cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a Superior Customer-Relating Capability

In most markets, one or two companies outperform their rivals by staying more closely connected to their customers. Their advantage does not have much to do with customer-relationship-management tools and technologies; the author's research confirms, rather, that superior performance is about how a business builds and manages its organization. In particular, successful companies orchestrate three components of the customer-relating capability. First, they have an organizational orientation that makes customer retention a priority and gives employees wide latitude to satisfy customers. Second, they use metrics, incentives and structure (organizing on the basis of customer groups) to produce the proper "configuration." And third, they gather and use information about customers that is in-depth, relevant and available through IT systems in all parts of the company. The author uses case studies involving two major credit-card companies and a high-quality chain of hotels to demonstrate how sustained advantage with customers results when companies build these components of the capability. The combination of a true customer-directed orientation, the right technology for generating and distributing information, and the proper organizational configuration can help turn a company into a market-driven leader.
Thinking Beyond the Tube Graft: Using Malperfusion as a Guide to Define Treatment of Type A Dissection∗

Acute type A aortic dissection is a catastrophic disease, with mortality traditionally estimated at 80% in the first 48 h of symptoms and operative mortality approaching 20%. In this issue of the Journal , Czerny et al. [(1)][1] analyze one of the largest multicenter registries of aortic dissection
An Ultrafast Thin-Film Microcalorimeter with Monola Yer Sensitivity (J/m2)

The authors introduce a high-sensitivity ({approximately}1 J/m{sup 2}) scanning microcalorimeter that can be used to perform direct calorimetric measurements on thin film samples at ultrafast heating rate ({approximately} 10{sup 4} C/s). This novel microcalorimeter is fabricated by utilizing SiN thin-film membrane technology, resulting in dramatically reduced thermal mass of the system. Calorimetric measurements are accomplished by applying a dc-current pulse to the thin-film metal (Ni) heater which also serves as a thermometer, and monitoring the real-time voltage and current of the heater. The temperature of the system and the energy delivered to the system are then determined. This calorimetric technique has been demonstrated by measuring the melting process of thin Sn films with thickness ranging from 13 to 1,000 {angstrom}, and shows potential for calorimetric probing of irreversible reactions at interfaces and surfaces, as well as transformations in nanostructured materials,
A stochastic optimization approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings and transportation

The magnitude of building- and transportation-related GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions makes the adoption of all-EVs (electric vehicles) powered with renewable power as one of the most effective strategies to reduce emission of GHGs. This paper formulates the problem of GHG mitigation strategy under uncertain conditions and optimizes the strategies in which EVs are powered by solar energy. Under a pre-specified budget, the objective is to determine the type of EV and power generation capacity of the solar system in such a way as to maximize GHG emissions reductions. The model supports the three primary solar systems: off-grid, grid-tied, and hybrid. First, a stochastic optimization model using probability distributions of stochastic variables and EV and solar system specifications is developed. The model is then validated by comparing the estimated values of the optimal strategies and actual values. It is found that the mitigation strategies in which EVs are powered by a hybrid solar system lead to the best cost-expected reduction of CO2 emissions ratio. The results show an accuracy of about 4% for mitigation strategies in which EVs are powered by a grid-tied or hybrid solar system and 11% when applied to estimate the CO2 emissions reductions of an off-grid system.
Role of the Erythrocyte in Inhibition by Allantoic Fluid of Mumps Virus Hemagglutination

SummaryIt is shown that the inhibitor present in allantoic fluid for hemagglutination by and absorption of mumps virus is more active when human erythrocytes rather than when chicken red blood cells are used. It appears that the species of erythrocyte present influences the reaction between mumps virus and inhibitor in the direction of more or less combined (non-hemagglutinating) virus. A similar influence, though to a less striking degree, is also shown for the red blood cell in the influenza virus-inhibitor reaction.
Cellular immune and cytokine pathways resulting in tissue factor expression and relevance to septic shock.

Cells of monocyte lineage serve as effector cells in the cellular immune response. In addition, they respond to LPS and cytokines with activation and expression of inflammatory effector gene products similar to those elicited by the antigen driven response. The response to antigen proceeds at the T helper cell level through two independent forms of cellular collaboration, contact and lymphokine. We review the control of expression of the Tissue Factor (TF) gene and the function of the TF protein. The enhanced initiation of transcription of the TF gene appears to require engagement of a 56 bp LPS Response Element, an enhancer that is engaged by both AP-1 type heterodimeric complexes as well as NF kappa B like heterodimeric complexes. Dissociation of NF kappa B from Ig kappa B by cytokine and LPS stimulation, and possibly activated T cells, may represent a common pathway to induction of the TF and other inflammatory genes. Enhancement of expression of TF is observed upon adhesion of Mo to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins, as well as upon engagement of leukocyte integrins. The biological effects that follow from expression of TF by vascular cells have been resolved by analysis of function aided by the use of recombinant full length TF and truncated surface domain of TF. The rules of assembly of the cognate ligands of TF, namely the zymogen plasma factors VII and the serine protease factor VIIa, with the soluble surface domain of TF in free solution, in the presence of phospholipid surfaces and cell surface and of the anchored TF molecule have been described. It is evident that assembly of the surface domain of TF with VIIa to form the binary TF.VIIa complex induces a significant increase in the Kcat of the catalytic domain of VIIa for small peptidyl substrates and more profoundly for protein substrate. This provides substantial evidence for an allosteric effect on the catalytic cleft of VIIa that is imparted by binding to TF, its cognate catalytic cofactor. It is also evident that the TF.VIIa complex is proteolytically active and can activate the zymogen plasma factor X to the serine protease Xa in free solution, inferring that extended substrate recognition by induced structural loci of the TF.VIIa complex are created from either or both proteins to constitute a new recognition structure. It is also evident that association of X with charged phospholipid surfaces enhances the proteolytic activation of this zymogen by increasing recognition and susceptibility of the sessile peptide bond deduced from the markedly decreased Km and increased Kcat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Justice in America: Racial Bias in the Justice System

In the last chapter, we defined the central role that fairness judgments will play in our analysis. To understand the huge race gap in public reactions to events (e.g., police brutality) and policies (e.g., racial profiling, or even ostensibly race-neutral policies such as the death penalty or three-strikes laws) in the justice system, it is essential to examine the races' diverging views of the fairness of the system. In subsequent chapters, we take a close look at the content, sources, and consequences of global views of the fairness of the justice system among Blacks and Whites. In this chapter, we confront several preliminary and altogether crucial questions in our analysis. Lurking behind any study of public perceptions of political objects is the question of whether these perceptions bear any resemblance to political and social reality. Accordingly, we begin this chapter with an assessment of whether the justice system in the United States is fair. More specifically, we ask: to what degree, and under what circumstances, is the justice system racially biased? As we will see in the discussion in the following text, this is not an easy question to answer. Determining whether racial disparities in arrests, sentencing, incarceration, and police misconduct are due to characteristics of offenders (who are disproportionately Black) or discrimination by agents of the system (e.g., police or prosecutors) is a difficult task.
Sustainable waste mitigation: biotemplated nanostructured ZnO for photocatalytic water treatment via extraction of biofuels from hydrothermal carbonization of banana stalk

Working at the food-energy-water nexus, we identified an abundant agricultural waste with little intrinsic value – banana stalk – that can be converted to biofuels via hydrothermal carbonization. However, to make biomass to biofuel conversions economically viable, we must identify value-added products to add to the biorefinery, such as materials for water treatment. Both the resulting hydrochar and raw biomass were biotemplated with zinc acetate to yield ZnO nanostructures with surface areas ∼20 m2 g−1. The zincite particles were able to degrade a model organic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution. Though both the raw biomass and hydrochar yielded particles with similar surface areas, the photocatalytic activity of the raw templated particles was superior. We believe this is due to a higher concentration of calcium (naturally present in the banana biomass) in the hydrochar relative to the raw biomass. The calcium produced calcite crystals in the biotemplated materials, which may hinder the ZnO photocatalytic activity. However, the CaO may be useful for removing heavy metals from water and catalyzing biofuel production.
Agency and Certitude: The Dichotomy in Family Decision-Making

There appears to be an increasing emphasis on rule-making and prescription as the preferred means for problem-solving and avoidance of decision risk in individual and family life, and by the institutions which impact on us in our families. Such an approach to family decision-making and the decision-making which affects families is evidence that the principle of agency is losing ground as individuals and families turn increasingly toward certitude in their personal and group decisions. The purpose of this paper is to examine these two approaches to decision-making in families and their relationship to decision context. (Viriginia F. Cutler Lecture presented at Brigham Young University 18 November 1982.)
Interface Structure, Band Alignment, and Built-In Potentials at LaFeO 3 / n − SrTiO 3 Heterojunctions

Interface structure at polar-nonpolar interfaces has been shown to be a key factor in controlling emergent behavior in oxide heterostructures, including the LaFeO_{3}/n-SrTiO_{3} system. We demonstrate via high-energy-resolution x-ray photoemission that epitaxial LaFeO_{3}/n-SrTiO_{3}(001) heterojunctions engineered to have opposite interface polarities exhibit very similar band offsets and potential gradients within the LaFeO_{3} films. However, differences in the potential gradient within the SrTiO_{3} layer depending on polarity may promote hole diffusion into LaFeO_{3} for applications in photocatalysis.
Impact of Nonmedical Vaccine Exemption Policies on the Health and Economic Burden of Measles

Abstract Objective Despite relatively high national vaccination coverage for measles, geographic vaccination variation exists resulting in clusters of susceptibility. A portion of this geographic variation can be explained by differences in state policies related to nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The objective of this analysis was to determine the magnitude, likelihood, and cost of a measles outbreak under different nonmedical vaccine exemption policies. Methods An agent-based transmission model simulated the likelihood and magnitude of a measles outbreak under different nonmedical vaccine exemption policies, previously categorized as easy, medium, or difficult. The model accounted for measles herd immunity, infectiousness of the pathogen, vaccine efficacy, duration of incubation and communicable periods, acquired natural immunity, and the rate of recovery. Public health contact tracing was also modeled. Model outcomes, including the number of secondary cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, were monetized to determine the economic burden of the simulated outbreaks. Results A state with easy nonmedical vaccine exemption policies is 140% and 190% more likely to experience a measles outbreak compared with states with medium or difficult policies, respectively. The magnitude of these outbreaks can be reduced by half by strengthening exemption policies. These declines are associated with significant cost reductions to public health, the health care system, and the individual. Conclusions Strengthening nonmedical vaccine exemption policies is 1 mechanism to increase vaccination coverage to reduce the health and economic effect of a measles outbreak. States exploring options for decreasing their vulnerability to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases should consider more stringent requirements for nonmedical vaccine exemptions.
Identifying key radiogenomic associations between DCE-MRI and micro-RNA expressions for breast cancer

Understanding the key radiogenomic associations for breast cancer between DCE-MRI and micro-RNA expressions is the foundation for the discovery of radiomic features as biomarkers for assessing tumor progression and prognosis. We conducted a study to analyze the radiogenomic associations for breast cancer using the TCGA-TCIA data set. The core idea that tumor etiology is a function of the behavior of miRNAs is used to build the regression models. The associations based on regression are analyzed for three study outcomes: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The diagnosis group consists of miRNAs associated with clinicopathologic features of breast cancer and significant aberration of expression in breast cancer patients. The prognosis group consists of miRNAs which are closely associated with tumor suppression and regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The treatment group consists of miRNAs that contribute significantly to the regulation of metastasis thereby having the potential to be part of therapeutic mechanisms. As a first step, important miRNA expressions were identified and their ability to classify the clinical phenotypes based on the study outcomes was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as a figure-of-merit. The key mapping between the selected miRNAs and radiomic features were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis within a two-loop leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. These key associations indicated a number of radiomic features from DCE-MRI to be potential biomarkers for the three study outcomes.
Frozen Sections of the Liver

Intraoperative consultation requires skills in gross examination and histologic diagnosis, as well as an ability to perform rapid interpretations under time constraints. The aim of this review is to provide surgical pathologists with a framework for dealing with hepatic specimens in the frozen section area by covering common clinical scenarios and histologic findings. Differential diagnoses are considered in relation to primary hepatic neoplasia and metastatic diseases. Benign mimics of malignancy and other pitfalls in frozen section diagnosis of lesional tissue are covered. Finally, assessment of donor liver biopsy for organ transplant evaluation is discussed.
Directional Sound Detection by Sensing Acoustic Flow

The ability to determine the direction of propagation of an acoustic wave is crucial to sound source detection, localization, and identification. Current techniques based on sensing acoustic pressure using membranes at multiple spatial locations tend to have directionality and output sensitivity that depend strongly on the sound frequency, which compromises performance, especially in miniaturized applications. Unlike pressure, which is a scalar, the fluctuating flow of the acoustic medium (i.e., the acoustic particle velocity) is a vector, which inherently contains the direction information of sound propagation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an alternative, and more direct, method of directional sound detection by sensing acoustic flow using nanofibers, which are driven by viscous forces applied by the fluctuating medium. The measured output signal of this prototype sensor exhibits bidirectional response and flat frequency response across a wide range of frequencies from 100 ${\rm Hz}$ to 10000 ${\rm Hz}$ . While pressure-sensing microphones now enjoy an annual market in the billions of units sold, a broadband sound flow sensor with almost full fidelity will provide considerable benefits.
Invertebrate Learning: Current Perspectives

Publisher Summary Invertebrates have been useful in the study of learning and memory because of the relative simplicity of their nervous systems. The nervous systems of many invertebrates contain only several thousand neurons, and some of the cells are relatively large and identifiable. The nematode, a simple multicellular organism consisting of approximately 1000 somatic cells, has long been used as a model system to study the genetics of nervous system development. In leech, several behaviors of intact animals can be modulated by nonassociative learning, including movement in response to light and water currents, swimming, local bending, and defensive shortening. The field of invertebrate learning has generated a number of general features that appear to be characteristic of learning in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. A significant trend in the study of invertebrate learning has been the focus on broader behavioral questions that have long been central to the study of learning invertebrates. The study of neural networks opens new possibilities for the mechanisms that may mediate the fundamental properties of the associative process.
Structurally motivated damage models for arterial walls. Theory and application

The mechanical integrity of the arterial wall is vital for the health of the individual. This integrity is in turn dependent on the state of the central load bearing components of the wall: collagen fibres, elastic fibres and smooth muscle. Of these, the elastic fibres, composed largely of the protein elastin, are viewed as responsible for the highly elastic behaviour of the wall at low loads [92]. The collagen fibres are recruited under increasing extension, leading to a highly nonlinear behaviour of the arterial wall [117]. They are responsible for the structural integrity of the wall at elevated physiological loads. Changes in the quantity, distribution, orientation and mechanical properties of these components (the microstructure) are known to occur as part of a healthy response to changing stimuli (e.g. growth and remodelling) as well as during pathological and damage processes in disease and aging. For example, degradation of the elastic fibres is linked to pathological conditions including cerebral aneurysms [12, 15, 20, 65], dissection aneurysms [101], arteriosclerosis [11, 44, 86, 113, 114], and complications from balloon angioplasty [84]. Age related arterial stiffening is attributed to degradation of the elastic fibres, possibly from fatigue failure [11, 30]. The subject of arterial damage is addressed in Sect. 6.4.
Bodies and Motions

The concept of a material body is discussed, along with the laws of motion, the axioms of frame indifference for force and mass, and various kinematical results. The physical frame of reference e is taken to correspond to a three dimensional physical point space.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PHAGOCYTOSIS BY HEMOCYTES OF THE AMERICAN OYSTER

ABSTRACT: The electron microscopical study of oyster hemocytes has shown that electron dense particles within the cytoplasm are extruded from the cells. At the same time, latex beads are internalized and are found in membrane-bound vesicles within the cells. The vesicles appear to be primary phagosomes. Beads phagocytosed in funnel-shaped pseudopodium appear to change shape during the process. The primary phagosomes appear to be capable of fusing as seen by the presence of several beads within a single membrane.
Delamination in Graphite-Epoxy

This summary is intended to provide the perspective and philosophy of the presentation made in Capri. The substance of the presentation is published elsewhere1.
Formas inciertas: La política precaria en el Estado neoliberal peruano

El presente articulo busca explorar la manera en como la colectividad y la autoridad son percibidas y entendidas en el contexto de un Estado neoliberal, recientemente descentralizado. En ese sentido, la autora utiliza el concepto de gobierno postregulatorio para referirse a las formas de gobierno, prevalentes en Peru y America Latina, dentro de las cuales el ejercicio y la emision de estandares y normas regulatorias han pasado a las manos de agencias e instituciones no-estatales. Al proveer ejemplos de escenarios reales de toma de decision al nivel local y regional de gobierno en los Andes peruanos, la autora busca demostrar como tres componentes: colectividad, politica y derecho, se han reconfigurado como elementos caracteristicos del recientemente descentralizado estado peruano.
The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectroscopy provides a method for measuring optical and thermal properties of materials in a variety of physical forms. Measurement of the sample response to modulated radiation can employ pressure transducers, sensitive temperature probes, laser beam deflection, surface displacement, and piezoelectric detectors. This range of detectors permits samples to be studied in liquid, gaseous, or high vacuum environments over a wide range of temperatures. This paper reviews the generation of a PAS signal and the experimental configurations used for various modes of signal detection. Attention is paid to the special features associated with low temperature measurements and the relatively sparse literature extant in this area is briefly discussed.
Development roles: contingency and performance in alternative agriculture in Telangana, India

Paul Richards invokes the metaphor of performance in agriculture to highlight the ways in which farmers improvise and draw on repertory knowledge to address new and unexpected problems in the field. This skillset helps farmers respond to shifting weather patterns or changing pest cycles, but it also helps farmers take advantage of new markets, technologies, and development interventions – a question of planning and context as much as improvisation in the moment. This article discusses two intervention failures and one success in Telangana cotton agriculture, arguing that such agricultural interventions succeed when farmers can align development performances with their own visions of development and agricultural success. In doing so, it offers a political ecology of farmer performance on two levels. First, it brings attention to the ecological and socioeconomic factors that inspire performances and structure farmer improvisations. Second, it argues that development initiatives must recognize their efforts as embedded within local agricultural planning and contingent on local calculations of social capital. In two ultimately unsuccessful interventions, farmers withdrew from programs that required investments of time and agricultural methods but did not underwrite important social and agricultural vulnerabilities identified by participants. In one successful intervention, farmers found that an NGO's willingness to respond to their agricultural needs and provide a stage for the cultivation of a local celebrity more than compensated for the new demands of non-certified organic agriculture. In a rural Indian context, where farming is a moral as well as agricultural process, the performance of a development identity is an integral part of performances and plans that guide farmer decision-making. Because these performances create a knowledge that cannot be separated from actors, roles, and stages present, these contingent performances ultimately have lasting impacts on the agrarian landscape. Key Words: India, alternative agriculture, performance, knowledge
Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in an Adolescent Male with Pyogenic Liver Abscess

Large pyogenic liver abscess is a rare and difficult to treat entity in pediatric patients. Percutaneous drainage rather than open surgical drainage has become more common in recent years, even for large abscesses. Percutaneous drainage can be complicated by catheter obstruction. We present the case of a 16-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, fever, and chills. He was diagnosed with a 9-centimeter liver abscess. A CT-guided percutaneous drainage was placed. The catheter initially drained well, but then became occluded. Tissue plasminogen activator was instilled into the catheter every 6 hours for a total of five doses, resulting in increased drainage and improved clinical state of the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of tissue plasminogen activator in pyogenic liver abscess in the pediatric population.
Role of tumor and host autophagy in cancer metabolism

Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) degrades and recycles cytoplasmic constituents to sustain cellular and mammalian metabolism and survival during starvation. Deregulation of autophagy is involved in numerous diseases, such as cancer. Cancers up-regulate autophagy and depend on it for survival, growth, and malignancy in a tumor cell-autonomous fashion. Recently, it has become apparent that autophagy in host tissues as well as the tumor cells themselves contribute to tumor growth. Understanding how autophagy regulates metabolism and tumor growth has revealed new essential tumor nutrients, where they come from, and how they are supplied and used, which can now be targeted for cancer therapy.
Dislocation surface nucleation in surfactant-passivated metallic nanocubes

The strength of single-crystalline nanoscale metals is controlled by dislocation nucleation from free surfaces. Surface properties such as crystallographic orientation, surface stress, and surface diffusion have been proposed as key parameters that control dislocation surface nucleation, but have not been confirmed experimentally. To investigate the influence of surface parameters, in situ scanning electron microscope mechanical testing is used to compress defect-free Ag and Cu nanocubes that are passivated with organic surfactants in order to tune their surface properties. Comparison between passivated nanocubes indicates that yield strength may depend on surfactant binding energy, but is also dependent on intrinsic material properties.
Alternative splicing of a precursor-mRNA encoded by the Chlorella sorokiniana NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase gene yields mRNAs for precursor proteins of isozyme subunits with different ammonium affinities.

Chlorella sorokiniana has seven ammonium-inducible, chloroplastic NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) isozymes composed of varying ratios of α- and β-subunits. Southern blot and allele-specific PCR analyses indicate that the C. sorokiniana genome possesses a single 7178 bp nuclear NADP-GDH gene. cDNA cloning and sequencing, 5′-RACE-PCR analysis, and RNase protection analysis identified two NADP-GDH mRNAs that are identical with the exception of a 42 nt sequence located within the 5′-coding region of the longer mRNA. The 42 nt sequence, termed an auxon because it serves as an exon or intron, appears to undergo alternative splicing from the precursor mRNA by a process that is regulated by both nutritional and environmental signals. Depending upon whether the auxon is included or excluded in a mature mRNA, the gene can be considered to consist of 22 or 23 exons, respectively. The 2074 and 2116 nt mRNAs encode precursor proteins of 56350 and 57850 Da, respectively. The N-termini of the purified mature α- and β-subunits were sequenced, identifying full-length subunits of 53501 and 52342 Da, respectively. The sequences of the subunits are identical except for an 11 amino acid extension at the N-terminus of the α-subunit. The α-subunit has an additional α-helical domain at its N-terminus compared with the β-subunit. By correlating the abundances of the two mRNAs with the levels (and relative turnover rates) of the α- and β-subunit antigens during induction in Chlorella, the larger mRNA is proposed to encode the larger subunit.
Convolutional neural network for efficient estimation of regional brain strains.

Head injury models are important tools to study concussion biomechanics but are impractical for real-world use because they are too slow. Here, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate regional brain strains instantly and accurately by conceptualizing head rotational velocity profiles as two-dimensional images for input. We use two impact datasets with augmentation to investigate the CNN prediction performances with a variety of training-testing configurations. Three strain measures are considered, including maximum principal strain (MPS) of the whole brain, MPS of the corpus callosum, and fiber strain of the corpus callosum. The CNN is further tested using an independent impact dataset (N = 314) measured in American football. Based on 2592 training samples, it achieves a testing R2 of 0.916 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.014 for MPS of the whole brain. Combining all impact-strain response data available (N = 3069), the CNN achieves an R2 of 0.966 and RMSE of 0.013 in a 10-fold cross-validation. This technique may enable a clinical diagnostic capability to a sophisticated head injury model, such as facilitating head impact sensors in concussion detection via a mobile device. In addition, it may transform current acceleration-based injury studies into focusing on regional brain strains. The trained CNN is publicly available along with associated code and examples at https://github.com/Jilab-biomechanics/CNN-brain-strains. They will be updated as needed in the future.
Teaching Dance Techniques in an Aging Body: Perspectives and Recommendations from Dance Educators

Postsecondary dance technique teachers negotiate extensive physical demands throughout their careers. As they rise through the academic ranks, their bodies age, and with age sometimes comes limited...
LensKit for Python: Next-Generation Software for Recommender Systems Experiments

LensKit is an open-source toolkit for building, researching, and learning about recommender systems. First released in 2010 as a Java framework, it has supported diverse published research, small-scale production deployments, and education in both MOOC and traditional classroom settings. In this paper, I present the next generation of the LensKit project, re-envisioning the original tool's objectives as flexible Python package for supporting recommender systems research and development. LensKit for Python (LKPY) enables researchers and students to build robust, flexible, and reproducible experiments that make use of the large and growing PyData and Scientific Python ecosystem, including scikit-learn, and TensorFlow. To that end, it provides classical collaborative filtering implementations, recommender system evaluation metrics, data preparation routines, and tools for efficiently batch running recommendation algorithms, all usable in any combination with each other or with other Python software. This paper describes the design goals, use cases, and capabilities of LKPY, contextualized in a reflection on the successes and failures of the original LensKit for Java software.
Sustaining Independent Careers in Vision Research: Demographics and Success in Second R01 Attainment Among Clinician-Scientists from 1985 to 2019.

Purpose To evaluate the success of ophthalmology and optometry clinician-scientists in obtaining a second R01 (renewal or new) and factors associated with this success, including gender, clinical specialty, degree, institution, and bench versus non-bench research. Methods First-time National Eye Institute (NEI) R01 awardee data from 1985 to 2014 (N = 234) were analyzed to calculate second R01 success rates. Only R01 awards to ophthalmology or optometry clinician-scientists were included. Demographic data were obtained from clinicians with first-time NEI R01 funding spanning from 1962 to 2019 (N = 386). We obtained information regarding time span of the first R01, year of second R01, institution, and project title on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool, Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) database, and additional measures of gender, clinical specialty, and degree by performing Internet searches. Results Overall, from 1985 to 2014, 62.8% of ophthalmology or optometry clinician-scientists were awarded a second R01; at 5 years after receipt of the first R01 (the typical length of an R01), only 3.9% received their second R01. None of the factors examined (temporal cohort, gender, clinical specialty, degree, institution, or bench vs. non-bench research) was significantly associated with successful attainment of a second R01. Conclusions We found an overall success rate of 62.8% for receiving a second R01, but 5 years after the first R01 an attainment rate for a second R01 of only ∼4%. Translational Relevance Our study provides insight on significant leaks in the clinician-scientist pipeline and raises questions of how stakeholders should support this important group of individuals at the intersection of clinical medicine and biomedical research.
Presentation and outcomes of orbital cellulitis caused by Group F Streptococcus

PURPOSE: To compare the presentation and outcomes of patients with orbital cellulitis requiring surgical intervention caused by the Group F Streptococcus (GFS) versus other bacteria. We hypothesize that patients with GFS infections have a more severe presentation and worse clinical outcomes compared to infections by other bacteria. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval at a large academic institutional center, 70 patients with culture-positive orbital cellulitis who required surgical intervention were identified. Clinical examinations before and after surgery as well as preoperative imaging with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. The study measures were preoperative and postoperative vision, motility, involved sinus disease, complications, and total hospital length of stay. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Characteristics of patients were compared using Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (27%) had positive cultures for GFS and 51 patients (73%) had positive cultures for other bacterial species. There was no significant difference in visual acuity, motility, or inflammatory markers in patients with GFS compared to other patients. Patients with GFS were noted to have more sinus involvement on presentation compared to patients with other bacterial infections (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: GFS associated orbital cellulitis is associated with significantly more sinus involvement, but has similar outcomes as orbital cellulitis from other bacterial species.
Source Coding and Rate Distortion

We now consider the problem of Section 12.3, whose notation we also adopt, except that now $$ {\hat X_n} = {\phi _1}\left( {{f_0}\left( {{X_n},{Y_n}} \right),\;{f_1}\left( {{X_n},{Y_n}} \right)} \right) $$ is an n-sequence in the reproduction alphabet {1,..., c}. As usual, C*n will denote the space of such sequences. A distortion function d1 between elements of A = {1,..., a} and C = {1,..., c} is given, and the distortion between n-sequences defined in the usual manner, i.e., $$ \begin{gathered} {d_1}\left( {{a_1},{c_n}} \right) = {d_1}\left( {\left[ {{a^1},...,{a^n}} \right],\left[ {{c^1},...,{c^n}} \right]} \right) \hfill \\ \quad \quad \quad \;\;\; = \frac{1} {n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{d_1}\left( {{a^i},{c^1}} \right)} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ .
Tractional force generation by porcine Müller cells: stimulation by growth factors in human vitreous.

Purpose. To examine the levels of Muller cell contraction-stimulating activity in human vitreous, correlate these levels with clinical presentation, and identify the causative growth factors. Methods. Human vitreous was collected from patients undergoing pans plana vitrectomy (n = 84). Muller cells were isolated from porcine retina and maintained in tissue culture. Tractional forces generated by cells incubated on three-dimensional collagen gels were measured as changes in gel thickness. Contraction-stimulating activity in vitreous (VA) was calculated from the dose-response profiles of gel contraction to vitreous protein. The contributions of individual growth factors to vitreous activity (n = 10) were assessed by inhibition with specific neutralizing antibodies. Results. The mean VA of patients with retinal detachment (3.65) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy stages A, B, and (1 (2.06) were elevated above that of patients without retinal pathology (vitreous activites = ().23) or retinal defects alone (().57). Mean activities in patients with epimacular proliferation (1.22) and vitreous hemorrhage (1.40) were also significantly elevated. The percentage of this activity attributable to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I ) varied from 9.2% to 84.5% with a mean of 61.3%. Similarly, the percent contribution of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ranged from 6.8% to 49.0% with a mean of 26.5%. Conclusions. The vitreous of patients with retinal detachment, proliferative retinal disease, and vitreous hemorrhage contain varying amounts of growth factors that stimulate tractional force generation by Muller cells. The majority of the activity can be attributed to IGF-I and a smaller proportion to PDGF.
A parylene MEMS flow sensing array

We have demonstrated the first parylene MEMS thermal sensor array capable of detecting small flows down to 0.5 /spl mu/l/min. The device is fabricated using low-temperature parylene/platinum technology and consists of metallic sensors suspended on a membrane over a bulk micromachined silicon channel. For the first time, insightful results from three different methods of flow sensing using a single device are studied and compared. Multi-mode testing using hot film, calorimetric, and time-of-flight techniques at low overheat ratios has been performed. Thus, this device is biocompatible in both construction and operation.
THE PRESS AND LAURA BOYD: PRESS COVERAGE IN THE 1998 OKLAHOMA GUBERNATORIAL CAMPAIGN

This paper examines the press coverage of the 1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial campaign. The present research seeks to understand if the press was biased against the Democratic nominee Laura Boyd and whether or not the bias was based on Boyd's gender. The data indicate that Boyd received less coverage than the incumbent Governor Frank Keating. Boyd was unable to raise enough money to spend on paid media while also being unable to attract the free coverage from the newspapers. In 1998, Oklahoma voters were presented with their first opportunity to elect a woman governor. Laura Boyd, a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from Norman. was nominated by the Democratic Party to try to unseat a popular and well-financed incumbent, Republican Frank Keating. How did Boyd's campaign play in the state's newspapers? This paper examines and analyzes press coverage of the 1998 gubernatorial campaign. focusing specifically on the two major party candidates. Among the research issues involved in this study is an examination of how the press covers statewide campaigns. Was the press biased toward or against Boyd? Did she receive much press coverage at all? Did it matter that she was a woman or that she was challenging an incumbent?
GENERALIZED THEORY AND SOURCE REPRESENTATIONS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION.

Source characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) are investigated on the basis of the generalized theory previously proposed. The modeling of a crack in the generalized theory is correlated to the moment tensor representation, indicating that the principal vectors of a moment tensor represent the crack orientation and the principal values represent the principal axes of the radiation pattern emanating from the crack. Since source representations in the generalized theory are directly based on the discontinuity of displacement components, an explicit displacement distribution due to a crack can be incorporated. We studied penny-shaped cracks and rectangular moving cracks as AE sources. AE waveforms due to tensile cracks and shear cracks are also synthesized using Fortran programs for Green's functions of the second kind in a half space. Formulae to synthesize AE waveforms due to both the point and the moving dislocations and their results are presented. Effects of inclined angles of the crack orientation on the calculated wavefonns and on the inverse problem are studied. It is shown that crack orientation has considerable effects on the results of the deconvolution analysis. The moving source is found to broaden peaks of AE waveforms. These results confirm the utility and applicability of the generalized theory in elucidating fundamental mechanisms of AE.
Cytokine Induction of Nuclear Factor κB in Cycling and Growth-arrested Cells EVIDENCE FOR CELL CYCLE-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a pleiotropic transcription factor which regulates the expression of a large number of cellular and viral genes. Induction of NF-κB has been shown previously to occur during cell cycle transition from G0 to G1, but the relationship of cytokine induction of this transcription factor to cell cycling has not been directly addressed. Here we examine the induction of NF-κB in serum-deprived and cycling cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In 3T3 fibroblasts deprived of serum, and in the temperature-sensitive G2 phase mutant carcinoma line FT210, we find that NF-κB DNA binding activity is rapidly induced upon addition of TNF-α. In addition, NF-κB induction in cycling cells occurs without a significant change in cell cycle distribution. These data reveal that NF-κB is rapidly induced by TNF-α in both proliferating and arrested cells and suggest that distinct activation pathways can lead to cell cycle-dependent or -independent induction of NF-κB.
Stellar Variability in the Globular Cluster Terzan 5

We present the results of a search for variability in and near the core of the metal-rich, obscured globular cluster Terzan 5, using NICMOS on HST. This extreme cluster has approximately solar metallicity and a central density that places it in the upper few percent of all clusters. It is estimated to have the highest interaction rate of any galactic globular cluster. The large extinction towards Terzan 5 and the severe stellar crowding near the cluster center present a substantial observational challenge. Using time series analysis we discovered two variable stars in this cluster. The first is a RRab Lyrae variable with a period of ~0.61 days, a longer period than that of field stars with similar high metallicities. This period is, however, shorter than the average periods of RR Lyraes found in the metal-rich globular clusters NGC 6441, NGC 6388 and 47 Tuc. The second variable is a blue star with a 7-hour period sinusoidal variation and a likely orbital period of 14 hours. This star is probably an eclipsing blue straggler, or (less likely) the infrared counterpart to the low mass X-ray binary known in Terzan 5. Due to the extreme crowding and overlapping Airy profile of the IR PSF, we fall short of our original goal of detecting CVs via Palpha emission and detecting variable infrared emission from the location of the binary MSP in Terzan 5.
Size Matters: Exhaustive Geometric Verification for Image Retrieval Accepted for ECCV 2012

The overreaching goals in large-scale image retrieval are bigger, better and cheaper. For systems based on local features we show how to get both efficient geometric verification of every match and unprecedented speed for the low sparsity situation. Large-scale systems based on quantized local features usually process the index one term at a time, forcing two separate scoring steps: First, a scoring step to find candidates with enough matches, and then a geometric verification step where a subset of the candidates are checked. Our method searches through the index a document at a time, verifying the geometry of every candidate in a single pass. We study the behavior of several algorithms with respect to index density--a key element for large-scale databases. In order to further improve the efficiency we also introduce a new new data structure, called the counting min-tree, which outperforms other approaches when working with low database density, a necessary condition for very large-scale systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a proof of concept system that can match an image against a database of more than 90 billion images in just a few seconds.
Pentafluorophenyl copper: aggregation and complexation phenomena, photoluminescence properties, and applications as reagent in organometallic synthesis

Recent advances in the chemistry of pentafluorophenyl copper are discussed, including the observation of strongly luminescent adducts with pyridine, the first successful structural characterization of an organocopper–arene complex, and the complexation with electron-rich transition metal complexes such as ferrocene derivatives. In addition, new applications in synthetic organometallic chemistry are discussed, which include the discovery of tin/copper exchange reactions for the preparation of organocopper compounds that are otherwise not readily accessible, and the selective transfer of the C6F5 groups to boron to form catalytically active and electronically interesting organoboron polymers.
Interpreting Social–Sexual Communication: Relational Framing Theory and Social–Sexual Communication, Attraction, and Intent

Drawing from relational framing theory (RFT), this manuscript proposes that during social–sexual communication, 3 primary social–sexual frames guide the interpretation of communication and 4 primary relational outcomes are drawn from that interpretation. The factor structure of this model was explored in an undergraduate sample (Study 1, N = 219) and confirmed in an online adult sample (Study 2, N = 344) using written, photographic, and video stimuli. Hypotheses drawn from RFT were tested using the combined sample. The relevance of social–sexual frames when interpreting text messages exchanged with potential partners was explored in Study 3 (N = 107). Results suggest that 3 distinct frames (i.e., seductiveness, flirtatiousness, and friendliness) inform attraction (i.e., physical and social) and relationship (i.e., sexual and romantic) outcomes in courtship.
The primitive dual space of [FC]− groups

Abstract We show that if G is a σ compact locally compact group with relatively compact conjugacy classes, then the enveloping C ∗ -algebra C ∗ (G) has a Hausdorff primitive ideal space. We also discuss some open problems and a partial converse result.
An improved sample-and-hold unit

A sample data hold unit constructed from cascaded zero-order holds is proposed. Its frequency response is shown to be a favorable combination of the gain of a first-order hold and phase lag of a zero-order hold, while it is simpler to construct than a conventional first-order hold.