cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entrapment of the glossopharyngeal nerve in patients with Eagle syndrome: surgical technique and outcomes in a series of 5 patients.

Object Eagle syndrome is characterized by unilateral pain in the oropharynx, face, and earlobe, and is caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament with associated compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The pain syndrome may be successfully treated with surgical intervention that involves resection of the styloid process. Although nerve decompression is routinely considered a neurosurgical intervention, Eagle syndrome and its treatment are not sufficiently examined in the neurosurgical literature. Methods A review was performed of cases of Eagle syndrome treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center over the last 7 years. The clinical characteristics, radiographic imaging, operative indications, procedural details, surgical morbidity, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Of the many patients with facial pain treated between 2001 and 2007, 7 were diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, and 5 of these p...
The evolution of a treatment program for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

Previous studies at the University of Minnesota suggest that overall survival rates after treatment for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are related to increased surgical applicability, that vaginal recurrence is frequently related to cervical involvement, and that virtually all women can safely undergo abdominal hysterectomy and radical irradiation therapy. In this program a simple abdominal hysterectomy was applied to as many women with this disease as possible. High-risk patients also received preoprative or postoperative irradiation. This program increased the survival rate for all stages from 58% to 69.7%. The survival rate among women with Stage I high-risk disease treated with supplementary irradiation was significantly lower when compared to that among women with low-risk disease who were treated by surgery alone. No vaginal recurrences were observed in either group and 98.4% were operated upon. The survival rate of women with Stage II disease treated with irradiation and surgery improved significantly. The rate of vaginal recurrence was 2.2%.
Chapter 1 Survey of Cytochemistry

Publisher Summary The field of cytochemistry follows behind the advances in biochemistry and molecular biology. In cytochemistry, the cell can be regarded as a crude protein and nucleic acid preparation. Cells from a variety of sources can be used easily with cytochemical methods for a comparative study of a particular reaction or molecule where purity is not essential. Cytochemical methodology can be used wherever precipitable reactions are involved and locations within cells are of paramount importance. Various major discoveries in biology have been through the agency of cytochemistry. These include (1) the emphasis on the possible role of nucleic acid in direction of protein synthesis, (2) the general nature of the constancy of DNA in the haploid chromosome complement of a species following the original biochemical discovery of DNA constancy, (3) the discovery that enzymes are associated with specific structural components of cells, (4) the demonstration that DNA synthesis occurs during interphase, and (5) the demonstration of the semiconservative nature of chromosome distribution after DNA replication.
Recent research and current issues in accelerated testing

We review the recent research and development in modeling accelerated life testing data obtained from a wide variety of test conditions. We also discuss the developments in the degradation modeling area. General reliability models that can be used to estimate reliability at normal operating conditions are presented. The limitations and disadvantages of the current models are reviewed.
Velocity-Vorticity Patterns in Turbulent Flow

Direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is used for the investigation of local helicity fluctuations in plane Poiseuille (channel) and Taylor-Green vortex flows. It is shown that in regions of high dissipation, the cosine of the angle between velocity and vorticity is evenly distributed; in regions of low dissipation, the velocity and vorticity vectors have a tendency to align. It is also shown that near the central part of the channel, velocity and vorticity vectors have a strong tendency to be aligned, while in the buffer region, all angles are nearly equally probable.
Skin color and mortality risk among men: the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program.

Purpose To examine the association between skin color and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality risk before and after adjusting for selected characteristics and risk factors, we used data on 5,304 men with information on skin color at Exam 3 of the Puerto Rico Heart Health program (PRHHP), a longitudinal study of the incidence of coronary heart disease in Puerto Rican men. Methods Mortality was ascertained using hospital and physician records, postmortem records, death certificates, and information from the next of kin. Results Dark-skinned men exhibited higher age-adjusted mortality rates than light skinned men (10.1 vs. 8.8/10,000 population). There was no association between skin color and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. However, the association between skin color and all-cause mortality varied with area of residence ( p for interaction = 0.05). Among men living in urban areas, the risk of all-cause mortality was 28% (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.61) greater among dark-skinned men than their light-skinned counterparts after adjusting for age, education, BMI, physical activity, and the presence of diabetes. There was no association between skin color and CVD mortality in urban men. Neither all-cause nor CVD mortality was associated with skin color among rural men. Conclusion Our results suggest that skin color may be capturing environmental dynamics that may influence mortality risk among Puerto Rican men.
SPC methods for quality improvement

Introduction to Quality Control Concepts Probability Distributions to Describe Variability in Data Sets Collecting and Studying Data Sets: Descriptive Statistics and Sampling Distributions Classical Shewhart Control Charts for Variables Classical Shewhart Control Charts for Attributes MA, EWMA, and CUSUM Charts for Classical Stable Processes Q-Charts for Variables Q-Charts for Attributes Process Capability and Performance Analysis, Quadratic Loss Functions Measurement Assurance Regression SPC Models Combining Statistical Process Control and Statistical Process Adjustment Methods Some SPC Methods for Autocorrelated Processes Q-Charts for Two or More Quality Variables Appendix References Index.
Simple Analytic Description of Collection Efficiency in Organic Photovoltaics.

The collection of charge carriers is a fundamental step in the photovoltaic conversion process. In disordered organic films, low mobility and disorder can make collection the performance-limiting step in energy conversion. We derive two analytic relationships for carrier collection efficiency in organic photovoltaics that account for the presence or absence of carrier-selective electrodes. These equations directly include drift and diffusive carrier transport in the device active layers and account for possible losses from Langevin and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination mechanisms. General relationships among carrier mobility, contact selectivity, recombination processes, and organic photovoltaic figures of merit are established. Our results suggest that device collection efficiency remains mobility-limited for many materials systems, and a renewed emphasis should be placed on materials’ purity.
Neutrophils enlist IL-22 to restore order in the gut

Mammals are eukaryotic organisms, yet they can harbor up to hundreds of trillions of bacteria in their intestines through an elegant form of mutualism (1). To extract maximal benefit from these bacteria, the mucosal immune system must respond in a tolerogenic manner while remaining poised to vigorously react to potential pathogens (2). Thus, intestinal immune cells are charged with an exceedingly difficult task: to know when to remain tolerant while always be poised to vigorously respond to a microbial attack (3). The intestinal epithelium greatly facilitates this decision-making process by creating a physical barrier between luminal bacteria and underlying immune cells. The vast majority of intestinal bacteria are unable to penetrate through the mucus-coated epithelial lining, allowing immune cells to focus attention on a limited number of bacteria that manage to circumvent the barrier. However, under conditions of barrier compromise, there is a greatly increased influx of intestinal bacteria into the subepithelial space that results in direct stimulation of proinflammatory immune responses (4). These immune responses must be rapidly and potently regulated to prevent development of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (5). Over the last decade, a remarkable number of discoveries have led to an increasingly sophisticated view of the mucosal immune regulation during homeostasis and disease (3). In PNAS, Zindl et al. (6) present another significant advance in the understanding of how immune cells regulate mucosal inflammation and promote healing. Using a mouse model of acute intestinal inflammation (colitis) induced by damage to the epithelial barrier, the authors analyzed accumulation of neutrophils and the cytokine IL-22 to establish a striking relationship between the two that ultimately leads to resolution of intestinal inflammation.
A chemical comparison of oceanic ridge, Hawaiian tholeiitic and Hawaiian alkalic basalts

Abundance data (Al2O3, TiO2, Sr. Zr and REE) for two important groups of basalts (oceanic ridge and Hawaiian) are compared. The average concentrations of Al2O3, TiO2 and Zr are quite different for the two groups but extensive overlap also occurs. TiO2 and Zr are inversely covariant with Al2O3 for oceanic ridge and Hawaiian basalts. The Al2O3 and TiO2 data are consistent with the experimental data of Green and Ringwood [5] and MacGregor [25] and suggest that the concentrations of Al2O3, TiO2 and Zr in a wide range of basalt types are dependent on the depth of magma segregation. The two basaltic groups are almost completely different in their Sr concentration and REE abundance patterns. The concentrations of Sr and the REE abundance patterns are essentially independent of the concentrations of Al2O3, TiO2 and Zr. The Sr and REE data can be qualitatively explained by assuming varying degrees of partial melting to form the different liquids observed at the surface.
A Flavor Protection for Warped Higgsless Models

We examine various possibilities for realistic 5D Higgsless models on a Randall-Sundrum (RS) background, and construct a full quark sector featuring next-to-minimal flavor violation (with an exact bulk $SU(2)$ protecting the first two generations) which satisfies electroweak and flavor constraints. The ``new custodially protected representation'' is used for the third generation to protect the light quarks from flavor violations induced due to the heavy top. A combination of flavor symmetries, and an ``RS-GIM'' mechanism for the right-handed quarks suppresses flavor-changing neutral currents below experimental bounds, assuming Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa--type mixing on the UV brane. In addition to the usual Higgsless RS signals, this model predicts an exotic charge-$5/3$ quark with mass of about 0.5 TeV which should show up at the LHC very quickly, as well as nonzero flavor-changing neutral currents which could be detected in the next generation of flavor experiments. In the course of our analysis, we also find quantitative estimates for the errors of the fermion zero-mode approximation, which are significant for Higgsless-type models.
Proper Use of Antiarrhythmic Therapy for Reduction of Mortality After Myocardial Infarction

In this review, we summarise Vaughan Williams' classification of antiarrhythmic agents and the trials that have explored their efficacy in reducing mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). After analysing the data, it is clear that there is no role for class I antiarrhythmic agents as prophylaxis after MI since their use has been associated with increased mortality. Class II agents, i.e. beta-blockers, have demonstrated a reduction in mortality in combined and individual trials which extended for up to 6 years after the initial event. The class III drug, d,l-sotalol has been shown to have possible benefit, whereas its isomer without any beta-blocking properties, dexsotalol, has been shown to increase the incidence of arrhythmias. Amiodarone appears to reduce the incidence of deaths due to arrhythmia and sudden deaths without changing overall mortality. As a group, the calcium antagonists, class IV agents, have not been shown to reduce mortality and, in the case of nifedipine, may even increase it. Verapamil has been shown to be beneficial in one large study and may have a role in those patients in whom the use of beta-blockers is contraindicated. At this time, we recommend early implementation of beta-blockers for all patients without contraindications after MI. Further studies evaluating implantable defibrillators as primary and secondary prevention have provided significant risk reductions in certain high risk patient subsets. Future efforts will need to focus on more accurate risk stratification of post-MI patients and the role of both defibrillators and, possibly, amiodarone in improving survival.
Dynamics of Regulatory T-Cells during Pregnancy: Effect of HIV Infection and Correlations with Other Immune Parameters

Objectives Regulatory T cells (Treg) increase in the context of HIV infection and pregnancy. We studied Treg subpopulations in HIV-infected and uninfected women during pregnancy and their relationship with inflammation, activation and cell-mediated immunity (CMI).
Natural thymocytolytic autoantibodies in NZB and other strains of mice

Abstract Spontaneously occurring autoantibodies to thymus cells were detected in NZB and other strains of mice by means of cytolysis in agar gel. Serum antibodies were detected by a spot test in which circular zones of lysed thymus cells were observed after the diffusion of serum and complement. In addition, cells forming antithymocyte antibodies were detected in the spleens of tested animals by means of a plaque assay in which antibody-forming cells could be enumerated as plaque-forming cells. The thymocytolytic antibodies were of the IgM class, they resisted heating at 56 °C for 30 min and showed optimal binding activity at 4 °C, even though they were active in temperatures up to 37 °C. They could be detected in a small proportion of mice 1–2 months old, but they had a higher incidence in mice older than 8 months. Studies performed with thymocytes originating from various murine strains indicated that the antibodies under study combined with an antigen which was present on thymocytes of all murine strains tested, including syngeneic and autologous thymocytes. Absorptions demonstrated the presence of the antigen on murine thymus, spleen, and brain cells. Absorptions with L5178Y lymphoma cells suggested that there might be two different antigens involved in the reactions with these thymocytolytic antibodies. Properties of the thymocytolytic antibodies suggested that they are identical with natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies described by Shirai et al . The possible pathogenic role of these antibodies in autoimmune disorders of NZB mice, particularly in the Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia, was investigated and discussed.
The KLAB Toolbox: A Suite of In-house Software Applications for Epigenetic Analysis

Systems biology presents a new paradigm for elucidating the processes required to organize and sustain life. We now have access to whole genome sequences, gene expression data for multiple cell types, and databases for regulatory elements governing these genes. These resources make it feasible to identify conserved genomic sequences across multiple species, transcription factors regulating the expression of genes with similar expression patterns within a given cell type and to compare expression levels of specific genes between normal and diseased cellular states. In order to utilize this wealth of information, new computational tools that integrate these datasets in a genome-wide context are required. Using the protamine cluster as an example, we present a series of in-house applications that we have developed to integrate, contextualize and visualize datasets across multiple hierarchies.
"An analysis-of-variance model for intrasubject replicaiton design": some additional comments.

The fixed effects ANOVA procedure utilized by Gentile, Roden, and Klein (1972) for single subjects is found inappropriate. Hartmann's proposal of a one-way fixed-effect ANOVA model is also considered. Time series analysis that takes serial correlation effects into account is recommended.
Anisotropic contributions to the ground-state properties of solid para-H2

The local field approximation is modified so that the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the H/sub 2/ molecule are treated on an equal basis, when calculating the equation of state for solid para-H/sub 2/. Near normal vapor pressure the anisotropies in the H/sub 2/ pair interaction are found to make a negligible contribution to the binding energy and the equation of state, but that contribution increases with increasing pressure. However, the isotropic part of the potential plays the dominant role in determining the equation of state at all molar volumes investigated 3< or =V< or =22.65 cm/sup 3//mole. At extremely high pressures the results tend toward previous findings that were based upon a frozen P4/sub 2//mnm (..gamma..-N/sub 2/) orientational structure.
Mutual trust in open environment for cascaded web services

Given an open cascading Web services environment, this paper deals with the following problems: 1) how to compute trust index of a service provider or a service requestor, which is dynamic and is continuously updated to reflect service providers'/requestors' recent behaviors. 2) how to propagate trust ratings for a service provider/requestor 3) how to determine if a service requestor/provider violates the usage policies specified by the service provider/requestor.
B74-10 Computer Semantics, Studies of Algorithms, Processors and Languages

This is a textbook in Computer Science based on the Vienna Definition Language developed by P. Lucas and his colleagues at the IBM laboratory in Vienna. Their original purpose was to produce a formal definition of PL/I, but the language and the methodology that they have developed has much wider application.
A new species of Carex section Ovales (Cyperaceae) occurring in the Ozark Mountain region

Carex ozarkana, a new species from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and extreme northeasternmost Texas is described and illustrated. It is a distinctive regional endemic of mineral soil wetlands most similar to the widespreadCarex albolutescens andC. longii but differing in its elongate, nodding inflorescences (on robust plants), prominently clavate spikes with elongate staminate bases, reddish brown pistillate and staminate scales, and wider achenes with a long apiculum.
905-57 Viability by Dobutamine Echocardiography Identifies Patients Whose Outcome is Improved by Elective Revascularization After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Patients with viable myocardium and residual stenosis after acute myocardial infarction (MI) may benefit from elective early revascularization. To determine whether echocardiographic viability identifies the patients whose outcome is improved by elective early revascularization, 140 patients (age 57 ± 13 yrs, 116 males, 24 females) underwent low dose dobutamine echocardiography (5-10 μg/kg/min) at 5 ± 2 days after acute MI and were followed for g 1 year. Sixty-three patients had anterior infarction and 97 were treated with thrombolytic therapy. Sixty-one patients were electively revascularized (50 angioplasty, 11 bypass surgery). Echocardiographic images were analyzed according to the standard 16 segment model and viability defined as akinesis unresponsive to dobutamine in ≥ 3 infarction zone segments. Eighty-four patients were identified as viable. Clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic data were similar in revascularized and nonrevascularized patients. Adverse outcome occurred in 52/140 patients (cardiac death 6, nonfatal MI 9, sustained ventricular tachycardia 3, heart failure 8, unstable angina 26). The incidence of adverse outcome in our four groups was as follows: Revascularized Medical Viable 10% (4/391 * 27% (12/45) Nonviable 77% (17/22) † 56% (19/34) ‡ * p = 0.05 vs medical † p l 0.001 vs viable ‡ p l 0.05 vs viable In conclusion, adverse outcome was significantly greater (p l 0.001) in patients with echocardiographic nonviability. Revascularization improved clinical outcome only in patients with viable myocardium identified with dobutamine stress echocardiography.
A survey of canonical forms and invariants for unitary similarity

Abstract Matrices A and B are said to be unitarily similar if U ∗ AU = B for some unitary matrix U. This expository paper surveys results on canonical forms and invariants for unitary similarity. The first half gives a detailed description of methods developed by several authors (Brenner, Littlewood, Mitchell, McRae, Radjavi, Sergeĭchuk, and Benedetti and Cragnolini) using inductively defined reduction procedures to transform matrices to canonical form. The matrix is partitioned and successive unitary similarities applied to reduce the submatrices to some nice form. At each stage, one refines the partition and restricts the set of permissible unitary similarities to those that preserve the already reduced blocks. The process ends in a finite number of steps, producing both the canonical form and the subgroup of the unitary group that preserves that form. Depending on the initial step, various canonical forms may be defined. The method can also be used to define canonical forms relative to certain subgroups of the unitary group, and canonical forms for finite sets of matrices under simultaneous unitary similarity. The remainder of the paper surveys results on unitary invariants and other topics related to unitary similarity, such as the Specht-Pearcy trace invariants, the numerical range, and unitary reducibility.
Comparison of the effects of prostaglandins E1 and A1 on coronary occlusion induced arrhythmia.

The present study compares the effects of PGE1 and PGA1 on ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded abruptly in 55 cats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Lead II of the ECG along with arterial blood pressure were monitored for one hour after occlusion. Either vehicle or prostaglandin was infused into the left atrium (LA) or femoral vein (IV) 15 min prior to and for 1 hour after LAD occlusion at a rate of 0.15 ml/min. Prostaglandin was infused at either a high dose (1.0 μg/kg/min) or a low dose (0.1 μg/kg/min). Infusion of either PGE1 or PGA1 produced a marked fall in blood pressure and heart rate which returned toward control before occlusion. Abrupt occlusion of the LAD produced ventricular arrhythmia in all cats ranging from ventricular premature beats to ventricular fibrillation (VF). The control animals had a 38% incidence of VF. VF occurred in 75% of the animals in which PGE1 was administered into the LA at either the high or low dose while the occurrence in those administered PGA1 was 67% and 50%, respectively. Intravenous administration of the high dose of PGE1 or PGA1 resulted in VF in 13% and 67% of the animals after LAD occlusion, respectively. These data indicate that the IV administration of PGE1 may protect the heart from VF while the infusion of PGE1 or PGA1 into the LA may enhance VF after LAD occlusion.
Coherent Raman spectroscopy

Abstract A review of the salient features of five coherent Raman techniques is given, including typical spectra produced by each technique. The resonant and nonresonant signal contributions in the monochromatic plane wave limit are calculated for: (1) Coherent AntiStokes Raman Spectroscopy(CARS); (2) a polarization technique referred to as ASTERISK; (3) Raman-induced Kerr-effect Spectroscopy(RIKES); (4) Optically Heterodyned RIKES (OHD-RIKES); (5) Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (SRS). The relevant noise contribution to each of these techniques is developed within the framework of a comparative signal-to-noise analysis, and realistic detection limits are discussed. The OHD-RIKES technique is selected as the most viable of the coherent Raman techniques which satisfies the following criteria: (A) suppression of nonresonant background signals and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio; (b) simplicity of operation and interpretation of results. This is the first known application of optical heterodyne detection and optimization to coherent Raman spectroscopy, and the principles developed are generally applicable to all forms of third-order nonlinear spectroscopu.
Evaluation of strand bond equations for prestressed members cast with self-consolidating concrete

Abstract A total of 26 rectangular concrete beams were constructed, instrumented, and tested over the course of several research projects which all focused on examining the bond of prestressed strand with self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The same concrete cross-section was used for all specimens, but SCC using Type I and Type III cements and a conventional high strength concrete mixture were tested using a 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) prestressed strand and a lightweight SCC was used along with a 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) prestressed strand. Transfer length was measured using concrete surface strains and development length was determined using iterative flexural tests. The results of these tests were then compared to the transfer and development length equations proposed from nine different research projects conducted using several different sets of variables. Since the concrete types used in this research were different from those utilized to develop the current code equations, it was desired to examine whether other proposed equations were more applicable. While the different variants of SCC examined using these specimens were also very different from those used to develop all of the examined transfer and development length equations, several of these equations were found to be adequate for use with SCC.
Evaluation of thermal control surface on-orbit servicing methods for long term missions

Future activities of NASA will include the long-term (10 - 30 years) operation of space vehicles. For this reason, there will be an urgent need to provide the basic technology for space vehicle thermal control surfaces and their functional maintenance for future long-term missions. One of the problems arising in connection with such missions is related to contamination which can degrade operational design parameters of critical and thermal control surfaces. All Space Based Payloads will arrive on orbit with a certain level of contamination from ground handling, and, on orbit, will be subjected to some level of contamination over their mission life. For the extension of mission life, it appears practical to institute surface refurbishment procedures for contaminated and degraded surfaces. Potential resurfacing methods are evaluated, taking into account three potential processes. The most promising of these is a cleaning procedure based on the utilization of atomic oxygen.
Overcoming obstacles to developing effective performance measures

As a result of the changing environment, business organizations need to redefine their goals and strategies and adopt new practices. The success of these changes greatly depends on the company’s ability in development and use of an effective set of performance measures. The traditional financial measures are often inappropriate and insufficient; and management faces some obstacles in their efforts to develop new non‐financial measures. This article discusses three main obstacles: What to measure? How to collect data? And, how to get managers to use the new measures? Some guides to overcoming these obstacles are presented.
Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys

High-resolution ultrasound examination of the fetus enables early detection of congenital malformations of the urinary tract. This information is of value in determining fetal prognosis, in deciding the method of delivery, and in alerting the pediatricians to supportive and corrective measures which may need to be taken in the postnatal period. Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral multicystic kidneys was made in a 33-34 week old fetus. A short discussion of this anomaly follows.
Urethroscopy and urethral cytology in men with external genital condyloma.

Abstract Objective. To develop guidelines as to which asymptomatic male patients with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection need further evaluation of the urethra, we studied two screening methods: urethroscopy and voided urethral cytology. Methods. In a four-year period, 135 asymptomatic men underwent complete screening for HPV infection. They were evaluated because of HPV-related genital disease in their female sex partners or visible genital lesions, or both. Results. Of the 135 patients, 21 (16%) had no clinical, subdinical, cytologic, or urethroscopic evidence of disease, and 114 (84%) had biopsy-proven HPV infection. Of these 114 patients, only 14 (12.3%) had intraurethral condyloma. All of these 14 patients had current or historical evidence of meatal or perimeatal sentinel lesions. They constituted 29.8 percent of 47 such patients with sentinel lesions. In 5 patients (4%), results of voided urine cytology were positive for condyloma cells, but only 1 of these had visible intraurethral disease. Of the 14 patients with urethral disease, only 1 (7%) had positive results of urine cytology. Conclusions. These observations suggest that any asymptomatic male patient undergoing screening for condyloma acuminatum who has a history of or demonstrable subclinical or grossly visible perimeatal or meatal HPV infection should undergo urethroscopy and that voided urine cytology is not a reliable or cost-effective test for the detection of visible intraurethral disease.
Streamwise oscillations of a cylinder in a steady current. Part 1. Locked-on states of vortex formation and loading

Streamwise oscillations of a circular cylinder in a steady uniform flow are investigated experimentally using a technique of high-image-density particle image velocimetry, in conjunction with instantaneous force measurements. This approach allows insight into the relationship between the loading and the patterns of vorticity and streamline topology in the near wake.In analogy with the classical locked-on state arising from transverse oscillations of a cylinder in uniform flow, it is possible to attain either locked-on or quasi-locked-on states due to streamwise oscillations. In these cases, however, the repetitive signature of the transverse force is not sinusoidal; rather, it is strongly modulated and the corresponding spectra can exhibit several sharply defined peaks. The predominant peak can vary over a remarkably wide range, extending from the subharmonic to the third harmonic of the cylinder oscillation frequency; for certain locked-on states of the transverse force signature, the spectral peak at the cylinder oscillation frequency is actually suppressed. Corresponding instantaneous traces and spectra of the in-line force simply show dominance of the spectral peak at the cylinder oscillation frequency. Further interpretation of the loading is provided in terms of Lissajous patterns of the transverse and in-line force coefficients.All of these features are related to the instantaneous patterns of vortex formation in the near wake. During a typical cycle of the cylinder oscillation, these patterns can be divided into two broad categories: Karman-like shedding; and a nearly ‘frozen’ array of shed vortices. The order of occurrence of these basic patterns during an oscillation cycle dictates the instantaneous signatures and time-averaged spectra of the transverse force.
Relationship of parental trauma exposure and PTSD to PTSD, depressive and anxiety disorders in offspring

This study examined the relationship of parental trauma exposure and PTSD to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and anxiety disorders in the adult offspring of Holocaust survivors. One hundred and thirty-five subjects (55 men and 80 women) were divided into three groups according to parental trauma exposure and PTSD: 60 subjects were offspring of Holocaust survivors who endorsed having at least one parent with PTSD, 33 were offspring of Holocaust survivors who reported having no parent with PTSD, and 42 were demographically similar subjects with no parental Holocaust exposure. All subjects underwent a comprehensive psychiatric interview in which information about lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and exposure to traumatic events was obtained. Subjects also completed a checklist based on the 17 DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD, to estimate the symptom severity of PTSD in their parents. A presumptive diagnosis of parental PTSD was assigned according to DSM-IV criteria. Forward and forced entry stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effects of parental exposure, parental PTSD, and the subject's own history of trauma in the development of PTSD, depressive, and anxiety disorders in the offspring. The findings demonstrate a specific association between parental PTSD and the occurrence of PTSD in offspring. Additionally, parental trauma exposure, more than parental PTSD, was found to be significantly associated with lifetime depressive disorder. The identification of parental PTSD as a risk factor for PTSD in offspring of Holocaust survivors defines a sample in which the biological and psychological correlates of risk for PTSD can be further examined.
Issues and applications for wideband real-time spectral analysis systems

A prototype 3-GHz-bandwidth real-time spectral analysis receiver has been demonstrated by Lincoln Laboratory. This receiver is based on high-Tc tapped-delay-line chirp filters and uses high-speed semiconductor circuits to perform the output processing. The receiver is presently being space-qualified for flight on the Navy's Second High-Temperature Superconductor Space Experiment. This receiver is being developed for near-term use as a cuing receiver to enhance the signal processing capability of existing receivers. Possible applications for the receiver include both electronic warfare and remote sensing. The ability to perform the output processing required by this system is an important issue. This prototype receiver makes use of commercially available semiconductor components. The prospect of using semiconductor circuits presently under development to enhance output processing capability is described. The trade-offs between output processing complexity and the information provided by the receiver also are outlined.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Allosteric regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase

The liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for conversion of excess phenylalanine in the diet to tyrosine. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is activated by phenylalanine; this activation is inhibited by the physiological reducing substrate tetrahydrobiopterin. Phosphorylation of Ser16 lowers the concentration of phenylalanine for activation. This review discusses the present understanding of the molecular details of the allosteric regulation of the enzyme.
Peptide Detection of Fungal Functional Amyloids in Infected Tissue

Many fungal cell adhesion proteins form functional amyloid patches on the surface of adhering cells. The Candida albicans Agglutinin-like sequence (Als) adhesins are exemplars for this phenomenon, and have amyloid forming sequences that are conserved between family members. The Als5p amyloid sequence mediates amyloid fibril formation and is critical for cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and is also present in the related adhesins Als1p and Als3p. We have developed a fluorescent peptide probe containing the conserved Als amyloid-forming sequence. This peptide bound specifically to yeast expressing Als5p, but not to cells lacking the adhesin. The probe bound to both yeast and hyphal forms of C. albicans. Δals1/Δals3 single and double deletion strains exhibited reduced fluorescence, indicating that probe binding required expression of these proteins. Additionally, the Als peptide specifically stained fungal cells in abscesses in autopsy sections. Counterstaining with calcofluor white showed colocalization with the amyloid peptide. In addition, fungi in autopsy sections derived from the gastrointestinal tract showed colocalization of the amyloid-specific dye thioflavin T and the fluorescent peptide. Collectively, our data demonstrate that we can exploit amyloid sequence specificity for detection of functional amyloids in situ.
Lack of radiographic loosening signs in a hip resurfacing that failed by stem fracture

Fracture of the femoral stem is a rare manifestation of femoral component loosening in hip resurfacing. The patient had undergone successful hip resurfacing 3 years prior to presentation, presenting with complaints of groin pain, but without radiographic evidence of loosening. At 6 years post-operatively, the patient again presented with groin pain. Radiographs demonstrated a mid-stem fracture. Analysis of the retrieved implant and resected femoral head following conversion to total hip arthroplasty indicated that component failure and fracture appeared to be secondary to failed fixation and implant loosening not related to osteonecrosis or acute femoral neck fracture. The case report highlights the difficulty in diagnosing femoral component loosening in hip resurfacing in the absence of gross implant subsidence or stem radiolucency.
Chemical and mechanical degradation of sulfonated poly(sulfone) membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries

A sulfonated poly(sulfone) (S-Radel®) membrane with high proton conductivity and low vanadium ion permeability showed high initial performance in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) but suffered mechanical and chemical degradation during charge/discharge cycling. The S-Radel membrane showed different degradation behavior in flow cell cycling and ex-situ vanadium ion immersion tests. When the membrane was immersed in aqueous V5+ solution, the sample cracked into small pieces, but did not degrade to any measurable extent in V4+ solution. During charge/discharge cycling in the VRFB cell, the membrane underwent internal delamination, preferentially on the side of the membrane that faced the positive electrode. A vanadium-rich region was observed near the membrane surface that experienced delamination and Raman spectroscopic analysis of the degraded surface indicated a slightly depressed 1026 cm−1 band corresponding to a loss in the sulfonate SO2 stretch intensity. Even though the S-Radel membrane underwent severe mechanical damage during the flow cell cycling, significant chemical degradation was not obvious from the spectroscopic analyses. For the VRFB containing an S-Radel membrane, an increase in membrane resistance caused an abnormal voltage depression during the discharge cycle. The reversible increase in membrane resistance and severe mechanical degradation of the membrane during cycling may be attributed to repeated formation and dissolution of particles inside the membrane. The mechanical stresses imposed by the particles coupled with a small amount of chemical degradation of the polymer by V5+ ions, are likely degradation mechanisms of the S-Radel membrane in VRFBs under high state-of-charge conditions.
Vessel‐depleted neck: Techniques for achieving microvascular reconstruction

Background. In the neck, the recipient vessels most frequently used for microsurgical reconstruction are compromised by prior surgery and radiation. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction between July 2001 and June 2005. Donor vessels, vein grafts, and flap survival were examined. Results. Fourteen of 197 patients (7%) were identified with a vessel-depleted neck. All patients had undergone a prior neck dissection and radiation (100%) or chemoradiation (42%). Free flap revascularization was achieved using the transverse cervical artery with a vein graft and a cephalic vein (4 patients), thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein (3 patients), internal mammary artery and vein (3 patients), and inferior thyroid artery and cephalic vein (1 case). In 3 patients, the reverse flow thoracodorsal artery and cephalic vein were used to vascularize the scapular flap. Conclusion. The cephalic vein, transverse cervical, internal mammary, and thoracoacromial vessels represent reliable alternatives in the vessel-depleted neck. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Coupled Translation−Rotation Eigenstates of H2, HD, and D2 in the Large Cage of Structure II Clathrate Hydrate: Comparison with the Small Cage and Rotational Raman Spectroscopy†

We report fully coupled quantum five-dimensional calculations of the translation-rotation (T-R) energy levels of one H(2), HD, and D(2) molecule confined inside the large hexakaidecahedral (5(12)6(4)) cage of the structure II clathrate hydrate. Highly converged T-R eigenstates have been obtained for excitation energies beyond the j = 2 rotational levels of the guest molecules, in order to allow comparison with the recent Raman spectroscopic measurements. The translationally excited T-R states are assigned with the quantum numbers n and l of the 3D isotropic harmonic oscillator. However, the translational excitations are not harmonic, since the level energies depend not only on n but also on l. For l > 1, the T-R levels having the same n,l values are split into groups of almost degenerate levels. The splitting patterns follow the predictions of group theory for the environment of T(d) symmetry, which is created by the configuration of the oxygen atoms of the large cage. The 2j + 1 degeneracy of the j = 1 and 2 rotational levels of the encapsulated hydrogen molecule is lifted entirely by the angular anisotropy of the H(2)-cage interaction potential. The patterns and magnitudes of the j = 1, 2 rotational level splittings, and the energies of the sublevels, in the large cage are virtually identical with those calculated for the small cage. This is in agreement with, and sheds light on, the observation that the S(0)(0) (j = 0-->2) bands in the rotational Raman spectra measured for simple H(2) hydrate and the binary hydrate of H(2) with tetrahydrofuran are remarkably similar with respect to their frequencies, widths, shapes, and internal structure, when the H(2) occupancy of the large cage of simple H(2) hydrate is low.
Measured and Predicted Transfer Functions Between Rotor Motion and Pad Motion for a Rocker-Back Tilting-Pad Bearing in LOP Configuration

Many researchers have compared predicted stiffness and damping coefficients for tilting-pad journal bearings (TPJBs) to measurements. Most have found that direct damping is consistently overpredicted. Continuing to test TBJBs in the same fashion is not likely to produce an explanation for the discrepancies between measured and predicted damping. Most analytical models for TPJBs are based on the assumption that explicit dependence on pad motion can be eliminated by assuming a solution for rotor motion such that the amplitude and phase of pad motions are predicted by rotor-pad transfer functions. Direct measurements of pad motion during test excitation are needed to produce measured transfer functions between rotor and pad motion, and a comparison between these measurements and predictions is needed to identify model discrepancies. A test setup was designed to fulfill these objectives. Motion probes were added to the loaded pad to obtain accurate measurement of pad radial and tangential motion, as well as tilt, yaw and pitch. For the remainder of this work, the loaded pad refers to the pad whose pivot sits on the static load line. Testing was performed primarily at low speeds and high loads, since this is the operating region for which predictions are most erroneous. Single frequency excitations were performed ranging from 10–350 Hz, producing rotor and pad motion, acceleration, and force vectors. This motion was used to determine frequency-dependent bearing impedances and rotor-pad transfer functions. A new pad perturbation model is proposed including the effects of pad angular, radial, and circumferential pad motion. This model was implemented in a Reynolds-based TPJB code to predict the frequency-dependent bearing impedances and rotor-pad transfer functions. These predictions are compared with measurements and discussed. Good agreement was found between the amplitude of the measured and predicted transfer functions concerning tilt and radial motions for low to moderate loads, but deviated in accuracy at the highest loaded case. Circumferential (sliding) pad motion was predicted and observed; however, the effect of this degree of freedom on dynamic bearing coefficients has not been quantitatively assessed. For the bearing investigated, radial motion accounted for more than 67% of total motion of the fluid-film height at the leading and trailing edges of the pad when operating at 4400 rpm under heavily loaded conditions. The measurements show that predicting TPJB stiffness and damping coefficients without accounting for pad pivot deformation will not produce satisfactory outcomes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A systematic study of the effect of triple substitutions on the electron correlation energy of small molecules

Abstract The importance of triple substitutions to the electron correlation energy in fourth-order perturbation theory is demonstrated in a systematic study of a number of small molecules. Some approximate methods to calculate the contribution of triple substitutions are also discussed.
Synthetic Strategy to Prepare DOTA-Based Bifunctional Chelating Agent Ready to Bind Biomolecular Probes

Due to the continued interest in new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCA), we focused on the development of a convenient synthesis of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris(acetic acid)-10-butyrate mono (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester). It consists in the macrocycle DO3A derivatized with an aliphatic linker containing an active ester that requires selective and mild conditions to react with the targeting biomolecule. It is important to underlay the versatility of the obtained BFCA, which can be conjugated both to a biomolecule (protein, Fab fragment) or to a synthetic molecule. In a subsequent step, the developed chelator was successfully conjugated to a peptide sequence.
Cost Worthy and High Performance LSTP CMIS; Poly-Si/HfSiON nMIS and Poly-Si/TiN/HfSiON pMIS

High performance LSTP CMISFETs with poly-Si/TiN hybrid gate and high-k dielectric have been studied. Gate depletion is successfully sup-pressed by in-situ phosphorus doped poly-Si gate for NMIS and by TiN metal gate for PMIS. Vth control for pMIS is accomplished by fluorine implantation into substrate. Optimization of HfSiON formation and TiN removal process is the key to achieve high-reliability. It is demonstrated that this cost-worthy process provides performance which is competitive to reported dual metal CMOS.
A practical approach to grossing breast specimens

The grossing of breast specimens has been evolving over the past few decades. As image-guided core-needle biopsy has gradually replaced surgical biopsy in the initial assessment of breast lesions, most patients have a definitive diagnosis at the time of excision. Breast conserving therapy is now well accepted as a definitive treatment. Neoadjuvant therapy is also selected by a large number of patients. In addition, since its introduction in the 1990s, sentinel lymph node biopsy has become a standard procedure performed at the time of excision, as clinically indicated. Based on our institutional experience, practical guidelines for grossing breast excision specimens, as well as sentinel lymph nodes, are provided in this article.