cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structuring cooperative behavior under the National Environmental Policy Act of the United States

A trend is presently under way to streamline the compliance requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of the United States through cooperative assessment procedures. Since the law was enacted in 1970, however, participants in the assessment process have tended to settle disagreements by adversarial rather than cooperative means. This study focuses on a highly acclaimed environmental assessment procedure undertaken by the U.S. Steel Corporation for its proposed $4.0 billion Lakefront Steel Plant. Survey research data were gathered to measure the underlying management philosophy perceived by interorganizational representatives, who attended a series of Technical Team meetings designed to coordinate the assessment effort and to open communication channels. A social psychological scale of behavioral dimensions was adapted from Likert to define the composition and the extent of cooperation at these meetings. A newly constructed scale was used to measure the quantity and quality of representation by each of the major organizations involved. Informal interviews were conducted with project participants to obtain further insight into member interaction. Results indicate that democratic problem solving was in evidence but also suggest a preference by respondents for improved procedures. The paper outlines areas of concern voiced by respondents and offers the means for improving the operating procedures of similar interorganizational environmental assessments.
Minimal sternotomy approach for congenital heart operations

Abstract Background . In recent years, minimal access cardiac operations have increased in application in both the adult and pediatric population. As our experience has grown with these approaches to atrial septal defect closure, we have expanded the same approach to the repair of more complex congenital heart disease. Methods . At the Children's Hospital in Boston, from August 1996 to November 1999, a minimal sternotomy approach was used to surgically correct 104 children with congenital heart defects other than atrial septal defect. The approach, in most patients, consisted of a skin incision based over the xiphisternum, 3.5 to 5 cm in length, with division of the xiphoid only and elevation of the sternum by fixed retractor. All patients underwent cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass through the great vessels in the chest using this same incision. The lesions corrected included ventricular septal defect in 41 patients, tetralogy of Fallot in 27, common atrioventricular canal in 15, mitral valve operation in 3.5, and other defects in 18 patients. There were 53 male and 51 female patients. Mean age at operation was 1.4 years (range, 2 weeks to 11 years). Results . There were no deaths. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 71 minutes (standard deviation, 19 minutes), mean cross-clamp times 40.8 minutes (standard deviation, 13 minutes), and length of stay 4.5 days (standard deviation, 1.9 days). Complications included transient atrioventricular block in 2 patients, pleural effusion requiring drainage in 4, and pericardial effusion in 3 patients. When compared to similar lesions repaired using a full sternotomy approach there was no difference in operating times and length of stay tended to be shorter in the minimal sternotomy group. Conclusions . A minimal sternotomy approach can be used to repair congenital cardiac lesions other than atrial septal defects. It gives good exposure, particularly for transatrial repairs, does not prolong ischemic times, and may lead to shorter hospital stay.
Real life trumps laboratory in matters of public health

The recent article by Chang et al. (1) adds to the growing literature that exposure to even seemingly dim light at night can have a negative impact on sleep. There have been several articles published in recent years indicating that the seemingly innocuous light emitted from consumer electronics devices has the capacity to increase alertness at night, thereby making it more difficult to initiate sleep (2). One of the problems that we have in judging the light emitted from these devices is that our conscious perception of light is mediated by a circuitry that both overlaps and yet is distinct from the circuitry underlying the mediation of light-induced alertness. This latter system, which also regulates the impact of light on other non–image-forming functions, such as circadian timing, is more sensitive to the shorter wavelength light that is abundant in most consumer electronic goods. Notably, the article by Chang et al. highlights the capacity of the non–image-forming system to respond to light. This article does not, however, answer the important public health question as to whether use of these devices at night is bad for your sleep.
Triacylglycerol lipase activities in tissues of Antarctic fishes

The activity of the lipolytic enzyme, triacylglycerol lipase (TAG lipase; E.C. 3.1.1.3) was measured in heart ventricle, liver, oxidative skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of four species of Antarctic fishes (Chaenocephalus aceratus, Notothenia coriiceps, Trematomus newnesi, Gobionotothen gibberifrons). Estimates of weight-specific activities at 0°C in tissues of the Antarctic fishes were broadly comparable to those reported for temperate-zone fish species assayed at their physiological temperature. Within each species, liver tissue displayed the highest weight-specific activity of TAG lipase in C. aceratus, T. newnesi, and G. gibberifrons, while adipose tissue of N. coriiceps showed the highest activity within that species. Combining these estimates with carefully measured somatic indices of the tissues, permitted assessment of the relative importance of different tissues to overall lipolytic capacity on an organismal level. On this basis, liver tissue displays the greatest capacity of TAG lipase per 100 g body weight in each of the species studied.
Smoking behavior, knowledge, and beliefs among Korean Americans.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine smoking behavior, knowledge, and beliefs among Korean Americans. description of Study: One hundred four Korean American men and 159 women, 40 to 69 years old, living in Chicago, Illinois, served as study respondents. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Control Supplement Questionnaire was used to collect data. The NHIS was translated into Korean with minor modifications to develop a culturally appropriate instrument. Results: This study suggests that smoking is almost exclusively a male behavior (38.5%) and that Korean American men smoke mostly cigarettes. Almost 90% of women have never smoked, whereas 23% of men reported never smoking. Respondents with a non-Christian background or no religious affiliation were 16.5 times more likely to be current smokers. Respondents who had lived in the United States less than 10 years were 12.5 times more likely to be current smokers. More than 90% of men, regardless of smoking status, were able to identify an association between smoking and major chronic diseases. clinical Implications: The prevalence of smoking among these Korean American men places them at considerable risk for smoking-related disease. Healthcare providers must be better informed about smoking behavior in this group, and specific attention to recently migrated men and those reporting religions other than Christianity is recommended. Health-protecting strategies for women and children who fall victim to secondhand smoke, or who may be targeted by tobacco advertising, are also an important step in disease prevention for this population.
Comment on ''Some implications of the quantum nature of laser fields for quantum computations''

A recent discussion of quantum limitations to the fidelity with which superpositions of internal atomic energy levels can be generated by an applied, quantized, laser pulse, is shown to be based on unrealistic physical assumptions. This discussion assumed the validity of Jaynes-Cummings dynamics for an atom interacting with a laser field in free space, that is, when the atom is not surrounded by a resonant cavity. If the laser field is a multimode quantum coherent state, and the Rabi frequency is much greater than the spontaneous decay rate, then the total atomic decoherence rate is on the order of the spontaneous decay rate. With the use of a unitary transformation of the field states due to Mollow, it can be shown that the atomic decoherence rate is the same as if the laser field were treated classically, without any additional contribution due to the quantum nature of the laser field.
Adsorption of water molecules on selected charged sodium-chloride clusters.

The adsorption of water molecules (H2O) on sodium chloride cluster cations and anions was studied at 298 K over a mass range of 100–1200 amu using a custom-built laser desorption ionization reactor and mass spectrometer. Under the conditions used, the cations Na3Cl2+ and Na4Cl3+ bind up to three water molecules, whereas the larger cations, Na5Cl4+ to Na19Cl18+, formed hydrates with one or two only. The overall trend is a decrease in hydration with increasing cluster size, with an abrupt drop occurring at the closed-shell Na14Cl13+. As compared to the cluster cations, the cluster anions showed almost no adsorption. Among smaller clusters, a weak adsorption of one water molecule was observed for the cluster anions Na6Cl7– and Na7Cl8–. In the higher mass region, a substantial adsorption of one water molecule was observed for Na14Cl15–. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were carried out for the adsorption of one molecule of H2O on the cations NanCln–1+, for n = 2–8, and the anions NanCln+1–, for n ...
Toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I: C)-induced antiviral response in human corneal epithelial cells

The objective of this study was to examine the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) by human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and to determine whether exposure to the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] induces an antiviral response in these cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis revealed TLR3 to be constitutively expressed and distributed intracellularly in HCECs. Stimulation of HCECs with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) induced the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokine IL-8. Upon exposure to poly(I:C), HCECs initiated a potent antiviral response resulting in an increase of interferon (IFN)-beta mRNA expression (7-fold). Poly(I:C) stimulation also up-regulated mRNA expression of the antiviral chemokine IFN-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP10), myxovirus resistance gene A and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (5-, 10- and 9-fold, respectively), and secretion of IP10. These responses were also induced by exogenously added type 1 IFNs, but could not be blocked by pretreatment of the cells with anti-TLR3 monoclonal antibody, suggesting that the receptor was not expressed on the cell surface. Furthermore, incubation of HCECs with an endosomal acidification inhibitor, chloroquine, markedly inhibited poly(I:C)-mediated IFN-beta expression in HCECs. These results suggest that corneal epithelial cells are important sentinels of the corneal innate immune system against viral infection, and that stimulation of TLR3 can induce the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and antiviral genes that help in the defence of the cornea against viral infection.
Fluid transport across cultured rat alveolar epithelial cells: A novel in vitro system

Previous studies have used fluid-instilled lungs to measure net alveolar fluid transport in intact animal and human lungs. However, intact lung studies have two limitations: the contribution of dif...
Toward the use of local monitoring and network-wide correction to achieve QoS guarantees in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents the exploration of novel mechanisms toward providing quality of service (QoS) guarantees in mobile ad hoc networks. We study mechanisms that provide differentiated services to packets of varying priority traffic flows. These mechanisms do not require any central coordination and do not depend on any specific protocols at the physical, MAC, or network layers. Nodes independently monitor the rates of the highest priority flows and signal corrective mechanisms when these rates fall outside of specified local bounds. Triggering conditions for network-wide corrective mechanisms are designed to trade-off rapid reactive response to local QoS violations with control packet overhead. A range of corrective mechanisms are explored that attempt to maintain reactive response while improving total network utilization, including resources consumed by lower priority traffic. We provide simulation results that demonstrate the effectiveness of monitoring, reactive triggering, and basic and advanced corrective mechanisms. We discuss the extension of these novel mechanisms to a complete QoS solution for mobile ad hoc networks.
Behavioral modeling of analog and mixed signal IC's: case studies of analog circuit simulation beyond SPICE

Analog circuit designers trust SPICE because it represents a circuit in terms of the laws of physics governing each component. However, the increasing size of analog microsystems and the heterogeneity of waveform types of interest time-domain, frequency-domain, discrete-time, continuous-time-make it almost impossible to simulate these circuits efficiently on SPICE. Behavioral modeling offers one possible way to abstract the features of interest in a circuit block. Although simulation programs such as Saber have offered behavioral modeling for more than a decade, few seasoned analog circuit designers avail themselves of this capability. This paper describes how behavioral models were used in three state-of-the-art high performance mixed-signal design projects.
Molecular degradation of polymers

An understanding of the transmittal of force or stress through the molecular (or atomic) network of a body should not only be helpful in predicting the load carrying capability of materials but might also provide information on how structure can be altered to enhance properties. A molecular understanding of mechanical properties is particularly difficult in polymers where such factors as molecular weight, tacticity, crystallinity, presence of networks, orientation, etc., may have an influence. In no class of materials are intricacies of physical structure more important than in polymers. Polymers with very similar chemical structures but differing physical structure can have physical properties differing by orders of magnitude. It would obviously be helpful to have means to probe molecular and atomic events and occur during the loading and destruction of the polymer structure. Instruments that have been used for this purpose include: (1) electron spin resonance (ESR) to monitor free radical production resulting from homolytic chain scission, (2) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to measure new end groups resulting from molecular chain rupture, and (3) intrinsic viscosity or gel permeation chromotography (GPC) to detect molecular weight changes (MWC) accompanying molecular degradation. This presentation will discuss and compare research results from these methods. Particular emphasis will be placed on recent studies in which computer modeling has been used to identify ESR spectra and a comparison of the results obtained by ESR, FTIR, and MWC for polystyrene.
Testing hypotheses of speciation in the Plethodon jordani species complex with allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences

Trp , and tRNA Ala from 438 salamanders) from 100 populations representing six species of the P. jordani complex ( Plethodon amplus , Plethodon cheoah , Plethodon jordani , Plethodon meridianus , Plethodon metcalfi , and Plethodon montanus ) with comparative analyses of previously published allozymic data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this group and to diagnose species lineages. Analyses of mitochondrial haplotypic data include nested-cladistic analysis of phylogeography, analysis of molecular variance, hierarchical analysis of nucleotide-diversity measures, and likelihood-based estimates of recent temporal changes in population size. New analyses of allozymic data include multidimensional scaling and principal component analyses, and both data sets are analysed and compared for congruent genetic structure using Mantel correlation tests. These analyses in combination identify the six named species as distinct evolutionary lineages despite sporadic genetic exchanges among them and some discordance between mitochondrial DNA and allozymic markers. Sexual isolation is not complete for any pair of these six species, but they replace each other geographically and appear to block the geographical spreading of their neighbours. The P. jordani complex is a strong study system for investigating the genetic and ecological processes responsible for vicariant speciation. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 89 , 25‐51. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: General Lineage Concept ‐ introgression ‐ nested-cladistic analysis ‐ phylogeography ‐ Plethodontidae ‐ salamander ‐ southern Appalachian Mountains.
Engineering a root‐specific, repressor‐operator gene complex

Strong, tissue-specific and genetically regulated expression systems are essential tools in plant biotechnology. An expression system tool called a 'repressor-operator gene complex' (ROC) has diverse applications in plant biotechnology fields including phytoremediation, disease resistance, plant nutrition, food safety, and hybrid seed production. To test this concept, we assembled a root-specific ROC using a strategy that could be used to construct almost any gene expression pattern. When a modified E. coli lac repressor with a nuclear localization signal was expressed from a rubisco small subunit expression vector, S1pt::lacIn, LacIn protein was localized to the nuclei of leaf and stem cells, but not to root cells. A LacIn repressible Arabidopsis actin expression vector A2pot was assembled containing upstream bacterial lacO operator sequences, and it was tested for organ and tissue specificity using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and mercuric ion reductase (merA) gene reporters. Strong GUS enzyme expression was restricted to root tissues of A2pot::GUS/S1pt::lacIn ROC plants, while GUS activity was high in all vegetative tissues of plants lacking the repressor. Repression of shoot GUS expression exceeded 99.9% with no evidence of root repression, among a large percentage of doubly transformed plants. Similarly, MerA was strongly expressed in the roots, but not the shoots of A2pot::merA/S1pt::lacIn plants, while MerA levels remained high in both shoots and roots of plants lacking repressor. Plants with MerA expression restricted to roots were approximately as tolerant to ionic mercury as plants constitutively expressing MerA in roots and shoots. The superiority of this ROC over the previously described root-specific tobacco RB7 promoter is demonstrated.
Mode-Based Beamforming Arrays for Miniaturized Platforms

In this paper, a new and practical mode-based array concept is proposed. The key principle of this mode-based approach is the use of orthogonal radiation modes existing in highly coupled arrays as individual information channels so as to avoid mutual coupling and correlation. Consequently, mode-based arrays can be very compact in size but without suffering undesired effects such as impedance mismatch or pattern distortion. While providing a general theoretical discussion for this mode-based approach, a practical application example, namely, a compact electronically scanning array module is developed. With a suitable signal combining algorithm, the module is capable of forming and full 360deg scanning of a high-gain radiation pattern in the azimuth plane. An experimental prototype has been fabricated on a traditional printed circuit board to validate the practicability of the proposed concept. Measurement results obtained are in good agreement with theoretical simulations, showing promising potential of mode-based array modules for modern miniaturized wireless devices.
Discriminative Direction for Kernel Classifiers

In many scientific and engineering applications, detecting and understanding differences between two groups of examples can be reduced to a classical problem of training a classifier for labeling new examples while making as few mistakes as possible. In the traditional classification setting, the resulting classifier is rarely analyzed in terms of the properties of the input data captured by the discriminative model. However, such analysis is crucial if we want to understand and visualize the detected differences. We propose an approach to interpretation of the statistical model in the original feature space that allows us to argue about the model in terms of the relevant changes to the input vectors. For each point in the input space, we define a discriminative direction to be the direction that moves the point towards the other class while introducing as little irrelevant change as possible with respect to the classifier function. We derive the discriminative direction for kernel-based classifiers, demonstrate the technique on several examples and briefly discuss its use in the statistical shape analysis, an application that originally motivated this work.
Combining Bayesian Networks and Decision Trees to Predict Drosophila melanogaster Protein-Protein Interactions

Protein-protein interactions are important in many aspects of cellular processes. Discovery of protein interactions that take place within a cell can provide a starting point for understanding biological regulatory pathways. High-throughput experimental screens developed so far show high error rates in terms of false positives and false negatives. There is thus a great need for new computational approaches to enable the prediction of new protein-protein interactions and to enhance the reliability of experimentally derived interaction maps. Many of the computational approaches developed thus far are based on strong biological assumptions, resulting in biases towards certain types of predictions. As a first step towards a more complete and accurate interaction map, we propose to predict protein-protein interactions using existing experimental data combined with the Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of proteins. We do not use strong prior rules about GO patterns and proteinprotein interactions and thus avoid biases associated with various assumptions. We show that GO annotations can be a useful predictor for proteinprotein interactions and that prediction performance can be improved by combining the results from both decision trees and Bayesian networks.
Recurrent multifocal adult rhabdomyoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology: Report of a case and review of the literature

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a recurrent multifocal extracardiac adult rhabdomyoma is described, and the literature is reviewed. The patient presented with dysphagia and bilateral palpable neck masses 21 yr after resection of a rhabdomyoma of the tongue. The clinical differential diagnoses included ptotic submandibular glands and lymphadenopathy. The aspiration smears and cytospin preparations contained large polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm with indistinct borders and uniform, peripherally located nuclei. Cross-striations were identified within the cytoplasm of some cells on Papanicolaou and modified Wright-Giemsa stains. This case represents only the fourth description of the cytology of this entity and the first reported case of a recurrence diagnosed by FNA. The characteristic cytomorphologic features enabled a definitive diagnosis to be made 21 yr after the original resection, sparing a poor-risk patient a debilitating surgical procedure for a benign, slow-growing neoplasm.
Induction of growth plate cartilage ossification by basic fibroblast growth factor

In mammals, longitudinal bone growth results from the precise coupling of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis within the epiphyseal growth plate, a process termed endochondral ossification. The mechanisms coupling chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are unknown. Previous studies have shown that both basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and acidic FGF are expressed by growth plate chondrocytes. Here we show that bFGF, infused directly into the rabbit proximal tibial growth plate, accelerates vascular invasion and ossification of growth plate cartilage. Our results suggest the possibility that bFGF (or a related member of the FGF family) couples osteogenesis to chondrogenesis by attracting vascular and bone cell invasion from the adjacent metaphyseal bone.
A stereoscopic camera employing a single main lens

A camera for extracting depth information from a scene is described. It incorporates a single main lens along with a lenticular array placed at the sensor plane. The resulting plenoptic camera provides information about how the scene would look when viewed from a continuum of possible viewpoints bounded by the main lens aperture. Deriving depth information is simpler than in a binocular stereo system because the correspondence problem is minimized. The camera extracts information about both horizontal and vertical parallax, which improves the reliability of the depth estimates. >
Release of cAMP gating by the alpha6beta4 integrin stimulates lamellae formation and the chemotactic migration of invasive carcinoma cells

The alpha6beta4 integrin promotes carcinoma in-vasion by its activation of a phosphoinositide 3-OH (PI3-K) signaling pathway (Shaw, L.M., I. Rabinovitz, H.H.-F. Wang, A. Toker, and A.M. Mercurio. Cell. 91: 949-960). We demonstrate here using MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells that alpha6beta4 stimulates chemotactic migration, a key component of invasion, but that it has no influence on haptotaxis. Stimulation of chemotaxis by alpha6beta4 expression was observed in response to either lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or fibroblast conditioned medium. Moreover, the LPA-dependent formation of lamellae in these cells is dependent upon alpha6beta4 expression. Both lamellae formation and chemotactic migration are inhibited or "gated" by cAMP and our results reveal that a critical function of alpha6beta4 is to suppress the intracellular cAMP concentration by increasing the activity of a rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE). This PDE activity is essential for lamellae formation, chemotactic migration and invasion based on data obtained with PDE inhibitors. Although PI3-K and cAMP-specific PDE activities are both required to promote lamellae formation and chemotactic migration, our data indicate that they are components of distinct signaling pathways. The essence of our findings is that alpha6beta4 stimulates the chemotactic migration of carcinoma cells through its ability to influence key signaling events that underlie this critical component of carcinoma invasion.
Multimission modular spacecraft (MMS)

This paper discusses the design requirements for the low-cost standard spacecraft development which has come to be known as the Multimission Modular Spacecraft (MMS). The paper presents the wide range of launch configurations of the MMS users, the population of programs using the MMS, and the cost effectiveness of the MMS concept. The paper addresses the in-orbit serviceability of the design as demonstrated by the successful SMM repair, and the recent selection of MMS for the Explorer Platform, which features in-orbit payload exchanges.
Hybrid Energy System Modeling in Modelica

In this paper, a Hybrid Energy System (HES) configuration is modeled in Modelica. Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) have as their defining characteristic the use of one or more energy inputs, combined with the potential for multiple energy outputs. Compared to traditional energy systems, HES provide additional operational flexibility so that high variability in both energy production and consumption levels can be absorbed more effectively. This is particularly important when including renewable energy sources, whose output levels are inherently variable, determined by nature. The specific HES configuration modeled in this paper include two energy inputs: a nuclear plant, and a series of wind turbines. In addition, the system produces two energy outputs: electricity and synthetic fuel. The models are verified through simulations of the individual components, and the system as a whole. The simulations are performed for a range of component sizes, operating conditions, and control schemes.
Mele's irrationality: A commentary

(1988). Mele's irrationality: A commentary. Philosophical Psychology: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 189-200.
Providing anticipatory guidance and counseling to the adolescent male.

During a clinical day a health care provider may find it refreshing to see an adolescent male because he will be quick and easy to see with an uncomplicated physical examination and clinical history. This attitude may be in part due to the fact that adolescent males have the reputation of being nontalkative difficult to engage or not interested when it comes to clinical care. Yet adolescent males experience many preventable health issues that place them at significant risk for morbidity and mortality (see earlier article). Also despite their reputation adolescent males do want to discuss their health. The primary care provider should not shortchange the adolescent male during his medical encounter but instead should take the time to engage him in anticipatory guidance and counseling. The fact that adolescent males are seen in a variety of clinical settings including ambulatory care emergency department school-based and juvenile detention makes it important for all types of care providers to become familiar with how to counsel adolescent males and to use counseling approaches that work. To provide a rationale for effective counseling a framework is first presented to enhance the understanding of the adolescent male in context of his development family friends and community/school. Equipped with the right set of tools clinicians of either gender can have much success communicating with and counseling adolescent male patients. (excerpt)
First workshop on large-bowel cancer. Welcoming address.

We consider it a privilege to host the First Workshop of the National Large-Bowel Cancer Project here in Houston. It is quite evident that the major task force or Working Cadre approach to an organ site or disease type is considered an intelligent and rapidly productive one by the National Cancer Institute. Presently, four organ sites are being studied, and these studies are being funded as an integral part of the National Cancer Program Plan. Those organ-site task forces, in addition to being concerned with the colon and rectum, are conce~ned with prostate, bladder, and breast carcinoma. Consideration is being given to the future organization of task forces for head and neck carcinoma and carcinoma of the pancreas. Rapid revelation of new knowledge, more comprehensive approaches, and additional national resources are made possible when basic scientists and clinicians pool their knowledge and varying perspectives to consider every aspect of an organ or system in animal models, and then in the human body, that is harboring cancer. The process of translating new laboratory ideas and facts from culture studies to animal models, to clinical trials, to widespread use among oncologists, and eventually, to practicing community physicians is hastened immeasurably through the cooperative activities of experts in each of these fields. Publications stemming from such highly organized activities are very valuable in educating the medical profession regarding the total physiologic aspects of cancer in an anatomical site,
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Patients with TOF enjoy good long-term survival in the present era of cardiac surgery, but need lifelong follow up for recognized post-op sequelae. Physical examination becomes an essential tool for diagnosing
Dairy Tool Box Talks: A Comprehensive Worker Training in Dairy Farming.

Today’s dairies are growing rapidly, with increasing dependence on Latino immigrant workers. This requires new educational strategies for improving milk quality and introduction to state-of-the-art dairy farming practices. It also creates knowledge gaps pertaining to the health of animals and workers, mainly due to lack of time and language barriers. Owners, managers and herdsmen assign training duties to more experienced employees, which may not promote ‘best practices’ and may perpetuate bad habits. A comprehensive and periodic training program administered by qualified personnel is currently needed and will enhance the sustainability of the dairy industry. Strategic management and employee satisfaction will be achieved through proper training in the employee’s language, typically Spanish. The training needs to address not only current industry standards but also social and cultural differences. An innovative training course was developed following the same structure used by the engineering and construction industries, giving farm workers basic understanding of animal care and handling, cow comfort and personal safety. The “Dairy Tool Box Talks” program was conducted over a ten week period with nine 30-minute sessions according to farm’s various employee work shifts. Bulk milk bacterial counts and somatic cell count were used to evaluate milk quality on the three dairy farms participating in the program. “Dairy Tool Box Talks” resulted in a general sense of employee satisfaction, significant learning outcomes, and enthusiasm about the topics covered. We conclude this article by highlighting the importance of educational programs aimed at improving overall cross-cultural training.
Selective Synthesis of TbMn2O5 Nanorods and TbMnO3 Micron Crystals

Multiferroic rare-earth manganates TbMn2O5 and TbMnO3 were synthesized selectively via a one-pot hydrothermal route. The different morphologies can be obtained by changing the ratio of reactants MnCl2·4H2O and KMnO4. SEM and TEM images showed a high quality for the products that was also confirmed by XPS patterns and Raman spectra.
Beyond the “Iron Cage”

Sur un arriere-fond relevant des theories de l'action, le concept weberien de "rationalite instrumentale" est reformule et demultiplie. La portee (theorique et pratique) du concept ainsi amenage est analysee.
Forty Blue Kids

The air was crisp and clear, the first cold day of the fall. Wilma Pomerantz awakened with a start as her alarm clock announced the beginning of a new day in the life of a Poison Information Specialist.
Caregiving and the Life Course: Connecting the Personal and the Public

At some point in our adult lives, most of us will face challenges of caregiving. For many, the issue will come up several times, either when we need to be cared for by others or when a parent, spouse, sibling or adult child becomes ill or disabled and needs care. National studies estimate that currently 44 million, or 21% of the adult population, representing 21% of U.S. households, are providing unpaid care to an ill or disabled adult (AARP 2005). The need for informal, unpaid care work has grown in recent decades and is expected to continue to grow with an aging population. For example, between 1987 and 1998 the population 65 and older increased from approximately 28 to 34 million. Corresponding with this increase, the number of individuals providing care rose from 7.8 to 22% of adults (Wagner 1997). The need for care has been tempered by declining rates of disability, but there is some evidence that disability rates may be on the upswing because of increasing rates of obesity (Lakdawalla et al. 2004). Informal (and unpaid) care is also a critical component of the U.S. health care system, particularly long-term care. Among those needing long-term care, 40% rely solely on informal, unpaid care and 25% use a combination of informal and formal care (Uhlenberg and Cheuk 2008).
A novel aromatic polyurea for high energy density capacitors

Dielectric film capacitors with high energy density represent some of the most pervasive devices used in electrical and electronic systems. With the rapid growing demands in electrification, new polymer film dielectrics with high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength are needed. A toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based organic polymer with a flexible diaminoether backbone (EDR148™) was synthesized and fabricated into ∼10 μm films by a blade cast method. Systematic dielectric spectroscopy study was performed to characterize the complex dielectric spectra over a broad range of frequencies and temperatures to probe global, segmental, and local relaxations. Furthermore, high field characterizations were conducted by using a D-E polarization loop tester and a specially designed pre-breakdown conduction measurement system for the fundamental understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and high filed polarization and breakdown. TDI-EDR148 exhibited a high dielectric constant of > 6 with a low loss factor of ∼1.5% and a high breakdown strength of >600 MV/m. These properties represent a high energy density of ∼12 J/cc for this aromatic polyuria film. The result was compared with a previously studied high K polymer to correlate and reveal mechanism leading to the design of polymers with high dipolar energy density.
Index to Volume XLIV, 1937: The American Mathematical Monthly

(1937). Index to Volume XLIV, 1937: The American Mathematical Monthly. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 678-688.
On the Optimal Speed of Sovereign Deleveraging with Precautionary Savings

We study the interaction between sovereign risk and aggregate demand. We obtain two main results. First, the aggregate demand channel creates a trade-off between the recessionary impact of fiscal consolidation and the risk of a future sovereign debt crisis. Risk aversion has a large impact on output losses and on welfare. Second, we find that savers and borrowers disagree about the optimal path of sovereign deleveraging. The sovereign risk channel can therefore explain some of the rise in political disagreement about fiscal policy. We use a calibrated version of the model to shed light on sovereign deleveraging in the Eurozone.
Successful patient recruitment in CT imaging clinical trials: what factors influence patient participation?

Rationale and Objectives Analyze factors that influence participation in research studies that use coronary computed tomography (CT) imaging. Materials and Methods A 12-point survey using a questionnaire was conducted on 80 subjects, of whom 40 agreed to participate in a cardiovascular CT imaging research study (enrolling subjects) and 40 declined participation (non-enrolling subjects). Potential factors that motivated the acceptance or refusal of enrollment were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. The following aspects were addressed: (1) additional health information, (2) free imaging, (3) altruistic benefit to society, (4) monetary compensation, (5) radiation exposure, (6) role as an experimental subject, (7) possible loss of confidentiality, (8) contrast or investigational drug use, (9) premedication use, (10) blood draw or intravenous placement, (11) time commitment, and (12) personal medical opinion. Response distributions were obtained for each question and compared between enrolling and non-enrolling groups. Results Enrolling subjects gave significantly higher ratings than non-enrolling subjects for the following factors: additional health information (P Conclusions Several influential concerns and benefits were identified from potential research subjects. Knowledge of what influences patient participation in studies involving CT imaging may allow researchers to effectively address concerns and highlight the potential benefits related to participation.
Curating the aural cultures of the Battery: Soundwalking, auditory tourism and interactive locative media sound art:

Inside Outside Battery is a mobile media sound art installation for smartphone technologies that uses global positioning system (GPS) locative software to narrate walking visitors through the Batte...
Sexual activity and function in male cancer patients receiving targeted an immune therapies.

e21594Background: Survivorship concerns–including sexual function–move increasingly to the foreground in cancer patient care as systemic therapies improve response and survival. Patients are often ...
Chemical pharmacotherapy for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension.

Introduction: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common yet often overlooked condition. Particularly debilitating is neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) caused by deficient neurotransmission of...
The Co-Construction of Epistemological Framing in Clinical Interviews and Implications for Research in Science Education.

ABSTRACTScience educators demonstrated that students’ framings – their expectations of what is going on – influence how they participate, and what science knowledge they reveal, in clinical intervi...
Long-term clinical outcomes and transcriptional analysis following partial and complete tumor SBRT plus pembrolizumab.

34Background: Preclinical models support a combinatorial role of high-dose irradiation with immunotherapy. Multi-site stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with pembrolizumab (P) has been demonstra...
Patient-Centered Goal Setting in Developmental Therapy: Discordance between Documented Goals and Caregiver-Perceived Goals.

Introduction Productive interactions between engaged patients and clinical teams are key to effective clinical practice. Accordingly, the identification of needs and priorities through the process of collaborative goal setting is fundamental to patient-centered care. Executing a goal-setting process that is truly collaborative is challenging; many caregivers do not feel that they are adequately involved in the goal-setting process. This study presents the results of an initiative intended to understand goal concordance between therapists and caregivers. Methods We conducted an observational, cross-sectional design study. Twenty-nine pediatric physical and occupational therapists developed and documented collaborative goals for their patients. Over 6 months, 120 randomly selected caregivers from a weekly list of patients scheduled for a follow-up physical or occupational therapy visit participated. Caregivers completed structured interviews related to their children's therapy goals. We calculated agreement coefficients between caregiver-perceived goals and therapist-documented goals. Results Overall strength of agreement was poor (M = -0.03, SD = 0.71). There were no significant differences within variables of a goal setter, goal importance, or goal utility. Median agreement coefficients were greatest for goals perceived to be identified solely by the caregiver, perceived as important, and perceived as functionally useful. Conclusions The results of this study underscore the state of discordance in the collaborative goal-setting process in pediatric physical and occupational therapy. Healthcare encounters continue to be framed by provider perspectives and priorities. Developing therapy goals that enhance family involvement, relate to function, and are important to the healthcare consumer may improve the agreement.
Andrew Jackson: A Rhetorical Portrayal of Presidential Leadership

Amos Kiewe, a professor and chair of the Department of Communication and Rhetorical Studies at Syracuse University, has taken on the ultimate twenty-first century Jacksonian challenge: determining ...
The Regulation of Migration, Integration, and of Multiculturalism in Twenty-First-Century France

This chapter explores the relationship between migration, integration, and multiculturalism in twenty-first-century France. The first argument is that migration policies and practices do not reflect a monolithic, historically transcendent ‘French model’; rather migration policies are historically dynamic, shaped inter alia by nativism and especially the influence of right-wing political parties, concerns about ‘terrorism’, but also European laws and policies, French juridical constraints, and government decisions concerning the ‘needs’ of labor markets. Second, in terms of integration, it argues that beyond the public philosophies of laicite that are equally associated with a ‘French model’ of integration lies a more local or urban practice of de facto multiculturalism, which calls into question the methodological nationalism of most discussions of integration in France.
Momentum-based variance-reduced proximal stochastic gradient method for composite nonconvex stochastic optimization

Stochastic gradient methods (SGMs) have been extensively used for solving stochastic problems or large-scale machine learning problems. Recent works employ various techniques to improve the convergence rate of SGMs for both convex and nonconvex cases. Most of them require a large number of samples in some or all iterations of the improved SGMs. In this paper, we propose a new SGM, named PStorm, for solving nonconvex nonsmooth stochastic problems. With a momentum-based variance reduction technique, PStorm can achieve the optimal complexity result $O(\varepsilon^{-3})$ to produce a stochastic $\varepsilon$-stationary solution, if a mean-squared smoothness condition holds and $\Theta(\varepsilon^{-1})$ samples are available for the initial update. Different from existing optimal methods, PStorm can still achieve a near-optimal complexity result $\tilde{O}(\varepsilon^{-3})$ by using only one or $O(1)$ samples in every update. With this property, PStorm can be applied to online learning problems that favor real-time decisions based on one or $O(1)$ new observations. In addition, for large-scale machine learning problems, PStorm can generalize better by small-batch training than other optimal methods that require large-batch training and the vanilla SGM, as we demonstrate on training a sparse fully-connected neural network and a sparse convolutional neural network.
Aiding shared decision making in lung cancer screening: two decision tools.

Background Shared decision making (SDM) preceding lung cancer screening is important for populations that are underrepresented in lung cancer screening trials. Current evidence-based guidelines; however, do not address personal risk and outcomes in underrepresented populations. This study compared two SDM decision aids (Option Grids and Shouldiscreen.com) for SDM efficacy, decision regret and knowledge. Methods We conducted a prospective trial of lung cancer screening patients (N = 237) randomized to SDM with Option Grids or Shouldiscreen.com. To evaluate the SDM process after lung cancer screening, patients answered two questionnaires: CollaboRATE and Decision Regret. Patients also completed a questionnaire to test their knowledge of lung cancer screening. Results Patients were predominantly African American (61.6%), though multiple races, varying education levels and equal genders were represented. Patients in both Option Grids and Shouldiscreen.com groups reported favorable SDM experiences (P = 0.60) and equivalent knowledge about lung cancer screening (P = 0.43). Patients using Shouldiscreen.com had less knowledge regarding the potential complications of subsequent testing (P = 0.02). Shouldiscreen.com patients had increased regret regarding their decision to pursue screening (P = 0.02). Conclusions Option Grids and Shouldiscreen.com both facilitated a meaningful SDM process. However, Option Grids patients experienced decreased decision regret and enhanced knowledge of the potential complications of screening.