cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Common inpatient hypoglycemia phenotypes identified from an automated electronic health record-based prediction model.

Purpose Common inpatient hypoglycemia risk factor patterns (phenotypes) from an electronic health record (EHR)-based prediction model and preventive strategies were identified. Methods Patients admitted to 2 large academic medical centers who were in the top fifth percentile of a previously developed hypoglycemia risk score and developed hypoglycemia (blood glucose [BG] of <50mg/dL) were included in the study. Frequencies of all combinations of ≥4 risk factors contributing to the risk score among these patients were determined to identify common risk patterns. Clinical pharmacists developed clinical vignettes for each common pattern and formulated medication therapy management recommendations for hypoglycemia prevention. Results A total of 401 admissions with a hypoglycemic event were identified among 1,875 admissions whose hypoglycemic risk was in the top fifth percentile among all admissions that received antihyperglycemic drugs and evaluated. Five distinct phenotypes emerged: (1) frail patients with history of hypoglycemia receiving insulin on hospital day 1, (2) a rapid downward trend in BG values in patients receiving an insulin infusion or with a history of hypoglycemia, (3) administration of insulin in the presence of an active nothing by mouth order in frail patients, (4) repeated low BG level in frail patients, and (5) inadequate night-time BG monitoring for patients on long-acting insulin. The 5 themes jointly described 53.0% of high-risk patients who experienced hypoglycemia. Conclusion Five distinct phenotypes that are prevalent in patients at greatest risk for inpatient hypoglycemia were identified.
Coaching and Video Review for Surgical Practice Improvement

Modern surgical education has evolved from the historical apprenticeship model into the current organized system of surgical education. The number of operative procedures and new technologies and methods continues to evolve for both the trainee and the established practicing surgeon. Current surgical education is based on the principle that a competently trained surgeon will continue to improve with experience. After the completion of a formal education during surgery residency, surgeons rely on self-directed learning, training workshops and conferences and simulation-based training to continue their education. The expectation is the individual surgeon will independently acquire this new knowledge and implement it into their clinical practice. There are a number of studies looking at different forms of surgical coaching in simulated settings for students, residents, and practicing surgeons. Peer coaching aims to improve performance whereas expert coaching allows for the development of a new skill or adoption of a new procedure. This process aims to complement the clinical experience and supplement intraoperative learning. Surgical coaching is an effective and efficient way to train surgical residents and continue the professional development of surgeons. Video-based coaching provides a way for continual improvement in both technical and nontechnical skills through ongoing performance evaluation and subsequent adjustment to clinical practice.
Multi-View Learning from Disparate Sources for Poverty Mapping

Many data analytics problems involve data coming from multiple sources, sensors, modalities or feature spaces, that describe the object of interest in a unique way, and typically exhibit heterogeneous properties. The varied data sources are termed as views, and the task of learning from such multi-view data is known as multi-view learning. In my thesis, I target the problem of poverty prediction and mapping from multi-source data. Currently, poverty is estimated through intensive household surveys, which is costly and time consuming. The need is to timely and accurately predict poverty and map it to spatially fine-grained baseline data. The primary aim of my thesis is to develop novel multi-view algorithms that combine disparate data sources for poverty mapping. Another aim of my work is to relax the core assumptions faced by existing multi-view learning algorithms, and produce factorized subspaces.
Democracy by Discussion, Not Debate: James Buchanan on Freedom of Inquiry as a Methodological, not Ideological, Necessity

Freedom of inquiry remains one of the core tenants of the liberal project. However, in a 1960 letter, James M. Buchanan argued that free inquiry was important for more than just philosophical reasons. In fact, freedom of inquiry and the ability to participate in collective choice processes was at the heart of Buchanan’s methodological commitments to social science and foundational to the entire project of Virginia Political Economy. In this paper, we will show why freedom of inquiry assumes the central place that it holds in Buchanan’s methodology and research more broadly. Insisting on inquiry being open and free to all was not simply an ideological preference held by Buchanan—rather, to him it was the only way forward for Virginia Political Economy.
Haptoglobin Therapy Prevents Kidney Injury in Stored Blood Resuscitation of Murine Hemorrhagic Shock

Abstract Introduction: Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) and free heme are major breakdown products of hemolyzing Red Blood Cells (RBC). Mammals have evolved scavenger systems to bind circulating Hb with haptoglobin (Hp) and free heme with hemopexin (Hx). During storage RBC undergo numerous morphological and biochemical changes. Transfusion of stored RBC (SRBC) increases plasma levels of heme and Hb. Increased plasma Hb levels are associated with kidney injury (KI). In prolonged hemorrhagic shock (HS) systemic hypotension and hypoperfusion impair kidney function. KI is an important complication of HS and is associated with a markedly increased mortality and morbidity rate. In this study we employed a murine model of 14-day blood storage mimicking 42-day human blood storage. We first determined that HS-induced KI is more severe in mice resuscitated with SRBC than in those transfused fresh RBC (FRBC). Then we studied whether treatment with either Hp or Hx during transfusion reduced KI after SRBC-resuscitation from HS. Methods: Leukoreduced, packed RBC obtained from WT C57BL6 mice were stored in CPDA-1 at 4°C for either Results: After HS and resuscitation hemoglobinuria was detected in 24 h urine samples collected from mice resuscitated with SRBC (see Table). Urine KIM-1 levels were increased after HS and resuscitation with either FRBC or SRBC (FRBC differs vs. Sham, p Conclusion: In comparison to resuscitation from HS with FRBC, resuscitation with SRBC produced hemoglobinuria and greater KI. Treatment with exogenous Hp during transfusion but not treatment with Hx or Alb reduced SRBC-induced hemoglobinuria and prevented kidney injury after HS and resuscitation with SRBC. Treatment with exogenous Hp may prevent KI associated with high plasma Hb concentrations such as after massive transfusion of stored blood, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass or in acute exacerbations of hemolytic disease. Download : Download high-res image (53KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Transgender Identity Survey: A Measure of Internalized Transphobia.

Purpose: We describe the development of a measure of internalized transphobia, defined as discomfort with one's transgender identity as a result of internalizing society's normative gender expectat...
Connected Learning and Shakespeare: Engaging Students in Drama Teacher Education.

ABSTRACTThis article describes a connected learning project in which preservice teachers practice technology integration with the teaching of Shakespeare. Digitised Shakespeare pedagogy is often ov...
Investigation of severe acute respiratory infections among inpatients in Beijing

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics and the infection status of influenza viruses of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection eases.To explore factors which relate to the incidence and death of severe flu patients and provide basis to adjust the prevention strategies and measures.Methods Epidemiological investigations and influenza pathogen detections were done to SARI cases in Peking University People's Hospital.Results 99 SARI cases (0.89％ of hospitalized cases) were monitored,they were mainly reported in the last week of 2009 and the first 12 weeks of 2010.Cases from ICU,breathing medical ward and emergency care ward accounted for 60.61％ of all cases.The percent of patients who fell ill after hospitalization were 40.40％,and influenza virus nucleic acid tests were positive for 42.42％ of them.Most of the virus were influenza B.Conclusion SARI cases were reported mainly in winter and.spring,patients with chronic diseases were high risk groups.We should increase multi-pathogen detections in SARI cases and strengthen the control of hospital infection. Key words: SARI cases; H1 N1 flu; clinical epidemiology ; Detection
The Role of Goals and Needs in the Authentic Self in Work and Family Domains

Despite an abundance of empirical research, scholars have noted a lack of theory to undergird work-family studies and have called for a greater focus on theory to truly advance understanding of the...
Salpingectomy for the Risk Reduction of Ovarian Cancer: Is It Time for a Salpingectomy-alone Approach?

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize published evidence supporting current strategies for the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer in women with a genetic, elevated risk for the development of this disease, as well as the emerging data on the novel salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy (SDO) strategy. Furthermore, we will explore whether salpingectomy alone is a viable risk-reducing strategy for these women. We will also discuss current national guidelines for risk-reducing surgery based on patients’ individual genetic predisposition. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database, with a focus on randomized controlled trials and large prospective, observational studies. Methods of Study Selection The key search terms for our review included Medical Subject Headings: “salpingectomy,” “ovarian cancer,” and “risk-reducing surgery.” Tabulation, Integration, and Results The fallopian tube is now well established as the site of origin for most ovarian cancers, particularly high-grade serous carcinomas. This finding has led to the development of new preventive surgical techniques, such as SDO, which may be associated with fewer side effects. However, until the results of ongoing trials are reported and the impact of SDO on ovarian cancer risk reduction is established, it should not be recommended outside of clinical trials, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy remains the treatment of choice for risk-reducing surgery, especially in women with a genetic, high risk for ovarian cancer. Conclusion The decision to undergo risk-reducing surgery among women with an elevated risk for ovarian cancer should be made after comprehensive consultation and individually based on genetic predisposition, childbearing status, and personal preference.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Metabolic Morbidity in a Longitudinal Study of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

CONTEXT Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to hyperandrogenism and supraphysiologic glucocorticoids, both of which can increase risk of metabolic morbidity. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity risk in a longitudinal study of patients with CAH spanning both childhood and adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING Patients with classic CAH followed for a minimum of 5 years during both childhood and adulthood (n = 57) at the National Institutes of Health were included and compared with the US general population using NHANES data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Compared to the US population, patients with CAH had higher (P < 0.001) prevalence of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) during childhood and obesity (P = 0.024), hypertension (P<0.001), and insulin resistance (P < 0.001) during adulthood. In our cohort, obesity, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia began prior to age 10. During childhood, increased mineralocorticoid dose was associated with hypertension (P = 0.0015) and low HDL (P = 0.0021). During adulthood, suppressed androstenedione was associated with hypertension (P = 0.002), and high low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.0039) whereas suppressed testosterone (P = 0.003) was associated with insulin resistance. Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone, possibly reflecting poor disease control, was protective against high cholesterol (P = 0.0049) in children. Children whose mothers were obese (maternal obesity) had increased risk of obesity during adulthood (P = 0.0021). Obesity, in turn, contributed to the development of hypertension, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia in adulthood. CONCLUSION Patients with CAH develop metabolic morbidity at a young age associated with treatment-related and familial factors. Judicious use of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid is warranted.
Septal Defects: Atrial Septal Defects, Ventricular Septal Defects, Atrioventricular Septal Defects, and Unroofed Coronary Sinus

Defects of the atrial septum and ventricular septum, which also include atrioventricular septal defects, sinus venosus defects, and coronary sinus defects, are some of the most common congenital heart defects and will be encountered often in pediatric patients. Therefore, they are a common type of congenital heart defect causing clinically significant symptoms and disease including hemodynamically significant left to right shunts, high-output heart failure, and cyanosis or implicated in paradoxical embolism. Echocardiography is an excellent first-line diagnostic modality to assess for these defects but may be limited by poor acoustic windows or inadequate visualization of the systemic and pulmonary veins. Cardiac CT is well suited for precise evaluation of the systemic and pulmonary venous connections, atrial and ventricular septum, and relationship of these structures in various planes.
Inhibition of telomerase limits the growth of human cancer cells

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that maintains the protective structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, called telomeres. In most human somatic cells, telomerase expression is repressed, and telomeres shorten progressively with each cell division. In contrast, most human tumors express telomerase, resulting in stabilized telomere length. These observations indicate that telomere maintenance is essential to the proliferation of tumor cells. We show here that expression of a mutant catalytic subunit of human telomerase results in complete inhibition of telomerase activity, reduction in telomere length and death of tumor cells. Moreover, expression of this mutant telomerase eliminated tumorigenicity in vivo. These observations demonstrate that disruption of telomere maintenance limits cellular lifespan in human cancer cells, thus validating human telomerase reverse transcriptase as an important target for the development of anti-neoplastic therapies.
40 Years of the Indian Civil Rights Act: Indigenous Women's Reflections

I approach this discussion by noting that Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez raises two critical oppositional principles: the collective political right versus the individual rights norm. Individual rights are the keystone in the Constitution of the United States. However, tribal rights for collective political entities are also affirmed in the Constitution in the provisions that establish relationships with the tribal nations. This political, nation-to-nation relationship was explicitly acknowledged and reaffirmed in Morton vs. Mancari. The most important right that tribal people claim for themselves is that as sovereigns. We have to remember that tribes were first sovereigns within the United States. And, as the noted scholar Charles Wilkinson reminds us, the tribal sovereigns were pre-constitutional, post-constitutional, and, in the international law context of indigenous law, extra-constitutional.
Perceptions of Suicide Risk and the Helpfulness of Intervention Strategies: A Comparison of Students and Mothers

College students (n = 132) and mothers (n = 64) listened to simulated hotline calls and rated level of suicide risk and the helpfulness of interventions. Students also rated their intent to take action in a similar situation; mothers rated their child's intent to take action. Students, more than mothers, perceived emotional problems to be associated with risk; mothers, more than students, perceived changes in behavior to be associated with risk. Students and mothers generally agreed regarding the helpfulness of different interventions, rating talking as most helpful. However, students, more than mothers, perceived social distraction as helpful. Mothers were generally accurate in their perceptions of their children's intended actions. Results suggest the need for additional research on the skills adolescents bring to crisis situations.
Calibration of the Hirschberg test in human infants

Purpose The Hirschberg ratio has been defined as the ratio of the change in angular position of the line of sight to the change in location of the first Purkinje image relative to the pupil center. This study was designed to determine empirically whether the adult value of the Hirschberg ratio (approximately 22 prism diopters/mm) is a suitable value to use for all ages. Because many structures in the eye are growing during the 1st year, it is possible that there could be some change in the Hirschberg ratio during this period. Methods A photographic technique was used to calculate the Hirschberg ratio for 323 infants between the ages of 27 and 365 days and for ten adult subjects. The study also measured angle lambda, the angle between the line of sight and the pupillary axis, in these populations. Results The Hirschberg ratio did not change with age during infancy and was similar for adults and infants both in value and in variance. Angle lambda, however, declined rapidly, from an extrapolated value of about 8.4 degrees at birth to near 5 degrees at 5 months, a change that is assumed to reflect axial growth of the eye. Conclusions The results suggest that the same average Hirschberg ratio can be used to estimate angle of strabismus across age. The change in angle lambda is important to consider when evaluating angle of deviation from measures using the Hirschberg test.
A PC on a PC board: another networking method

A network method is described which utilizes PC compatible processors, complete with memory and I/O, mounted on PC boards. This method incorporates the advantages of using serial connections to terminals without the disadvantages of multitasking a single microprocessor. A 5-user network utilizing 286-based microprocessor with serial terminals is installed. A 386-based server is used with a bus expansion box for the user boards. Two serial printers and one parallel printer are available as network resources. One terminal, with one additional serial printer and buffer, is serviced by a pair of modems over a leased telephone line to a location two miles away. The features of the operating system are described, including online messages between users, commanding and viewing other users' terminals, disk sharing, and print queuing. The capabilities and limitations of the networking method are described and compared with a more conventional Ethernet network utilizing the Novell Netware operating system. >
Epitope mapping of a 95 kDa antigen in complex with antibody by solution-phase amide backbone hydrogen/deuterium exchange monitored by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The epitopes of a homohexameric food allergen protein, cashew Ana o 2, identified by two monoclonal antibodies, 2B5 and 1F5, were mapped by solution-phase amide backbone H/D exchange (HDX) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) and the results were compared to previous mapping by immunological and mutational analyses. Antibody 2B5 defines a conformational epitope, and 1F5 defines a linear epitope. Intact murine IgG antibodies were incubated with recombinant Ana o 2 (rAna o 2) to form antigen–monoclonal antibody (Ag–mAb) complexes. mAb-complexed and uncomplexed (free) rAna o 2 were then subjected to HDX. HDX instrumentation and automation were optimized to achieve high sequence coverage by protease XIII digestion. The regions protected from H/D exchange upon antibody binding overlap and thus confirm the previously identified epitope-bearing segments: the first extension of HDX monitored by mass spectrometry to a full-length antigen–antibody complex in solution.
Probing structural and functional domains of human P450c17.

Human P450c17 performs at least six chemical transformations, but this spectrum of activity is differentially regulated by structural changes and by redox partner proteins. Furthermore, P450c17 isoforms from different species with ∼90% amino acid identity exhibit markedly different relative rates for these transformations. Although this phenomenology has been recognized for nearly 20 years, the underlying chemistry and structural basis for these effects are poorly understood. We have constructed a structural model of human P450c17 using computational chemistry to understand informative, naturally occurring human mutations and to provide a rational basis for designing alterations in P450c17 that probe functional domains of the protein. We have mapped with considerable confidence key residues involved in the interaction with redox partner proteins, including K89, R347, and R358, which form positive charges on the “proximal” surface of P450c17. Neutralization of these charges selectively impairs 17, 20-lyase...
Synthesis of (S)-jamaicamide C carboxylic acid.

The jamaicamides are natural product sodium channel blockers derived from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. The carboxylic acid fragment of jamaicamide C contains a methyl stereocenter and a trisubstituted E chloroolefin. Herein, we present the nonracemic synthesis of the aliphatic chain of jamaicamide C. The methyl stereocenter was installed using Evans’ oxazolidinone methodology, and the trisubstituted chloroolefin was set by silylstannylation of a triple bond.
Some early drawings by Robert Hooke

Several recently discovered drawings of insects are attributed to Robert Hooke and his collaborators, and their relationship to Hooke's Micrographia is discussed. The annotated drawings reveal a hitherto unknown working relationship between Hooke and several collaborators in making and recording microscopic observations. One of these collaborators is tentatively identified as the London instrument-maker Ralph Greatorex.
The power of efficiency: Optimizing environmental and social benefits through demand-side-management

Abstract Substantial social and environmental benefits can be achieved through regional DSM (demand-side management) strategies. Here, three DSM scenarios that vary in capital investment costs of technology retrofits were tested for the contemporary Northeastern US. These resulted in an 8.3–16.5% decrease in summertime regional electricity consumption. The lower power consumption achieved through DSM was analyzed under an additional five SPR (strategic power reduction) scenarios to explore how the reduced electricity demand could be optimized through different modalities of thermoelectric power production that lower human health risks, thermal water pollution, carbon emissions or system costs (operation and maintenance) of power plants. SPR scenarios show potential to lower health risks to nearly two million people with corresponding avoided external costs of $11 billion per year, lower carbon emissions (31%, maximum) and thermal water pollution (37%, maximum). By internalizing external costs, some unfavorable investments (NPV (net present value) 0). Results show that integrating tradeoffs of DSM beyond the building scale unveil considerable social and environmental benefits that are ignored in typical financial valuations. This, in turn, can provide more holistic assessments and identify actionable policy alternatives of value to energy and environmental planners that aim to achieve sustainable development.
A statistical derivation of the hydrodynamic equations of change for a system of ionized molecules. I. General equation of change and the Maxwell equations

Nonrelativistic, classical statistical mechanics is used to describe a dense fluid of molecules composed of nuclei and electrons with purely Coulomb interaction potentials. A general equation of change is derived for the time rate of change of any macroscopic (ensemble averaged) dynamical variable. From this general equation, Maxwell's equations in a medium are derived and expressed in terms of molecular properties, e.g., polarization and magnetization densities.
Mating System of a Territorial Tree Squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii) in California

The breeding behavior of tree squirrels ( Tamiasciurus douglasii ) was studied over a period of 3 years in California. The breeding season was 4 to 5 months long. Adults defended individual territories, but female territoriality toward males was relaxed during the breeding season. Males extended their territories into female home ranges, directing their territorial behavior toward other males. In mating bouts, the dominant males were those that were known or suspected to have previously acted territorially in the area of the bout. Although females often mated with subordinate males, dominant males had higher mating success than the average subordinate.
Measles DNA vaccine priming for young infants

Abstract Despite the overall progress achieved with mass immunization campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa, measles mortality in young children remains a significant public health problem. Investigators at the Center for Vaccine Development (CVD) developed two Sindbis replicon-based measles DNA vaccine candidates encoding the measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) or H and fusion (F) proteins to specifically target infants who are too young to receive the currently licensed measles vaccines. The Sindbis DNA replicons were well tolerated and highly immunogenic, eliciting plaque reduction neutralizing antibodies and measles-specific IFN-γ secreting T cells when administered to cotton rats, newborn and adult mice, and to juvenile and very young infant rhesus monkeys. A heterologous prime-boost regimen consisting of parenteral priming with DNA vaccine encoding H (pMSIN-H) and boosting with aerosolized attenuated MV vaccine was well tolerated by very young infant rhesus macaque monkeys and protected against viremia following respiratory challenge with wild type MV. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety of these DNA vaccines in healthy adults living in the U.S.A. Three dosage levels of ∼200, 400 and 800 μg of each DNA vaccine administered in a 2-dose regimen were found to be safe and well tolerated. Among the various candidate DNA vaccine strategies for young infants, this is the most advanced, having been tested in a Phase 1 clinical study. If successful, the proposed strategy would allow to prevent the “window of vulnerability” that otherwise opens at ∼16 weeks of age as maternal antibodies wane.
VBoom: Creating a Virtual Machine Real Estate Boom

Cloud providers sell identically configured virtual machines (VMs) for the same price. Customers purchasing these VMs expect that they perform similarly and are allocated the same amount of virtual resources. In practice, however, the real performance of identically provisioned VMs depends on the underlying hardware, i.e., how the hardware is configured, and how much shared resources are consumed by co-located VMs. As workloads often have different resource requirements (e.g., CPU or disk I/O bound), a physical machine can be a better host to one VM than another, and swapping the locations of the two VMs can improve the performance (or any other metrics) of both VMs. However, cloud providers are unlikely to offer a VM swapping service since it is a tacit admission of providing different quality of services while charging the same rate. We propose, VBoom, a cloud provider-agnostic system in which VMs can dynamically relocate themselves (via location swapping) in a cloud environment if the new location better serves the needs of the VM. We discuss technical and business benefits and challenges in building such a system. When location matters, we believe that through VBoom, real estate of virtual machines can be established in a completely market-driven fashion.
Process and Principles in Urban Design

Matthew Carmona's well-researched paper captures the complexity of urban design with its diverse actors and distinct sub-processes, all of which converge in built projects. His acknowledgment of th...
The Group Home Workplace and the Work of Know-How

This paper is concerned with the everyday practice of authority and knowledge in a group home for adults with intellectual disability. Based on fieldwork, the group home is understood as a workplace, which provides a model of organizational participation as a dilemma of freedom rather than a problem of power. Three kinds of work are observed in the everyday ‘know-how’ of counselors and residents. First, Michael Lipsky’s concept of “street-level bureaucracy” is used to understand the inherently indeterminate and conflictual nature of counselor work. Second, the competent participation of residents is also organized as work, often explicitly, as the work they must do to “become more independent.” The group home is therefore understood as a setting of governmentality because it reflects the indirect practice of authority characteristic of contemporary liberal societies. Finally, the ethnomethodological insight about the accomplished character of local order is the basis for the observation of everyday life itself as a third kind of work.
Josephson tunnel-junction electrode materials

Josephson superconducting devices of the tunnel-junction type have exciting potential for use in building ultrahigh-speed computers. We consider the properties of superconducting metals that are needed for such devices that would be used in integrated computer circuits operated at a temperature near absolute zero. Recent advances in lead-alloy thin-film materials are described that have led to substantial improvements in lead-alloy Josephson device reliability. The properties of a Pb 0.84 In 0.12 Au 0.04 alloy, of Nb, and of Nb 3 Sn are discussed as examples of three different groups of materials that are of interest. Investigations of lead-alloy and niobium devices have progressed to the point that it is evident that they have good potential for fabricating integrated circuits containing large numbers of devices.
EFFECT OF HYDROCORTISONE (HC) ON NEUTROPHIL CD14 EXPRESSION IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT(VLBW) INFANTS IN THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE. 1735

EFFECT OF HYDROCORTISONE (HC) ON NEUTROPHIL CD14 EXPRESSION IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT(VLBW) INFANTS IN THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE. 1735
Electron--phonon interaction and superconductivity in transition metals and transition-metal carbides

Using the results of self-consistent augmented-plane-wave band-structure calculations, electron mass enhancement factors and superconducting transition temperatures have been calculated for V, Nb, NbC, TaC, and HfC. Good agreement with experiment is obtained.
Abstract 2357: Novel transgenic animal model of salivary gland tumors

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: Salivary gland malignancies represent 1-2% of human head and neck cancers with approximately 3,300 new cases per year in the United States. Surgery is the best treatment, however must tumors are too advanced at discovery and are unresectable. Furthermore, many surgeries are not margin negative and thus they recur. In addition, advanced tumors metastasize, which makes them fatal. The lack of research tools and the limited number of cases per year makes it difficult for investigators to study the development and progression of these tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize a novel inducible mouse model of salivary gland tumors, which develops by the activation of oncogenic K-RasG12V. Methods: We developed transgenic mice with Cre regulated mutant K-RasG12D and a specific tamoxifen regulated Cre (Ela-CreER). Double transgenic animals and littermate controls were treated with tamoxifen over 3 consecutive days and after 3, 8, and 15 days they were sacrificed and analyzed histologically. Results: Tamoxifen fed animals with mutant K-RasG12D expression in the salivary gland develop tumors with intense fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Histologically the tumors resembled human high grade salivary sarcomas. Conclusions: Our results show the development of a new animal model to study the role of K-Ras in the progression of salivary gland tumors and could be a useful tool for future salivary gland tumor studies. In particular it should serve as a useful preclinical model to test for drugs against inflammatory response pathways induced by activated K-RasG12V in salivary gland tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2357. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2357
Migration of liquid drops in a vertical temperature gradient—interaction effects near a horizontal surface

Abstract Results are reported from experiments conducted on drops migrating in a vertical direction normal to a horizontal solid plane surface. Three situations were investigated—migration driven by gravity, migration driven predominantly by thermocapillarity, and migration when the gravitational and thermocapillary driving forces are comparable in magnitude, but act in opposite directions. In all three cases, the experimentally measured drop velocities were found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. Drops are influenced by a solid plane surface when they are as far away as 12 drop radii when motion is driven by gravity. In contrast, for motion driven principally by thermocapillarity, drops are affected appreciably only when they are within 3 drop radii from the surface. The increased resistance to motion offered by the solid surface leads to reduced drop velocities when motion is driven purely by gravity or predominantly by thermocapillarity. However, when gravity and thermocapillarity are comparable in their influence, but act in opposite directions, drops which are sufficiently far from the surface are found to move more rapidly in the direction of the temperature gradient than they would if isolated. This observation is consistent with expectation, and an explanation is given.
Natural infection of field-grown daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops by turnip crinkle virus in North America

In 1993, stunted field-grown daikon radish plants were found with black lesions on the petioles and leaf blades, and new growth exhibited leaf crinkling and a mosaic pattern on distorted leaves. The plants had hollow roots and seed production was severely reduced. Symptomatic plants contained isometric virions identified as those of turnip crinkle virus (TCV). This is the first report of TCV causing serious economic damage and the first report of natural infection in North America.
Economic Circumstances and Family Outcomes: A Review of the 1990s

This review documents the economic context within which American families lived in the 1990s. Despite nearly full employment and growing income and wealth for many Americans, problem areas included persistent racial gaps in economic well-being, growing inequality, and declining wages for young men. Women showed stronger income growth than men in the decade, and 2-earner households became increasingly associated with advantage. We review the consequences of these trends and of economic well-being generally on 4 dimensions of family outcomes: family formation, divorce, marital quality, and child well-being. Despite hypotheses suggesting that women's earnings might have different effects on family outcomes than men's earnings, generally the review supports the expectation that both men's and women's economic advantage is associated with more marriage, less divorce, more marital happiness, and greater child well-being. Important issues regarding measurement, reciprocal relations between family structure and economic well-being, and race and gender effects remain unresolved.
Effects of streptomycin on the hatching of Australorbis glabratus eggs.

Abstract Mature eggs of Australorbis glabratus were incubated in various inorganic salt solutions containing streptomycin, penicillin, both, or neither antibiotic. Penicillin had no adverse effect on eclosion. However, in certain salt solutions eclosion occurred except when streptomycin was present; in other eclosion occurred whether or not streptomycin was present; and in still others, eclosion was inhibited by the nature of the solution per se regardless of any effect ascribable to streptomycin. The data indicate that both the species of ion(s) and their concentration in solutions containing streptomycin are important in preventing the inhibitory effects of the antibiotic. Comparable results were obtained from experiments done under axenic and nonaxenic conditions, suggesting that the effect of streptomycin on the snail eggs is probably direct.
Hydro-climatic forecasting using sea surface temperatures: methodology and application for the southeast US

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are often used for the development of hydro-climatic variable forecasts based on teleconnection methods. Such methods rely on projections or linear combinations of teleconnection indices [e.g. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)] and other predictor fields. This study introduces a new hydro-climatic forecasting method identifying SST “dipole” predictors motivated by major teleconnection patterns. An SST dipole is defined as a function of average SST anomalies over two oceanic areas of specific sizes and geographic locations. An optimization algorithm is developed to search for the most significant SST dipole predictors of an external hydro-climatic series based on the Gerrity Skill Score. The significant dipoles are cross-validated and used to generate multiple forecast values. The new method is applied to the forecasting of seasonal precipitation over the southeast US. Hindcasting results show that significant dipoles related to ENSO as well as other prominent patterns at different lead times can indeed be identified. The dipole method also compares favorably with existing statistical forecasting schemes with respect to multiple skill measures. Furthermore, an operational forecasting framework able to produce ensemble forecast traces and uncertainty intervals that can support regional water resources planning and management is also developed.
Lymph node evaluation in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus lobectomy by thoracotomy.

Background With the emergence of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy, concern remains regarding the adequacy of nodal assessment versus thoracotomy. Methods All clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with VATS or open lobectomy were retrospectively evaluated. Total nodes, N2 nodes, and nodes at each station were evaluated for associations with surgery type and location of involved lobe. Results There were 79 VATS and 464 open lobectomy or segmental resections for stage I tumors. Overall, fewer lymph nodes were sampled with VATS compared with thoracotomy (7.4 ± 0.6 vs 8.9 ± 0.2, respectively; p = 0.029), and fewer N2 nodes were sampled with VATS versus thoracotomy as well (2.5 ± 3.0 vs 3.7 ± 3.3, p = 0.004). There were no differences in N1 node sampling between the two groups (5.2 ± 3.6 vs 4.9 ± 4.2, p = 0.592). Furthermore, there were more station 7 nodes with thoracotomy versus VATS (1.2 ± 0.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1, p = 0.002). Among right-sided lesions, there was no difference in 4R nodes between groups (1.4 ± 0.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.7) although there was a trend toward more level 7 nodes with thoracotomy (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 1.4 ± 0.2, p p p p = 0.05) and station 7 nodes (1.0 ± 0.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1, p p = 0.4). Conclusions Our early experience with VATS has been associated with fewer lymph nodes sampled compared with open lobectomy although there was no survival difference. Analysis of these differences has directed us toward a more focused lymph node sampling with VATS lobectomy.
Coxsackievirus A6-induced hand-foot-mouth disease.

Importance Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute, self-limited, highly contagious viral illness that commonly affects children younger than 5 years. It is most typically caused by enterovirus 71 or coxsackievirus A16 and results in asymptomatic infection or mild disease. Immunocompetent adults are rarely affected. Recently, there have been increasing reports of a more severe form of HFMD associated with fevers, joint pains, and widespread painful eruptions. Some of these patients required hospitalization for supportive care. These severe cases were most commonly caused by coxsackievirus A6. Observations We describe a 37-year-old white man with widespread, crusted, pruritic papules on the scalp, ears, and face and a purpuric and targetoid painful vesicular eruption on his hands and feet, with associated fevers, neurologic symptoms, and arthritis, who required hospitalization for supportive care. His infection with coxsackievirus A6 was confirmed based on polymerase chain reaction from his oral mucosa and cutaneous vesicle fluid. Conclusions and Relevance Dermatologists should be familiar with the severe variant of HFMD caused by coxsackievirus A6, include it in their differential diagnosis of acute febrile blistering diseases, and be aware that certain patients may require hospitalization.
A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)

The classification of the largest subfamily of leafhoppers, Deltocephalinae, including 38 tribes, 923 genera, and 6683 valid species, is reviewed and revised. An updated phylogeny of the subfamily based on molecular (28S, Histone H3) and morphological data and an expanded taxon sample (37 taxa not included in previous analyses) is presented. Based on the results of these analyses and on the morphological examination of many representatives of the subfamily, the classification of the tribes and subtribes of Deltocephalinae is revised. Complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, lists of the included genera, and notes on their distribution, ecology, and important vector species are provided for the 38 recognized tribes and 18 subtribes. A dichotomous key to the tribes is provided. All names in the taxonomic treatments are hyperlinked to online resources for individual taxa which are supported by a comprehensive database for Deltocephalinae compiled using the taxonomic database software package 3I. The online functionality includes an interactive key to tribes and subtribes and advanced database searching options. Each taxon (subspecies through subfamily) has a unique taxon webpage providing nomenclatural information, lists of included taxa, an automated description (if available), images (if available), distributional information, bibliographic references and links to outside resources. Some observations and trends regarding the history of taxonomic descriptions in Deltocephalinae are reported. Four new tribes are described: Bahitini tribe nov. (25 genera), Bonsapeiini tribe nov. (21 genera), Phlepsiini tribe nov. (4 genera), and Vartini tribe nov. (7 genera). The circumscription and morphological characterization of Scaphoideini Oman, 1943 (61 genera) is substantially revised. Eleven new species are described: Acostemma stilleri sp. nov., Arrugada linnavuorii sp. nov., Drabescus zhangi sp. nov., Parabolopona webbi sp. nov., Goniagnathus emeljanovi sp. nov., Hecalus hamiltoni sp. nov., Scaphoideus omani sp. nov., Dwightla delongi sp. nov., Abimwa knighti sp. nov., Gannia viraktamathi sp. nov., and Doratulina dmitrievi sp. nov. Some family-group level taxonomic changes are made: Platymetopiini Haupt, 1929, Anoterostemmini Haupt, 1929, and Allygidiina Dmitriev, 2006 are synonymized with Athysanini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Procepitini Dmitriev, 2002 is synonymized with Cicadulini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Listrophorini Boulard, 1971 is synonymized with Chiasmini Distant, 1908, syn. nov.; Adamini Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983, Dwightlini McKamey, 2003, and Ianeirini Linnavuori, 1978 are synonymized with Selenocephalini Fieber, 1872 syn.nov., and all three are now recognized as valid subtribes in their parent tribe. New placements of many genera to tribe and subtribe are made, and these are described in individual taxon treatments.
Endocannabinoid-dependent neocortical layer-5 LTD in the absence of postsynaptic spiking.

Long-term depression (LTD) was induced in neocortical layer 5 pyramidal connections by pairing presynaptic firing with subthreshold postsynaptic depolarization (dLTD) or via a spike-timing protocol...
Integrin-adhesion ligand bond formation of preosteoblasts and stem cells in three-dimensional RGD presenting matrices.

Cell-interactive polymers have been widely used as synthetic extracellular matrices to regulate cell function and promote tissue regeneration. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the cell−material interface. In this study, integrin-adhesion ligand bond formation of preosteoblasts and D1 stem cells with RGD presenting alginate matrices were examined using FRET and flow cytometry. Bond number increased with adhesion ligand density but did not change with RGD island spacing for both cell types. Integrin expression varied with cell type and substrate in 2D culture, but the integrin expression profiles of both cell types were similar when cultured in 3D RGD presenting substrates and distinct from 2D culture. In summary, combining a FRET technique to quantify bond formation with flow cytometry to elucidate integrin expression can define specific cell−material interactions for a given material system and may be useful for informing biomaterial design strategies for cell-based therapies.
Laparoscopic skills enhancement.

Background Laparoscopy requires a unique subset of surgical skills that, for the inexperienced, can significantly delay the development of basic operative skills. We hypothesized that learning laparoscopic suturing and knot tying would improve laparoscopic skills. Methods A laparoscopic training seminar for junior surgical residents was established to test this hypothesis. Emphasis was placed on laparoscopic knot tying and suturing. Skills were assessed at the beginning and the end of the course. Results All residents showed significant improvement. Dominant and nondominant hand skills improved by 30.2% and 26.9%, respectively. Two-handed skills improved by 58.6% and 30.1%. Overall scores improved by 28.9%. Conclusions A structured laparoscopic skills course stressing knot tying and suturing is an effective way to develop dexterity and significantly improve the performance of laparoscopic tasks. These improvements can be accomplished in a cost-effective curriculum that should enhance the surgical education of residents and speed the acquisition of competent operative skills.
Indices of empirical robustness

Abstract The article proposes a number of indices, taking values between zero and one, intended to measure data robustness of the inference on the given data set. These indices are based on repeated inference on the deleted samples and in some cases bootstrap samples, and thus are computer intensive.