cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine and O6-methyldeoxyguanosine in DNA by LC-UV-MS-MS.

The N-7 and O-6 positions of 2'-deoxyguanosine are the predominant sites of methylation by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), which is used to produce a variety of experimental cancers in animal models. Here we report the development of a highly sensitive quantitative assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography-UV-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS-MS) to measure N 7 -methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (N 7 -MedG) and O 6 -methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O 6 -MedG) in DNA hydrolysates. Since this assay was selective for deoxyribonucleosides, potential interference from methylated RNA was eliminated. Isotopically labeled analogues, [ 2 H 3 ]N 7 -MedG and [ 2 H 3 ]O 6 -MedG, were synthesized and added to the DNA hydrolysates as internal standards. In-line UV absorbance detection was used for the quantitative analysis of the native deoxyribonucleoside dG, and MS-MS was used for the determination of N 7 -MedG and O 6 -MedG. The limits of detection for N 7 -MedG and O 6 -MedG were determined to be 64 and 43 fmol, respectively. The limits of quantification were 0.13 pmol for N 7 -MedG and 0.085 pmol for O 6 -MedG. The stabilities of N 7 -MedG and O 6 -MedG were also investigated. Although O 6 -MedG was stable at room temperature for at least 11 days, the half-life of N 7 -MedG at room temperature was 2 days. Both adducts were stable at -20 °C. Calf thymus DNA and DNA from the livers of MNU-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were assayed using LC-UV-MS-MS, which was optimized for speed as well as for sensitivity. The levels of N 7 -MedG and O 6 -MedG in calf thymus DNA increased with MNU concentration and incubation time. The levels of N 7 -MedG and O 6 -MedG in the rat livers 2 h after treatment with a single dose of 50 mg/kg MNU were 95.2 N 7 -MedG/10 5 dG and 14.8 O 6 -MedG/10 5 dG. This LC-UV-MS-MS assay provides the sensitivity and speed required to evaluate the extent of methylated DNA lesions in animal models of cancer induced by the methylating agent MNU.
Stress induced leakage currents in thin oxides

Abstract Leakage currents introduced in the low-field, direct-tunneling regime of thin silicon dioxide layers after high-field stress are related to defects produced by hot electron transport in the oxide layer. From these studies, it is concluded that the “generation” of neutral electron traps in thin oxides are the dominant cause of this phenomenon.
New Record for the Freshwater Snail Lithasia geniculata (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae) in the Ohio River, IL, with Comments on Potential Threats to the Population

Abstract We report on a recently discovered population of the freshwater snail Lithasia geniculata (Ornate Rocksnail) (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Ohio River, IL, the first documented occurrence for this species outside the Tennessee and Cumberland river basins. We collected 14 individuals on 26–27 August 2008 from the Ohio River, near Mound City, Pulaski County, IL. All of the specimens collected were discovered on an exposed shoal after the river dropped ≈0,5 min a 24-hr period and had several (7–33) Dreissena polymorpha (Zebra Mussel) attached to their shells.
Variational Monte Carlo calculations of liquid /sup 4/He with three-body correlations

The first Monte Carlo calculations explicitly employing triplet correlations in the variational wave function for the ground state of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are presented. A significant lowering of energy is obtained, accounting for 75% of the discrepancy between previous Jastrow variational calculations and the known exact numerical results. An improved density dependence of the energy is obtained and the pair correlation function is sharpened leading to much better agreement with the exact ground state.
The crossover of phase transitions from NaCaF3 to KCaF3

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations on a series of 320 ion samples of NaCaF3 with specific amounts of randomly distributed K substituted for Na. Our computations used ab initio potentials with no adjustable parameters to calculate the short range interactions between ion pairs in these samples. Our results indicate the gradual crossover of the phase transitions from NaCaF3 to KCaF3. The polar state seems to disappear at a K to Na ratio of three.
Modeling the ultrasonic cavitation‐enhanced removal of nitrogen oxide in a bubble column reactor

A model study of the sonochemical removal of nitric oxide (NO) in a bubble column reactor is presented. The detailed model is developed to investigate the actual cavitation phenomena taking place during the absorption of NO. The expansion and subsequent collapse of cavitation bubble according to the theory of cavity collapse—initially developed by Lord Rayleigh and then improved on by coupling the energy balance equation of the bubble and the chemical reactions taking place inside the cavity to calculate the composition of different species formed during the collapse—are modeled. The model takes into consideration (1) cavitation bubble dynamics, (2) generation and transfer of oxidizing species from bubble collapse through reaction kinetics, (3) transfer of NO from gas to liquid, and (4) chemical reactions of oxidizing species with dissolved NO. The results of the simulations surprisingly indicate that the chemistry induced by ultrasonic cavitation cannot explain the absorption of NO beyond about 30% of the inlet concentration if the mass transfer is assumed to be the same as that in the bubble column without ultrasound. When experimental values of mass-transfer coefficients, calculated in the studies by other researchers (which are in the range of about five times the physical mass-transfer coefficient in a bubble column), are used, absorption up to 80% are calculated in the simulations consistent with experimental results obtained from the sonochemical bubble column reactor. The present model provides a framework on which more robust and rigorous models can be developed for the complex gas-liquid sonochemical systems and reactors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2397–2411, 2012
A data assimilative perspective of oceanic mesoscale eddy evolution during VOCALS-REx

Abstract. Oceanic observations collected during the VOCALS-REx cruise time period, 1–30 November 2008, are assimilated into a regional ocean model (ROMS) using 4DVAR and then analyzed for their dynamics. Nonlinearities in the system prevent a complete 30-day fit, so two 15-day fits for 1–15 November and 16–30 November are executed using the available observations of hydrographic temperature and salinity, along with satellite fields of SST and sea-level height anomaly. The fits converge and reduce the cost function significantly, and the results indicated that ROMS is able to successfully reproduce both large-scale and smaller-scale features of the flows observed during the VOCALS-REx cruise. Particular attention is focused on an intensively studied eddy at 76° W, 19° S. The ROMS fits capture this eddy as an isolated rotating 3-D vortex with a strong subsurface signature in velocity, temperature and anomalously low salinity. The eddy has an average temperature anomaly of approximately −0.5 °C over a depth range from 50–600 m and features a cold anomaly of approximately −1 °C near 150 m depth. The eddy moves northwestward and elongates during the second 15-day fit. It exhibits a strong signature in the Okubo-Weiss parameter, which indicates significant nonlinearity in its evolution. The heat balance for the period of the cruise from the ocean state estimate reveals that the horizontal advection and the vertical mixing processes are the dominant terms that balance the temperature tendency of the upper layer of the ocean locally in time and space. Areal averages around the eddies, for a 15-day period during the cruise, suggest that vertical mixing processes generally balance the surface heating. Although, this indicates only a small role for lateral advective processes in this region during this period, this quasi-instantaneous heat budget analysis cannot be extended to interpret the seasonal or long-term upper ocean heat budget in this region.
The Jade Ribbon Campaign: a systematic, evidence-based public awareness campaign to improve Asian and Pacific Islander health

Hepatitis B and its resultant liver cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Asians and Pacific Islanders (API). In the United States, the disproportionately high prevalence rates of these diseases in the API population constitute some of the nation's greatest health disparities. However, public awareness remains poor and public health efforts need to be strengthened. The Jade Ribbon Campaign is a culturally and linguistically targeted, evidence-based model programme for health communication to improve awareness among API. This model demonstrates that cultural competency does not simply entail a straightforward transfer of ideas, strategies, and materials from one culture or language to another. Rather, it requires a deep understanding of a target community, a multi-faceted approach, and the buy-in of diverse stakeholders, many of whom may not be in health-care-related fields. This paper discusses the Jade Ribbon Campaign as a model programme to illustrate the strategies and components f...
Comparison of Computer-Administered Harris-Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test with Standard Paper-And-Pencil Administration:

A comparison of raw scores obtained by two different modes of administering the Harris Revision of the Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test was made. Forty adolescents, 20 boys and 20 girls, computer naive and matched for age and school grade, completed the drawing test by the traditional paper-and-pencil mode and through a computerized administration. Employing an ABBA design to balance sequence effects, analysis indicated no significant correlation between the scores attained on the two differential modes for boys, girls, and all subjects. The application of computers in the assessment of perceptual motor indices and tests of figure drawings is discussed.
The transverse force on a drop in an unbounded parabolic flow

The steady flow in and around a deformable liquid sphere moving in an unbounded viscous parabolic flow and subject to an external body force is calculated for small values of the ratio of the Weber number to the Reynolds number in the creeping-flow regime. It is found that, in addition to the drag force, the drop experiences a force orthogonal to the undisturbed flow direction. When the body force is absent (neutrally buoyant drop), this lift force tends to drive the drop inwards to the axis, where the undisturbed flow velocity is maximum, i.e., towards a position of lower velocity gradient. In the case for which the parabolic flow profile is a Poiseuille flow profile, the lift force is given by the expression. \[ {\bf F}_1 =-6\pi\mu\epsilon U_0\frac{\alpha +\frac{2}{3}}{\alpha + 1}\bigg(\frac{a}{R_0}\bigg)^4{\bf b}F[1+o(\epsilon)]. \] Here a is the radius of the undeformed sphere, R0 is the radial distance from the position of maximum undisturbed flow U0 at the profile axis to the position of zero flow, e is the ratio of the Weber number to the Reynolds number, given by e=μU0T−1, where μ is the external fluid viscosity and T is the surface tension of the drop, α is the ratio of the drop and external fluid viscosities, b is the radial vector from the flow axis to the centre of mass of the drop, and F is a function of α and a dimensionless parameter dependent on the body force that is determined in the analysis. Reasonable agreement is found between the observations by Goldsmith & Mason (1962) of the axial drift of liquid drops in Poiseuille flow and the predictions of the theory herein.
Decompositions of multiply charged oligonucleotide anions

Multiply charged single-strand deoxyoligonucleotide anions fragment first by loss of a nucleobase followed by cleavage at the 3' C-O bond of the sugar from which the base is lost. Both steps are proposed to proceed via 1,2-elimination involving hydrogens from the sugar and to yield a stable substituted furan as one of the products. There is a strong preference for loss of charged adenine followed by loss of charged thymine. This tendency is strongly dependent, however, upon the internal Coulombic repulsion experienced by the ion. The position of the base in the chain is not a major factor in determining which base is lost first, except in the case of the base at the 3' terminus. The loss of the base at the 3' terminus tends to be disfavored, and this tendency may result in the more abundant loss of a charged thymine, for example, than the loss of charged adenine when the only deoxyadenylate present in the sequence is at the 3' terminus. Relatively small oligomers can be fully or nearly fully sequenced via several stages of mass spectrometry. Sequencing adjacent deoxyguanylate and deoxycytidylate residues tends to be difficult due to the much lower abundances of product ions formedmore » via reaction channels beginning with losses of cytidine and guanine. Multiple stages of mass spectrometry are facilitated by highly charged parent ions. 24 refs., 7 figs.« less
Nonuniformity Compensation Techniques For Staring Infrared (IR) Focal Planes

To utilize the full performance advantages of staring infrared imaging systems currently under development, it is necessary to compensate for the characteristic fixed pattern "noise" which is present at the output from these IR focal planes. Since many of the applications for staring sensor systems require low power dissipiation configurations, it is necessary to develop automatic non-uniformity compensation electronics which have much lower power dissipation requirements than conventional digital compensation techniques. This paper discusses the sources of the non-uniformities and describes the typical characteristics of elevated temperature staring arrays. An analysis is given which shows how detector/CCD electrical coupling techniques strongly influence the compensation implementation and finally a review of circuit configurations for the compensation function will be given which show that very low power dissipation circuitry can be developed which meet the performance power dissipation requirements.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Coordinated 1996 HST and IRTF Imaging of Neptune and Triton: I. Observations, Navigation, and Differential Deconvolution☆

Abstract On 13–14 August 1996, we carried out the first coordinated contemporaneous imaging of Neptune, using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) NSFCAM InSb camera to obtain high spatial resolution absolutely calibrated imagery at wavelengths from 0.2 to 2.5 μm. We used nine HST orbits to provide unique dynamical coverage of a single rotation of Neptune. During three orbits we obtained virtually simultaneous groundbased images. These data provide an extended range of wavelengths that sample the Rayleigh scattering regime, both strong and weak methane bands, and strong near-infrared hydrogen collision-induced opacity bands, from which strong constraints can be obtained on the properties of Neptune's cloud features. We developed very precise navigation techniques, which were required to achieve colocation of the observations from these different observatories. Technique advances include compensating for limb profile distortions by bright cloud features in HST images and dealing with a nearly invisible limb in the near-IR groundbased images. We achieved RMS center-finding accuracy of 0.003′′–0.006′′ (0.05–0.1 pixels) for HST navigations. To obtain the subpixel navigation accuracy of the groundbased images, we determined NSFCAM pixel scale versus wavelength and as a function of location on the detector, establishing a distortion correction equation for NSFCAM imaging. This permitted use of a navigation method based on offsetting from Triton, with which we achieved IRTF center-finding accuracy of 0.02′′ (0.1 pixel) RMS, and 0.2–0.3 pixels absolute. We developed a novel differential deconvolution method for significantly reducing deconvolution artifacts within the planetary disk and improving convergence properties for planetary cloud features, resulting in by far the most detailed groundbased images of Neptune yet obtained without speckle imaging or adaptive optics.
Experimental and Theoretical Analyses of Small-Scale Radionuclide Migration Field Experiments

Analyses have been completed which provide guidance for conducting radionuclide migration field experiments. Characterization of nonwelded tuffs and laboratory experiments defining dominant chemical phenomena were used to develop a model for describing migration in fractured porous rock. Criteria for obtaining optimum experimental conditions were developed in terms of the key variables dominating migration in a given rock type, namely the fracture aperture, distribution coefficient, and average fluid velocity. For simple dissolved species, which are reversibly sorbed, variations in fracture aperture and fluid velocity affect experiment results much more than variations in distribution coefficient. Therefore, the experiment should be designed to optimize hydrogeologic conditions rather than sorption properties.
RADAR REMPI: A New Approach to Detection, Spectroscopy, and the Dynamics of Gases for Combustion, Fluid Dynamics and Homeland Defense

Radar REMPI has the promise of remotely measuring atomic and molecular species with high sensitivity and high selectivity. High sensitivity is achieved through detection by microwave scattering. High selectivity is achieved through resonant enhanced ionization.
Tooth size of Ticuna Indians, Colombia, with phenetic comparisons to other Amerindians

This study reports on odontometric analyses of unadmixed, adult Ticuna Indians, Colombia, South America. This group is characterized by crown diameters intermediate in size relative to the known Amerindian range and, in turn, to the range in modern man. Sex dimorphism is absent in Ticuna tooth size; there is a strong retention of the M1 > M2 size sequence. The Ticuna are compared multivariately to other Indian groups reported in the literature, using the size and shape coefficients of L.S. Penrose. Tooth size clusters the groups into small, medium, and large-toothed classes, but does not yield a pattern attributable to known genetic or historical affinities. Shape coefficients distinguish Indians from non-Indians (Caucasian, Negroid, and Australian samples), primarily on the basis of I1–I2 proportionalities. Neither size nor shape discriminates between North and South American groups.
On the HIV incubation distribution under non-Markovian models

Abstract In this paper, some HIV incubation distributions of the HIV epidemic are derived under some general non-Markovian models. These results represent extensions of some results given in Tan (1993a).
Integration of SQL and XQuery in IBM DB2

Relational database systems have dominated the database industry for a quarter century. However, the advent of the Web has led to requirements for storage of new kinds of information in which the order of information is important and data structure can vary over time and from one document to another. These evolving requirements have given rise to Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a widely accepted data format and to XQuery as an emerging standard language for querying XML data sources. A set of extensions to the Structured Query Language (SQL) called SQL/XML enables XML data to be stored in relational databases, taking advantage of the mature infrastructure of relational systems and combining the advantages of SQL and XQuery. However, building a bridge between SQL and XQuery is challenging due to the many syntactic and semantic differences between the two languages. This paper describes how IBM DB2® deals with this challenge and provides users with a flexible system for storing and processing both relational and XML data.
La tarea de los flancos y la competición de respuestas: un instrumento útil para investigar una variedad de problemas cognitivos

ResumenLa investigacion ha mostrado que la interferencia que sobre el tiempo de reaccion se produce en la tarea de los flancos surge, al menos en buena parte, de la activacion incipiente de respuestas competidoras. El paradigma de competicion de respuestas ha hecho valiosas contribuciones en la evaluacion de los modelos de flujo continuo de procesamiento de informacion frente a los modelos de fases discretas, asi como en la comprension de los potenciales corticales evocados. Este paradigma se ha utilizado para trazar el campo atencional visual como funcion de las demandas de la tarea y se ha encontrado tambien util en el estudio de la memoria. Es prometedor en los estudios de categorizacion cognitiva y ha ayudado a comprender el efecto “igual/rapido” en los juicios de igual-diferente en tareas de comparacion. Actualmente se esta aplicando al estudio de las comparaciones disyuntivas.
244 - Oxidation of 1,4-NADH at a glassy carbon electrode: effects of pH, Lewis Acids and Adsorption

Abstract The effects of pH, Lewis acids [Ca(II); Zn(II)] and adsorption on the electrochemical oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1,4-NADH) at a glassy carbon electrode have been investigated in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation of NADH to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is highly irreversible and is only marginally dependent on pH; the initial charge transfer is indicated to be rate-controlling step. Oxidation of at least some of the NADH as an adsorbed species makes the oxidation more difficult, as does the presence of Ca(II) and Zn(II); the possible causes for this behavior are examined.
In vitro electrical activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus following splitting and masking of wheel-running behavior.

Abstract Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) were chronically exposed to constant light (60 lux) in order to generate a split rhythm wheel-running behavior. The animals were killed and coronal hypothalamic slices prepared for extracellular recording from the left and right suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Nine hamsters which exhibited a split in overt behavior also had bimodal peaks (280 cells) of SCN firing frequency (5.4 ± 1.1 and 5.8 ± 0.7 Hz); these peaks were about 180° antiphase. Two troughs in firing frequency were also apparent (1.8 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 0.5 Hz) and coincided with the projected time of wheel-running activity. Differences in circadian pattern of electrical activity between the right and left SCN were not observed. When wheel-running activity in 5 hamsters was suppressed with high intensity (500 lux) constant light, the SCN firing profile (154 cells) failed to exhibit a daily rhythm. Firing frequency was consistently high (5.8 ± 1.4 Hz) throughout the 24-h period. These results indicate that in vitro electrical activity of the SCN is related to overt behavior in Djungarian hamsters, in that high electrical activity occurs when locomotor activity is minimal.
Excitation of Plasma Waves by Two Laser Beams

We analyze the effects of (i) the nonlinearity of the large-amplitude plasma wave, and (ii) the inhomogeneity of the plasma, on the excitation of the plasma wave by beating two laser beams.
Isobaric analog resonances in the lead region

Abstract The isobaric analog states of the ground and low-lying levels of 205Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb were studied as compound-nucleus resonances in 205Bi, 207Bi and 208Bi by bombarding isotopically enriched targets of 204Pb, 206Pb and 207Pb with protons in the energy range of 11.00–16.00 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined by fitting the elastic-scattering excitation functions with optical-model plus isolated-resonance expressions. The elastic-scattering partial widths of the 9 2 + analogs of the odd-lead isotopes and the elastic and inelastic partial decay widths of the analog of the ground state of 208Pb are compared with single-particle width estimates determined from a realistic, diffuse-edged potential model. The sensitivity of the single-particle width estimates to the well parameters is discussed. The off-resonance yields to the 5 2 − , 0.570 MeV state of 207Pb and the 2+, 0.899 MeV state of 204Pb have been determined to be principally due to Coulomb excitation in the region of the ground state analogs of 205Pb and 208Pb. Destructive interference between the Coulomb excitation and resonance processes is observed in the large-angle yields to the latter two states. Striking elastic and inelastic-scattering systematics are seen in the formation and decay of the 9 2 + analogs of the odd-lead isotopes and in the decay of the related 5− and 4− analogs of 208Pb. Coulomb displacement energies and their isotope shifts deduced from the 9 2 + analogs are compared with the predictions of the uniform charge model as well as with a more detailed calculation using shell-model orbitals.
Self-consistent solution of Galitskii-Feynman equations at finite temperature

We solve the in-medium T-matrix equation at finite temperature including the off-shell propagation of nucleons. In this way a self-consistent spectral function for the nucleons is obtained. The results are compared to a calculation using the quasiparticle approximation in the T-matrix equation. Also the effective in-medium cross sections for the two cases are compared.
Measurement of atmospheric turbulence strength by vortex beam

An approximate expression of radius of ring dislocation as a function of atmospheric turbulence strength parameter Cn 2has been derived. It can be used to measure atmospheric turbulence strength, even in the strong turbulence regime.
Effect of circadian phase on context and cued fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice

We examined context-dependent and tone-cued fear conditioning during the activity and rest periods of C57BL/6J mice. Wheel-running activity was measured continuously as a marker of circadian phase. To control the effects of light on the response, the animals were kept in a skeleton photoperiod (two 15-min light pulses per day, indicating the beginning and the end of the day). Half the animals were trained and tested for context-dependent fear conditioning 2 h after the morning light pulse; the other half were trained and tested 2 h after the evening light pulse. Animals were tested every 24 h for 5 days to analyze the conditioned response and the rate of extinction. They were then trained for tonecued fear conditioning at the same time and tested for 5 consecutive days. A significant difference between the morning and the evening groups was observed in the conditioning level and extinction rate of context-dependent fear conditioning, but not in tone-cued fear conditioning. These results suggest a modulating effect of the biological clock on the context fear-conditioning pathway.
Moving Beyond the Pain: Women's Responses to the Perinatal Period After Childhood Sexual Abuse

Introduction: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA), a significant public health problem, affects 1 in 9 women presenting for prenatal care. Female survivors of CSA often experience posttraumatic stress disorder. Flashbacks of the trauma can interfere with a survivor's ability to get appropriate perinatal care. The purpose of this study was to construct a theoretical framework describing how CSA survivors manage intrusive reexperiencing of their CSA trauma during the perinatal period. Methods: Grounded theory was used to construct the framework of this study. Twelve women, aged 18 to 39 years, who were pregnant or gave birth within 12 months of the interview and self-identified as having experienced CSA were recruited. Open-ended interviews were conducted. Participants were asked to describe the CSA experience and how it affected them during the perinatal period. Constant comparison analysis was used to construct the framework. Results: The study framework depicts how pregnant survivors of CSA manage the intrusive reexperiencing of CSA triggered during the perinatal period by 3 processes categorized as reliving it, taking charge of it, and getting over it. Discussion: This framework suggests that survivors can begin to move beyond the pain of posttraumatic stress disorder, a mental health sequelae of CSA, during the perinatal period. Practitioners can use this framework to tailor interventions to the phase of the survivor's current experience.
Comments on Modern Physics

The state of physics, at the threshold of the modern era, in 1880, is briefly reviewed. The classical description of a physical event, as observed in Galilean frames, is outlined. The following experiments are discussed: aether drift (Michelson and Morley), propagation of radio waves (Hertz;Lodge), magnetic fields generated by motion of charge with respect to the aether (Roentgen; Trouton and Noble), and dependence of electronic charge to mass ratio on velocity (Kaufmann). The postulates of relativity by Poincare and by Einstein are stated. The effects of the Lorentz transformation on time and space, the nature of the four-vectors, potential, momentum and frequency, and the tensor electromagnetic field are reviewed. The Fourier spectrum of a physical event, which is localized in space and time, is described in order to illustrate the uncertainty principle the inherent limitation on the accuracy of determining a region in space-time that relates, through Planck's constant of proportionality, to limitations on the determination of energy within a given time and momentum within a given space.
Automatic predicate argument analysis of the Penn TreeBank

One of the primary tasks of Information Extraction is recognizing all of the different guises in which a particular type of event can appear. For instance, a meeting between two dignitaries can be referred to as A meets B or A and B meet, or a meeting between A and B took place/was held/opened/convened/finished/dragged on or A had/presided over a meeting/conference with B
The spectrum and clinical sequelae of human papillomavirus infection

Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease afflicting approximately 80% of the population. HPV infection is an essential factor in cervical carcinogenesis and cervical carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer among women worldwide. In addition to cervical cancer, other malignancies in both men and women such as esophageal, oropharyngeal, and anal cancer have been causally associated with this virus. Other gender-specific HPV-related cancers include penile, vulvar and vaginal cancer. HPV-16 is the most common HPV type associated with a malignant phenotype regardless of organ of origin. HPV-16 together with HPV-18 accounts for approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Other non-oncogenic HPV types including HPV types 6 and 11 are associated with over 90% of benign HPV-related lesions such as genital warts and juvenile respiratory papillomatosis.
Metacognitive Knowledge about Reading Proficiency: Its Relation to Study Strategies and Task Demands

Ninety-eight average 7th- and 8th-grade readers were assigned to one of four groups based on their own proficiency predictions (high vs. low) under two task demands (reading for essay vs. multiple-choice exams). Subjects read one of two folk tales, took the appropriate exam, retrospectively reported strategies used, and freely recalled the folk tale read. Results indicated that when scores on the essay and free recall measures were adjusted for prior reading achievement, the self-perceived high profi- ciency group performed significantly better than the self-perceived low proficiency group. There was also some evidence to suggest that students' perceptions of proficien- cy affected their choice of strategic activity. Implications of these findings for educa- tional practice and research methodology are discussed. Metacognition, according to Flavell (1976), refers to an awareness of and an ability to capitalize on one's own knowledge and thought processes as these are applied to some specific task. It is that general knowledge, then, which guides a reader in monitor- ing his or her comprehension processes through the selection and implementation of specific strategies to achieve some predetermined goal. Although the term metacogni- tion is relatively new, the reading skills to which it refers have been discussed since the turn of the century (Dewey, 1910; Huey, 1908). In an effort to separate two (though not necessarily independent) phenomena associated with metacognition, Baker and Brown (1980) divided metacognitive ac- tivities into different clusters. The first cluster is concerned with the learner's awareness
Torque control during pole-changing transition of a 3:1 pole induction machine

Pole-phase modulation is a method of adjusting the pole- phase ratio of an electrical machine. Based on this method, an induction machine has been developed to operate in either a 12pole-3phase or a 4pole-9phase configuration. A novel control scheme was developed to control the motor during the pole-changing transition allowing continuous torque production. During the transition the motor is controlled as two independent motors, using the same stator windings and iron core. This field orientation control based scheme requires the realization of two sets of independent current commands on the motor's nine stator windings. In addition, the two current sets have to be obtained from motor's measured stator currents. This paper presents a current transformation between two independent orthogonal reference frames and a nine-axes reference frame.
A nonmonotonic typed multilevel logic for multilevel secure data/knowledge base management systems. II

For pt.I. see Proc. 4th Computer Security Foundations, Franconia, USA (1991). In pt.I the author described a logic called nonmonotonic typed multilevel logic (NTML) for multilevel database applications. They also described various approaches to viewing multilevel databases through NTML. In this paper he continues with his discussion of the applications of NTML. In particular, the use of NTML as a programming language, issues on handling negative information in multilevel databases, and approaches for integrity checking in multilevel database systems are described. His work on NTML will be of significance to multilevel data/knowledge base applications in the same way logic programming has been to the development of data/knowledge base applications. >
Basis‐Set Quality and Basis‐Set Bias in Molecular Property Calculations

Quality measures for Gaussian basis sets are proposed that are based on principal angles between the basis set and reference molecular orbitals. The principal angles are obtained from the cosine-sine (CS) decomposition of orthogonal matrices and yield detailed information about basis-set convergence with respect to different regions of space. Principal angles for occupied orbitals show excellent correlation with basis-set errors in ground-state energies. Furthermore, ground-state bias in finite basis sets can be estimated from the relation between principal angles for occupied and Rydberg orbitals. Ground-state bias is observed in basis sets including extensive diffuse augmentation and affects the quality of computed molecular response properties. Principal angles and ground-state bias are investigated for the H-Ne atoms and a series of diatomics using numerical Hartree-Fock calculations as a reference. Convergence of ground-state energies and static polarizabilities is studied for the hierarchies of correlation-consistent and Karlsruhe segmented def2 basis sets including different levels of diffuse augmentation.
Mechanisms of subendocardial dysfunction in response to exercise in dogs with severe left ventricular hypertrophy.

The effects of exercise on regional myocardial blood flow and function were examined in the presence and absence of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in 10 adult conscious dogs with severe left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy induced by aortic banding in puppies, which increased the LV weight/body weight ratio by 87%. Exercise at the most intense level studied increased LV systolic (+87 +/- 8 mm Hg) and end-diastolic (+28 +/- 5 mm Hg) pressures, systolic (+85 +/- 12 g/cm2) and diastolic (+49 +/- 11 g/cm2) wall stresses, and subepicardial wall thickening (+0.18 +/- 0.05 mm) but reduced subendocardial wall thickening (-0.45 +/- 0.12 mm) and full wall thickening (-0.42 +/- 0.13 mm). This was associated with a fall in the subendocardial/subepicardial (endo/epi) blood flow ratio to 0.87 +/- 0.06 from 1.24 +/- 0.08. Subendocardial dysfunction persisted during recovery, at a time when transmural blood flow distribution returned to baseline, suggesting myocardial stunning. At the least intense level of exercise studied, the endo/epi blood flow ratio did not fall (1.27 +/- 0.14), but increases in heart rate (+73 +/- 8 beats per minute) and LV systolic (+35 +/- 8 g/cm2) and diastolic (+27 +/- 3 g/cm2) wall stresses were observed, and subendocardial wall thickening fell significantly (-0.21 +/- 0.08 mm, p less than 0.05). With anticipation of exercise, subendocardial wall thickening was not changed. However, subendocardial dysfunction was even evident after 10 beats, i.e., the first 3 seconds of exercise, at a time when LV pressures and stresses had not increased. After beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol, the most intense level of exercise was associated with lesser increases in systolic and diastolic LV wall stresses, heart rate, and LV dP/dt, and the endo/epi blood flow ratio was no longer reduced below unity (1.17 +/- 0.09). In addition, there were no decreases in subendocardial or full wall thickening, and myocardial stunning was no longer observed. Thus, the subendocardial hypoperfusion and depression in subendocardial wall thickening observed during exercise in dogs with LV hypertrophy was prevented by pretreatment with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Furthermore, the subendocardial dysfunction occurred rapidly, before alterations in LV systolic or diastolic wall stress or an alteration in the endo/epi blood flow ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Characteristics of Five Rhesus Monkey Kidney Cell Lines

SummaryFive lines of rhesus monkey kidney cells were established. Four of the 5 became more resistant than primary rhesus kidney cultures to wild-type polioviruses; the sensitivity of the remaining...
Live imaging and morphometric analysis of embryonic development in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

The ascidian Ciona intestinalis is one of the model organisms of choice for comparative investigations of chordate development and for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying morphogenesis and cell fate specification. Taking advantage of the availability of various genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and of defined cis-regulatory elements, we combined transient transgenesis with laser scanning confocal imaging to acquire and quantitate 3D time-lapse data from living Ciona embryos. We used Ciona tissue-specific enhancers to drive expression of spectrally distinct fluorescent protein reporters to label and simultaneously visualize axially and paraxially positioned mesodermal derivatives, as well as neural precursors in individual embryos. We observed morphogenetic movements, without perturbing development, from the early gastrula throughout the larval stage, including gastrulation, neurulation, convergent extension of the presumptive notochord, and tail elongation. These multidimensional data allowed us to establish a reference system of metrics to quantify key developmental events including blastopore closure and muscle extension. The approach we describe can be used to document morphogenetic cell and tissue rearrangements in living embryos and paves the way for a live digitized anatomical atlas of Ciona. genesis 43:136–147, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Female Violence Against Intimate Partners: An Introduction

This special issue addresses some of the contradictions found in the research literature on intimate partner violence. Much of this work is concerned with the problems of severely battered women. However, other research indicates that women can be just as violent as their partners. Articles in this issue begin to explore some of the ways that women express intimate partner violence and argue that there is more than one type of partner violence. Motives and other correlates of violence are examined and future research directions are outlined.
Modeling asthma exacerbations through lung function in children.

Background Formal economic evaluation using a model-based approach is playing an increasingly important role in health care decision making. Objective To develop a model by using an objective measure of lung function— prebronchodilator FEV 1 as a percent of predicted (FEV 1 % predicted)—as the primary independent factor to predict the frequency of adverse events related to the exacerbation of asthma on a population level. Methods We developed a Markov simulation model of childhood asthma by using data from the Childhood Asthma Management Program. The primary outcomes were the result of asthma exacerbations defined as hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and the need for oral corticosteroid therapy. Predicted monthly frequencies for each acute event were based on negative binomial regression equations estimated from the placebo arm of the Childhood Asthma Management Program with covariates of age, prebronchodilator FEV 1 % predicted, time in study, prior hospitalizations, and prior nocturnal awakenings. Results Simulated versus observed mean number of acute events were similar within the placebo and treatment groups. While the trial demonstrated treatment effects of 48% reduction in hospitalizations, 46% reduction in ED visits, and 44% reduction in the need for oral corticosteroid therapy at 48 months, the model simulated similar reductions of 49% in hospitalizations, 41% in ED visits, and 46% in the need for oral corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that longitudinal intervention effects may be modeled through FEV 1 % predicted to estimate hospitalizations, ED visits, and need for oral corticosteroid therapy in childhood asthma for planning and evaluation purposes.
Using discrete event modeling for effective computer animation control

The authors demonstrate a method for combining discrete event modeling methods with keyframe computer animation. The focus has been to study existing methods in computer simulation that can be used to aid the graphics community in their search for better mathematical modeling approaches for complicated systems. Such systems often contain discrete as well as continuous components and multiple models must be used to coordinate or control the animation. The authors discuss an animation of several articulated figures-the dining philosophers scenario-via the control afforded by discrete event modeling and simulation. It is found that multiple models consisting of discrete event and continuous components can provide an easier-to-understand description of a complex system. With the increased amount of physically based modeling research in the graphics field and the tendency toward more graphical realizations of model execution in the simulation field, the authors see a need to integrate methodologies from both fields. >
Facilitating collaborative knowledge construction

This paper describes a detailed analysis of a problem-based learning group to understand how an expert facilitator supports collaborative knowledge construction. The study examines the questions and statements that students and the facilitator generated as they traversed a complex conceptual space. The facilitator tended to use open-ended metacognitive questioning and never offered new ideas. His contributions built on the students thinking. These moves helped support deep student engagement with conceptual knowledge. Several specific strategies were identified that supported the goals of helping students construct causal explanations, reason effectively, and become self-directed learners. Studying facilitation in a face-to-face situation provides some guidance in designing support to use in an online problem-based learning environment; however, considerable adaptation is necessary as some facilitation can be built into the system but other facilitation may need to be done by a human tutor. Implications for CSCL system design for problem-based learning as well as preliminary experience with an online PBL system is discussed.
Proteome-wide systems analysis of a cellulosic biofuel-producing microbe

Fermentation of plant biomass by microbes like Clostridium phytofermentans recycles carbon globally and can make biofuels from inedible feedstocks. We analyzed C. phytofermentans fermenting cellulosic substrates by integrating quantitative mass spectrometry of more than 2500 proteins with measurements of growth, enzyme activities, fermentation products, and electron microscopy. Absolute protein concentrations were estimated using Absolute Protein EXpression (APEX); relative changes between treatments were quantified with chemical stable isotope labeling by reductive dimethylation (ReDi). We identified the different combinations of carbohydratases used to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, many of which were secreted based on quantification of supernatant proteins, as well as the repertoires of glycolytic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) enabling ethanol production at near maximal yields. Growth on cellulose also resulted in diverse changes such as increased expression of tryptophan synthesis proteins and repression of proteins for fatty acid metabolism and cell motility. This study gives a systems-level understanding of how this microbe ferments biomass and provides a rational, empirical basis to identify engineering targets for industrial cellulosic fermentation.
The Power of Black and Latina/o Counterstories: Urban Families and College-Going Processes

This article examines the diversity of practices utilized by working-class and poor black and Latina/o families to support their children's college-going processes. We employ the work of feminists, scholars of color, and critical ethnographers to critique the power undergirding the monolithic model establishing one entry point of parental involvement in urban schools. Then, drawing on data from a one-year critical ethnography of 27 black and Latina/o youth, we illustrate the ways counterstories expanded entry points of family involvement within the lives of black and Latina/o college-bound youth. [minorities, youth, college-going, family, counterstories]
Adaptive Language Modeling for Word Prediction

We present the development and tuning of a topic-adapted language model for word prediction, which improves keystroke savings over a comparable baseline. We outline our plans to develop and integrate style adaptations, building on our experience in topic modeling to dynamically tune the model to both topically and stylistically relevant texts.
Relationships of organizational frustration with reported behavioural reactions: The moderating effect of locus of control

The present field study was designed to examine the influence of organizational frustration and locus of control on emotional and behavioural reactions to frustrating conditions. Data were collected by questionnaire from 160 employees from all levels of a community mental health facility. As hypothesized, organizational frustration was found to be positively related to interpersonal aggression, sabotage and withdrawal. Subgroup moderator analysis supported the hypothesized moderating relationship of locus of control on the perceived frustration behavioural reactions relationship. These results suggest that persons with an external locus of control are more likely to respond to frustration with counterproductive behaviour than persons with an internal locus of control. The implications of these findings for organizations are discussed.