled fatigue behavior of polycrystalline copper has been studied. The monotonic and cyclic stress- strain relationships, cyclic strain-life and stress-life relationships, cyclic deformation characteristics and crack nucleation behavior of implanted copper are compared with unimplanted copper. Monotonic and cyclic flow stresses are reduced by ion implantation. Life under strain controlled fatigue is improved by ion implantation. Aluminum implantation has the greatest effect on both flow-stress reduction and life improvement. Life under stress controlled fatigue may or may not be improved by implantation. Aluminum and chromium implantation produces a significant improvement whereas boron implantation causes a reduction in the resistance to stress cycling.
Non-linear vibrations and frequency response analysis of piezoelectrically driven microcantilevers

Abstract Microcantilevers have recently received widespread attentions due to their extreme applicability and versatility in both biological and non-biological applications. Along this line, this paper undertakes the non-linear vibrations of a piezoelectrically driven microcantilever beam as a common configuration in many scanning probe microscopy and nanomechanical cantilever biosensor systems. A part of the microcantilever beam surface is covered by a piezoelectric layer (typically ZnO), which acts both as an actuator and sensor. The bending vibrations of the microcantilever beam are studied considering the inextensibility condition and the coupling between electrical and mechanical properties in the piezoelectric materials. The non-linear terms appear in the form of quadratic expression due to presence of piezoelectric layer, and cubic form due to geometrical non-linearities. The Galerkin approximation is then utilized to discretize the equations of motion. In addition, the method of multiple scales is applied to arrive at the closed form solution for the fundamental natural frequency of the system. An experimental setup consisting of a commercial piezoelectric microcantilever attached on the stand of a state-of-the-art microsystem analyzer for non-contact vibration measurement is utilized to verify the theoretical developments. It is found that the experimental results and theoretical findings are in good agreement, which demonstrates that the non-linear modeling framework could provide a better dynamic representation of the microcantilever than the previous linear models. Due to microscale nature of the system, excitation amplitude plays an important role since even a small change in the amplitude of excitation can lead to significant vibrations and frequency shift.
Effect of living roots on soil organic matter decomposition

Abstract Published information is contradictory about the inhibitory or stimulatory effect of living roots on soil organic matter decomposition. In this study, 14 C-labelled rye straw was exposed in fertilized or unfertilized soil with or without plants (winter rye, Secale cereale ) for 49 days under semi-controlled conditions. Our objective was to study the effect of roots on soil organic matter mineralization under different mineral nutrient conditions. The planted treatment had a higher 14 CO 2 loss and a higher efficiency of 14 C-labelled material utilization by microorganisms. Fertilization decreased 14 CO 2 loss. Percent 14 C in microbial biomass was positively correlated with percent 14 C respired. Total microbial biomass, 14 C-labelled microbial biomass and total 14 C remaining of the rhizosphere soil were higher compared to bulk soil. Living roots had a stimulatory effect on soil organic matter decomposition due to the higher microbial activity induced by the roots. This stimulatory effect was reduced by application of fertilizer.
Barebacking Among Internet Based Male Sex Workers

SUMMARY Some have raised concern that male sex workers (MSWs) serve as “vectors of transmission” of HIV into the heterosexual community. Research on MSWs, however, has found that these men report unsafe sex more often with casual partners than with clients. In the mid-1990s, two new phenomena emerged: the Internet, providing a new way for MSWs to meet clients, and barebacking or intentional anal sex without condoms. Using qualitative and quantitative methods in an effort to understand the impact of these phenomena, this study sought to explore intentions for unsafe sex among MSWs who reach clients through the Internet. Findings suggest that most MSWs do not intentionally seek out sex without condoms or engage in barebacking. This does not denote the complete absence of sexual risk behaviors, particularly with casual partners as found in previous research. Interview data suggest that these men may be employing harm reduction strategies such as partner characteristics and sex role positioning in their decis...
TimeCapsule: connecting past

Our world is changing at an ever-growing rate. The tide of urbanization and globalization has resulted in population migration that consequentially separates people from what is familiar to them. To combat this issue, we propose TimeCapsule. TimeCapsule is a social networking community intending to reserve, organize, share and utilize personal and collective memories by members of the community contributing location-related digitalized materials. Two clients will be designed to meet two kinds of usage: Mobile and Desktop. The mobile application will provide real-time old and new street view fusion in order to facilitate the user experience of appreciating the change in one location. The desktop client will help users organize and share personal and group memories. Special consideration for seniors will be addressed. By utilizing a connection to our past, we hope this initiative will help us to position ourselves to better appreciate the disparity between cultures and generations, thus unifying us.
How Potentials of Zero Charge and Potentials for Water Oxidation to OH(ads) on Pt(111) Electrodes Vary With Coverage

Self-consistent potential-dependent quantum chemical calculations on the formation of OH(ads) from H2O(ads) oxidation on the Pt(111) surface in acidic solution have been performed using a unified theory for the electrochemical interface. It is found that the potentials of zero charge (PZC) are relatively insensitive to H2O(ads) coverage and, when adsorbed OH is present, are very sensitive to the OH(ads)/H2O(ads) ratio. The PZC generally increases as the degree of oxidation of the surface is increased by higher OH(ads) coverage. Standard reversible potentials for the formation of 1/6 monolayer (ML) OH(ads) from oxidation of H2O(ads) for initial H2O coverage values of 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 ML were calculated and found to be respectively 0.71, 0.59, 0.65, and 0.63 V on the SHE scale. These calculated reversible potentials agree well with experimental measurements of onset potentials for H2O oxidation, but it is argued using experimental measurements of the groups of Orts and Watanabe that the 0.59 V value c...
The Relative Intensities of Reflection of X-Rays from the Principal Atomic Planes of Fluorite

For these measurements, the usual Bragg apparatus was modified by adding a reference crystal illuminated through the same slit on a line slightly above the other, and a second ionization chamber and Bumstead electroscope. The integrated ionization as the crystal was turned by motor through a given line or range of wave-length was measured. Correction was made for the general radiation. Thus the relative intensities of the Pd $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ lines when reflected from three principal planes of fluorite were determined. The values fall into three groups for each line, each of which fall on a smooth curve when plotted as a function of the angle of reflection, the strongest group being due to Ca and F atoms acting together, a weaker group to Ca atoms alone, and the weakest group to Ca and F planes which are out of phase with each other. Simple quantitative relations between the intensities of these groups have not yet been found, evidently because an additional absorption by the crystal takes place, which varies in an unknown manner with the angle of reflection.
Regression toward the mean in effectiveness studies: theoretically possible, not mathematically inevitable

Regression Toward the Mean (RTM) in extreme-group quasi-experiments is a thoroughly theoretical matter, not a simple mathematical necessity, so results of extreme-group before-and-after treatment effectiveness studies should not be doubted simply because of the theoretical possibility of RTM. The estimation of RTM, wherever one has a treatment group with a pretreatment mean off to one side of its population’s mean, requires knowledge of the population mean, standard deviation, and regression slope. RTM ought not be presumed to be operative in studies unless its several theoretical assumptions have been justified and its implications for sample data have been corroborated on that data. RTM can properly be adjusted for only when it has been adequately estimated from the relevant population data.
P-66: The Mechanical Properties of Aluminosilicate Glass with Chemical Strengthening

The stress of chemical strengthened glass was tested by ring-on-ring and Vickers hardness test. Glass with high compressive stress could be shown the high biaxial stress. The Vickers hardness only depended on depth of layer.
Absorbance Changes by Aromatic Amino Acid Side Chains in Early Rhodopsin Photointermediates

Absorbance changes were monitored from 250 to 650 nm during the first microsecond after photolysis of detergent suspensions of bovine rhodopsin at 20 degrees C. Global analysis of the resulting data produced difference spectra for bathorhodopsin, BSI and lumirhodopsin which give the change in absorbance of the aromatic amino acid side chains in these photointermediates relative to rhodopsin. These spectra show that the significant bleaching of absorbance near 280 nm, which has been seen previously for the lumirhodopsin, metarhodopsin I and metarhodopsin II intermediates, extends to times as early as bathorhodopsin. Because no corresponding absorbance increase is observed in the 250-275 nm region, the earliest bleaching of the 280 nm absorbance in rhodopsin is attributed to disruption of a hyperchromic interaction affecting Trp265. Partial decay of this 280 nm bleaching as bathorhodopsin converts to BSI takes place maximally near 290 nm, where Trp265 has been shown to absorb, and could be due to the ring of the retinylidene chromophore resuming a position at the BSI stage that reestablishes the hyperchromic interaction with Trp265. A subsequent change in the 250-300 nm region, which has no counterpart in the visible chromophore bands, indicates the possible presence of a protein-localized process as lumirhodopsin is formed.
The localization of endogenous "Prolactin" in the pituitary gland of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, Linnaeus.

Abstract The presence and distribution of prolactin have been demonstrated in the pituitary of the goldfish, Carassius auratus , L., by means of fluorescent antibody to ovine prolactin. The acidophilic prolactin cell and its distribution have been delineated and correlated histologically with the orangeophilic or erythrosinophilic cells of the rostral pars distalis and the acidophilic cells arranged in cords that ramify through the anterior portion of the proximal pars distalis. Neither the large PAS-positive basophils nor the pale, granulated basophils, which are scattered among the acidophils, contain prolactin.
Temperament as a potential developmental influence on attachment.

Infant differences in temperament may influence the development of mother-infant attachment either directly or indirectly.
The phenology of spiders on heathland in Dorset. Families Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Agelenidae, Mimetidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Argiopidae

The spatial and temporal distribution of spiders was studied by continuous pitfall trapping over a period of three years (1962-65) in three National Nature Reserves in Dorset. A detailed description of the habitat, and its relation to the spatial distribution of the species will be provided in a later paper. As differences in the habitat have little or no effect on the temporal distribution, this alone will be described in this paper, as in the previous paper of this series (Merrett, 1967). The temporal distribution of members of the family Linyphiidae will be described in the third and final paper of this series.
Surviving your success

University-based help desks create a unique dilemma in their success. As customers realize your help desk has answers, and talented staff willing to assist them, you will create everything you most fear:Increased call volumeIncreased expectations of knowledgeGreater inclusion of you and your staff in University-wide implementationsGreater demand for knowledge to be shared with the computing community, before they request it..A successful help desk in a university environment faces problems that a commercial help desk does not. By virtue of the budget-funded help desk model most commonly found in universities, managers are faced with increased pressure to deliver ever-expanding services without expanded resources. Compound this situation with the reality that when your help desk provides better service, more answers and prompter responses, your customers will flock back to you, creating even greater demand for this improved service. In many ways, your help desk's success can be its own worst enemy.As demand for help desk service grows, we need to challenge the definition of "Help Desk Software" that has been status quo for nearly two decades. The idea that call-tracking software and a knowledgebase can meet the demands of your customers is fading; they simply cannot meet the needs of our university communities as computing becomes integral to nearly every aspect of the academic and campus life experience. Dynamically generated, web-based facilities are necessary to give you and your staff the flexibility and power of offering information to your customers before they ask for it; collaboration among academic institutions allows us to share our efforts and benefit from the same.Join us as we review the tools we use to reach our customers and improve our service, working more efficiently, instead of working more. CDs with examples of these tools (and their underlying code) will be available.
The presence of unusually high levels of lysophosphatidylethanolamine in a wax ester-synthesizing copepod (Calanus plumchrus)

Abstract The predominant phospholipid of an important marine copepod is identified as lysophosphatidylethanolamine containing 78% of docosahexaenoic acid. Wax ester accounted for the bulk of the lipids (85%). The phospholipids comprised about 1% of the total lipid and contained a remarkable level (48%) of lysophosphatidylethanolamine. A substantial level of docosahexaenoic acid was present in the other major phospholipids of Calanus plumchrus including 43% in the phosphatidylethanolamine. It is proposed that the lysophosphatidylethanolamine may be involved in transport of fatty acids utilized in the synthesis of wax esters. The lipids from a sample of Calanus helgolandicus, a closely related copepod collected under relatively dormant metabolic conditions, contained 40% each of wax ester and phospholipid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine accounted for only 5.6% of the total phospholipids in this latter organism.
Hydrocarbons in Lake Washington Sediments. A 25-Year Retrospective in an Urban Lake

Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and stable and radiocarbon isotope distributions are compared for dated cores from the 1970s and 2000 for a 25-year retrospective in Lake Washington, Seattle, WA (USA). Contamination of Lake Washington sediments by petrogenic aliphatic hydrocarbons and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via atmospheric deposition and stormwater runoff peaked between the 1950s and 1970s and has since decreased as stormwater inputs have been reduced. Radiocarbon signatures (Δ^(14)C, ‰) of total organic carbon decrease (increased “age”) in the depth interval of highest hydrocarbon concentration. Graphitic black carbon in the year 2000 core showed a historical profile similar to that of the PAH; however high background sediments deposited before the founding of Seattle indicates a considerable nonindustrial component derived from weathering in the watershed. Unlike hydrocarbon contamination, input of terrestrial organic matter (tracked by long-chain fatty alcohols) has increased throughout the late 20th century, documenting a shift in pollutant sources away from hydrocarbons and toward anthropogenic erosion of the region's soils.
Attention in the Newborn: Effect on Motility and Skin Potential

Newborn infants showed lower motility and greater reactivity of the skin potential while attending to a visual target than when equally alert but inattentive.
Design Calculations for Rotating-Mirror Cameras

Mathematical relationships are given for the relative positions of the optical axis, images, rotating mirror, and film planes in rotating-mirror smear (streak) and frame cameras. Consideration is also given to factors which affect the quality of the recorded information.
Review: Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.) (2002). The Qualitative Inquiry Reader

Dieser Reader, der eine Auswahl von 20 Beitragen aus der Zeitschrift Qualitative Inquiry der letzten sieben Jahre vereint, betont die Darstellung neuer Formen qualitativer Forschung. Dies beinhaltet u.a. Ethnographien und Lyrik und ist verbunden mit dem Ziel, sowohl neue Methoden und einen kritischen Rahmen fur die Interpretation dieser Art von Arbeiten vorzustellen, als auch eine reflexive Sensibilitat fur die kritischen und ethischen Dimensionen von Forschung zu entwickeln. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0204351
A MAMMALIAN PREDATOR-PREY IMBALANCE: GRIZZLY BEAR AND WOLF EXTINCTION AFFECT AVIAN NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS

Because most large, terrestrial mammalian predators have already been lost from more than 95-99% of the contiguous United States and Mexico, many ecological communities are either missing dominant selective forces or have new ones dependent upon humans. Such large-scale manipulations of a key element of most ecosystems offer unique opportunities to investigate how the loss of large carnivores affects communities, including the extent, if any, of interactions at different trophic levels. Here, we demonstrate a cascade of ecological events that were triggered by the local extinction of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) from the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. These include (1) the demographic eruption of a large, semi-obligate, riparian-dependent herbi- vore, the moose (Alces alces), during the past 150 yr; (2) the subsequent alteration of riparian vegetation structure and density by ungulate herbivory; and (3) the coincident reduction of avian neotropical migrants in the impacted willow communities. We contrasted three sites matched hydrologically and ecologically in Grand Teton National Park, Wyo- ming, USA, where grizzly bears and wolves had been eliminated 60-75 yr ago and moose densities were about five times higher, with those on national forest lands outside the park, where predation by the two large carnivores has been replaced by human hunting and moose densities were lower. Avian species richness and nesting density varied inversely with moose abundance, and two riparian specialists, Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) and MacGillivray's Warblers (Oporornis tolmiei), were absent from Park riparian systems where moose densities were high. Our findings not only offer empirical support for the top-down effect of large carnivores in terrestrial communities, but also provide a scientific rationale for restoration options to conserve biological diversity. To predict future impacts, whether overt or subtle, of past management, and to restore biodiversity, more must be known about ecological interactions, including the role of large carnivores. Restoration options with respect to the system that we studied in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem are simple: (1) do nothing and accept the erosion of biological diversity, (2) replace natural carnivores with human predation, or (3) allow continued dispersal of grizzly bears and wolves into previously occupied, but now vacant, habitat. Although additional science is required to further our understanding of this and other terrestrial systems, a larger con- servation challenge remains: to develop public support for ecologically rational conser- vation options.
Inherent Force-Dependent Properties of β-Cardiac Myosin Contribute to the Force-Velocity Relationship of Cardiac Muscle

The heart adjusts its power output to meet specific physiological needs through the coordination of several mechanisms, including force-induced changes in contractility of the molecular motor, the β-cardiac myosin (βCM). Despite its importance in driving and regulating cardiac power output, the effect of force on the contractility of a single βCM has not been measured. Using single molecule optical-trapping techniques, we found that βCM has a two-step working stroke. Forces that resist the power stroke slow the myosin-driven contraction by slowing the rate of ADP release, which is the kinetic step that limits fiber shortening. The kinetic properties of βCM are affected by load, suggesting that the properties of myosin contribute to the force-velocity relationship in intact muscle and play an important role in the regulation of cardiac power output.
BRESAP: A Policy Reasoner for Processing Spectrum Access Policies Represented by Binary Decision Diagrams

Declarative spectrum management through policy-based dynamic spectrum access has garnered significant attention recently. Policy-based spectrum access decouples spectrum access policies from the radio platform. In policy-based spectrum access, a reasoning engine called the policy reasoner plays a critical role. The policy reasoner assists in policy enforcement and carries out a number of tasks related to policy analysis and processing. One of the most important tasks performed by the policy reasoner is evaluating transmission requests in the context of the currently active set of policies. This paper describes the design and implementation of a novel policy reasoner. The proposed policy reasoner uses multi-terminal binary decision diagrams (MTBDDs) to represent, interpret, and process policies. It uses a set of efficient graph-theoretic algorithms to translate policies into MTBDDs, merge policies into a single meta-policy, and compute opportunity constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate that policies can be processed efficiently by reframing the policy reasoning problem as a graph-based Boolean function manipulation problem. The proposed policy reasoner has the capability to respond to either under-specified or invalid transmission requests (sent by the system strategy reasoner) by returning a set of opportunity constraints that prescribes how the transmission parameters should be modified in order to make them conform to the policies. We propose three different algorithms for computing the opportunity constraints. The first algorithm computes opportunity constraints for under-specified transmission requests and its complexity is proportional to the number of variables in the meta-policy BDD. The second and third algorithms compute opportunity constraints for invalid transmission requests and their complexities are proportional to the number of variables and the size of the meta-policy BDD, respectively.
Medical, Personal, and Social Forms of Uncertainty Across the Transplantation Trajectory

We designed this study to identify sources of uncertainty across the transplantation trajectory. We interviewed 38 transplant patients, who reported medical, personal, and social forms of uncertainty. Prior to transplantation, they reported uncertainty related to insufficient information about diagnosis, complex decisions about transplantation, unknown/unknowable organ availability, unclear expectations about medical procedures/outcomes, ambiguity in meaning of life, complex role and identity challenges, unclear financial consequences, questioning from others, and unclear relational implications. They reported that uncertainty experienced after transplantation was related to complex medication regimens, unpredictable future health/prognosis, complex role and identity challenges, unclear financial consequences, possible stigmatizing reactions, unclear relational implications, and complex interactions with the deceased donor's family. These findings lay the groundwork for additional research on uncertainty management for transplant patients, and suggest that health care professionals and supportive others cannot apply a one-size-fits-all solution when aiding in uncertainty management.
Heavy ion fusion injector program

A program is underway to construct a 2 MV, 800 mA, K/sup +/ injector for heavy ion fusion. The electrostatic quadrupole injector configuration consists of a zeolite source, a diode of up to 1 MV, together with several electrostatic quadrupole units to simultaneously focus and accelerate the beam to 2 MV. The key issues of source technology, high voltage breakdown, beam aberrations, and transient effects are discussed. Results from ongoing experiments and simulations are presented. >
Improving RF-based device-free passive localization in cluttered indoor environments through probabilistic classification methods

ABSTRACT Radio frequency based device-free passive localization has been proposed as an alternative to indoor localization because it does not require subjects to wear a radio device. This technique observes how people disturb the pattern of radio waves in an indoor space and derives their positions accordingly. The well-known multipath effect makes this problem very challenging, because in a complex environment it is impractical to have enough knowledge to be able to accurately model the effects of a subject on the surrounding radio links. In addition, even minor changes in the environment over time change radio propagation sufficiently to invalidate the datasets needed by simple fingerprint-based methods. In this paper, we develop a fingerprinting-based method using probabilistic classification approaches based on discriminant analysis. We also devise ways to mitigate the error caused by multipath effect in data collection, further boosting the classification likelihood. We validate our method in a one-bedroom apartment that has 8 transmitters, 8 receivers, and a total of 32 cells that can be occupied. We show that our method can correctly estimate the occupied cell with a likelihood of 97.2%. Further, we show that the accuracy remains high, even when we significantly reduce the training overhead, consider fewer radio devices, or conduct a test one month later after the training. We also show that our method can be used to track a person in motion and to localize multiple people with high accuracies. Finally, we deploy our method in a completely different commercial environment with two times the area achieving a cell estimation accuracy of 93.8% as an evidence of applicability to multiple environments.
STRUCTURAL AND MOLECULAR BASES FOR THE CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVITY OF IKACH IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Background: A hallmark of remodeling in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is action potential duration (APD) shortening. It has been suggested that in chronic AF: (1) the acetylcholine-sensitive inward rectifier potassium current is constitutively active (ca-IKACh); (2) ca-IKACh is due to interaction between Kir3.1 (a molecular correlate of IKACh) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe); and (3) oxidative stress (OS) is increased. However, the structural and molecular bases of ca-IKACh and its possible role in APD shortening and AF maintenance remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that OS phosphorylates Kir3.1 at residue S185 via PKCe, leading to ca-IKACh and contributing to APD shortening and AF perpetuation. Methods and Results: We tested our hypothesis using molecular, electrophysiologic, and numerical approaches. We induced OS with 100 μM H2O2 for 1 hour. In HEK cells transfected with Kir3.1/4, OS increased reactive oxygen species as assayed by dihydroethidium fluorescence. In addition, PKCe translocated to the membrane, Kir3.1 showed phosphorylation at S185, and IKACh increased from –16.1 5.1 pA/pF (n 1⁄4 3) to –34.2 3.8 pA/pF (n 1⁄4 6, Po.01). PKCe silencing prevented OS-induced phosphorylation of Kir3.1 and IKACh increase. In mouse atrial myocytes, OS shortened APD90 from 98 13 ms (n 1⁄4 6) to 37.9 5.3 ms (n 1⁄4 13, Po.01). Tertiapin Q, a selective IKACh blocker, significantly prolonged APD90 in stressed but not unstressed myocytes. In sheep atria with tachypacing-induced chronic AF, phospho-Kir3.1 increased 2.45-fold in chronic AF (n 1⁄4 4) vs sham (n 1⁄4 4, Po.05). Optical maps showed that tertiapin Q progressively reduced chronic AF dominant frequency until sinus rhythm resumed. Molecular dynamics simulations using the chimeric Kir3.1 crystal structure suggested that the region containing S185 was a switch that initiated conformational changes resulting in channel opening upon phosphorylation. Finally, purified chimeric Kir3.1 was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated PKCe. Conclusions: Arrhythmogenic ca-IKACh is due in part to OS-mediated PKCe activation and Kir3.1 phosphorylation at residue S185. These results shed new light on the complex ionic mechanisms of AF and may help in the development of new anti-AF agents.
Surface-Related Emission in Highly Luminescent CdSe Quantum Dots

We report our experimental studies of surface-related emission in highly luminescent CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with controlled quantum yield and photooxidation by time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. This kind of surface-related emission, with a radiative lifetime of tens of nanoseconds, implies the involvement of surface states in the carrier recombination process of such highly luminescent CdSe QDs.
Data based design of Digital PID Controller

In this paper, we present a procedure for designing a digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on input-output data of an arbitrary stable plant without identifying plant models. Based on an impulse input to the plant, the response of the plant is obtained which is then used to directly find the stabilizing set of PID controllers. The method makes use of Tchebyshev representation for discrete- time systems and the set is determined by obtaining a set of linear inequalities with two unknowns while keeping the third parameter fixed. By sweeping on the third parameter, the entire set can be obtained. This result is useful because it does not depend upon knowing the model of the system and the operations performed are directly on the data obtained. It is also observed that the region becomes more and more accurate as more and more sample points are included. This is shown through illustrative examples.