cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Hostility to Hospitality: Teaching About Race and Privilege in a Post-election Climate

Now more than ever the role of the other has been put into question and marginalized in a redefinition of an “American national self-protective identity” in the current post election climate. In philosophical terms, an identity of a radical other- implies that any change, any difference, any impurity can be conceived as posing a threat to identity. If a specific group of people is identified as preventing the self from being what it ought to be, the other is identified as a security threat. One option is to willingly conform to the assigned role as a threat. The opposite option I argue in my paper is one that can be achieved through the lens of a cosmopolitan framework of hospitality. By exploring the writings of French philosopher, feminist and psychoanalyst Luce Irigary’s cosmopolitan pedagogy of difference rooted in the concept of hospitality from the point of view of education, I hope put forth an alternative phenomenological pedagogy, one that connects issues of positionality with those of an embodied anti-racist philosophy of difference. By using case studies from my own classroom, I hope to elucidate how educators can implement an anti-racist pedagogy in the current post election climate, by creating spaces for dialogue where students are engaging in an authentic discourse on the nature of their positionality.
Windows of Opportunity: Legislative Fragmentation Conditions the Effect of Partisanship on Deregulation

Previous research on deregulation in industrialized countries emphasizes differences between left-wing and right-wing parties, but data on product market regulation (PMR) indicate that these differences have been mostly modest. If partisan preferences on the merits of deregulation differ sharply, why such modest differences? We argue that partisan differences only become pronounced when the government is strong and rules a relatively unified legislature. Thus, legislative fragmentation should reduce the left-right difference in deregulation. We test this theory against PMR data in 29 industrialized countries, 1978-2007. We find that right-wing governments only have a strong negative effect on regulation if the legislature and the government are not fragmented. These findings can account for trajectories in several salient cases, from Thatcher's Great Britain to the Scandinavian welfare states, and they show how political institutions mediate the effect of partisanship through changes in opportunity structures.
Agricultural applications of dielectric spectroscopy.

A brief account of interest in dielectric properties of agricultural materials is presented, and some examples of dielectric spectroscopy applied to agricultural problems are discussed. Included ar...
Hg+ Single Ion Spectroscopy

A single Hg+ ion that is confined in an rf (Paul) trap can be laser cooled so that the amplitude of its motion is much less than a wavelength (the Dicke limit) for optical transitions. Recently, we have used the technique of optical sideband cooling to reach the zero point of motion. This realizes for the first time the fundamental limit of laser cooling for a bound atom and the ideal of an isolated atomic particle at rest in space to within the quantum mechanical limits imposed by the surrounding apparatus. In both limits, Doppler effects become negligible to all orders, the interrogation time is long and the fundamental shot noise detection limit of a single atom is readily attained.
A Novel Mechanism by which High Density Lipoprotein Selectively Delivers Cholesterol Esters to the Liver

One of the most dramatic developments in the epidemiologic investigation of coronary heart disease risk factors during the last decade has been the mushrooming evidence that a high level of HDL decreases while a low level of HDL increases the risk of clinical disease. A seminal paper by Miller and Miller in 1975 [1] focused attention on this problem by pointing out the several risk factors for coronary heart disease that were associated with low levels of plasma HDL. Despite the high level of interest in this problem and the many studies that have been done, we still do not know exactly how this HDL-coronary heart disease relationship works. By all odds the most widely accepted hypothesis is that HDL serves the function of removing cholesterol from peripheral tissues and carrying it to the liver for reutilization or excretion in the bile [2]. Many studies in cell culture show that HDL is capable of acting as an acceptor of cholesterol from cells overloaded with it [3–8]. On the other hand, delipidated serum is also able to facilitate the removal of cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded cells in culture [9]. More direct evidence is needed before the role of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport can be considered established.
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines

In Brief In February 2017, the American Association of Clinical Endocrin-ologists and the American College of Endocrinology published updated “Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.” The update encompassed recent important clinical trial outcomes and additional research related to the treatment of dyslipidemia. This article summarizes key recommendations from this important guideline.
A Troubles Playwright

This chapter introduces the work of Christina Reid as well as what each chapter of the book includes.
Effect of molecular size and hydrogen bonding on three surface-facilitated processes in molecular glasses: Surface diffusion, surface crystal growth, and formation of stable glasses by vapor deposition.

Recent work has shown that diffusion and crystal growth can be much faster on the surface of molecular glasses than in the interior and that the enhancement effect varies with molecular size and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs). In a related phenomenon, some molecules form highly stable glasses when vapor-deposited, while others (notably those forming extensive HBs) do not. Here we examine all available data on these phenomena for quantitative structure-property relations. For the systems that form no HBs, the surface diffusion coefficient Ds decreases with increasing molecular size d (d = Ω1/3, where Ω is the molecular volume); when evaluated at the glass transition temperature Tg, Ds decreases ∼5 orders of magnitude for 1 nm of increase in d. Assuming that center-of-mass diffusion is limited by the deepest part of the molecule in the surface-mobility gradient, these data indicate a mobility gradient in reasonable agreement with the Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation theory prediction for polystyrene as disjointed Kuhn monomers. For systems of similar d, the Ds value decreases with the extent of intermolecular HB, x (HB), defined as the fraction of vaporization enthalpy due to HB. For both groups together (hydrogen-bonded and otherwise), the Ds data collapse when plotted against d/[1 − x(HB)]; this argues that the HB effect on Ds can be described as a narrowing of the surface mobility layer by a factor [1 − x(HB)] relative to the van der Waals systems. Essentially the same picture holds for the surface crystal growth rate us. The kinetic stability of a vapor-deposited glass decreases with x(HB) but is not better organized by the combined variable d/[1 − x(HB)]. These results indicate that surface crystal growth depends strongly on surface diffusion, whereas the formation of stable glasses by vapor deposition may depend on other factors.
Predictive Factors and the Duration to Pre-Injury Work Status Following Biceps Tenodesis.

Purpose To determine when patients return to work after biceps tenodesis stratified by the preinjury level of work-intensity and to identify predictive measures of return to work. Methods Patients undergoing biceps tenodesis between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed. Patients receiving concomitant rotator cuff repair or arthroplasty, revision biceps tenodesis, or unemployment before the procedure were excluded. Patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS), substantial clinical benefit, and minimal clinically important difference were calculated for the American Shoulder Elbow Society (ASES) score, subjective Constant-Murley score (CMS), and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) using the anchor-based and distribution-based approach. Preoperative outcome scores were analyzed to determine their predictive power of return to work using receiver operator curve area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Multivariate logistical analysis assessed predictive variables of return to work. Results Seventy-nine percent of patients were able to return to work without permanent restrictions at an average of 5.4 ± 2.8 months after biceps tenodesis. Return to work status for sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy duties were 100%, 85%, 71%, and 69%, respectively. Return to work was associated with achieving PASS for the ASES and SANE questionnaires (P = .006, .003, respectively) but not for the CMS (P = .768). On multivariate analysis, there were no preoperative or intraoperative variables that were predictive of return to work in full capacity. The preoperative Short Form-12 mental component score (>59.4, AUC = 71.2%) was predictive of returning to work. Conclusions After biceps tenodesis, most patients were able to return to work at an average of 5.4 ± 2.8 months. Furthermore, there were no demographic or intraoperative variables that were predictive of return to work. Work intensity was not correlated with an increased duration of return to work. Achieving PASS on the ASES and SANE questionnaires was predictive of return to work. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Impact of timing on in-patient outcomes of complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infancy: an analysis of the United States National Inpatient 2005–2011 database

This study aimed to investigate whether age at complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) impacts postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay in infants less than 365 days of age. The United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample was searched for infants 0–365 days of age that underwent complete repair of TOF between 2005 and 2011. Patients were categorized based on age at time of repair: 0–30 days; 31–90 days; 91–180 days; > 180 days. A total of 1112 infants were included in the study. Multivariate analysis showed the risk of postoperative complications was 40% lower in infants ≥91 days old at the time of repair as compared to those ≤30 days old. In addition, children > 30 days old at the time of repair had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay than those aged ≤30 days. In the subgroup with elective repair, older age was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay as compared to those ≤30 days old at repair, while association between age at complete repair of TOF and postoperative complication was not significant among the groups after adjusting for confounders. In children < 1 year old, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay are affected by the timing of complete repair of TOF.
Graphite-on-paper-based resistive sensing device for aqueous chemical identification

This article exhibits an innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly sensor for identifying aqueous chemicals. The sensor is able to distinguish between different varieties of chemicals including acids, bases, deionized water, and solvents. The sensing device can be used in a wide range of industrial applications that require low-cost, accurate methods of chemical detection. The device can identify different chemicals based on changes in the electrical resistance of graphite which is used as a sensing element. A graphite line was drawn on a sheet of paper using a pencil that was used as the test strip and placed in a custom-made test fixture, providing a controlled environment once the graphite test strip was in contact with electrical contacts mounted in the fixture. The electrical contacts of the fixture were connected to a data acquisition device which measured and recorded voltage outputs using LabVIEW software. The data collected were then used to compute the electrical resistance. The solvent analysed in this research was isopropyl alcohol. The acids analysed were nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The base analysed was ammonium hydroxide. Tests were performed by placing two droplets of each chemical onto the paper through an inlet hole located at the top of the test fixture. All tests were performed at a constant temperature. The electrical voltage was recorded every millisecond once the chemical was dropped onto the test strip through the hole in the test fixture. Electrical resistance versus time plots displayed a unique curve for each chemical analysed which may be used for chemical identification.
Evaluating Burst Buffer Placement in HPC Systems

Burst buffers (BBs) are increasingly exploited in contemporary supercomputers to bridge the performance gap between compute and storage systems. The design of BBs, particularly the placement of these devices and the underlying network topology, impacts both performance and cost. As the cost of other components such as memory and accelerators is increasing, it is becoming more important that HPC centers provision BBs tailored to their workloads.This work contributes a provisioning system to provide accurate, multi-tenant simulations that model realistic application and storage workloads from HPC systems. The framework aids HPC centers in modeling their workloads against multiple network and BB configurations rapidly. In experiments with our framework, we provide a comparison of representative Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) I/O workloads against multiple BB designs. We analyze the impact of these designs on latency, I/O phase lengths, contention for network and storage devices, and choice of network topology.
Exploring Whether Talking With Parents, Siblings, and Friends Moderates the Association Between Peer Victimization and Adverse Psychosocial Outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to explore whether talking with parents, siblings, and friends will moderate the association between peer victimization and adverse outcomes (internalizing problems, al...
Human papillomavirus vaccination 2020 guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline adaptation.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) presents an adaptation of the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. The ACS recommends routine HPV vaccination between ages 9 and 12 years to achieve higher on-time vaccination rates, which will lead to increased numbers of cancers prevented. Health care providers are encouraged to start offering the HPV vaccine series at age 9 or 10 years. Catch-up HPV vaccination is recommended for all persons through age 26 years who are not adequately vaccinated. Providers should inform individuals aged 22 to 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated or who have not completed the series that vaccination at older ages is less effective in lowering cancer risk. Catch-up HPV vaccination is not recommended for adults aged older than 26 years. The ACS does not endorse the 2019 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for shared clinical decision making for some adults aged 27 through 45 years who are not adequately vaccinated because of the low effectiveness and low cancer prevention potential of vaccination in this age group, the burden of decision making on patients and clinicians, and the lack of sufficient guidance on the selection of individuals who might benefit.
Chronic otomastoiditis and otitis externa caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Abstract Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an uncommon cause of infection that has not previously been reported as a cause of chronic otitis externa and chronic otomastoiditis. We present the unique case of a 15-year old male with a remote history of multiple tympanostomy tube placements for recurrent acute otitis media. He presented with chronic right sided otorrhea and otalgia. A culture of the otorrhea isolated multi-drug resistant A. xylosoxidans on multiple culture isolates. The patient failed treatment with otic preparations, and topical and IV antibiotics. Imaging including CT and MRI reaffirmed ongoing infection. Due to the recalcitrant infection, he ultimately underwent tympanoplasty with intact canal wall mastoidectomy to achieve local control of the infection, with repeat cultures demonstrating A. xylosoxidans. At 3-month follow-up he was asymptomatic, and imaging with bone scan and SPECT/CT did not show evidence of osteomyelitis within the temporal bone. Immunologic work-up did not reveal any underlying immunodeficiency. Despite being characterized as an opportunistic organism with low virulence, A. xylosoxidans is capable of infecting patients without any underlying immunodeficiency, and it can be difficult to eradicate.
Static allometry of a small-bodied omnivore: body size and limb scaling of an island fox and inferences for Homo floresiensis.

Abstract Island dwarfing is a paraphyletic adaptation across numerous mammalian genera. From mammoths to foxes, extreme body size reduction is shared by diverse organisms that migrate to an island environment. Because it largely occurs owing to ecological variables, not phylogenetic ones, skeletal characters in a dwarfed taxon compared with its ancestor may appear abnormal. As a result, allometric patterns between body size and morphological traits may differ for an island dwarf compared with its ancestor. The diminutive Late Pleistocene hominin, Homo floresiensis, displays a unique character suite that is outside of the normal range of variation for any extinct or extant hominin species. To better explain these as ecological traits due to island dwarfing, this research looks at how dwarfing on islands influences limb scaling and proportions in an organism in a similar ecological niche as H. floresiensis. Here, I analyze absolute limb lengths and static allometry of limb lengths regressed on predicted body mass of dwarfed island foxes and their nondwarfed relatives. Dwarfed island foxes have significantly smaller intercepts but steeper slopes of all limb elements regressed on predicted body mass than the mainland gray fox. These allometric alterations produce limbs in the island fox that are significantly shorter than predicted for a nondwarfed gray fox of similar body mass. In addition, the humerofemoral, intermembral, and brachial indices are significantly different. These results provide a novel model for understanding skeletal variation of island endemic forms. Unique body size and proportions of H. floresiensis are plausible as ecological adaptations and likely not examples of symplesiomorphies with Australopithecus sp. Caution should be exerted when comparing an island dwarf with a closely related species as deviations from allometric expectations may be common.
Emergency Department Visits Among Lung Transplant Patients: A 4-Year Experience

Abstract Background Emergency department (ED) visits by lung transplant (LT) patients have not been well documented in the literature. Objectives To analyze outcomes among LT recipients with ED visits, to better inform clinicians regarding evaluation and treatment. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of LT patients at our ED (2015–2018). Demographics, transplant indication, laboratory studies, ED interventions, disposition, death, and revisit data were collected. Logistic regression models were used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors of ED revisit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death. Results For 505 ED visits among 160 LT recipients, respiratory-related concerns were most frequent (n = 152, 30.1%). Infection was the most common ED diagnosis (n = 101, 20.0%). Many patients were sent home from the ED (n = 235, 46.5%), and 31.3% (n = 158) returned to the ED within 30 days. Fourteen patients (2.8%) needed advanced airway measures. One patient died in the ED, and 18 died in the hospital. On multivariable analysis, more previous ED visits significantly increased the probability of 30-day ED revisit. Heart rate faster than 100 beats/min and systolic blood pressure Conclusion Infection should be prominent on the differential diagnosis for LT patients in the ED. A large proportion of patients were discharged from the ED, but a higher number of previous ED visits was most predictive of ED revisit within 30 days. Mortality rate was low in our study, but higher heart rate and lower systolic blood pressure were associated with ICU admission or death.
Certifying Second Chances

Policymakers around the country are grappling with how to provide a second chance to people with criminal records. These records create collateral consequences—invisible punishments that inhibit opportunity in all facets of a person’s life. Over the past seven years, states have repeatedly tried to legislate new paths for people trying to move on with their lives. State legislators passed more than 150 laws targeting collateral consequences in 2019 alone. But what happens when these paths to second chances are littered with learning, compliance, and psychological costs? The people who most need these new opportunities may find that they are out of reach. A major problem, I argue, is the administrative burdens involved in accessing these remedies. Because of these hurdles, people with fewer resources—the population that would most benefit from the help—are the ones most likely to find these second chances out of reach. The Article closely examines one increasingly popular type of second-chance program: certificate laws that remove employment barriers. Building on recent research identifying the low usage rates of petition-based second-chance programs, this Article catalogues and analyzes the costs and burdens placed on people attempting to access employment certificates. Of particular concern is not only these low usage rates themselves, but also the identity of those least likely to access these interventions. Second-chance programs like employment certificates that provide a way forward for people with greater resources while leaving behind those without may be more harmful than helpful when placed in the larger context of mass criminalization and social change, even if they help the small number of individuals who do access them. In contrast, a well-designed second-chance initiative that appropriately considers administrative burdens and the way that interventions like employment certificates fit in to the broader picture of social change could provide short-term benefits to people with criminal records while also bolstering larger-scale reforms to the criminal legal system.
Hetero-functional Network Minimum Cost Flow Optimization: A Hydrogen-Natural Gas Network Example.

Over the past decades, engineering systems have developed as networks of systems that deliver multiple services across multiple domains. This work aims to develop an optimization program for a dynamic, hetero-functional graph theory-based model of an engineering system. The manuscript first introduces a general approach to define a dynamic system model by integrating the device models in the hetero-functional graph theory structural model. To this end, the work leverages Petri net dynamics and the hetero-functional incidence tensor. The respective Petri net-based models are translated into the quadratic program canonical form to finalize the optimization program. The optimization program is demonstrated through the application of the program to a hydrogen-natural gas infrastructure test case. Four distinct scenarios are optimized to demonstrate potential synergies or cascading network effects of policy across infrastructures. This work develops the first hetero-functional graph theory-based optimization program and demonstrates that the program can be used to optimize flows across a multi-operand network, transform the operands in the network, store operands over time, analyze the behavior for a quadratic cost function, and implement it for a generic, continuous, large flexible engineering systems of arbitrary topology.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Promotes Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Anal Squamous Carcinogenesis: An Immunologic and Pathobiologic Review.

BACKGROUND Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with rising incidence, both in the United States and internationally. The primary risk factor for anal SCC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is a growing burden of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV coinfection, with the incidence of anal SCC significantly increasing in this population. This is particularly true in HIV-infected men. The epidemiologic correlation between HIV-HPV coinfection and anal SCC is established; however, the immunologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. SUMMARY HIV-related immunosuppression due to low circulating CD4+ T cells is one component of increased risk, but other mechanisms, such as the effect of HIV on CD8+ T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in antitumor and antiviral response, is emerging as significant contributors. The goal of this article is to review existing research on HIV-HPV coinfected anal SCC and precancerous lesions, propose explanations for the detrimental synergy of HIV and HPV on the pathogenesis and immunologic response to HPV-associated cancers, and discuss implications for future treatments and immunotherapies in HIV-positive patients with HPV-mediated anal SCC. Key Messages: The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Locoregional HIV infection may enhance human papillomavirus oncogenicity. Chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion by upregulating PD-1 expression, thereby blunting cytotoxic antitumor response.
Second-order statistics of fermionic Gaussian states.

We study the statistical behavior of entanglement in quantum bipartite systems over fermionic Gaussian states as measured by von Neumann entropy and entanglement capacity. The focus is on the variance of von Neumann entropy and the mean entanglement capacity that belong to the so-defined second-order statistics. The main results are the exact yet explicit formulas of the two considered second-order statistics for fixed subsystem dimension differences. We also conjecture the exact variance of von Neumann entropy valid for arbitrary subsystem dimensions. Based on the obtained results, we analytically study the numerically observed phenomena of Gaussianity of von Neumann entropy and linear growth of average capacity.
Research on Fault Arc Detection Method Based on FOA-GRNN

The series fault arc caused by aging and damage of line insulation and poor electrical contact seriously threatens the power safety of low-voltage distribution system. Its characteristics such as low current, high temperature and strong concealment make it difficult to detect and identify. Based on this, a fault arc detection method based on wavelet features and generalized regression neural network is proposed. By building the experimental platform of fault arc, the current signals under typical resistive and inductive loads are collected, and the wave transform is used to extract the characteristics of the current signals. The training set and test set are constructed. The generalized regression neural network is optimized by the Drosophila optimization algorithm, and the smoothing factor of GRNN is optimized, so as to improve the recognition ability of the model and the smoothing factor of GRNN is optimized. Experimental results show that FOA-GRNN has better recognition accuracy and recognition rate than traditional BP network.
On the Recent Results in the Study of Power Semigroups

This paper reports, without proof, that if S1 and S2 are finite semigroups and if their power semigroups are isomorphic, then S1 and S2 are isomorphic; and also reports some results on the study of g-classes of the power semigroups of finite O-simple semigroups. The detailed proofs will be published elsewhere [21], [22], [23].
Looking for a hidden sector in exotic Higgs boson decays with the ATLAS experiment

The nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most intriguing questions in particle physics. DM can be postulated to be part of a hidden sector whose interactions with the visible matter are not completely decoupled. The discovery of a fundamental scalar particle compatible with the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model paves the way for looking for DM with novel methods. An overview of the searches looking for a hidden sector in exotic Higgs decays and for invisible decays of the Higgs boson within the ATLAS experiment is presented. Prospects for searches with Large Hadron Collider data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are summarized.
Media and Conflict Resolution: A Framework for Analysis

Successive evolutions in communication technologies have significantly altered the conduct of conflict, warfare, and conflict resolution. Compared to people of earlier ages, people around the world today know much more and much sooner about major developments in international relations. Global news networks that broadcast live from all corners of the world and via the Internet provide immediate access to unfolding events and, under certain conditions, could influence the way those events develop and end. Evolutions in communication technologies have changed the meaning of power in international relations, the number and nature of actors participating in international political processes, and the strategies these actors employ to achieve their goals. Governments have lost much of their monopoly on information, and non-state actors and individuals have become much more active and significant participants in world affairs, both in warfare and conflict resolution. State and non-state actors are increasingly employing ―soft power,‖ or ―smart power,‖ which integrates soft and hard power, and public diplomacy, which translates soft power assets into concrete actions. 1
Pop Polyvocality: Internet Memes, Public Participation, and the Occupy Wall Street Movement

From the inception of Occupy Wall Street (OWS), participatory media played a key role in the movement. Members of the public engaged OWS on sites like Tumblr and reddit. Central to the discussion were Internet memes. Memes are multimodal artifacts remixed by countless participants, employing popular culture for public commentary. Analyzing the use of memes in political discourse can illuminate the nature of mediated commentary on public events. This article examines how memes were used to articulate perspectives on OWS. A corpus of memes commenting on OWS from multiple participatory media networks was analyzed using multimodal critical discourse analysis. Findings indicated memes facilitated conversation between diverse positions. OWS memes employed populist argument and popular texts, intertwining them into a vibrant polyvocal public discourse.
Religious Pluralism and Values in the Public Sphere

Introduction 1. Religious pluralism 2. Naked in the public square 3. Minima and maxima 4. The road to Kazanistan Some concluding thoughts.
Novel agents for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable lymphoma with combined multiagent chemotherapy with or without radiation. In spite of higher cure rates, approximately 20-30% cases will be either refractory or relapse after first line therapy. For relapse/refractory HL, salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant remains the standard of care. Because of early and late toxicities of multiagent chemotherapy, there are ongoing efforts to find less toxic therapies to treat HL. Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody drug conjugate targeting CD30 with high response rates in HL. In the last decade, immune oncology has changed the treatment paradigm of cancers. Biologically, Reed-Sternberg cells evade immune system by exploiting checkpoint pathways. Inhibition of checkpoint pathway has shown promising activity in HL. Recently, phosphatidyl-inositide 3 kinase inhibitors and Janus kinase inhibitors have shown impressive responses in HL. In this article, we discuss novel agents in HL.
Modification of a free Fe-S cluster cysteine residue in the active iron-responsive element-binding protein prevents RNA binding

The iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) binds to specific RNA stem-loop structures called iron-responsive elements (IREs), which mediate the post-transcriptional regulation of a variety of genes involved in iron metabolism. The IRE-BP is cytosolic aconitase, and a [4Fe-4S] cubane cluster is required for aconitase activity but is associated with loss of IRE binding affinity. Chemical modification of the IRE-BP can abrogate RNA binding and the 3 cysteines predicted to coordinate the Fe-S cluster in the IRE-BP could be targets for modification. We report the expression of recombinant IRE-BP in which the three putative cluster cysteines (Cys-437, Cys-503, and Cys-506) have been mutated to serine residues. Replacement of any or all of these cysteine residues results in a complete loss of aconitase activity. While all of the mutants bind RNA, substitution of Cys-437 specifically renders the IRE-BP resistant to inactivation by low concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide or diamide. These results identify Cys-437 as the target of in vitro regulation of RNA binding in the IRE-BP and suggest that, in the RNA-binding form of the protein, Cys-437 is free and therefore available for modifications that inhibit RNA binding.
EBV-related primary splenic lymphocyte-depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Lymphocyte-depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma (LDCHL) is the rarest entity among the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) subtypes, accounting for <1% of CHL cases in Western countries. Similarly, primary splenic Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare diagnosis among all cases of lymphomatous involvement of spleen. Representing a combination of these two rare entities is the primary splenic LDCHL, with only one case reported in the literature. Here, we report second case of primary splenic LDCHL with a unique presentation. The patient was a 60-year-old Caucasian HIV-negative woman with a history of extranodal pleuropulmonary marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) treated with rituximab who presented with new-onset splenomegaly. Splenectomy revealed large number of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells (CD15+, CD30+, PAX5+ and EBER+) with the background consisting of histiocytes and smaller number of lymphocytes and eosinophils. There was no evidence of nodal or other extranodal site involvement. Thus, in addition to being a very rare entity, this case also provides an additional point of interest: the disease arose in the backdrop of previous diagnosis of extranodal pleuropulmonary MZL successfully treated with rituximab. We discuss the potential implications.
Visualization of droplet departure on a superhydrophobic surface and implications to heat transfer enhancement during dropwise condensation

Droplet departure frequency is investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy with implications to enhancing the rate of dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces. Superhydrophobic surfaces, formed by cupric hydroxide nanostructures, allow the condensate to depart from a surface with a tilt angle of 30° from the horizontal. The resulting decrease in drop departure size shifts the drop size distribution to smaller radii, which may enhance the heat transfer rate during dropwise condensation. The heat transfer enhancement is estimated by modifying the Rose and Le Fevre drop distribution function to account for a smaller maximum droplet size on a superhydrophobic surface.
Lipemic and lipoproteinemic effects of natural and synthetic androgens in humans.

SUMMARY 1. Testosterone cypionate administration in weight-trained subjects reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels without affecting the total cholesterol (Total-C)/HDL-C ratio. Nandrolone decanoate administration also reduced HDL-C levels, but elevated the Total-C/HDL-C ratio. 2. These findings could not be attributed to changes in exercise patterns, dietary intake, or alcohol consumption. 3. It is concluded that the synthetic androgen employed in this study produced a worsening of potential lipid-related risk factors for ischemic heart disease and that exogenous testosterone has a much less pronounced effect on such risk factors.
Children's awareness of which peers like them and which peers dislike them

The present research examined children's awareness of the specific same-sex peers who like or dislike them. Awareness was evaluated in relation to children's peer sociometric status. All children in grades one through six provided same-sex peer sociometric nominations and same-sex peer sociometric ratings to determine their sociometric status. In addition, each child indicated the nominations and ratings they believed they received from same-sex peers. Children's sociometric status was associated with their awareness of liking and disliking from peers. Rejected status children were the least accurate in their judgments of who like them and popular status children were the least accurate in their judgments of who disliked them. These findings support and extend prior research documenting that rejected status children a) demonstrate a lack of awareness of their social competence, yet b) report more loneliness than children in other status groups.
Concreteness and encoding instructions in paired-associate transfer

Subjects were instructed to use either different mnemonics (compound images or verbal combinations) on List 1 and List 2 in an A-B, A-Br transfer paradigm, or to use the same type of nmemonic strategy for both tasks. Compared to A-B, C-B control subjects who were similarly instructed, there was no evidence that switching the type of elaborative encoding led to reduced interference.
Coal preparation plant optimization: A critical review of the existing methods

Abstract A coal preparation plant typically operates with multiple cleaning circuits to clean individual size fractions of run-of-mine coal. Coal preparation plants are traditionally optimized using the equalization of incremental product quality approach. Individual cleaning circuits are operated at the same specific incremental product quality so that the targeted overall plant product quality is achieved. Over the years, it has been well established that equal incremental product quality approach maximizes plant-yield for a given product quality constraint. However, while dealing with multiple quality constraints, the incremental quality approach may not provide a complete solution to the optimization problem. It may be intuitive to realize that the dirtiest particle(s) in a coal product, with respect to ash content, may not be the same particle(s) with respect to sulfur content. Therefore, with increasing number of product quality constraints, which may include (but not limited to) limiting ash, sulfur and trace element contents, the plant has to be optimized based on each incremental product quality. Understandably, the operating points selected for each circuit to maximize plant-yield based on incremental ash content, may not be suitable for obtaining maximum plant yield based on incremental sulfur content. These limitations of the equalization of incremental product quality approach to satisfy multiple product quality constraints have been reviewed in detail in this publication with an example of ash and sulfur data collected from an operating coal preparation plant.
Neuronal degeneration in the gerbil brainstem is associated with spongiform lesions

Spongiform lesions arise in dendrites and glia in the brainstem of domestic Mongolian gerbils. Most pronounced within the cochlear nucleus (CN), this disorder is dynamic and progressive; the lesions increase in number, size, and extent with age. It has not been clear whether these spongioid lesions either cause or are associated with significant neural degeneration. In contrast, feral Mongolian gerbils (wild-trapped in Tuva) and their offspring show few spongiform lesions. The Tuvan gerbils provide an appropriate within-species control. We compared degeneration in the brainstem of domestic and Tuvan gerbils using the amino-cupric-silver (ACS) stain of de Olmos et al. [(1994) Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 16:545–561]. Positive histologic controls were provided by cerebellar stab wounds in domestic gerbils and by unilateral kainic acid injections into the CN of Tuvan gerbils. The ACS stain revealed extensive degeneration of axons, terminals, dendrites, and neurons in the brainstem of domestic gerbils. Neurodegeneration was most pronounced in the CN and was coextensive with spongiform lesions. Neurodegeneration was also seen in the trapezoid body, lateral lemniscus, and inferior colliculus, but was less pronounced than in the CN. The cerebellar stab wounds resulted in silver-stained Purkinje cells restricted to the stab wound local region. Kainic acid produced extensive neuronal and spongiform degeneration of the injected CN that was very similar to that spontaneously occurring in domestic gerbils. In contrast, the non-injected CN of Tuvan gerbils showed no neuronal or spongiform degeneration with the ACS stain. We conclude that, in domestic gerbils, the naturally occurring spongiform lesions of the CN and the accompanying neurodegeneration are both results of a common mechanism, most probably excitotoxic. Microsc. Res. Tech. 41:187–204, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A finite element method for diffusion dominated unsteady viscous flows

A general conforming finite element scheme for computing viscous flows is presented which is of second-order accuracy in space and time. Viscous terms are treated implicitly and advection terms are treated explicitly in the time marching segment of the algorithm. A method for solving the algebraic equations at each time step is given. The method is demonstrated on two test problems, one of them being a plane vortex flow for which asymptotic methods are used to obtain suitable numerical boundary conditions at each time step.
Acute graft-versus-host disease does not require alloantigen expression on host epithelium

Alloantigen expression on host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is essential to initiate graft-versus-host disease (GvHD); therefore, alloantigen expression on host target epithelium is also thought to be essential for tissue damage. We tested this hypothesis in mouse models of GvHD using bone-marrow chimeras in which either major histocompatibility complex class I or class II alloantigen was expressed only on APCs. We found that acute GvHD does not require alloantigen expression on host target epithelium and that neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 prevents acute GvHD. These results pertain particularly to CD4-mediated GvHD but also apply, at least in part, to CD8-mediated GvHD. These results challenge current paradigms about the antigen specificity of GvHD effector mechanisms and confirm the central roles of both host APCs and inflammatory cytokines in acute GvHD.
Thrombin-stimulated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ level and gonadotropin-releasing hormone release in GT1–7 neurons☆

The effects of thrombin on cytosolic calcium levels ([Ca2+]cyt), and on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, were characterized in cultured GT1-7 neurons. GnRH release from GT1-7 neurons was pulsatile with an average pulse amplitude of 14.3+/-5.8 pg x min x ml(-1) and an average pulse duration of 21.3+/-4.2 min. The [Ca2+]cyt response to 0.005 to 0.2 U/ml thrombin was saturable and concentration dependent (EC50 = 0.0268 U/ml). Ethyleneglycotetraacetic acid (EGTA) chelation of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in an approximately 70% attenuation of thrombin-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]cyt. By use of a special superfusion system, a 5-min exposure to 0.1 U/ml thrombin significantly increased the amplitude (193.2+/-67.8 pg x min x ml(-1); P = 0.001) but not the duration (22.5+/-2.4 min; P = 0.8) of GnRH release. These results suggest that thrombin increases [Ca2+]cyt and GnRH release from GT1-7 neurons via specific membrane-bound receptors.
Differences in torsional performance of single- and multiple-instrument rotary systems for glide path preparation

A new rotary instrument has been developed to simplify the glide path preparation in root canals before shaping procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the peak torque and force induced by nickel–titanium PathFile multiple-instrument system and the recently developed M-Wire ProGlider single instrument during glide path preparation of mesial root canals in extracted mandibular molars. Each independent canal of eight mesial roots of mandibular molars was randomly assigned to achieve a reproducible glide path with a new set of either PathFile #1 and #2 or ProGlider after negotiation with a 10 K-file. Tests were run in a standardized fashion using a torque-testing platform. Peak torque (N cm) and force (N) were registered and analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc tests were applied. Preliminary data for stationary torque at failure were also obtained and compared with peak torque for each instrument. PathFile #1 and #2 instruments showed statistically lower peak torque (p = 0.001) and peak force (p = 0.008) than ProGlider. Torque at failure according to ADA No. 28/ISO 36030-1 was not significantly different from peak torque during glide path preparation for ProGlider instruments while it was significantly higher for PathFile #1 and #2 (p < 0.001). Under the conditions of this study, PathFile instruments developed significant lower peak torque and force during glide path preparation compared to ProGlider, which is possibly subjected to a greater contact with the canal walls due to the increase in its flute diameter at middle and coronal levels.
The Determination of Raman Excitation Profiles of Adenine Derivatives in the 285 to 320 nm Region

Experimentally determined Raman excitation profiles are reported for adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenylyl-(3' → 5')-adenosine, and polyadenylic acid. Excitation in the ultraviolet is restricted to the preresonance region to avoid the necessity for inclusion of linewidth factors in the theoretical fit to the experimental data. The effective absorption wavelengths from which the three most intense vibrations derive their intensities are determined. For each vibrational mode, no appreciable difference in the excitation profiles of each of these systems is observed, but the results for AMP are found to differ from those previously reported. The utility of these measurements with respect to conformational studies is discussed.
Correlation of goiter, deafmutism and mental retardation with serum thyroid hormone levels in noncretinous inhabitants of a severe endemic goiter area in India.

Abstract Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) levels were determined in 48 subjects in a native village in northeastern India, and in 35 of them butanol-extractable (BEI) levels were also determined. There was a high incidence of endemic goiter, deafness, mutism, deafmutism, mental deficiency and cretinism in the village. The selected group of inhabitants was roughly representative, although only 1 was a cretin. The mean serum PBI and BEI levels in this group were low compared to the mean values for these determinations among normal subjects in the United States. The difference between the mean values for PBI and for BEI was greater in the Indian subjects than in those residing in the United States. Among the Indian subjects: 1) those with goiter had lower mean serum PBI and BEI levels than those without goiter, 2) deaf persons had lower PBI levels than those who could hear, and 3) subjects with mental deficiency had lower PBI and BEI levels than those who were not mentally deficient.