cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and application of melamine-based dendrimers supported on silica gel

Dendrimers based on melamine have been covalently attached to silica gel with convergent and divergent approaches. These approaches yield different products. Each step of the synthesis can be monitored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The organic molecules can be isolated by chemical etching the organosilica material with HF and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. The convergent approach, which relies on the solution-phase synthesis of the dendrimer before its attachment onto silica gel, produces materials that are ∼20% w/w organic regardless of the generation of the dendrimer used in the preparation of these composites and without apparent defects in the dendrimer structure. Materials prepared with the divergent approach show increasing percentages of organic material with each generation, but the dendrimers show structural defects including incomplete branching. In a survey of sequestration potential, materials obtained with the divergent approach removed more atrazine from solution than the more homogeneous materials obtained from the convergent approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 168–177, 2005
INFORMATION MEASURE FOR MODULARITY IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

Modular structures are common in complex natural and artificial systems, and words “modular” or “modularity” are used throughout the engineering design literature. However, it still needs formal ways to measure or quantify modularity. This paper introduces an information-based approach to measure modularity, built on the relationship between complexity and modularity. In this information-based measure, a modular structure is encoded as a message describing information contained in the modular structure; the shorter the message, the higher the modularity of the structure. The information measure is dependent on the modeling and representation of the system. Following this basic idea, an approximate expression for the information measure of abstract graph structures is introduced. Since function structures in engineering design are typically represented as abstract graphs, this approach can be used to synthesize favorable modularity in parallel with the design of new systems. Using a genetic algorithm approach, with the reciprocal of the approximate measure as the fitness function, modular configurations are found in abstract graphs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
New Contexts for Relational Communication in Groups

This article discusses the importance of relational communication in groups. Connections are made with potentially fruitful theoretical concepts, while findings from related group research are used...
White hiring agents’ organizational practices and out-group hiring

Abstract Prevailing accounts of variation in race–sex hiring largely emphasize applicants’ characteristics and, to some extent, employers’ preferences. In contrast, this study considers how organizational practices, workplace formality, and job characteristics influence the race and sex of white hiring agents’ most recent hires. Analyses using data from roughly 2000 work establishments confirm that the relationship between organizational practices and out-group hiring, the hiring of applicants not like a hiring agent in terms of race and/or sex, is not simple. Findings imply that the mechanisms linking race and sex out-groups to jobs differ, so certain formal organizational practices will only partly reduce differences in hiring outcomes across race–sex groups. The effects of employee referral use, soft skill screens, skill requirements, and a job’s starting wage on out-group hires differ for female and male hiring agents. These results suggest that sex differences in social networks and women’s and men’s different location on employers’ labor queues influence the hiring process.
Mobility using IEEE 802.21 in a heterogeneous IEEE 802.16/802.11-based, IMT-advanced (4G) network

Industry is defining a new generation of mobile wireless technologies, called in cellular terminology "fourth generation" or "4G." This article shows that a system combining extensions of two radio access technologies, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16, meets the ITU-R's "IMT-Advanced" or 4G requirements. The extensions are 802.16 m (100 Mb/s, 250 km/h) and 802.11VHT (1 Gb/s, low velocity). The focus of this article is to show how IEEE 802.21 (the emerging IEEE standard for media-independent handover services) supports ";seamless"; mobility between these two radio access technologies. This mobility integrates the two radio access technologies into one system. We conclude that an 802.11VHT + 802.16 m + 802.21 system is likely to be proposed to the ITU-R for IMT- Advanced 4G.
LIMITED PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET SEARCH AND LIQUIDITY EFFECTS

This paper models the liquidity effects after a contractionary open market operation in a framework that highlights the frictions of limited participation in financial markets and search frictions in labor markets. It is shown that Lucas rigidities, with the aid of labor market rigidities, could generate more persistent liquidity effects even in a context of flexible prices. In addition, the simulation results show that this adapted liquidity and labor search model does a reasonable good job in explaining the observed labor market dynamics in response to shocks of a plausible magnitude, and deliver substantial movements along a downward-sloping Beveridge curve.
Chlorpromazine-induced lupuslike disease

A lupuslike disease with cutaneous manifestations secondary to the use of chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is presented. Skin biopsy specimens demonstrated classic findings consistent with lupus erythematosus and abundant mucin deposition in the cutaneous lesions—a finding not previously reported to occur in drug-induced lupuslike disease. Laboratory and serologic examinations included a positive antinuclear antibody titer, presence of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), absence of double-stranded DNA, presence of antihistone antibodies, normal complement level, increased IgM level, and prolongation of partial thromboplastin time. These data confirmed our clinical and histologic diagnosis. Cessation of the medication (chlorpromazine) led to resolution of the skin abnormalities. Electron microscopy revealed electrondense drug metabolites in vascular endothelial cells, as well as tubuloreticular inclusion bodies. This is only the second reported case of chlorpromazineinduced lupuslike disease with cutaneous manifestations.
Social Stigma and Disadvantage: Current Themes and Future Prospects

Research on social stigma and disadvantage has flourished in the past two decades. The authors highlight the theoretical and methodological advancements that have been made, such as how experience sampling procedures and neuroscience have shed light on processes associated with social stigma. Finally, the authors discuss policy implications of historical and contemporary research on social stigma and disadvantage, as well as address ideas for future research that may be useful in creating policies and programs that promote social equality.
Hypothetical datalog negation and linear recursion

This paper examines an extension of Horn logic in which rules can add entries to a database hypothetically. Several researchers have developed logical systems along these lines, but the complexity and expressibility of such logics is only now being explored. It has been shown, for instance, that the data-complexity of these logics is PSPACE-complete in the function-free, predicate case. This paper extends this line of research by developing syntactic restrictions with lower complexity. These restrictions are based on two ideas from Horn-clause logic: linear recursion and stratified negation. In particular, a notion of stratification is developed in which negation-as-failure alternates with linear recursion. The complexity of such rulebases depends on the number of layers of stratification. The result is a hierarchy of syntactic classes which corresponds exactly in the polynomial-time hierarchy of complexity classes. In particular, rulebases with k strata are data-complete for SPh. Furthermore, these rulebases provide a complete characterization of the relational queries in SPh. That is, any query whose graph is in SPh can be represented as a set of hypothetical rules with k strata. Unlike other expressibility results in the literature, this result does not require the data domain to be linearly ordered.
Educating Frankenstein: an interdisciplinary approach to teaching undergraduate computing and ethics

The author argues that many textbooks designed for undergraduate courses in computing and ethics do not help students become socially responsible designers and users of information technology because they don't encourage critical reflection on the meaning of technology in human experience. A pedagogy is described that is organized around the theory and methodology of phenomenology. Its goal is to teach students to discover new meanings and their implications for both ethical practice and responsible action. Phenomenology thus complements case study approaches and extends their usefulness.
Wishartness and independence of matrix quadratic forms for Kronecker product covariance structures

Abstract Let X be distributed as matrix normal with mean M and covariance matrix W ⊗ V , where W and V are nonnegative definite (nnd) matrices. In this paper we present a simple version of the Cochran's theorem for matrix quadratic forms in X . The theorem is used to characterize the class of nnd matrices W such that the matrix quadratic forms that occur in multivariate analysis of variance are independent and Wishart except for a scale factor.
Talking About Talk: Reclaiming the Value and Power of Literature Circles

In a five-year investigation of the practices that underpinned the culture of inquiry in one school, a discourse of inquiry was found to be central to substantive growth and change. While this discourse was often recognized for promoting and sustaining literacy learning, the authors also found that it played a key role in identifying, confronting, and resolving dilemmas teachers and students face in the day-to-day realities of classroom life. In this article, the authors demonstrate the ways two teachers engaged their students in reflective conversations about their talk during literature circles. In both classrooms, the teachers made decisions to inquire into the process of literature circles in an effort to improve the quality of their students' interactions and learning potential during literature conversations.
The dendritic architecture of the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system in the rat, rabbit, and cat.

The neurons of the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system (AOS) have been studied in the rat, rabbit and cat in Golgi-Cox and Golgi-Kopsch impregnated brain sections. The present anatomical findings permit a division of the MTN of these species into dorsal and ventral components (MTNd, MTNv), in agreement with other investigations. The MTNd contains predominantly linear-bipolar and linear-multipolar shaped neurons with cell bodies that measure in the range of 25–50 μm. These neurons have 2 to 4 primary dendrites which, along with their smaller dendritic branches, are oriented in the plane of the long axis of the MTN (i.e. from ventromedial to dorsolateral). These linear-bipolar and linear-multipolar cells represent 70–80% of the neurons of the MTNd as seen in the Golgi impregnated sections. The remaining 20–30% of the MTNd neurons are nearly all multipolar in shape with somata measuring in the range of 15–25 μm. An occasional multipolar neuron is larger, has a soma that measures around 30–60 μm and has dendrites which extend outward from the cell body to cover large areas of the MTNd. There was considerable extension of the dendrites of MTNd neurons into the MTNv; however, the dendrites of MTNd neurons were not observed extending into the adjacent substantia nigra (SN) or ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Tsai (1925). Conversely, the dendrites of neurons in the neighboring SN and VTA course along the borders of the MTN but only occasionally extend into the MTN. The neuron population of the MTNv consists almost entirely of small-multipolar shaped cells with somata measuring from 15–25 μm and dendritic trees resembling those described for multipolar cells of the MTNd. A small number of neurons of the ventral division are medium-multipolar in shape with cell bodies that measure approximately 30–60 μm. Typically, these cells have several dendrites which extend ventrally within the MTNv and one or more dendrites that extend either across the MTNv or dorsally into the MTNd. Only a few linear-bipolar and linear-multipolar neurons were observed in the MTNv. The present findings are discussed in relation to anatomical, physiological, and histochemical studies on the MTN.
Naltrexone/bupropion for the treatment of obesity and obesity with Type 2 diabetes

Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity, and is used with lifestyle modification. Its safety and efficacy were assessed in four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 56-week Phase III clinical trials in 4536 adult subjects: COR-1, COR-II, COR-BMOD and COR-DM. All four studies demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful weight loss following up to 52 weeks of treatment with naltrexone/bupropion compared with placebo. The average weight loss from baseline across the four studies was approximately 11-22 lbs (5-9 kg). Results show the efficacy of Contrave for weight loss, as well as significant improvements in cardiometabolic markers. This review focuses on the four studies, their outcomes and the mechanism of action of Contrave.
Risks of Thrombosis and Rehemorrhage During Early Management of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Mechanical Heart Valves

Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with mechanical heart valves carries a risk of thrombosis and of rehemorrhage. Because interruption of anticoagulation with a mechanical heart valve may lead to thrombotic events, cardiologist recommendations generally lean toward minimizing the time off
Other Tests in Glaucoma: Genetic Testing

One of the goals of human genetic research is to develop novel diagnostic and screening tests based on the identification of the genes responsible for the disease. Over the past decade ten genes have been shown to contribute to various forms of human ­glaucoma including: primary open angle glaucoma (MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, OPA1), glaucoma associated with Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome and other anterior segment dysgenesis disorders (FOXC1, PITX2, PAX6, LMX1B), congenital glaucoma (CYP1B1), and most recently pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (LOXL1) [1–5].
Electric Multirotor UAV Propulsion System Sizing for Performance Prediction and Design Optimization

One of the more daunting tasks of designing a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is the selection of a propulsion system that will provide desired performance. Rigorous methods for selecting these drive components, that is, the motors, propellers, and batteries for electric UAVs are not readily available. Currently, many UAV designs are based on legacy selections or limited and at times incorrect manufacturer data. These design methods are either simplistic or lacking in analysis and validation of component selection. Proper propulsion system design should address the mission requirements for which the vehicle is being designed. A proper design methodology is the best chance that the designer has to create a new vehicle that will be mission-capable. This paper attempts to satisfy the need for more thorough method of propulsion component selection. The paper is written also to document the popular online drive system analysis tool due to numerous requests. This tool is one example implementation of the methodologies described by this paper.
Validation of Patient Reports, Automated Pharmacy Records, and Pill Counts With Electronic Monitoring of Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy

Objectives.To evaluate the validity of patient report, pharmacy dispensing records, and pill counts as measures of antihypertensive adherence using electronic monitoring as the validation standard.Methods.The study was conducted among 286 members of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, a managed care organi
SEA URCHIN DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION AND REDUCED INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES OF THE LESS VARIABLE DNA SEQUENCES.

Individual sea urchins of the species Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus differ from each other in about 4% of the nucleotide pairs of their single copy DNA sequences (Britten et al., 1978). In the past we have referred to single copy DNA sequence polymorphism (Britten et al., 1978), but for purposes of clarity we use here the term sequence variation which is defined as the percent difference in sequence between individual genomes averaged for a population and averaged over all of the single copy DNA.
HIFiRE-6 Unstart Conditions at Off-Design Mach Numbers

HIFiRE 6 is a test flight to validate the use of adaptive flight control on a hypersonic vehicle. The Air Force Academy Department of Aeronautics conducted wind tunnel testing of the 10.5-inch HIFiRE 6 model at the off-design Mach numbers 3.0 (Re=9,765,000), 3.5 (Re=9,975,000), and 4.3 (Re=9,765,000) to support the development of the flight control algorithm for the test flight. By examining schlieren images, and pressure data from both the wind tunnel and inside the scramjet engine inlet and isolator, engine unstart of the three dimensional inlet was characterized for ranges of both sideslip angles and angles of attack: -5.4° to 5.7° and -5.4° to 14.8°, respectively. The pressure data that indicates the start and unstart conditions were captured by five pressure ports along the inlet and four more pressure ports along the isolator of the vehicle. The combined schlieren and pressure data indicated that the HIFiRE 6 scramjet would only start at the highest Mach number tested. At Mach 4.3 the scramjet design was found to start at -5.4° angle of attack and remain started until positive 6.0° degrees with no sideslip. However, once the vehicle became unstarted it remained unstarted until it was lowered again to -5.4° angle of attack. HIFiRE 6 was able to start at 0° angle of attack when a sideslip of -5.4° was applied and stayed started until positive 5.7°. Using the unstart results a performance map was created for Mach 4.3 test to indicate the flight orientations where unstart could be expected. The Kantrowitz limit was applied to the results to show the low Mach number limit is driven by the choking of the inlet and can be predicted for the three dimensional scramjet inlets.
Photoperiod and Moisture as Factors Involved in the Termination of Diapause in the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella

Laboratory-reared diapause pink bollworm larvae exposed to photoperiods of 14 or 16 hours daily terminated diapause more rapidly than larvae held under an 8- or 12-hour daily photoperiod at 20° C. Under each of the photoperiodic regimes studied at 20° and 27° C, those larvae which were maintained in 100% RH terminated diapause and pupated more rapidly than larvae held under 65% RH. Diapause was terminated more rapidly in those larvae subjected to a contact moisture treatment than in those held“dry”under lower humidity (60% ± 10% RH).
Research Development of Deformed Processed Cu-Ag in Situ Composites

High-strength and high-conductivity Cu-Ag alloys is a kind of functional materials with great physical and mechanical properties,which have high strength coupled with good conductivity.The present research on the structure,fabrication technology,strengthening and conducting mechanisms is reviewed,the development prospect for high strength and high conductivity Cu-Ag alloys is also pointed out.
Ultraviolet Imaging Detection Technology and Application in Corona Discharge Detection of Electrical Equipment

The characteristics and operating principle of ultraviolet(UV) imaging detection technology were discussed,and the technical characteristics of UV imaging were compared with those of the traditional preventive test and infrared detection.The application of the UV imaging detection technology in the electrical corona discharge detection was introduced through engineering cases,and the influencing factors on UV imaging detection were analyzed.Based on the analysis,the problems to be solved in practical application of the UV imaging detection technology were pointed out,such as ultraviolet photons calibration,evaluation of the consequences of corona discharge,and development of the protocol and criteria for UV imaging detection.
NXY-059. Centaur.

Centaur and AstraZeneca are developing NXY-059, an alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone derivative, free radical trapping agent, for the potential therapy of reperfusion injury following stroke. Phase II clinical trials are ongoing, with phase III trials in acute stroke planned for initiation in early 2003.
The Changing Climate for United States Law

Just a few years ago, the subject of American climate change law would not merit an article like this one, let alone the book that the American Bar Association has recently published on the subject. But the United States has changed, at least somewhat. At the moment, most important United States climate change law consists of state and local law, but there are signs that the federal government may create significant climate change law as well, at least after President Bush leaves office. This article has two goals. The obvious one is simply to describe some of the American climate change law's more important aspects. The second goal involves raising some questions about the dominant neoliberal approach to climate change in the United States, an approach that has heavily influenced the Kyoto Protocol and the law of countries implementing the Kyoto Protocol. I mean by this an approach that basically treats climate change as an economic problem, rather than as a legal problem of how to address an environmental crisis. Economics, of course, has something important to contribute to climate change law. But U.S. policy-makers have exhibited an unfortunate tendency to apply free market worship, rather than careful legal analysis informed by economics and other disciplines, to address climate change. I will only have space here to introduce these considerations briefly as I describe some key United States programs.
Involvement of AMPA Receptor and Its Flip and Flop Isoforms in Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Following Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation.

Purpose The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) subunits can be posttranscriptionally modified by alternative splicing forming flip and flop isoforms. We determined if an ischemia-like insult to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases AMPAR susceptibility to s-AMPA-mediated excitotoxicity through changes in posttranscriptional modified isoforms. Methods Purified neonatal rat RGCs were subjected to either glucose deprivation (GD) or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions followed by treatment with either 100 μM s-AMPA or Kainic acid. A live-dead assay and caspase 3 assay was used to assess cell viability and apoptotic changes, respectively. We used JC-1 dye and dihydroethidium to measure mitochondria depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Calcium imaging with fura-2AM was used to determine intracellular calcium, while the fluorescently-labeled probe, Nanoprobe1, was used to detect calcium-permeable AMPARs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was done to determine RNA editing sites AMPAR isoforms. Results Glucose deprivation, as well as an OGD insult followed by AMPAR stimulation, produced a significant increase in RGC death. Retinal ganglion cell death was independent of caspase 3/7 activity, but was accompanied by increased mitochondrial depolarization and increased ROS production. This was associated with an elevated intracellular Ca(2+) and calcium permeable-AMPARs. The mRNA expression of GLUA2 and GLUA3 flop isoform decreased significantly, while no appreciable changes were found in the corresponding flip isoforms. There were no changes in the Q/R editing of GLUA2, while R/G editing of GLUA2 flop declined under these conditions. Conclusions Following oxidative injury, RGCs become more susceptible to AMPAR-mediated excitotoxicity. RNA editing and changes in alternative spliced flip and flop isoforms of AMPAR subunits may contribute to increased RGC death.
Intracellular pH transients in rat diaphragm muscle measured with DMO.

Changes of the intracellular pH of rat diaphragm muscle were monitored at 30-min intervals with the weak acid DMO (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione). Transferring the muscle from a CO2-containing ...
Exploration of Plant Virus Replication Inside a Surrogate Host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Elucidates Complex and Conserved Mechanisms

Plant RNA viruses are intracellular infectious agents with limited coding capacity. Therefore, these viruses have developed sophisticated ways to co-opt numerous cellular factors to facilitate the viral infectious cycle. To understand virus-host interactions, it is necessary to identify all the host components that are co-opted for viral infections. Development of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a host greatly facilitated the progress in our understanding of plant virus, such as brome mosaic virus (BMV) and tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), interactions with the host cells. Systematic genome-wide screens using yeast genomic libraries have led to the identification of a large number of host factors affecting (+)RNA virus replication. In combination with proteomic approaches, both susceptibility and restriction factors for BMV and TBSV have been identified using yeast. More detailed biochemical and cellular studies then led to the dissection of molecular functions of many host factors that promote each step of the viral replication process. The development of in vitro systems with TBSV, such as yeast cell-free extract and purified active replicase assays, together with proteomics, lipidomics and artificial vesicle-based assays helped to comprehend the complex nature of virus replication. Subsequently, comparable pro- or antiviral functions of several of the characterized yeast host factors have been validated in plant hosts. Overall, yeast is an advanced model organism that has emerged as an attractive host to gain insights into the intricate interactions of plant viruses with host cells. This chapter describes our current understanding of virus-host interactions, based mostly on TBSV-yeast system. Many of the pioneering findings with TBSV are likely applicable to other plant and animal viruses and their interactions with their hosts. The gained knowledge on host factors could lead to novel specific or broad-range antiviral tools against viruses.
Consequences of Undercover Operations in Law Enforcement: a Review of Challenges and Best Practices

Undercover (UC) assignments are among the most stressful faced by law enforcement officers. Undercover work features isolation from colleagues and family, the necessity to adopt behaviors and false personal characteristics frequently opposite to the given officer’s beliefs and personality, and negative attention from members of the public and even from fellow officers while in the undercover role. Because of all of these factors, undercover work is frequently associated with problems in mental and physical health, and with difficulties in post-assignment social adjustment with family, community, and department. Undercover work is inherently difficult to research, but as the present review indicates, there is significant overlap between the symptomatology typical of undercover work and of that typical of non-UC police work, normally an area of greater research accessibility. These issues will be addressed below. In addition, this review identifies current best psychological practices in dealing with the undercover officer client; these include reliable, supportive, frequent contact with officer clients, psychoeducation in the areas of coping mechanisms, reframing of undercover work in terms of the overall corpus of the given officer’s career, and mechanisms of reintegration of the undercover officer into the realm of more typical, and frequently more mundane, regular police duties.
Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy

Adherence to antihypertensive medication remains a key modifiable factor in the management of hypertension. The multidimensional nature of adherence and blood pressure (BP) control call for multicomponent, patient-centered interventions to improve adherence. Promising strategies to improve antihypertensive medication adherence and BP control include regimen simplification, reduction of out-of-pocket costs, use of allied health professionals for intervention delivery, and self-monitoring of BP. Research to understand the effects of technology-mediated interventions, mechanisms underlying adherence behavior, and sex-race differences in determinants of low adherence and intervention effectiveness may enhance patient-specific approaches to improve adherence and disease control.
Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of CD30 in lymphoma

Introduction: CD30 is a cell surface receptor expressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and many other lymphomas to a variable degree. It has been identif...
Alterations in Body Composition After SCI and the Mitigating Role of Exercise

Spinal cord injury (SCI) profoundly influences human body composition due to an obligatory sarcopenia, drastically reduced basal metabolism and subsequent development of neurogenic obesity. This chapter will review the pathophysiology of SCI and adipose tissue, report on the current state of the science for body composition assessment in this vulnerable population and reflect upon the literature demonstrating body composition changes through exercise for persons with SCI. Recommendations for future investigations will also be provided.
A single-institution experience with the pembrolizumab (PEM) Expanded Access Program (EAP).

e20088 Background: PEM is contingently approved in the US to treat patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) whose disease progressed following ipilimumab (IPI) and a BRAF inhibitor (if BRAFV600-...
Congenital nasal obstruction in infants: A retrospective study and literature review.

Abstract Objectives To identify etiologies of congenital nasal obstruction and describe clinical practice patterns in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of symptomatic infants. Methods An electronic chart review from 1/1/2006–10/1/2016 for all patients with a diagnosis of nasal obstruction within the first six months of life using ICD-9 and 10 codes 478.19 and J34.89. Results A total of 34 patients were evaluated by the Division of Otolaryngology for this chief complaint. 38% of neonates were born premature and 32% were admitted to the NICU at birth, with a female-to-male ratio of 1:1.4. Presenting signs and symptoms included: stertor (44%), cyanosis (24%), stridor (24%), retractions (21%), rhinorrhea (21%), apnea (12%), and epistaxis (8%). 47% of patients received ancillary radiographic imaging (CT or MRI). Diagnoses observed include: midnasal stenosis (38%), pyriform aperture stenosis (21%), choanal stenosis (12%), dacryocystocele (6%), microrhinia (6%), septal deviation (6%), nasopharyngeal reflux (3%), nasopharyngeal teratoma (3%), neonatal rhinitis (3%), and pharyngeal wall collapse (3%). 71% of patients were noted to have bilateral nasal obstruction. 41% of infants were found to have an associated ear, nose, and throat anomaly. 15% of patients required surgical intervention. The mean time-to-resolution was 240 days. Conclusion Congenital nasal obstruction has a broad differential diagnosis: the timing, onset, and laterality of symptoms can provide insights into the source of upper airway compromise. Most infants improve through conservative management (i.e. suctioning, humidification) and medical therapies (i.e. intranasal drops, nasal sprays).
Breaking Health Insurance Knowledge Barriers Through Games: Pilot Test of Health Care America.

Background: Having health insurance is associated with a number of beneficial health outcomes. However, previous research suggests that patients tend to avoid health insurance information and often misunderstand or lack knowledge about many health insurance terms. Health insurance knowledge is particularly low among young adults. Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and test an interactive newsgame (newsgames are games that apply journalistic principles in their creation, for example, gathering stories to immerse the player in narratives) about health insurance. This game included entry-level information through scenarios and was designed through the collation of national news stories, local personal accounts, and health insurance company information. Methods: A total of 72 (N=72) participants completed in-person, individual gaming sessions. Participants completed a survey before and after game play. Results: Participants indicated a greater self-reported understanding of how to use health insurance from pre- (mean=3.38, SD=0.98) to postgame play (mean=3.76, SD=0.76); t71=−3.56, P=.001. For all health insurance terms, participants self-reported a greater understanding following game play. Finally, participants provided a greater number of correct definitions for terms after playing the game, (mean=3.91, SD=2.15) than they did before game play (mean=2.59, SD=1.68); t31=−3.61, P=.001. Significant differences from pre- to postgame play differed by health insurance term. Conclusions: A game is a practical solution to a difficult health issue—the game can be played anywhere, including on a mobile device, is interactive and will thus engage an apathetic audience, and is cost-efficient in its execution. [JMIR Serious Games 2017;5(4):e22]
25.2 UNDERSTANDING WHITE MATTER PATHOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA USING DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY.

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia consistently show global reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA), a putative marker of white matter integrity. Because magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies permit for the non-invasive measurements of neurometabolites, such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, and glutamate, which can be neurotoxic when over-released, this technique provides further understanding of the relationship between white matter microstructure and neuronal function.MethodsTwenty-nine schizophrenia patients and twenty controls participated in this 3T imaging study where we used DTI and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to assess white matter integrity of the cingulum bundle and MRS to quantify NAA and glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus, i.e. in cortico-limbic regions connected by the cingulum bundle.ResultsWe found FA reductions with overlapping radial diffusivity (RD) elevations in patients in multiple tracts, suggesting white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia are driven by loss of myelin integrity. In controls, but not in patients, high hippocampal NAA levels were significantly associated with low RD in the hippocampal part of the cingulum, and low ACC glutamate levels were significantly associated with high FA in the hippocampus part of the cingulum.DiscussionIn conclusion, we demonstrate the potential utility of a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to help further our understanding of the relationship between white matter microstructure and neurochemistry in distinct cortical regions connected by white matter tracts.
Novel applications of array comparative genomic hybridization in molecular diagnostics.

Introduction: In 2004, the implementation of array comparative genomic hybridization (array comparative genome hybridization [CGH]) into clinical practice marked a new milestone for genetic diagnos...
On Mach’s Curiosity about Shockwaves

Ernst Mach was basically an experimental physicist. Even upon his appointment as professor of the History and Theory of Inductive Science at the University of Vienna (1895) he announced in his inaugural lecture, “I shall remain a natural inquirer.” la Ten years later, in the Preface to Erkenntnis and Irrtum, he claimed, “I am not a philosopher at all, but only a scientist.” 2 At the very beginning of his professional career (1865), indeed, in a popular lecture at Graz, he had already set forth the creed of a serious inquirer: “Whoever has roamed through a beautiful country knows that the tourist’s delights increase with his progress. It is also true of the natural philosopher ... the first questions are formed upon the intention by the inquirer by practical considerations; the subsequent ones are not. An irresistible attraction draws him to these; a nobler interest which far transcends the mere needs of life.” 1b
The Limits of Expression: Language, Literature, Mind

Taking as its starting point what is sometimes called 'the prison house of language' - the widespread feeling that language falls terribly short when it comes to articulating the rich and disparate contents of the human mental tapestry - this book sets out a radically new view of the interplay between language, literature and mind. Shifting the focus from the literary text itself to literature as a case of human agency, it reconsiders a wide range of interdisciplinary issues including the move from world to mind, the existence or otherwise of a property of literariness or essence of art, the nature of literature as a unique output of human cognition and the possible distinctiveness of the mind that creates it. In constant dialogue with philosophy, linguistics and the cognitive sciences, this book offers an invaluable new treatment of literature and literary language, and sketches novel directions for literary study in the twenty-first century.
Long-term outcome and mode of recurrence following noninducibility during noninvasive programmed stimulation after ventricular tachycardia ablation.

Background Noninducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) at noninvasive programmed stimulation performed shortly following ablation (negative NIPS) predicts low risk of the medium-term recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate long-term rate and mode of recurrence following negative NIPS. Methods We extended follow-up on patients in whom no VT could be induced at NIPS following ablation between 2008 and 2010. Recurrent VTs were categorized as "Original clinical" if they matched VT that had occurred spontaneously prior to the index ablation; "Original nonclinical" if they matched VT that was induced during the index ablation but had not occurred spontaneously; or "New." Among those undergoing repeat ablation, the area ablated to treat the recurrent VT was categorized as "Targeted initial scar" if it was targeted during the index procedure; "Untargeted initial scar" if it was present but not targeted during the index procedure; or "New scar" if it was not present during the index procedure. Results Of 60 patients with negative NIPS, 18 (30%) had recurrent VT and nine underwent repeat ablation over (4.1 ± 3.2) years follow-up. Of 23 recurrent VTs, 18 (78%) were "New." During repeat ablations, six (46%) of the 13 recurrent VTs were ablated in "untargeted initial scar" and four (31%) in "new scar." Conclusions When spontaneous or inducible VTs are eliminated with ablation and no longer inducible during NIPS, these VTs are unlikely to recur during long-term follow-up. More commonly, new VTs occur, which are either associated with areas of scar not present or not targeted during the initial ablation.
Expressing melodic grouping discontinuities: Evidence from violinists’ rubato and motion:

Within phrases, melodies can be perceived as continuous or discontinuous. Large pitch intervals tend to promote the perception of melodic discontinuity, though surrounding pitch contexts can promot...
A First-Year ILL Librarian’s Experience with the Human Element

AbstractInterlibrary loan is a service that involves the borrowing and lending of items between libraries. What also underscores this service is the human communication exchanges had with patrons and ILL staff via emails, phone calls, notes, etc. to ensure that items are correctly processed in a timely manner. This article is written from the perspective of a first-year ILL librarian highlighting the position from the one thing that is known but may get overlooked in the grand scheme of daily transactions: the human element.
Conditions that influence production of Anionic Peptide in ruminant epithelium

Objective. Anionic peptides (AP) are small antimicrobial peptides originally purified from ovine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung. The objective is to establish the presence of AP in normal and pneumonic lungs of cattle. Animals. Six healthy neonatal Holstein calves and four healthy young adult calves. ' This work was supported, in part, by the State of Iowa Healthy Livestock Initiative and USDA Grant #9935204-7681. Portions of the data presented in this manuscript were presented in a poster at the 1999 General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois. ' Acknowledgements; The authors thank Dr. Zaher Radi for his assistance with the manuscript, Keith DeJong for assistance in the laboratory, Margaret Carter of the ISU Image Analysis Center and Jim Fosse of the ISU Biomedical Communications Department for assistance with digital images. ' Corresponding author: Amanda J. Fales-Williams, Department of Veterinary Pathology Room 2710, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, afales@iastate.edu •* Dr. Brogden, a member of the POS Committee for Amanda J. Fales-Williams, performed the ELISA and antibacterial assays on the BAL fluid to determine the concentration and antibacterial activity of AP in this manuscript. ^ Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa, 50011 (Fales-Williams, Huffinan, Gallup, Ackermann); Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, Iowa, 50010 (Brogden)
Moral Responsibility for Actions and Omissions: The Asymmetry Thesis Rejected

There is an important contemporary debate in moral responsibility about whether the following asymmetry thesis is true: moral responsibility for actions does not require alternative possibilities but moral responsibility for omissions does. In this paper, we do two things. First, we consider and reject a recent argument against the asymmetry thesis, contending that the argument fails because it rests on a false view about the metaphysics of omissions. Second, we develop and defend a new argument against the asymmetry thesis, one that avoids the problem with the first argument by not resting on any assumptions about what omissions are metaphysically.
Potentially Electric: An E-Textiles Project as a Model for Teaching Electric Potential

Electric potential is one of the most challenging concepts taught in high school physics classes due to the abstract nature of the concept. When taught, electric potential is often taught using a poorly triangulated set of instructional analogies, each possessing different strengths and limitations. Within this paper we share our learning from a two-week electronic textiles (e-textiles) unit designed to help students in an AP high school physics course improve their understanding of electric potential through the construction of a project entitled “The Slouching T-shirt” (STS) (Fig. 1). The STS project was part of a larger instructional unit on electricity and energy that seeks to make connections between energy, electric potential, and computer programming central to student learning.
Interpreting Degree Semantics.

Contemporary research in compositional, truth-conditional semantics often takes judgments of the relative unacceptability of certain phrasal combinations as evidence for lexical semantics. For example, observing that "completely full" sounds perfectly natural whereas "completely tall" doesn’t has been used to motivate a distinction whereby the lexical entry for "full" but not for "tall" specifies a scalar endpoint. So far, such inferences seem unobjectionable. In general, however, applying this methodology can lead to dubious conclusions. For example, observing that "slightly bent" is natural but "slightly cheap" is not (that is, not without a 'too cheap' interpretation) leads researchers to suggest that the interpretation of bent involves a scalar minimum but cheap does not, contra intuition—after all, one would think that what is minimally cheap is (just) free. Such claims, found in sufficient abundance, raise the question of how we can support semantic theories that posit properties of entities that those entities appear to lack. This paper argues, using theories of adjectival scale structure as a test case, that the (un)acceptability data recruited in semantic explanations reveals properties of a two- stage system of semantic interpretation which can support divergences between our semantic and metaphysical intuitions.
Racial and Socioeconomic Factors Influence Utilization of Advanced Therapies in Commercially Insured OAB Patients: An Analysis of Over 800,000 OAB Patients.

Abstract Objective To determine if racial and/or socioeconomic factors influence advanced therapy utilization for refractory overactive bladder (OAB) among the commercially insured. Methods We queried Optum, a national claims database, between 2003 and 2017. Non-neurogenic OAB patients were identified using ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes. Demographic and treatment data were collected, including oral medication therapies (anticholinergic, beta3 agonists), and advanced therapies (OnabotulinumtoxinA [BTX], Sacral Nerve Stimulation [SNS], percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation [PTNS]). Associations between patient sociodemographic factors and advanced therapy utilization were explored. Results Of 4,229,617 OAB patients, 807,612 (19%) received medical therapies, of which 95% received oral medications only and only 4.7% received advanced therapies. Asians had the lowest use of oral therapy use (14% vs 18%-19% in other races/ethnicities, P ( less than a bachelor's degree) (OR 0.97 [0.94,0.99]), and Northeast region were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving advanced therapies (P Conclusion Among commercially insured, racial and socioeconomic factors predict utilization of advanced OAB therapies, including race/ethnicity, age, gender, education level, and region.
Acute Hyponatremia After a Religious Fast

Abstract Objective Our objective is to describe how polydipsia and intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) after fasting while breastfeeding may result in acute symptomatic hyponatremia. Case Report We present the case of a 24-year-old woman at 4 weeks postpartum who engaged in a 20-hour fast from both eating and drinking, during which she continued to breastfeed her newborn child. After ending her fast, she noted decreased milk supply. Attributing her decreased milk supply to dehydration, she then consumed 4 L of water with little salt and also took NSAIDs for a headache, which continued to worsen. Upon presentation to the emergency department, she was found to have a sodium level of 124 mEq/L (normal, 135-145 mEq/L) and a urine specific gravity of 1.015 (normal, 1.005 – 1.030). Thyroid function and cortisol level test results were normal. She was diagnosed with acute symptomatic hypovolemic hyponatremia. After 1 L of normal saline her sodium rapidly corrected to normal and her symptoms resolved. At 2 months of follow-up she was asymptomatic and had no further episodes of hyponatremia. Discussion Due to the patient's gender and small body size, 4 L of water was sufficient to lower her serum sodium rapidly from normal to 124 mEq/L. She was unable to excrete this water due to a combination of hypovolemia-mediated arginine vasopressin and NSAID use. Conclusion Clinicians should be cognizant that reproductive-age women are uniquely susceptible to hyponatremia and dangerous sequelae therein. They should counsel fasting individuals, particularly lactating women, to consume solute as well as fluid after fasting.