cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing subjective and objective response to medications in Parkinson's disease patients using the Personal KinetiGraph™.

Abstract Background Management of motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease(PD) relies on subjective information provided by patients, the quality of which can be affected by many factors. Rationale Objective data collected during daily life could complement this information and improve management of motor symptoms. Objectives To assess the usefulness of the Personal KinetiGraph (PKG) in characterizing the intensity and timing of motor symptoms in PD patients. Methods Retrospective study of all PD patients followed at a tertiary academic movement disorders center assessed by PKG between December 1, 2016 and October 30, 2018. PKG was worn for 7 days prior to the clinical visit. We compared the information obtained from the interview and the clinical visit, and assessed the impact of the PKG on treatment decision making. Results 170 PKG results were reviewed. PKG complemented patient input in 82.9%(141/170) and led to medication changes in 71%(100/141) of the complemented inputs. PKG contributed the least to correcting or complementing patients’ input when patients self-reported as undertreated (22%) and the most when patient were unable to answer all questions regarding motor response to individual doses (100%) (Fisher, p Conclusions PKG might be useful in supplementing patient-provided information for accurate assessment and treatment plan.
A Review of Models for Locational Analysis

Almost every model for solving a location problem is either a (1) Planar Model, (2) Network Model, or (3) (Mixed) Integer Programming Model.
General Characteristics of Marxist-Leninist Theory of Knowledge

Pre-Soviet Russian philosophy had very little epistemological tradition of its own. “In Russian philosophy — so far as one can judge from its century and a half of development — there are certain specific characteristics which in general relegate theory of knowledge to a secondary place. With the exception of a small group of orthodox Kantians, Russian philosophers have tended in the solution of epistemological problems to ontologism, i.e. the recognition that cognition is not the primary and defining principle in man. ... we may say briefly that Russian ontologism expresses not the priority of ‘reality’ to knowledge, but the inclusion of knowledge in our relationship to the world, our ‘activity’ in it.”1 It was with the 1917 Revolution and the consequent shake-up in Russian society that the problem of knowledge came to Russia. It came as a part of ‘dialectical materialism’, a philosophic aggregate composed of selected passages from the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin.2
Karl Terzaghi and the Chicago Subway

Terzaghi's engagement on the Chicago Subway, 1939-1941, influenced his decision to take up permanent residence in the United States and had a strong impact on the development of applied soil mechanics. So-called squeeze tests, in which the settlements and subsurface movements were correlated with construction procedures, permitted improvements in construction methods and decreases in lost ground. Measurement of loads in bracing of open cuts led to better understanding of behavior of soft clay in undrained shear. Full-scale test sections provided basis for more economical design of permanent tunnel lining. All these activities evolved under Terzaghi's stimulation and in turn helped formulate his conceptions of the ways in which soil mechanics should be applied in practice.
Malignant lymphoma: Manifestation of an osseous lesion in the mandible

Abstract A case of malignant lymphoma of the mandible has been presented. The lesion was excised and the area was irradiated. Recent examination of the area revealed no apparent recurrence. The patient's general health has been stabilized at this time, and he is being examined periodically by the Radiotherapy and Dental Services.
Ciência, respeito à natureza e bem-estar humano

The central question addressed is: How should scientific research be conducted so as to ensure that nature is respected, its regenerative powers not further undermined and wherever possible restored, and the well being of everyone everywhere enhanced? Then, after pointing to the importance of methodological pluralism for an acceptable answer, and the obstacles posed by identifying science with technoscience that are reinforced by what I call 'the commercial-scientific ethos', two additional questions are considered: How might research, conducted in this way, have impact on - and depend on - strengthening democratic values and practices? And, what is thereby implied for the responsibilities of scientists today? Since appropriate social conditions are not in place for exercising the responsibilities that are identified, exercising them also involves scientists participating in efforts to establish them. The paper concludes by suggesting that establishing these conditions would involve a complex dialectic that involves at least eight elements.
Fiscal Dominance, Debt, and Exchange Rates

Fiscally weak governments may prefer to reduce through devaluation the real value of their domestic financial obligations, rather than adjusting the fiscal deficit in order to keep servicing their debt. If the public anticipates this possibility, within a flexible exchange rate system, lose fiscal policies provoke exchange rate depreciations, while efforts to bring the deficit under control have the opposite effect. This interpretation contrasts with conventional views on the impact of fiscal expansions. The paper applies this "fiscal approach" to exchange rates to two alternative models of exchange rate dynamics in a small open economy, and analyzes some policy implications.
The retinomorphic approach: pixel-parallel adaptive amplification, filtering, and quantization

I describe a vision system that uses neurobiological principles to perform all four major operations found in biological retinae: (1) continuous sensing for detection, (2) local automatic gain control for amplification, (3) spatiotemporal bandpass filtering for preprocessing, and (4) adaptive sampling for quantization. All four operations are performed at the pixel level. The system includes a random-access time-division multiplexed communication channel that reads out asynchronous pulse trains from a 64×64 pixel array in the imager chip, and transmits them to corresponding locations on a second chip that has a 64×64 array of integrators. Both chips are fully functional. I compare and contrast the design principles of the retina with the standard practice in imager design and analyze the circuits used to amplify, filter, and quantize the visual signal, with emphasis on the performance trade-offs inherent in the circuit topologies used.
Why the Chinese Prefer Administrative Petitioning over Litigation

In recent years, the Chinese public, when facing disputes with government officials, have preferred a non-legal means of resolution, the Xinfang system, over litigation. Some scholars explain this by claiming that administrative litigation is less effective than Xinfang petitioning. Others argue that the Chinese have historically eschewed litigation and continue to do so habitually. This paper proposes a new explanation: Chinese have traditionally litigated administrative disputes, but only when legal procedure is not too adversarial and allows for the possibility of reconciliation through court-directed settlement. Since this possibility does not formally exist in modern Chinese administrative litigation, people tend to avoid it.
Revised Location of the rIII Gene on the Genetic Map of Bacteriophage T4

Two- and three-factor crosses showed that the T4 rIII gene is located between genes 31 and 30 rather than between genes 31 and 63.
Towards a unified framework for high and low frequency return volatility modeling

This paper provides a selective summary of recent work that has documented the usefulness of high-frequency, intraday return series in exploring issues related to the more commonly studied daily or lower-frequency returns. We show that careful modeling of intraday data helps resolve puzzles and shed light on controversies in the extant volatility literature that are difficult to address with daily data. Among other things, we provide evidence on the interaction between market microstructure features in the data and the prevalence of strong volatility persistence, the source of significant day-of-the-week effect in daily returns, the apparent poor forecast performance of daily volatility models, and the origin of long-memory characteristics in daily return volatility series.
Alternative Splicing Disabled by Nova2

Disabled-1 is a key signaling molecule in the Reelin pathway that plays a critical role in neuronal migration and positioning during brain development. In this issue of Neuron , Yano et al. demonstrate that the neuron-specific RNA binding protein Nova2 contributes to neuronal migration by regulating alternative splicing of disabled-1.
Absorption spectrum of OH radical in water.

The influence of water on the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of OH radical is investigated with electronic structure calculations. One purpose of the work is to benchmark computational methods for their ability to treat this problem. That is done by applying a number of methods to characterization of the excited states of a variety of arrangements having OH interacting with one H2O molecule. In high-level coupled-cluster approaches, it is found that triple excitations are of considerable importance. Two promising methods based on highly efficient time-dependent density functional theory are identified that may provide qualitatively useful results, but no method is found that is both efficient and capable of providing quantitative accuracy. Another purpose of the work is to suggest a plausible interpretation of the experimental absorption spectrum of aqueous OH radical. For this purpose an accurate coupled cluster approach is applied to the various OH·H2O structures considered, along with a dielectric con...
Recurrent hyphema in an aphakic child: Swan syndrome.

Abstract In 1973, Swan 1 described 3 patients who developed hyphema months to years after uncomplicated cataract surgery. He noted focal vascularization from an ingrowth of episcleral vessels at the cataract wound site, resulting in recurrent intraocular bleeding. Swan syndrome has been reported following intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction (including clear corneal incisions), iridocyclectomy, and glaucoma filtering procedures. 2-4 Patients typically present with sudden painless blurred vision, often upon awakening, which may or may not be preceded by physical strain or trauma. Other patients are asymptomatic and diagnosed with hyphema or anterior chamber red blood cells on routine examination. 5 The hyphema often resolve spontaneously, making later diagnosis difficult. Gonioscopic visualization of the abnormal wound vessels is necessary for diagnosis. Without active bleeding, however, the fibrovascular tuft may be easily overlooked. We report a case of Swan syndrome in a 16-month-old boy after cataract extraction was performed. To our knowledge, Swan syndrome has not been reported in the pediatric population. Children represent a significant proportion of patients undergoing anterior segment surgery and Swan syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyphema in this population. (J AAPOS 2001;5:55-7.)
Bimetallic Catalysis for Styrene Homopolymerization and Ethylene−Styrene Copolymerization. Exceptional Comonomer Selectivity and Insertion Regiochemistry

This communication reports the styrene homopolymerization behavior and ethylene−styrene copolymerization behavior of the covalently linked bimetallic constrained geometry catalyst (μ-CH2CH2-3,3‘){(η5-indenyl)[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](TiMe2)}2 (Ti2), which is the first single-site catalyst that effects not only styrene homopolymerization with high activity, but also efficient ethylene−styrene copolymerization over a broad styrene composition range (0−76% at 20 °C, 1.0 atm ethylene pressure). In styrene homopolymerization, a 50× increase in polymerization activity is achieved with Ti2 vs the mononuclear analogue, Ti1, using an identical trityl borate cocatalyst and polymerization conditions. In ethylene + styrene copolymerization, Ti2 enchains ∼20% more styrene than Ti1 under identical reaction conditions. 13C NMR spectroscopy indicates that greater than two consecutive styrene units are enchained in the copolymer backbone produced by Ti2 + Ph3C+B(C6F5)4-. End group analysis of the styrene homopolymer produced by Ti2...
Variables controlling somatomedin production by cultured human fibroblasts.

Somatomedin is secreted by multiple types of cultured cells including human fibroblasts. Since the control of somatomedin (Sm) production by fibroblasts may be an important regulatory step in cell division, we undertook studies to define the variables in tissue culture experimental design that may have significant effects on the secretion of Sm. Cell density was an important parameter in determining basal Sm production rates. Cultures plated at 2.5 X 10(4) cells/well produced 0.38 +/- 0.06 U/ml/10(5) cells whereas an increase in culture density to 6.2 X 10(4) cells/well was associated with a decrease in Sm production per cell to 0.23 +/- 0.04 U/ml/10(5) cells (P less than .01). Cultures stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) showed a similar reduction in Sm production with increasing cell density. Epidermal growth factor was stimulatory (5.4-fold increase) in low-density cultures but had no effect when high-density cultures were used. If the experiments were initiated between 2 and 4 days after the last media change there were no significant differences in basal or PDGF-stimulated Sm concentrations. Between days 5 and 9 however, there was a progressive increase in the basal Sm production rate. The duration of incubation was an important variable since Sm production increased during the first 12 h in noncycling cells and showed an accelerated increase between 4 and 8 h in cycling cells. Cells between the eighth and 12th passage had similar basal Sm production (0.22 +/- 0.04 U/ml/10(5) cells) rates; cells between the 19th and 20th passages had significantly higher basal Sm production rates (0.41 +/- 0.05 U/ml/10(5) cells) (P less than .01). These results suggest that several variables, particularly cell density and passage number, are critical variables when quantitating the effect of hormones and growth factors on Sm production by cultured fibroblasts.
Miocene pelagic biogenic sediment production and diagenesis, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract The Middle Miocene Kingshill Marl of St. Croix, Virgin Islands, affords an opportunity to reconstruct ancient island-margin calcareous plankton communities and to determine their contribution to the accumulation of island-slope sediments. Because of the present outcrop pattern of this unit, both lateral and vertical changes in organism/sediment relationships may be investigated. Subsidence of a NE-SW trending grabenal structure on St. Croix during the latest Early Miocene produced the Kingshill Seaway, which was flanked on the northwest and southeast by island masses of Cretaceous volcanogenic sediments, and on the northeast and southwest by the insular shelf edges. Hydrographic conditions in the shallow Seaway promoted high rates of pelagic biogenic skeletal production, resulting in the accumulation of thick pelagic calcareous oozes composed of a framework of calcitic planktonic foraminiferal tests in a matrix of calcareous nannoplankton, planktonic foraminiferal debris and fine aragonite needles. Minor siliceous components included diatom frustules and sponge spicules. Turbidity currents and debris flows transported terrigenous detritus and reef-tract skeletal rubble into the Seaway from the shallow basin margins. Comparison of the pelagic chalks and marls of the Kingshill Marl with modern sediments accumulating on the northwest St. Croix island slope establishes valuable guidelines to infer the total biogenic composition of the original ooze accumulating on the Kingshill Seaway floor. Comparison of the diagenetic processes affecting island-slope calcareous oozes with those affecting their deep-sea counterparts underscores the necessity of considering the range and intensity of differential solution as a factor in the ooze → chalk diagenetic continuum. The major diagenetic event in the Kingshill Marl ooze → chalk process was the solution of aragonitic skeletal sediment, probably during flushing by fresh water.
Thermoelectric Performance of ZnO:Al/ZnO:(Al,In) Quantum Well Multilayer Structures as a Function of Indium Composition and Band-Gap Offset at High Operating Temperatures

This study investigates the thermoelectric (TE) power factor for radiofrequency (RF)-sputtered n-type ZnO:Al/ZnO:(Al,In) multilayer quantum wells (QW) and the dependence on band-gap offset at high operating temperatures. The structures are 50 periods of 10-nm-thick barrier and well layers. The TE power factors for all films are promising (>20 × 10−4 W/m2 K); however, a decline in electronic transport is evident for each of the doped wells over a specific range of operating temperatures. This supports the need for optimum doping levels for a specific operating temperature range; e.g., 2 at.%, 5 at.%, and 8 at.% indium are optimum at 300 K to 600 K, 600 K to 725 K, and >725 K, respectively. A model has also been developed to calculate the QW electronic transport as a function of temperature and band-gap offset, which is subsequently related to doping concentration. This model confirms a loss in electrical conductivity due to charge carriers gaining enough kinetic energy to overcome the QW barrier, which results in multilayer hopping across well–barrier interfaces. In addition, film microstructure and interface roughness have been determined by x-ray and spectroscopy techniques.
Ethnicity and weight status affect the accuracy of proxy indices of insulin sensitivity.

This study tested the hypotheses that correlations between direct measures of insulin sensitivity and proxy indices of insulin sensitivity derived from fasting values, (i) would not be affected by ethnicity, and (ii) would be stronger in overweight vs. weight-reduced states. We further hypothesized that associations between proxy indices and fat distribution would be similar to those between directly measured insulin sensitivity and fat distribution. Testing was performed in weight-stable conditions in 59 African-American (AA) and 62 white-American (WA) overweight, premenopausal women before and after a weight loss intervention. Subjects were retested 1 year following weight loss. Proxy indices were correlated against the insulin sensitivity index SI determined via minimal modeling. Fat distribution was assessed using computed tomography. Correlations between Si and proxy indices were consistently stronger among overweight women (r = 0.44–0.52) vs. weight-reduced women (r = 0.18–0.32), and among AA (r = 0.49–0.56, baseline; 0.24–0.36, weight-reduced) vs. WA (r = 0.38–0.46, baseline; 0.19–0.31, weight-reduced). Among subjects who regained >3 kg after 1 year, correlations between SI and proxy indices were similar to those observed at baseline, whereas correlations were weak among women who maintained their reduced body weight. SI and all proxy indices were similarly correlated with intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) at baseline, but not after weight loss. In conclusion, correlations between SI and proxy indices were affected by both ethnicity and weight status. If proxy indices are used in multiethnic populations, or in populations including both lean and overweight/obese subjects, data should be interpreted with caution.
Distribution in fixed and variable number problems

Analogies are drawn between analyses of distribution where the number of individuals is fixed and the number of individuals varies (i.e., population theory); the theory of optimal population is fundamentally a problem of distribution. I examine the use of Harsanyi's veil of ignorance to evaluate different population patterns and whether ex ante preferences across uncertain outcomes are a useful source of moral information about outcomes. If we accept the premise that individuals should maximize expected welfare, Parfit's Repugnant Conclusion follows from very weak assumptions.
The human apolipoprotein A-II gene is located on chromosome 1.

Abstract Apolipoprotein (apo) A-II is a major constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The gene for apoA-II has been localized to the p21 → qter region of chromosome 1 in man by Southern blot hybridization analysis of DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids using a cloned human apoA-II cDNA probe. The regional assignment was established using two hybrids carrying a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 2. Comparison with previously established gene loci on chromosome 1 suggests that apoA-II may reside in a conserved linkage group with renin and peptidase C. On the other hand, apoA-II is not linked to the apoA-I gene, which has been localized previously to chromosome 11.
Mid- and long-term results of the treatment of infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease with precuffed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts compared with vein grafts.

Background Prosthetic grafts for lower-extremity bypass have limited patency compared with autologous vein grafts. Precuffed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts alter the geometry of the distal hood to improve patency. This study reports the authors’ long-term results on the use of precuffed ePTFE grafts for infrainguinal bypasses in patients with arterial occlusive disease and compares these with results of reversed great saphenous vein grafts (rSVG). Methods A retrospective review of billing codes identified 101 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 47 rSVG bypasses performed over a 6-year period. Femoral to below-knee popliteal and femoral to tibial bypasses were analyzed. Data collected consisted of risk factors, Rutherford classification, bypass inflow and outflow, runoff vessels, patency, amputation, and death. Primary end points consisted of primary, assisted-primary, and secondary patency along with limb salvage. Results Mean age of the patients was 76 years in the PTFE group and 69.8 years in the rSVG group. For femoral to below-knee popliteal bypasses, primary patency at 1, 3, and 5 years in the PTFE group was 76.9%, 48.7%, and 43.3%, respectively, compared with 77.1%, 77.1%, and 77.1%, respectively, in the rSVG group (P = 0.225). Secondary patency was 89.2%, 70.9%, and 50.6% in the PTFE group compared with 84.4%, 84.4%, and 84.4% in the rSVG group (P = 0.269). Limb salvage was similar in the PTFE compared with the rSVG group (97.7%, 90.5%, and 79.4% vs. 83.3%, 83.3%, and 83.3%; P = 0.653). For femoral to tibial bypasses, primary patency in the PTFE group at 1, 3, and 5 years was 57.1%, 40.4%, and 22.1%, respectively, compared with 67.4%, 67.4%, and 50.6%, respectively, for the rSVG group (P = 0.246). Secondary patency was 75.5%, 44.9%, and 22.7% in the PTFE group compared with 91.8%, 91.8%, and 52.5% in the rSVG group (P = 0.022). Limb salvage at 1, 3, and 5 years was 79.2%, 55.7%, and 55.7%, respectively, in the PTFE group compared with 96.4%, 96.4%, and 64.3%, respectively, in the rSVG group (P = 0.046). Conclusions Precuffed ePTFE grafts demonstrate similar 1-year patency to that of rSVG. However, mid- and long-term patency is reduced compared with saphenous vein grafts (SVG), especially to tibial targets. PTFE grafts to the popliteal demonstrate limb salvage rates similar to those of SVG. In the tibial vessels, limb salvage rates for PTFE grafts are significantly worse compared with SVG.
Asymmetric rift interpretation of the western North American margin

Geologic evidence shows that the Neoproterozoic rift margin of western North America formed as a set of asymmetric detachments, leading to alternating upper- and lower-plate domains distinguishable by the width and gradient of the continental margin, thickness of overlying strata, uplift-subsidence history, relative structural complexity, and presence or absence of exposed lower-crustal rocks. The gradient of the cratonal margin is a key feature related to the transition between continental and oceanic crust; upper-plate margins are marked by steep gradients, whereas lower-plate margins have gentle gradients. In the Canadian Cordillera, the gradient across this transition changes coherently along the margin, from shallow, to steep, to shallow, in turn from north to south. The sinuosity of the Cretaceous-Tertiary thrust-belt front, the distribution of basement exposures, and patterns of miogeoclinal deposition may therefore be inherited from the original asymmetric Neoproterozoic rift geometry.
Spinal injury patterns among skiers and snowboarders.

Object Skiing and snowboarding injuries have increased with the popularity of these sports. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are a rare but serious event, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for skiers and snowboarders. The purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns of SCI in skiers and snowboarders. Methods The authors queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2000–2008 for all patients admitted with skiing or snowboarding as the mechanism of injury, yielding a total of 8634 patients. The injury patterns were characterized by the ICD-9 diagnostic and procedure codes. The codes were searched for those pertaining to vertebral and skull fracture; spinal cord, chest, abdominal, pelvic, and vessel injuries; and fractures and dislocations of the upper and lower extremity. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Student t-test. Results Patients were predominantly male (71%) skiers (61%), with the average age of the skiers being older than that of snowboarders (39.5 vs 23.5 y...
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Individuals With Problematic Emotional Eating: A Case-Series Study

Emotional eating is characterized by eating in response to intense inner emotions, not hunger. This case-series study presents the outcomes from two adults with problematic emotional eating who voluntarily participated in 10 weekly sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Emotional eating was self-monitored daily prior to and throughout the course of treatment. The average number of emotional eating episodes reported weekly across participants at pre-treatment was nine, which decreased to one per week at post-treatment, and was two per week at follow-up. Both participants also showed improvements in body image flexibility, a theoretically consistent process of change, and these improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. The results are discussed as well as implications for clinical practice and future research.
Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on various functions of the rat erythrocyte membrane

Various membrane transport functions have been studied in erythrocytes from essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient rats in order to determine whether or not functional abnormalities induced by documented EFA-deficiency of the membrane could be demonstrated. No differences were found between EPA deficient and control cells with respect to mean values for osmotic resistance or intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. However, uptake of leucine by EFA deficient erythrocytes was significantly greater than that of control erythrocytes. Kinetic studies suggest that EFA deficiency enhances the passive diffusion component of this transport.
A novel low-loss y-type splitter with adjustable branching ratio

Low loss splitters based on two mode waveguides are evaluated using near-field scanning optical microscopy and computer simulations. The branching ratio is a temperature sensitive function of the relative mode phases at the splitter.
The manager's role in technology transfer

The objectives of this article are to assist managers to understand the complexities inherent in the transfer of technology, and contribute to the enhancement of managerial capabilities for handling matters related to the management of innovation and change. No specific procedural descriptions of plans or processes are provided. Rather, concepts are presented and described which should increase a manager's understanding of the intricacies involved in innovation and the possible approaches which might be taken.
GENERATING STREAMFLOW SEQUENCES WITH TREND AND CYCLICAL MOVEMENTS

: A first-order autoregressive model had been modified with the trend and cyclical movements to generate the streamflow sequences. Three main portions were involved in this modified model, i.e., six-year cycle with trend changing; six-year cycle without trend changing; and both annual and six-year cycles with trend changing. The synthetic sequences of monthly streamflow sequences were compared with the historical records obtained from the Kissimmee River basin by using the Chi-Square test for goodness-of-fit. The results indicated that the newly proposed model has a better solution than the original model because the trend and cyclical movements involved in generating sequences are much closer to the historical records.
Cross-cultural pragmatic differences in US and Chinese press conferences: the case of the North Korea nuclear crisis

This study investigated request and refusal strategies in the question-response sequences of interactions in routine press conferences held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China and the US De...
Design and manufacturing process co-optimization in nano-technology

Newest manufacturing technologies with feature sizes smaller than 20nm and FinFET devices have favored more restrictive design rules for manufacturability while suffering from electrical limitations of electromigration (EM) and variability. Designers can no longer reap the benefits in power, performance and area by simply relying on feature size miniature with contemporary design techniques. This work illustrates the importance of design and manufacturing technology co-optimization. Limitations in lithography has led to slower reduction in metal and VIA shape spacing than critical dimensions, which prompts for co-optimization in metallization stack, power mesh planning, standard cell designs and placement algorithms. New routing algorithms and parasitics modeling are required to achieve improved design performance under sky-rocketing metal resistance especially at lower metal levels. Ever-lowering maximum current limits due to EM has prompted new approaches in placement optimization to counteract the potential explosion in EM violations. Adoption of FinFET has allowed ultra-low Vdd designs, which requires careful consideration of Vth offerings that allow proper trade-off between variability, area and power efficiency.
The efficacy of concentration forcing

Abstract Concentration forcing research is largely inspired by expectations of improving reactor productivity beyond that attainable under any (including optimal) steady state. Are these expectations reasonable and are they well-grounded? In a recent paper, Nowobilski and Takoudis (1986, Chem. Engng Commun. 40 , 249–264) suggest otherwise. In their opinion the optimal steady-state productivity cannot be exceeded by periodic forcing of catalytic reactors. However, a survey of the literature reveals that, in several studies (including our own), production rates higher than those of the optimal steady state have been obtained through forced feed cycling of catalytic reactors. In this paper, using such cases as evidence, we contend that improving reactor productivity over the optimal steady state through concentration forcing is not an elusive goal. From reports in the literature, it appears that it has already been realized by several researchers, including ourselves.
Laminar-flow bolus shapes in flow injection analysis

Abstract Bolus shapes for injected samples have been calculated for times of interest in experiments on flow injection analysis. The effect of both system and molecular parameters on the shapes and the dispersion of samples is considered. The implications for merging-zone experiments are discussed briefly.
MULTIPLICATION OF CANINE HEPATITIS VIRUS IN THE PRESENCE OF 5-FLUORODEOXYURIDINE.

Summary5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) was only partially effective in suppressing synthesis of canine hepatitis virus in prolonged cultures of dog kidney cells. Suppression was more effective when cultures were inoculated with large amounts of virus than with small amounts of virus. Examinations of coverslip cultures by acridine orange, fluorescent antibody, and by microspectrophoto-metry of material stained by the Feulgen method revealed DNA and virus in a few cells in each FUDR-inhibited culture. Usually there was no increase in the mean level of DNA per inhibited culture. It was concluded that the multiplication of CH virus in the presence of FUDR occurred in a few resistant cells in each culture and after successive cycles of infection the titers became as high as in virus controls.
Identification of near-fault velocity pulses and prediction of resulting response spectra

Pulse-like near-fault ground motions resulting from directivity effects are a special class of ground motions that are challenging to characterize for seismic performance assessment. These motions contain a pulse in the velocity time history of the motion, often occurring in the direction perpendicular to the fault rupture at locations near the fault where the earthquake rupture has propagated towards the site. A recently proposed wavelet-based signal processing approach is used on a large ground motion library to empirically identify these pulses in ground motions. Example results are presented to demonstrate that the identified motions are often observed at sites where directivity effects are expected (although no claim is made that all observed pulses are due to directivity). The response spectra of these records are then studied using this approach, and it is seen that their spectra can be described using an existing ground motion prediction (attenuation) model coupled with a narrow-band amplification function in the region of the pulse period. The modified prediction can be incorporated in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, providing a direct and transparent method of accounting for directivity effects.
Coordination of an unmanned vehicle with active suspension over extreme terrain

Active suspension is now a well-tried technology in road vehicles. It has been installed on a HMMV and demonstrated to significantly improve performance in rough road conditions. This capability presents an opportunity for improved mobility in off-road conditions. The challenge is to devise a means of translating the desired trajectory of the vehicle into commands to the suspension actuators and the traction motors in an optimal, or near optimal manner. In this paper we describe part of a software architecture that was developed to enable such performance from a six-wheeled vehicle with active suspension and independent wheel drives. The vehicle was a concept developed under the DARPA Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle Program.
Measurements of circulation in superfluid 3He-B using a vibrating wire

Abstract We have measured fluid circulation in superfluid 3 He-B. The apparatus consists of a straight vibrating wire which is mounted in a 3 He cell on a rotating millikelvin cryostat operating at temperatures in the ballistic quasiparticle regime. Circulation around the wire is found to be stable only when it takes on values -h/2m 3 , 0 , +h/2m 3 where h is Planck's constant and m 3 is the mass of the 3 He atom.
Epipelagic planktonic bioluminescence in the marginal ice zone of the Greenland Sea

Epipelagic planktonic bioluminescence in the marginal ice zone of the Fram Strait was investigated during April and May 1989. Vertical profiles of bioluminescence potential were measured using a HIDEX (High Input Defined EXcitation) design bathyphotometer. Mesozooplankton samples were collected with oblique tows using a 153 μm mesh net. The amount of bioluminescence produced by mechanical stimulation of individual organisms was measured using an integrating sphere and photon-counting system. These measures of bioluminescence potential along with estimated abundances of bioluminescent organisms allow an independent estimated of integrated epipelagic bioluminescence potential. The zooplankton community structure was relatively simple in this region and the number of bioluminescent species correspondingly small. The majority of epipelagic bioluminescence was produced by copepods (Metridia spp.), larvaceans (Oikopleura spp.), euphausiids (Thysanoeassa spp.) and ostracods (Conchoecia spp.), although the relative contribution of these organisms to the overall bioluminescence potential varied considerably with time and location over the 2 mo period. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates were rare and did not contribute significantly to epipelagic bioluminescence. Integrated bioluminescence potential in the water column was significantly correlated with zooplankton biomass, but not with any other measured environmental parameter. No enhancement of chlorophyll, zooplankton biomass or bioluminescence was observed in the marginal ice zone compared to the adjacent open waters of the Fram Strait during this spring cruise.
Uncertainty Requirements in Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

Abstract The continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) makes it essential that climate sensitivity, the equilibrium change in global mean surface temperature that would result from a given radiative forcing, be quantified with known uncertainty. Present estimates are quite uncertain, 3 ± 1.5 K for doubling of CO2. Model studies examining climate response to forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols exhibit large differences in sensitivities and imposed aerosol forcings that raise questions regarding claims of their having reproduced observed large-scale changes in surface temperature over the 20th century. Present uncertainty in forcing, caused largely by uncertainty in forcing by aerosols, precludes meaningful model evaluation by comparison with observed global temperature change or empirical determination of climate sensitivity. Uncertainty in aerosol forcing must be reduced at least three-fold for uncertaintyin climate sensitivity to be meaningfully reduced and bounded.
Secondary epiliptogenesis in rats

Abstract 1. 1. Cobalt (powder and metallic slivers) was implanted in the posterior portion of one hemisphere of eight rats. These were acutely studied at various time intervals ranging from 6 to 32 days following the implantation procedure. 2. 2. Primary epileptiform spike activity, either spontaneous or induced by photic stimulation of hyperventilation, was observed in all of the rats except the 11-day and 32-day animals. Background activity and primary spike activity were more depressed at later time intervals. 3. 3. Good independent focal spike activity was present contralateral and homotopic to the primary focus in all rats examined after 8 days and, in most cases, the mirror focus was more active than the primary. 4. 4. Large lesions were observed in all rats but the size of the lesion did not correspond with the amount of primary electrical activity present. Inflammatory infiltrates were more diffuse in the powder-implanted rats and the craters produced by metallic slivers appeared to be more effectively walled off by fibroglial scar formation. 5. 5. “Dense” cells arranged in discrete nests were seen in the contralateral cortex of the experimental rats and these nests corresponded topographically to the borders of the primary lesion. 6. 6. The secondary epileptogenesis observed in rats appears similar to the “mirror focus” phenomenon described in other animals.
Selectivity of tetrahydrofuran formation from inactivated aliphatic alcohols by the bromine-silver-salt reaction

Abstract Studies of the bromine-silver carbonate reaction with aliphatic alcohols in which intramoleular δ-H competition is possible are generally quite specific. Loss of tertiary δ- hydrogen occurs preferentially from both tertiary and secondary alfphatic alcohols to yield the most highly substituted cyclic ether. For example, 2,5-dimethyl-2-octanol yields only 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-propyletrahydrofuran as the cyclic ether product; 2-methyl-2-isopentyltetrahydrofuran is not detected.
ANATOMY OF ACCESSORY PUDENDAL ARTERIES IN LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

ABSTRACTPurpose: The incidence of accessory pudendal arteries (APAs) varies from 4% to 70% depending on the means used to identify them. We provide a detailed laparoscopic anatomical description of their appearance, location and identification rate based on our series of radical prostatectomies.Materials and Methods: The distribution of APAs was prospectively recorded in 285 consecutive patients between October 2002 and November 2004. We defined an APA as any artery located within the periprostatic region running parallel to the dorsal vascular complex and extending caudal toward the anterior perineum, other than cavernous arteries, corona mortis and satellite arteries to the superficial and deep vascular complex.Results: We identified 92 APAs in 72 of 285 patients (25%). Two distinct varieties of APAs were identified. In 10% of patients an APA coursed along the lateral aspect of the prostate, termed lateral APA, and in 13% an APA emerged through the levator ani fibers near the apical region of the prosta...
Low-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction and high-pressure Raman studies on [(CH3)2NH2]2[SbCl5]

The structure of bis(dimethylammonium) pentachloroantimonate(III), [(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}NH{sub 2}]{sub 2}[SbCl{sub 5}], BDP, was studied at 15 K and ambient pressure by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as at ambient temperature and high pressures up to 4.87(5) GPa by Raman spectroscopy. BDP crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group with a=8.4069(4), b=11.7973(7), c=14.8496(7) A, and Z=4; R{sub 1}=0.0381, wR{sub 2}=0.0764. The structure consists of distorted [SbCl{sub 6}]{sup 3-} octahedra forming zig-zag [{l_brace}SbCl{sub 5}{r_brace}{sub n}]{sup 2n-} chains that are cross-linked by dimethylammonium [(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}NH{sub 2}]{sup +} cations. The organic and inorganic substructures are bound together by the N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The distortions of [SbCl{sub 6}]{sup 3-} units increase, partly due to the influence of the hydrogen bonds which became stronger, with decreasing temperature. The preliminary room temperature, high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments suggest that BDP undergoes a first-order phase transition below ca. 0.44(5) GPa that destroys single-crystal samples. The transition is accompanied by changes in the intensities and positions of the Raman lines below 400 cm{sup -1}. - Graphical abstract: On cooling to 15 K [(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}NH{sub 2}]{sub 2}[SbCl{sub 5}] shows significant changes in the geometries of the longest Sb-Cl bonds that are correlated with the changes in the geometry ofmore » the N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds. Applying of quite modest pressures far exceed observed temperature-induced changes-[(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}NH{sub 2}]{sub 2}[SbCl{sub 5}] undergoes a first-order phase transition below ca. 0.44(5) GPa that destroys single-crystal samples.« less
Dietary, Lifestyle and Pharmacogenetic Factors Associated with Arteriole Endothelial Dependent Vasodilatation In Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics (AAPs)

Purpose Within schizophrenia cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent secondary to atypical antipsychotic (AAP) use. Thorough assessments of diet, lifestyle, and endothelial functioning have not been done in this population. Omega 3 Fatty Acids (N-3 FAs) have garnered attention in relation to psychopathology as well as cardioprotection. This study examined the status of endothelial function within the schizophrenia population and determined pharmacogenetic, medication, dietary, and lifestyle factors associated with this functioning.
Critical Geographies in/of Education: Introduction

The great obsession of the nineteenth century was, as we know, history: with its themes of development and of suspension, of crisis, and cycle, themes of the ever-accumulating past, with its prepon...
A study of niobia deposition on α-Al2O3(0001) and oxidized Al

Abstract The deposition of niobia on oxidized Al films and on an α-Al 2 O 3 (0001) crystal was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and high-resolution TEM. Vapor deposition of niobia resulted in amorphous, two-dimensional films which were stable upon heating up to at least 900 K in vacuum. The presence of niobia had no measurable effect on the acidity of the samples. Temperature-programmed desorption of 2-propanol and isopropylamine occurred from sharp desorption features at 185 and 140 K, respectively on all surfaces examined, indicating that no acid were present on any of the samples. An alternate approach to deposition of niobia using Nb(C 2 H 5 O) 5 resulted in significant carbon contamination. The implications of these results to the formation of model, supported-oxide catalysts is discussed.
A maternal tail of poly(A): the long and the short of it.

Rosemary F. Bachvarova Department of Cell Biology Cornell University Medical College New York, New York 10021 Just as most cells transcribe only some of their many genes, so growing oocytes, maturing oocytes, and early embryos translate only some of the many messages pres- ent in the cytoplasm. A large fraction of the mRNA synthe- sized in growing oocytes is not used for immediate transla- tion, but is dormant or masked, and stored for future translation. Most stored messages are activated at various times during oocyte maturation and early embryonic de- velopment, when little or no mRNA is produced. In general, stored messages carry short poly(A) tails (15-90 A’s), and activation is accompanied by cytoplasmic polyadenylation increasing the tail to 150 A’s or more. Likewise, cessation of translation is accompanied by deadenylation of the mes- sage. The poly(A) tail is known to promote initiation of translation (reviewed in Jackson and Standart, 1990) and in yeast, thiseffect is mediated through the poly(A)-binding protein, whose gene is required for viability. Two classes of maternal message whose translation is regulated during meiotic maturation have been studied in frog and mouse oocytes (reviewed in Wickens, 1990; Richter, 1991). First is a set of stored messages whose translation commences during meiotic maturation (see tPA mRNA in Figure 1). The several members studied are all polyadenylated in a process that requires specific sequences in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR): the poly-
Adsorption-solution structure relationships of PET/POET polymeric surfactants in aqueous solutions

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate/polyoxyethylene terephthalate (PET/POET) water-soluble polymers are effective surface modifiers of polyester-containing textiles and exhibit surface activity in aqueous solutions. Adsorption of a PET/POET polymer on fabric was studied using ultraviolet-visible (u.v.-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Aqueous PET/POET solutions exhibit two distinct fluorescent emission bands, 334 nm and 386 nm, and the latter band is assigned to an intramolecular excimer of terephthalate groups. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities of these two bands ( I 386 / I 334 ) decreases upon adsorption of the polymer onto fabrics, indicating that one of the solution structures is preferentially adsorbed. Addition of anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) inhibits the formation of excimers whereas nonionic surfactant does not. Effects of nonionic, anionic surfactants, as well as salt effects (Na + , Ca 2+ ) on the formation of excimers and on the adsorption behaviour were investigated using both u.v. absorption and fluorescent emission bands, cloud point, and surface techniques. Polymer-surfactant interactions were observed predominantly at surfactant concentrations below the critical micelle concentration ( cmc ). The apparent cmc of SDS increased with increasing polymer concentration, and SDS interactions with the polymer can be explained by models previously used to describe interaction between polyethylene oxide and SDS.