cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ozone and childhood respiratory disease in three US cities: evaluation of effect measure modification by neighborhood socioeconomic status using a Bayesian hierarchical approach.

Ground-level ozone is a potent airway irritant and a determinant of respiratory morbidity. Susceptibility to the health effects of ambient ozone may be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Questions remain regarding the manner and extent that factors such as SES influence ozone-related health effects, particularly across different study areas. Using a 2-stage modeling approach we evaluated neighborhood SES as a modifier of ozone-related pediatric respiratory morbidity in Atlanta, Dallas, & St. Louis. We acquired multi-year data on emergency department (ED) visits among 5–18 year olds with a primary diagnosis of respiratory disease in each city. Daily concentrations of 8-h maximum ambient ozone were estimated for all ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) in each city by fusing observed concentration data from available network monitors with simulations from an emissions-based chemical transport model. In the first stage, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate ZCTA-specific odds ratios (OR) between ozone and respiratory ED visits, controlling for temporal trends and meteorology. In the second stage, we combined ZCTA-level estimates in a Bayesian hierarchical model to assess overall associations and effect modification by neighborhood SES considering categorical and continuous SES indicators (e.g., ZCTA-specific levels of poverty). We estimated ORs and 95% posterior intervals (PI) for a 25 ppb increase in ozone. The hierarchical model combined effect estimates from 179 ZCTAs in Atlanta, 205 ZCTAs in Dallas, and 151 ZCTAs in St. Louis. The strongest overall association of ozone and pediatric respiratory disease was in Atlanta (OR = 1.08, 95% PI: 1.06, 1.11), followed by Dallas (OR = 1.04, 95% PI: 1.01, 1.07) and St. Louis (OR = 1.03, 95% PI: 0.99, 1.07). Patterns of association across levels of neighborhood SES in each city suggested stronger ORs in low compared to high SES areas, with some evidence of non-linear effect modification. Results suggest that ozone is associated with pediatric respiratory morbidity in multiple US cities; neighborhood SES may modify this association in a non-linear manner. In each city, children living in low SES environments appear to be especially vulnerable given positive ORs and high underlying rates of respiratory morbidity.
The Rhetorical Form of Antilogic

We can begin this examination of rhetorical form with an artificial but helpful distinction between antilogic as a techne, or set of practical skills, and antilogic as praxis, a more general capacity for action We know from David Roochnik that the term techne was derived from the Indo-European root for “wood,” and that a tekton was a woodworker (1990, 18) Over time, the Greek term came to indicate specific skills “uniquely possessed by one member of the community,” especially those skills that required an ability for making intellectual calculations, so that the technai came to include arithmetic as well as carpentry Roochnik concludes that all such skills are relatively precise (e.g., medicine), have a determinate subject matter (woodworking, numbers), and are value neutral (can be used for good or ill; 20–21) With this working description, we can posit certain features of antilogic that could be classified as “technical”; but we should be careful in doing so, for an over-scrupulous attempt to calculate the precise form of antilogic runs the risk of diverting attention to the peripheral and hypostatizing what in actual practice is dynamic.
Exchange Equilibrium and Inter-Crystalline Fractionation

The distribution of an element between coexisting phases depends on the P-T condition to which they have equilibrated and, in general, also on the composition of the mineral phases. For thermodynamic analysis, it is convenient to treat these distributions in terms of what is known as exchange equilibrium, the basic concept of which was first introduced by Ramberg and DeVore (1951) in the geologic literature. A general discussion of the theory was presented by Kretz (1961), who also made the first systematic study (Kretz 1959) of element distribution between coexisting minerals in natural rocks. For the purpose of developing the theory, let us consider the fractionation of Fe2+ and Mg between coexisting garnet and biotite, which can be expressed through the following exchange reaction: $$ \mathop{{1/3M{g_3}A{l_2}}}\limits^{{Gt}} S{i_3}{O_{{12}}} + \mathop{{1/3KF{e_3}Al}}\limits^{{Bt}} S{i_3}{O_{{10}}}{(OH)_2} \rightleftarrows \mathop{{1/3F{e_3}A{l_2}}}\limits^{{Gt}} S{i_3}{O_{{12}}} + \mathop{{1/3KM{g_3}Al}}\limits^{{Bt}} S{i_3}{O_{{10}}}{(OH)_2} $$ (a) At equilibrium at P and T $$ {K_{{(a)}}}\left( {P,T} \right) = \exp \left( {\frac{{ - \Delta G*\left( {P,T} \right)}}{{RT}}} \right) = \frac{{{{\left( {a_{{Alm}}^{{Gt}}} \right)}^{{1/3}}}{{\left( {a_{{Ph}}^{{Bt}}} \right)}^{{1/3}}}}}{{{{\left( {a_{{Py}}^{{Gt}}} \right)}^{{1/3}}}{{\left( {a_{{Ann}}^{{Bt}}} \right)}^{{1/3}}}}} $$ (6.1) where Alm (almandine) ≡ Fe3Al2Si3O12, Py (pyrope) ≡ Mg3Al2Si3O12, Ph (phlogopite) ≡ KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2, and Ann (annite) ≡ KF3AlSi3O10(OH)2.
States With Medically Needy Pathways: Differences in Long-Term and Temporary Medicaid Entry for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries:

Medically needy pathways may provide temporary catastrophic coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries who do not otherwise qualify for full Medicaid benefits. Between January 2009 and June 2010, states with medically needy pathways had a higher percentage of low-income beneficiaries join Medicaid than states without such programs (7.5% vs. 4.1%, p < .01). However, among new full Medicaid participants, living in a state with a medically needy pathway was associated with a 3.8 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [1.8, 5.8]) increase in the probability of switching to partial Medicaid and a 4.5 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [2.9, 6.2]) increase in the probability of exiting Medicaid within 12 months. The predicted risk of leaving Medicaid was greatest when new Medicaid participants used only hospital services, rather than nursing home services, in their first month of Medicaid benefits. Alternative strategies for protecting low-income Medicare beneficiaries' access to care could provide more stable coverage.
How Do You Facebook? The Gendered Characteristics of Online Interaction

The ever expanding aspects of the internet continues to provide new topics for social research. The current internet phenomena of interest is Facebook. Facebook is designed to connect people to one another through virtual networks of “friends” where members participate in the presentation of self virtually—through profile creation, maintenance, and exchanges of content. Facebook offers a unique location for people to control their presentation of self leading researchers to formulate two primary trends: this specific arena enables people to create an ideal or an enhanced self, and people enact greater disclosure and share personal information openly on Facebook. This chapter will address how people use Facebook while focusing on the inconsistencies and congruencies among the genders.
Oncoplastic Techniques for Breast Conservation

Oncoplastic breast surgery techniques have been developed over the past several years, allowing for improved cosmesis and bilateral symmetry in the setting of an oncologically sound procedure. Techniques including the combination of a partial mastectomy with a reduction mammoplasty, lateral or medial approaches, parenchymal rearrangement surgery, and flexible pedicle-based reconstructions are all appropriate for a general surgeon to master.
The Observed Variations of Ionospheric Electron Content

A brief review is given of the behaviour of the electron content of the ionosphere and its variations that has been obtained from beacon satellite studies. This includes the daily variation, the day-to-day and hour-to-hour variability, the 27-day variation, the annual(seasonal), semi-annual and solar cycle variations and variations associated with geomagnetic disturbance and storms. It is remarkable that we are still far from a complete understanding of the causes of most of these phenomena.
Reliability Studies of 5 µm Diameter Photo Vias with Daisy Chain Resistance Using Dry Film Photosensitive Dielectric Material

This paper will demonstrate reliability of via diameter below 5 µm using panel-scalable dry film photosensitive dielectric. The dielectric used is IF4600 series, an epoxy based dry film photosensitive dielectric. The test vehicle comprising of daisy chain of microvias was patterned using semi-additive process. A novel dry film photoresist was used for patterning the daisy chain structure. Thermal cycling reliability studies will be performed to detect any failures in the microvia structures. The scaling down of microvias below 5 µm diameters with dry film photosensitive dielectrics will enable high density redistribution layer (RDL) technology for panel-based fan-out and interposer substrates.
National Guideline Clearinghouse Is No More: Keep Calm and Search On:

In July 2018, the National Guideline Clearinghouse lost funding, leaving fewer freely available online guideline collections. Based on the authors' experience of the 3 major guideline-focused databases that are currently available (Guidelines International Network, the Turning Research into Practice database, and Guideline Central) an easy to use resource with stringent inclusion criteria is currently lacking, though new resources are in development. These 3 resources vary in scope, and none stood out as an all-encompassing favorite. Regardless of the source used to find and access guidelines, clinicians must evaluate guideline quality and currency before using them in clinical practice.
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis

Omphaloceles are midline abdominal wall defects with a peritoneal membrane covering the abdominal contents. Gastroschisis occurs usually to the right of the umbilical cord, with eviscerated abdominal contents that are not surrounded by a peritoneal covering. Omphaloceles are associated with numerous congenital anomalies. Both are typically diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. Gastroschisis and omphalocele defects are covered with saline moistened gauze, and infants with gastroschisis are placed inside a plastic bag-like device. Surgical management of gastroschisis typically consists of placing abdominal contents into the abdominal cavity and repairing the defect primarily or covering to allow closure by second intention healing. If the bowel is too distended, it can be placed within a silo and slowly reduced back into the abdomen prior to closure. Omphalocele repair is more complex and varies by size and associated congenital malformations. The repairs can be described as immediate (small to medium), staged (medium to large), or delayed (giant).
Regulations in Poultry Meat Processing

Global production of poultry meat has been growing steadily since 2012, reaching record numbers in recent years (USDA 2017). Poultry is currently the second highest-consumed meat worldwide, and its global demand is projected to increase faster than other common meat types (USDA 2017). According to reports by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA 2017), the USA is the largest producer of broiler meat, accounting for more than 20% of all poultry production followed by Brazil, the European Union, and China. Furthermore, poultry meat has become an essential part of the diet among consumers in the USA, as the per capita consumption has doubled since 1980 (NCC 2017). This significant increase in consumption coupled with intensified production and processing practices has placed poultry as the most common food in disease outbreaks with confirmed pathogens in the USA (Chai et al. 2017).
Preliminary Evidence that Melatonin Is not a Biomarker in Children and Adolescents With Episodic Migraine

Background To date, there have not been reliable biomarkers to identify impending migraine episodes. A prior study in adults with migraine demonstrated a reduction in the urinary metabolic substrate of melatonin (urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin; aMT6s) during a migraine. The aim of this study was to examine whether evening urinary melatonin metabolite levels could predict migraine the next day in children and adolescents with migraine. Methods Twenty-one children and adolescents with migraine (aged 5-17 years) were recruited to this observational study conducted at UC San Francisco to provide urine samples for 10 days and maintain a prospective headache diary during the same period. Nightly melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was assayed and results from nights preceding migraine were compared to nights preceding a non-headache day. Results Mean (±SD) aMT6s levels the night prior to a migraine attack were 56.2 ± 39.0 vs 55.4 ± 46.6 ng/mL (P = .915), and mean melatonin metabolite levels the night following migraine were 55.5 ± 46.9 vs 57.0 ± 37.7 ng/mL (P = .841). However, in post hoc exploratory analyses, aMT6s levels were lower the night before a migraine in those who experienced aura or premonitory symptoms. Conclusion While urinary melatonin metabolites do not predict migraine attacks in children and adolescents overall, they may be predictive in those who experience premonitory phase symptoms as part of their migraine attacks.
Novel small molecule, WZB117, competitively inhibit GLUT1-mediated glucose transport to halt cancer growth

GLUT1-mediated cellular glucose transport is required to fuel anaerobic metabolism in proliferating cancer cells. Accordingly, GLUT1 inhibition by small molecules is a viable strategy to halt the p...
Missing in Action: Affectivity in Being and Time

Despite the importance that Heidegger assigns to affectivity structurally in Being and Time, accounts of the relevant sorts of affectivity are frequently and, in some cases, perhaps even egregiously missing from existential analyses that form the centerpiece of the work. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate as much. After recounting the considerable insights of Heidegger’s general account of disposedness and affectivity and the fundamental status he assigns to them, the focus of the chapter turns to the secondary status often accorded them in the first half of Being and Time and the seemingly crucial absence of an adequate account of the affective dimension of authentic existence, in the second half of the work. After making the argument that, according to Heidegger’s own criterion, the adequate rootedness of the existential analysis demands a more robust account of the affective character of existing authentically, the chapter concludes with an open question about the mood of undertaking the existential analysis itself.
Microchip AVR® Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing, Third Edition

Abstract This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers a primer on the Microchip AVR® microcontroller. The revised title of this book reflects the 2016 Microchip Technology acquisition...
Toward Markerless Image-Guided Radiotherapy Using Deep Learning for Prostate Cancer.

Current image-guided prostate radiotherapy often relies on the use of implanted fiducial markers (FMs) or transducers for target localization. Fiducial or transducer insertion requires an invasive procedure that adds cost and risks for bleeding, infection and discomfort to some patients. We are developing a novel markerless prostate localization strategy using a pre-trained deep learning model to interpret routine projection kV X-ray images without the need for daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A deep learning model was first trained by using one thousand annotated projection X-ray images. The trained model is capable of identifying the location of the prostate target for a given input X-ray projection image. To assess the accuracy of the approach, six patients with prostate cancer received volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were retrospectively studied. The results obtained by using the deep learning model and the actual position of the prostate were compared quantitatively. Differences between the predicted target positions using DNN and their actual positions are (mean ± standard deviation) \(1.66\,\pm \,0.41\) mm, \(1.63\,\pm \,0.48\) mm, and 1.64 ± 0.28 mm in anterior-posterior, lateral, and oblique directions, respectively. Target position provided by the deep learning model for the kV images acquired using OBI is found to be consistent that derived from the implanted FMs. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that highly accurate markerless prostate localization based on deep learning is achievable. The strategy provides a clinically valuable solution to daily patient positioning and real-time target tracking for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and interventions.
Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields

Cluster lensing has become an important tool in the search for high redshift galaxies through its ability to magnify sources. In order to determine the intrinsic properties of these galaxies, lensing mass models must be constructed to determine the magnification of the images. These models are traditionally two-dimensional, focusing on the mass within the cluster and either ignoring or approximating any contribution from line-of-sight galaxies. In this paper, we present the first full set of three-dimensional mass models of the six Hubble Frontier Fields and use them to test for systematic biases in magnifications due to using the traditional 2D approach. We find that omitting foreground or background galaxies causes image position offsets between 0.1-0.4", a non-negligible fraction of the typical 0.3-0.7" residuals of current state-of-the-art models. We also find that median image magnifications can shift by up to 6%, though it is dependent on the field. This can be alleviated in some cases by approximating the mass in the lensing plane, but a 5% magnification bias still exists in other cases; image position offsets are also improved, but are still present at 0.10".
Texture in Quantitative Viscoelastic Response (QVisR) Images Differentiates Dystrophic from Control Skeletal Muscles in Boys, In Vivo

Quantitative Viscoelastic Response (QVisR) ultrasound is a new machine learning-based elasticity imaging method in which elastic and viscous moduli are estimated from tissue deformation in response to two consecutive acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitations. The estimated moduli are rendered into two-dimensional parametric images of elastic and viscous modulus. From QVisR images, the spatial distribution of elastic and viscous properties may be evaluated using established computational texture analysis tools. In this study, computational texture analysis by the omnidirectional gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM) was applied to QVisR images. The images were obtained in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of 11 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, aged 5-12 years, and 8 age-matched boys with no known neuromuscular disorders, who served as controls. GLRLM-derived elastic entropy in QVisR images was statistically higher (Wilcoxin, p<0.05) in the VL muscles of boys with DMD than control for ages between 5.5 and 7 years. This result is consistent with expected heterogeneous distribution of inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and fat in early stages of dystrophic degeneration. The findings suggest that texture in QVisR images may be a relevant biomarker for DMD progression and response to treatment, particularly at young ages when interventions are likely to be most impactful.
Shifting Trends in Admission Patterns of an Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit in the State of New York.

Introduction Deinstitutionalization has led to various changes in the utilization of healthcare services. The increased focus on treating patients within the community has led to variations in the utilization patterns of inpatient units. Shifts in demographic variables and disease-related, system-based, and economic factors have been observed. Due to the paucity of recent literature, this study was planned to assess the characteristics and treatment patterns in an acute inpatient psychiatric unit of a university hospital. Methods A retrospective observational study reviewing electronic medical records of patients in the context of demographic, disease-related, treatment-related, and system-based data was conducted over five years. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Linear regression was used to study each variable across time. Results There was an increase in neurodevelopmental disorders (p = 0.024), substance use disorders (p = 0.041), and trauma and stressor-related disorders (p = 0.012), with a decrease in depressive disorders (p = 0.047). The use of restraints (p = 0.035) has increased significantly during the same period. Conclusion This study gives us an insight into the changing trends in patient characteristics which have the potential to inform the creation of improved services.
Smart-Power: A Smart Cyber-Physical System to Detect IoT Security Threat through Behavioral Power Profiling

Recently, the security of heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) devices has become a major concern of every Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Efficient power measurement in smart IoT devices has become one of the key research topics. Power optimization of current IoT technology allows the development of many IoT-based applications. In this paper, we design and develop a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to detect IoT security threats via behavioral power profiling of a heterogeneous wireless sensor device using a smartphone. Experimentation and verification have been conducted on a sample of smart IoT devices with different test scenarios including the device in an Idle state, Active state, Idle, and Active with distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, Idle, and Active with a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack. We propose to use the device power consumption rate with and without attack to predict and detect a security threat using logistic regression techniques. The proposed system can detect a potential security threat with an average accuracy of 74% and a device high of 85%.
The histone and non-histone methyllysine reader activities of the UHRF1 tandem Tudor domain are dispensable for the propagation of aberrant DNA methylation patterning in cancer cells

The chromatin-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) contributes to the maintenance of aberrant DNA methylation patterning in cancer cells through multivalent histone and DNA recognition. The tandem Tudor domain (TTD) of UHRF1 is well-characterized as a reader of lysine 9 di- and tri-methylation on histone H3 (H3K9me2/me3) and, more recently, lysine 126 di- and tri-methylation on DNA ligase 1 (LIG1K126me2/me3). However, the functional significance and selectivity of these interactions remain unclear. In this study, we used protein domain microarrays to search for additional readers of LIG1K126me2, the preferred methyl state bound by the UHRF1 TTD. We show that the UHRF1 TTD binds LIG1K126me2 with high affinity and selectivity compared to other known methyllysine readers. Notably, and unlike H3K9me2/me3, the UHRF1 plant homeodomain (PHD) and its N-terminal linker (L2) do not contribute to multivalent LIG1K126me2 recognition along with the TTD. To test the functional significance of this interaction, we designed a LIG1K126me2 cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Consistent with LIG1 knockdown, uptake of the CPP had no significant effect on the propagation of DNA methylation patterning across the genomes of bulk populations from high-resolution analysis of several cancer cell lines. Further, we did not detect significant changes in DNA methylation patterning from bulk cell populations after chemical or genetic disruption of lysine methyltransferase activity associated with LIG1K126me2 and H3K9me2. Collectively, these studies identify UHRF1 as a selective reader of LIG1K126me2 in vitro and further implicate the histone and non-histone methyllysine reader activity of the UHRF1 TTD as a dispensable domain function for cancer cell DNA methylation maintenance.
Associations Between Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Affective Vulnerability Factors, Negative Reinforcement Drinking Motives, and Problematic Alcohol Use among Undergraduates.

Anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation difficulties have each demonstrated significant individual associations with problematic alcohol use and negative reinforcement motiv...
Bioturbation frequency alters methane emissions from reservoir sediments.

Abstract Inland aquatic systems are major global contributors to the atmospheric carbon budget through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, although the amount and form of carbon released varies widely across and within systems. Bioturbation of aquatic sediments can impact biogeochemical conditions and physically release sediment-bound bubbles containing GHGs, but variation in the frequency of such disturbance may modify the rate and composition of resulting GHG emissions. We hypothesized that an intermediate bioturbation frequency would result in the greatest methane (CH4) releases due to mechanical release of trapped bubbles, while frequent disturbance would result in greater diffusive carbon dioxide (CO2) releases relative to CH4, due to increased aeration of the sediment. We tested this bioturbation frequency hypothesis using laboratory mesocosms containing homogenized reservoir sediment. We used mechanical disturbance to simulate bioturbation at 3, 7, 14, or 21-day intervals; a control treatment was undisturbed for the duration of the experiment. We measured GHG emission (ebullition and diffusion) rates. An intermediate frequency of disturbance (7 days) produced the highest total GHG emission rate, while the most frequent disturbance interval (3 days) and least frequent interval (0 days) reduced overall GHG emissions relative to weekly disturbance by 24% and 15%, respectively. These patterns were primarily driven by differences in CH4 ebullition. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no relationship between disturbance frequency and diffusive CO2 emissions. For all disturbance treatments, the majority of ebullition occurred during disturbance events, suggesting mechanical release of entrapped bubbles is an important emission mechanism. The frequency of disturbance has variable effects on GHG emissions and may explain conflicting results in prior studies of bioturbation. Our study provides insight into bioturbation as a driver of within-system variation in GHG emissions and highlights that variable bioturbation frequency results in non-linear responses in CH4 emissions, a globally important GHG, from reservoir sediments.
Anchoring on COVID-19: A Case Report of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Masquerading as COVID-19

Introduction: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted through the deer tick. Most cases are mild and can be managed as an outpatient, but rare cases can produce severe symptoms.Case Report: A 43-year-old male presented with severe respiratory distress mimicking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Labs and imaging were consistent with COVID-19; however, polymerase chain reaction was negative twice. Peripheral smear revealed inclusion bodies consistent with HGA.Conclusion: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an uncommon diagnosis and rarely causes severe disease. Recognition of unique presentations can aid in quicker diagnosis, especially when mimicking presentations frequently seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Isospin Dependence of Transverse Flow

Collective transverse flow can provide information about nuclear reactions at intermediate energy and details of the nuclear equation of state (EOS)[1, 2]. One of the most compelling observables related to transverse flow is the incident energy at which the attractive mean field balances the repulsive nucleon-nucleon scattering. This energy is called the balance energy, E bal ,[3] and can be related to various properties of the EOS through transport models such as the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uehlenbeck (BUU) model. In this paper, we will relate E bal to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections [4, 5].
A high brightness field emission display

Summary form only given. The technical objective of the Raytheon development program is to develop a high performance, full color, FED Panel that meets the performance and environmental operating condition requirements specified for military and other high performance display applications. This Flat Display Panel may be integrated into any display application currently being satisfied by current state-of-the-art display technology. The technical approach is to utilize Raytheon's novel technique of an FED tetrode. The cathode is a conventional Field Emission Cathode with an integral emitter and control gate. A high voltage anode is required to give the desired brightness. The higher electric fields require a large anode/cathode gap as compared to low voltage FED's. This precludes the use of proximity focusing that is used in low voltage FED's. To solve this problem, an intermediate focus grid is mechanically placed between the cathode and anode. The focus grid serves three functions. First, it scrapes off the high angle electrons. Second, it focuses the electrons that make it through the focus holes. Third it protects the cathode from high voltage anode arcs. The mechanical design is comprised of a glass cathode, glass anode, glass rear cover, and metal focus grid. The assembly is frit sealed using conventional CRT techniques. There is also a parallel high voltage power supply, driver electronics, and interconnect effort to develop the components to drive the display in full video mode. Working prototype FED's are demonstrated.
Rethinking Roth IRA Conversions in 2010

This article analyzes the pros and cons of making a Roth IRA conversion, the mechanics to do the conversion, and how to undo it. The strategy takes on new importance in the years 2011 and 2012 with the looming 3.8% health care tax on investment income beginning in 2013. IRA owners may want to lock in the lower "Bush income tax rates" of 2011 and 2012, especially if they can make the conversion at time when the value of the IRA assets are low because of volatile swings in the stock market. A Roth IRA conversion will be less attractive after 2012 if it could bring a person’s income over $200,000 ($250,000 on a joint return) and thereby trigger that tax. Although retirement plan distributions are exempt from the 3.8% surtax, the conversion could cause other investment income to be subject to the tax. The downside of a Roth IRA conversion is that it takes taxable income that would have been spread over many years of retirement and accelerates the taxation of that income into one year (e.g., 2012). Despite the up-front tax cost, Professor Hoyt identifies five situations when the benefits of the conversion can exceed the cost. These include being free from required minimum distributions (RMDs) after attaining age 70 ½ and state income tax savings for people who live in one of the nine states that has no state income tax (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming) or in a state that exempts retirement income from tax (e.g., Illinois) and who might move to a different state. The article was written in 2010 before the "Bush Tax Cuts" were extended into 2011 & 2012, so the principal update to the analysis in the article is to substitute "2011-2012" for 2010.
Japanese and Western Bioethics: Studies in Moral Diversity

The essays in this volume, while exploring bioethical issues concerning death and dying, the use of scarce resources, and genetic interventions, also implicitly, and at times explicitly, compare Japanese and Western approaches to bioethics. As this volume shows, there are similarities. There are also marked differences. The similarities reflect a common attempt outside of any particular culture to find morally justified bases for collaboration when individuals do not share taken-for-granted understandings of the proper use of health care and the correct ways to collaborate. Both Japanese and Western scholars recognize the challenge of articulating a moral framework when they do not find themselves part of a particular moral community sharing a particular content-full morality. Similarities derive as well from content-full Western moral understandings that have been exported to Japan and which for better and worse have changed Japan. They also derive from Japan’s exposure to the post-traditional character of our age. Many of the dissimilarities between Japan and the West stem from the circumstance that Japan still remains in great measure a traditional society with strong commitments to family and community. Japanese still share many common understandings of values. The dissimilarities stem in addition from the impact of the West’s long struggles with its own moral diversity.
The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on histamine release from human basophils: I. Enhancement of immunologic release by LPS

Preincubation of human basophils with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from the heptose-deficient mutant Salmonella minnesota R595 enhanced by an average of sixfold the response of peripheral blood basophils obtained from allergic donors to several allergens in vitro as judged by release of histamine. Enhancement occurred at suboptimal, optimal, and supraoptimal concentrations of antigen. No effect was seen if basophils were from a nonallergic donor, and LPS by itself rarely caused histamine release from any preparation of basophils. However, histamine release in basophils from nonallergic donors induced by antibody directed against IgE (anti-IgE) also was enhanced by LPS. Potentiation of histamine release occurred if basophils were pretreated with LPS before addition of anti-IgE for as little as 5 min; there was no increase in release if anti-IgE and LPS were added simultaneously to cells. LPS enhanced the rate of release without altering duration of the release response. LPS potentiation of release of histamine by F(ab')2 fragments of anti-IgE was equivalent to its effect on release triggered by the intact antibody molecule, confirming that the effect of LPS is not due solely to its interaction with the Fc component of the anti-IgE. These data thus provide evidence for modulation of basophil response to IgE-mediated stimuli by LPS, resulting in a significant enhancement of response. Enhancement by LPS appears to be independent of the stimulus which triggers the IgE receptor. The contribution of this mechanism to allergic disease or asthma remains to be determined.
Location of Port-Wine Stains and Likelihood of Complications

To the Editor.— I read with interest Location of Port-Wine Stains and the Likelihood of Ophthalmic and/or Central Nervous System Complications by Tallman et al.1 Knowing the incidence of complications in patients with port-wine stains (PWS) is important, both for counseling families regarding risks and for justifying screening recommendations. Although the article provides some useful information, I feel that further comment is warranted. The authors found a 7% incidence of glaucoma in patients with PWS in the trigeminal distribution (18 of 274 patients).
Universally Accessible Web Resources: Designing for People with Disabilities

The universal design of Web resources is beneficial for all users, including people with disabilities. The basis of universal design is to provide users with options and control over how they view information on the Web. Universal design easily adapts to user capabilities or the capabilities of the technologies they are using. Users with visual impairments can style the text on the page to be easier to read. Able-bodied users using Personal Digital Assistants or speech-based telephone browsers can access content just as easily as someone viewing the information in a graphical rendering since the structure of the information is separated from the style of rendering. Even graphical renderings are enhanced since Web resources adapt to the dimensions and resolutions of the user's display settings. Universally designed resources can be as graphically rich as other Web resources, but use different technologies to create the graphical effects. Keywords: disability; keyboard shortcuts; screen magnifier; screen reader; speech browsing; text equivalent; universal design
Myocardial adenosine A1 and A2 receptor activities during juvenile and adult stages of development

Myocardial contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation is known to be reduced with maturation or aging. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of antiadrenergic A1 and stimulatory A2 adenosine receptors in the modulation of beta-adrenergic-elicited contractile performance of the heart at juvenile (approximately 25 days) and adult (approximately 79 days) stages of maturation. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, at 10(-7) M produced a greater maximal increase in contractility, assessed as the maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dtmax), in immature than in mature hearts (104 and 80%, respectively), but produced a greater increase in venous adenosine concentration in the mature than in the immature hearts (738 and 277 nM, respectively). Isoproterenol at 10(-9) to 10(-8) M produced similar increases in contractility in the absence or presence of the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist xanthine amine congener (XAC; 0.5 microM) for both immature and mature hearts. In addition, XAC did not alter the isoproterenol-elicited contractile response in the immature heart during hypoperfusion induced by 50% reduction of coronary flow. However, in the mature heart, 10(-8) M isoproterenol elicited a significantly greater increase in +dP/dtmax during hypoperfusion in the presence (79%) vs. the absence (60%) of XAC. In both immature and mature hearts, hypoperfusion enhanced isoproterenol-elicited venous adenosine concentration by similar magnitudes of 76 and 72%, respectively. In further studies, the A2 adenosine receptor antagonist 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (CGS-15943; 1 microM) reduced the isoproterenol-elicited contractile response of mature but not immature hearts during normal perfusion. These results suggest that myocardial adenosine modulates the beta-adrenergic-elicited contractile response of the adult heart via activation of both A1 and A2 adenosine receptors and that these functions of adenosine become expressed with myocardial maturation.
Living on the edge in an ancient imperial world: Aztec crime and deviance

The ancient Aztecs created the largest empire in the prehistory of Mesoamerica. During this brief period (1428–1521 AD), Aztec life was complex and volatile. This article treats the place of crime and deviance within this dynamic setting, exploring (1) the Aztec historical and institutional context for living a proper (and improper) life, (2) recorded and expected realms of criminal and deviant behaviour, (3) opportunities for malfeasance and those who took advantage of them and (4) the manner in which Aztec institutions and powerful individuals dealt with crime and deviance. These dimensions provide the basis for an explanatory discussion of the presence or absence of organised crime in Aztec life.
Neoadjuvant docetaxel and estramustine chemotherapy in high-risk/locallyadvanced prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant docetaxel and estramustine in patients with high-risk, newly diagnosed, prostate cancer. Methods Eligible patients had prostate cancer with one or more of the following criteria: clinical Stage T2b or greater, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 15 ng/mL or greater, and/or Gleason score of 8 to 10. Chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel (70 mg/m 2 ) on day 1 and estramustine (280 mg three times daily) on days 1 to 3 every 21 days for three to six courses. This was followed by local therapy, as deemed appropriate. Results Twenty-one patients with a median age of 60 years, median PSA level of 16.1 ng/mL (range 2.4 to 175), and median baseline testosterone of 3.4 ng/mL were enrolled. Seven patients met one of the inclusion criteria, 10 met two, and 4 met three. The Gleason score was 8 or greater in 14 patients. A median of five cycles of chemotherapy was delivered. The most frequent high-grade toxicities were grade 3 (8 patients) and 4 (1 patient) neutropenia and deep venous thrombosis (grade 3 in 2 patients) before institution of low-dose warfarin. All patients responded as determined by protocol-defined criteria. Ten patients underwent radical prostatectomy, with negative surgical margins in 7 patients, and 11 received radiotherapy with negative preradiotherapy biopsies in 2. Conclusions Induction docetaxel and estramustine is well tolerated and feasible in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk prostate cancer. This combination is active; however, its efficacy relative to hormonal therapy will require a controlled randomized trial.
Forebrain ischemia produces hippocampal damage and a persistent working memory deficit in rats

Rats subjected to transient forebrain ischemia (postischemic, or PI, rats) were given extensive postoperative training (136 trials) on a radial eight-arm maze to determine whether working memory was permanently impaired. Animals were pretrained to an asymptote performance. After ischemia, PI rats demonstrated a permanent working memory impairment (p.05). Transient forebrain ischemia appears to preferentially damage hippocampal CA1 neurons. These findings provide further evidence that PI rats demonstrate morphologic and behavioral sequelae similar to those of some human survivors of cardiac arrest.
Watch out, MF!

An international group of experts has pooled their data and produced an important new staging system for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Lymphoid malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, myeloma, and acute and chronic lymphoid leukemias, occur in more than 90 000
Single-mode self-pulsing instabilities at the lamb dip of a He–Ne 3.39 μm laser

Abstract A dc-excited 3.39 μm He–Ne laser operated at relatively low pressure displays single-mode instabilities in the vicinity of the Lamb dip when the laser is operated approximately three times above the lasing threshold. Simple periodic behavior (high- Q pulsations), doubly periodic behavior (two pulsing frequencies), period doubling, and quasi-periodic behavior have all been observed within the region of the Lamb dip.
An application of meta-analysis for bankruptcy prediction studies

Abstract The present study investigated the findings of prior research studies on the accuracy of predictions in bankruptcy studies. While studies have reported conflicting ratings of prediction accuracy, they have also conjectured varying explanations for the variations in predictive ability. Through the use of meta-analysis, it was found that the various results did significantly vary. A source for this variation, the setting of priors, was identified.
EFFECTS OF ANXIETY LEVEL AND EXTRAVERSION-INTROVERSION ON PROBABILITY LEARNING'

Suppose an individual has to predict which of two events will occur on each of a series of tries, and one of these events is more likely than the other although boch in fact occur in a random sequence. How often will the rare event be predicted? Two factors might conceivably make for a high rate of predicting the rare event. It is the purpose of this study to separate them and examine their possible relationships to aspects of personality in an older sample. A high rate of predicting the rare event will result if the person assumes there is some pattern to the rare event's occurrence, and tries to solve the problem of accurately predicting when the rare event will occur (the "problem" approach). For such a person, trying to "catch" the rare event's occurrence is a challenge which he accepts: being correct in predicting the rare event is more imporcant to him than being correct in predicting the frequent event. On che other hand, a high rate of predicting the rare event also will result if the person simply isn't sensitive to the infrequency of the rare event and hence treats it as if it occurs more often than it does (the "50:5OW approach). Although boch "problem" and "50:50n approaches lead to more frequent prediction of the rare alternative, the former is a much more "thoughtful" approach to che task than the latter. Can we discinguish the two in terms of some additional response measure? Latency of predicting the rare alternative seems to provide a method. If high frequency of choosing the rare alternative is due to the "problem" approach, then choice of the rare alternative should be preceded by a longer latency than choice of the frequent alternative: S should be especially thoughcful before predicting the rare event since its accurate prediction is the challenge for him; it is the rare event with which his hypotheses specifically are concerned. Predicting the frequent event, on the other hand, is more likely to be correct and hence poses less of a problem. If, on the other hand, high choice frequency for the rare event is due to the "50:50" approach, then S should be about as fast in predicting the rare alternative as he is in predicting the frequent one since he is insensitive to the difference between [hem. Although a frequency measure alone, then, is not sufficient to distinguish [he "problem" and "50:5OP' approaches, measuring latencies as well as frequencies seems co provide a way of making this discrimination. We hence may 'This investigation was supported by a research grant (M-2269) from the National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, conducted under the auspices of The Age Center of New England, Inc. Grateful thanks are due Marguerite Braun, Leonard R. Green, and Lynne Hamilton, for aid in data analysis.
Orthographic Standardization for Trinidad and Tobago: Linguistic and Sociopolitical Considerations in an English Creole Community

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGRechtschreibnormierung fur Trinidad und Tobago: Sprachliche und sozialpolitische Uberlegungen in einer englischsprachigen KreolgesellschaftDie Akzeptanz von Kreolsprachen wachst in immer mehr Anwendungsbereichen und Funktionen. Man hat daher begonnen, Moglichkeiten fur die Normierung ihrer Orthografie zu untersuchen. Der Aufsatz schlagt eine Normrechtschreibung fur die englische Kreolsprache von Trinidad und Tobago vor. Hiermit werden zwei Ziele verfolgt: den Bedurfnissen der dortigen Gesellschaft zu entsprechen, die immer mehr auf Kreolisch schreibt, und ein normgebendes Worterbuch der Sprache zu erstellen. Einer knappen Ubersicht uber die Kreolsprachen der Karibik folgt ein kurzer Uberblick uber die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Sprache einschlieslich der Rechtschreibung auf Trinidad und Tobago. Drei Rechtschreib-modelle - ein phonemisches, ein historisch-etymologisches und ein modifiziertes englisches -werden erortert. Es wird ein "Kontinuummodell" vorgeschlagen.RESUMOOrtografia normigo por Trinidado kaj Tobago:Lingvaj kaj socipolitikaj konsideroj en anglalingva kreola komunumoKreskas la akcepteblo de kreolaj lingvoj en ciam pli da medioj kaj funkcioj. Sekve oni komencas ekzameni vojojn al normigo de iliaj ortografiaj konvencioj. La artikolo proponas normigitan ortografion por la indiĝena angla kreolo de la karibaj insuloj Trinidado kaj Tobago. La motivoj estas du: plenumi la bezonojn de la loka socio, kiu pli kaj pli ofte skribas kreole, kaj pretigi norman vortlibron de la lingvo. Mallongan trarigardon de karibaj indiĝenaj kreoloj sekvas resumo de la historia evoluo de la lingvaĵo de Trinidado kaj Tobago, inkluzive la skribajn konvenciojn. La aiitoro priskribas kaj pritaksas tri ortografiajn modelojn - foneman, historian-etimologian, kaj modifitan anglan - kaj apogas "kontinuan" modelon.