cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IDEAL Inference on Conditional Quantiles via Interpolated Duals of Exact Analytic L-statistics

The literature has two types of fractional order statistics: an `ideal' (unobserved) type based on a beta distribution, and an observable type linearly interpolated between consecutive order statistics. From the nonparametric perspective of local smoothing, we examine inference on conditional quantiles, as well as linear combinations of conditional quantiles and conditional quantile treatment effects. This paper develops a framework for translating the powerful, high-order accurate IDEAL results (Goldman and Kaplan, 2012) from their original unconditional context into a conditional context, via a uniform kernel. Under mild smoothness assumptions, our new conditional IDEAL method's two-sided pointwise coverage probability error is O(n-2/(2+d)), where d is the dimension of the conditioning vector and n is the total sample size. For d ≤ 2, this is better than the conventional inference based on asymptotic normality or a standard bootstrap. It is also better for other d depending on smoothness assumptions. For example, conditional IDEAL is more accurate for d = 3 unless 11 or more derivatives of the unknown function exist and a corresponding local polynomial of degree 11 is used (which has 364 terms since interactions are required). Even as d → ∞, conditional IDEAL is more accurate unless the number of derivatives is at least four, and the number of terms in the corresponding local polynomial goes to infinity as d → ∞. The tradeoff between the effective (local) sample size and bias determines the optimal bandwidth rate, and we propose a feasible plug-in bandwidth. Simulations show that IDEAL is more accurate than popular current methods, significantly reducing size distortion in some cases while substantially increasing power (while still controlling size) in others. Computationally, our new method runs much more quickly than existing methods for medium and large datasets (roughly n ≥ 1000). We also examine health outcomes in Indonesia for an empirical example.
Three Poems from "World Ball Notebook"

game 64i had to wonder what good buddhism was doing her if she still had stringy saliva in the back of her mouth from crying"eat some MEAT, shit," i was thinkingshe's suffering (cackle in some corner of my mind, "you remind me of the gringo turistas in mexico,asking the overworked locals at some streetcorner stand, can i have a tofu taco?,") at tassajara zen centeryou drive out there 17 miles up a dirt road behind big sur, it's not bad, maybe you need 4-wheel drive if it rains supposedlythe food is really good, a cook there wrote the TASSAJARA BREAD BOOK, you know fuck it, i ain't gonna say anything badabout buddhists, but what's up with that, kids can't play in the hot springs-fed pools what kind of meditationcan't co-exist with whooping & hilarity of children?
Use of Polyphenolic Compounds in Dermatologic Oncology

Polyphenols are a widely used class of compounds in dermatology. While phenol itself, the most basic member of the phenol family, is chemically synthesized, most polyphenolic compounds are found in plants and form part of their defense mechanism against decomposition. Polyphenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, play an integral role in preventing the attack on plants by bacteria and fungi, as well as serving as cross-links in plant polymers. There is also mounting evidence that polyphenolic compounds play an important role in human health as well. One of the most important benefits, which puts them in the spotlight of current studies, is their antitumor profile. Some of these polyphenolic compounds have already presented promising results in either in vitro or in vivo studies for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. These compounds act on several biomolecular pathways including cell division cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Indeed, such natural compounds may be of potential for both preventive and therapeutic fields of cancer. This review evaluates the existing scientific literature in order to provide support for new research opportunities using polyphenolic compounds in oncodermatology.
Estimating Logit Models with Spatial Dependence

Much research has been done on estimating models of spatial dependence with continuous random variables [for example, see Ripley (1981), Anselin (1988), Cressie (1991)]. However, relatively little work has been done on incorporating spatial dependencies into models with qualitative dependent variables. Boots and Kanaroglou (1988) have incorporated spatial considerations into a migration model and Anne Case (1992) has done likewise for a model of technology adoption.
Recommendation System Based on Complete Personalization

Current recommender systems are very inefficient. There are many metrics that are used to measure the effectiveness of recommender systems. These metrics often include conversion rate and click through rate. Recently, these rates are in low single digit (less than 10%). In other words, for more than 90% of times, the model that the targeting system is based on, produces noise. The belief in this work is that the main problem leading to getting such unsatisfactory outcomes is the modeling problem. Much of the modeling problem could be represented and exemplified in treating users and items as member of clusters(segments). In this work, we consider full personalization of recommendation systems. We aim at personalization of users and contents simultaneously. Recommendations using baseline approach are inaccurate and targeting based on similarity-based recommendation (collaborative filtering) suffer from many disadvantages such as the neglect of interactive correlation. In this work, similarity based targeting has been combined with baseline approach and latent factor models and has been treated with adaptive regularization allowing complete personalization with respect to both users and items.
Late-time emission of prompt fission γ rays

The emission of prompt fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays within a few nanoseconds to a few microseconds following the scission point is studied in the Hauser-Feshbach formalism applied to the deexcitation of primary excited fission fragments. Neutron and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray evaporations from fully accelerated fission fragments are calculated in competition at each stage of the decay, and the role of isomers in the fission products, before $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay, is analyzed. The time evolution of the average total $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy, the average total $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray multiplicity, and the fragment-specific $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra is presented in the case of neutron-induced fission reactions of $^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$, as well as spontaneous fission of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$. The production of specific isomeric states is calculated and compared to available experimental data. About 7% of all prompt fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays are predicted to be emitted between 10 ns and 5 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ following fission, in the case of $^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}({n}_{\mathrm{th}},f)$ reactions, and up to 3% in the case of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ spontaneous fission. The cumulative average total $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy increases by 2% to 5% in the same time interval. Finally, those results are shown to be robust against significant changes in the model input parameters.
‘Perspiration’ and ‘Sweat’

There might be another way to differentiate the meanings and thus to account for divergences in use between such closely related words as ‘start’, ‘commence’, and ‘begin’. To see how this might be done, let’s consider one of Frege’s most frequently cited examples of Farbung, the pair ‘sweat’ and ‘perspiration’. It is often remarked, usually in jest, that a horse sweats, a man perspires, and a woman glows. Though neither Frege nor Dummett says which of the two terms bears the extra ingredient of meaning, both hold the difference between ‘sweat’ and ‘perspiration’ to be tonal. And though neither of them provides a general characterization of the supposedly semantic difference, I think it safe to say that what each has in mind is something along the lines of Dummett’s ‘style of discourse’, where conditions of politeness, or formality, are set beside those that make for informal speech.
An Adaptive LIPM-based Dynamic Walk using Model Parameter Optimization on Humanoid Robots

Even with the recent advances in the area of dynamic walking on humanoid robots there is still a significant amount of manual calibration required in practice due to the variances in the hardware. That is in order to achieve the performance needed in environments such as RoboCup. We present a LIPM-based closed-loop walk, that adapts to differences in the physical behavior of the robot by optimizing parameters of the model directly on the NAO while walking and executing other tasks. A significant amount of errors in the model predictions can be reduced without using a more complex model simply by adjusting the LIPM to fit the observed behavior. Our experiments show that the optimized model yields a more controlled, faster and even more energy-efficient walk on different NAO robots and on various surfaces without additional manual parameter tuning.
Antibacterial agents in pregnancy

Except for topical, nonabsorbable agents, any antibiotic chosen for use in pregnancy exposes the fetus as well as the mother to its effects. Therefore, initiation of antimicrobial therapy must be based on clear-cut necessity. Because the physiology of the maternal-fetal unit is complex and ethical consideration of potential fetal harm is pre-eminent, data on safety are derived from animal studies, incidental observations on individual women treated with an agent, or longitudinal tracing of groups of women who required treatment with a particular antimicrobial regimen. Consequently, a rating of absolute safety in pregnancy has never been assigned to any currently available antimicrobial agent. Decades of clinical experience with penicillins, cephalosporins, and erythromycins have documented the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in pregnant women as well as their overall safety for the fetus. These classes of drugs are those most favored for use in pregnancy for susceptible infections. Although aminoglycosides have known toxic effects on the fetus, they are safe to use if serum levels are carefully monitored in the mother. Agents in the quinolone, sulfonamide, and tetracycline categories should be avoided unless maternal necessity for their use justifies the exposure of the fetus to their toxicity. Both clinical and experimental data are very limited on the newer agents, such as the new macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin. The first-line agents for the treatment of TB (i.e., INH, rifampin, and ethambutol) are considered safe in pregnancy, but in the era of multidrug-resistant mycobacterial isolates, agents with known or suspected fetal toxicity may need to be used.
The imperial ‘we’: Racial justice, nationhood, and global war in Claudia Jones’ Weekly Review editorials, 1938–1943

During World War II, Black journalists sought to shape United States’ domestic and international policies to fight Jim Crowism and fascism. This article demonstrates how Claudia Jones, a Trinidadian-born journalist, placed ‘superexploited’ voices at the center of a conversation about nationhood, race, and war politics. Employing a historical and thematic analysis of Jones’ editorials in the Young Communist League’s Weekly Review from 1938 to 1943, the author highlights three themes. This analysis demonstrates how Jones promoted US intervention in World War II by linking Jim Crowism to fascism and promoting military service and transnational solidarity. In centering ‘superexploited’ voices, Jones employed an imperial ‘we’ discourse that intersected racial justice with the Communist Party of the USA’s Popular Front platform. Her journalism complicates historical narratives about alternative journalism, illustrating how voices like Jones at times contributed to the growth of US global power, even while they ...
The Role of Dynactin in Dynein-Mediated Motility

Publisher Summary Dynactin is a multi-subunit complex that was first identified as a biochemical activity required for dynein-driven vesicle movement along microtubules in vitro. It has since been found to be required for most types of dynein-based motility in vivo. Dynein and dynactin also play essential roles in mitotic processes, including transport of checkpoint proteins from kinetochores to spindle poles, spindle pole organization, and chromosome movement. The known activities of dynactin have been observed in microtubule binding and dynein binding. Dynactin and dynein are components of the same genetic pathway, and mutations in subunits of either molecule appear to have a similar set of cellular consequences. This chapter explains dynactic function in dynein-based motility. These functions of dynactin include the role of dynactin as a cargo adaptor, cargo interactions of the arp1 filament, cargo interactions with the shoulder-sidearm complex, and the role of dynactin as a processivity enhancer. Following this, the study provides an understanding of the modes of dynein activation. Under this, it also describes how the chemical and mechanical cycles of cytoplasmic dynein are coupled to allow the motor to walk along the microtubule lattice. Further studies surrounding dynactin and the roles it plays in cytoplasmic dynein function are being undertaken.
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Score as a Marker of Severity and Progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) Score is valuable in the work-up of certain hematological diseases. Most notably, the score is decreased in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Paraoxysmal Nocturnal Hemaglobinurea but increased in leukemoid reaction to infection and Polycythemia Vera. Last year we reported the LAP scores of 14 patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Our results showed that patients with less than 5% bone marrow blasts had significantly higher LAP scores than patients with 5–19% bone marrow blasts. We raised the possibility that LAP scores decrease as MDS progresses (Blood, Nov 2006; 108: 4865). In the present study we attempt to further evaluate the utility of LAP in MDS. In addition to our original cohort, bone marrow aspirate results and LAP scores were reviewed from 14 more patients with MDS, for a total of 28 patients. We again assessed the relationship of LAP to bone marrow blast percentage. Furthermore, we recorded a second LAP score, taken at a later date, from 16 of the 28 patients. For those patients with two LAP scores we compared the trend of LAP score to the interval activity of MDS, using transfusion requirement, complete blood cell count (CBC) and clinical assessment as markers of disease activity. In our analysis of LAP score relative to bone marrow blast percentage we again found a significant difference between patients with less than 5% blasts (n=8) and those with 5% to19% blasts (n=20). Patients with less than 5% blasts had significantly higher LAP scores (90.25 ± 18.27) than those with 5 to19% blasts (44.35 ± 52.09) (p<0.0048) (see charts 1 and 2). In our analysis of LAP score in relation to disease progression we found that among patients for whom LAP score decreased, 42.9% (3/7) had disease progression. In patients whose LAP score increased, 11.1% (1/9) had disease progression (p<0.2615) (chart 3). Overall, our results confirm that LAP scores do tend to be lower in patients with more severe disease, as assessed by bone marrow blast percentage. However, although a trend was observed toward change in LAP score correlating with disease activity this was not statistically significant, and larger prospective studies are necessary to assess whether LAP is an accurate marker of MDS progression. ![Figure][1] Chart 1: LAP scores of patients 1 through 8 with bone marrow blasts less than 5% (mean 90.25, median 96) Chart 2: LAP scores for patients 1 through 20 with bone marrow blasts of 5% to 19% (mean 44.35, median 30) ![Figure][1] Chart 3: Percent of patients with disease progression among those with decrease in LAP score (white) and those with increase in LAP score (gray) (p<0.2615). [1]: pending:yes
Role of miR-139 as a surrogate marker for tumor aggression in breast cancer.

MicroRNAs are non-protein coding molecules that play a key role in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in many types of malignancies including breast cancer. In the current study, we studied the expression of microRNA-139-5p (miR-139) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and correlated its expression with tumor grade, molecular subtype, hormonal status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, proliferation index, tumor size, lymph node status, patient's age, and overall survival in 74 IDC cases. In addition, we compared and correlated miR-139 expression in 18 paired serum and tissue samples from patients with IDC to assess its value as a serum marker. Our data showed that miR-139 was down-regulated in all tumor tissue samples compared with control. More pronounced down-regulation was seen in tumors that were higher grade, estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, more proliferative, or larger in size (P 50 years) and positive local nodal disease did not adversely affect miR-139 expression. In contrast, serum miR-139 profile of the patients appeared similar to that of normal control. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-139 was associated with aggressive tumor behavior and disease progression in breast cancer. miR-139 may serve as a risk assessment biomarker in tailoring treatment options.
An integrated germanium-based optical waveguide coupled THz photoconductive antenna in silicon

An integrated germanium-based optical waveguide coupled THz photoconductive antenna in a low-cost SOI process is presented with potentials to perform THz beam-steering. The radiated THz pulses achieve a FWHM of 1.14ps and bandwidth of 1.5THz.
Meharry Medical College-Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Partnership: Partners in eliminating health disparities

A92 Introduction: Cancer health disparities remain a major health problem in this country. Areas in which serious cancer health disparities exit include cancers of the breast, prostate, colorectal, lung and ovarian. To begin to understand the science of cancer health disparities in underserved populations, the Meharry Medical College-Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Partnership has undertaken several research initiatives, which attempt to address the scientific basis of this problem. The main goal of the recently renewed MMC-VICC U54 grant is to play active role in reducing cancer health disparities in the greater Nashville, TN and its suburban and rural areas. Approach: The U54 partnership has reviving cancer clinical trials research at MMC and establish a minority based clinical cancer participate in national oncology trials oncology program. Currently, investigators of the partnership are engaged in several cancer health disparities research. Our funded project examines the relationship between insulin-resistance, IGFs, and breast cancer risks in African-Americans, energy balance intervention for colorectal cancer in African-Americans, and the relationship between vitamin D and mammographic breast density in African-Americans. We are also comparing the potential application of COX-1 and HDAC inhibitors in suppressing ovarian in African-American and Whites. We are also in the process of identifying new serum biomarkers for head neck cancers in African-Americans. The Meharry/Vanderbilt U54 Cancer Partnership has taken steps to strengthen and expand their existing partnership of cancer research in health disparities by adding Tennessee State University as a partner. With the addition of TSU, the U54 Partnership has strengthened our Community Outreach component which in turn has created a balanced program focusing on population sciences, basic and clinical research. We also continue to expand cancer research opportunities for PhD, medical and population based trainees; and has established new tissue acquisition core for enhancing the acquisition of cancer tissues from African-Americans for future studies Results: Our minority accrual rate for cancer clinical trial is about 42%, which is 2 times the national rate. We have detected significant rate in recent mammographic use between African-Americans and Whites. Our pilot projects have detected few serum proteins, which may be useful as a marker for head and neck cancer detection. We have established community-based participatory research program to facilitate cancer outreach in greater Nashville and its surrounding areas. We have also established United Nashville against Cancer (UN-PAC) Network to facilitate our outreach program. Conclusion: Our partnership has made significant progress towards reducing cancer health disparities in this nation.
Family Contributions to Risk and Resilience in African American Children

There is substantial evidence that African American children living in urban poverty run a disproportionately higher risk for negative functional outcomes than more affluent African American and Ca...
Psychotropic medications and criminal defendants.

Refusals of psychotropic medication by detained criminal defendants raise conflicting dual loyalties for psychiatrists between the duty to treat a patient and the duty to protect society from that patient. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Convective Structure and Heat Transfer in Transient, Evaporating Films

The fluid mechanics and heat transfer of evaporating planar films under unsteady conditions were studied experimentally. The initially quiescent films were subjected to superheating by rapidly drop...
The reaction of water vapour with a clean liquid uranium surface

Abstract To study the reaction of water vapour with uranium, we have exposed clean liquid uranium surfaces to H 2 O under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. We have measured the surface concentration of oxygen as a function of exposure, and determined the maximum attainable surface oxygen concentration x o s as a function of temperature. We have used these measurements to estimate, close to the melting point, the solubility of oxygen, x o b less than 10 −4 ) and its surface segregation coefficient, β s (greater than 10 3 ).
Initial Efficacy Testing of an Autobiographical Memory Intervention on Advance Care Planning for Patients With Terminal Cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To test the efficacy of a novel intervention to facilitate advance care planning. . DESIGN Exploratory, quasiexperimental pilot study with two independent groups. . SETTING A large hospice located in the southwestern United States. . SAMPLE A convenience sample of 50 participants with terminal cancer enrolled in hospice. . METHODS An autobiographical memory (ABM) intervention used the participants' experiences with cancer and end of life for the purpose of directing advance care planning. . MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Two domains of advance care planning, decision making and communication, were measured in relation to 11 variables. FINDINGS The ABM intervention was nonthreatening, short in duration, and easily completed with participants as they recalled, without hesitation, specific personal memories of family and friends who had died and their advance care plans. The Mann-Whitney nonparametric test revealed that participants in the experimental group had a higher average rank than those in the control group for communicating the decision about antibiotics, as well as exhibited a trend toward significance for five other advance care planning variables. . CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that directive ABMs may be effective in influencing the decision making and communication of advance care planning for terminally ill patients with cancer. . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The current level of understanding about using the ABM intervention suggests that nurses can initiate an advance care planning conversation using this approach.
Therapy-Induced Marrow Changes

Bone marrow undergoes many age-related cellular changes which can be influenced by disease, various therapies, and physiological response. PET/MR imaging provides excellent evaluation of these cellular changes as structural and functional information can be combined to determine benign marrow processes or malignant infiltration.
On modelling in CALL conversational simulations

ABSTRACT Conversational simulations for computer-assisted language learning (CALL CS's) involve the computer on one side of a dialogue in the target language (TL) - the language to be learned - and one or more language learners on the other. The benefits of CALL CS's derive from their focus on communication in the TL, rather than on explicit “rules of grammar”. They do this by dealing with TL structures without “lecturing” about them and thus help learners overcome errors without explicit correction. This is possible because their conversational form permits the use of modelling (Underwood, 1984; Terrell, 1982). A CALL CS designed by the author (RELATIONS) uses modelling to respond to several types of learner input, maintaining the focus on communication in a conversational context.
New Applications of Organomercury, -Palladium and -Rhodium Compounds in Organic Synthesis

Organomercurials have a long history dating back over 125 years. Although initial interest in organomercurials was due primarily to their medicinal properties, they soon found widespread use in the Synthesis of other organometallics. This application was relatively short-lived with the development of the more reactive organolithium and Grignard reagents at the turn of the century. Due to their low chemical reactivity towards organic substrates, organomercurials never developed the widespread synthetic utilization that these other organometallics have.
Complex copula systems as suppletive allomorphy

Languages are known to vary in the number of verbs they exhibit corresponding to English be, in the distribution of such copular verbs, and in the presence or absence of a distinct verb for possession sentences corresponding to English have. This paper offers novel arguments for the position that such differences should be modeled in terms of suppletive allomorphy of the same syntactic element (here dubbed vBE), employing a Late Insertion-based framework. It is shown that such a suppletive allomorphy approach to complex copula systems makes three predictions that distinguish it from non-suppletion-based alternatives (concerning decomposition, possible and impossible syncretisms, and Impoverishment), and that these predictions seem to be correct (although a full test of the possible and impossible syncretisms prediction is not possible in the current state of knowledge).
Diversity Branding Strategy: Concealing Implicit Stereotypes and Biased Behaviors:

The ProblemFrom a business perspective, the expression valuing diversity is commonly used as a branding strategy to enhance an organization’s competitive advantage. The problem with diversity brand...
Global Convergence Rates of Nonlinear Diffusion for Time-Varying Images

In this paper, classical nonlinear diffusion methods of ma- chine vision are revisited in the light of recent results in nonlinear sta- bility analysis. Global exponential convergence rates are quantified, and suggest specific choices of nonlinearities and image coupling terms. In particular, global stability and exponential convergence can be guaran- teed for nonlinear filtering of time-varying images.
Plug and Play System for Monitoring of Electrical and Non-Electrical Data

With the arrival of Industry 4.0 in the industry, it is necessary to integrate it into the ship's monitoring and automation systems. Digital information management in shipping is an inevitable and necessary trend. Compared with the traditional management mode, it is more convenient, efficient and traceable. The most effective data management and maintenance platforms currently are cloud-based technologies. They have the ability to manage and display complete information about the tracked vessel(s), containing data on the technical - economic status available from anywhere in the world, thus allowing for better management. The article proposes an idea and structure of a system for centralized control of objects, including ships.
PA5339, a RidA homolog, is required for full growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The Rid protein superfamily (YjgF/YER057c/UK114) is found in all domains of life. The archetypal protein, RidA from Salmonella enterica, is a deaminase that quenches the reactive metabolite 2-aminoacrylate (2AA). 2AA deaminase activity is conserved in RidA proteins from humans, plants, yeast, archaea, and bacteria. Mutants of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that lack a functional RidA exhibit growth defects, suggesting that 2AA metabolic stress is similarly conserved. The PubSEED database shows Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) encodes eight members of the Rid superfamily. Mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO1 lacking each of five Rid proteins were screened, and the mutant phenotypes that arose in the absence of PA5339 were dissected. A PA5339::Tn mutant has growth, motility, and biofilm defects that can all be linked to the accumulation of 2AA. Further, the PA5339 protein was demonstrably a 2AA deaminase in vitro and restored metabolic balance to a S. enterica ridA mutant in vivo The data presented here show that the RidA paradigm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa had similarities to those described in other organisms but was distinct in that deleting only one of multiple homologs generated deficiencies. Based on the collective data presented here in, PA5339 was renamed RidA.IMPORTANCE RidA is a widely conserved protein that prevents endogenous metabolic stress caused by 2-aminoacrylate (2AA) damage to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The framework for understanding the accumulation of 2AA and its consequences have largely been defined in Salmonella enterica We show here that in P. aeruginosa (PAO1), 2AA accumulation leads to reduced growth, compromised motility, and defective biofilm formation. This study expands our knowledge how the metabolic architecture of an organism contributes to the consequences of 2AA inactivation of PLP-dependent enzymes and identifies a key RidA protein in P. aeruginosa.
Response of solidification cellular structures in additively manufactured 316 stainless steel to heavy ion irradiation: an in situ study

ABSTRACTIn-core or cladding structural materials exposed to heavy ion irradiation often suffer serious irradiation-induced damages. Introducing defect sinks can effectively mitigate irradiation-ind...
Dynamics for the energy critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in high dimensions

In [T. Duyckaerts, F. Merle, Dynamic of threshold solutions for energy-critical NLS, preprint, arXiv:0710.5915 [math.AP]], T. Duyckaerts and F. Merle studied the variational structure near the ground state solution W of the energy critical NLS and classified the solutions with the threshold energy E(W) in dimensions d=3,4,5 under the radial assumption. In this paper, we extend the results to all dimensions d⩾6. The main issue in high dimensions is the non-Lipschitz continuity of the nonlinearity which we get around by making full use of the decay property of W.
A neuro-inspired computational model for adaptive fault diagnosis

Abstract Fault diagnosis is a key process to ensure reliable and cost-effective performance of time-critical engineered systems. This article develops a data-driven computational model for adaptive fault diagnosis by drawing an analogy with the neurobiological process of conscious attention—a dynamic process that brings only the most novel 0.01% of the signals we receive with our five senses to our conscious experience. A model of conscious attention based on the theory of dynamic core hypothesis is first outlined, followed by a computational model that mimics key stages of the conscious attention process. Convolutional neural networks serve as a basis for modeling perceptual categorization and concept formation through automatic feature extraction, due to their analogy with the processes of neural group selection and reentry in the brain. Further, the process of incremental learning and its impact on signal novelty are modeled via transfer learning. The model is tested on the NASA C-MAPSS turbofan engine model, which indicated 95–99% fault diagnosis accuracy. This study aims at familiarizing the engineering community with the neurobiological process of conscious attention and its applications for adaptive process monitoring and improvement in engineered systems.
Universals of word order reflect optimization of grammars for efficient communication

The universal properties of human languages have been the subject of intense study across the language sciences. We report computational and corpus evidence for the hypothesis that a prominent subset of these universal properties-those related to word order-result from a process of optimization for efficient communication among humans, trading off the need to reduce complexity with the need to reduce ambiguity. We formalize these two pressures with information-theoretic and neural-network models of complexity and ambiguity and simulate grammars with optimized word-order parameters on large-scale data from 51 languages. Evolution of grammars toward efficiency results in word-order patterns that predict a large subset of the major word-order correlations across languages.
Developing an FHIR-Based Computational Pipeline for Automatic Population of Case Report Forms for Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trials Using Electronic Health Records.

PURPOSEThe Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is emerging as a next-generation standards framework developed by HL7 for exchanging electronic health care data. The modeling capabilit...
Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on honors student learning, institutional connections, and intent to return to campus

The COVID-19 pandemic quickly converted classes to an online format in the middle of the academic semester at South Dakota State University (SDSU), USA. Our objectives were 1) to identify factors affecting student learning and connectivity following this transition and 2) to evaluate differences between honors and non-honors students. Students (n=230) were surveyed with Likert-type, descriptive, and open-ended questions about their experiences following the transition. Clear, frequent communication between students and SDSU was identified as the most appreciated aspect of SDSU’s response. Students who reported struggling academically following the transition were more likely to be facing difficulties with finances and access to or use of online learning technology. Honors students reported fewer technology barriers and financial stressors than non-honors students. Degree completion and social connections were driving the desire to return to face-to-face classes, but this enthusiasm was dampened by COVID-19-related health concerns. Communication, structure, and flexibility were identified as factors affecting student success.
Artificial Intelligence: The Next Frontier in Kidney Biopsy Evaluation.

For >60 years, percutaneous kidney biopsy specimens have been evaluated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopy to diagnose medical kidney diseases. Shortly thereafter, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were developed to analyze proteins and nucleic acids,
Assessing disparities in engagement in a post-discharge virtual visit follow-up program.

100Background: Transitions of care are a frequent focus of quality improvement initiatives. In attempt to improve upon the transitions of care for oncology patients, our institution implemented a p...
Patterns on a roll: a method of continuous feed nanoprinting

Exploiting elastic instability in thin films has proven to be a robust method for creating complex patterns and structures across a wide range of lengthscales. Even the simplest of systems, an elastic membrane with a lattice of pores, under mechanical strain, generates complex patterns featuring long-range orientational order. When we promote this system to a curved surface, in particular, a cylindrical membrane, a novel set of features, patterns and broken symmetries appears. The newfound periodicity of the cylinder allows for a novel continuous method for nanoprinting.
Structural analysis of prolines and hydroxyprolines binding to the l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase active site of bifunctional proline utilization A.

Proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are bifunctional proline catabolic enzymes that catalyze the 4-electron oxidation of l-proline to l-glutamate using spatially-separated proline dehydrogenase and l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GSALDH, a.k.a. ALDH4A1) active sites. The observation that l-proline inhibits both the GSALDH activity of PutA and monofunctional GSALDHs motivated us to study the inhibition of PutA by proline stereoisomers and analogs. Here we report five high-resolution crystal structures of PutA with the following ligands bound in the GSALDH active site: d-proline, trans-4-hydroxy-d-proline, cis-4-hydroxy-d-proline, l-proline, and trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Three of the structures are of ternary complexes of the enzyme with an inhibitor and either NAD+ or NADH. To our knowledge, the NADH complex is the first for any GSALDH. The structures reveal a conserved mode of recognition of the inhibitor carboxylate, which results in the pyrrolidine rings of the d- and l-isomers having different orientations and different hydrogen bonding environments. Activity assays show that the compounds are weak inhibitors with millimolar inhibition constants. Curiously, although the inhibitors occupy the aldehyde binding site, kinetic measurements show the inhibition is uncompetitive. Uncompetitive inhibition may involve proline binding to a remote site or to the enzyme-NADH complex. Together, the structural and kinetic data expand our understanding of how proline-like molecules interact with GSALDH, reveal insight into the relationship between stereochemistry and inhibitor affinity, and demonstrate the pitfalls of inferring the mechanism of inhibition from crystal structures alone.
Genotype by Environment Interaction for Ear Moisture Loss Rate in Corn

Corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with rapid ear moisture loss rate (EMLR) are needed to reduce post-harvest production costs relative to artificial grain drying. Previous investigations indicated that genetic variation for grain dry-down rate exists; however, genotype by environment interaction (GEI) has not been specifically investigated. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate GEI for EMLR of selected commercial corn hybrids, and (ii) assess the contribution of known environmental factors to GEI for EMLR. Experiments with two groups of corn hybrids (early maturity and medium and full season maturity) were conducted during 1993 to 1995 at multiple planting dates. Restricted maximum likelihood method was used to estimate GEI variances and interpret the stability for each hybrid. Hybrids of both maturity groups differed significantly in their stability. Precipitation was the single most important environmental factor that contributed to GEI. When two factors were considered simultaneously, precipitation + growing degree days (GDD) from planting to black-layer maturity and relative humidity + GDD from planting to black-layer maturity accounted for the largest amount of GEI. Individual hybrids responded differently to these factors. These results provided insight into the causes and nature of GEI for EMLR and should help reduce or exploit GEI.
Communication - a lost art?

The field of radiology has benefited greatly from the technological boom that has brought greater precision, efficiency and utilization amid an exponential growth in medical science. The downside is that the same technology that has allowed the field to grow is contributing to an erosion of interpersonal communication and connection with patients and referring physicians. Remote reading has displaced us from the communal reading room, where much interaction and teaching used to take place. The “invisible” radiologist must transcend these barriers in order to preserve and strengthen the role of radiology in medical care. With modest adaptation, radiologists can regain their identity as consultants, where they have the greatest chance to show their value and thwart the drive toward commoditization.
Analog Pulse-Based Channel Sensing for Spectrum Efficient Wireless Data Transmission

Spectrum sharing techniques overcome spectrum scarcity and inefficient management by allowing unoccupied channels with other users without interfering with primary users. Therefore, channel sensing plays a vital role to find the availability of vacant data channel for secondary users in signal transmission. However, the existing channel sensing techniques suffer from uncertainty because of random measurement, fast sampling, signal recovery and immediate signal reconstruction algorithm, reliability measurement, implementation complexity, etc. This paper proposes an analog pulse based innovative channel sensing technique for spectrum-efficient data transmission. The pulse-sequence based channel encoding scheme identifies the individual data channel and the correlator-based channel decoding algorithm decodes the distinct data channel from the received composite pulse-sequence signal. A MATLAB® simulation is performed to verify the proposed channel sensing concept for spectrum-efficient applications. Simulation results of the proposed channel sensing technique shows great potential for reduced complexity in spectrum-sharing for high-density pulse-based wireless data transmission in future 5G networks.
Molecular surveillance of malaria scales up

Parasite and vector genetic data can guide malaria control, and technological advances are enabling more informative genetic data generation at unprecedented scales. Jacob et al. employ multiplexed amplicon sequencing to profile parasite genetic diversity from thousands of malaria samples, illuminating spatiotemporal patterns of drug resistance to inform regional drug policy change.
Quantifying contributions of natural variability and anthropogenic forcings on increased fire weather risk over the western United States

Previous studies have identified a recent increase in wildfire activity in the western United States (WUS). However, the extent to which this trend is due to weather pattern changes dominated by natural variability versus anthropogenic warming has been unclear. Using an ensemble constructed flow analogue approach, we have employed observations to estimate vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the leading meteorological variable that controls wildfires, associated with different atmospheric circulation patterns. Our results show that for the period 1979 to 2020, variation in the atmospheric circulation explains, on average, only 32% of the observed VPD trend of 0.48 ± 0.25 hPa/decade (95% CI) over the WUS during the warm season (May to September). The remaining 68% of the upward VPD trend is likely due to anthropogenic warming. The ensemble simulations of climate models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project suggest that anthropogenic forcing explains an even larger fraction of the observed VPD trend (88%) for the same period and region. These models and observational estimates likely provide a lower and an upper bound on the true impact of anthropogenic warming on the VPD trend over the WUS. During August 2020, when the August Complex "Gigafire" occurred in the WUS, anthropogenic warming likely explains 50% of the unprecedented high VPD anomalies.
Characterizing Demographics and Cost of Care for Dyshidrotic Eczema.

Background Dyshidrotic Eczema is a common form of eczema affecting the hands and/or feet. To date, there has been little research examining demographics and cost burden associated with this disease. Objective The present study seeks to characterize the demographics of patients affected and the direct costs of care associated with Dyshidrotic Eczema. Methods This is a retrospective analysis utilizing insurance claim information from IBM MarketScan. Pertinent data including demographic information, healthcare provider type, medications prescribed, and average cost of care was identified using ICD 10 code L30.1 for Dyshidrotic Eczema for the year 2018. Results In 2018, 34,932 patients filed claims for Dyshidrotic Eczema, with 61% female and an average age of 37 years old at first diagnosis. Occupations most associated with Dyshidrotic Eczema included those in the service industry and the manufacturing of durable goods. The total annual direct cost was $11,738,985. Average annual costs however did vary based on type of treating healthcare provider, level of care, and medications prescribed. Conclusions Dyshidrotic Eczema patients can face an economic burden due to their disease and providers should aim to recognize this disease and its treatments to minimize healthcare costs for patients and improve quality of life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
On Black Dyes

§ 380. Black is obtained by yellow, red and blue brought to full strength and mixed (§ 340), but the result can often be achieved more quickly, especially with astringent substances and iron vitriol.
Electronic Imaging Techniques for Improved Diagnostic Radiology

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the electronic imaging techniques for improved diagnostic radiology. The development of image intensifiers, television cameras, magnetic disc recorders, and image storage tubes has opened up the potential for significant advances in diagnostic radiology. This chapter discusses three systems under development. The first technique makes it possible to view television X-ray images immediately following a gastrointestinal examination to permit decision making with a high degree of confidence before the patient leaves the examination room. The second technique has been developed for angiography to improve the procedure for positioning a catheter in branch arteries. This technique also enables the rapid positioning of a stereotaxic needle or transarterial catheter for the repair of arteriovenous shunts and aneurysms without the necessity for open skull surgery. This technique is being used for needle biopsy of tumors and for the accurate positioning of electrodes without open skull surgery. The third method is a system specifically designed for mass screening for early detection of breast tumors. These systems have many advantages and may play an important role in future mass screening programs for the early detection of small cancers.