cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of coherent radar backscatter from dynamic sea surfaces

Direct numerical simulations are used to evaluate the properties of sea clutter at low grazing angles. Electromagnetic calculations are based on iterative solution to the frequency-domain integral equation for the surface current. Performing calculations at multiple frequencies and for sequential surface profiles, range-resolved time-varying radar response from the dynamic surface can be simulated. At present, ocean surface is generated using spectral-based slightly nonlinear model that accounts for interactions of smaller ripples with longer waves but does not include any wave breaking. We address the computational aspects of the simulations and discusses initial results of Monte Carlo study of low grazing surface clutter. While calculations have to be limited to a two-dimensional space, they serve as a useful benchmark for analytical models and have direct application for commonly occurring three-dimensional geometries.
Optimizing tool availiability and lead time with procurement options

"Procurement options" provide manufacturers with guaranteed, reduced tool lead times in exchange for the assumption of liability for a portion of the capacity and material costs a tool supplier must incur to support this commitment. Appropriately constructed and managed portfolios of procurement options allow manufacturers to control capacity availability, cost, lead time and liability, making possible predictable operating and financial performance tailored to management's objectives. By managing customer relationships with procurement options, suppliers are similarly able to significantly improve both cost and efficiency of planning and execution, and reduce their operating and financial risk
Working in the Uncharted Technology Frontier: Characteristics of Women Web Entrepreneurs

The numbers of women choosing to become entrepreneurs has been steadily increasing for the past two decades. Recently, the Internet has provided a new venue for business that may be especially appealing for women. This study was conducted to explore gender- and business-related characteristics of women who own Internet businesses. Two hundred and eight women web entrepreneurs responded to an on-line survey. The results indicated that the types of businesses participants owned could be differentiated based on characteristics of the women web entrepreneurs. Specifically, women owning retail businesses reported less familiarity with computers and geared their Internet businesses more to women. In addition, participants defined the success of their Internet businesses in multiple ways that reflected their current life roles.
Academic Advising Experiences of First-Year Undecided Students: A Qualitative Study.

Often the frontline campus representatives who interact with undecided students, academic advisors receive the opportunity to offer academic support and guidance during the academic journey, which ...
Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy

In proposing connections among the paradigms represented by domain theory, parental control theory, and Baumrind's configural approach to parental authority, the worldview of each paradigm must be respected and ambiguities in core concepts must be resolved.
The square root raised cosine wavelet and its relation to the Meyer functions

A special case of the Meyer scaling function is shown to coincide with the square root raised cosine (SRRC) communication pulse, provided the fractional excess bandwidth is bounded above by one third. This pulse is widely used in digital transmission systems including the North American TDMA cellular standard. Having made this connection, we proceed to derive the time-domain SRRC wavelet in closed form. Although the SRRC wavelet with nonzero excess bandwidth reduces to the ideal sinc wavelet, allowing for a valid nonzero excess bandwidth produces a wavelet of practical interest particularly for communication applications.
Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Pediatric Patients Receiving Protease Inhibitors

BACKGROUND:In adults with HIV infection, lipodystrophy syndrome may develop, characterized by peripheral wasting in the extremities, central obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. This syndrome occurs in HIV-positive pediatric patients who take protease inhibitors (PIs). However, the full characteristics of the syndrome in this population is not fully understood.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between the use of PIs and the occurrence of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected children.METHODS:Pediatric patients attending an outpatient HIV clinic between 1994 and 2000 were prospectively enrolled. All patients were between 1 and 17 years of age and had received a PI for at least 1 month. The medical records were reviewed monthly for 3 months before PI therapy was started and then monthly for 36 months. At each evaluation, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose concentrations were recorded, as well as physici...
Impact of Food Disinfection on Beneficial Biothiol Contents in Strawberry

In this study, the impact of four food disinfectants including hydrogen peroxide, free chlorine, and gaseous- and aqueous-phase ozone with industrial doses on the concentration of biothiol compounds γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH) and cystein (CYS) in strawberry was investigated for 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 or 120 min. Additionally, the amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was analyzed for calculation of the GSH/GSSG ratio as an indicator of oxidative stress. After this treatment, thiol contents of strawberry samples were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. According to the results of measurements, free chlorine treatment for only 60 min significantly decreased CYS content in strawberry (p < 0.05). A significant decline in the GSH/GSSG ratio was also observed when H2O2 was applied for all time intervals except for 1 min (p < 0.05). However, aqueous-phase ozone treatment did not significantly affect the thiol levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study may provide optimum...
Risk of complications after bariatric surgery among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in obese individuals. Bariatric surgery, promoted for reducing the medical problems of morbid obesity, has been increasingly recognized for its particular efficacy in treating diabetes. However, before bariatric surgery can be recommended for the treatment of diabetes, its safety in the diabetic population must be known. We assessed the odds of complications after bariatric surgery in patients with and without diabetes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Using an administrative database from 7 Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans, we identified 22,288 subjects who had undergone bariatric surgery from 2002 to 2008. From this cohort, we selected 6754 pairs of surgical patients (1 with and 1 without diabetes) matched by age, gender, health plan, and year of surgery. With conditional logistic regression analysis, we determined the relative odds of postoperative complications for ≤12 months after surgery in the 2 groups. Results The mean age of the surgical patients was 46 years, and 79% were women. Postoperative complications were rare and comparable in those with and without diabetes. The most common complications were nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (8.8%), the need for a gastric revision procedure (5.0%), and upper endoscopy (2.3%). Select cardiac, infectious, and renal complications occurred more frequently in the diabetic group. The incidence of cardiac complications was greater in the 2–3-month and 4–6-month postoperative periods (odds ratio [OR] 1.7, P P P P = .01). Conclusions Our findings support the safety of bariatric surgery in obese individuals with diabetes, although management strategies to avert postoperative cardiac, infectious, and renal complications in this population might be warranted.
Local Government Responses to Workplace Violence A Status Report

This article reports on the findings of a national survey of local governments' efforts to deal with workplace violence on the policy and program levels. Directors of departments of human resources and personnel in 472 jurisdictions with populations of 100,000 or more were mailed a questionnaire, and a 66.7% response rate was achieved. Highlights of the findings include: (1) about one-third of these cities and counties have workplace violence policies and related programs in operation, (2) human resources directors were major actors in developing these policies, and their offices typically play a major role in implementing them; and, (3) violence by terrorists is not a major concern, while assaults and homicides arising from interpersonal conflicts, drugs and alcohol abuse, and adverse actions received considerable attention
HEREDITARY INFLAMMATORY VASCULITIS WITH PERSISTENT NODLES A GENETICALLY‐DETERMINED NEW ENTITY PROBABLY RELATED TO LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Summary.— A family of 3 generations is reported, in which several members had had recurrent nodules over the limbs since early childhood. Special features were: agggravation by exposure to sunlight, and complete suppression of the lesions with chloroquine therapy. Histological studies of the nodules showed a lymphocytic vasculitis without necrosis, extending deeply into the fat. The possibility that this is a particular familial form of lupus erythematosus profundus is discussed.
Variation in subject-verb concord in Early Modern English

Determining the function of verbal -s in the Black English Vernacular (BEV) has been a major problem in sociolinguistics. Linguists have offered four answers to questions about the feature's origins and function, with -s seen as a case of hypercorrection, as a marker of durative/habitual aspect, as a variable marker of present tense (with the variation stemming from dialect mixture), and as a marker of historical present regardless of person and number. This article argues that confusion about -s results largely from four mistaken assumptions about it: (1) that -s did not exist in earlier varieties of BEV, (2) that the use of -s in the plural bears no relation to its use in the singular or to other processes such as the use of is as a plural or copula and auxiliary absence, (3) that -s has always functioned simply as a person/number marker in white vernaculars, and (4) that any role white vernaculars may have played in the variability of -s was a consequence of regional variation brought to the United States. This article addresses these assumptions by examining the function of -s, both in the singular and plural, and of plural is in the Cely Letters, written between 1472 and 1488, and by comparing the results to similar data in black and white vernaculars. The analysis shows that in the Cely Letters the presence of an NP subject strongly favors the occurrence of both singular and plural -s and also plural is. The same constraint operates on the same forms in older black and white vernaculars, and it affects copula and auxiliary absence as well. In the speech of younger blacks and whites, this constraint has begun to disappear as -s has become solely a marker of person/number agreement in white speech and as -s itself has disappeared in BEV.
Causes of high O3 in the lower free troposphere over the Pacific Northwest as observed at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

Abstract We measured O3, CO, Hg, sub-micron particle scattering of mid-visible light (σsp), and water vapor (WV) at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) in central Oregon, USA since 2004. The data were used to identify sources of large ozone enhancements in the lower free troposphere (FT). A total of 25 high-ozone events, defined as time periods when the 8-h averaged O3 mixing ratio was >70.0 ppbv, were recorded. The events occurred between early March and late September. For 18 of the 25 event days we were able to identify sources based on (1) relative enhancements of O3, CO, Hg and WV compared with the corresponding monthly distributions and (2) supporting data from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) global aerosol model, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite-derived active fire counts from the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS). Our analysis suggests that enhanced O3 levels during all the identified events were transported to MBO in the FT and were driven mostly by subsidence of O3-rich air masses from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS), Asian long range transport (ALRT) and mixed ALRT + UT/LS influences. The UT/LS events were depleted in CO and total atmospheric mercury (TAM) compared to monthly median values. Levels of O3 and CO tended to be anti-correlated during UT/LS events, consistent with transport from clean regions in the UT. Conversely, the ALRT events were characterized by concomitant enhancements in CO and TAM with mean values during each event that were >70th percentile values for the months during which the events occurred. Unlike for UT/LS events, levels of O3 and CO during ALRT events tended to be correlated, consistent with photochemical O3 production in polluted air masses transported across the Pacific. The mixed ALRT + UT/LS events exhibited characteristics that were intermediate between those of the ALRT and UT/LS events. For the classifiable cases the fractional distribution of each event type was: UT/LS, ∼44% (n = 8); ALRT + UT/LS, ∼33% (n = 6); ALRT, ∼22% (n = 4). In terms of the total number of classifiable high-ozone event hours UT/LS, ALRT + UT/LS and ALRT events accounted for ∼52% (t = 85), ∼36% (t = 59) and ∼13% (t = 21), respectively. The results indicate that downward mixing of O3-rich air masses from the UT/LS together with trans-Pacific transport of urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions from the Asian continent are the most important mechanisms for delivering high O3 levels (i.e., 8-h averages >70.0 ppbv) to the lower FT in the Pacific Northwest.
Action Research and Adaptive Planning

This chapter will argue in support of a general thesis: that action research needs to be extended to include planning, and planning to include action research. What this may mean will become clear as soon as we look at planning as a collaborative undertaking between social actors and social scientists to achieve an active adaption to complexity, interdependence, and uncertainty, these being the conditions which most characterize the emerging world environment. In such a concept the process is more important than the plan, the learning that takes place more critical than the results obtained. Each fresh step, in conjunction with environmental factors, provides the starting point for the next. There is no finality. The need is to develop a capability, not a product. This strengthening capability has to exist simultaneously at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.
Study of Nucleation of Electroless Cu Deposition on Pd

We studied the nucleation of Cu deposited by an electroless bath. A Pd seed layer was sputtered onto a (100) Si substrate and analyzed with GIX, STM, and AFM. The seed layer was then placed in varying ED-Cu bath conditions and also analyzed using GIX, STM, and AFM. GIX analysis results show a (111) texture for the Pd seed layer as well as the ED-Cu layer. The seed layer’s influence on the deposited Cu grain’s texture was found to be inconclusive.
Donor positive blood culture is associated with delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients: a propensity score analysis of the UNOS database.

BACKGROUND The effect of blood culture positive donor (BCPD) on delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant recipients has not been well established. METHODS We retrieved data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry on all adults who underwent primary, single organ deceased-donor kidney transplantation in US between 2008 and 2013. Patients were classified in two cohorts: the BCPD cohort and the non-BCPD cohort. We used propensity scores for 1:1 matching of BCPD and non-BCPD cohorts. DGF, graft and patient survival at one yr were compared between cohorts using multivariable logistic and Cox regression models. DGF was defined as requiring dialysis within the first week post-transplant. RESULTS There were 4126 (8.1%) recipients of BCPD during the study period. DGF was associated with BCPD (aOR; 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.24). This association was maintained in the propensity-score matched analysis (p < 0.01). No association was found between BCPD and graft survival (aHR; 1.01, 95% CI, 0.92-1.09) or patient survival (aHR; 0.92, 95% CI, 0.82-1.04). CONCLUSION Blood culture positive donor was associated with DGF but did not impact graft or patient survival in deceased-donor kidney transplants. This suggests a transient negative effect of BCPD that does not appear to translate into a more persistent deleterious outcome.
"Money Will Solve the Problem": Testing the Effectiveness of Conditional Incentives for Online Surveys

In conducting surveys, incentivizing participation through the use of cash or other rewards has often been used to encourage participation. This is often done with the hopes of increasing response rates and, therefore, representativeness of the responding sample as well. The effectiveness of incentives has generally been shown to be positive, but results have been mixed for conditional incentives and for online surveys. Using an experimental design and leverage-salience theory, the survey uses a random sample of full-time undergraduate students to estimate group differences. Both official and self-report data are utilized to assess various social statistics. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three different groups, which determined whether they were offered five dollars, two dollars, or nothing for their participation. Results indicate that a five-dollar conditional reward credited to students’ campus ID card account does increase participation rates, which does improve the representativeness of the sample by reducing differences in GPA and gender proportions. The difference in representativeness, however, does not appear to significantly bias substantive conclusions.
Time consumed by microscopic and nonmicroscopic tasks in image-assisted gynecologic screening: Implications for workload assessment.

BACKGROUND Gynecologic screening cytology is a complex task that includes microscopic activities and nonmicroscopic activities. The authors sought to determine the amount and percentage of time that cytotechnologists spend on those activities using the ThinPrep imaging system. METHODS In arm 1, a total of 550 consecutive unselected slides were reviewed by 11 cytotechnologists, and the time used for individual subtasks of the screening process was recorded. In arm 2, a total of 20 unselected slides were each screened by 10 different cytotechnologists (200 slides in total) and total screening times and full manual review (FMR) times were recorded. RESULTS In arm 1, cases with and without FMR required an average of 5.6 minutes and 3.0 minutes, respectively, to screen. Overall, review of fields of view (FOVs) took 95 seconds. FMR took an average of 2.6 minutes. The average screening times for FOV-only cases was significantly longer than the US Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (FDA/CMS) workload limit of 2.4 minutes (P = .005). However, in arm 2, the time needed to screen a case increased by an average of 1 minute compared with arm 1, including 1.1 minute for FOV-only cases and >2 minutes for FMR plus FOV cases. Approximately 100% of cases screened as FOV only exceeded the FDA/CMS workload limit of 2.4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The FDA/CMS workload limits for FOV-only cases appears to significantly underestimate the time needed to screen those cases, but seems to be appropriate for the majority of FMR plus FOV cases. Approximately 60% and 30% of the time designated to screening slides was spent on nonmicroscopic activities for FOV-only cases and FMR cases, respectively. Cancer Cytopathol 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Neutralizing and Hemagglutination-Inhibiting Antibodies to Rubella Virus as Indicators of Protective Immunity in Vaccinees and Naturally Immune Individuals

In general, hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) and neutralizing (NT) antibodies to rubella virus tend to parallel one another, and the presence of either antibody has been interpreted as reflecting protective immunity. It has recently been shown that persons who have HAI antibody but lack NT antibody may be subject to reinfection. In the present study these two antibodies were compared with regard to their appearance and persistence in vaccines and in those who have experienced natural infection. NT antibody appeared more slowly following immunization with HPV77DE5 or Cendehill vaccines than after natural infection or immunization with RA 27/3 vaccine. As with natural infection, initial NT antibody responses to RA 27/3 vaccine were of higher titer and persisted at higher levels for three years than was the case with either of the other vaccines. NT testing procedures were found to differ in sensitivity, depending on several factors including the cells in which the virus was grown.
High-Order Finite-Element Method and Dynamic Adaptation for Two-Dimensional Laminar and Turbulent Navier-Stokes

A dynamic adaptation algorithm has been implemented within a streamline/upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) finite-element method. The proposed adaptation is able to perform multi-level h-, p-, and hp-refinement/derefinement and can be utilized within any continuous Galerkin formulation. To consistently account for hanging nodes, constrained approximation method is utilized. To demonstrate the developed methodology, the Euler and Reynolds Average NavierStokes (RANS) equations, equipped with a modified Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model, are used. A fully implicit linearization is used to advance each iteration or time-step, for steady-state or unsteady simulations, respectively. Adjoint-based and feature-based adaptations are employed in several numerical examples to assess the capability of the current approach. These examples include the comparison of adjoint-based h-, p-, and hp-adaptation for steady inviscid flow over a four element airfoil, adjoint-based h-adaptation for steady turbulent flow over a three element airfoil, and dynamic feature-based hand p-adaptation for laminar flow over a cylinder. Results illustrate consistent accuracy improvement of the functional outputs and also capability enhancement in capturing typical viscous effects such as flow separation, vortex shedding, and turbulent flow structures.
Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers (MCP-C): Rationale and Overview.

Objective: The multidimensional burden that results from providing care to a patient with cancer is well documented and a growing number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to address this burden. None, however, target existential distress, a critical, common element — and potentially driving mechanism — of caregiver burden. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention originally developed by our group to target existential distress and spiritual well-being among patients with advanced cancer. We are currently developing Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers (MCP-C). The objective of this qualitative study is to describe the application of MCP to the unique experience of caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Methods: A case study of a participant from an initial MCP-C group is presented, with a focus on the application of sources of meaning to the cancer caregiving experience. Results: The exploration of critical sources of meaning in the participant's life generally, and related to caregiving specifically, highlighted significant areas of growth, including an increased understanding of the historical context shaping her experience of providing care, the recognition of the need for improved self-care and reconnecting with meaningful activities, and the possibility for continued connectedness to others and the world, despite the limitations resulting from her husband's terminal illness. Significance of results: Existential distress is a critical and often overlooked element of burden among cancer caregivers. MCP-C is intended to target this component of burden and address this critical gap in the palliative care literature. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of MCP-C delivered over the Internet. Future studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of MCP-C for particularly burdened groups of caregivers, such as caregivers of patients with brain tumors and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, and to identify target points of delivery that will optimize the intervention's benefits.
Determination of menthol in gel-unguentum by GC cataplasm

Objective To verify the established method for the determination of menthol in gel-unguentum by gas chromatography(GC).Methods The verification was carried out based on the drugs quality specification analysis method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010(edition two).The accuracy,precision,specificity,limit of quantitation,linearity and durability of the established method were verified.Results The linear range of menthol was 4.500 5×10-5~1.050 1×10-4 g·mL-1(r=0.999 9).The recovery rates of different concentrations,including 0.027 51,0.033 84 and 0.041 68(g/100 g),were 98.5%(RSD=0.56%),98.1%(RSD=0.76%)and 98.6%(RSD=0.41%),respectively.Conclusion The established method was rapid,accurate with good resolution and high sensitivity for the determination of menthol content in gel-unguentum.
Direct determination of Li,Mg,Ca,Fe,Cu and Zn in serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective:Developing a accurate method to directly determine Li,Mg,Ca,Fe,Cu and Zn in serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Methods:After dilution with 0.1%HNO3+ 0.1%Triton-100 by a factor of 20,the serum was directly determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry which use mix internal standard to eliminate mass matrix interference.Results:The detections of limits were 0.01 mg/L～0.3 mg/L,the RSD were less than 2.0%,recoveries were 97.6%～101%,the results of analyzing standard materiel were satisfactory.Conclusion:This method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can directly determinate sixteen trace metal elements in serum.
Between Control and Constraint: Charting Three Rhetorics of Patient Agency

As we enter an era of so-called Do it Yourself health, “patient agency” has become a dominant theme in public discourses of health and medicine. Despite increased salience, patient agency remains a vague term that is capable of being operationalized and moralized in ways that escape attention. To illustrate this, I chart common rhetorical configurations of patient agency in public discourses of health and medicine, and in doing so find that patient agency is commonly rhetoricized as one of three overlapping patient capacities: the capacity to know, the capacity to prevent, and the capacity to decide. Ultimately, I argue that these three rhetorics of patient agency can be deployed to cultivate health subjectivities imbued with untenable ideals of individual control that constrain, rather than open, patients’ rhetorical choices.
Observer design for an IPDE with time-dependent coefficients

This paper develops an exponentially convergent observer for a reaction-advection-diffusion integro-partial differential equation (IPDE) with time-dependent coefficients, via the PDE backstepping method. For the (I)PDEs with timedependent coefficients, the backstepping transform gain kernel system is an (integral) evolution equation, and its coefficients also depend on time, which makes the derivation of the well-posedness of its solution to this (I)PDE nontrivial. The majorant argument is powerful in dealing with this difficulty, which is utilized in some existing literatures and is also employed in this study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no existing results of observer design for the class of IPDEs with time-dependent, possibly unbounded, coefficients (which have possibly unbounded derivatives) on infinite time interval. Indeed, all the previous references for stabilization or observer design problem of an PDE with time-dependent coefficients consider a finite time interval, or the coefficients (and their derivatives) are required to be bounded with respect to the time variable. This paper could thus serve as a starting point for the study of these IPDEs.
The Rise of Economical Reform, 1770–79

When Grafton resigned in 1770, George III had a prime minister who suited him — Frederick, Lord North. As chancellor of the exchequer under Grafton, North had won the confidence of the Cabinet and the independent members of the House of Commons. Horace Walpole remarked, ‘it was obvious how much weight the personal presence of a First Minister in the House of Commons carried with it.’1
6. Families of Abelian Varieties

6.1 Kuga Fiber Varieties 6.2 Automorphy Factors and Kernel Functions 6.3 Mixed Automorphic Forms and Kuga Fiber Varieties 6.4 Embeddings of Kuga Fiber Varieties
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Alters Metabolic Systems in Adult Rats.

Human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with an increased incidence of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease and possibly lung cancer. Metabolomics can reveal changes in metabolic networks in organisms under different physio-pathological conditions. Our objective was to identify spatial and temporal metabolic alterations with acute and repeated subchronic ETS exposure to understand mechanisms by which ETS exposure may cause adverse physiological and structural changes in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Established and validated metabolomics assays of the lungs, hearts. and blood of young adult male rats following 1, 3, 8, and 21 days of exposure to ETS along with day-matched sham control rats (n = 8) were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, BinBase database processing, multivariate statistical modeling, and MetaMapp biochemical mapping. A total of 489 metabolites were measured in the lung, heart, and blood, of which 142 metabolites were i...
Structural Characterization of Natural Nickel and Copper Binding Ligands along the US GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect

Organic ligands form strong complexes with many trace elements in seawater. Various metals can compete for the same ligand chelation sites, and the final speciation of bound metals is determined by relative binding affinities, concentrations of binding sites, uncomplexed metal concentrations, and association/dissociation kinetics. Different ligands have a wide range of metal affinities and specificities. However, the chemical composition of these ligands in the marine environment remains poorly constrained, which has hindered progress in modeling marine metal speciation. In this study, we detected and characterized natural ligands that bind copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) in the eastern South Pacific Ocean with liquid chromatography tandem inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICPMS), and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Dissolved Cu, Ni, and ligand concentrations were highest near the coast. Chromatographically unresolved polar compounds dominated ligands isolated near the coast by solid phase extraction. Offshore, metal and ligand concentrations decreased, but several new ligands appeared. One major ligand was detected that bound both Cu2+ and Ni2+. Based on accurate mass and fragmentation measurements, this compound has a molecular formula of [C20H21N4O8S2 + M]+ (M = metal isotope) and contains several azole-like metal binding groups. Additional lipophilic Ni complexes were also present only in oligotrophic waters, with masses of 649, 698, and 712 m/z (corresponding to the 58Ni metal complex). Molecular formulae of [C32H54N3O6S2Ni]+ and [C33H56N3O6S2Ni]+ were determined for two of these compounds. Addition of Cu and Ni to the samples also revealed the presence of additional compounds that can bind both Ni and Cu. Although these specific compounds represent a small fraction of the total dissolved Cu and Ni pool, they highlight the compositional diversity and spatial heterogeneity of marine Ni and Cu ligands, as well as variability in the extent to which different metals in the same environment compete for ligand binding.
From hippocampus to whole‐brain: The role of integrative processing in episodic memory retrieval

Multivariate functional connectivity analyses of neuroimaging data have revealed the importance of complex, distributed interactions between disparate yet interdependent brain regions. Recent work has shown that topological properties of functional brain networks are associated with individual and group differences in cognitive performance, including in episodic memory. After constructing functional whole-brain networks derived from an event-related fMRI study of memory retrieval, we examined differences in functional brain network architecture between forgotten and remembered words. This study yielded three main findings. First, graph theory analyses showed that successfully remembering compared to forgetting was associated with significant changes in the connectivity profile of the left hippocampus and a corresponding increase in efficient communication with the rest of the brain. Second, bivariate functional connectivity analyses indicated stronger interactions between the left hippocampus and a retrieval assembly for remembered versus forgotten items. This assembly included the left precuneus, left caudate, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Integrative properties of the retrieval assembly were greater for remembered than forgotten items. Third, whole-brain modularity analyses revealed that successful memory retrieval was marginally significantly associated with a less segregated modular architecture in the network. The magnitude of the decreases in modularity between remembered and forgotten conditions was related to memory performance. These findings indicate that increases in integrative properties at the nodal, retrieval assembly, and whole-brain topological levels facilitate memory retrieval, while also underscoring the potential of multivariate brain connectivity approaches for providing valuable new insights into the neural bases of memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compact range techniques for RCS and antennas ANTEM 2002, Montreal, Canada

(This paper is an adjunct to the seminar talk to be presented at the ANTEM 2002 Meeting on August 1, 2002 in Montreal, Canada. The talk will have many more visual aids and discuss some other special topics.)
Engaged research and practice: Higher education and the pursuit of the public good

Grounded in Boyer’s (1990) call for higher education to address “consequential problems” of society (p. 21), Engaged Research and Practice: Higher Education and the Pursuit of the Public Good highlights research and practice within the National Forum on Higher Education for the Public Good (the National Forum) to demonstrate how engaged scholarship can have a direct impact on local, state, and national communities. By giving examples of engaged scholarship at these varying levels of community, Engaged Research and Practice provides snapshots of engagement at different scales, thus advancing a concept of engaged research that moves beyond working with a local neighborhood or a non-profit organization. These chapters provide examples of organizational change at the institutional level and state and national initiatives all informed by or part of engaged research for the public good.
Case study of a thermally-assisted manufacturing tool-and-process modeling for design optimization

Abstract Thermally assisted manufacturing processes require specific tool and process design that is tailored to undertake thermo-fluid dynamics and part variation. Therefore, most of the tooling designs for such processes start at the solid model but then rely heavily on best practices and experience. To allow for a level of flexibility against variations, an automatic controller is added to monitor and adjust the process. However, controllers are only effective as long as the tool and the process have been optimally designed. The challenge in a thermally assisted process stems from the appropriateness of the design of the solid part that is utilized to apply the thermal energy to materials being processed. This process involves thermo-fluid dynamics influencing the solid part shape and performance, while adapting to variations in material and process parameters. This variation of processed parts increases significantly when these parts are nonmetal, like fiberglass and polymers. Additional challenges come from the competitive nature of the thermal processing business resulting in scarcity of related literature. The purpose of this case study was to present a methodology for modeling a thermal tool used in a thermally assisted manufacturing process and the thermo-fluid dynamics associated with this tool in operation, for design optimization that will generate the desired product while accommodating normal process and material variation. In this paper, a thermal tool and process are modeled using a hybrid of solid modeling and thermo-fluid dynamics modeling. The resulting model is experimentally calibrated and tested to predict the performance of the tool and process. Results show a very close match between the simulation and experimental data. The model is further implemented to modify the design and results show very close match between the simulation and actual data.
Anisotropy in Thermoelectric Properties of CsBi4Te6

CsBi 4 Te 6 (ZT ∼ 0.8 at 225 K) shows highly anisotropic features in its crystal morphology and structure as expressed by the parallel infinite [Bi 4 Te 6 ] rods which are linked via Bi-Bi bonds. Band calculations also point to a significant anisotropy in the carrier effective masses, and for this reason we examined the anisotropic thermoelectric properties of CsBi 4 Te 6 . The electrical conductivity, thermopower and thermal conductivity were measured along the three different crystallographic directions of the monoclinic structure of CsBi 4 Te 6 . These measurements were performed on samples with different degrees of doping. The strong charge transport anisotropy of these samples was confirmed and also observed that the thermopower values along the c-axis direction (which is perpendicular to the layer of Cs atoms) was negative (-80 μV/K) while those along the needle direction (b-axis) and parallel to the [Bi 4 Te 6 ] layers (a-axis) were p-type (50–100 μV/K at room temperature. Other anisotropic features in the crystal growth habit, electronic band structure, and electrical and thermal conductivities are also presented.
Melt-Cast Noninvasive Ocular Inserts for Posterior Segment Drug Delivery

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the utility of melt-cast, topical, ocular inserts for delivery of drugs with different physicochemical properties. The model drugs tested include indomethacin (IN), ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, and prednisolone sodium phosphate. Melt-cast method was used to fabricate ophthalmic inserts. Polyethylene oxide N10, a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer (polyethylene oxide N10; Mol. wt: 100 kDa) was used as the matrix-forming material. Polymeric insert units (4 × 2 × 0.2 mm) with a 10% w/w drug load were tested for in vitro release, transmembrane permeability, and in vivo ocular tissue distribution. Marketed ophthalmic solutions were used as control solutions. Drug content in all the formulations ranged between 93% and 102% of the theoretical value. Transmembrane flux of IN, prednisolone sodium phosphate, and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was enhanced by ∼3.5-folds, ∼3.6-folds, and ∼2.9-folds, respectively, from the polymeric inserts compared with the control formulations, after 3 h. Moreover, ocular inserts generated significantly higher drug levels in all the ocular tissues, including the retina-choroid, compared with their control formulations. The melt-cast ophthalmic inserts show promise as an effective noninvasive ocular drug delivery platform, which will be highly beneficial in the intervention and treatment of a wide variety of ocular complications.
Simultaneous unilateral anterior thoracoscopy with transcervical thyroidectomy for the resection of large mediastinal thyroid goiter

Background: Almost 25% of thyroid goiters have an intrathoracic component. Although the majority of mediastinal goiters may be approached through a cervical approach, up to a third of substernal goiters require a sternotomy or thoracotomy for resection. As an alternative to conventional sternotomy, we herein describe a combined anterior thoracoscopic and transcervical approach to large mediastinal thyroid goiters. Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, seven patients with symptomatic thyroid goiters with significant intrathoracic extension were approached via simultaneous cervical exploration and anterior thoracoscopy. Thoracoscopy was performed on the side of maximal goiter extension. Results: Simultaneous thoracoscopy and transcervical thyroidectomy was technically successful in all patients. No patients required conversion to open approach and one patient required reoperation for hemorrhage. Conclusions: Simultaneous anterior thoracoscopy and cervical exploration is a safe and effective approach to large mediastinal thyroid goiter. Patients with significant intrathoracic goiter extension may benefit from preoperative thoracic surgical evaluation and planned thoracoscopy at the time of thyroidectomy.
New Deep Learning Methods for Protein Loop Modeling

Computational protein structure prediction is a long-standing challenge in bioinformatics. In the process of predicting protein 3D structures, it is common that parts of an experimental structure are missing or parts of a predicted structure need to be remodeled. The process of predicting local protein structures of particular regions is called loop modeling. In this paper, five new loop modeling methods based on machine learning techniques, called NearLooper, ConLooper, ResLooper, HyLooper1, and HyLooper2 are proposed. NearLooper is based on the nearest neighbor technique. ConLooper applies deep convolutional neural networks to predict ${\mathrm{C}}_{{{\alpha }}}$Cα atoms distance matrix as an orientation-independent representation of protein structure. ResLooper uses residual neural networks instead of deep convolutional neural networks. HyLooper1 combines the results of NearLooper and ConLooper while HyLooper2 combines NearLooper and ResLooper. Three commonly used benchmarks for loop modeling are used to compare the performance between these methods and existing state-of-the-art methods. The experiment results show promising performance in which our best method improves existing state-of-the-art methods by 28 and 54 percent of average RMSD on two datasets while being comparable on the other one.
Planned Short-Term Treatment in Developmental Crises:

Opportunely timed brief therapy to families restores their emotional homeostasis and aids ego growth of the individual members
Modulation of Hypoxia by Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia to Augment Therapeutic Index

A hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors has been known to cause resistance to standard therapies and to increase the malignant potential of tumors. The utilization of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) has shown promise in improving therapeutic outcome by (1) killing of hypoxic tumor cells directly and (2) increasing tumor oxygenation and therefore susceptibility to therapies. In this study, the interaction of a hypoxic microenvironment with mNPH efficacy was investigated in a human breast cancer orthotopic xenograft model. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to assess in vivo oxygen concentration in tumors repeatedly and non-invasively, we found that mNPH increased tumor pO2 from 3.5 to 68.8 mmHg on average for up to 10 days. Tumors treated once with mNPH showed growth delay. On Transmission Electron Microscopy, magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) were localized intracellularly in multiple vesicles in the cytoplasm of cells within tumors 48 h after incubation of mNP. In conclusion, mNPH increased tumor oxygenation in vivo and resulted in decreased growth of hypoxic tumors. Future studies will establish tumor pO2-guided multimodal therapies, such as mNPH and radiation, to improve therapeutic efficacy.
A Principled Framework for Narrowband Mobile Digital Communications

This paper developes a model-based framework for narrowband communications. First, we derive the optimum (MAP) demodulation algorithm for M-QAM signaling in the frequency flat time-varying Rayleigh fading channel. This recursive structure allows for symbol-by-symbol data decisions to be made in an efficient manner. The complexity problem inherent to optimal detection schemes is addressed and approximations to optimal detection are considered which reduce complexity to practical levels yet still provide near-optimal performance levels. Reduced complexity algorithms are obtained through the use of decision feedback, thresholding and a novel state partitioning which allow for higher order modulations such as 16-QAM and 64-QAM to be implemented. The algorithms presented exhibit favorable advantages over pilot symbol assisted modulation techniques in performance, bandwidth efficiency and the necessary decoding delay. This principled approach to narrowband mobile digital communications provides a unified framework which incorporates diversity combining techniques, array signal processing, forward error control decoding and optimum demodulation in a single demodulation architecture. Performance characterizations of the algorithms presented are obtained via Monte Carlo simulation and the results show that near-optimal BEP levels are achieved.
Statistical Analysis, Special Problems of: Transformations of Data

Data are transformed to achieve three objectives: (a) to induce a simple systematic relationship between a response and predictor variables; (b) to stabilize a variance, i.e., to induce a constant variance; and (c) to induce a particular distribution, e.g., normality. The last two objectives are relevant both to transformation of the response in regression and to transformation of a homogeneous sample. There are several parametric families of data transformation in common use: the power or Box–Cox family which includes the log transformation, the power-plus-shift family, and the exponential family. In addition, nonparametric transformations are coming into increased usage because of their added flexibility. Tranformations to induce normality, or only symmetry, are either strictly convex or strictly concave, and their effects can be understood by the amount of convexity or concavity of the transformation. Transformations can be chosen by trial and error, or by more formal estimation methods. Transformations to normality, or symmetry, can be estimated by finding a transformation such that the third-moment skewness coefficient of the transformed data is zero. In regression, a transformation to constant variance can be defined as the transformation that induces a zero correlation between the squared residuals and the fitted values. Box and Cox (1964) introduced maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for selecting a transformation of the response in regression. Transformations of the independent variable in regression are a special case of nonlinear regression and can be found by ordinary nonlinear least squares. In situations where there is a theoretical model relating a response to predictor variables, the transform-both-sides method will preserve this relationship, and can at the same time induce normality and, possibly, a constant variance. Additive, variance stabilizing (AVAS) a is nonparametric transformation method. The transform-both-sides model can be made more flexible by replacing the power transformation by a more general class of monotonic spline-based transformations.