cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Alteration of Long-Term Potentiation-Induced Transcriptional Response in Hippocampus of Aged, Memory- Impaired Rats

Normal human aging is associated with selective changes in cognition that are attributable, in part, to dysfunction of hippocampal pathways. Rodents also exhibit age-dependent hippocampal dysfunction that results in spatial memory deficits and a correlated reduction in the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Although suprathreshold stimulus protocols result in normal LTP induction in aged rats, the ability to sustain this increase in synaptic efficacy is reduced in the old animals. The maintenance phase of LTP is known to be dependent on rapid, transcriptional events, and recent studies have identified signal transduction mechanisms that link glutamate-induced responses at the synapse with transcriptional responses at the nucleus. To examine the integrity of these signaling pathways in aged hippocampus, we monitored the induction of a panel of immediate early genes (IEGs) that are known to be transcriptionally activated after LTP-inducing stimuli, using a "reverse Northern" strategy. Here we report that a broad representation of IEGs are similarly induced in awake, behaving young adult and aged, memory-impaired rats. This indicates a general preservation of these presumptive signaling pathways during the aging process. Induced levels of c-fos mRNA, however, are significantly higher in the aged animals. These observations suggest that age-dependent hippocampal dysfunction may be associated with a selective change in the dynamic activity of signaling pathways upstream of c-fos, possibly involving calcium regulation.
Less Day Care or Different Day Care

Commentary is provided on 2 papers published in this issue, which suggest some risks in nonmaternal or out-of-home care (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] Early Child Care Research Network, this issue; Watamura, Donzella, Alwin, & Gunnar, this issue). In light of the findings, 2 child care policy options are examined: first, support for in-home care in the early years; and second, changes in the nature of out-of-home care. From ethnographic and experimental research, it is argued that out-of-home pre-elementary care can contribute positively to social development if it emphasizes (a) children's attachment to school and peer group, (b) constructivist rather than didactic learning, (c) intrinsic and internalized motivation, and (4) group structures that support social development.
The influence of benomyl formulation on the response of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) to dibutylurea

Experiments were conducted in a glasshouse to evaluate the phytotoxi- city of dibutylurea (DBU), a breakdown product of benomyl, benomyl formula- tions and constitutive ingredients of "BenlateI Dry Flowable (DF) on whole cucumber (Cucumis sativus. Poinsett 76) plants. Benlate Wettable Powder (WP) and DF formulations did not a†ect the phytotoxicity of DBU. When com- mercially purchased (samples obtained from growers) DF and WP formulations containing equivalent DBU concentrations were compared for phytotoxicity, no statistical interactions between formulations were observed. Benomyl, DBU and DF inert ingredients were tested alone and in combination to assess their phyto- toxicity. Only DBU at rates greater than 94 mg litre~1 caused a reduction in root and shoot growth. Also DBU applied alone or as a component of either Benlate formulation was shown to reduce the peak-to-terminal chlorophyll a Nuorescence ratio measured in vivo by a plant productivity Nuorometer. 1998 ( SCI. Pestic. Sci., 52, 287E291 (1998)
Time-dependent degradation of an ion-focused ATA beam

Detailed measurements of the time-dependent beam quality of an ATA (Advanced Test Accelerator) pulse transported on a KrF laser-photoionized benzene channel were performed. It was found that the tail portion ( tau >or=20-30 ns) of the pulse becomes severely degraded both at high currents (I>3 kA) and at long transport distances. Nonaxisymmetric channel ion motion is suspected as the predominant source of the problem. The authors discuss various experiments which varied laser properties (timing, fluence, profiles), background ion pressure, and electron beam current in order to study the physics behind this degradation. >
The amplitude of force variability is correlated in the knee extensor and elbow flexor muscles.

The purpose of this study was to determine motor output variability for different muscles in the same individuals. Ten young (21.7 ± 3.4 years) and ten elderly (72.1 ± 3.9 years) men underwent assessment of maximal isometric (MVC) and dynamic (1-RM) strength, and performed constant-force (2–50% MVC), constant-load (5–50% 1-RM load), and unloaded postural contractions as steadily as possible with the first dorsal interosseus (FDI), elbow flexors (EF), and knee extensors (KE). The coefficient of variation (CV) of force for isometric contractions and the standard deviation (SD) of acceleration for concentric, eccentric, and postural contractions were calculated. The 1-RM load, the CV of force for four of five isometric target forces, and the SD of acceleration during postural contractions were correlated between the EF and KE muscles. MVC force, 1-RM load, and SD of acceleration during postural contractions were not correlated between the FDI/EF or FDI/KE. The CV of force was correlated between the FDI/EF and FDI/KE for two of five isometric target forces. The SD of acceleration during concentric and eccentric contractions was not correlated between muscles. The normalized fluctuations during isometric contractions were greater for the FDI compared with the EF and KE. Elderly adults displayed greater fluctuations only for the FDI during low-force isometric and postural contractions. The dominant frequency of fluctuations was similar for the EF and KE muscles. The correlated fluctuations for the EF and KE muscles, within subjects, suggests that the two motor neuron pools transform the various neural inputs similarly.
The relative diagnostic sensitivity of different F-wave parameters in various polyneuropathies.

We studied F-wave minimum latency, persistence, and chronodispersion in the median and ulnar nerves of 70 controls and 75 patients with various polyneuropathies. Prolonged minimum latency was the most frequent F-wave abnormality in all groups of patients with polyneuropathy. The finding of decreased persistence or absence of F-responses was comparable in sensitivity to prolonged minimum latency in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), whereas chronodispersion had a comparable sensitivity only in CIDP. Decreased persistence of obtained F-responses, and the absence of F-responses in nerves with low compound muscle action potential amplitudes, were nonspecific findings. F-wave studies often provide useful additional information in the evaluation of patients suspected of having a polyneuropathy. In patients with axonal polyneuropathies, we found that F-wave studies are significantly more sensitive than standard motor conduction studies in identifying physiological abnormalities of motor axons. Furthermore, in a patient with an acquired polyneuropathy, the finding of markedly prolonged minimum latency, or the absence of F-responses in nerves with normal CMAP amplitude, is highly specific for the presence of demyelination.
A simple device to illustrate the Einthoven triangle

The Einthoven triangle is central to the field of electrocardiography, but the concept of cardiac vectors is often a difficult notion for students to grasp. To illustrate this principle, we constructed a device that recreates the conditions of an ECG reading using a battery to simulate the electrical vector of the heart and three voltmeters for the main electrocardiographic leads. Requiring minimal construction with low cost, this device provides hands-on practice that enables students to rediscover the principles of the Einthoven triangle, namely, that the direction of the cardiac dipole can be predicted from the deflections in any two leads and that lead I + lead III = lead II independent of the position of heart's electrical vector. We built a total of 6 devices for classes of 30 students and tested them in the first-year Human Physiology course at the University of California-Davis School of Medicine. Combined with traditional demonstrations with ECG machines, this equipment demonstrated its ability to help medical students obtain a solid foundation of the basic principles of electrocardiography.
Interactions of ADF/cofilin, Arp2/3 complex, capping protein and profilin in remodeling of branched actin filament networks.

Abstract Background: Cellular movements are powered by the assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin dynamics are controlled by Arp2/3 complex, the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and the related Scar protein, capping protein, profilin, and the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF, also known as cofilin). Recently, using an assay that both reveals the kinetics of overall reactions and allows visualization of actin filaments, we showed how these proteins co-operate in the assembly of branched actin filament networks. Here, we investigated how they work together to disassemble the networks. Results: Actin filament branches formed by polymerization of ATP–actin in the presence of activated Arp2/3 complex were found to be metastable, dissociating from the mother filament with a half time of 500 seconds. The ADF/cofilin protein actophorin reduced the half time for both dissociation of γ-phosphate from ADP–P i –actin filaments and debranching to 30 seconds. Branches were stabilized by phalloidin, which inhibits phosphate dissociation from ADP–P i –filaments, and by BeF 3 , which forms a stable complex with ADP and actin. Arp2/3 complex capped pointed ends of ATP–actin filaments with higher affinity (K d ∼40nM) than those of ADP–actin filaments (K d ∼1μM), explaining why phosphate dissociation from ADP–P i –filaments liberates branches. Capping protein prevented annealing of short filaments after debranching and, with profilin, allowed filaments to depolymerize at the pointed ends. Conclusions: The low affinity of Arp2/3 complex for the pointed ends of ADP–actin makes actin filament branches transient. By accelerating phosphate dissociation, ADF/cofilin promotes debranching. Barbed-end capping proteins and profilin allow dissociated branches to depolymerize from their free pointed ends.
The facial motor nucleus of the opossum: Synaptic endings on dendrites

The diameters of dendrites of large, medium and small neurons (Falls and King, '76) were measured from Golgi impregnations of the opossum facial motor nucleus in order to classify dendritic profiles sectioned in the transverse plane in electron micrographs. Three categories of dendrites are described: (1) proximal (4–7 μ in diameter); (2) intermediate (2–4 μ in diameter) and (3) distal (0.5–2 μ in diamter). The distribution of axodendritic synaptic endings was determined, recognizing that the neuronal source of individual dendritic profiles when seen in the transverse plane of section cannot be absolutely determined in view of the overlap in size of the dendrites issuing from the three types of neurons. Presynaptic terminals were categorized according to vesicle shape (spherical, pleomorphic or ellipsoidal), vesicle size, terminal size, junctional characteristics and post synaptic distribution. The vesicle size is expressed as a mean area (nm2) and was determined by using a cybergraphic tablet and a PDP-12 computer system. In any given plane of section, synaptic terminals cover most of the membrane of proximal dendrites and decrease in number as intermediate and distal dendrites are encountered. In Golgi impregnations four classes of afferent fibers which ramify among the dendrites of facial neurons can be distinguished. As yet, their sources have not been identified. Possible sites of origin for presynaptic profiles are discussed in the context of previous light microscopic findings.
A Recent Adaptive Transposable Element Insertion Near Highly Conserved Developmental Loci in Drosophila melanogaster

A recent genomewide screen identified 13 transposable elements that are likely to have been adaptive during or after the spread of Drosophila melanogaster out of Africa. One of these insertions, Bari-Juvenile hormone epoxy hydrolase (Bari-Jheh), was associated with the selective sweep of its flanking neutral variation and with reduction of expression of one of its neighboring genes: Jheh3. Here, we provide further evidence that Bari-Jheh insertion is adaptive. We delimit the extent of the selective sweep and show that Bari-Jheh is the only mutation linked to the sweep. Bari-Jheh also lowers the expression of its other flanking gene, Jheh2. Subtle consequences of Bari-Jheh insertion on life-history traits are consistent with the effects of reduced expression of the Jheh genes. Finally, we analyze molecular evolution of Jheh genes in both the long- and the short-term and conclude that Bari-Jheh appears to be a very rare adaptive event in the history of these genes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the detection and understanding of adaptation.
Positional error in automated geocoding of residential addresses

Public health applications using geographic information system (GIS) technology are steadily increasing. Many of these rely on the ability to locate where people live with respect to areas of exposure from environmental contaminants. Automated geocoding is a method used to assign geographic coordinates to an individual based on their street address. This method often relies on street centerline files as a geographic reference. Such a process introduces positional error in the geocoded point. Our study evaluated the positional error caused during automated geocoding of residential addresses and how this error varies between population densities. We also evaluated an alternative method of geocoding using residential property parcel data. Positional error was determined for 3,000 residential addresses using the distance between each geocoded point and its true location as determined with aerial imagery. Error was found to increase as population density decreased. In rural areas of an upstate New York study area, 95 percent of the addresses geocoded to within 2,872 m of their true location. Suburban areas revealed less error where 95 percent of the addresses geocoded to within 421 m. Urban areas demonstrated the least error where 95 percent of the addresses geocoded to within 152 m of their true location. As an alternative to using street centerline files for geocoding, we used residential property parcel points to locate the addresses. In the rural areas, 95 percent of the parcel points were within 195 m of the true location. In suburban areas, this distance was 39 m while in urban areas 95 percent of the parcel points were within 21 m of the true location. Researchers need to determine if the level of error caused by a chosen method of geocoding may affect the results of their project. As an alternative method, property data can be used for geocoding addresses if the error caused by traditional methods is found to be unacceptable.
Race and Recognition Pathways to an Affirmative Black Identity

Building on the early work of Frantz Fanon, we explored the concept of recognition as an aspect of Black racial identity or the degree of being seen by others and ourselves as equal or morally worthy persons deserving respect. We collected 64 racial life narratives with self-identified Black adults in four contexts: Australia, Bermuda, South Africa, and the United States. We uncovered a core theme of Global Recognition or the desire to be seen as complex Black individuals with rich, diverse lives and innate value as human beings. Two main themes emerged that either promoted (i.e., Racial Recognition and Acceptance) or hindered this sense of Global Recognition (i.e., Lack of Racial Recognition and Acceptance). Each of these themes consisted of two subthemes. In addition, participants described four types of behaviors designed to achieve Global Recognition: Challenging Oppression, Competition, Self-Affirmation, and Racial Performance.
A new electro-osmotic pump based on silica monoliths

Abstract A high-pressure electro-osmotic (EO) micro-pump fabricated by a sol–gel process is shown to be potentially effective as a fluid-driving unit on chip-scale analytical systems. A silica monolithic matrix with a morphology of micron-scaled through pores was synthesized within the 100 μm inner diameter (i.d.) fused-silica capillary of the micro-pump. The monolith bonds directly with the capillary wall such that frits with large pressure loss are unnecessary. This pump uses electro-osmotic flow to propel liquid solution with no moving parts. The Nafion® housing design in the cathode chamber prevents flow leakage into the electrode reservoir from the flow channel and hence maximizes the pressure build-up. It also eliminates electrolytic bubble interference from the flow channels and provides ionic channels for current penetration simultaneously. As the monolith is silica-based, this pump can be used for a variety of fluids, especially for organic solvents, such as acetonitrile and methanol, without swelling and shrinking problems. The maximum flow rate and maximum pressure generated by the 100 μm i.d. monolithic pump are 2.9 μL/min and 3 atm for deionized water at 6 kV applied voltage. These results indicate that the pump can provide sufficient pressure and flow for miniaturized HPLC and micro-total-analysis systems (μ-TAS). A simple universal pressure pump curve collapses the data for a variety of working fluids and voltage.
Synthesizing sounds from rigid-body simulations

This paper describes a real-time technique for generating realistic and compelling sounds that correspond to the motions of rigid objects. By numerically precomputing the shape and frequencies of an object's deformation modes, audio can be synthesized interactively directly from the force data generated by a standard rigid-body simulation. Using sparse-matrix eigen-decomposition methods, the deformation modes can be computed efficiently even for large meshes. This approach allows us to accurately model the sounds generated by arbitrarily shaped objects based only on a geometric description of the objects and a handful of material parameters. We validate our method by comparing results from a simulated set of wind chimes to audio measurements taken from a real set.
A model for sheet resistivity of RuO/sub 2/ thick film resistors

Considerations of microstructure composition relationships led to the conclusion that RuO/sub 2/-based thick-film resistors can have five different types of microstructure for different ranges of the volume fraction of RuO/sub 2/(V/sub c/). A theoretical value consistent with the microstructure was developed to predict the sheet resistivity as a function of V/sub c/ and particle sizes of RuO/sub 2/ and glass for the range 0.032 >
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and factors for lacking compliance with current CDC guidelines

Background. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend influenza vaccination for all pregnant women during the influenza season. However, the actual rate of vaccination is substantially below the target levels. Given the recent emergence of novel influenza strains, there is an important need to address knowledge gaps in women and their healthcare providers to improve vaccination coverage for pregnant women during inter-pandemic and pandemic periods. This study attempted to identify potentially remediable attitudinal factors among women and their physicians that may present barriers to influenza vaccination and then assess the impact of interventions to increase the influenza vaccination rate in pregnant women.Methods. This prospective study initially analyzed patient and physician knowledge regarding the influenza vaccine in pregnancy and then examined the impact of several interventions aimed to increase immunization ra...
Transcription and decay of the lac messenger: role of an intergenic terminator.

Prior work has indicated that the polycistronic lacZYA mRNA of Escherichia coli is cleaved during decay at approximately intergenic sites (L. W. Lim and D. Kennell, J. Mol. Biol. 135: 369-390, 1979). In this work, we characterized the products by using probes specific for the different cistrons. This analysis indicated that six lac mRNA species are present in the following order of decreasing abundance: lacZ, -A, -ZYA, -ZY, -YA, and -Y. Very little lacYA and lacY mRNAs were present, whereas in cells induced to steady state, there was 10 times more lacZ than lacZYA mRNA. The lacZ mRNA appeared as a discrete species extending to a site in the lacZ-Y intergenic space (ca. residue 3150). This site is just distal to a potential rho-independent termination sequence. We examined the function of this sequence to determine whether it contributes to the distribution of the mRNAs. Although the termination sequence was shown to function in vitro, when it was recloned into an expression vector, no termination was seen in vivo. Moreover, direct examination of the kinetics of lac messenger synthesis revealed that after initiation, most transcription continued to the end of the operon. We conclude that during normal growth, the operon is transcribed in its entirety and that the individual lac mRNAs are formed by cleavage. These results confirm earlier work implying that the lac operon is transcribed in its entirety but are in conflict with several recent reports suggesting that internal termination occurs. Our findings indicate that the natural polarity of the operon (lacZ is expressed sixfold more strongly than lacA) is based on posttranslational effects and not on polarity of transcription. Images
Oral Care in the Intensive Care Unit

One of my favorite aphorisms is, “The mouth really is part of the body.” The mouth gets limited exposure in medical education and has been delegated to dentistry, where emphasis is directed to 2 major clinical infections: caries and periodontitis. The article by Munro and Grap 1 in this issue of the American Journal of Critical Care masterfully identifies important complications to which immunocompromised patients are exposed. Pathogenic microflora of the mouth and pharynx play a major role in several systemic diseases: bacteremias, endocarditis, pneumonia, chronic lung diseases, and endotoxinrelated atherosclerosis, to name but a few. 2-4 A patient in the intensive care unit may be intubated, have a nasogastric tube in place, be heavily sedated, or be febrile—all of which lead to dehydration and breathing through the mouth. These, in turn, cause a change in flora and bacterial overgrowth, with the loss of salivary effectiveness. The administration of antihypertensive and anticholinergic medications also impairs salivary functions and promotes xerostomia. Oral hygiene performed by a nurse or aide is difficult, especially in patients who are semiconscious and noncooperating. To some caregivers, entering a patient’s mouth is considered an invasion of privacy and even may have psychosexual undertones. Nevertheless, a soft, pediatric bristle brush properly used can be effective in removing microorganisms and debris. Partial removable dentures are best taken out and thoroughly cleaned to facilitate mouth care. The administration of ice chips is one way to reduce mouth dryness, make patients more comfortable, and keep down bacterial overgrowth. Use of oral chlorhexidine (0.12% solution) as an antimicrobial mouth rinse is encouraged, but the agent should be administered as a spray every 12 hours to reduce total volume. Use of low-intensity suctioning is also helpful and protective against aspiration during mouth care. Older patients, especially those who are in a supine position and sedated, tend to become mouth breathers and snorers. Their oxygen saturation decreases when the jaw and tongue fall backward and compromise the airway. Humidified nasal oxygen is indicated. The presence of a nasogastric tube interferes with cough and swallowing mechanisms and often leads to aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although it may seem obvious, the presence of loose teeth, large deposits of calculus (tartar), and infected gingivae with easy bleeding require consultation with a dentist. A better designed procedural approach for oral care for patients in the intensive care unit is needed. 5
Extracting kinetic parameters from penetration resistance measurements

ASTM C403 penetration-resistance data are typically fitted with exponential or power functions. Given that the forms of these functions are suggested by either first-order or general-order reaction kinetics, this paper explores applications of kinetics-based interpretations of penetration-resistance data. Data effectively fitted with the exponential function display a pattern associated with the output of a first-order reaction, while data effectively fitted with a power function display a pattern associated with the output of a general-order reaction. Curve-fitting parameters contain “apparent” rate constants, useful for obtaining activation energy for setting behavior. The difference between development of mechanical properties such as penetration resistance with time, and the complex chemistry of multi-phase hydration reactions in the first hours after batching is discussed.
Femtosecond Lasers as Universal Sources for Chemical Sensing and Biomedical Applications

We use spectral-temporal shaping to convert ultrashort femtosecond lasers into universal sources ideal for chemical sensing and biomedical imaging. Our work on automated adaptive pulse characterization and compression is making these sources and applications practical.
The Influence of Sweating and Washing on Weight Loss, Bacterial Contamination and Interior Physical Quality of 12-Day Old Shell Eggs

ABSTRACT THE decomposition of eggs encountered in commercial handling is often due to the invasion of the eggs by spoilage-producing organisms. The organisms commonly enter the egg through the pores in the shell (Zorkendorfer, 1893; Stuart and McNally, 1943; and Almquist and Holst, 1931). It is probable that this process would be facilitated if there was moisture on the shell, particularly if the moisture was drawn into the shell pores. The shells of refrigerated eggs often become moist when they are exposed, even for relatively short periods of time, to room temperatures (72°–75°F.). The appearance of moisture on the egg shell under these conditions is often referred to as sweating. Haines and Moran (1940) presented evidence indicating that a sudden decrease in ambient temperature results in a contraction of shell egg contents. It is possible that a sudden decrease in ambient temperature of sweating eggs could result in moisture being . . .
The analysis of doctors′emotional quotient and EQ′s influential factor

Objective questionnaire will be used to evoke the attention from the public on doctors′emotional quotient(EQ)development by evaluating their characters of growing in career,so as to define the potential group whose EQ needed to be improved.Methods The investigating questionnaire,known as"Standard EQ Testing"is quoted from the book"Psychological testing",which include 50questions and be analyzed by Golemen′s EQ theory.400questionnaires in this investigation were distributed and 370were recollected,the percentage of valid questionnaire is 84.75%in a number of 339.Stratified sampling is used for ranking gender,age and title in the paper.In addition,the writer analyzing data with SPSS 12.0statistic software and applies Rank Sum Test in the result processing.Results As it is revealed in the research,the scores of results and their percentage are corresponded as follow:above 70,13.31%;40to 70,85.79%;40and less,0.90%.The EQ level of the doctor in this research is a bit lower than the medium of the standard EQ level.EQ is related to title,educational background,age and department;EQ is not related to sex,position and medical risks.Conclusions According to the result of the investigation,it drives a conclusion that there is still a great improvement can be made in the general EQ of the doctors,and the improvement target should contain person above 36years old:doctors,care workers and managers in some departments such as intensive care unit and operating room.
Research on Comparison of Different Time Scales Simulation for Power System

The operation of power system needs digital simulation for analysis.Non real-time simulation technology of power system includes electromagnetic transient process simulation,electromechanical transient process simulation and mid-term and long-term dynamic process simulation.According to different dynamic process,different simulation method is adopted.Based on the relevant references,step,data form,scale and applicable occasions of electromagnetic transient,electromechanical transient and mid-term and long-term dynamic process simulation is made in this paper.Taking inverter for example,the modeling method difference of power electronic circuit is studied in the three simulation technology,model is builtl in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB,and waveform is used to show the difference between three simulation methods more clearly.The simulation results verify the rationality of different modeling method,which proves that these modeling methods can provide basis for other power electronic circuits.
Inhibition of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from beef heart by catecholamines and related compounds.

Epinephrine and other compounds containing a 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl backbone were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isolated from beef heart. The structural requirements for this inhibition were different from those of classical alpha or beta adrenergic receptors, and inhibition was not prevented by the addition of adrenergic blockers. At a cyclic AMP concentration of 1.0 mM, epinephrine was a more potent inhibitor than theophylline. The concentration required for half-maximal inhibition was 7 µM. In the presence of a low substrate concentration (0.01 mM), however, it was less potent than either theophylline or papaverine. Elucidation of the basic structural requirements for inhibition by this group of compounds may aid in the design of more potent and specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Identifying malicious activities from system execution traces

Every day, massive amounts of system events from software agents deployed at endpoint devices across the world are received by the IBM Trusteer security group. The software associated with each event is verified with respect to third-party malware inspection services such as VirusTotal. Unfortunately, many events are associated with software that is unrecognized by inspection services. As a result, it is impossible to manually investigate and react to all of them. Traditional quantitative analysis is nearly useless because benign anomalies and attacks are indiscernible. We developed a system that continuously and automatically processes streaming data to help identify suspicious activity. The data comprises low-level traces of process activity. Each streamed activity is augmented with a signature that heuristically biases the degree of suspicion associated with the activity. The system then flags activities that are unknown to inspection services and likely to be malicious. It extracts behavioral and statistical information from the events, builds a predictive model based on supervised learning, and ranks the events suspected of being malicious. We tested the system using VirusTotal on three months of historical data. The results showed we were able to predict more than two thirds of the malicious events unknown at that time, with less than a 2% false positive rate.
In the Spirit of What Might Be Lost: Troubling the Boundaries of Good Fit

Counselor Education and Supervision is a journal with the aim of enhancing the preparation of counselor educators, counselors, and supervisors. Editorial boards and editors may use the troubled concept known as good fit when considering manuscripts. Authors of potential manuscripts are encouraged to demonstrate scholarship, diversify author and participant type, and incorporate pedagogy.
Design of an introductory medical gaming environment for diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease

Gaming is used in a large number of medical situations including the diagnostic and treatment of a number of diseases. With rapid progression in hardware and software technologies, the possibilities for medical gaming are growing exponentially. One of the major innovations in human-computer interaction is referred to as Haptics, i.e., using the sense of touch. Hardware devices can be used to interact with computers in such a way that a patient can receive positive force-feedback, monitor and guide their movements. The collected data, when patients use such devices, can then be analyzed and used to diagnose a variety of diseases and manage them over their life-cycle. This paper describes the design of a medical diagnostic gaming environment that is used to gather patient information in a casual, non-obtrusive manner that is relaxing for the patient. The system employs the Novint Falcon Human Interface Device, a very sensitive device which records the user's movements and provides force feedback in almost all directions to guide a patient who may have problems reaching a specified goal within the game. Specifically, Parkinson's disease patients are measured both for the steadiness of their movements as they traverse through the game environment and their steady-state tremors. The information gathered can be invaluable in determining the progression or regression of the disease, detecting and arresting the disease at a given stage and for other related observations and inferences.
Facial nerve stimulation outcomes after cochlear implantation with cochlear-facial dehiscence

Abstract Objectives To examine the occurrence of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) and outcomes in patients with cochlear-facial dehiscence (CFD) who underwent cochlear implantation (CI). Methods The medical charts and imaging of three patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who presented for CI evaluation were reviewed. Results Patient 1 (P1) had a history of Meniere's disease. Patient 2 (P2) had a history of medulloblastoma treated with surgery and chemoradiation. Patient 3 (P3) had a history of progressive SNHL. Audiometry showed moderate-to-severe SNHL in P1, severe-to-profound SNHL in P2, and profound SNHL in P3. All had poor speech discrimination ability. Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) coronal cuts were suspicious for bilateral dehiscence between the superior basal turn of the cochlea and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve in P2 and P3, with maximum dehiscence lengths of 2.0 mm on the left in P2, and 1.8 mm on the right in P3. A thin bony partition was visualized bilaterally in P1. The left ear of P1, left ear of P2, and right ear of P3 were implanted. Facial nerve stimulation occurred immediately upon activation in P1 and P2, which resolved by decreasing the dynamic range of the offending electrodes. No FNS was observed in P3. Conclusion Cochlear-facial dehiscence can predispose patients to post-implant FNS. Prior temporal bone irradiation may carry a higher risk of FNS. We recommend scrutiny for CFD in CTs of CI candidates and appropriate risk counseling for FNS if CFD is discovered and more frequent monitoring for FNS by audiology.
Immunologic Mechanisms of Contact Hypersensitivity

Contact hypersensitivity represents a delayed-type hypersensitivity response in which reactive chemicals encounter the immune system via percutaneous routes. The investigation of contact hypersensitivity, its counterpart in laboratory animals, has demonstrated this cellmediated inflammatory response to satisfy four important immunologic principles: acquisition, transferability, specificity, and memory. Recent evidence indicates that the epidermal Langerhans cell plays a pivotal antigen-presenting role during the acquisition of this inflammatory skin disorder.
A simplified characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-consuming enzymes with 1-Step EZ-MTase: a universal and straightforward coupled-assay for in vitro and in vivo setting

Methyltransferases use S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to deposit methyl marks. Many of these epigenetic ‘writers’ are associated with gene regulation. As cancer etiology is highly correlated with misregulated methylation patterns, methyltransferases are emerging therapeutic targets. Successful assignment of methyltransferases' roles within intricate biological networks relies on (1) the access to enzyme mechanistic insights and (2) the efficient screening of chemical probes against these targets. To characterize methyltransferases in vitro and in vivo, we report a highly-sensitive one-step deaminase-linked continuous assay where the S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) enzyme-product is rapidly and quantitatively catabolized to S-inosyl-L-homocysteine (SIH). To highlight the broad capabilities of this assay, we established enzymatic characteristics of two protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT5 and PRMT7), a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (DIM-5) and a sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (SDMT). Since the coupling deaminase TM0936 displays robust activity over a broad pH-range we determined the pH dependence of SDMT reaction rates. TM0936 reactions are monitored at 263 nm, so a drawback may arise when methyl acceptor substrates absorb within this UV-range. To overcome this limitation, we used an isosteric fluorescent SAM-analog: S-8-aza-adenosyl-L-methionine. Most enzymes tolerated this probe and sustained methyltransfers were efficiently monitored through loss of fluorescence at 360 nm. Unlike discontinuous radioactive- and antibody-based assays, our assay provides a simple, versatile and affordable approach towards the characterization of methyltransferases. Supported by three logs of linear dynamic range, the 1-Step EZ-MTase can detect methylation rates as low as 2 μM h−1, thus making it possible to quantify low nanomolar concentrations of glycine N-methyltransferase within crude biological samples. With Z′-factors above 0.75, this assay is well suited to high-throughput screening and may promote the identification of novel therapeutics.
Hope Conquers Fear: Overcoming Anxiety and Panic Attacks

Publisher Summary People's anxiety and panic may affect their hope in two ways. First, when anxious, a person attends to stimuli maladaptively. The usual suspects in an individual's maladaptive foci include threat cues, negative self-evaluative concerns, and concerns about the evaluation of others. Directing one's attention to these concerns shifts attention away from other important goal attainment matters. Second, the person's elevated anxiety is associated with self-perceptions of having less control and predictability. Hope may be viewed as a protective factor against the formation of chronic anxiety problems or disorders. Most individuals have experienced anxiety at some point in their lives. The chapter explores what prevents a transition from more transitory alarm reactions to anxiety problems to chronic, debilitating anxiety disorders. There are a number of factors that operate in this transition in varying degrees for each individual case. Hope has a unique role in the prevention of this transition to chronic anxiety problems. Research studies have shown that hope correlates significantly and negatively with anxiety. Hope protects against perceptions of vulnerability, uncontrollability, and unpredictability, as well as off-task cognitive interference. Accordingly, hopeful individuals probably make adaptive interpretations of both their surrounding environment and internal physiological arousal that prevent the transition to chronic anxiety problems.
Simulated Raman spectral analysis of organic molecules

Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry and biology. As vibrational information is specific to the chemical bonds, Raman spectroscopy provides fingerprints to identify the type of molecules in the sample. In this paper, we simulate the Raman spectrum of organic and inorganic materials by GAMESS and GAUSSIAN on our high- performance cluster. By using MPI (message passing interface), we are able to run the codes in parallel. From our simulations, we will set up a database that allows search algorithms to quickly identify N-H and O-H bonds in different materials.
Charlson Comorbidity Index Predicts Survival after ICD Implant in Veterans Over the Age of 70

Background ICDs for prevention of sudden death are associated with improved survival in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Outcomes of patients over 70 years age are underrepresented in registries and randomized trials. Older age and comorbidities are known markers of higher risk of death; however, little is known about ICD outcomes in the elderly. Methods Using data in the VA Eastern Pacemaker Surveillance database, patients were evaluated for the influence of comorbidities and age on survival over a 10 year period. Medical records were reviewed for mortality predictors including age, and 17 comorbidity variables in the Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI). Kaplan Meier survival analysis was conducted and logistic regression models were used to assess risk of death. When available, the mode of death (arrhythmic, non-arrhythmic cardiac and non-cardiac death) was analyzed. Results Of 518 patients identified, 363 had full datasets: 83% had systolic HF, mean (SD) EF was 26% (11.2), and mean (SD) age was 64 (10.4) years. During the study period 156 patients died (43%), with mean time to death of 6.06 (3.34) years. Total CCI Score was associated with increased mortality, r=.254, p<.0005, and age, r=.338, p<.0005. In Kaplan Meier analysis, patients aged ≥80 years had worse survival than those aged <60, 60-69, and 70-79, X 2(3) = 32.14, p Conclusion In well treated post ICD patients with systolic HF, age and CCI score were associated with shorter survival. To determine benefit to elderly patients, more research is needed on the specific comorbidities that should be assessed.
Home Hospice Caregivers' Perceived Information Needs

Background:Although home hospice organizations provide essential care for and support to terminally ill patients, many day-to-day caregiving responsibilities fall to informal (ie, unpaid) caregiver...
Wilson Disease: Implications for Pregnancy

Abstract Prior to advent of effective therapy, women with Wilson disease (WD) often experienced poor reproductive outcomes, suffering from infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and stillbirth. Following the introduction of penicillamine in 1956, uncomplicated pregnancies culminating in term deliveries of healthy infants were reported with increasing frequency. Contemporary treatment regimens have allowed patients with controlled disease to anticipate obstetrical outcomes comparable to the general population.
CHAPTER 3 – State- and Path-Dependent Properties

This chapter discusses the state- and path-dependent properties of a system. A system approaching thermodynamic equilibrium in infinitesimally slow steps is characterized by reversibility of the steps without a change in the energy status of the infinitesimal transitions. At equilibrium, the integral of the variables is constant, so that a change in one limits change in the others. The integral is a state function, and the associated properties are state properties. If an integral of identical variables depends on the pathway, the properties are path-dependent and inexact, The examples of inexact properties are sorption, hysteresis, etc. The thermodynamics of small molecules is predicted on equilibrium states arrived at in relatively short time intervals, making them essentially time-dependent. Polysaccharide processes seldom reach thermodynamic equilibrium in a practicable time interval. A pair of polysaccharide molecules approaching each other in water exerts an interaction potential (ξ’) that is the algebraic sum of the competing attractive and repulsive forces.
Nonlinear waves in an experimentally motivated ring-shaped Bose-Einstein-condensate setup

We systematically construct stationary soliton states in a one-component, two-dimensional, repulsive, Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a ring-shaped targetlike trap similar to the potential used to confine a Bose-Einstein condensate in a recent experiment [R. Mathew, A. Kumar, S. Eckel, F. Jendrzejewski, G. K. Campbell, M. Edwards, and E. Tiesinga, Phys. Rev. A 92, 033602 (2015)]. In addition to the ground-state configuration, we identify a wide variety of excited states involving phase jumps (and associated dark solitons) inside the ring. These configurations are obtained from a systematic bifurcation analysis starting from the linear, small atom density, limit. We study the stability and, when unstable, the dynamics of the most basic configurations. Often these lead to vortical dynamics inside the ring persisting over long time scales in our numerical experiments. To illustrate the relevance of the identified states, we showcase how such dark-soliton configurations (even the unstable ones) can be created in laboratory condensates by using phase-imprinting techniques.
From the Embodied to the Ethereal: Tooth Extraction as a Reflection of Time, Agency, and the Persistence of a Social Presence after Death in Late/Final Jomon Period Hunter-Gatherers from the Atsumi Peninsula, Japan

Recent theoretical treatments suggest that it is possible to evaluate the human life span according to spheres of lived experience (Sofaer 2011). One iteration of these spheres includes the physical (birth to death), personal (identity, awareness, and agency), and social (presence and agency) life spans. This study applies these perspectives to ritual tooth extraction in Late/Final Jomon period (ca. 3500–2300 B.P.) hunter-gatherers from three sites along the Atsumi Peninsula on the Pacific coast of Honshu Island, Japan. Interactions among tooth extraction, age at death, and grave goods were evaluated to understand how tooth extraction resonated across the human life span. Tooth extraction began around 12.0 years. This timing is consistent with the emergence of canine teeth, suggesting that Jomon people marked the onset of these identities with physiological milestones rather than chronological age. Close association between tooth extraction and a lack of grave goods was found, suggesting that tooth extraction was not restricted and may have acted as a symbolic strategy for social affiliation. Associations with animal implement grave goods indicate that these symbols may reflect a continued unfolding of identity in a select group of individuals with tooth extraction. Associations among individuals with extraction of four mandibular incisors and hip ornament grave goods indicate that the relationship with the personal life span was pronounced in these individuals, though site formation argues for temporal contingency between these variables. Overall, these results provide evidence for Jomon worldviews surrounding the passage of time, strategies for social affiliation, and the unfolding of identities over the life span. 最近の存在論的解釈において、人間の生涯は実経験における複数の次元という観点から認識しうることが示唆され ている（Sofaer, 2011）。この種の次元には、物理的（誕生から臨終）、私的（自我、意識、それらの及ぼす作用）そして 社会的（存在とその影響）要素が含まれる。本稿はこうした視点を日本本州の太平洋岸にある渥美半島の3つの遺 跡から得られた縄文時代後晩期の狩猟採集民における儀礼的抜歯風習に援用する。抜歯、(死亡）年齢、副葬品 の相互的関連から、抜歯が生涯において、いかに位置づけられたかを理解しようとした。抜歯は12才頃に始まった。この時期は犬歯の萌出と一致し、縄文人が抜歯開始の意義について、暦年齢よりも生理学的成長段階を意識して いたことを示唆する。抜歯と副葬品の欠如との間には密接な関連が認められた。この事は、抜歯が限られた家系に 限定されて行われたのではなく、集団帰属についての象徴的方策として機能していた可能性を示唆する。動物に関連 する副葬品は、これらが、抜歯を行った集団の中でも、あるグループにおけるアイデンティティの継続的な発信を反映 しているかもしれない。4本の下顎切歯の抜歯と腰飾りとの関連は、遺跡形成論からはこれらの事象間の時間的偶 然性として議論する意見もあるものの、私的次元との関連がこうした人々において特に目立っていた事を示す。総合的 には、これらの結果は、時間の流れ、集団帰属への方策、生涯を通じてのアイデンティティの発信を巡る縄文人の世 界観を示す証拠を提示している。