cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Palatal abnormalities in the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis and its variants and in Noonan's syndrome.

T he somatic anomalies of the head and neck that have been described as part of the syndrome of gonadal dpsgenesis, or Turner’s syndrome, include multiple pigmented neri, triangular face, epicanthic folds, receding chin, low-set and malformed ears, high-arched palate, webbed or broad neck, low hairline, webbing of the neck, “fishlike” appearance of the mouth,l and, less frequently, early eruption of the permanent teeth, smaller than normal permanent teeth, and short roots.’ In most instances, the presence or absence of the orofacial anomalies is evaluated by clinical inspection rather than by quantitative methods, largely because of the absence of measurable standards. Exceptions include data on palatal index,3 palate height,* and development of the cranial skeleton.2v 5 Since the morphologic variations that combine to produce the high-arched palate have not been described in detail, a systematic study is being conducted in our laboratory in order to define these defects more objectively.
Treatment of early-stage nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose of review Excellent results have been achieved in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma for more than 30 years with radiation therapy alone or the combined modalities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A major concern has been the long-term toxicity of treatment, most of which is attributable to radiotherapy. Recent trials that attempt to decrease acute and long-term toxicity are reviewed. Recent findings To address the problem of late treatment morbidity, randomized trials of combined-modality therapy have been conducted demonstrating that the number of chemotherapy cycles and the extent and doses of radiotherapy can be reduced. Several studies, including three randomized trials of chemotherapy alone vs. combined-modality therapy, suggest that chemotherapy alone is a reasonable option for the treatment of nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Positron emission tomography after one or two cycles of chemotherapy has been found to be highly predictive of treatment outcome for Hodgkin lymphoma. Combination chemotherapy alone including gemcitabine, a highly active drug with a favorable toxicity profile, with positron emission tomography early during treatment is under evaluation. Summary Less toxic regimens with the aid of positron emission tomography may reduce the short-term and long-term toxicities of treatment of early-stage nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma.
Nanocrystalline spinel NixCu0.8−xZn0.2Fe2O4: a novel material for humidity sensing

The humidity sensing property of the ferrite systems Ni x Cu0.8−x Zn0.2Fe2O4 with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) was studied using the standard ceramic technique. The spinel structure of the compounds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies, BET study and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The compounds were subjected to dc electrical conductivity studies at room temperature. The resistance measurements as a function of relative humidity (RH) in the range of 5–98% were done and the humidity sensing factors (S f = R 5%/R 95%) were calculated. The composite NiCuZn-3 (x = 0.4) possessed the highest humidity sensing factor of 3051.9 ± 500, whilst CuZn–1 (x = 0) possessed the lowest humidity sensing factor of 45.3 ± 12. The other compounds possessed lower humidity sensing factors of 116.7 ± 35, 783.4 ± 160 and 416.2 ± 65 for x = 0.2, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively.
Oxidation and sulfonation of cellulosics

Bleached hardwood (HW) kraft pulp and derived nanocellulosic structures were modified by a periodate oxidation followed by treatment with sodium bisulfite to yield the corresponding C2/3 sulfonates. The impact of this oxidative–reductive protocol on the chemical and physical properties of cellulose was evaluated by determining physical dimensions, functional groups, and their water absorbency properties. It was found that the water absorbency of cellulosic material can be enhanced by 8.0–199.0% with this oxidation/sulfonation protocol. Distinct differences were observed between sulfonated pulp fibers and nanocellulosic structures, with the latter exhibiting relatively higher water retention values (WRV).
Chiral Separations Using a Polypeptide and Polymeric Dipeptide Surfactant Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating in Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography

A polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating consisting of the polypeptide, poly(l-lysine) hydrobromide, poly(l-lysine) and the polymeric dipeptide surfactant, poly(sodium undecanoyl-l-leucyl-alaninate), poly(l-SULA), is investigated as a new medium for the separation of chiral analytes in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). In this approach, a stable PEM is constructed in situ by alternative rinses of the cationic polymer poly(l-lysine) and the anionic polymer poly(l-SULA). In previous studies, the PEM coating has been constructed by use of the cationic polyelectrolyte poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC. In this study, we investigate the use of a biopolymer as the cationic polyelectrolyte. The results reported here indicate an increase in selectivity and resolution when poly(l-lysine) is used as the cationic polymer in place of PDADMAC. To evaluate the chromatographic performance of the PEM coating as a chiral stationary phase, the separation of the β-blockers, labetalol and...
The case for semi‐starvation

The eating disorder field has been slow to respond to the phenomenon of caloric restriction for longevity (CRL), currently a central focus of research in biogerontology. On the basis of compelling evidence that animals remain healthier and live longer on diets of ‘anorexic’ severity, some experts are recommending chronic self-deprivation to the general public. This brief article introduces a series of papers on CRL, outlining the challenges and opportunities the movement presents to our speciality area. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Pattern recognition applied to uranium prospecting.

PATTERN recognition techniques provide one way of uniting quantitative and descriptive geologic data for mineral prospecting. A quantified decision process using computer-selected patterns of geologic data has the potential of selecting areas with undiscovered deposits of uranium or other minerals. When a natural resource is mined more rapidly than it is discovered, its continued production becomes increasingly difficult. For example, Lieberman1 has noted that, although a considerable uranium reserve may remain in the U.S.A., the discovery rate for uranium is decreasing exponentially with cumulative exploration footage drilled. Pattern recognition methods of organising geologic information for prospecting may provide new predictive power as well as insight into the occurrence of uranium ore deposits. Often the task of prospecting consists of three stages of information processing: (1) collection of data on known ore deposits; (2) noting any regularities common to the known examples of an ore; (3) selection of new exploration targets based on the results of the second stage. Here we describe a logical pattern recognition algorithm that implements this geologic procedure to demonstrate the possibility of building a quantified uranium prospecting guide from diverse geologic data.
A boron cluster with a pair of carboxylic acid groups on adjacent borons: Synthesis and structure of 7,12-(COOH)2-CB11H10−

Abstract The dicarboxylic acid, 7,12-(COOH)2-CB11H10−, was prepared and characterized by NMR, IR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Titration studies reveal that 7,12-(COOH)2-CB11H10− has a pKa of > 6.35, indicating that this is a significantly weaker acid than typical organic carboxylic acids. This compound is the first example of a CB11− cluster with a B-COOH group to be characterized by X-ray diffraction and the only X-ray structure of a boron cluster that contains an adjacent pair of these groups.
Structural instabilities in lanthanum cuprate superconductors

Subtle but well characterized structural phase transformations occur at low temperatures in some lanthanum cuprate superconductors. These transformations, which involve collective tilting of the CuO6 octahedra, have a strong influence on superconducting and normal state properties. Experiments suggest that for a given hole doping the following hierarchy exists for superconductivity in these materials: Tc(HTT)>Tc(LTO)>Tc(LTT), where HTT represents the untilted structure and LTO and LTT are the two limiting low temperature tilted structures. An additional very strong suppression of Tc, suggestive of a competing electronic groundstate, occurs in the LTT phase for a hole to Cu ratio of 1/8. Neither of these effects are understood at present. This paper reviews both the evidence upon which these conclusions are based and some outstanding unanswered questions.
Performance modeling of distributed memory architectures

We provide performance models for several primitive operations on data structures distributed over memory units interconnected by a Boolean cube network. In particular, we model single-source and multiple-source concurrent broadcasting or reduction, concurrent gather and scatter operations, shifts along several axes of multidimensional arrays, and emulation of butterfly networks. We also show how the processor configuration, the data aggregation, and the encoding of the address space affect the performance for two important basic computations: the multiplication of arbitrarily shaped matrices and the Fast Fourier Transform. We also give an example of the performance behavior for local matrix operations for a processor with a single path to local memory and a set of processor registers. The analytic models are verified by measurements on the Connection Machine Model CM-2.
The effect of withdrawal censoring on two-sample tests

A simulation study was performed to examine the effects of withdrawal censoring and fixed right censoring on the level of significance and power of two-sample tests. Statistics based on Gehan, logrank, and Peto-Prentice scores are used. It is demonstrated that the performance of these tests can be adversely affected by a high percenage of withdrawals and/or unequal sample sizes
Ab initio study of cesium chemisorption on the GaAs(110) surface.

Different possible adsorption sites of cesium atoms on a gallium arsenide (110) surface have been investigated using ab initio self-consistent unrestricted Hartree-Fock total-energy cluster calculations with Hay-Wadt effective-core potentials. The effects of electron correlation have been included by invoking the concepts of many-body perturbation theory and are found to be highly significant. We find that the Cs atom adsorption at a site modeled with a ${\mathrm{CsGa}}_{5}$${\mathrm{As}}_{4}$${\mathrm{H}}_{12}$ cluster is most favored energetically followed by Cs adsorption at a site modeled with the ${\mathrm{CsGa}}_{4}$${\mathrm{As}}_{5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{12}$ cluster. For molecular cesium, a site modeled by a ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{6}$${\mathrm{As}}_{9}$${\mathrm{H}}_{21}$ cluster is most favored energetically. However, here all four sites considered remain competitive energetically at the correlated levels of theory. The effects of charge transfer from Cs and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$ to the GaAs surface and the possibilities of metallization are also analyzed and discussed.
Zone-diagonal-dominated transport in high- T c cuprates

We present a Boltzmann equation analysis of the transport properties of a model of electrons with a lifetime that is short everywhere except near the Brillouin-zone diagonals. The assumed lifetime is directly implied by photoemission and $c$-axis transport data. We find quantitative agreement between calculations and ac and dc longitudinal and Hall resistivity, but the predicted longitudinal magnetoresistance disagrees with experiment. A possible microscopic origin of the anomalous lifetime is discussed.
Radiochemical Studies of Neutron-Induced Fission of U 235 and U 238 and the Two-Mode Fission Hypothesis

It has been suggested that the effect of changing excitation energy on the shape of the fission product mass-yield curve from fission of a single nuclear species is due to the change in the relative amounts of two energy-independent modes of fission, each giving rise to its own characteristic mass-yield curve. It is shown here that this hypothesis predicts a linear relationship between the fission yields of any pair of fission products measured at a set of excitation energies. Linear relationships are also predicted between pairs of fission yields measured relative to the yield of some reference fission product. Fission product yields relative to the fission yield of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$ were measured for fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ and of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ with neutron beams of mean energies ranging from 2 to 10 Mev. The predicted linear relationships were observed in all cases. However results for fission yields from ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ with thermal neutrons do not fall on the corresponding observed lines. The two-mode fission hypothesis is a possible explanation for the linear relationships observed but does not explain all of the data.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding porcine gastric haptocorrin.

A cDNA encoding the gastric haptocorrin was isolated from a porcine gastric mucosal λgt11 cDNA library using oligonucleotide probes. The 1.4-kb cDNA contains a 1.25-kb open reading frame and 178 nucleotides of 3′ noncoding region. Although no initiator methionine is present, primer extension analysis indicated that the transcription initiation site is only 100 bp upstream of the 5′ end of this clone. Northern blot analysis showed that a single mRNA species of 1.6 kb exists in hog gastric mucosa. There was no cross-hybridization between this cDNA and the mRNA for haptocorrin in rat submaxillary gland or gastric RNA by Northern blot analysis. This lack of cross-reactivity was also seen on Southern blots, where cow, sheep and dog but neither rat nor mouse genomic DNAs showed cross-hybridizing bands. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this cDNA with that previously reported for rat intrinsic factor [Dieckgraefe, B. K. et al. (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 46–50] showed considerable similarity, suggesting that these cobalamin-binding proteins may have a common evolutionary origin.
Isolation and characterization of the nonglycosylated membrane protein and a nucleocapsid complex from the paramyxovirus SV5.

Abstract The smallest polypeptide of the paramyxovirus SV5 (simian virus 5) the M protein, which is the major nonglycosylated protein of the viral envelope was isolated. The procedure used consisted of solubilization of the glycoproteins with Triton X-100, leaving an insoluble aggregate consisting of the protein subunit of the nucleocapsid (NP), the M protein, and a protein with a molecular weight of ∼50,000 (protein 5). Further treatment of this aggregate with 1% deoxycholate and 0.5 M urea followed by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose-on-cesium chloride gradient separated the aggregate into a fraction at the sucrose-cesium chloride interface consisting of the M polypeptide and a complex banding in 30% cesium chloride consisting of the nucleocapsid and protein 5. This technique yielded large quantities of highly purified M protein and a nucleocapsid complex that were amenable to biological and chemical analysis. Amino acid analysis of the purified membrane protein revealed a chemical composition of 64% neutral amino acids. The finding of protein 5 with the nucleocapsid after isolation on the cesium chloride gradient suggests that this protein may be associated with the nucleocapsid in the virion.
Optimizing Aggregation Level for Intelligent Transportation System Data Based on Wavelet Decomposition

Appropriate aggregation levels and sampling frames of real-time data in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are indispensable to transportation planners and engineers. Conventional techniques for the retrieval of aggregation levels are normally based on statistical comparison of the original and the aggregated data sets. However, it is not guaranteed that errors and noise will not be transmitted to the aggregated data sets and that the desired information will be reserved. Wavelet decomposition is a new technique that can be applied to the determination of aggregation level. An optimization process that can provide the optimized aggregation level of ITS data for different applications was developed. To illustrate the proposed technique, ITS data archived by the TransGuide Center in San Antonio, Texas, were used for a case study. Aggregation levels for different days of a week and different time periods over the whole year of 2001 were obtained through the proposed approach.
Compact spaces and the pseudoradial property, II

Abstract We investigate two properties and their connection to the property of pseudoradiality in the context of compact spaces. The first is the WAP property introduced by P. Simon and the second is the ℵ 0 -pseudoradial property introduced by B. Shapirovskii. We show that ♢ implies there is a compact space which is pseudoradial but not WAP. We show that there is a model in which CH fails and in which all compact spaces of weight at most ℵ 2 are ℵ 0 -pseudoradial.
Plant and microbial controls on nitrogen retention and loss in a Humid Tropical Forest

Plant and Microbial Controls on Nitrogen Retention and Loss in a Humid Tropical Forest Pamela H. Templer 1,2* , Whendee L. Silver 1 , Jennifer Pett-Ridge 1,3 , Kristen DeAngelis 1,4 and Mary K. Firestone 1 1. Ecosystem Sciences Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. 2. Current address: Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215. URL: people.bu.edu/ptempler 3. Current address: Chemical Biology and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, P.O. Box 808, L-231, Livermore CA, 94551-9900 4. Current address: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 *Corresponding author: Dr. Pamela Templer, current address: Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215. Email: ptempler@bu.edu. Fax: 617-353-
Unravelling the means to an end: RNA polymerase II transcription termination

Transcription termination is one of the least-understood processes in gene expression. However, recent studies have revealed common themes and principles between models of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) termination, including the poly(A)-dependent and Sen1-dependent pathways, and provided insight into the role of Pol II carboxy-terminal domain phosphorylation in this process.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous iron dextran therapy in patients with ESRD and restless legs syndrome.

Abstract Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that causes motor agitation and insomnia. Because RLS has been associated with iron deficiency, we sought to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) iron dextran on symptoms of RLS in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Patients determined to have RLS by International RLS Study Group criteria were administered either iron dextran, 1,000 mg, or normal saline IV in a blinded fashion. Patient demographic data were collected, and blood chemistry tests, liver function studies, serum iron levels, ferritin levels, and total iron-binding capacity were obtained at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 weeks postinfusion. Side effects or adverse events to interventions were monitored, and RLS symptoms were assessed by a rating scale at the same intervals. Results: Eleven patients were randomly assigned to the administration of iron dextran, and 14 patients to the administration of saline. RLS severity scores were slightly higher in the placebo group at baseline, but hemoglobin levels, iron stores, and other biochemical parameters did not differ. Although no change in symptoms were seen in the placebo-treated group, significant improvement in RLS symptom scores in response to iron dextran was seen 1 week after infusion (−2; interquartile range [IQR], −6 to −1; P = 0.03, Wilcoxon's rank sums), but was greatest at 2 weeks (−3; IQR, −5 to −2 compared with −1 to 0; P = 0.01). Salutary effects of iron persisted at 4 weeks, but were no longer statistically significant. The significant increase in serum ferritin levels and iron saturation observed in the iron dextran-treated group was not seen in the placebo-treated group. No differences in adverse events were noted between groups. Conclusion: High-dose iron dextran infusion is associated with a significant, but transient, reduction in symptoms of RLS in patients with ESRD.
Diabetic rats prefer glucose-paired flavors over fructose-paired flavors

Prior studies indicate that glucose has a more potent postingestive reinforcing effect than fructose. The role of insulin in this effect was examined by comparing sugar-conditioned flavor preferences in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In Experiment 1, diabetic rats, like normal rats, preferred a cue flavor that had been mixed into 8% glucose solution over a flavor mixed with 8% fructose. Both taste and postingestive properties of glucose may have contributed to this preference. Experiment 2 evaluated postingestive reinforcement by pairing cue flavors with intragastric infusions of glucose and fructose. Both diabetics and normals acquired a preference for the flavor paired with intragastric 16% glucose infusions over the flavor paired with 16% fructose infusions although the preference was somewhat smaller in the diabetic rats. Taken together, the results indicate that a normal insulin secretory response to glucose is not required for glucose-conditioned flavor preference. The diabetic rats' reduced flavor preference in Experiment 2 suggests that insulin may play some role in glucose conditioning although this may be secondary to alterations in gastrointestinal motility characteristic of diabetic animals.
Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Vitro by NSC3852, a Redox Active Antiproliferative and Tumor Cell Differentiation Agent

Abstract We searched the National Cancer Institute (NCI) compound library for structures related to the antitumor quinoline NSC3852 (5-nitroso-8-quinolinol) and used a computer algorithm to predict the antiprotozoan activity for each of 13 structures. Half of these compounds inhibited Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite propagation in human fibroblasts at ≤1 μM. The active compounds comprise a series of low-molecular-weight quinolines bearing nitrogen substituents in the ring-5 position. NSC3852 (EC50 80 nM) and NSC74949 (EC50 646 nM) were the most potent. NSC3852 also inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth in human red blood cells (EC50 1.3 μM). To investigate the mechanism for NSC3852's anti–T. gondii activity, we used chemiluminescence assays to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in freshly isolated tachyzoites and in infected host cells; the absence of ROS generation by NSC3852 in these assays indicated NSC3852 does not redox cycle in T. gondii. Inhibitors of enzyme sources of free radicals such ...
Bose-Einstein-condensate interferometer with macroscopic arm separation

A Michelson interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensates is demonstrated with coherence times of up to $44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}$ and arm separations up to $180\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{m}$. This arm separation is larger than that observed for any previous atom interferometer. The device uses atoms weakly confined in a magnetic guide and the atomic motion is controlled using Bragg interactions with an off-resonant standing-wave laser beam.
Konstruktion Subjektiver Wahrscheinlichkeiten 1

This paper contains recent results on the construction of subjective probability measures which are almost or strictly agreeing with the qualitative (subjective) probability strueture. The aproaches discussed are exclusively based on Boolean structures which endowed with a binary order relation (‘qualitative probability’) generate a qualitative probability structure. the ropresentation problem can then be formulated as follows: under which conditions (necessary and sufficient) do there exist finitely additive, σ-additive and conditional probability measures compatible with an appropriate qualitative probability structure and in addition satisfying well-known axioms of probability. It is shown that for the solution of the representation problems we can effectively use methods of extensive measurement permitting a behavioristie interpretation. Finally, some remarks concern the role of subjective probability within Bayesian statisties, in partieular regaeding its applications to econometries.
Antioxidant genes of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis): Gene characterization and expression profiles

Abstract Phytophagous insects frequently encounter reactive oxygen species (ROS) from exogenous and endogenous sources. To overcome the effect of ROS, insects have evolved a suite of antioxidant defense genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), an exotic invasive insect pest from Asia has killed millions of ash trees and continues to invade North America at a rapid pace. From an on-going expressed sequence tag (EST) project of A. planipennis larval tissues, we identified ESTs coding for a Cu–Zn SOD ( Ap SOD1), a CAT ( Ap CAT1) and a GPX ( Ap GPX1). A multiple sequence alignment of the derived A. planipennis sequences revealed high homology with other insect sequences at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis of Ap SOD1 grouped it with Cu–Zn SODs of other insect taxa. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in different larval tissues (midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubule and cuticle) revealed high mRNA levels of Ap CAT1 in the midgut. Interestingly, high mRNA levels for both Ap SOD1 and Ap GPX1 were observed in the Malpighian tubules. Assay of mRNA levels in developmental stages (larva, prepupa and adults) by qRT-PCR indicated high transcript levels of Ap CAT1 and Ap GPX1 in larval and prepupal stages with a decline in adults. On the other hand, the transcript levels of Ap SOD1 were observed to be constitutive in all the developmental stages assayed. Results obtained reflect a plausible role of these A. planipennis antioxidant genes in quenching ROS from both diet (ash allelochemicals) as well as endogenous sources. These studies further help in understanding the adaptation/invasiveness of A. planipennis .
Low Power Asynchronous Data Acquisition Front End for Wireless Body Sensor Area Network

Wireless body sensor area networks (WBAN) is one of the key technologies to solve the rising healthcare costs through early detection, and point-of-care diagnosis and health management. However there is a stringent power requirement on individual sensor nodes in such networks. Consequently traditional signal chain of amplify-digitize-transmit generates large amounts of data that cannot be sustained due to limited energy and bandwidth. In this paper we propose an asynchronous data acquisition platform that provides inherent digitization and compression at the source. The proposed implementation consists of low noise front-end amplifier (AFE) with tunable bandwidth and an asynchronous clockless analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Data compression is achieved by the inherent signal dependent sampling of the asynchronous architecture. The AFE and ADC were fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology and consume a total of 79μW. Measured results for asynchronous ECG signal acquisition are presented.
Time and error recovery with parameterized Petri nets

A new class of Petri nets (PNs) called parameterized Petri nets (PPNs) is proposed and applied for planning and coordination of intelligent systems. The PPN approach uses a hierarchical organization to deal with the complexity characteristic of net representations, through parameterization of transitions and the use of generalized or parameterized places in higher level nets. Time is introduced in PPNs in terms of a parameter. An error recovery controller is then described based on timed-PPNs. >
Functional domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor

Abstract Human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) produced in CV-1 cells via transfection of an hGR expression vector functions as a necessary and sufficient factor for the transcriptional activation of the MTV-CAT fusion gene. The magnitude of the induction (500–1000 fold) reveals that the hGR may act as a transcriptional "switch," converting a silent promoter containing a glucocorticoid response element to an activated state. Stimulation of transcription of the MTV-CAT gene fusion by hGR is not dependent on transcriptional factors that are limiting in CV-1 cells. Characterization of 27 insertional mutants of the hGR allowed the location of at least four functional domains, two of which correspond to the predicted DNA- and steroid-binding domains. The other two domains are referred to as tau (τ) for their potent effects on transcription. This raises the possibility that other regions in the receptor are necessary for full transcriptional activation but are not specifically involved in steroid or DNA binding.
Aerosol processing for nanomanufacturing

Advances in nanoparticle synthesis are opening new opportunities for a broad variety of technologies that exploit the special properties of matter at the nanoscale. To realize this potential will require the development of new technologies for processing nanoparticles, so as to utilize them in a manufacturing context. Two important classes of such processing technologies include the controlled deposition of nanoparticles onto surfaces, and the application of chemically specific coatings onto individual nanoparticles, so as to either passivate or functionalize their surfaces. This paper provides an overview of three technologies related to these objectives, with an emphasis on aerosol-based methods: first, the deposition of nanoparticles by hypersonic impaction, so as so spray-coat large areas with nanoparticles; second, the use of aerodynamic lenses to produce focused beams of nanoparticles, with beam widths of a few tens of microns, so as to integrate nanoparticle-based structures into microelectromechanical systems; and third, the coating of individual nanoparticles by means of photoinduced chemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD), driven by excimer lamps. We also discuss the combination of these technologies, so that nanoparticle synthesis, together with multiple processing steps, can be accomplished in a single flow stream.
Fishbone: a block-level placement and routing scheme

A block-level placement and routing scheme called Fishbone is presented. The routing uses a two-layer spine topology. The pin locations are configurable and restricted to certain routing grids in order to ensure full routability and precise predictability. With this scheme, exact net topologies are determined by pin positions only; hence during block placement, net parameters such as wire length (and delay) can be derived directly. The construction of Fishbone nets is much faster than for Steiner trees; this enables the integration of block placement and routing; there is no separate routing stage.
Reduced Neurogenesis after Neonatal Seizures

Although neonatal seizures are quite common, there is controversy regarding their consequences. Despite considerable evidence that seizures may cause less cell loss in young animals compared with mature animals, there are nonetheless clear indications that seizures may have other potentially deleterious effects. Because it is known that seizures in the mature brain can increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus, we studied the extent of neurogenesis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus over multiple time points after a series of 25 flurothyl-induced seizures administered between postnatal day 0 (P0) and P4. Rats with neonatal seizures had a significant reduction in the number of the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate- (BrdU) labeled cells in the dentate gyrus and hilus compared with the control groups when the animals were killed either 36 hr or 2 weeks after the BrdU injections. The reduction in BrdU-labeled cells continued for 6 d after the last seizure. BrdU-labeled cells primarily colocalized with the neuronal marker neuron-specific nuclear protein and rarely colocalized with the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, providing evidence that a very large percentage of the newly formed cells were neurons. Immature rats subjected to a single seizure did not differ from controls in number of BrdU-labeled cells. In comparison, adult rats undergoing a series of 25 flurothyl-induced seizures had a significant increase in neurogenesis compared with controls. This study indicates that, after recurrent seizures in the neonatal rat, there is a reduction in newly born granule cells.
Polycythemia vera: current pharmacotherapy and future directions.

Introduction: In the past, management of polycythemia vera (PV) was built upon a cornerstone of control over erythrocytosis, through therapeutic phlebotomy, as well as the use of low-dose aspirin. Historically, selected patients were managed with additional cytoreductive therapies to decrease the risk of vascular events, with the recognition that these therapies likely did not impede progression. Areas covered: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated, in a randomized fashion, that optimal control of the hematocrit to target levels < 45% are important for decreasing the risk of vascular events. We are identifying that our historical set of cytoreductive agents, such as hydroxyurea, may be replaced in the future. The first candidate is pegylated interferon alpha-2a, which is demonstrating the ability to control vascular events and control extended hematopoiesis, while potentially having impact on fibrotic progression and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V1617F mutant allele burden. Ruxolitinib, as well as other JAK2 ...
Warm-Start Routines for Solving Augmented Weighted Tchebycheff Network Programs in Multiple-Objective Network Programming

Three warm-start routines are developed to find initial basic feasible solutions for augmented weighted Tchebycheff network programs, subproblems derived from multiple-objective network-programming problems. In an interactive solution procedure, a series of augmented weighted Tchebycheff network programs need to be solved sequentially to find representative nondominated solutions. To speed up the solution process using the network structure of the problem, these warm-start routines start the solution process of one augmented weighted Tchebycheff network program from the optimal solution of the previous one. All three warm-start routines use the same strategy but different ways of reducing the number of basic flow variables, or equivalently increasing the number of basic nonflow variables to construct a basic solution. These warm-start routines can be used by any interactive procedures to facilitate the solution process of multiple-objective network-programming problems. A detailed example is presented. A computational experiment is conducted to compare the performance of these warm-start routines. A cold-start routine and NETSIDE, specialized software for solving network problems with side constraints, are also used as references in the experiment. These warm-start routines can save substantial computation time.
Violation of Bell's inequality near 1550 nm using an all-fiber source of polarization-entangled photon pairs

We demonstrate a 2 /spl sigma/ violation of a form of Bell's inequality using polarization-entangled photons generated and detected in the 1550 nm telecom band. Polarization-entangled photon pairs are produced by pumping a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer with orthogonally-polarized pulses.
Fault-tolerant multiprocessor networks through an extended G-network

The authors present an extended G-network which is 3-insensitive, meaning that the network can tolerate up to three communication link failures. It is shown that the extended G-network still keeps the characteristics of the G-network: efficient routing, a small number of links, a small number of file servers, and fault tolerance. The performance of the extended G-network is compared to that of the G-network. >
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS OF PILOTS IN U.S. AVIATION CRASHES.

The National Transportation Safety Board's airplane accident data for 1983–1995 were used to analyze accidents that involved physical or psychological health factors of pilots-anxiety, physical impairment, alcohol or drugs, pressure and fatigue. About 3.8% of the accidents involved one or more of the “health” factors. Among pilots younger than 45, alcohol/drugs and pressure were most common. The accidents of those aged 45-60 involved alcohol/drugs with about the same frequency as those of younger pilots but they also had an increased risk of physical impairment. Pilots over the age of 60 were less involved in crashes with alcohol/drugs, pressure and anxiety than younger pilots but more in those concerning physical impairment. Fatigue was mostly a factor in accidents of professional pilots.
“Hell, I’m An Addict, But I Ain’t No Junkie”: An Ethnographic Analysis of Aging Heroin Users

Although the number of drug users over the age of 35 is growing at a faster rate than other age groups, a gap in knowledge of how people age with drug use remains. This study focuses on heroin users who were born between 1945 and 1965, the baby boom cohort. Based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 38 active heroin users in Atlanta, Georgia, variations in their heroin use were explored through modified grounded theory methods, including constant comparison. Numerical and narrative data revealed a typology of active heroin users who are members of the baby boom generation. The two salient dimensions of the typology are the level of control over heroin use and the users’ social roles, specifically the status the users allocated to their social role as a heroin user. The typology includes: 1) controlled occasional users; 2) weekend warriors; 3) habitues; 4) marginal users; 5) problem addicts; 6) using dealers/runners; 7) using hustlers/sex workers; 8) junkies; and 9) relapsing addicts. Increased i...
Examining 19 years of officially reported child abduction incidents (1995–2013): employing a four category typology of abduction

AbstractChild abduction has generated extensive media attention due to deep-seated fear elicited by infamous incidents. Perceptions of an abduction epidemic during the 1970s and 80s entrenched a perception of ‘stranger danger’. Limited research on child abduction overemphasizes stranger abductions, which account for fewer than half of all abductions. As a result, less is known about the victim/abductor relationship across other abduction types. Prior work has emphasized simplistic stranger vs. family dichotomies, and similar trichotomies. This study, drawing on officially reported child abductions employing NIBRS datasets (N = 29,293), emphasizes differences across abductors/victims in a four category relationship-based typology, including a newer category – ‘intimate partner abductions’. Findings contribute baseline knowledge about child abductions by countering misplaced media driven fears and placing empirical findings in a more accurate context. Findings also reveal that intimate partner abductions ha...
Price Delay, Short Interest and the NASDAQ Bubble

This study examines the relation between Price Delay, or the delay with which information impacts stock prices, and short interest for NASDAQ stocks from January 1996 to December 2008. Several implications arise from our tests. First, we show that Delay relates inversely to the level of short interest and is robust when controlling explicitly for the NASDAQ bubble. Second, this relation is driven by stocks that are most likely constrained. Third, we find that Delay’s return premium is decreasing in the level of short interest. Fourth, the ability of short sellers to reduce the return premium commanded by Delay is weaker during the bubble period than during the non-bubble period and driven by stocks that are most likely constrained. Combined, our results indicate that short sellers (i) attenuate the flow of information into stock prices, particularly for stocks that are more likely constrained, (ii) can reduce the return premium commanded by Delay, and (iii) can improve their profitability by targeting stocks with higher Delay.
Effects of stocking rate, forage management, and grazing management on performance and economics of cow–calf production in Southwest Arkansas

The objective this research was to determine the effect of application of multiple grazing management practices at 2 stocking rates (SR) on the productivity and economics of the cow-calf enterprise in the Southeastern United States over a 4-yr period. Pasture management systems included: continuous grazing management at a moderate SR (0.8 ha/cow; CG) without additional forage management, rotational grazing management at a moderate SR (0.8 ha/cow (MR) with addition of stockpiled bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers.] and complementary cool season annuals, and rotational grazing management similar to MR but with a high SR (0.4 ha/cow; HR). Stockpiling in MR and HR was managed by fertilization of 0.2 ha/cow of bermudagrass in early August with 168 kg ammonium nitrate and deferring grazing until November. Wheat (; 112 kg/ha) and annual ryegrass ( Lam.; 28 kg/ha) were interseeded (0.2 ha/cow) in HR and MR with a no-till drill in the fall. Cow and calf performance and economics data were analyzed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) and pregnancy percentage was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS; pasture was the experimental unit and year was the random block. Hay feeding days decreased ( < 0.01) from 107 ± 10.9 d for CG to 37 ± 10.9 d for HR, which was further reduced ( = 0.01) to 15 ± 10.9 d for MR. Pregnancy percentage did not differ ( = 0.20) among treatments. Weaning BW in CG (237 ± 7.3 kg) tended ( = 0.09) to be greater than in MR (227 ± 7.3 kg) and were greater ( < 0.01) than in HR (219 ± 7.3 kg). However, total weaning BW per hectare was 89% greater ( < 0.01) for HR compared with CG and MR, which did not differ ( = 0.31). With rotational stocking, there was the opportunity to harvest excess forage as hay in both MR and HR with a net value of US$52.90/ha ± 25.73 and $15.50/ha ± 25.73, respectively. Net returns per hectare did not differ ( = 0.30) between CG ($429 ± 63.0/ha) and MR ($479 ± 63.0/ha) but were increased ( < 0.01) by 107% by HR ($1,024 ± 63.0/ha). Using rotational grazing, stockpiled bermudagrass, and complementary cool-season annual grasses can drastically reduce winter feed requirements and simultaneously increase carrying capacity and net return.
X-ray Topography and EBIC Studies of Misfit Dislocations in Strained Layer Structures

X-ray topography(XRT) and EBIC have been used to study the generation of misfit dislocations in strained layer structures. Two structures studied were GaAs1−yPy(y=0.15) film and SLS consisting of InxGa1−xAs(x=0.08) and GaAS1−yPy(y=0.16) layers. XRT and EBIC techniques gave consistent results for the behavior of dislocations. The value of the critical thickness for generation of misfit dislocations in the former was found to be few times larger than that in the latter. EBIC image showed that a SLS lattice matched to the substrate is effective in reducing defects originating from the substrate.
Thermomechanical Behavior of Tantalum Thin Films: The Effects of Oxygen and the β – α Phase Transformation

β-Ta films were prepared in an ultra-high vacuum sputter deposition system, and the stresses that arose during thermal cycles to 750° C were measured using an in situ substrate curvature measurement system. The oxygen content in the environment was controlled during both deposition and thermomechanical testing. In films with no added oxygen, phase transformation from β to α takes place in distinct “jumps.” Addition of controlled amounts of oxygen to the annealing atmosphere led to increases in compressive stress, inhibited the phase transformation, and altered the magnitudes of the “jumps” in stress. The stresses in Ta films were found to be sensitive to oxygen content as well as thermal history.
Discussion about Training Model of Utility Business Management Personnel

Talented person's train way and train goal must adapt the economical development,must be able to satisfy the changing market demand.It's the urgent need of entire economic and society development which raises utility business management personnel.We should hold the advantageous historical opportunity and breakthrough traditional business management teaching layered fetter.In order to train ap-plication business management personnel,we must optimize curriculum system,enhance practice teaching,take the personnel market demand as the guidance.
Optimization of Aryl Amides that Extend Survival in Prion-Infected Mice

Developing therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) prevalent in the aging population remains a daunting challenge. With the growing understanding that many NDs progress by conformational self-templating of specific proteins, the prototypical prion diseases offer a platform for ND drug discovery. We evaluated high-throughput screening hits with the aryl amide scaffold and explored the structure-activity relationships around three series differing in their N-aryl core: benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and cyano. Potent anti-prion compounds were advanced to pharmacokinetic studies, and the resulting brain-penetrant leads from each series, together with a related N-aryl piperazine lead, were escalated to long-term dosing and efficacy studies. Compounds from each of the four series doubled the survival of mice infected with a mouse-passaged prion strain. Treatment with aryl amides altered prion strain properties, as evidenced by the distinct patterns of neuropathological deposition of prion protein and associated astrocytic gliosis in the brain; however, none of the aryl amide compounds resulted in drug-resistant prion strains, in contrast to previous studies on compounds with the 2-aminothiazole (2-AMT) scaffold. As seen with 2-AMTs and other effective anti-prion compounds reported to date, the novel aryl amides reported here were ineffective in prolonging the survival of transgenic mice infected with human prions. Most encouraging is our discovery that aryl amides show that the development of drug resistance is not an inevitable consequence of efficacious anti-prion therapeutics.
Comparing Trends Between Food Insecurity and Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States, 1998 to 2011

Purpose:Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with higher rates and severity of food insecurity but do not address how population-level smoking rates change in response t...