cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Propeptides of the Vitamin K-dependent Proteins Possess Different Affinities for the Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase

The vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase catalyzes the modification of specific glutamates in a number of proteins required for blood coagulation and associated with bone and calcium homeostasis. All known vitamin K-dependent proteins possess a conserved eighteen-amino acid propeptide sequence that is the primary binding site for the carboxylase. We compared the relative affinities of synthetic propeptides of nine human vitamin K-dependent proteins by determining the inhibition constants (Ki) toward a factor IX propeptide/gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain substrate. The Ki values for six of the propeptides (factor X, matrix Gla protein, factor VII, factor IX, PRGP1, and protein S) were between 2-35 nM, with the factor X propeptide having the tightest affinity. In contrast, the inhibition constants for the propeptides of prothrombin and protein C are approximately 100-fold weaker than the factor X propeptide. The propeptide of bone Gla protein demonstrates severely impaired carboxylase binding with an inhibition constant of at least 200,000-fold weaker than the factor X propeptide. This study demonstrates that the affinities of the propeptides of the vitamin K-dependent proteins vary over a considerable range; this may have important physiological consequences in the levels of vitamin K-dependent proteins and the biochemical mechanism by which these substrates are modified by the carboxylase.
Sobre o espaço e a profundidade

Translating from: STRATHERN, Marilyn. “On Space and Depth”. In: LAW, J.; MOL, A-M. (Eds.), Complexities: Social studies of knowledge practices. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. pp. 88-115. Copyright, 2002. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. translator: PRISCILA SANTOS DA COSTA technical review: RENATO SZTUTMAN, DIANA PAOLA GOMEZ MATEUS
Is overactivity the core feature of hypomania in bipolar II disorder

Background: Recent studies found that overactivity (increased goal-directed activities) may be as important as mood change (elevated and/or irritable mood) for the diagnosis of mania/hypomania (on family history and psychometric grounds), questioning DSM-IV-TR criteria always requiring mood change and listing overactivity among the other symptoms. The aim of the study was to find out if overactivity was at least as important as mood change for the diagnosis of hypomania. Sampling and Methods: A consecutive sample of 137 bipolar II disorder (BP-II) and 76 major depressive disorder remitted outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV by a senior clinical and research psychiatrist in a private practice. Patients were asked if they had had hypomanic symptoms and episodes, and which were the most common hypomanic symptoms during the various episodes. The study aim had not been planned when variables were collected for different study goals. Results: Overactivity was the most common hypomanic symptom in BP-II, more common than elevated mood, and had the strongest association with BP-II among all the hypomanic symptoms (overactivity odds ratio = 15.4, elevated mood odds ratio = 12.6). Three factors were found: an ‘elevated mood’ factor including elevated mood and increased self-esteem; a ‘mental activation’ factor including racing/crowded thoughts, and a ‘behavioral activation’ factor including overactivity. There was no relationship between overactivity and mood change. Irritable mood was not associated with overactivity and elevated mood. BP-II was present in 21.6%of patients without a history of overactivity, and in 81.0% of patients with a history of overactivity. BP-II was present in 25.0% of patients without elevated mood, and in 63.3% of patients with elevated mood. As a predictor of BP-II, overactivity had a sensitivity of 90.5%, a specificity of 61.8%, and a positive predictive value of 81.0% (elevated mood: 72.2, 82.8, and 88.3%, respectively). Five or more hypomanic symptoms had the most balanced combination of sensitivity (82.4%) and specificity (85.5%) for BP-II, and a positive predictive value of 91.1%. Overactivity was present in 89.5% of patients with a history of ≧5 hypomanic symptoms, while elevated mood was present in 76.6%. Conclusions: Theresults seem to support the view that overactivity may be a core feature of hypomania, suggesting the upgrading of overactivity to a stem criterion for hypomania.
Hypertension: Spectrum of problems and guidelines for management

Hypertensive patients may present to the emergency department with one of three general problems: high blood pressure due to labile hypertension, chronic hypertension, accelerated hypertension, or a hypertensive emergency; side effects from antihypertensive drugs; or acute medical or surgical illness whose management may be affected by hypertension or by drugs taken for hypertension. We describe these problems and recommend an approach to each that is appropriate in the emergency department.
Shadowing and the diffusionless limit in fast dynamo theory

This paper addresses the question of how the zero and small diffusivity solutions to the kinematic magnetic induction equation are related. It is shown that, in the case of perturbed linear toral automorphisms, hyperbolicity properties allow a connection between the zero diffusivity Cauchy solution and the non-zero diffusivity Wiener ensemble solution using shadowing theory. A formula is derived that calculates over finite times the small diffusivity magnetic field in terms of the local zero diffusivity magnetic field by averaging against a Gaussian density with variance proportional to diffusivity. For linear toral automorphisms, it is proven that the infinite time fast dynamo growth rate can be calculated using a local Cauchy flux average in agreement with a conjecture by Finn and Ott (1988).
The use of amnestic and nonamnestic composite measures at different thresholds in the neuropsychological diagnosis of MCI

Both amnestic and nonamnestic deficits have been observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Most studies have focused on impairment on single cognitive tests rather than amalgamation of the results of several measures to arrive at a composite impairment index. In this investigation, we examined 20 MCI patients diagnosed as prodromal Alzheimer's disease, AD (mean Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE = 26.1; SD = 1.7) and determined the extent to which they could be differentiated from 70 normal elderly controls based on composite measures at 1.5-SD and 2.0-SD cutoffs for impairment. At the 1.5-SD cutoff, the median number of memory indices impaired in the MCI-AD group was 5 of 7, whereas at the 2.0-SD cutoff, the median number was 4 of 7. A median of 3 of 7 and 2 of 7 nonmemory indices were impaired at 1.5- and 2.0-SD cutoffs for impairment. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses indicated that the total number of memory tests impaired at 2.0 SD (sensitivity = 95.0%/specificity = 84.3%) and the composite measure of both impaired memory and nonmemory measures (sensitivity of 85.0%/specificity of 100%) had high levels of discrimination and may have utility as indices of early impairment as well as severity of MCI.
Quadrupole moments as measures of electron correlation in two-electron atoms.

We have calculated quadrupole moments, ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{z}\mathit{z}}$, of helium in several of its doubly excited states and in two of its singly excited Rydberg states, and of the alkaline-earth atoms Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba in their ground and low-lying excited states. The calculations use well-converged, frozen-core configuration-interaction (CI) wave functions and, for interpretive purposes, Hartree-Fock (HF) atomic wave functions and single-term, optimized, molecular rotor-vibrator (RV) wave functions. The quadrupole moments calculated using RV wave functions serve as a test of the validity of the correlated, moleculelike model, which has been used to describe the effects of electron correlation in these two-electron and pseudo-two-electron atoms. Likewise, the quadrupole moments calculated with HF wave functions test the validity of the independent-particle model. In addition to their predictive use and their application to testing simple models, the quadrupole moments calculated with CI wave functions reveal previously unavailable information about the electronic structure of these atoms. Experimental methods by which these quadrupole moments might be measured are also discussed. The quadrupole moments computed from CI wave functions are presented as predictions; measurements of ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{z}\mathit{z}}$ have been made for only two singly excited Rydberg states of He, and a value of ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{z}\mathit{z}}$ has been computed previously for only one of the states reported here. We present these results in the hope of stimulating others to measure some of these quadrupole moments.
Can we understand the molecule in molecular electronics

Using molecules as individual components in electronic devices promises the ultimate in miniaturization coupled with the flexibility of organic synthesis to tune the individual component. Examination of metal/molecule/metal junctions show that organic functionality has little effect on the conductivity and rectification behavior of molecular electronic junctions, thus questioning the possible tunability of molecular electronic devices.
Replicator–mutator equation, universality property and population dynamics of learning

Replicator-mutator equation is used to describe the dynamics of complex adaptive systems in population genetics, biochemistry and models of language learning. We study "localized", or "coherent", solutions, which are especially relevant in the context of learning and correspond to the existence of a predominant language in the population. There is a coherence threshold for learning fidelity, above which coherent communication can be maintained. We prove the following surprising universality property of coherence threshold: for typical realizations of random coefficients in the fitness matrix, the value of the coherence threshold does not depend on the size of the system.
Clinicopathology and Outcomes for Mucinous and Signet Ring Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Analysis from the National Cancer Data Base

We evaluated clinical features and survival outcomes among patients with signet ring and mucinous histologies of colorectal adenocarcinoma by using data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Patients aged 18–90 years with colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2002 were identified from the NCDB. Site-stratified (colon vs. rectum) survival analysis was performed by multivariate relative survival adjusted for multiple clinicopathologic and treatment variables. The study included 244,794 patients: 25,546 (10%) with mucinous, 2,260 (1%) with signet ring, and 216,988 (89%) with nonmucinous, non–signet ring adenocarcinoma. Mucinous and signet ring cancers were more frequently right-sided (60% and 62%, respectively) than were nonmucinous, non–signet ring adenocarcinomas (42%, P < 0.001). Signet ring histology was associated with a higher stage (P < 0.001), and 77.2% of signet ring tumors were high-grade lesions, compared with 20% of mucinous and 17% of non–signet ring, nonmucinous adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, signet ring histology was independently associated with higher risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.51, and HR 1.57, CI 1.38–1.77, for tumors located in the colon and rectum, respectively]. Mucinous tumors of the rectum (HR 1.22, CI 1.16–1.29), but not the colon (HR 1.03, CI 1.00–1.06), were associated with increased risk of death. Signet ring cell adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum and mucinous adenocarcinomas of the rectum are associated with poorer survival. These aggressive histologic variants of colorectal adenocarcinoma should be targeted for research initiatives to improve outcomes.
Morphologische Beiträge zur Wirkung der Bromide sowie der Zufuhr großer Salzmengen auf das Zentralnervensystem

1. Vergiftet man Tiere mit Bromiden (subkutan oder peroral), legt man ihre Gehirne in kochsalzhaltiges Formol und behandelt sie weiter nach derRamon y Cajalschen Goldsublimatmethode, so ergeben sich Bilder, die eine Lokalisation der Bromide wenigstens an der protoplasmatischen Glia gestatten.
Laparoscopic removal of a benign pelvic retroperitoneal dermoid cyst

Retroperitoneal tumors are rare, often malignant, and difficult to diagnose. Surgical removal is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We believe this to be the first report of laparoscopic removal of a benign pelvic retroperitoneal dermoid cyst from the right pararectal and presacral areas. Iatrogenic enterocele was prevented by laparoscopic suturing and knot tying to perform a modified McCall culdoplasty. The excellent outcome of this case suggests that laparoscopic management should be considered for carefully selected benign retroperitoneal tumors.
The professionalism movement: pausing and reflecting are essential.

(2004). The Professionalism Movement: Pausing and Reflecting Are Essential. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 38-40.
Simulation methods for protein structure fluctuations.

Three numerical techniques for generating thermally accessible configurations of globular proteins are considered; these techniques are the molecular dynamics method, the Metropolis Monte Carlo method, and a modified Monte Carlo method which takes account of the forces acting on the protein atoms. The molecular dynamics method is shown to be more efficient than either of the Monte Carlo methods. Because it may be necessary to use Monte Carlo methods in certain important types of sampling problems, the behavior of these methods is examined in some detail. It is found that an acceptance ratio close to 1/6 yields optimum efficiency for the Metropolis method, in contrast to what is often assumed. This result, together with the overall inefficiency of the Monte Carlo methods, appears to arise from the anisotropic forces acting on the protein atoms due to their covalent bonding. Possible ways of improving the Monte Carlo methods are suggested.
Polymerization of single-phase microemulsions: Dependence of polymer morphology on microemulsion structure

Polymerization of monomer-containing single-phase Winsor-IV microemulsions was studied and the morphology of the polymer obtained was found to be related to the structure of the microemulsion. The hydrophobic component of the microemulsions was formed with methyl methacrylate together with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Methacrylic acid was found to be effective as a polymerizable cosurfactant and was used in formulating the microemulsions, together with sodium dodecyl sulfate which was used as the surfactant. The structure of the single-phase microemulsion was found to vary with change in composition of the system. At concentrations of aqueous surfactant solution below 20%, a droplet structure of water in oil (W/O) existed. Inferential evidence indicated the formation of a bicontinuous structure at aqueous surfactant solution concentrations between 20% and 80%. In the case of aqueous surfactant solution concentrations above 80%, a droplet structure of oil in water (O/W) was obtained. On polymerization, the microemulsions having a W/O droplet structure yielded solids with a closed-cell porous structure. Open-cell porous polymeric solids were obtained by the polymerization of microemulsions with a bicontinuous structure. Stable polymer latices could be formed by polymerization of microemulsions with an O/W droplet structure.
Photometry of Late Dwarf Stars

Multicolor broadband photometry is presented for 146 stars. For many of the stars, a comparison of photometric and trigonometric parallaxes is discussed.
Substance P and somatostatin content and transport in the vagus and sciatic nerves of the aging Fischer 344 rat.

The two widely distributed neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SS), are synthesized in cell bodies of the sensory ganglia of the vagus and sciatic nerves and transported bidirectionally towards the central nervous system and sites of sensory innervation. In this study, the content of both peptides was measured in the vagus and sciatic nerves of Fischer 344 rats aged 4, 12 and 25 months. In addition, as an indicator of biosynthesis within the sensory ganglia, the quantity of neuropeptide transported during 22 hours in a peripheral orthograde direction was measured using the ligation technique in animals aged 12, 18 and 25 months. The content and transported quantity of SP was unchanged or slightly increased in both nerves as a function of age. Somatostatin content was unchanged and transport increased in the vagus of older rats. In contrast, in the sciatic nerve, SS content was reduced by more than 30% in older rats (p
Phase-Sensitive Sum-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy and Its Application to Studies of Interfacial Alkyl Chains

The first general phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) was described, which recovers the phase information lost in conventional SFVS measurements. Using a self-assembled monolayer, we demonstrated that this novel technique measures the absolute orientation of surface molecular moieties and is very powerful in resolving spectral features.
Transcriptional regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in murine macrophages: role of interferon regulatory factors 1 (IRF-1) and 2 (IRF-2)

Activation of TLRs is most closely associated with induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression; however, expression of many other genes, including the TLR genes themselves, has also been shown to be modulated following TLR engagement. A large family of nuclear transcription factors, the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), have been implicated in TLR signaling leading to pro-inflammatory gene expression. Given that IRF-1 and IRF-2 counter-regulate the transcriptional activity of many genes, we hypothesized that IRF-1 and IRF-2 might also regulate TLR gene expression following LPS stimulation of murine macrophages. mRNA derived from medium- or LPS-treated primary peritoneal macrophages was analyzed for TLR gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR. In wild-type macrophages, LPS up-regulated expression of TLRs 1-3 and 6-9 steady-state mRNA, while TLR4 mRNA was modestly down-regulated. IRF-2(-/-) macrophages responded to LPS with dysregulated expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 mRNA, whereas IRF-1 deficiency dampened LPS-induced mRNA expression for TLR3, TLR6, and TLR9. Functional studies revealed aberrant TLR3 signaling in IRF-2(-/-) macrophages. Collectively, these findings reveal an additional level of complexity associated with TLR transcriptional regulation and suggest that the trans-acting factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, contribute to the innate immune response to infections by regulating TLR gene expression.
Rat Cell Surface Antigens: Nonidentity of the H-4 and Ag-F Traits

Animals partially congenic to Lewis have been bred that differ at the locus, linked to C., which controls the Ag-F antigenic trait. Skin grafts from these animals, placed on Lewis recipients, were not rejected. This result demonstrates that Ag-F does not mediate skin incompatibility and, thus, is distinct from H-4, which was defined based on a demonstrable incompatibility and which is also linked to C.
Transport of bromide and other inorganic ions by infiltrating storm water beneath a farmland plot

A hydrogeochemical study in the clay-soil mantled portion of a karst terrane in southern Indiana demonstrated preferential flow of soil water through macropore structures that are of higher permeability than the soil matrix. Variable transport of several inorganic ions, such as Cl{sup {minus}}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}, Na{sup +}, Ca{sup ++}, and Mg{sup ++}, through the unsaturated zone was observed immediately after a major storm event in April, 1992. A KBr salt spray experiment during the storm led to recovery of bromide, a nonreactive, conservative ion, at a depth of 10 ft within 24 hours after the storm. The observed Br{sup {minus}} transport rate (5 in/hr) is approximately six times greater than the expected rate of transport in the absence of preferential flow. Temporal changes in cation to anion ratios demonstrated that anions are more mobile due to the process of anionic exclusion which drives more anions out of the clay matrix whereas cations are attenuated by adsorption on the clay particles due to their charge differences. In the absence of storm-water infiltration, the ion transport proceeds largely by matrix flow of soil water. The storm event also initiated considerable mixing of ground water through lateral flow within the aquifer. Themore » ions, such as Cl{sup {minus}}, NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, Ca{sup ++}, and Mg{sup ++}, showed immediate dilution by storm water. Subsequently, ion concentrations in the aquifer increased to the initial level because of reequilibrium with soil matrix water released from the lower part of the unsaturated zone.« less
Thermal instability of a viscosity stratified fluid layer heated from below

T HE stability of a fluid layer, under Boussinesq's approximation with viscosity n ( z ) heated from below between two parallel planes (at z = 0 and 1) is investigated under linear theory by the normal mode technique. The theoretical foundations for the correct interpretation of the problem of the onset of thermal instability in horizontal layers of fluid heated from below were laid by Rayleigh in a fundamental paper. He proved that the principle of the exchange of stabilities is valid for this problem for the case of two nondeformable free boundaries. The proof for the general case is due to Pellew and South well. 2 They also proved the existence of a variational principle. Many authors, " after that, have discussed the stability of a fluid layer heated from below. All the authors have considered the viscosity to be constant. For the nonheatconducting, density, and viscosity stratified fluid, Chandrasekhar, 7 Hide, and Fan have made an analytical treatment of its stability. Banerjee and Kalthia 10 obtained some bounds for the growth rate of arbitrary small disturbances, and a sufficient condition for the stability. Chandra has modified their results, by relaxing the condition on the sign of D^. In this Note, the viscosity of the fluid is taken to be stratified in the vertical direction. It is proved that the transition from stability to instability must occur via the stationary state, and the solution of the characteristic value problem at the marginal state can be expressed in terms of variational principles. Critical Rayleigh number is obtained from the first-order solution to the eigenvalue problem. Consider a steady thermally stratified viscous fluid layer between two horizontal boundaries at z = 0 and d, which are maintained at constant temperatures T0 and Tj, respectively. Following the usual procedure of linearization of perturbation equations, assuming the functional dependence of the perturbed quantities on time and space coordinates of the form
A New Toxicant Occurring Naturally in Certain Samples of Plant Foodstuffs VII. Low Hatchability Due to Deformities in Chicks Produced from Eggs Obtained from Chickens of Known History

Abstract THE production of monsters (teratoes) in eggs produced by hens raised in localities where low hatchability was a regular occurrence has been discussed in a former publication (Franke and Tully, 1935). The effect of toxic grain, believed to be responsible for these monsters, on the growth of chicks of known stock was reported in another publication (Tully and Franke, 1935). In addition to hindering growth it was shown that 65 percent of the toxic grain in the diet delayed egg production almost two months after these chicks had reached maturity. The composition of the all-mash rations used were as follows: Pen 1 Pen 2 Pen 3 Pen 4 Ground yellow corn “control” 24 24 Ground yellow corn “toxic” 24 24 Ground barley “control” 25 25 Ground barley “toxic” 25 25 Ground wheat “control” 15 15 15 Ground wheat “toxic” 15 Wheat bran 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Wheat middlings 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets in an 85 year old woman: characterization of her disease from infancy through adulthood.

Abstract Background Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is a rare genetic disorder of phosphate homeostasis characterized, when severely expressed, by osteomalacia, suppressed levels of calcitriol, and renal phosphate wasting due to elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). The disease is caused by heterozygous FGF23 mutations at the RXXR site that prevent cleavage of the intact hormone. Objectives An FGF23 mutation was identified in the proband an 85-year-old woman with elevated FGF23 levels, and her clinical course was characterized. Medical records revealed she was treated for rickets as an infant. She was then asymptomatic until soon after her 4th pregnancy, when she suffered incapacitating bone pain and weakness, age 37. Symptoms remitted with brief treatment. Results The proband and one son, but not other family members, were found to be heterozygous for the R176Q mutation in FGF23. Expression of this germ line mutation was strikingly different in both individuals in terms of skeletal health, FGF23 levels and disease activity. Conclusions The identified FGF23 mutation in two members of this family raises questions about molecular mechanisms that have led to intermittent increases in FGF23 synthesis and secretion, and disease expression.
Phase-field model for isothermal phase transitions in binary alloys

In this paper we present a phase-field model to describe isothermal phase transitions between ideal binary-alloy liquid and solid phases. Governing equations are developed for the temporal and spatial variation of the phase field, which identifies the local state or phase, and for the composition. An asymptotic analysis as the gradient energy coefficient of the phase field becomes small shows that our model recovers classical sharp-interface models of alloy solidification when the interfacial layers are thin, and we relate the parameters appearing in the phase-field model to material and growth parameters in real systems. We identify three stages of temporal evolution for the governing equations: the first corresponds to interfacial genesis, which occurs very rapidly; the second to interfacial motion controlled by diffusion and the local energy difference across the interface; the last takes place on a long time scale in which curvature effects are important, and corresponds to Ostwald ripening. We also present results of numerical calculations.
Seasonal and regional variations in the feeding habits of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat

Studies of the feeding of harbour seals have been carried out at the Tjarno Marine Biological Laboratory since 1977. The studies are based on fish otoliths found in faeces at seal haulouts. The present paper compares feeding habitats at two different localities. Three families of fish, gadoids, pleuronectids and clupeoids were predominant in the seals' diet at a rocky shore habitat. Pleuronectids made up 75% of the diet at a sandy shore habitat. Temporal variations in feeding habits are also examined. The results indicate that harbour seals are opportunists in their choice of prey species, but some locally abundant species do not appear in their diet.
Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XIII. Characterization of the T-T autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction

In this study we have demonstrated that in the T-TA autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), OKT4+ T cells are the major responders; however, in the presence of additional interleukin-2 (IL-2), OKT8+ T cells also respond by proliferation. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells, activated in the T-non-T AMLR, act as stimulators in the T-TA AMLR. OKT4+ T cells activated in the T-TA AMLR suppress the proliferative response of the fresh T-non-T AMLR; control OKT4+ cells show no immunoregulatory activity in this system. In contrast, control OKT8+ T cells spontaneously suppress the proliferation of the T-non-T AMLR, but activation of OKT8+ T cells in the T-TA AMLR does not result in a further increase in the suppressor activity of OKT8+ T cells. In summary, in the T-non-T and T-TA AMLR phenotypically similar T-cell subpopulations proliferate but express distinct immunoregulatory functions and perhaps regulate the tempo of the AMLR.
The Differential Heritability of Personality Item Clusters

An earlier twin analysis by Loehlin and Nichols was repeated with a considerably larger twin sample (2,600 adult Australian twin pairs). Like the previous analysis, it was based on item clusters, although from different questionnaires. Unlike the previous study, it found consistent differences in MZ-DZ discrepancy in correlation among the clusters. A more elaborate analysis confirmed this for the clusters, but not for broad Extraversion and Neuroticism composites based upon them.
A Model for Cultural Diversity Training.

We are fast becoming a multicultural, multiracial, and multilingual society. Such demographic changes are having a major impact on economic, social, legal, political, educational, and cultural systems. For businesses and industries to survive, they will need to meet the inevitable challenge of cultural diversity. A model for incorporating cultural diversity in organizations is presented. The model is based on a 3 × 3 × 3 matrix, which analyzes an organization's functional focus (recruitment, retention, and promotion), barriers (differences, discrimination, and systemic factors), and cross-cultural competencies (beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, and skills). Although it was originally developed for business and industry, the model seems to have usefulness in application to education and mental health organizations as well. Estamos llegando a ser rapidamente una sociedad multicultural, multiracial, y multilingue. Estos cambios demograficos han tenido un gran impacto en los sistemas economico, social, legal, politico, educativo, y cultural. Para que los negocios e industrias sobrevivan, necesitaran enfrentarse al desafio inevitable de la diversidad cultural. Se presenta un modelo para incorporar la diversidad cultural en organizaciones. El modelo se basa en una metriz 3 × 3 × 3 que analiza el foco funcional de una organizacion (reclutamiento, retencion, y promocion), bloques (diferencias, discriminacion, y factores sistemicos), y competencias interculturales (creencias/actitudes, conocimientos, y habilidades). A la vez que se desarrollo el modelo originalmente para negocios e industria, se vio que el modelo tambien tiene utilidad para aplicarse en organizaciones educativas y de salud mental.
Depth adjacency and the rod-and-frame illusion

In Experiment I, the tactile adjustment of a comparison bar was used to measure the change in the rod-and-frame illusion as a function of the stereoscopic position of the rod relative to the frame. A vertical rod was presented at a near, a middle, or a far distance, with a single frame tilted counterclockwise at the near distance, a single frame tilted clockwise at the far distance, or two frames of opposite tilt presented simultaneously at the near and far distances. When only one frame was present, displacement of the rod in front of the far frame but not behind the near frame significantly reduced the illusion. When both frames were present, the illusion was determined mainly by the frame at the apparent distance of the rod. In Experiment II, the tactile method of measuring perceived tilt was validated for the range of perceived tilts encountered in Experiment I. The results of Experiment I are discussed in terms of the perceptual resolution of the conflict between relative and absolute cues of tilt.
Comparative Evaluation of TLC and HPTLC Plates Containing Standard and Enhanced UV Indicators for Efficiency, Resolution, Detection, and Densitometric Quantification Using Fluorescence Quenching

Abstract Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance TLC (HPTLC) commercially precoated silica gel plates, with enhanced brightness ultraviolet (UV)‐indicator, were compared with comparable plates formulated with standard indicators. Caffeine, acetaminophen, and salicylamide were used as the model test compounds. Results showed that the increased UV‐indicator plates had visually brighter backgrounds, however, the limits of detection (LOD) did not improve. Differences among the plates in terms of efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity and linearity of quantification with slit‐scanning densitometry are also reported.
Cue use in state-dependent learning

Four experiments were conducted to determine what cues rats used to escape from a water maze in the normal nondrugged state or while drugged with pentobarbital. The subjects were trained to escape from a water maze that either required or enabled them to use place or response cues. The results showed that drugged and nondrugged rats used different cues to escape from the maze; drugged rats learned response sequences, while nondrugged rats learned either the place of exit from the maze or response sequences. Although some rats selected and used different cues in different states, they showed impaired learning when they were required to use the same cue in both the normal and drugged states. Learning in the drugged state appeared to be different from learning in the normal state, in that drugged rats were restricted in their cue use. The implications of these findings for theories of state-dependent learning were discussed.
Factors Influencing Satisfaction of Anglers on Lake Miltona, Minnesota

Abstract Principal components analysis of motivations of anglers fishing in Lake Miltona, Minnesota, described four distinct components: outdoor, interactive, angling, and social motivations. Outdoor motivations were positively related to fishing and trip satisfaction, while angling motivations were negatively related to trip satisfaction. Fishing success, targeted species, and local residence also affected angler satisfaction; successful largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and sunfish Lepomis spp. anglers all showed higher (P < 0.05) satisfactions than unsuccessful anglers, and sunfish anglers showed higher fishing satisfaction than walleye anglers. Anglers residing at resorts showed higher fishing satisfaction and higher satisfaction with number of fish caught than local anglers. The influence of motivations, success, and other variables such as local residence on angler satisfaction supports the theory that angling satisfaction varies among anglers with different charac...
Interpersonal informatics: making social influence visible

Recent research in social network science has found that that what we do and say flows through our social network, impacting our friends, our friends' friends, and beyond. Likewise, our own personal choices are also the influenced by the social networks we participate in. We introduce the area of interpersonal informatics, a class of tools that allows groups of people to collect, aggregate, analyze, and share personally relevant information. The goal of interpersonal informatics is to help people gain awareness of how those around them affect their habits, beliefs, and health.
Degradability of Cell-Wall Polysaccharides in Maize Internodes during Stalk Development

Limitations to degradation of forage cell-wall constituents in maturing plant tissue are not fully understood, which limits progress in developing cultivars with improved digestibility. We determined in vitro degradability of cell-wall components by rumen microorganisms in developing internodes of maize (Zea mays L.). Plants were grown in the growth chamber and harvested at the 15th-leaf stage of development. Individual internodes were divided in half and separated into rind and pith fractions. Cell-wall degradability was measured on the internode samples and correlated with cell-wall degradability. Degradability of all cell-wall polysaccharide components, except galactose and mannose, declined with maturation of maize internodes. Degradabilities of glucose and xylose residues exhibited large differences between 24- and 96-h fermentation intervals (31 to 58% additional degradation in 72 h), whereas the arabinose and uronic acids potentially degradable in 96 h were already almost completely degraded in 24 h. Maize rind, consisting of epidermal and sclerenchyma tissues and many vascular bundles, was less degradable than the pith (736 vs. 811 g kg -1 , respectively), which had thinner-walled parenchyma tissue and fewer vascular bundles. Lower portions of internodes were younger and more degradable than the upper halves (805 vs. 743 g Kg -1 respectively). F Ferulate ether concentration was negatively correlated with cell-wall polysaccharide degradability in young, elongating internodes but not for internodes in which elongation had ceased to occur. This pattern is in agreement with the hypothesis that ferulate cross-linking limits cell-wall degradation, but that the effect is only observable in young tissues before dilution of ferulate ether Concentrations by secondary wall deposition of lignin and polysaccharides obscures the relationship.
Dietary supplementation of GrandFusion(®) mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage and attenuates inflammation.

Objectives: Dietary supplementation of fruits and vegetables has been the main stay for nutritional benefit and overall well-being. GrandFusion® is a nutritional supplement that contains the natural nutrients from whole fruits and vegetables that include complex nutrients and phytonutrients that contain anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.Methods: In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with GrandFusion® for 2 months prior to 1 hour of ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) followed by various times of reperfusion. Mice were subjected to MCAo for 1 hour and then at various times following reperfusion, animals were assessed for behavioral outcomes (open field testing, rotarod, and adhesive test removal), and infarct volumes (cresyl violet and triphenyltetrazolium chloride). In addition, to determine the potential mechanisms associated with treatment, the brain tissue was examined for changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory marker...
BRAF mutation: supporting diversity in HCL

In this issue of Blood , Xi and colleagues report on v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) subsets, demonstrating that BRAF V600E mutations are absent in variant HCL forms and in a subset of classic HCL (HCLc).[1][1] Specifically, the authors
Iron Characterization in Manure Amended Soils

Abstract Materials such as sewage sludge, animal manure, humates, and compost may be rich in iron and in metal binding biochemicals that help keep iron and other metals in solution through chelation. They may also stimulate chemical and biological reactions that make iron more available. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of dairy manure applications on the different iron fractions in the soil. A differential sequential extraction method was used to determine the exchangeable, adsorbed, organic, carbonate, and sulfide or “residual” iron in the soil. Manure application had little effect on the distribution of iron or the concentration of iron in the different fractions of the soils studied. The highest percentage of iron in manure treated and nontreated soil samples was associated with the sulfide fraction (97%) followed by the carbonate fraction (1%). The exchangeable and adsorbed fractions represented less than 1% and the organic fraction between 0.001 and 0.004%. This finding may indicate low ir...
Applying Foucault's “Archaeology” to the Education of School Counselors

Counselor educators can utilize the ideas of philosopher Michel Foucault in preparing preservice school counselors for their work with K–12 students in public schools. The Foucaultian ideas of governmentality, technologies of domination, received truths, power/knowledge, discontinuity, and archaeology can contribute to students' understanding of the hidden power relations in the assumptions and techniques of counseling. Because most students enter counseling programs without a background in Foucault, it falls to counselor educators to incorporate his ideas into the curriculum. This article describes areas in which Foucaultian ideas can be introduced into the counseling curriculum, in particular, in the practicum courses.
Object Oriented Programming: What is IT Talking About?

A familiarity with programming methods aids the librarian in serving as part of a team with computer professionals. In school, many librarians were required to write simple computer programs using methods from Procedural Programming, although this term may not have been explicitly used. In reading more modern technical literature, the librarian often comes across the term “Object Oriented Programming” (OOP), which has been increasingly used in the past few decades. To gain familiarity with the use and differences of these two methods, this article presents a simple mathematical problem and how it would be approached in both Procedural and Object Oriented Programming. It then moves to more complex situations that highlight the advantages of using OOP. This article also highlights similarities and differences between these two widely used programming methods as well as steps in the design process that make use of the traditional librarian skills of classification.
On 29Si scalar couplings and spin-lattice relaxation times in 29Si NMR spectroscopic studies of the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane

Abstract It is shown that 3JSiOCH scalar coupling may be used as a tool in assigning 29Si NMR spectra of partially hydrolyzed tetaaalkoxysilanes, and 29Si NMR chemical shifts, 3J coupling constants and spin lattice relaxation times (T 1 ( 29 Si )) are reported for the series of compounds: (CH3O)4−nSi(OH)n (where n = 0 to 4), as measured in a partially hydrolysed 1.5 M tetramethoxysilane solution at pH = 4 and at −12°C, 18 h after the start of hydrolysis.
Remagnetization during Cretaceous Normal Superchron in Eastern San Juan Islands, WA: implications for tectonic history

Abstract The Eastern San Juan Islands expose an island arc ophiolite sequence and one or more ocean floor terranes. Cover rocks of the former, including red radiolarian tuff and arc-derived sandstone, have no penetrative fabric and lack high-pressure minerals. In contrast, pillow basalts and ribbon cherts of the latter are strongly deformed and the overlying metagraywacke is folded with a penetrative axial plane cleavage. All ocean floor rocks have aragonite in veins, indicative of higher-pressure conditions than experienced by the island arc rocks. A downward magnetization is common to the ocean floor rocks, consistent with widespread remagnetization during the Cretaceous normal superchron. This magnetization is carried by magnetite and, in red rocks, by hematite; fluid flow during or after deformation and high P metamorphism likely facilitated remagnetization at low temperature. The magnetic directions are somewhat scattered but most are moderately to steeply down to the southeast. They are far from directions expected with or without northward transport of Baja BC. Rotation of observed directions into agreement with those expected for either present or more southerly locations also rotate structural elements in the host rocks. Three alternative rotation histories explored here all produce structural reconstructions that differ considerably from the present structure. A tectonic history of the eastern San Juan Islands based on any of these reconstructions would be superior to one based on present attitudes of structures. This is because at least a constraint that the restored paleomagnetic directions match a paleomagnetic field direction is satisfied. Choices among alternative reconstructions would become clearer with better understanding of relative ages of specific structures and their magnetizations. Improved geologic understanding of the regional setting where the rocks could have been deformed and remagnetized would also help.
Brightness scaling of diodes lasers and fiber coupled modules at 9xx nm

We report on the development of high brightness broad area laser diodes at nLIGHT used in fiber laser pump modules. We demonstrate that by optimizing epitaxial design and device geometry the usable output power of diode lasers at 9xx nm can be increased by over 35%, resulting in high power fiber laser pump modules coupling over 60W into a 105um, 0.15 NA fiber.
X-ray photon and thermal effects on trimethylsilane covered Si(100) surfaces

Abstract A trimethylsilane (TMSiH)-covered Si(100) surface at temperature −120°C was chosen to investigate the X-ray photon and thermal effects on it. The Al K α X-ray at the energy of 1.486 keV was used, not only for the radiation source, but also for the characterization tool of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The core level Si 2p and C 1s photoelectrons were monitored after each X-ray bombardment when sample temperature was held at −120°C. Those photoelectrons were collected again on a newly prepared sample at each different sample temperature in order to study the thermal effect on the TMSiH-covered Si surface. X-ray photons cause the initial increase of both Si C and C Si bonds at the beginning of the first 35 min exposure and decrease later. However, both Si-C and C-Si bonds were gradually removed from the system by heating and finally disappeared at temperature below −40°C. Unlike the 1.3 keV electron beam effect on the same system, both results indicate that the X-ray photons and thermal energy cannot continuously form the Si C or C Si bonds. X-ray photon induced secondary electrons were invoked in discussing the X-ray radiation results.
Direct effects of gemfibrozil on the fibrinolytic system. Diminution of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.

BACKGROUNDPlatelet-associated epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can augment synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Accordingly, exacerbation of atherogenesis may accompany release of platelet-associated growth factors (or mitogens) occurring in association with occult, repetitive thrombosis and thrombolysis. In the Helsinki primary prevention trial, gemfibrozil decreased coronary events but did so essentially only in initially hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Such subjects are known to exhibit high concentrations of PAI-1 in plasma.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether pharmacological concentrations of gemfibrozil directly affect PAI-1 synthesis, we characterized its effects on a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) in vitro. Gemfibrozil decreased basal PAI-1 secretion by 43% and attenuated the augmentation of PAI-1 synthesis over 24 hours induced by EGF and TGF-beta by 37% and 39% without altering overall protein synthesis. Furthermore, it blo...