cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Automated Calculation of Free and Bioavailable Testosterone in Epic Beaker Laboratory Information System.

Background: Automated calculations by laboratory information system (LIS) are efficient and accurate ways of providing calculated laboratory test results. Due to the lack of established advanced mathematical functions and equation logic in LIS software, calculations beyond simple arithmetic functions require a tedious workaround. Free and bioavailable testosterone (BT) calculations require a quadratic solver currently unavailable as ready to use the function on most commercial LIS platforms. We aimed to develop a module within the Epic Beaker LIS to enable automatic quadratic equation solving capability and real-time reporting of calculated free and BT values. Materials and Methods: We developed and implemented an advanced calculation module from the ground up using existing basic calculation programming functions in the Epic Beaker LIS. A set of calculation variables were created, and mathematical logic and functions were used to link the variables and perform the actual quadratic equation based calculations. Calculations were performed in real-time during result entry events, and calculated results populated the result components in LIS automatically. Results: Free and BT were calculated using instrument measured results of total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and/or serum albumin, by applying equations widely adopted in laboratory medicine for endocrine diseases and disorders. Calculated results in Epic Beaker LIS were then compared and confirmed by manual calculations using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and scientific calculators to have no discrepancies. Conclusions: Automated calculations of free and BT were successfully implemented and validated, the first of such implementation for the Epic Beaker LIS platform, eliminating the need of offline manual calculations, potential transcription error, and with improved turnaround time. It may serve as a model to build similarly complex equations when the clinical need arises.
Abstract 2406: LSD1 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer cell survival independently of the androgen receptor and of histone demethylation

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or interference with androgen receptor (AR) function is the principal treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, progression is universal, and therapies following the emergence of castration resistance do not offer durable control of the disease. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase and a key regulator of gene expression in cancer. Prior work demonstrates that LSD1 may act as a cofactor of the AR in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. In this report, we describe a distinct role of LSD1 as a driver of proliferation and survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells independently of the AR and independently of histone demethylation. Methods: We used gain and loss of function studies to determine the importance of LSD1 for survival of prostate cancer cells. To identify transcriptional networks that contribute to cell survival, we suppressed LSD1 with RNAi and measured gene expression changes with microarrays. To determine the importance of histone demethylation in regulation of these gene networks, we suppressed LSD1 and measured levels of LSD1 canonical histone substrates (H3K4me2 and H3K9me2) genome-wide with chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Results: Cell viability assays demonstrated that LSD1 is important for proliferation and survival of CRPC cells independently of the AR. Microarray studies demonstrated that LSD1 activates androgen-independent genes that comprise cell cycle and embryonic stem cell maintenance gene sets that are enriched in lethal human tumors. Importantly, our global epigenomic studies after LSD1 suppression demonstrated that LSD1 activates these gene sets independently of demethylation of its canonical histone substrates. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that LSD1 promotes CRPC cell survival independently of the AR and suggest that LSD1 regulates key pathways in CRPC through demethylation of non-histone substrates or via a scaffold function―mechanisms we are currently investigating. In summary, LSD1 contributes to CRPC cell survival through non-canonical mechanisms and represents an attractive therapeutic target in lethal prostate cancer. Citation Format: Archana Sehrawat, Lina Gao, Junior Tayou, Armand Bankhead, Laura M. Heiser, Carly J. King, Yuliang Wang, Jacob Schwartzman, Joshua Urrutia, Daniel J. Coleman, Sheila Weinmann, Bhaskar V. Kallakury, Deborah L. Berry, Reina Haque, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Tomasz M. Beer, George V. Thomas, Shannon McWeeney, Joshi J. Alumkal. LSD1 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer cell survival independently of the androgen receptor and of histone demethylation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2406. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2406
Response by Oreskes to “Beyond Counting Climate Consensus”

Pearce et al. (2017) raise a number of important points regarding the relation of expert knowledge, consensus, and public engagement on controversial issues. I entirely agree with them that mobiliz...
Defective Nucleotide Release by DNA Polymerase β Mutator Variant E288K Is the Basis of Its Low Fidelity.

DNA polymerases synthesize new DNA during DNA replication and repair, and their ability to do so faithfully is essential to maintaining genomic integrity. DNA polymerase β (Pol β) functions in base excision repair to fill in single-nucleotide gaps, and variants of Pol β have been associated with cancer. Specifically, the E288K Pol β variant has been found in colon tumors and has been shown to display sequence-specific mutator activity. To probe the mechanism that may underlie E288K’s loss of fidelity, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system that utilizes a fluorophore on the fingers domain of Pol β and a quencher on the DNA substrate was employed. Our results show that E288K utilizes an overall mechanism similar to that of wild type (WT) Pol β when incorporating correct dNTP. However, when inserting the correct dNTP, E288K exhibits a faster rate of closing of the fingers domain combined with a slower rate of nucleotide release compared to those of WT Pol β. We also detect enzyme closure upon mixin...
Multistep Conformation Selection in Amyloid Assembly

Defining pathways for amyloid assembly could impact therapeutic strategies for as many as 50 disease states. Here we show that amyloid assembly is subject to different forces regulating nucleation and propagation steps and provide evidence that the more global β-sheet/β-sheet facial complementarity is a critical determinant for amyloid nucleation and structural selection.
Sleep-Stage-Dependent Hippocampal Coordination with Cingulate and Retrosplenial Association Cortices

A long line of research has examined the role of the hippocampus in learning, episodic spatial and nonspatial memory, and navigation. Although critically important in these processes, the hippocampus does not act in isolation. Effective hippocampal mnemonic and spatial processing requires cortical
Acoustoelectric effect with Rayleigh waves in a monolithic thin film lithium niobate on silicon heterostructure

We report on the first demonstration of acoustoelectric (AE) interaction in heterogeneously integrated Lithium Niobate thin film on Silicon substrate (LNOS). The strong coupling coefficient (K2) delivers efficient excitation of Rayleigh waves, while the large permittivity and lower interface charge density of the LNOS configuration provides superior control of the semiconductor carrier density over previous approaches. Preliminary results suggest that the monolithic LNOS configuration can overcome past obstacles faced by AE technology, enabling a new era of AE-based nonreciprocal RF devices.
Research in Econometrics and the Economics of Academia

It gives me great pleasure to participate in this conference, organized by my Rotterdam friends and their colleagues from elsewhere in the Netherlands and abroad, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Econometric Institute. Twenty-five years is a long stretch in a person’s life, so it is good to reflect on the past and then on the future. I will take you back to the origins of the Econometric Institute a quarter-century ago, and I will then move forward and give some views of the future. I will talk about some of the accomplishments of research in econometrics, about some of its failures, and about what we can expect for the years to come given the reality of our economic limitations.
Natural boundaries and integral moments of L-functions

It is shown, under some expected technical assumption, that a large class of multiple Dirichlet series which arise in the study of moments of L-functions have natural boundaries. As a remedy, we consider a new class of multiple Dirichlet series whose elements have nice properties: a functional equation and meromorphic continuation. This class suggests a notion of integral moments of L-functions.
Toxic Substances and Agenda 21: Ethical and Policy Issues in the Science and Its Implementation

This chapter addresses some of the scientific tools for assessing risks from toxic substances, one of the major concerns of the United Nations Agenda 21 (Chapter 19). One cannot, however, treat this as merely a technical or scientific problem. As I argue throughout, the science itself is laden with normative considerations. An important policy question is the extent to which public health and environmental threats should be addressed as if they were merely scientific or technical questions. We need an ethic or policy decision about how much scientific evidence of harm to demand before taking preventive or remedial action. We should also understand the normative, indeed moral, commitments that are implicit in the scientific procedures themselves and in the practices of the professions that implement them. For example, implicit in typical scientific procedures are normative commitments, burdens of proof, and practices for addressing scientific uncertainty that can easily frustrate health-protective and environmentally protective courses of action of the kind envisioned in Agenda 21 for dealing with hazardous materials and toxic substances. Failure to revise present scientific practices will tend to favor the status quo of ignorance about potentially toxic substances and of slow governmental action, while improvements of both would mitigate these problems. Present scientific practices used in risk assessment need evaluation and revision in order not to enshrine the status quo ante.
Is it possible to "prescribe" the diffusion for a geminate pair in a force field?

Given the difficulty of obtaining compact analytical solutions for diffusion of interacting geminate pairs (such as electron-hole pairs generated by ionization of liquid) it is common, following the original method of Mozumder, to "prescribe" this diffusion. With this approach, the survival probability of the pair is represented as a product of the survival probability for a freely diffusing pair and a suitably defined weighting function. This approach gives the correct limiting survival probability for a pair in the Coulomb field. The same approach was used for simulation of reaction dynamics in radiolytic spurs ("independent reaction times" approach of Pimblott) and solve other vexing diffusion problems that do not have analytical solution. A reasonable question is, can the same method be used for any other interaction potential than Coulomb? Here we demonstrate that such a prescription is generally impossible. The correct result given by the prescribed diffusion approach for the Coulomb potential is, actually, purely accidental. The method is inherently contradictory and it should be used with caution.
ANTICARCINOGENIC ACTIONS OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS

There is a great variation in cancer incidence with diet, as has been recently reviewed (1,2). Epidemiological data suggest that environmental, specifically nutritional, factors play a major role in the etiology of cancer at many different sites (1–3). There are now several epidemiologic studies which suggest that components of vegetables might play a beneficial role in lowering the incidence of cancer (some examples of such studies are given in references 1-4). Although many compounds with anticarcinogenic potential are present in vegetables, it is possible that anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors contribute to the low cancer rates observed in certain human populations with high levels of vegetables in the diet. For example, the low cancer incidence rates in the Japanese and Seventh-Day adventists could be due to high levels of dietary protease inhibitors; it has been estimated that individuals in these populations ingest, on the average, more than 330 mg of protease inhibitors per day (3). There are, however, many other hypotheses which have been presented to explain the low cancer rates in these human populations. So many different variables are present in the diet that the effect of any specific anticarcinogenic agent cannot be distinguished in such epidemiologic studies; however, it is possible to distinguish the effects of specific anticarcinogenic agents in laboratory experiments. In this report, our own laboratory studies on anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors will be summarized and discussed. Although laboratory studies can give much information about the effects of potential chemopreventive agents, ultimately epidemiologic intervention studies must be performed to determine whether candidate chemopreventive agents are truly capable of preventing cancer in human populations. The current evidence that dietary protease inhibitors do have a role in lowering the cancer incidence in human populations has recently been reviewed (6 and 7).
The taxonomy of chenopodium hians, c. incognitum, and ten new taxa within the narrow-leaved chenopodium group in western north america, with special attention to california

In our search to document the fruits of Chenopodium L. taxa in North America to assist identifications, and after demonstrating fruits to be stable and diagnostic, we here focus on the some of the “narrow-leaved” group taxa prevalent in the western part of the continent. For this study, we sampled and classified, employing fruit characters as the leading criteria for categorization, more than 500 herbarium collections of Chenopodium of western North America, with a special focus on California. We concentrated only on taxa with fruits with adherent pericarp and lanceolate to lance-ovate, entire, un-lobed, or basally lobed leaves. Here, we recommend the recognition anew of C. incognitum Wahl as a separate species from C. hians Standley and 10 new species of Chenopodium in California and nearby states of western North America. The recognition of these taxa contributes to an ongoing study of the taxonomy of native Chenopodium in California, where an in-depth local taxonomic treatment of the genus has never before been presented. Our classification is supported both by biogeographical distribution and morphological characters. Taxonomic keys are provided.
Insurance Status Is Associated with Extent of Treatment for Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Health insurance has been shown to be a key determinant in cancer care, but it is unknown as to what extent insurance status affects treatments provided to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC...
Open-Sourcing Civil Society

What role does civil society play in managing the effects of creative destruction? What are the prospects of open-source social networks? Can new technologies like the blockchain enable the rebirth of mutual aid societies? I argue that we can draw broad lessons about how to build communities in the internet era from the successful operation of open-source projects. Open source is successful because of a technological infrastructure that enables people to interact in particularly productive ways. I discuss the limits of open source and ask whether the same kind of infrastructure can be adapted for social purposes, and for expanding the operation of non-profits.
A new approach to computer science in the liberal arts

In the following we make the case for a new course for introducing computer science in the liberal arts classroom. The course is related to breadth-first computer science, but is aimed at developing a broad course suitable for non-majors to gain a comprehensive overview of computer science beyond its algorithmic and mathematic fundamentals. One of the aims of the liberal arts philosophy is to provide students with broad exposure to subject which may not be their primary focus. Neither traditional non-majors courses or introductory programming classes fit this goal. In contrast we propose a course structure which aims to survey computer science in one or two semesters while providing students with significant training and experience in programming.
The Effect of Weather and Location of Fruit within the Tree on the Incidence and Severity of Citrus Black Spot on Fruit.

Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa occurs in tropical and sub-tropical citrus production regions and affects all varieties of citrus. In Florida, the disease cycle is unique, having only the asexual spore. This work examines incidence and severity of CBS (hard spot symptoms) on fruit in two citrus groves during 2013–2014, 2014–2015 (Grove III) and 2015–2016 (Grove II) citrus seasons. Disease incidence and severity on fruit were analyzed based on citrus season, side of tree evaluated, height within the canopy, tree health, and tree age. Results indicate an increase in CBS incidence in Grove III between 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons, with more infected or symptomatic fruit on the road side of the canopy and a higher incidence above 2 meters. Tree health status affected incidence but not severity and tree age had a significant effect on severity of CBS in Grove II. Analysis of weather data conducive for infection, between 2010 and 2017, indicated an average of 172 days per year (range: 104–261 days) when the temperature (15–35 °C) and relative humidity (RH ≥ 90% for 8 consecutive hours) were conducive for infection of fruit and an average of 98 days per year (range: 72–123 days) when the fruit were susceptible to infection.
Realizing Yoga’s all-access pass: a social justice critique of westernized yoga and inclusive embodiment

In the 21st century, the ancient mind-body practice of yoga has surged in popularity among western enthusiasts for its numerous health benefits. Particularly, a growing evidence base supports yoga for cultivating positive embodiment and reducing risk for disordered eating. Nevertheless, amidst its rise are concerns about yoga's departure from its spiritual foundations and increasing assimilation into the appearance- and commercial-driven exercise and fitness culture. Consequently, an exclusionary identity has been perpetuated in shaping norms surrounding who can and does practice yoga, which contradicts earlier egalitarian visions of a yoga for all. Therefore, we adopt a social justice lens in offering a focused analysis of the intersection of yoga, embodiment, and inclusion for select marginalized social identities typically underrepresented among yoga practitioners and in yoga scholarship. Data are synthesized from both qualitative and quantitative sources and integrate an understanding of how confined media representations of "the yoga body" and other practical constraints may undermine the perceived access to the practice for members of diverse groups. We conclude with inviting future considerations towards fostering more interdisciplinary community-based research partnerships among the variety of stakeholders invested in advancing the accessibility and inclusion of yoga and positive embodiment for all bodies.
Mindfulness and Patient Safety Simulation in Third-Year Baccalaureate Students

Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of mindfulness training on student-observed safety violations in a simulated patient hospital room. Students in their first medical-surgical clinical semester were randomized with the intervention group receiving mindfulness training before the simulation. Timed observation data, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning were used to compare groups. A one-way between-group multivariate analysis of variance to measure differences revealed no difference between the groups (F (4, 67) = 1.85, p = .129; Wilks' Lambda=.9). Although the findings from this pilot study did not demonstrate significant differences between the groups, mindfulness training has the potential to impact observed safety violations. Further investigation is warranted with a larger sample size to better discern differences between the groups.
Ending the Game®: A New Psychoeducational Curriculum for Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) involves sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, leading to traumatization. Interventions show promise in preventing revictimization and facilitating the integra...
The Nearctic species Shipsa rotunda (Claassen, 1923) (Plecoptera: Nemouridae)

The morphological concept of Nearctic Shipsa rotunda (Claassen, 1923) (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) was reviewed based on examination of adult males and adult females from across the extensive range of this species. Reproductive terminalia were studied with scanning electron microscopy from five locations, three from Canada and two from the USA. Despite the wide distribution, there is little morphological variation exhibited by males and females. New records are noted for one Canadian province and six US states. Scanning electronic and standard light microscopy images plus a dot distribution map based on museum and valid literature data are provided. Key words: Plecoptera, Nemouridae, Shipsa rotunda, United States, Canada, stoneflies
Assessing parental understanding of variant reclassification in pediatric neurology and developmental pediatrics clinics.

Improvements in technology used for genetic testing have yielded an increased numbers of variants that are identified, each with a potential to return uninformative results. While some genetics providers may expect patients to be responsible for staying abreast of updates to their genetic testing results, it is unknown whether patients are even aware of the possibility of variant reclassification. Little research has assessed the comprehension and attitudes of parents of pediatric patients regarding reclassification of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with parents (n = 15) whose children received a VUS from genetic testing in either the pediatric neurogenetics or developmental pediatrics clinics at Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, Indiana. Most participants expressed understanding of the uncertainty surrounding their child’s VUS test result. However, nearly half of participants shared that they had no prior knowledge of its potential reclassification. When asked whose responsibility it is to keep informed about changes to their child’s VUS status, some participants stated that it belonged solely to healthcare providers — a distinctive finding of our study — whereas others felt that it was a joint responsibility between providers and the parents. We additionally found that some patients desire a support group for individuals with VUS. These results provide insight into the importance of pretest genetic counseling and the need for increased social and informational support for parents of children who receive inconclusive genetic testing results. We conclude that relying solely on the patient or guardian to manage uncertain results may be insufficient.
Two developmentally distinct populations of neural crest cells contribute to the zebrafish heart

Cardiac neural crest cells are essential for outflow tract remodeling in animals with divided systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems, but their contributions to cardiac development in animals with a single-loop circulatory system are less clear. Here we genetically labeled neural crest cells and examined their contribution to the developing zebrafish heart. We identified two populations of neural crest cells that contribute to distinct compartments of zebrafish cardiovascular system at different developmental stages. A stream of neural crest cells migrating through pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 integrates into the myocardium of the primitive heart tube between 24 and 30 h post fertilization and gives rise to cardiomyocytes. A second wave of neural crest cells migrating along aortic arch 6 envelops the endothelium of the ventral aorta and invades the bulbus arteriosus after three days of development. Interestingly, while inhibition of FGF signaling has no effect on the integration of neural crest cells to the primitive heart tube, it prevents these cells from contributing to the outflow tract, demonstrating disparate responses of neural crest cells to FGF signaling. Furthermore, neural crest ablation in zebrafish leads to multiple cardiac defects, including reduced heart rate, defective myocardial maturation and a failure to recruit progenitor cells from the second heart field. These findings add to our understanding of the contribution of neural crest cells to the developing heart and provide insights into the requirement for these cells in cardiac maturation.
Questions and Answers About Geometric Evolution Processes and Crystal Growth

We discuss evolutions of solids driven by boundary curvatures and crystal growth with Gibbs-Thomson curvature effects. Geometric measure theoretic techniques apply both to smooth elliptic surface energies and to non-differentiable crystalline surface energies.
Experiencing Interactive Advertising beyond Rich Media

ABSTRACTTheories from social psychology, consumer psychology, and Human Computer Interaction suggest that 3D gaming Virtual Environments increase users affective engagement with the stimuli/environment content due to their particular structural features (high immersion, presence, etc.). This, in turn, modifies the way in which embedded advertisements are processed by providing a direct, although virtual, brand experience. At the same time, product placements and blatant advertisements (i.e., virtual 3D billboards) were previously shown to be processed differently, given the increased reactance of media users toward messages identified as ads. A 2 (ad type: billboard vs. product placement) × 2 (IVE arousability level: high vs. low arousing 3D worlds) mixed factorial design was employed to test the effects of 3D billboards and product placements embedded within a 3D gaming Virtual Environment on brand recall and recognition, and brand preference.
The Neo-Hamiltonian Temptation

The central force behind the development of constitutional law, according to Bruce Ackerman’s magisterial We the People: The Civil Rights Revolution, is not the courts but the People, acting through the elected officials who were responsible for the civil rights laws of the 1960s. But if, as Professor Ackerman emphasizes, the Constitution should be interpreted to reflect actual decisions made by the People—rather than decisions attributed to the People by creative interpreters—it is not clear what room is left for judicial review. Ackerman shows that a true popular consensus against Jim Crow segregation did, eventually, emerge. But many wellsettled principles of constitutional law have been established by courts without the support of such a consensus. No such consensus supported Brown v. Board of Education itself, when it was decided. To a greater extent than Professor Ackerman perhaps recognizes, his account may even ally him with skeptics who would abolish judicial review—skeptics who also, albeit in a different way, believe that the Constitution should be entrusted to the People. The great challenge to those skeptics is that they would repudiate Brown. Ackerman celebrates Brown, but he also shows that the civil rights era was an extraordinary time in which the nation eventually united to finish the work of the Civil War. The logic of Ackerman’s account suggests (although he may not intend the suggestion) that Brown was an extra-legal but morally justified intervention that was needed to start this process—and was therefore a historically exceptional event that can be accepted as consistent with general skepticism about judicial review. author. Gerald Ratner Distinguished Service Professor of Law, the University of Chicago Law School. I am grateful to the Yale Law Journal for inviting me to present this paper at a symposium on Bruce Ackerman’s We the People: The Civil Rights Revolution. I also thank Professor Ackerman and the other participants in the symposium for comments on an earlier version of this paper, and the Burton and Adrienne Glazov Faculty Fund at the University of Chicago Law School for financial support. the neo-hamiltonian temptation
Recurrence of intracranial tumors following adoptive T cell therapy can be prevented by direct and indirect killing aided by high levels of tumor antigen cross-presented on stromal cells.

Elimination of peripheral tumors by adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells may require killing of cancer cells and tumor stromal cells. Tumor Ags are cross-presented on stromal cells, resulting in direct cytotoxic T cell (CTL) killing of both Ag-expressing cancer cells and stromal cells. Indirect killing of Ag loss variant cells also occurs. We show here that similar processes occur in a brain tumor stromal environment. We used murine cancer cell lines that express high or low levels of a peptide Ag, SIYRYYGL (SIY), recognized by transgenic 2C CD8+ T cells. The two cell lines are killed with equivalent efficiency by 2C T cells in vitro. Following adoptive transfer of 2C T cells into mice with established SIY-Hi or SIY-Lo brain tumors, tumors of both types regressed, but low-Ag-expressing tumors recurred. High-Ag-expressing tumors contained CD11b+ cells cross-presenting SIY peptide and were completely eliminated by 2C T cells. To further test the role of cross-presentation, RAG1−/− H-2b mice were infused with H-2k tumor cells expressing high levels of SIY peptide. Adoptively transferred 2C T cells are able to kill cross-presenting H-2b stromal cells but not H-2k tumor cells. In peripheral models, this paradigm led to a small static tumor. In the brain, activated 2C T cells were able to kill cross-presenting CD11b+ cells and completely eliminate the H-2k tumors in most mice. Targeting brain tumor stroma or increasing Ag shedding from tumor cells to enhance cross-presentation may improve the clinical success of T cell adoptive therapies.
Memory Maps: The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan, by Mariko Asano Tamanoi: Honolulu, University of Hawai'i Press, 2009, 211 pp., ISBN 978-0-8248-3267-4

In the 1930s Japan sent thousands of poor farmers to Manchuria. Japan had occupied the huge northeast corner of China, an area as large as France and Germany combined, in 1931 and reorganized it in...
Three-Dimensional Printing for In Vivo Visualization of His Bundle Pacing Leads.

Transvenous pacing leads have been implicated in tricuspid valve dysfunction, and our group has adopted routine use of His bundle pacing to mitigate this effect. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology holds great promise for advancing medicine, but the high start-up costs can be a deterrent. Seeking confirmation of optimal lead placement relative to the tricuspid annulus, we used low-cost commercial and public domain technologies to generate 3D-printed hearts from selected patients with His bundle pacing leads. Our models successfully demonstrated that such lead placements avoided interference with the tricuspid valve apparatus in these cases. Future applications of 3D printing include facilitating research to minimize lead-valve interactions, understand complex cardiac anatomy, and plan complex surgical procedures.
NEW NEUTRON RICH ISOTOPES PRODUCED IN 3 BeV PROTON REACTIONS.

The study of neutron rich, light isotopes (7 ≤ A ≤ 25) produced at relatively low kinetic energy (3–10 MeV/Amu) from the reaction of 3 BeV protons on 197Au targets has continued (1). The immediate object of these experiments is to establish the limits of particle stability for neutron rich isotopes with Z ≤ 8. The limit of heavy particle stability represents a sensitive test for the various procedures used for predicting nuclear masses far removed from the valley of beta stability(2),(3).
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Intrusive Thoughts, and Disruption Are Longitudinally Related to Elevated Cortisol and Catecholamines Following a Major Hurricane

This is the first study of a natural disaster (Hurricane Andrew) in which psychological and neuroendocrine data were collected 1–4 and 9–12 months afterward. Data were assessed using a community sample (N = 111) of hurricane survivors. Elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (intrusive and avoidant thoughts) and stress hormones that initially were twice normal control values decreased significantly over time and returned to levels of non-hurricane controls by the end of the year. In contrast to previous reports, suggesting low cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), our sample had elevated cortisol, perhaps due to the nature of the trauma (i.e., natural disaster vs. crime, rape or war), our timing, or getting samples a few months after the event. In addition, the decrease in stress hormones over the year (cortisol and epinephrine [E]) was related to a decrease in psychological symptoms of trauma. Cortisol and norepinephrine (NE) were both related to the hurricane experience as well (damage and rebuilding; damage and disruption). Gender differences showed women reported more distress, but men had higher NE and cortisol. Finally, cortisol correlated most consistently both cross sectionally and longitudinally with reported days ill.
Perfluorooctanoate exposure in a highly exposed community and parent and teacher reports of behaviour in 6-12-year-old children.

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is a perfluorinated compound (PFC) that has been widely used in numerous consumer products since the 1950s.1–3 Human exposure typically occurs through transfer from food packaging, bioaccumulation in the food chain, and inhalation of household dust 4. PFOA is almost always detectable in serum5 and has been found in amniotic fluid,6, 7 maternal and umbilical cord blood,8, 9 and breast milk.10–13 Epidemiologic evidence on PFOA exposure and child development is limited, with variation in exposure timing and specific endpoints. In the Danish National Birth Cohort (n=1,400), prenatal PFOA levels were unrelated to maternal reports of child development through age 7.14, 15 Three cross-sectional studies observed divergent associations among measures of attention in school-age children. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n=571), higher PFOA levels were associated with increased odds of parent-reported Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).16 In New York State, higher levels of several PFCs – although not PFOA – were associated with impulsivity (n=79).17 Using C8 Health Project data (n=10,546), the parent study of the present report, Stein and Savitz reported reduced odds of ADHD at the highest PFOA exposure level.18 We recently examined the children in the present report in a prospective study (n=320) of PFOA exposure and performance on neuropsychological tests.19 With increased childhood PFOA exposure there was a modest increase in intelligence quotient (IQ), decrease in behaviors typical of ADHD, and null associations with reading skills, math skills, and neuropsychological functioning. The current study complements the existing literature by providing a prospective examination of childhood PFOA concentration and mother and teacher report of child behavior assessed 3 – 4 years later at ages 6 – 12. In 2001, a group of residents from the West Virginia and Ohio communities surrounding a chemical plant near Parkersburg, West Virginia filed a class action lawsuit alleging health damage from drinking water supplies drawing from PFOA-contaminated groundwater.20 Geometric mean PFOA levels in this population were approximately 5 times the national average; exposure to most other PFCs reflected typical background levels. We invited a subset of children in the C8 Health Project to participate in a follow-up study assessing neurobehavioral development.
Nonoperative Treatment of Low Back Pain

Low back pain is a common affliction with significant associated costs to the healthcare delivery system. The importance of back pain from a societal view is underscored by the number of individuals affected and the potential economic consequences for patients and employers alike. Myriad treatments for low back pain have been reported. The purpose of this paper is to review appropriate clinical management and nonoperative treatment of low back pain, consider traditional and non-traditional treatments about which patients may inquire, and emphasize evidence-based recommendations.
Look what they've done to my song: Covers and tributes, an annotated discography, 1980–1995

(1995). Look what they've done to my song: Covers and tributes, an annotated discography, 1980–1995. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 79-106.
The significance of abdominal obesity in youth.

Pediatric nurses are well aware of the marked increase of obesity in children. Abdominal obesity is defined as excess intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. The prevalence rates of abdominal obesity exceed the prevalence rates of generalized obesity. In the United States, abdominal obesity prevalence rates increased 65.4 and 69.4% for male and female youth, respectively (Li, Ford, Mokdad, & Cook, 2006). These results are similar to increasing abdominal obesity rates in youth worldwide (Chrzanowska & Suder, 2010; Garnett et al., 2005; Mindell, Dinsdale, Ridler, & Rutter, 2012; Moreno, Sarria, Fleta, Marcos, & Bueno, 2005). Increases in waist circumference (WC, a proxy measure for abdominal obesity) have been reported across all body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese), particularly in young adults, and exceed what would be expected by increases in BMI alone (Walls et al., 2011).
Nucleotide sequence analysis and heterologous expression of the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae dnaJ gene

DNA sequence analysis of chromosomal DNA from the Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has identified a dnaJ heat shock gene homolog. A 1109-bp open reading frame encoding dnaJ is located immediately 3′ to the E. rhusiopathiae dnaK gene. The deduced DnaJ amino acid sequence exhibits the modular structure of other members of the DnaJ protein class including a glycine-rich region and the repeating consensus sequence CXXCXGXGX. Heterologous expression of the dnaJ sequence in Escherichia coli resulted in accumulation of a unique 38.9-kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 8.0. Deletion analysis of the dnaJ gene was used to confirm that the overproduced protein was encoded by the dnaJ sequence.
Localization of two novel chloroplast genome functions: trans-splicing of RNA and protochlorophyllide reduction.

Chloroplast DNA deletions in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii localize two novel chloroplast gene functions. One of these, tscA, is required in trans for splicing, in trans, of the first and second, but not the second and third, exons of the RNA of the chloroplast gene psaA. Previously, no chloroplast genes were known to be required in trans for the splicing of chloroplast RNA. The other chloroplast gene function is required for light-independent reduction of protochlorophyllide, a key step in the algal pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Both functions reside in the same 4 kbp region of chloroplast DNA.
Jet Inlet Condition Effect on the Heat Transfer From a Circular Impinging Air Jet to a Flat Plate

Local turbulent convection heat transfer from a flat plate to a circular impinging air jet is investigated numerically, with emphases on the effect of inlet flow condition, i.e. velocity profiles, on the impingement jet heat transfer distribution on a flat plate. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and the energy equation are solved for axisymmetric, three-dimensional flow. Eddy viscosity k-e (RNG) and V2F turbulence models are used with non-uniform meshes to obtain mesh-independent solutions. Three Reynolds numbers, i.e. 23,000, 50,000 and 75,000 and three geometries (jet-to-plate distance, L/D = 2, 4, & 6), and four inlet velocity profiles are used in the analysis. The numerical solutions obtained are compared with existing experimental heat transfer data. The results show that stagnation region heat transfer is most sensitive to inlet velocity profiles at small jet-to-plate distances. The Blasius and long pipe (P/D = 20) profiles have the best match with experimental data in the secondary heat transfer maximum region (r/D = 2). As Reynolds number increases, it’s very difficult to predict heat transfer in the region of secondary maximum, where flow transition takes place.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A Coping Model for Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

A causal model that identifies relationships among sexual abuse situation characteristics, based on Finkelhor and Browne's traumagenic model of childhood sexual abuse; the accomplishment of cognitive coping tasks, based on Taylor's theory of cognitive adaptation; and long-term effects was tested in a group of 149 adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed paths and the goodness of fit of the model. Results indicated that the model did not fit the data, but conclusions related to the explanatory power of the model could not be drawn because of the low reliabilities of several of the scales. However, five of the hypothesized direct relationships and one of the hypothesized indirect relationships were significant. A revised model is proposed and examined.
Use of photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to study phosphates in proteins.

Abstract Photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study phosphoamino acids and phosphoproteins. Using this method, we have found that the spectral properties of phosphate esters depend on the nature of the linkage, pH, and binding of metal ion. At high pH values, dianionic symmetric stretching of phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine occurs at 984 and 974 reciprocal centimeters, respectively. Analysis of the IR bands of bound phosphate in phosvitin at different pH values gives the pKa value for the esterified phosphates. Addition of aluminum ions to phosvitin at different pH values causes a shift in the phosphate band consistent with a direct binding of aluminum ions to the esterified phosphate. The phosphate signal for 40 μg of Pepsin ( 1 P/mole) is detectable by this method.
Cerebellothalamic projections in the rat: an autoradiographic and degeneration study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the topographical organization of cerebellothalamic projections in the rat. Following stereotaxic injections of 3H-leucine or electrolytic lesions in the cerebellar nuclei, efferent fibers were observed to emerge from the cerebellum through two discrete routes. Fibers from the fastigial nucleus decussated within the cerebellum, formed the crossed ascending limb of the uncinate fasciculus, ascended in the dorsal part of the midbrain tegmentum, and entered the thalamus. Cerebellothalamic fibers from the interpositus and dentate nuclei coursed in the ipsilateral brachium conjuctivum, decussated in the caudal midbrain, and ascended to the thalamus via the crossed ascending limb of the brachium conjunctivum. Cerebellar terminations were observed in the intralaminar, lateral, and ventral tier thalamic nuclei as well as in the medial dorsal nucleus. Projections to the intralaminar nuclei were more pronounced from the dentate and posterior interpositus than from the anterior interpositus and fastigial nuclei. The lateral thalamic nuclei received a projection from the dentate and posterior interpositus nuclei while the fastigial nucleus projected to the medial dorsal nucleus. Within the rostral ventral tier nuclei fastigiothalamic terminations were localized in the medial parts of the ventral medial and ventral lateral nuclei, whereas dentatothalamic projections were concentrated in the lateral parts of the ventral medial nucleus and the medial half of the ventral lateral nucleus. Terminations from the posterior interpositus nucleus were observed ventrally and laterally within the caudal two-thirds of the ventral medial nucleus and throughout the ventral lateral nucleus, where they were densest in the lateral part of its lateral wing and within the central part of its cap. The anterior interpositus nucleus also projected to the central and lateral parts of the ventral lateral nucleus, but these terminations were considerably less dense than those from the posterior interpositus. A few fibers from the interpositus nuclei terminated in the medial part of the rostral pole of the ventral posterior nucleus. A prominent recrossing of cerebellothalamic fibers from the fastigial, posterior interpositus, and dentate nuclei occurred through the central medial nucleus of the internal medullary lamina. These terminated within the ipsilateral ventral lateral and intralaminar nuclei. These results show that each of the cerebellar nuclei project to the thalamus and that their terminations are topographically organized in the rostral ventral tier nuclei. The clustering of autoradiographic silver grains or terminal degeneration observed in the thalamic nuclei suggests a medial-to-lateral organization of this cerebellothalamic system.
Processes in the maintenance of weight loss with behavior therapy

Twenty-seven-week follow-up data for 51 women who completed a behavioral weight loss program indicated small but significant additional weight losses. Participants adhered better to techniques oriented toward altering the eating environment than with self-standard setting and self-reward. However, reported continued attention to standard-setting and self-reward techniques correlated significantly with weight loss during the last 19 weeks of follow-up. Participants showing a high need for social approval and an internal locus of control lost the most weight during this period. These women might not only have believed that they had the power to lose weight but also found doing so to be highly reinforcing.
The Effects of Leader Communication on a Worker's Intent to Stay: An Investigation Using Structural Equation Modeling

This study presents findings on the link between leader motivating language (ML) use and worker intent to stay. Structural equation modeling indicated that ML use significantly improves worker intent to stay—with a 10% increase in ML leading to an approximate 5% increase in worker intent to stay. Also, analysis showed that the full ML model better describes the data than any partial model based on a subset of the ML components, and this outcome helps advance researchers' understanding of the ML theory. Results indicate that proper leader language use can substantially improve the critical organizational outcome of worker retention. As such, this study identifies potential new paths for requisite leader communication research, training, and development.