cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetism of the Upper Jurassic Galice Formation, southwestern Oregon: Evidence for differential rotation of the eastern and western Klamath Mountains

Paleomagnetic studies of low-grade metatuff within the Upper Jurassic Galice Formation at the type section along the Rogue River, Oregon, indicate stable magnetizations at 13 sites with a mean orientation of D = 245.6°, I = 55.9°, and α 95 of 5.2°. Site mean directions are well grouped in situ despite the variable orientation of both bedding and cleavage. The magnetizations are therefore secondary and postdate Late Jurassic folding. The most likely times for remagnetization are during low-grade metamorphism of the Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny (150 Ma) or during intrusion of the nearby Grants Pass pluton (139 Ma). The paleomagnetic pole position calculated from the formation mean direction lies at 40°N, 31°E, far from North American cratonic pole positions aged 150 Ma and younger. Clockwise rotation of the study area by 99°±10° and tilting or poleward displacement of 0°±7° are indicated by comparison with a reference pole aged 150 Ma. However, the amount of rotation is not significantly different for other reference poles aged 140 to 80 Ma. Thus, the data indicate that the Galice stratotype and vicinity have rotated approximately 100° since Late Jurassic time, 20° to 40° more than the eastern Klamath Mountains. An unrecognized fault may be required to accommodate the difference in rotation. In addition, restoration of the rotation places Nevadan structural trends in the western Klamaths at a high angle to Nevadan trends in the nearby Sierra Nevada and Blue Mountains of Oregon.
Pharmacological significance of biogenic amines in the lungs: noradrenaline and dopamine

1. The noradrenaline concentration in the lung was less than 0.5 mug/g in eight animal species.2. In the cat, dog, rabbit and goat, tyramine produced a fall in pulmonary resistance, which was reduced by the administration of either reserpine or cocaine. Although an infusion of noradrenaline increased the content of this amine in the lung of the cat, previously depleted by reserpine, the bronchodilator property of tyramine was not restored. The infusion of isoprenaline did not restore the response to tyramine. The role of either catecholamine in mediating the bronchomotor response to tyramine could not be ascertained.3. The concentration of dopamine was as high as 6.4 mug/g in the goat lung and less than 0.5 mug/g in the lungs of the cat, rabbit, dog, rat, mouse, guinea-pig and man. Dopamine, injected intravenously into the cat, dog, rabbit and goat, produced a slight rise in pulmonary resistance. This increase was blocked by tolazoline, indicating that the response was mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors in the bronchial passages. No procedure has been observed to influence the dopamine content of the lung. The release of dopamine cannot, however, be excluded until the blood in the bronchial veins has been analysed.
Echelle spectrographs at grazing incidence

It is shown that by using the conical diffraction mount, existing echelle gratings can be used at grazing incidence to achieve high spectral resolution in the extreme UV and soft X rays. Design considerations for grazing incidence echelle spectrographs are examined, and two sample designs are discussed. The first, for use in the extreme UV, has a primary mirror and an entrance slit to the spectrograph. The system has a resolution of 10,000, operates at any wavelength longward of 100 A, and covers 30% of the spectrum at a single setting. The X-ray spectrograph uses objective gratings to obtain spectral resolution of 28,000 over any factor of 2 in. wavelength. It operates to wavelengths as short as 4 A.
Global gene expression patterns during neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells

The nervous system is composed of many different types of neurons and glia cells. Differentiation of these cell types is regulated by various intrinsic transcriptional programs as well as extrinsic signals. Studies of neural differentiation have been focused on the roles of individual factors. Here we profiled global gene expression patterns during neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Grouping of the genes induced during P19 neural differentiation into functional categories reveals a set of important transcription factors and extracellular signaling pathways, many of which are also involved in neural development in vivo. In addition, clustering of the induced genes according to their temporal expression pattern reveals 6 groups of genes, each with distinct kinetics, suggesting the existence of different phases in P19 neural differentiation. Our studies provide a temporal array of global pictures of the gene expression patterns used during neural differentiation. The results of this study provide the framework for subsequent analysis of the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors on neural differentiation.
Guidelines for Providing Homebound Instruction to Students with Disabilities.

Homebound instruction involves the delivery of educational services within a student's home. Examples include academic instruction, speech and language therapy, and physical therapy. Initially seen as a service option for very young or frail children with disabilities, homebound instruction is currently being accessed by a variety of student populations. Outside of Early Childhood Special Education, few professional preparation programs address the delivery of educational services within the home. In addition, school districts may not have specific standards for providing such services. Homebound instruction can present many unique challenges. This article will review issues and guidelines for professionals to consider when implementing homebound instruction.
Edgeworth expansions for sampling without replacement from finite populations

Abstract The validity of the one-term Edgeworth expansion is proved for the multivariate mean of a random sample drawn without replacement under a limiting non-latticeness condition on the population. The theorem is applied to deduce the one-term expansion for the univariate statistics which can be expressed in a certain linear plus quadratic form. An application of the results to the theory of bootstrap is mentioned. A one-term expansion is also proved in the univariate lattice case.
A preliminary study of beta endorphin during chronic naltrexone maintenance treatment in ex-opiate addicts.

Because opioid antagonists acutely produce rises in serum beta endorphin, we studied beta endorphin levels in 21 former opiate addicts chronically taking naltrexone. The mean AM (19.5 pg/ml) beta endorphin level was higher than the AM mean for 39 normals under 40 years old (12.1 pg/ml) (t = 3.2, p less than 0.001); the mean PM level for the naltrexone treated patients was 13.6 pg/ml. Four patients had beta endorphin levels more than 2 S.D. above the mean for the normals (greater than 26.4 pg/ml), and six others had relatively elevated PM levels. Thus, 47% (10/21) had abnormal patterns of beta endorphin levels. We had previously reported abnormally high cortisol levels in these patients, and AM cortisol correlated with AM beta endorphin levels (r = 0.7, p less than 0.001). We concluded that sustained beta endorphin elevations may occur during chronic naltrexone treatment.
A Group Technology Based Classification and Coding System for Reinforced Concrete Structures

Abstract: This paper presents an application of Group Technology, a technique used in the manifacturing industry, to code and classifv the components of a reinforced concrete building structure. Given this classification scheme, a designer can search the database for design components that are similar and standardize them, retrieve previous similar design solutions and minimize the constructed cost of the structure. This paper reviews current construction classification schemes, provides an overview of group technology, and develops a classification and coding scheme for mid rise reinforced concrete building structural components. The scheme is implemented on software and a case study illustrates the utility of such a system to the industry.
The iliac angle as a sonographic marker for Down syndrome in second-trimester fetuses.

Objective: To determine whether measurements of the iliac wing angle on sonograms of the second-trimester fetus can be used to detect fetuses at increased risk for Down syndrome. Methods: All second-trimester Down syndrome fetuses karyotyped by amniocentesis over 5 years for whom adequate views of the iliac bones were available were reviewed retrospectively. The control group consisted of consecutive, normal second-trimester fetuses undergoing karyotyping during the same period. The angles between the iliac bones of the fetal pelves were measured on transverse sonograms, and the two groups were compared. A separate prospective evaluation of the ideal level for measurement of the iliac angle was made in two fetuses, one with and one without Down syndrome. Results: We evaluated 38 Down syndrome and 46 control fetuses. The mean iliac-angle measurements differed significantly for the Down syndrome fetuses as compared with normal control fetuses: 78.8 degrees ± standard deviation (SD) 18.5 and 66.9 degrees ±SD 13.9, respectively. An iliac angle of at least 90 degrees was measured in 14 (36.8%) Down syndrome fetuses and in two (4.3%) control fetuses, also a significant difference. In a prospective pilot evaluation of two fetuses, we measured the largest iliac angle at the most cephalad level of the iliac bones, and the smallest angle was measured at the most caudad level. The iliac angle measurements for the fetus with Down syndrome ranged from 55 degrees to 100 degrees; for the normal fetus, the range was 52 degrees to 80 degrees. Conclusion: Although there is considerable overlap, the average iliac angle for fetuses with Down syndrome is significantly larger than that of normal fetuses. The angle measurement varies widely in any given fetus and is dependent on the level of the image. A prospective study is needed to evaluate the best level of angle measurement for the detection of fetuses with Down syndrome.
Dual spectral InGaAs=InP quantum-well infrared photodetector focal plane array

The realisation of an InGaAs/InP quantum-well infrared photodetector focal plane array imaging device is reported. The long-wave infrared response is based on the intersubband transition (intraband) in the quantum wells. In addition, a near infrared (interband) response is demonstrated. This work shows the potential of the InGaAs/InP materials system for multi-spectral imaging applications.
Detection of Extracellular Genomic DNA Scaffold in Human Thrombus: Implications for the Use of Deoxyribonuclease Enzymes in Thrombolysis

Abstract Purpose Mechanisms underlying transition of a thrombus susceptible to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) fibrinolysis to one that is resistant is unclear. Demonstration of a new possible thrombus scaffold may open new avenues of research in thrombolysis and may provide mechanistic insight into thrombus remodeling. Materials and Methods Ten human thrombus samples were collected during cases of thrombectomy and open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (five samples 1 y old). Additionally, an acute murine hindlimb ischemia model was created to evaluate thrombus samples in mice. Human sections were immunostained for the H2A/H2B/DNA complex, myeloperoxidase, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. Mouse sections were immunostained with the H2A antibody. All samples were further evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Results An extensive network of extracellular histone/DNA complex was demonstrated in the matrix of human ex vivo thrombus. This network is present throughout the highly cellular acute thrombus. However, in chronic thrombi, detection of the histone/DNA network was predominantly in regions of low collagen content and high cell density, which were mostly near the lumen. These regions of high cell density contained neutrophils and monocytes. Similarly, sections from the acute murine hindlimb ischemia model also exhibited extensive immunoreactivity to the histone antibody in the extracellular space within murine thrombi. Conclusions Extensive detection of genomic DNA associated with histones in the extracellular matrix of human and mouse thrombi suggest the presence of a new thrombus-associated scaffold.
Henipavirus V Protein Association with Polo-Like Kinase Reveals Functional Overlap with STAT1 Binding and Interferon Evasion

Emerging viruses in the paramyxovirus genus Henipavirus evade host antiviral responses via protein interactions between the viral V and W proteins and cellular STAT1 and STAT2 and the cytosolic RNA sensor MDA5. Polo-like kinase (PLK1) is identified as being an additional cellular partner that can bind to Nipah virus P, V, and W proteins. For both Nipah virus and Hendra virus, contact between the V protein and the PLK1 polo box domain is required for V protein phosphorylation. Results indicate that PLK1 is engaged by Nipah virus V protein amino acids 100 to 160, previously identified as being the STAT1 binding domain responsible for host interferon (IFN) signaling evasion, via a Thr-Ser-Ser-Pro motif surrounding residue 130. A distinct Ser-Thr-Pro motif surrounding residue 199 mediates the PLK1 interaction with Hendra virus V protein. Select mutations in the motif surrounding residue 130 also influenced STAT1 binding and innate immune interference, and data indicate that the V:PLK1 and V:STAT complexes are V mediated yet independent of one another. The effects of STAT1/PLK1 binding motif mutations on the function the Nipah virus P protein in directing RNA synthesis were tested. Remarkably, mutations that selectively disrupt the STAT or PLK1 interaction site have no effects on Nipah virus P protein-mediated viral RNA synthesis. Therefore, mutations targeting V protein-mediated IFN evasion will not alter the RNA synthetic capacity of the virus, supporting an attenuation strategy based on disrupting host protein interactions.
Power-efficient prefetching for embedded processors

Because of stringent power constraints, aggressive latency-hiding approaches, such as prefetching, are absent in the state-of-the-art embedded processors. There are two main reasons that make prefetching power inefficient. First, compiler-inserted prefetch instructions increase code size and, therefore, could increase I-cache power. Second, inaccurate prefetching (especially for hardware prefetching) leads to high D-cache power consumption because of useless accesses. In this work, we show that it is possible to support power-efficient prefetching through bit-differential offset assignment. We target the prefetching of relocatable stack variables with a high degree of precision. By assigning the offsets of stack variables in such a way that most consecutive addresses differ by 1 bit, we can prefetch them with compact prefetch instructions to save I-cache power. The compiler first generates an access graph of consecutive memory references and then attempts a layout of the memory locations in the smallest hypercube. Each dimension of the hypercube represents a 1-bit differential addressing. The embedding is carried out in as compact a hypercube as possible in order to save memory space. Each load/store instruction carries a hint regarding prefetching the next memory reference by encoding its differential address with respect to the current one. To reduce D-cache power cost, we further attempt to assign offsets so that most of the consecutive accesses map to the same cache line. Our prefetching is done using a one entry line buffer [Wilson et al. 1996]. Consequently, many look-ups in D-cache reduce to incremental ones. This results in D-cache activity reduction and power savings. Our prefetcher requires both compiler and hardware support. In this paper, we provide implementation on the processor model close to ARM with small modification to the ISA. We tackle issues such as out-of-order commit, predication, and speculation through simple modifications to the processor pipeline on noncritical paths. Our goal in this work is to boost performance while maintaining/lowering power consumption. Our results show 12p speedup and slight power reduction. The runtime virtual space loss for stack and static data is about 11.8p.
Reaction, transformation and delamination of samarium zirconate thermal barrier coatings

Abstract The rare earth zirconates have attracted interest for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) because they have very low intrinsic thermal conductivities, are stable above 1200 °C and are more resistant to sintering than yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Samarium zirconate (SZO) has the lowest thermal conductivity of the rare earth zirconates and its pyrochore structure is stable to 2200 °C but little is known about its response to thermal cycling. Here, columnar morphology SZO coatings have been deposited on bond coated superalloy substrates using a directed vapor deposition method that facilitated the incorporation of pore volume fractions of 25 to 45%. The as-deposited coatings had a fluorite structure which transformed to the pyrochlore phase upon thermal cycling between 100 and 1100 °C. This cycling eventually led to delamination of the coatings, with failure occurring at the interface between the TGO and a “mixed zone” that formed between the thermally grown alumina oxide (TGO) and the SZO. While the delamination lifetime increased with coating porosity (reduction in coating modulus), it was significantly less than that of similar YSZ coatings applied to the same substrates. The reduced life resulted from a reaction between the rare earth zirconate and the alumina-rich bond coat TGO, leading to the formation of a mixed zone consisting of SZO and SmAlO 3 . Thermal strain energy calculations show that the delamination driving force increases with TGO and mixed layer thicknesses and with coating modulus. The placement of a 10 μm thick YSZ layer between the TGO and SZO layers eliminated the mixed zone and restored the thermal cyclic life to that of YSZ structures.
Parametric analysis of conductance data.

Abstract It is shown that three and only three parameters are sufficient to generate a function Λ (c; Λ0, KA, R) which reproduces observed equivalent conductance Λ as a function of concentration c within experimental error up to concentrations of about 2 × 10-7D3 eq/liter (D = dielectric constant). The three parameters are: Λ0, the limit of Λ(c) at zero concentration; KA, the association constant; and R, a distance. Realization that conductance data can provide only one distance parameter suggests a model for electrolytic solutions in which R is defined as the radius of the sphere inside of which a unique partner can be found for a paired ion, and outside of which continuum theory may be applied. All system-specific effects (ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions, and the inherent spatial discontinuity of real solutions) appear within the spheres of radius R centered at the cations of the ion pairs. The association constant therefore depends not only on electrostatic attraction but also on the multiplicity of molecular parameters that are needed to describe short range interactions.
High-resolution infrared and infrared radiofrequency double-resonance spectroscopy of the ν2 band of CD3I☆

Abstract Approximately 175 transitions in the ν 2 band of CD 3 I near 949.360 cm −1 have been recorded at Doppler-limited resolution and 2–10 MHz accuracy by means of an infrared microwave sideband laser spectrometer. About 150 radiofrequency resonances, half each in the ground and v 2 = 1 states, have been recorded at 70 kHz resolution and 5–20 kHz accuracy by using the infrared microwave sideband system as a pumping source for infrared radiofrequency double resonance. In addition to demonstrating the usefulness of this technique for systematic infrared radiofrequency double resonance, the radiofrequencies have been combined with previous measurements of microwave, millimeter-wave, and infrared radiofrequency double-resonance spectra to determine nuclear quadrupole coupling parameters, including centrifugal distortion effects, and spin-rotation parameters for the iodine nucleus. The infrared frequencies have been converted to hypothetical unsplit frequencies and combined with similarly converted microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies to obtain improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground and v 2 = 1 states in CD 3 I. These constants have been used to calculate coincidences with CO 2 laser frequencies for J ≤ 40 and K ≤ 10 and to assign three previously reported submillimeter-wave laser transitions.
Distinct functions of JNK and c‐Jun in oxidant‐induced hepatocyte death

Overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling is a central mechanism of hepatocyte injury and death including that from oxidative stress. However, the functions of JNK and c-Jun are still unclear, and this pathway also inhibits hepatocyte death. Previous studies of menadione-induced oxidant stress demonstrated that toxicity resulted from sustained JNK/c-Jun activation as death was blocked by the c-Jun dominant negative TAM67. To further delineate the function of JNK/c-Jun signaling in hepatocyte injury from oxidant stress, the effects of direct JNK inhibition on menadione-induced death were examined. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of TAM67, pharmacological JNK inhibition by SP600125 sensitized the rat hepatocyte cell line RALA255-10G to death from menadione. SP600125 similarly sensitized mouse primary hepatocytes to menadione toxicity. Death from SP600125/menadione was c-Jun dependent as it was blocked by TAM67, but independent of c-Jun phosphorylation. Death occurred by apoptosis and necrosis and activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Short hairpin RNA knockdowns of total JNK or JNK2 sensitized to death from menadione, whereas a jnk1 knockdown was protective. Jnk2 null mouse primary hepatocytes were also sensitized to menadione death. JNK inhibition magnified decreases in cellular ATP content and β-oxidation induced by menadione. This effect mediated cell death as chemical inhibition of β-oxidation also sensitized cells to death from menadione, and supplementation with the β-oxidation substrate oleate blocked death. Components of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway have opposing functions in hepatocyte oxidant stress with JNK2 mediating resistance to cell death and c-Jun promoting death.
Rigorous method for computing photoabsorption cross sections from a basis-set expansion

We present a rigorous technique, which should be applicable to both atoms and molecules, for calculating photoabsorption cross sections using square-integrable basis functions. The technique is based on the method of complex coordinates as developed by Nuttall and co-workers. In contrast to some other L2 methods, the calculations converge directly at real energies. The method is illustrated by application to the case of atomic hydrogen.
Individual Src-family tyrosine kinases direct the degradation or protection of the clock protein Timeless via differential ubiquitylation

Timeless was originally identified in Drosophila as an essential component of circadian cycle regulation, where its function is tightly controlled at the protein level by tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent degradation. In mammals, Timeless has also been implicated in circadian rhythms as well as cell cycle control and embryonic development. Here we report that mammalian Timeless is an SH3 domain-binding protein and substrate for several members of the Src protein-tyrosine kinase family, including Fyn, Hck, c-Src and c-Yes. Co-expression of Tim with Fyn or Hck was followed by ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation in human 293T cells. While c-Src and c-Yes also promoted Tim ubiquitylation, in this case ubiquitylation correlated with Tim protein accumulation rather than degradation. Both c-Src and c-Yes selectively promoted modification of Tim through Lys63-linked polyubiquitin, which may explain the differential effects on Tim protein turnover. These data show distinct and opposing roles for individual Src-family members in the regulation of Tim protein levels, suggesting a unique mechanism for the regulation of Tim function in mammals.
Reroute deferability in a NAS-wide simulation

Presents a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. ✓ Model is sensitive to weather forecasts en route ✓ TFM actions strategically reduce congestion ✓ Flights can be dynamically rerouted ✓ TFM response is sensitive to forecast accuracy ✓ NAS delays sensitive to TFM planning horizon ➢ Further analyses for confidence intervals
A soliton hierarchy associated with a new spectral problem and its Hamiltonian structure

A hierarchy of soliton equations together with its Hamiltonian structure is constructed from a new spectral problem associated with the three-dimensional special orthogonal real Lie algebra, so(3,ℝ). The Liouville integrability of the presented soliton hierarchy is proved, based on the Hamiltonian structure.
Moonlight, mushrooms and moulds.

Abstract Studies of biological responses to moonlight as distinct from lunar phases are warranted. Fungi are especially suitable organisms for this research. Moonlight is quantitatively and qualitatively similar to light which causes photoresponses of fungi.
Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) telescope optical engineering

The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), a cryogenic infrared observatory planned for launch around the turn of the century, will span the 3 - 180 micrometers spectral wavelength during its operation in an earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. SIRTF's environmental conditions and mass constraints present challenging requirements to the optical engineer. The SIRTF telescope will operate at near liquid helium temperatures after encountering a launch environment. The Optical Telescope Assembly, which incorporates the primary and secondary mirrors, baffles and support structure, must retain alignment after launch vibration, gravity release and cooldown. Additionally, telescope mass requirements indicate the use of lightweight primary mirror technologies for SIRTF. Candidate primary mirror substrates include fused silica, beryllium, and silicon carbide. Each material has its set of trade-offs. This paper presents these telescope engineering issues and how the SIRTF telescope technology plan addresses them in order to facilitate the final design.
Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft In-Flight Disturbances and Dynamic Response

In September 1991, NASA launched the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. In addition to its atmospheric sciences mission, analysis of data from the e rst 370 days after launch was used to investigate in-e ight spacecraft disturbances and responses. The investigation included a three-orbit in-e ight experiment to determine how each onboard instrument and subsystem disturbance contributed to the overall spacecraft dynamic response. The investigation quantie ed the spacecraft dynamic response produced by the solar array and high-gain antenna harmonic drive disturbances. The solar array’ s harmonic drive output resonated two solar array modes. Friction in the solar array gear drive provided sufe cient energy dissipation, which prevented the solar panels from resonating catastrophically; however, the solar array vibration amplitude was excessively large. The resulting vibration had a latitude-specie c pattern. Thermal elastic bending of the spacecraft’ s two e exible appendages as the spacecraft crosses the Earth’ s terminator and solar array modal contribution to the spacecraft response were also examined.
The future of electric drives: where are we headed?

A key dimension for the future of motor drives is to make them reliable, value-added parts of a system. Reliability of motor drives is far from a resolved issue. The failure of drives has been attributed to many causes, but one of the dominant ones is "misuse" in the application. While this may not seem like a drives problem, it actually represents one of our biggest opportunities for value-added engineering of drives. In essence, future drives need to be designed to live and function despite ongoing abuse. This may seem trivial, but the resolution of such application specific problems has vexed even the best of drive suppliers. This research domain is not simply another application of neural networks or fuzzy logic. Instead it will rely on smart drive research engineers who develop drives such that they avoid operating conditions which are not compatible with sustained operation and continue doing their main function, despite their lack of full knowledge of the load. This paper begins to unfold a vision of this future set of challenges.
A multiple-crane-constrained scheduling problem in a container terminal

Abstract We consider a container terminal loading and unloading containers to and from a set of ships, and storing the containers in the terminal yard. Each ship is served by multiple quay cranes, which load and unload containers to and from ships. Containers are moved between the ships and the yard using a fleet of vehicles, each with unit capacity. The problem is (i) to determine a storage location for each unloaded container, (ii) to dispatch vehicles to containers, and (iii) to schedule the loading and unloading operations on the cranes, so as to minimize the maximum time it takes to serve a given set of ships. This problem is NP-hard, and therefore we develop a heuristic algorithm based on formulating the problem as a transshipment problem. The effectiveness of the heuristic is analyzed from both worst-case and computational points of view.
Digestibility and effects of hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate in lactating dairy cows.

Abstract Five midlactation multiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 14-d periods. Treatments were 1) no added fat (control), 2) 6.1% Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids, 3) 5.0% prilled long-chain fatty acids, 4) 5.2% prilled hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate, and 5) 5.2% flaked hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a total mixed diet (17.0% CP and 18.4% ADF) of alfalfa haylage, corn silage, and concentrate (28:22:50, DM basis). Fat sources were added to supply 5% fatty acids. Diets 2 through 5 contained 53,83,87, and 86% saturated fatty acids, respectively. Total fatty acid intake averaged 650, 1551, 1315, 1544, and 1581 g/d. Digestibilities of total fatty acids (81.3, 78.0, 70.0, 67.3, and 68.6%) were higher for the control diet than for fat-supplemented diets and higher for Ca salts of fatty acids than for diets containing hydrogenated distillate. Treatments did not affect ruminal fermentation characteristics or nutrient digestibilities. Production of 4% FCM and milk fat tended to be less for Ca salts of fatty acids than for hydrogenated distillate. The digestibility of fatty acids in hydrogenated distillate was lower than that for Ca salts of fatty acids, but intake and production responses were similar or greater for diets containing hydrogenated distillate.
Recognition of immunoglobulins by Fcγ receptors

Fc receptors mediate antibody dependent inflammatory response and cytotoxicity as well as certain autoimmune dysfunctions. Fcgamma receptors interact with IgG antibodies by binding the Fc portion of the antibody in asymmetric fashion creating a 1:1 receptor-ligand stoichiometry. Regions of the C-terminal domain of Fc receptors including the BC, C'E, FG loops, and the C' beta-strand interact with immunoglobulins. The lower hinge region of the antibody contributes most of the binding to the low affinity Fcgamma receptors. Carbohydrates attached to the conserved glycosylation site on Fc portion of an antibody are critical to the recognition of immunoglobulins by the low affinity Fcgamma receptor. They are likely to function as a substitution for the hydrophobic core to preserve an optimal lower hinge conformation for the receptor binding. Subtype specificities of FcgammaRIII receptor probably are determined by the length of the lower hinge regions of immunoglobulins, but not their amino acid composition as revealed by the binding study of the lower hinge peptides. These studies also paved a new way for designing of novel therapeutic compounds in fighting autoimmune diseases.
A highly visible helium target for medium energy physics

Abstract Good refrigeration of an extended-area liquid 3 He or 4 He target has been accomplished by surrounding the primary target volume with a thin sheet of superfluid.
MICE REARED WITH RATS: MODIFICATION OF BEHAVIOR BY EARLY EXPERIENCE WITH ANOTHER SPECIES.

Mice in group 1 (controls) spent all their lives with other mice. Mice in group 2 had experience only with male and female rats after weaning; group 3 mice had no experience with peers—each litter was reduced to one pup, which was reared in isolation after weaning; group 4 mice were fostered to a lactating rat mother at approximately 3 days of age and thereafter lived only with rats. In adulthood group 4 mice were the least active and group 3 the most; mice in groups 2 and 4 preferred to spend time in a chamber adjacent to a rat, those from groups 1 and 3 in a chamber containing another mouse; when mice were paired off within experimental groups and given the opportunity to fight each other, the percentage of pairs in which 4 were, respectively, 44,27,100, and 0.
Temporal Trends (over 30 Years), Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Gender in Patients ≤50 Years of Age Having Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Little is known regarding temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes of young (≤50 years) patients who develop symptomatic premature coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to describe temporal trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes and gender differences in patients with premature CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over 3 decades. A retrospective analysis of 2,922 consecutive patients ≤50 years of age undergoing PCI from 1980 through 2007 was conducted. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital and long-term outcomes were compared by decade. Gender differences and predictors of mortality were analyzed in the most recent cohort. Although most patients were men (80%), there was an increasing proportion of women over time. An increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (10% in 1980 to 1989, 16% in 1990 to 1999, 20% in 2000 to 2007, p 2 , p
A Laboratory Intercomparison of Real-Time Gaseous Ammonia Measurement Methods

Six different measurement methods (and seven instruments) for the measurement of gaseous ammonia at low part-per-billion levels were compared simultaneously in a laboratory setting. The instruments were the tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectrometer, the wet scrubbing long-path absorption photometer (LOPAP), the wet effusive diffusion denuder (WEDD), the ion mobility spectrometer (IMS), the Nitrolux laser acousto-optical absorption analyzer, and a modified chemiluminescence analyzer. With the exception of the modified chemiluminescence analyzer, the instruments performed well and, under stable calibration conditions, generally agreed to within about 25% of the expected calibration value. Instrument time response is shown to be sensitive to measurement history as well as the sample handling materials and is shortest for the TDL. The IMS and Nitrolux are commercial instruments used without modification from the manufacturer. These two instruments have significantly slower time response than the TDL (...
The Reunification of Rational and Emotional Life

It is suggested in this article that the need to ‘reunify’ the rational and the emotional is artificially created by the prior partitioning of the two. It is by way of a version of the ‘psychologist’s fallacy’ that the rational and affective dimensions of life have come to be seen as discrete ‘faculties’ or ‘processes’, presumably mediated by or caused by or correlated with still more basic physiological ‘processes’. All this is but another consequence of that unthinking positivist agenda that seems more attractive to most investigators than is the actual life lived by rational beings whose very interests guarantee that ‘affect’ will be a ubiquitous feature of activities that are at once ‘rational’ and realistic.
Leadership Competencies of University Recreational Directors in Wisconsin

The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership competencies that University Recreational Directors in Wisconsin believe are necessary to achieve success in a collegiate recreational setting. A Delphi Method was used to develop these leadership competencies. This study was done to assist recreational directors in developing the knowledge, understanding, and comprehension of the leadership competencies that might create a successful recreational facility. Three rounds of the Delphi Method were used to get this information. During the first round, 12 leadership competencies were identified as important. The directors narrowed these 12 down to 6 in the second round. The third and final round concluded five leadership competencies. Communication, Management of the budget, Personal management, Adaptability to change, and Commitment and integrity were the five leadership competencies that the directors agreed were necessary to succeed in a collegiate recreational setting.
Shape and motion without depth

Inferring the depth and shape of remote objects and the camera motion from a sequence of images is possible in principle, but is an ill-conditioned problem when the objects are distant with respect to their size. This problem is overcome by inferring shape and motion without computing depth as an intermediate step. On a single epipolar plane, an image sequence can be represented by the F*P matrix of the image coordinates of P points tracked through F frames. It is shown that under orthographic projection this matrix is of rank three. Using this result, the authors develop a shape-and-motion algorithm based on singular value decomposition. The algorithm gives accurate results, without relying on any smoothness assumption for either shape or motion. >
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding

Radionuclide bleeding scintigraphy remains a simple yet powerful method of localizing sites of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and is most commonly performed today using the red blood cell technique. Radionuclide techniques for detecting bleeding remain safe, sensitive, and noninvasive. Based on several simple concepts, including the use of cine-mode imaging over the abdomen, it is possible to achieve excellent accuracy in localizing the site of bleeding. Studies often contain additional ancillary information, which is helpful for diagnosis and patient treatment.
A Distribution Law for Free-Tropospheric Relative Humidity

Abstract The probability distribution of local relative humidity R in the free troposphere is explored by comparing a simple theoretical calculation with observations from the global positioning system (GPS) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The calculation is based on a parcel of air that conserves its composition during diabatic subsidence, until it is resaturated by randomly entering a convective system. This simple “advection–condensation” model of relative humidity predicts a probability density for R proportional to Rr−1, where r is the ratio of time scales associated with subsidence drying and random moistening. The observations obey this distribution remarkably well from 600 to 200 hPa in the Tropics and midlatitudes; possible reasons for this are discussed. The lowest values of R are predicted, and observed, to be the most probable. The observed vertical variation of R is well explained by that of the subsidence time scale, which is set by large-scale dynamics and radiation. These results imp...
Management of the patient with diabetes and coronary artery disease: a contemporary review

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with microvascular and macrovascular complications, and is well known to increase the risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Despite recent reductions in the prevalence of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in the USA, persons with diabetes remain up to four-times as likely to die of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Diabetes is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile, induces a hypercoagulable state, and increases coronary plaque volume, progression and instability. Medicinal and procedural treatments in the patient with diabetes should be multifactorial, targeting and managing the many coexisting risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. This type of treatment is complex and should be individualized, and guided by a careful review of recent literature. Here we discuss important clinical data and their impact on up-to-date recommendations for the management of coronary artery disease in the patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Optimization of custom MOS circuits by transistor sizing

Optimization of a circuit by transistor sizing is often a slow, tedious and iterative manual process which relies on designer intuition. Circuit simulation is carried out in the inner loop of this tuning procedure. Automating the transistor sizing process is an important step towards being able to rapidly design high-performance, custom circuits. JiffyTune is a new circuit optimization tool that automates the tuning task. Delay, rise/fall time, area and power targets are accommodated. Each (weighted) target can be either a constraint or an objective function. Minimax optimization is supported. Transistors can be ratioed and similar structures grouped to ensure regular layouts. Bounds on transistor widths are supported. JiffyTune uses LANCELOT, a large-scale nonlinear optimization package with an augmented Lagrangian formulation. Simple bounds are handled explicitly and trust region methods are applied to minimize a composite objective function. In the inner loop of the optimization, the fast circuit simulator SPECS is used to evaluate the circuit. SPECS is unique in its ability to efficiently provide time-domain sensitivities, thereby enabling gradient-based optimization. Both the adjoint and direct methods of sensitivity computation have been implemented in SPECS. To assist the user, interfaces in the Cadence and SLED design systems have been constructed. These interfaces automate the specification of the optimization task, the running of the optimizer and the back-annotation of the results on to the circuit schematic. JiffyTune has been used to tune over 100 circuits for a custom, high-performance microprocessor that makes use of dynamic logic circuits. Circuits with over 250 tunable transistors have been successfully optimized. Automatic circuit tuning has been found to facilitate design re-use. The designers' focus shifts from solving the optimization problem to specifying it correctly and completely. This paper describes the algorithms of JiffyTune, the environment in which it is used and presents a case study of the application of JiffyTune to individual circuits of the microprocessor.
Shapecollage: occlusion-aware, example-based shape interpretation

This paper presents an example-based method to interpret a 3D shape from a single image depicting that shape. A major difficulty in applying an example-based approach to shape interpretation is the combinatorial explosion of shape possibilities that occur at occluding contours. Our key technical contribution is a new shape patch representation and corresponding pairwise compatibility terms that allow for flexible matching of overlapping patches, avoiding the combinatorial explosion by allowing patches to explain only the parts of the image they best fit. We infer the best set of localized shape patches over a graph of keypoints at multiple scales to produce a discontinuous shape representation we term a shape collage. To reconstruct a smooth result, we fit a surface to the collage using the predicted confidence of each shape patch. We demonstrate the method on shapes depicted in line drawing, diffuse and glossy shading, and textured styles.
Reconfigurable and Tunable Flat-Top Microwave Photonic Filters Utilizing Optical Frequency Combs

We demonstrate reconfigurable and tunable flat-top microwave photonic filters based on an optical comb source and a dispersive medium. Complex taps allowing flexible and tunable filter characteristics are implemented by programming the amplitude and phase of individual comb lines using an optical line-by-line pulse shaper. First, we implement a flat top filter by applying positive and negative weights across the comb lines, then tune the filter center frequency by adding a phase ramp onto the tap weights.
Nueleon-pionQ values

Evidence for the existence of an isobar with isotropic spin 3/2 from proton-proton collisions at 3.5 Bev was investigated. The isobar can decay into any combination of nucleon and meson( pi ), depending on the Z-component of the isotropic spin. An attempt was made to limit the sample of events to those with a single neutron or meson( pi /sup o/). All events with two secondary tracks were subjected to a missing mass calculation to determine which events had only one secondary meson( pi . Q values for all combinations of nucleon-meson( pi ) pairs were calculated. Approximately 45% had Q values that indicate an isobar decay. (C.E.S.)
Localization and tracking of multiple near-field sources using randomly distributed sensors

The performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator using fast and adaptive simulated annealing methods has been investigated for near-field localization of multiple narrowband sources. The estimation results are found to be close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The effect of unknown parameters such as the source frequency, amplitudes and path loss factors is studied. The performance is found to improve with the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and snapshots. It is observed that nonlinearly quantized received samples can be successfully used in the ML estimator with little compromise in localization performance. An increase in the number of sensors, beyond a certain threshold number of sensors located closer to the sources, is found to provide only a marginal improvement in location estimation performance.
Polycomb group genes are required to maintain a binary fate choice in the Drosophila eye

Background Identifying the mechanisms by which cells remain irreversibly committed to their fates is a critical step toward understanding and being able to manipulate development and homeostasis. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are chromatin modifiers that maintain transcriptional silencing, and loss of PcG genes causes widespread derepression of many developmentally important genes. However, because of their broad effects, the degree to which PcG proteins are used at specific fate choice points has not been tested. To understand how fate choices are maintained, we have been analyzing R7 photoreceptor neuron development in the fly eye. R1, R6, and R7 neurons are recruited from a pool of equivalent precursors. In order to adopt the R7 fate, these precursors make three binary choices. They: (1) adopt a neuronal fate, as a consequence of high receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity (they would otherwise become non-neuronal support cells); (2) fail to express Seven-up (Svp), as a consequence of Notch (N) activation (they would otherwise express Svp and become R1/R6 neurons); and (3) fail to express Senseless (Sens), as a parallel consequence of N activation (they would otherwise express Sens and become R8 neurons in the absence of Svp). We were able to remove PcG genes specifically from post-mitotic R1/R6/R7 precursors, allowing us to probe these genes' roles in the three binary fate choices that R1/R6/R7 precursors face when differentiating as R7s.
Linking Family Economic Hardship to Early Childhood Health: An Investigation of Mediating Pathways

Objectives The underlying mechanisms through which family economic adversity influences child health are less understood. Taking a process-oriented approach, this study examined maternal mental health and investment in children, child health insurance, and child healthcare as mediators linking family economic hardship (FEH) to child health.