cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Analysis of Plasma Treated Wool Fibers by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Chemical changes on the surface of wool fiber as a result of low temperature plasma treatment were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Extensive changes in the electron spectra of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen were observed. The carbon is electron spectra were deconvoluted into three electron lines. Two lines at higher binding energies resulted from surface oxidation. Two nitrogen and two oxygen is lines were present before and after plasma treatment. However, the intensity of these two lines changed considerably with treatment. The surface atom concentration before and after treatment was calculated from electron line intensities. The principal result of plasma treatment was found to be extensive surface oxidation of the wool fibers.
Extremely large magnetoresistance and Kohler's rule in PdSn4 : A complete study of thermodynamic, transport, and band-structure properties

A new type of a topological quantum structure was identified recently in PtSn${}_{4}$ as a Dirac node arc feature on the surface. More importantly, PtSn${}_{4}$ shows extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR). PdSn${}_{4}$ is isostructural with PtSn${}_{4}$ and has the same electron count. By comparing these similar compounds, the authors address the problem about the origin of the XMR in them and establish that neither the carrier compensation nor the Dirac node arc surface state can be the primary reason for it. On the other hand, Kohler's rule scaling is fulfilled over the entire range of temperatures and field strengths that are explored here.
Laser Killing of Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the laser killing of cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Individual cells can be killed in Caenorhabditis elegans by damaging them with a laser microbeam focused through the objective of a microscope. The laser beam is focused in three dimensions on a single spot in the field of view of a microscope. A cell of interest is aligned with the laser beam. Damage to the cell and adjacent structures can be visualized through the microscope during and after the operation. Identifying cells unambiguously is probably the most difficult part of the laser operation. Rigorous identification of a cell type can be accomplished by following cell lineages through embryonic or postembryonic divisions. When a laser microbeam is fired at a C. elegans nucleus, three things happen: deposition of energy in the nucleus, followed by transport, followed by energy-induced damage. Deposition places the energy with remarkable precision. Transport moves the energy from where it was deposited to other places. However, damage is the dark mystery and nothing is known about how laser energy destroys a C. elegans nucleus. Energy deposited in the irradiated nucleoplasm eventually takes the form of increased temperature and pressures, either of which can denature proteins, break DNA, and so on.
Proximal and distal stress in myeloid cells in women with breast cancer

Diagnosis with breast cancer is a major life stressor. Stress is associated with changes to immune cell populations, including alterations in myeloid lineage cells. These changes may have implications for cancer outcomes; indeed, the ratio of myeloid to lymphoid lineage cells has been prospectively associated with cancer-related mortality, and specific monocyte subsets may contribute to cancer recurrence. In this study, we examined how proximal (cancer-related stress) and distal (childhood maltreatment) stressors may have implications for myeloid lineage cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and monocyte subtypes) in women recently diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. We used flow cytometry to quantify cell populations in 110 women following cancer diagnosis and before the onset of any adjuvant chemo- or radiation therapy. In unadjusted bivariate analyses, childhood maltreatment was associated with having fewer granulocytes, F(1,108) = 5.35, p = 0.023, and a lower ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes, F(1,108) = 4.82, p = 0.030, but no differences in monocytes, ps > 0.24. Higher cancer-related stress was associated with a smaller percentage of classical monocytes (CD14+/CD16−) in the leukocyte population, r = −0.23, p = 0.016. Psychosocial factors may have important implications for myelopoietic processes in the aftermath of cancer diagnosis, and may constitute risk factors for long-term health outcomes in women with breast cancer.
Crystal structure and equation of state of Fe-Si alloys at super-Earth core conditions

The high-pressure behavior of Fe alloys governs the interior structure and dynamics of super-Earths, rocky extrasolar planets that could be as much as 10 times more massive than Earth. In experiments reaching up to 1300 GPa, we combine laser-driven dynamic ramp compression with in situ x-ray diffraction to study the effect of composition on the crystal structure and density of Fe-Si alloys, a potential constituent of super-Earth cores. We find that Fe-Si alloy with 7 weight % (wt %) Si adopts the hexagonal close-packed structure over the measured pressure range, whereas Fe-15wt%Si is observed in a body-centered cubic structure. This study represents the first experimental determination of the density and crystal structure of Fe-Si alloys at pressures corresponding to the center of a ~3–Earth mass terrestrial planet. Our results allow for direct determination of the effects of light elements on core radius, density, and pressures for these planets.
Single vector platform vaccine protects against lethal respiratory challenge with Tier 1 select agents of anthrax, plague, and tularemia

Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis are the causative agents of Tier 1 Select Agents anthrax, plague, and tularemia, respectively. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines against plague and tularemia and the licensed anthrax vaccine is suboptimal. Here we report F. tularensis LVS ΔcapB (Live Vaccine Strain with a deletion in capB)- and attenuated multi-deletional Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-vectored vaccines against all three aforementioned pathogens. We show that LVS ΔcapB- and Lm-vectored vaccines express recombinant B. anthracis, Y. pestis, and F. tularensis immunoprotective antigens in broth and in macrophage-like cells and are non-toxic in mice. Homologous priming-boosting with the LVS ΔcapB-vectored vaccines induces potent antigen-specific humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses and potent protective immunity against lethal respiratory challenge with all three pathogens. Protection against anthrax was far superior to that obtained with the licensed AVA vaccine and protection against tularemia was comparable to or greater than that obtained with the toxic and unlicensed LVS vaccine. Heterologous priming-boosting with LVS ΔcapB- and Lm-vectored B. anthracis and Y. pestis vaccines also induced potent protective immunity against lethal respiratory challenge with B. anthracis and Y. pestis. The single vaccine platform, especially the LVS ΔcapB-vectored vaccine platform, can be extended readily to other pathogens.
The Oral Phase (Ages 0–1)

Infancy, or the oral phase in Freud’s terminology, covers the first 12 to 18 months of life. This period of intense growth and development is currently the subject of great interest by researchers and clinicians alike, resulting in significant advances in knowledge and major theoretical change and controversy. The controversy arises in part because infancy is a preverbal phase, and thus our assumptions about mental activity during this time cannot be validated by the infant. This is the only phase of development in which this is true. By contrast, much of our knowledge of childhood, which was initially obtained from work with adults, was later confirmed (or refuted) by the direct observation and treatment of children who were able to tell us what they were thinking.
Systemic Mastocytosis: Disease Overview, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

The clinical presentation of mastocytosis is diverse, and patients may not fit the classical description. Diagnosis requires a bone marrow examination, including immunohistochemical stains for mast cell tryptase or CD117. The treatment of adult systemic mastocytosis is highly individualized. This article presents an overview of systemic mastocytosis and describes its pathogenesis and treatment.
Solution of linear equations in remote sensing and picture reconstruction

The Moore-Penrose generalized inverse is utilized to obtain two general optimal solutions of a given system of linear equations. These solutions involve two matricesW andV. It is shown that available information regarding the desired solution and/or residual vector can be incorporated inW andV. Several of the known results in published literature are shown to be special cases of the optimal solutions given here.
Advanced Control Strategies for the Robotic Hand

The paper presents a state-space equation for the two-link and three-link fingers and proposed a solution of finite-time, nonlinear and closed-loop optimal control tracking problem using the state-dependent Riccati equations. The technique involves the use of the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation for the infinite-time case (hence the technique is approximate) and the change of variables that converts a state-dependent, nonlinear, differential Riccati equation (SD-DRE) to a linear differential Lyapunov equation (DLE) which can be solved in analytical form. The effectiveness is validated by using software simulation and hardware experiment.
Scientific Quality of Health-Related Articles in Specialty Cannabis and General Newspapers in San Francisco.

Recreational cannabis is being legalized in states across the USA. The public relies on popular media for health information about cannabis. We assessed the accuracy of reporting on health effects ...
H 2 SO 4 and particle production in a photolytic flow reactor: chemical modeling, cluster thermodynamics and contamination issues

Abstract. Size distributions of particles formed from sulfuric acid ( H2SO4 ) and water vapor in a photolytic flow reactor (PhoFR) were measured with a nanoparticle mobility sizing system. Experiments with added ammonia and dimethylamine were also performed. H2SO4(g) was synthesized from HONO, sulfur dioxide and water vapor, initiating OH oxidation by HONO photolysis. Experiments were performed at 296 K over a range of sulfuric acid production levels and for 16 % to 82 % relative humidity. Measured distributions generally had a large-particle mode that was roughly lognormal; mean diameters ranged from 3 to 12 nm and widths (ln σ ) were ∼0.3 . Particle formation conditions were stable over many months. Addition of single-digit pmol mol −1 mixing ratios of dimethylamine led to very large increases in particle number density. Particles produced with ammonia, even at 2000 pmol mol −1 , showed that NH3 is a much less effective nucleator than dimethylamine. A two-dimensional simulation of particle formation in PhoFR is also presented that starts with gas-phase photolytic production of H2SO4 , followed by kinetic formation of molecular clusters and their decomposition, which is determined by their thermodynamics. Comparisons with model predictions of the experimental result's dependency on HONO and water vapor concentrations yield phenomenological cluster thermodynamics and help delineate the effects of potential contaminants. The added-base simulations and experimental results provide support for previously published dimethylamine– H2SO4 cluster thermodynamics and provide a phenomenological set of ammonia–sulfuric acid thermodynamics.
Actigraphy to Measure Physical Activity in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.

Objective:In the intensive care unit (ICU), prolonged inactivity is common, increasing patients’ risk for adverse outcomes, including ICU-acquired weakness. Hence, interventions to minimize inactiv...
Exploring the Development of Three Law-Based Competency Models for Public Health Practitioners

As public health promotion and protection become increasingly complex and integrated into various fields, public health law is emerging as an important tool for public health professionals. To ensure that public health professionals are effectively trained in public health law principles and theories, educators, trainers, and others who develop educational curricula should integrate public health law-related competencies into their training and workforce development efforts. This article provides three competency models developed by the Public Health Law Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: (a) the public health emergency law competency model, (b) the public health law competency model, and (c) the legal epidemiology competency model. These competency models provide a foundation upon which public health law curricula can be developed for governmental, nongovernmental, and academic public health practitioners. Such standardization of public health law curricula will ameliorate not only the training, but also selection and evaluation of public health practitioners, as well as better align public health training with national public health efforts.
Total realignment of multibranch stent graft using redo branch-in-branch endovascular repair for occult endoleak with rapid aneurysm sac expansion.

Abstract Occult endoleaks can pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge. These endoleaks are not effectively identified by multiphase computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Possible causes are small fabric tears and slow-flow, dynamic, or positional endoleaks. We describe a patient with rapid aneurysm sac expansion and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy 46 months after four-vessel branched physician-modified endograft repair of a ruptured extent III thoracoabdominal aneurysm. Imaging failed to demonstrate an endoleak but identified fresh blood products within the sac. The patient underwent total realignment using branch-in-branch repair with a physician-modified endograft. Repeated imaging 25 days postoperatively revealed decrease in aneurysm diameter by 10 mm.
COSRE: Community Exposure Risk Estimator for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to the complexities of virus genotypes and the stochastic contacts in human society, it is a big challenge to estimate the potential risks of getting exposed to a widely spreading virus. To allow the public to be aware of the exposure risks in their daily activities, we proposed a birthday-paradox-based probability model and implement it into a web-based system named COSRE for estimating community exposure risks of public gathering during a pandemic. The exposure risk means the probability of people meeting potential COVID hosts in public places like grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, office suits, etc. The model has three inputs: the real-time potential active patients, the population in local communities, and the customer counts in the room. With COSRE, people can explore the possible impacts of the pandemic by doing spatiotemporal analysis, e.g., moving through time and testing a different number of people to see the changes of risks as the pandemic unfolds. The system has the potential to advance our ability to know the accurate exposure risks in various communities and allow us to make plans with improved preparedness and precise responses for the pandemic. We use spatial analysis tools and drew the county-level exposure risks of the United States from April 1 to May 15. The experiment shows that the estimation model is very promising to assist people to be more specifically precise about their safety control in daily routine and social lives and help businesses to dynamically adjust their COVID-19 policies to accelerate their recovery.
Physician-patient racial concordance and disparities in birthing mortality for newborns.

Recent work has emphasized the benefits of patient–physician concordance on clinical care outcomes for underrepresented minorities, arguing it can ameliorate outgroup biases, boost communication, and increase trust. We explore concordance in a setting where racial disparities are particularly severe: childbirth. In the United States, Black newborns die at three times the rate of White newborns. Results examining 1.8 million hospital births in the state of Florida between 1992 and 2015 suggest that newborn–physician racial concordance is associated with a significant improvement in mortality for Black infants. Results further suggest that these benefits manifest during more challenging births and in hospitals that deliver more Black babies. We find no significant improvement in maternal mortality when birthing mothers share race with their physician.
Abstract 1881: Immune mediated interaction between radiation and cetuximab in a syngeneic murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with anti-EGFR (cetuximab) mAb-based immunotherapy often acquire therapy-resistance, reducing clinical benefit. We evaluated the efficacy of a combined modality in situ vaccination regimen aimed at overcoming resistance to cetuximab using a syngeneic tumor model. Experimental Design: The murine HNSCC cell line MOC2 was transduced to express human EGFR (MOC2-huEGFR) and used as a syngeneic model of therapeutic resistance to cetuximab. The cells were tested for viability, radiosensitivity, and huEGFR-specific mAb binding efficacy in the presence of cetuximab. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was tested by coculture of 51chromium-labeld MOC2-huEGFR with PBMC. Mice bearing these syngeneic tumors were treated with therapeutic regimens that included local radiation (RT), intratumoral (IT) cetuximab, and/or systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors, and tumor growth/survival rate were monitored. Result: Cetuximab induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in MOC2-huEGFR and PBMC co-cultures, but showed no effect on cell proliferation or radiosensitivity. Combined RT and IT-cetuximab treatment induced tumor growth delay, which required huEGFR expression, NK cells, and FcγR expression. In addition, combined RT+IT-cetuximab therapy greatly induced tumor infiltration by both CD8 T cells and NK cells. RT promoted NK cell-mediated ADCC effects against 51chromium-labeld MOC2-huEGFR with increased IFNγ expression. Proliferating tumor cells gradually increased Pd-l1 mRNA expression, and RT enhanced cell surface PD-L1 in MOC2-huEGFR cells. Systemic anti-PD-L1 antibody or IT-cetuximab alone did not show antitumor response against MOC2-huEGFR bearing mice; however, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed with combined anti-PD-L1, RT, and IT-cetuximab. Conclusion: The MOC2-huEGFR HNSCC tumor model is immunologically “cold” and does not respond to either cetuximab or anti-PD-L1 therapies alone. In this model, we show that a combination of RT+cetuximab+anti-PD-L1 elicits a cooperative in situ vaccine effect. Combining RT, cetuximab and immune checkpoint blockade may enable anti-tumor immune response in HNSCC patients with immunologically cold, huEGFR-expressing tumors. Citation Format: Wonjong Jin, Amy K. Erbe, Ciara Schwarz, Abigail Jaquish, Bryce R. Anderson, Raghava N. Sriramaneni, Justin C. Jagodinsky, Paul A. Clark, Zachary S. Morris. Immune mediated interaction between radiation and cetuximab in a syngeneic murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1881.
Calcium signaling consequences of RyR2 mutations associated with CPVT1 introduced via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Comparison of RyR2-R420Q, F2483I, and Q4201R.

Background Human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) created from patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 1 (CPVT1) have been used to study CPVT1 arrhythmia. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Ca2+ signaling aberrancies and pharmacological sensitivities of 3 CRISPR/Cas9-introduced CPVT1 mutations located in different molecular domains of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). Methods CRISPR/Cas9-engineered hiPSC-CMs carrying RyR2 mutations—R420Q, Q4201R, and F2483I—were voltage clamped, and their electrophysiology, pharmacology, and Ca2+ signaling phenotypes measured using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Results R420Q and Q4201R mutant hiPSC-CMs exhibit irregular, long-lasting, spatially wandering Ca2+ sparks and aberrant Ca2+ releases similar to F2483I unlike the wild-type myocytes. Large sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leaks and smaller SR Ca2+ contents were detected in cells expressing Q4201R and F2483I, but not R420Q. Fractional Ca2+ release and calcium-induced calcium release gain were higher in Q4201R than in R420Q and F2483I hiPSC-CMs. JTV519 was equally effective in suppressing Ca2+ sparks, waves, and SR Ca2+ leaks in hiPSC-CMs derived from all 3 mutant lines. Flecainide and dantrolene similarly suppressed SR Ca2+ leaks, but were less effective in decreasing spark frequency and durations. Conclusion CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of hiPSCs provides a novel approach in studying CPVT1-associated RyR2 mutations and suggests that Ca2+-signaling aberrancies and drug sensitivities may vary depending on the mutation site.
Recent advances in multicomponent microwave-assisted Ugi reactions

Abstract The use of microwave (MW) energy in organic synthesis has become a norm in research settings. The microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) allows for short reaction times and increased reaction yields. Multicomponent (MC) reactions have also become equally popular because of easy accessibility of diverse libraries of compounds, high efficiency, and atom economy. The multicomponent Ugi reaction generally consists of an isocyanide, an aldehyde or ketone, an amine, and a carboxylic acid as the starting materials to generate α-acyl-amido amides. In particular the microwave-assisted Ugi reaction provides one of the best reaction models to obtain biologically active scaffolds in short time. The reaction can be set up as a three-component coupling (3CC), four-component coupling (4CC), or five-component coupling (5CC) reactions. After the Ugi adduct is formed, many post-Ugi reactions have also been studied. This chapter focuses on the recent advances reported in the last 5 years regarding the multicomponent microwave-assisted Ugi reaction.
Single-cell analyses reveal a continuum of cell state and composition changes in the malignant transformation of polyps to colorectal cancer

To chart cell composition and cell state changes that occur during the transformation of healthy colon to precancerous adenomas to colorectal cancer (CRC), we generated 451,886 single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles and 208,557 single-cell transcriptomes from 48 polyps, 27 normal tissues, and 6 CRCs collected from patients with and without germline APC mutations. A large fraction of polyp and CRC cells exhibit a stem-like phenotype, and we define a continuum of epigenetic and transcriptional changes occurring in these stem-like cells as they progress from normal to CRC. Advanced polyps contain increasing numbers of stem-like cells, regulatory T-cells, and a subtype of FOX-regulated pre-cancer associated fibroblasts. In the cancerous state, we observe T-cell exhaustion, RUNX1-regulated cancer associated fibroblasts, and increasing accessibility associated with HNF4A motifs in epithelia. Methylation changes in sporadic CRC are strongly anti-correlated with accessibility changes along this continuum, further identifying regulatory markers for molecular staging of polyps.
Individual and collective foraging in autonomous search agents with human intervention

Humans and other complex organisms exhibit intelligent behaviors as individual agents and as groups of coordinated agents. They can switch between independent and collective modes of behavior, and flexible switching can be advantageous for adapting to ongoing changes in conditions. In the present study, we investigated the flexibility between independent and collective modes of behavior in a simulated social foraging task designed to benefit from both modes: distancing among ten foraging agents promoted faster detection of resources, whereas flocking promoted faster consumption. There was a tradeoff between faster detection versus faster consumption, but both factors contributed to foraging success. Results showed that group foraging performance among simulated agents was enhanced by loose coupling that balanced distancing and flocking among agents and enabled them to fluidly switch among a variety of groupings. We also examined the effects of more sophisticated cognitive capacities by studying how human players improve performance when they control one of the search agents. Results showed that human intervention further enhanced group performance with loosely coupled agents, and human foragers performed better when coordinating with loosely coupled agents. Humans players adapted their balance of independent versus collective search modes in response to the dynamics of simulated agents, thereby demonstrating the importance of adaptive flexibility in social foraging.
Applied Finite Element Procedure for Morphing Wing Design

Bistable composite laminates provide an appealing platform for morphing applications. On the other hand they exhibit geometrically nonlinear behavior and they are sensitive to imperfections. Their curing behavior dictates bifurcation buckling analysis while their actuation requires snapthrough buckling analysis. This work proposes a generalized finite element analysis procedure applying Koiter’s asymptotic postbuckling theory to address their curing and actuation. Initially the postbuckling theory is discussed providing essential aspects required for its application into finite element analysis. A generalized scheme is established for the Koiter-based procedure to enable its incorporation into design optimization routines. To prove its generality, the procedure is implemented into three finite element commercial codes, namely, ABAQUS, ANSYS and LS-DYNA. Best practices for these implementations are provided, then their accuracies are assessed through multiple comparisons with published data. Moreover, Hyper-Elliptic Cambered Span (HECS) Wing design is developed utilizing bistable laminates. Stability characteristics of several design variations of the morphing HECS wing are assessed using the developed procedure. The Koiter-based finite element procedure is proven to be both general and suitable for implementation in different finite element codes to address designs with complex geometry. Therefore, this work provides a unique platform for novel designs employing bistable composites in various engineering applications. Furthermore, it presents a general framework to implement Koiter’s asymptotic postbuckling theory in finite element codes for bifurcation buckling and post-buckling studies of imperfection-sensitive structures.
Exploring MPI Collective I/O and File-per-process I/O for Checkpointing a Logical Inference Task

We present a scalable parallel I/O system for a logical-inferencing application built atop a deductive database. Deductive databases can make logical deductions (i.e. conclude additional facts), based on a set of program rules, derived from facts already in the database. Datalog is a language or family of languages commonly used to specify rules and queries for a deductive database. Applications built using Datalog can range from graph mining (such as computing transitive closure or k-cliques) to program analysis (control and data-flow analysis). In our previous papers, we presented the first implementation of a data-parallel Datalog built using MPI. In this paper, we present a parallel I/O system used to checkpoint and restart applications built on top of our Datalog system. State of the art Datalog implementations, such as Souffle, only support serial I/O, mainly because the implementation itself does not support many-node parallel execution.Computing the transitive closure of a graph is one of the simplest logical-inferencing applications built using Datalog; we use it as a micro-benchmark to demonstrate the efficacy of our parallel I/O system. Internally, we use a nested B-tree data-structure to facilitate fast and efficient in-memory access to relational data. Our I/O system therefore involves two steps, converting the application data-layout (a nested B-tree) to a stream of bytes followed by the actual parallel I/O. We explore two popular I/O techniques POSIX I/O and MPI collective I/O. For extracting performance out of MPI Collective I/O we use adaptive striping, and for POSIX I/O we use file-per-process I/O. We demonstrate the scalability of our system at up to 4,096 processes on the Theta supercomputer at the Argonne National Laboratory.
Relation Between The Number Of Reefer Containers And The Load Of The Marine Electric Power Systems

Rapid development of unit cargo transport caused the contemporary container vessels to be adjusted to carrying a considerable number of reefer containers. They need to be plugged in to the marine electric power system right after being loaded providing they contain any cargo. They are assumed to be unplugged for no longer than twelve hours without any damage to the cargo. At present container vessels are equipped with even a few hundred of sockets for plugging in reefer containers. In case of loading the maximum number of reefer containers, they become the most powerful energy receiver on board the ship. The regulations of the classification institutions [4] define the marine electric power to be consumed by the reefer containers. The paper has been an attempt of estimation of a real value of power consumed by reefer containers illustrated by a container vessel 2200 TEU adjusted to carrying 350 reefer containers and a comparison of the achieved results with the directives of the selected classification institutions [4]. Moreover, a critical approach to the shipyard offices’ methods of establishing the number of reefer containers to be plugged in for the needs of ship owning companies ordering new vessels has been presented.
Periodic Solutions of Some Problems of 3-Body Type

The study of time periodic solutions of the n-body problem is a classical one. See e.g 1 The purpose of this paper is to sketch some of our recent research on the existence of time periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems of 3-body type [2] This work presents a new direct variational approach to the problem.
In vitro sensitization to transplantation antigens. V. Suppression of T-cell and of B-cell function in vitro.

Abstract A previous report from this laboratory indicated that thymus-bone marrow cooperation occurs during the in vitro sensitization to transplantation antigens. The present report continues our investigation of this T and B cell interaction by attempting to control each of these cell populations in vitro . Two lines of evidence indicate that the T cell is required during the in vitro sensitization to alloantigens: (1) Anti-theta serum pretreatment of lymphoid cells interferes with their ability to become sensitized in vitro to transplantation antigens; (2) Lymphoid cells from neonatally thymectomized donors do not become allosensitized in vitro . In vitro suppression of B cell function was accomplished with an antibone marrow serum (anti-beta serum). Anti-beta serum treatment of lymph node or bone marrow cells impairs the ability of such cells to partcipate in the in vitro sensitization to transplantation antigens. The active cell subpopulations of lymph node cells, obtained by density gradient fractionation, can likewise be suppressed in vitro by pretreatment with anti-theta or anti-beta serum. These results confirm the necessity for thymus-marrow cooperation in vitro , and in addition suggest the existence, in the lymph node, of subclasses of T and B cells participating in the in vitro allograft reaction.
The Structure of the Log Odds-Ratios in Non-Independence and Symmetry Diagonal Models for Square Contingency Tables

This paper examines the structure of the interaction term when expressed as the log ofthe odds-ratios ij in the log-linear model formulation of non-independence and symmetry diagonalmodels applied to an I x I contingency table having ordinal classificatory variables. The class ofprincipal diagonal, diagonal band, full diagonal and diagonal-parameters symmetry models areexamined in the study. The general structure of Φij is examined for each class of diagonal models.The 5 x 5 British Social Mobility data (Glass, 1954) will be employed as an example in this paper.The structure of the log odds-ratios are formulated in terms of the parameter estimates obtained from the application of SAS PROC GENMOD. Goodman in several of his papers on the subject has also derived some of these log odds ratios but our focus here is the structure of these odds, when viewed from the non-standard log-linear perspective (Lawal, 2001, 2002).
Ethnicity, catastrophizing, and qualities of the pain experience.

Objective It is generally well established that catastrophizing exerts a potent influence on individuals' experience of pain and accompanying emotional distress. Further, preliminary evidence has shown that meaningful differences among various pain relevant outcomes (e.g., pain ratings, endogenous pain inhibitory processes) can be attributed to individuals' ethnic background. The mechanisms that might explain ethnic differences in pain outcomes are unclear, and it remains to be fully established whether the relation between ethnicity and pain response may be indirectly affected by pain catastrophizing.
Mathematical Model of Liver Regeneration in Human Live Donors

Liver regeneration after injury occurs in many mammals. Rat liver regenerates after partial hepatectomy over a period of 2 weeks while human liver regeneration takes several months. Notwithstanding this enormous difference in time-scales, with new data from five human live liver transplant donors, we show that a mathematical model of rat liver regeneration can be transferred to human, with all biochemical interactions and signaling unchanged. Only six phenomenological parameters need change, and three of these parameter changes are rescalings of rate constants by the ratio of human lifespan to rat lifespan. Data from three donor subjects with approximately equal resections were used to fit the three parameters and the data from the other two donor subjects was used to independently verify the fit.
Visualization of computer-modeled forests for forest management

Forest management is a costly and time-consuming activity. Remote sensing has the potential to improve the process by making it cheaper and more efficient, but only if appropriate characteristics can be determined from computer-models. This paper describes the implementation of a forest visualization system and a corresponding user study that tests the accuracy of parameter estimation and forest characterization. The study uses data obtained from field-surveys to generate a computer-modeled forest. Five different stands were tested. Based on the quantitative results obtained, generally, there is no statistically significant difference in parameter estimation when comparing field-recorded videos and computer-generated videos.
Transfer of LacZ marker Gene to the meniscus

Background: Lesions in the avascular two-thirds of the meniscus do not heal well and are of concern clinically. Various growth factors promote the synthesis of matrix by meniscal cells and thus have the potential to augment healing. However, their clinical application is severely hindered by problems with delivery. An attractive approach to overcoming such problems is to transfer genes that encode the growth factors in question to the site of the injury. As a prelude to this, we evaluated methods for delivering genes to the meniscus. Methods: Gene transfer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a lacZ marker gene, which expresses the enzyme β-galactosidase. Two types of vectors were tested: an adenovirus and a retrovirus. Monolayers of lapine, canine, and human meniscal cells, as well as intact lapine and human menisci, were used for the in vitro studies. Lesions were created in the menisci of rabbits and dogs for the in vivo studies. Gene transfer to the sites of the experimental meniscal lesions in vivo was accomplished in two ways. In the lapine model, a suspension of adenovirus carrying the lacZ marker gene was mixed with whole blood and the clot was inserted into the lesion. In the canine model, retrovirally transduced allogenic meniscal cells carrying the lacZ marker gene were embedded in collagen gels and transferred to the defects. The animals were killed at various time-points, and gene expression was evaluated by histological examination of sections stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-β-D-galactose (X-gal), from which a blue chromagen is released in the presence of β-galactosidase, Results: Monolayer cultures of lapine, canine, and human meniscal cells were susceptible to genetic transduction by both adenoviral and retroviral vectors. In vitro gene transfer to intact human and lapine menisci proved possible both by direct, adenoviral, delivery and indirect, retroviral, delivery. Gene expression persisted for at least twenty weeks under in vitro conditions. With regard to the in vivo studies, gene expression persisted within the clot and in some of the adjacent meniscal cells for at least three weeks in the lapine defect model. In the canine defect model, gene expression persisted within the transplanted, transduced meniscal cells for at least six weeks. Conclusions: It is possible to transfer genes to sites of meniscal damage and to express them locally within the lesion for several weeks. Clinical Relevance: Healing of the avascular portion of the meniscus may be improved by the transfer of genes encoding the appropriate growth factors. To our knowledge, the present report is the first to describe methods for transferring genes to the meniscus. When used in conjunction with the appropriate growth-factor genes, these techniques should help to provide the basis for potential alternative treatment options for meniscal lesions. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these techniques will lead to improved healing of meniscal defects in vivo.
Development of Professionalism and Performance Accountability for Sustained FIM Accuracy Improvement

Purpose Rehabilitation nurses have essential responsibility for detailed Functional Independence Measure (FIM) documentation and accurate scoring. The goal of this performance improvement project was to improve individual FIM accuracy and establish and maintain a FIM accuracy standard. Design Case Study. Methods This performance improvement project was implemented in a 20-bed CARF-accredited Midwestern acute care hospital inpatient rehabilitation unit. Findings Improved individual and overall RN FIM scoring accuracy, with increased length of stay and case mix index. Conclusions Concurrent FIM scoring and documentation review holds staff accountable and allows for timely revisions following discrepancy identification. Leadership supports for concurrent FIM audits, utilization of available technology, transparent reporting of results, and individual accountability lead to sustained improvement in FIM scoring accuracy. Clinical Relevance Accurate FIM documentation and scoring drive appropriate length of stay and case mix group assignment. Assessment competence enhances nursing engagement, confidence, and process accountability.
Experimental studies on hatching behavior in the chick. I. Thoracic spinal gaps

Using microsurgical techniques spinal “gaps” were made in the thoracic level of chick embryos at two days of incubation by removing small lengths of neural tissue. These same embryos were then examined in detail between 17 days and hatching for any behavioral modifications. The frequency and patterns of various movements anterior to the gap were found to be similar to control embryos. Leg movements were also found to be equal in number to those of the controls. Operated embryos, while being able to orient correctly in the egg and to pip the shell, were not able to hatch on their own. This was due to an inability of these embryos to coordinate movements of the legs with movements anterior to the spinal gap, and to the absence of vigorous stemming movements of the legs against the shell. This prohibited them from cracking and rotating around the sell and hence from hatching. Three of the spinal embryos which were artificially hatched (pulled out of shell) were not able to stand or walk after two days. However, the legs of these chicks did show “spontaneous” alternating kicking movements and were responsive to stimulation.
Ceramide 1-Phosphate Phosphatase Activity in Brain

Recent studies have implicated sphingolipids in a variety of intracellular signaling systems. The finding that a calcium-stimulated ceramide kinase copurifies with neurotransmitter-containing vesicles suggests that ceramide, or one of its metabolites, has a role in neurotransmitter release. As a step toward understanding the role of ceramide kinase in vesicle functioning, this study sought to determine the metabolic fate of the product, ceramide 1-phosphate. We report that ceramide 1-phosphate is not deacylated by brain ceramidases to produce sphingosine 1-phosphate. It is, however, the substrate for a phosphatase activity that we name ceramide 1-phosphate phosphatase (CPPase). Subcellular fractionation studies suggest that CPPase is found in the synaptic terminal and is associated with both synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes. Divalent cations, most notably calcium, inhibit CPPase activity although not at concentrations that activate ceramide kinase. The existence of both ceramide kinase and CPPase activities at the synapse suggests that ceramide 1-phosphate production regulates some aspect of synaptic vesicle functioning.
Comparison of USA-DYNA finite element models for a stiffened shell subject to underwater shock

Abstract A numerical study was conducted for simplified finite element modeling of stiffened structures under a dynamic loading. The study considerd submerged structures subject to an underwater explosion. The objective of this study was to develop a finite element modeling technique which is computationally efficient and still accurate in terms of the structural dynamic response. This paper investigated techniques for smearing of stiffeners, represenation of a cylindrical shell by a beam with surface of revolution (SOR), and interface of a cylindrical shell with a SOR beam. The advantage and disadvantage: of those techniques in conjunction with an explicit time-integration scheme were also discussed.
Do pieces of the self-puzzle fit? Integrated/fragmented selves in biculturally-identified Chinese Americans

Abstract Individual differences in integrated/fragmented selves were examined among 179 biculturally-identified Chinese Americans. Although 58% reported multiple selves that felt truly integrated, as bicultural acculturation would assume, 42% reported self-fragmentation. Integration/fragmentation was differentially associated with adjustment and relationship quality. Those with integrated selves reported the most adaptive outcomes, those who were distressed about their self-fragmentation reported the least adaptive outcomes, and those who felt comfortable with self-fragmentation fell somewhere in between. Results caution against assuming that bicultural individuals are homogenously well-adapted, and speak to the utility of bridging acculturation and self research to better understand sociocultural adaptation processes.
Multilocus Genetic Composite Reflecting Dopamine Signaling Capacity Predicts Reward Circuitry Responsivity

The objective of the study was to test the hypotheses that humans with genotypes putatively associated with low dopamine (DA) signaling capacity, including the TaqIA A1 allele, DRD2-141C Ins/Ins genotype, DRD4 7-repeat or longer allele, DAT1 10-repeat allele, and the Met/Met COMT genotype, and with a greater number of these genotypes per a multilocus composite, show less responsivity of reward regions that primarily rely on DA signaling. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms were used to investigate activation in response to receipt and anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward. DNA was extracted from saliva using standard methods. Participants were 160 adolescents (mean age = 15.3 years, SD = 1.07 years; mean body mass index = 20.8, SD = 1.9). The main outcome was blood oxygenation level-dependent activation in the fMRI paradigms. Data confirmed that these fMRI paradigms activated reward, attention, somatosensory, and gustatory regions. Individuals with, versus without, these five genotypes did not show less activation of DA-based reward regions, but those with the Met/Met versus the Val/Val COMT genotype showed less middle temporal gyrus activation and those with the DRD4-L versus the DRD4-S genotype showed less middle occipital gyrus activation in response to monetary reward. Critically, the multilocus composite score revealed that those with a greater number of these genotypes showed less activation in reward regions, including the putamen, caudate, and insula, in response to monetary reward. The results suggest that the multilocus genetic composite is a more sensitive index of vulnerability for low reward region responsivity than individual genotypes.
Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in children: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

The term “atypical” pneumonia has been used to differentiate infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella, and other related organisms from pneumonia caused by classic bacteria, the prototype being Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, recent studies demonstrated that the clinical presentation of pneumonia due to atypical pathogens cannot readily be differentiated from those caused by “typical” bacteria. This is further complicated by the observation that coinfections with atypical pathogens and other bacteria are frequent. Nonetheless, the term “atypical” can be useful, as these organisms share a number of characteristics that separate them from “typical” bacteria. They are either obligate or facultative intracellular parasites that cannot be isolated using routine microbiologic methods. The most commonly used method of diagnosis of these infections is serology, which has significant limitations. Although C. pneumoniae is now recognized worldwide as a common cause of respiratory infections in adults and children, major gaps remain in our knowledge of the biology of this organism and how it causes disease, in major part due to the lack of readily available, standardized diagnostic methods. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:384–390. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Narrative futures and the governance of energy transitions

Abstract Today's societies confront an enormous challenge with regard to governing complex energy systems change. We argue that futures approaches based on narrative strategies that encourage individual and collective storytelling and meaning construction offer a valuable tool for enhancing societal capacity to meet this and similar governance challenges. We report on a two-day scenario planning exercise that sought to implement and test these ideas. The exercise involved a diverse group of professionals in both energy and non-energy fields, with a question focused on the narrative construction and deliberation of scenarios about Arizona's energy future in 2050.