cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of long non-coding RNA expression with metastasis, drug resistance and clinical outcome in cancer

The therapeutic response and clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with the same cancer type and that receive identical treatment is highly variable to reflect the genetic heterogeneity within tumor cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are recently discovered molecules that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and represent a significant advance towards a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern cellular growth. NcRNAs are essential for the proper regulation of cell proliferation and survival under physiologic conditions and are deregulated in many pathologies, e.g., human cancers. NcRNAs have been associated with cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment response, metastasis and survival and include distinct subtypes, e.g., long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). LncRNAs have been linked to essential growth-promoting activities and their deregulation contributes to tumor cell survival. A prominent example is the Hox transcript antisense intergenic lncRNA, HOTAIR, that cooperates with the polycomb repressive complex to reprogram chromatin organization. HOTAIR expression is deregulated in a spectrum of cancers and HOTAIR expression correlates with patient survival. Here, we highlight emerging evidence that supports a role for lncRNAs in cancer with implications for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Learned Correctors as Technical Editors Specialization and Collaboration in Early Modern European Printing Houses

The technology of movable type in early modern Europe created new communication challenges (e.g., typographical errors) for book producers. These challenges were greater with books written in learned or foreign languages or about scientific or technical subjects. Printers experimented with different strategies to ensure correctness, but the best solution came from delegating jobs to specialists. Freelance scholars were employed by authors, printers, and booksellers to correct books before publication, and some of these learned correctors were early versions of technical editors. Their history may offer insight into current communication concerns, such as the role of learned correctors in our present technological age.
Asymptotic models for H2S absorption into single and blended aqueous amines

Asymptotic power series solutions for the mass-transfer enhancement factor for absorption of a gas component into a liquid where it undergoes irreversible instantaneous chemical reaction(s) with one and two liquid-phase reactants are developed in this work. The Pade technique is used to extend the region of applicability (accelerate the convergence) of the four-term asymptotic power series solutions. The resulting modified asymptotic expressions for the enhancement factor show excellent accuracy over a wide range and can be used to predict enhancement factors as low as 2 with an error of about 5% compared to the exact numerical solution. Predictions of these new asymptotic solutions are compared to the exact numerical solution. Predictions of these new asymptotic solutions are compared with experimental absorption data for H{sub 2}S absorption into aqueous methyldiethanolamine and H{sub 2}S absorption into aqueous mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine obtained in a laminar-jet absorber. The absolute mean deviations of the predictions from the experimental absorption data for the single and mixed amine solutions were 4.6% and 2.4%, respectively.
Sensitivity to Costs of Fighting versus Sensitivity to Losing the Conflict Implications for War Onset, Duration, and Outcomes

Nations differ in their tolerance for costs of fighting and in their willingness to make concessions. We use a bargaining model of war to analyze these sensitivities. Incentives created by heighten...
Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes neurodegeneration in mahogunin (Mgrn1) mutant mice

Oxidative stress, ubiquitination defects and mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly associated with neurodegeneration. Mice lacking mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1) or attractin (ATRN) develop age-dependent spongiform neurodegeneration through an unknown mechanism. It has been suggested that they act in a common pathway. As MGRN1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, proteomic analysis of Mgrn1 mutant and control brains was performed to explore the hypothesis that loss of MGRN1 causes neurodegeneration via accumulation of its substrates. Many mitochondrial proteins were reduced in Mgrn1 mutants. Subsequent assays confirmed significantly reduced mitochondrial complex IV expression and activity as well as increased oxidative stress in mutant brains. Mitochondrial dysfunction was obvious many months before onset of vacuolation, implicating this as a causative factor. Compatible with the hypothesis that ATRN and MGRN1 act in the same pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress were also observed in the brains of Atrn mutants. Our results suggest that the study of Mgrn1 and Atrn mutant mice will provide insight into a causative molecular mechanism common to many neurodegenerative disorders.
An algorithm for string edit distance allowing substring reversals

The edit distance between given two strings X and Y is the minimum number of edit operations that transform X into Y . Ordinarily, string editing is based on character insert, delete, and substitute operations. It has been suggested that extending this model with block (substring) edits would be useful in applications such as DNA sequence comparison. In its general form, the resulting problem is NP-hard. However, there are efficient algorithms when string edits include only character, and block replacements. We introduce a new edit model which permits insertions, deletions, and substitutions at character level, and also reversals of substrings. We present an algorithm whose worst-case time complexity is O(n2m) where n = |X| \le m = |Y |, and we prove that the average running time of the algorithm is O(nm). Our experiments on randomly generated strings verify these results. The main contribution of this paper is that we present an algorithm to find all possible reversals using a generalized suffix tree, which is fast on average.
The circuit topology for single-phase grid-connected system and the control technology on converters

With the continuously reducing cost of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation and the further intensification of energy crisis, grid-connected PV power technology obtains more and more application. The topology for single-phase grid-connected PV system and the control technology based on TMS320LF2407 digital signal processor (DSP) are summarized in this paper. The functions, such as operation, control and protection, are realized by DSP with its richer external circuits. The phase-shift full-bridge ZVS PWM converter is adopted in the first stage in this grid-connected inverter, reducing the weight and volume of this system, decreasing the switching loss by using soft-switch. The full-bridge DC-AC inverter is adopted in the second stage and the outputting current is controlled to synchronize to the utility grid. Simultaneously, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and anti-islanding protection function are included. At last this system is validated with strong credibility, high efficiency and good stability.
Increasing the effective interstitial resistivity promotes the escape of premature beats

Ectopic beats in the heart require a heterogeneous substrate to develop into dangerous, whole-heart arrhythmias. In this study, a 1-D monodomain computer model that incorporated local heterogeneity in both the interstitial and intracellular spaces was used to investigate whether increased interstitial resistivity could modulate the escape of premature beats given at different coupling intervals. Our simulations show that locally increasing the effective interstitial resistivity (ρ oeff ) reduces both the conduction delay and the dispersion of repolarization at the boundary between the poorly-coupled and well-coupled regions. Increasing ρ oeff also decreases the dependence of the conduction delay on the coupling beat interval. The interaction between microheterogeneity in the interstitial and intracellular spaces may increase the likelihood that premature ectopic beats will escape and trigger an arrhyhmia.
Beyond the Balanced Scorecard: Towards the Dynamic Balanced Scorecard

This article provides an overview of the traditional balanced scorecard in organizational decision making. It is argued that traditional balanced scorecard fails to capture the dynamics of inter-related variables of the business processes and the organizational systems. System Dynamics simulation based, “the Dynamic Balanced Scorecard”, is introduced as a strategic decision making and performance measurement approach. To demonstrate the structure and utility of the Dynamic Balanced Scorecard approach, we have presented the case of the dynamic balanced scorecard of Changi General Hospital Singapore.
Research Reservations: Response and Responsibility in an American Indian Community

Community action research among the Assini- boine and Gros Ventre tribes of the Fort Belknap Indian reservation in Montana was undertaken to identify the cul- tural grounds for innovative mental health service delivery. As an enrolled tribal member investigating these matters in my "home" community, however, I encountered a series of challenges and limitations emerging from respondent reservations about sharing personal experiences of difficulty and distress, and the perceived means for redressing these. Focusing upon a difficult interview with a knowledgeable tribal elder, I enlist sociolinguistic analysis—the study of communicative norms governing who talks with whom about what (and under which conditions)—as one crucial means to making sense of this complex research encounter. Similar analyses would seem necessary to ensuring the cultural validity of research conclusions in cross-cultural action research more generally.
JVD Silicon Nitride and Titanium Oxide as Advanced Gate Dielectrics

The principle and practice of the Jet-Vapor Deposition (JVD) technique for thin-film deposition will be introduced, followed by a presentation of the properties of ultra-thin JVD silicon nitride (designated SiN in this paper) as advanced MOS gate dielectric. Recent results on the JVD TiO2/SiN gate stack will also be presented
Activities of Poloxamer CRL-1072 against Mycobacterium avium in Macrophage Culture and in Mice

Earlier studies reported that certain large hydrophobic poloxamer surfactants were able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAI) in broth and to produce synergistic enhancement of the activity of rifampin. CRL-1072 was synthesized to have an optimal structure for antimicrobic effects and greater purity. Its MIC for MAI in broth was greater than 100 μg/ml. Surprisingly, its MIC for MAI growing in human U937 monocytoid cells was much lower, 5 μg/ml. A still lower concentration, 0.1 μg/ml, produced synergistic enhancement of the activities of clarithromycin, rifampin, amikacin, streptomycin, and clindamycin, but not isoniazid, against MAI infecting monocytoid cells. Mice tolerated injection of doses of CRL-1072 as high as 125 mg/kg of body weight. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the copolymer had an elimination half-life of 60 h and suggested dosing regimens that might produce therapeutic concentrations in tissue. In a mouse model of acute MAI infection, CRL-1072 significantly enhanced the bactericidal activities of clarithromycin and rifampin when it was administered at 1.0 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) three times per week. CRL-1072 given i.v. or orally also enhanced the bactericidal activity of clindamycin against MAI.
Antenna Arrays and Propagation Models for Advanced Wireless Systems

The development of advanced phased array antennas and new propagation models that address wireless applications in challenging propagation environments have and will continue to be a critically important component in the development of future wireless systems with applications in communications, radar, and Satellite technologies. In spite of the significant advances in these technologies, challenges continue to preclude their low cost, reliable, and high speed application in tough propagation environments including urban areas, UAVs, and other DoD applications. In this paper we describe some of the ongoing research activities at the University of Hawaii in the area of advanced wireless systems. In the antenna array design technology, two complementary antenna arrays designs will be described and the development of an ultra-wideband ground plane for foliage penetrating radars will be discussed. For the propagation modeling area, new models for characterizing indoor/outdoor transmission and for evaluating wireless coverage in urban areas taking into account the radiation patterns of the transmitting and receiving antennas will be presented. In all cases simulation results will be presented and validation with experimental observations will be included whenever available.
The Interpretation of Cellular Transport Graphics by Students with Low and High Prior Knowledge

The purpose of this study was to examine how prior knowledge of cellular transport influenced how high school students in the USA viewed and interpreted graphic representations of this topic. The participants were Advanced Placement Biology students (n = 65); each participant had previously taken a biology course in high school. After assessing prior knowledge using the Diffusion and Osmosis Diagnostic Test, two graphical representations of cellular transport processes were selected for analysis. Three different methods of data collection—eye tracking, interviews, and questionnaires—were used to investigate differences in perceived salient features of the graphics, interpretations of the graphics, and processing difficulty experienced while attending to and interpreting the graphics. The results from the eye tracking data, interviews, and instructional representation questionnaires were triangulated and revealed differences in how high and low prior knowledge students attended to and interpreted particle ...
The impact of long-term dietary pattern of fecal donor on in vitro fecal fermentation properties of inulin

Although the composition of the gut microbiota is of interest, the functionality, or metabolic activity, of the gut microbiota is of equal importance: the gut microbiota can produce either harmful metabolites associated with human disease or beneficial metabolites that protect against disease. The purposes of this study were to determine the associations between dietary intake variables and fecal short and branched chain fatty acid (S/BCFA) concentrations; to determine the associations between dietary intake variables and inulin degradation, short and branched chain fatty acid (S/BCFA) production, and ammonia production during in vitro fecal fermentation of a highly fermentable substrate (inulin); and finally to compare results from the fermentation of inulin with those obtained in a previous report using a poorly fermentable substrate (whole wheat; Yang and Rose, Nutr. Res., 2014, 34, 749-759). Stool samples from eighteen individuals that had completed one-year dietary records were used in an in vitro fecal fermentation system with long-chain inulin as substrate. Few dietary intake variables were correlated with fecal S/BCFA concentrations; however, intakes of several plant-based foods, especially whole grain, dry beans, and certain vegetables that provided dietary fiber, plant protein, and B vitamins, were associated with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA production during inulin fermentation. In contrast, intake of dairy and processed meats that provided cholesterol and little fiber, were associated with ammonia and BCFA production. Comparing results between inulin and whole wheat fermentations, significant correlations were only found for butyrate and BCFA, suggesting that regardless of the type of carbohydrate provided to the microbiota, long-term diet may have a pronounced effect on the propensity of the gut microbiota toward either beneficial metabolism (butyrate production) or detrimental metabolism (BCFA production). These results may help in the development of new dietary strategies to improve gut microbiota functionality to promote human health.
Native Speakers’ Production

This chapter explores the tone categories produced by native speakers . The experiment in this chapter addresses a research question: What is the production space of the four tone categories for native speakers? The purpose of the experiment is to explore the features of tonal production by native speakers. In this experiment, participants read a short paragraph, and then, four categories of tones are extracted from some syllables in the paragraph. The syllables are analyzed according to their four neighboring contexts .
Towards a General Rule for Identifying Deceptive Opinion Spam

Consumers’ purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by user-generated online reviews. Accordingly, there has been growing concern about the potential for posting deceptive opinion spam— fictitious reviews that have been deliberately written to sound authentic, to deceive the reader. In this paper, we explore generalized approaches for identifying online deceptive opinion spam based on a new gold standard dataset, which is comprised of data from three different domains (i.e. Hotel, Restaurant, Doctor), each of which contains three types of reviews, i.e. customer generated truthful reviews, Turker generated deceptive reviews and employee (domain-expert) generated deceptive reviews. Our approach tries to capture the general difference of language usage between deceptive and truthful reviews, which we hope will help customers when making purchase decisions and review portal operators, such as TripAdvisor or Yelp, investigate possible fraudulent activity on their sites. 1
An evaluation of medical residents utilization of tablet computers

Medical doctors received iPads to use during their residency training.Residents used the iPad extensively throughout their training.Three areas of iPad use were identifies: receiving information, inputting information, and collaboration.Significant differences exist between items in the clusters.We argue that tablets such as the iPad are a useful tool for graduate medical education and later medical practice. Today's medical students are digital natives who, for their entire life, have been surrounded by digital technology. Our research focuses on a tablet computer's usability in medical education, and the subsequent transfer from the classroom to the work environment. For a period of three years, all incoming pediatric residents at a large southeastern university were provided an iPad. At the end of the 3-year program, we surveyed the residents measuring perceptions of iPad use and satisfaction. Fifty-six (60%) of the residents responded to the survey. A statistically significant number reported an increased amount of time spent with the tablet throughout their medical education. Similarly, a significant difference exists between those who believe the device to be a necessary part of medical education versus those stating it would be nice but not necessary. We present figures detailing how three conceptual areas: receiving information, inputting information, and collaboration (consisting of ten different facets of the tablet's use) impacted their medical education. Residents throughout their medical education use the tablet extensively. There is variance in the areas where the tablet is the preferred tool versus a smartphone or computer. A clear majority of students expect to transition the tablet into their workplace upon completing residency. We argue a tablet is a useful tool for graduate medical education and later medical practice.
Radiation sensitivity and postirradiation growth of foodborne pathogens on a ready-to-eat frankfurter on a roll product in the presence of modified atmosphere and antimicrobials.

Intervention technologies including ionizing radiation, antimicrobials, and modified atmospheres (MA) can be used to inhibit the growth of or inactivate foodborne pathogens on complex ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches. However, the effect of these technologies when used in combination (the hurdle concept) on the survival of foodborne pathogens is unknown. The ability of ionizing radiation to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated onto a frankfurter on a roll product containing the antimicrobials sodium diacetate and potassium lactate in the presence of an MA (100% N2, 50% N2 plus 50% CO2, or 100% CO2) was investigated. The radiation resistances (D10-values) of the foodborne pathogens were 0.43 to 0.47 kGy for E. coli O157:H7, 0.61 to 0.71 kGy for Salmonella, 0.53 to 0.57 for L. monocytogenes, and 0.56 to 0.60 for S. aureus. The MA had no effect on the radiation resistance of the pathogens. During a 2-week storage period under mild ...
Hamlet, the Pseudo-Procrastinator

N view of the countless "solutions" to the paradox of Hamlet's conduct, the reader may understandably suspect me of crass boldness in adding a further comment. I take heart, however, from my conviction that even the most thoughtful of recent criticisms have not departed completely from the nineteenthcentury tradition which condones expedient evasions of one or more of the major facts. My purpose is to correlate these facts into an intelligible pattern of conduct. Neither the external problems that render close to impossible Hamlet's execution of vengeance upon Claudius nor the prince's bitter self-accusations blaming the delay wholly upon himself need be side-stepped or minimized; but the evasion or, at best, the distortion of one or the other has traditionally been the custom of the critics, since from the viewpoint of logic the two phenomena are strikingly incompatible. Dr. Ernest Jones, employing a tenet of modern psychoanalysis, goes so far as to argue that Hamlet procrastinates because of an Oedipus complex. Indeed, from the time of Goethe, the majority of critics have ascribed Hamlet's delay in avenging his murdered father to a weakness of character. But those more familiar with Elizabethan traditions have insisted that the delay is motivated by manifest external obstacles; they have stressed two main difficulties: Hamlet's orthodox doubt as to the veracity of the Ghost and, second, the complications of executing vengeance upon a heavily guarded monarch, against whom there is no tangible evidence of his crime. With the latter critics I concur in full, except for one thing-their custom of side-stepping or, at best, awkwardly explaining Hamlet's self-accusations of delay. The psychotic factors, I agree, are in no way responsible for Hamlet's delay in avenging his father; on the contrary, a not uncommon neurosis results from Hamlet's enforced inactivity and is the cause of his selfrecriminations, which, in view of the external obstacles to vengeance, are clearly unwarranted. Yet, as I shall hope to prove, they are perfectly intelligible-in fact, so intelligible that Hamlet's conduct would appear obtuse and unnatural without them. The two traditional schools of thought concerning the character of Hamlet are both unsound for the reason that each bases its interpretation on only a part of the important facts. The school that adheres to the principle that Hamlet's delay is internally motivated may be divided into three groups: the critics led by Goethe with his theory that Hamlet is weak-willed; those led by Schlegel and Coleridge, who maintained that the habit of meditation paralyzes the capacity for action; and those who have followed Hermann Ulrici's doctrine that Christian ethics, or moral scruples, are a deterrent to blood revenge. Whatever their basic differences of opinion, these critics have pursued a similar method of argu-
Ex vivo multi-modal multi-photon imaging of peripheral nerve regeneration induced by collagen scaffolds

Multispectral multiphoton microscopy of ex vivo transected peripheral nerves treated with collagen scaffolds of varying cross-linking is applied to quantify how biomaterial properties modulate the wound healing response and induce regeneration.
Clinical aspects of anterior pituitary failure.

Anterior pituitary failure may be idiopathic or secondary to lesions that damage the anterior pituitary gland or interfere with its blood supply.The clinical syndrome of anterior pituitary failure in adults is primarily the result of decreased production of one or more of several tropic hormones.With proper diagnosis and treatment, patients with anterior pituitary failure can lead practically normal lives.
Tuskegee’s Talented Tenth: Reconciling a Legacy

If, at the turn of the twentieth century, one wished to study the group that WEB Du Bois referred to as Black America’s “Talented Tenth,” Tuskegee Institute’s campus could have served as an ideal laboratory. Still, a century after Booker T. Washington’s death, scholars remain hard-pressed to reconcile the portrait of Tuskegee primarily as a producer of a submissive black laboring class with the school’s illustrious faculty and the progressive black movements, institutions and leaders in education, politics, architecture, medicine and other professions it spawned across the African Diaspora.
Interplay between the cell cycle and double-strand break response in mammalian cells.

Abstract The cell cycle is intimately associated with the ability of cells to sense and respond to and repair DNA damage. Understanding how cell cycle progression, particularly DNA replication and cell division, are regulated and how DNA damage can affect these processes has been the subject of intense research. Recent evidence suggests that the repair of DNA damage is regulated by the cell cycle, and that cell cycle factors are closely associated with repair factors and participate in cellular decisions regarding how to respond to and repair damage. Precise regulation of cell cycle progression in the presence of DNA damage is essential to maintain genomic stability and avoid the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations that can promote tumor formation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how mammalian cells induce cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. In addition, we discuss how cell cycle factors modulate DNA repair pathways to facilitate proper repair of DNA lesions.
Toxicokinetics in the National Toxicology Program.

Toxic responses to test chemicals are known to be dependent on the exposure route, the kinetic behavior of the chemical, and the dose used in the toxicology study. Therefore, knowledge of internal dose is indispensable for the interpretation of toxicology study results, for the facilitation of interspecies scaling, and for risk assessment. By monitoring the blood and/or tissue concentrations of test chemical and/or metabolites versus time after administration of study chemicals by different routes, the bioavailability and kinetic characteristic of test chemicals can be readily obtained. This data can define the so-called linear dose range using area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, clearance, or other related toxicokinetic parameters, and can also be used to predict the possible bioaccumulation under multiple dose regimes. Changes in kinetic parameters after multiple exposures indicate alteration in how the animal handles the chemical (e.g., that there was enzyme induction or inhibition). A recommended approach for conducting toxicokinetic studies generally involves three steps. Step 1 is a preliminary study, which uses a minimum number of animals to estimate the range of blood/tissue concentrations, the required quantitation limit for the analytical method, and the optimal sampling times for the definitive toxicokinetic studies. Step 2 is the definitive study and generates blood and/or tissue concentration data for calculating the toxicokinetic parameters. Step 3 is the toxicokinetic study conducted in conjunction with the toxicology study to determine the internal dose and the effects of age and continuous exposure on kinetic parameters. Examples of the application of NTP toxicokinetic evaluations were also presented in this chapter, demonstrating their use in the design and interpretation of toxicology studies.
The Evolution of New Technologies and Methods in Clinical Epigenetics Research

Abstract Clinical epigenetics research is a rapidly expanding field that investigates the contribution of epigenetic systems to human health and disease. Increasing numbers of clinical researchers are entering this exciting field and are searching for ways to include epigenetics in their work. Here, we review commonly used techniques to assay epigenetic marks, including methods to examine deoxyribonucleic acid modifications, histone modifications, chromatin structure, and noncoding ribonucleic acids. We profile classic methods going back to the 1970s as well as recently developed methods relying on next-generation sequencing technologies, highlighting their advantages and limitations. We review challenges specific to clinical epigenetics research and discuss how new methods development might overcome remaining obstacles.
High performance dual-band long-wave infrared focal plane array based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices

As requirements for infrared (IR) sensing become more stringent, demanding identification of the object rather than mere detection, imagers sensitive to a single waveband are no longer adequate in some applications. In these scenarios, the ability to “see” in multiple wavebands through a single infrared camera is indispensable. For terrestrial-based IR imaging, long-wave (LWIR) detectors are particularly suitable since the emission peaks of room temperature objects are positioned in the 8 to 12μm atmospheric window according to Planck's law. The state-of-the-art dual-band detector systems in the LWIR spectra are based on mercury cadmium telluride, though control of its spatial bandgap uniformity towards this wavelength regime can be challenging [1]. Type-II superlattices (T2SLs) enjoy a unique advantage because of the way its band-structure is determined. The electronic structure of the superlattice is controlled by the layer thicknesses, which is solely determined by the impinging rate of the group III element and does not vary much with the substrate temperature nor the flux ratios. Because of this, a wide range of cutoff wavelengths can be realized with great spatial homogeneity, which is of great benefit for imager operability and manufacturing yield, especially as imager resolutions increase.
Spin-mechanical inertia in antiferromagnets

Angular-momentum conservation has served as a guiding principle in the interplay between spin dynamics and mechanical rotations. However, in an antiferromagnet with vanishing magnetization, new fundamental rules are required to properly describe spin-mechanical phenomena. Here we show that the N\'eel order dynamics affects the mechanical motion of a rigid body by modifying its inertia tensor in the presence of strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This effect depends on temperature when magnon excitations are considered. Such a spin-mechanical inertia can produce measurable consequences at small scales.
Source properties of two microearthquakes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Abstract The source-time functions of two microearthquakes with magnitudes 2.1 and 2.3 at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are determined by using the deconvolution technique. P -wave seismograms of a smaller event with magnitude 1.6 in a nearby location are treated as empirical Green9s functions and deconvolved from the waveforms of the larger earthquakes by spectral division. From the time-domain analysis of the source-time functions, some of the source properties, such as the complexity and directivity, and some of the source parameters, such as pulse width, rise time, and source dimension, are determined. With a good azimuthal distribution of stations, the direction and magnitude of rupture velocity are estimated for one of the events. The rupture direction is about N85°W and rupture velocity is 0.75 V s , assuming V p = 1.73 V s . The result for direction agrees with one of the nodal planes of the focal mechanism. Our results indicate that there exist obvious variations in rupture durations for nearby small events with similar seismic moments, suggesting significant differences in the static stress drops. The stress drops of two events (1.5 and 16.5 bar) estimated from the rise times differ by an order of magnitude, implying heterogeneity of the stress distribution over this small area .
Ethanol’s Action on Brain Biochemistry

It is generally assumed that ethanol exerts its effects in the central nervous system (CNS) by perturbing the normal processes of information conduction and transmission. Using electrophysiologic techniques, one can directly assess the effects of ethanol on neuronal activity, and such studies have been performed (e.g., see reference 1). However, insights into the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol affects neuronal activity have, at present, been derived primarily from neurochemical assessments of ethanol’s actions. In the CNS, as in the peripheral nervous system, rates of neurotransmitter metabolism usually reflect the level of neuronal activity,2,3 and one can assess responses to ethanol by determining ethanol’s effect on neurotransmitter synthesis, release, and metabolism and/or by measuring the interactions of neurotransmitters with specific receptors in the presence of ethanol. The results of such studies provide the basis for this review.
Siderophore profiling of co-habitating soil bacteria by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

The chemical structure of organic molecules profoundly impacts their interactions with metal ions and mineral phases in soils. Understanding the sources and cycling of metal-chelating compounds is therefore essential for predicting the bioavailability and transport of metals throughout terrestrial environments. Here we investigate the molecular speciation of organic molecules that solubilize trace metals in calcareous soils from Eastern Washington. Ultra-high performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at 21 Tesla enabled fast and confident detection and identification of metal chelators that are produced by microbes that inhabit these soils based on screening for features that match diagnostic metal isotope patterns. We compared two approaches, one based on direct infusion using the incorporation of a rare isotope to validate true iron-binding features, and another based on separation with liquid chromatography and detection of isotopologues with coherent elution profiles. While the isotopic exchange method requires significantly shorter analysis time, nearly twice as many features were observed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS), mostly due to the reduction in ion suppression where major features limit the sensitivity of minor features. In addition, LCMS enabled the collection of higher quality fragmentation spectra and facilitated feature identification. Siderophores belonging to four major classes were identified, including ferrioxamines, pseudobactins, enterobactins, and arthrobactins. Each of these siderophores likely derives from a unique member of the microbial community, and each possesses different chemical characteristics and uptake pathways, likely contributing to fierce competition for iron within these soils. Our results provide insight into the metabolic pathways by which microbes that co-inhabit calcareous soils compete for this essential micronutrient.
Setting a Good Example? Examining Sibling Spillovers in Education Achievement Using a Regression Discontinuity Design

Using a regression discontinuity design generated by school-entry cutoffs and school records from an anonymous district in Florida, we identify externalities in human capital production function arising from sibling spillovers. We find positive spillover effects from an older to a younger child in less affluent families and negative spillover effects from a younger to an older child in more affluent families. These results provide empirical evidence that educational policies could create both positive and negative within-family externalities depending on the characteristics of the affected households.
Rectangular Body-centered Cuboid Packing Lattices and Their Possible Applications

We first introduce several sphere packing ways such as simple cubic packing (SC), face-centered cubic packing (FCC), body-centered cubic packing (BCC), and rectangular body-centered cuboid packing (recBCC), where the rectangular body-centered cuboid packing means the packing method based on a rectangular cuboid whose base is square and whose height is times the length of one side of its square base such that the congruent spheres are centered at the 8 vertices and the centroid of the cuboid. The corresponding lattices are denoted as SCL, FCCL, BCCL, and recBCCL, respectively. Then we consider properties of those lattices, and show that FCCL and recBCCL are the same. Finally we point out some possible applications of the recBCC lattices.
EHR-Based Clinical Trials: The Next Generation of Evidence

The nephrology community has been vexed by the dearth of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to guide the generation of clinical practice guidelines and wider health care policy ([1][1],[2][2]). Multiple factors have contributed to this problem, including the lack of adequate research funding,
Application of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) Protocol With an Adolescent Springboard Diver

This study presents the case of Steve, an adolescent competitive springboard diver. This diver, referred by his coach, received the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach for performance enhancement. The MAC protocol, originally written for an adult population, was used in modified form (under consultation from the authors) to ensure appropriateness for an adolescent population. Conducted in nine individual sessions, the intervention targeted abilities in attention and value-driven behavior to enhance focus, poise, and overall diving performance. Self-report measures of mindfulness and flow, along with objective measures of diving performance were collected pre- and postintervention. Results indicated increases in mindful awareness, mindful attention, experiential acceptance, flow, and diving performance from pre- to postintervention. This case supports the applicability of the MAC protocol with an adolescent athlete population.
A Formula for Plücker Coordinates Associated with a Planar Network

For a planar directed graph G, Postnikov's boundary measurement map sends positive weight functions on the edges of G onto the appropriate totally non-negative Grassmann cell. We establish an explicit formula for Postnikov's map by expressing each Plucker coordinate as a ratio of two combinatorially defined polynomials in the edge weights, with positive integer coefficients. In the non-planar setting, we show that a similar formula holds for special choices of Plucker coordinates.
Life Cycle Assessment

Born as a military accounting tool and adopted by corporate America to increase efficiency, life cycle assessment has matured into an indispensable method for environmentalists to quantify ecological impacts.
850. External Validation of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Score

Background Predictive scoring systems, such as the Pitt Bacteremia Score (PBS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II), can optimize clinical decisions and provide adjustment for confounding among patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB). The recently introduced MRSAB score demonstrated superior discriminatory ability in mortality prediction compared to APACHE-II and PBS, however external validation is lacking.
Replication study of ADOS-2 Toddler Module cut-off scores for autism spectrum disorder classification.

The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) has been regarded as the gold standard assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While clinical validity of ADOS-2 Modules 1-4 have been extensively studied, there has been very limited research examining the clinical validity of ADOS-2 Toddler Module. The goal of this study was to examine alignment of the ADOS-2 Toddler Module classification with clinicians' determination of ASD, with assessing cut-off scores for diagnosing ASD in toddlers. A total of 412 toddlers ages 12-30 months who received ADOS-2 Toddler Module as well as a best estimate clinical (BEC) diagnosis, were included in this study. ADOS-2 Toddler Module cut-off scores were determined using the appropriate algorithms (Algorithm 1 for toddlers aged 12-20 months and those aged 21-30 months with <5 words, Algorithm 2 for toddlers aged 21-30 months with 5 words or more). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess cut-off scores that optimized sensitivity and specificity when compared against BEC diagnosis. The selected cut-off scores were examined using frequency tables to compare ADOS-2 classification against BEC diagnosis. For Algorithm 1, classification statistics were optimized at the cut-off score of 12 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. For Algorithm 2, classification statistics were optimized at the cut-off score of 10 with an AUC of 0.96. The ADOS-2 Toddler Module classification is strongly aligned with BEC diagnosis. The optimal cut-off scores identified in the current study reflect the same results configured by the prior study. LAY SUMMARY: ADOS-2 Toddler Module has been widely used for the ASD assessment, but there have been limited research on its clinical validity. This study is the first replication of the ADOS-2 Toddler Module with a large independent sample. We examined alignment of the ADOS-2 Toddler Module classification with clinicians' determination of ASD, with assessing cut-off scores, and confirmed the clinical validity of ADOS-2 Toddler Module. Cut-off scores of ADOS-2 Toddler Module cited in the manual yielded best clinical utility for diagnosing ASD in toddlers.
ICU Follow-up Clinics

Survivors of critical illness face a range of challenges to recovery, including new deficits in physical, emotional and cognitive function, fragmented health care systems, socioeconomic burdens, and insufficient rehabilitation support. Critical illness is complex, and transitions of care over the course of recovery are many. Multidisciplinary ICU recovery programs such as ICU follow-up clinics can address specific sequelae of critical illness and critical care, and may promote better recovery. Many questions about ICU follow-up remain unanswered. Key components of ICU follow-up clinics, identification of patients best served by these clinics, timing, and potential disciplines involved may vary. Serial assessments may be required. In addition to intensivists, pharmacists, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, nutritionists, and social workers are employed in ICU follow-up clinics. Peer support may be integrated into or adjacent to an ICU follow-up clinic. The ICU follow-up clinic may be a setting in which to address or readdress goals of care after critical illness. Leveraging technology such as telemedicine to reach more patients and families may assist clinicians to address disparities in survivorship and overcome logistical barriers to attendance. The possible impacts of ICU follow-up clinics are myriad: readmissions, healthcare utilization, morbidity, and mortality are high after critical illness. Additional targets for ICU follow-up clinics include patient satisfaction, quality improvement, burnout reduction, and medical education. But, barriers to implementation and sustained operation of ICU follow-up clinics remain, and must be addressed both clinically, and through additional research.
Creating a Choose-Your-Own-Adventure Library Orientation: The Process of Using a Text-based, Interactive Storytelling Tool to Take your Orientation Virtual

When in-person instruction was taken off the table, a new virtual orientation to the library was needed. Striving to create a balance of informational and engaging content, this article describes the thought- and creation-process behind a choose-your-own-library-adventure game built with the online tool Twine, and includes feedback and revisions made based on the Fall 2020 semester.
Sheldon C. Reed, Ph.D. (November 7, 1910-February 1, 2003): genetic counseling, behavioral genetics.

Sheldon Clark Reed was born on November 7, 1910, in Barre, Vermont, and died on February 1, 2003, at age 92. He was one of the small group of geneticists who started their careers as biologists and later shifted into human genetics. In that second career, he became best known for his work in genetic counseling and his support for behavioral genetics.
Loss-Averse Preferences, Performance, and Career Success of Institutional Investors

Using survey-based measures of mutual fund manager loss aversion, we study the effects of institutional investor preferences on their investment decisions, performance, and career outcomes. We find that managers with higher aversion to losses choose portfolios with lower downside risk, increase their risk-taking more in response to poor past performance, and display a stronger disposition effect. Further, we provide evidence that managers who are more loss-averse have lower performance and are more likely to have their contracts terminated.Received December 3, 2014; editorial decision May 25, 2016 by Editor Andrew Karolyi.
Divinylcyclopropane‐Cycloheptadiene Rearrangement

The first documented report of a possible Cope rearrangement was probably that of Baeyer, who prepared eucarvone by hydrobromination of carvone in 1894. Although the transformation was briefly studied at that time, it was not until the 1950s that this and other Cope-type rearrangements received detailed attention. The thermal isomerization of cis-divinylcyclopropane to cycloheptan-1,4-diene was reported by Vogel in 1960 during his studies of the Cope rearrangement of 1,5-hexadienes annulated by a homologous series of carbocyclic rings. Scores of mechanistic studies followed this discovery upon the realization that the rearrangement could be related to the conceptually similar vinylcyclopropane–cyclopentene isomerization discovered a year earlier. It was also recognized that this rearrangement might be operating in the formation of cycloheptatriene from norcaradiene during photolysis of diazomethane in benzene. The topic received considerable attention in the 1960s, an era of mechanistic investigations of various concerted transformations. During the 1970s it enjoyed exploitation in many synthetic strategies, and the following decade the elements of this rearrangement were incorporated into tandem or multistep procedures in a preconceived manner. Many aspects of the various permutations of the Cope rearrangement have been previously reviewed. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanistic, stereochemical, and practical results in this area in the context of the evolution of synthetic achievements during the last 40 years. Also described in this chapter are the transformations of several of the simple heteroatom permutations of this rearrangement in order to render appropriate comparisons of various systems. A discussion addresses those rearrangements of cyclopropanes, oxiranes, thiiranes, and aziridine rings substituted with vicinal vinyl groups. Excluded from this review are rearrangements of those divinylsubstituted three-membered rings that contain more than a single heteroatom within the reacting manifold. Brief mention of these systems along with a guide to the literature is found in the last section of this chapter. The literature is covered through December 1990. Many of the principal researchers in this field have been contacted and many unpublished transformations have been included in the tables. Keywords: divinylcyclopropane; cycloheptadiene; rearrangement; mechanism; annulation; natural product synthesis; heterocyclic systems; scope; limitations; divinyloxiranes; divinylaziridines; divinylthiiranes; experimental procedures; Cope rearrangement