cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The "Oriental" Problem: Trachoma and Asian Immigrants in the United States, 1897-1910

This essay examines the period between 1897 and 1910, when trachoma, a contagious eye disease, became an "Oriental" problem that justified exclusionary immigration policy against Asians entering the United States. It also investigates the ways in which the public fear and alleged threat of the eye disease destabilized and undermined the rights of Asian immigrants. Many scholars have explored the link between trachoma and southern and eastern European newcomers, in particular Jews, but they have not paid much attention to Chinese or Japanese immigrants, for whose exclusion trachoma played a significant role. This is primarily because the number of Asian immigrants was much smaller than that of their European counterparts and because the Chinese Exclusion Acts, which had already been in place, functioned as a stronger and more lasting deterrent to Asian immigration than exclusion or deportation through medical inspection. Moreover, into the 1910s, medical and scientific innovations for detecting parasitic diseases (e.g. hookworm) helped American authorities exclude Asians in larger numbers. Still, the analysis of the discourses surrounding trachoma and immigration from Asia, though short-lived, demonstrates the role of medical inspection in controlling and regulating Asian immigrants, in particular Chinese and Japanese, into the United States and in constructing their legal and political rights. In 1906, the fear of trachoma justified an order to segregate Japanese students from white children in San Francisco even at the cost of compromising their rights as citizens. Along with fierce criticisms against immigration officials by the American public, the 1910 investigation of the San Francisco Immigration Office problematized the admission of trachoma-afflicted Asian immigrants. Those critical of the Immigration Office and its implementation of American immigration policy called for exclusionary measures to limit the privileges of exempt classes and domiciled aliens and hinder the exertion of their rights to leave and reenter their adopted country. The two examples show that trachoma was a convenient excuse to condemn inefficient immigration policy and regulate allegedly diseased Asian bodies. In 1910, the federal government made a decision to relegate to steamship companies full responsibility for medical inspection at Asian ports. Since they had to pay a fine for every immigrant excluded at American borders for medical reasons, including trachoma, steamship companies carried out more rigorous examinations. With medical advancements and growing interest in parasitic diseases, trachoma soon lost its appeal to immigration authorities. However, the association of immigration, race, and disease has continued to provide a rationale for immigration control beyond American borders.
Causality Orientations Theory

Throughout the book, we have made varied references to three broad classes of behaviors and motivationally relevant psychological processes, generally referring to them as self-determined, control-determined, and amotivational.
Combination therapy with alemtuzumab and pentostatin is effective and has acceptable toxicity in patients with T-lymphoid neoplasms

7037 Background: The development of effective therapeutic strategies for T-lymphoid neoplasms has been difficult partly due to the paucity of clinical trials. These neoplasms are generally refracto...
Height restriction

Information visualization affords us the opportunity to view subjects in a way that is not possible by a 1:1 interpretation, with new toolsets and techniques providing a springboard for discovereing new and emergent patterns that are not visible to the naked eye.
CARE OF THE ATHLETE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CLINICAL REVIEW

Context Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from a highly specific immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. For many years, one of the mainstays of therapy for patients with T1DM has been exercise balanced with appropriate medications and medical nutrition. Compared to healthy peers, athletes with T1DM experience nearly all the same health-related benefits from exercise. Despite these benefits, effective management of the T1DM athlete is a constant challenge due to various concerns such as the increased risk of hypoglycemia. This review seeks to summarize the available literature and aid clinicians in clinical decision-making for this patient population.
A YOUNG FEMALE WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND AN OCCLUDED LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY SECONDARY TO SPONTANEOUS CORONARY DISSECTION: LESS IS MORE

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and is associated with lower success and increased complication rates from percutaneous revascularization. SCAD occurs most commonly in females and has an association with a recent
High Power Mid-IR Interband Cascade Lasers

Mid-IR (3.9 µm) type-II interband cascade lasers based on InAs/GalnSb het-erostructures are demonstrated. Devices, under differing conditions, show lasing up to 217K, peak output powers exceeding 4W/facet at 80K, and cw operation at 70K.
Growth and Raman Spectroscopy of Single Crystal ZnGeN2 Rods Grown from a Molten Zn/Ge Alloy

We present evidence for the growth of ZnGeN2 from a molten Zn/Ge alloy via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Hexagonally faceted, 3-4 microns wide by 20-40 microns long, single crystal rods of ZnGeN2 capped by a polycrystalline dome of ZnGeN2 were formed. A micro-Raman spectrum shows several individually resolved peaks and no spectral features above 825 cm−1, in contrast to a previously published spectrum for polycrystalline ZnGeN2, but in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
Phase Detection Technology in Spatial Carrier Based on Deflection Angle

A spatial carrier phase detection technology based on deflection angle will be introduced in order to achieve dynamic phase simply and quickly in the measurement of digital speckle interference. Firstly, deflecting mirror was used to realize space carrier. Interference optical field was formed between object and deflection reference beams, as well as the information of carrier recorded. Then, three adjacent pixels on the CCD array were calculated to obtain interference phase information of the optical field. Finally, fast phase detection was implemented through a single speckle interference image. The method saves calculation times, simplifies the structure of the measuring system as well as algorithms, besides, and achieves the goal of fast phase detection compared with traditional phase detection technology.
Why Should We Study the Marxism Economy with Chinese Characteristics

Although there are many research results for Marxism in China in recent years,the Marxist economics in China still has a long way to go.In fact,elder generation of proletariat revolutionaries started the exploration of the practice and theory for Marxism in China long before the foundation of New China.However,their results need to be further excavated.Nowadays what's the relationship between Marxist economics in China and Marxism in China,how to utilize Marxism in China,what's the content of and the develop trend of Marxist economics in China,all need our further exploration.
Pentosan polysulfate as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth

Pentosan polysulfate was studied as a calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor. The inhibition from pentosan polysulfate at concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 110 mg./l. was measured in simple inorganic calcium oxalate solutions at pH 5, 6 and 7. Pentosan polysulfate also was mixed with urine at concentrations from 10 to 350 mg./l. and inhibition determined. Measurement of calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition was performed in a seeded crystal growth system. One inhibitory unit (concentration of pentosan polysulfate necessary to give a 50 per cent reduction in the rate of crystal growth) was 5.7 +/- 2 mg./l. at pH 5, 7.2 +/- 1.1 mg./l. at pH 6 and 6.0 +/- 2.1 mg./l. at pH 7. Urine-pentosan polysulfate mixtures showed more inhibitory activity than the predicted inhibition present. Addition of pentosan polysulfate to urine at a concentration of 10 mg./l. increased the inhibitory activity from 45 +/- 3 to 59 +/- 3 IU/l. Pentosan polysulfate is a potent calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor in urine at physiologic pH levels. If the urinary concentration of pentosan polysulfate after oral administration reaches 10 mg./l., the increase in inhibitory activity in urine that may occur might be important in the treatment of patients who form calcium oxalate calculi within the urinary tract.
Building research capacity in college recreational sports.

The field of college recreational sports is growing, but research in the field has not grown equally. To ensure that decisions are made correctly and to justify the worth of college recreational sp...
Religion and the Radical Right in American Public Life

Religious movements and religious ideas have played important roles in the United States almost since the formation of the American republic. From those who sought to abolish slavery in the 19th century to the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 20th, Christian clergy and laymen claimed religious inspiration for their involvements. There is another side to this story, however. In addition to championing these progressive causes, Christian, largely Protestant, religious ideas have also been central to the various radical right-wing movements that have surfaced over the course of American history. Or, as the journalist H. L. Mencken once put it in connection with the 1928 presidential election campaign: ‘the Ku Klux Klan is really the secular wing of the Methodist church in the South!’ Xenophobic, Anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic, and especially anti-communist, far-right organisations in the USA have employed religious sentiments to justify their campaigns against important social changes in public life. We propose to tell their story.
Codeposition of Palladium and Deuterium

The quasi-one-dimensional model of isotope loading into a material relates the loading flux, the electric order/thermal disorder ratio, and other physical issues. The theoretical nonequilibrium deuteron/palladium ratio at the surface of a palladium electrode, previously shown to depend on the loading flux ratio, is corrected both for intrapalladial diffusion of the loaded deuterons and for secondary changes in electrode volume, possibly explaining the often considerable time elapsed until the onset of the desired reactions.
Comparison between fingerprint and behavioral biometric authentication using 2D and 3D gestures

With the popularity of biometric authentication, a natural question is how to compare different biometric authentication mechanisms. By answering this question, we can better understand the strength and weakness of each biometric in authentication. In this paper we report our recent study on comparing most popular physiological biometric authentication method-fingerprint-with behavioral biometric authentication methods using 2D and 3D free-form gestures, which serves as the first step towards that goal. In our study, We have developed a different Android application for each form of authentication. We recruited 6 volunteers in the preliminary evaluation. Each participant tests the three apps for 5 consecutive days. Our preliminary results reveal some interesting findings and suggest more data collection and further data analysis.
Combustion of sonochemically-generated Ti−Al−B nanopowders in a premixed methane/air dust flame

Abstract Sonochemically-generated Ti−Al−B reactive mixed-metal nanopowders were tested by seeding them into a premixed, fuel-lean (Φ = 0.63), methane/air flame to investigate their combustion characteristics. Tests were conducted on powders with and without cryogenic milling. The attenuation of a diode laser beam was measured to calculate the time-resolved concentration of the powder in the flame. Radiant heat flux was measured with three gauges at different heights (1 cm, 6 cm, and 12 cm) along the axis of the flame. Flame spectra were collected to monitor chemiluminescence of intermediate species, and a multi-wavelength pyrometry method was applied to the spectra to calculate the temperature of the hot particulates in the flame. Commercially available metal powders were tested as a benchmark. These included micron-scale aluminum, nano-scale aluminum, micron-scale boron, and inert nano-scale alumina powders. The spectra from flames seeded with the sonochemically-generated Ti−Al−B powder show strong chemiluminescence from the BO2, an indicator of boron oxidation. Peak temperatures measured with flame pyrometry were approximately 2100 K, which is below the vaporization point of B2O3. The radiant heat flux from the seeded flame increased with concentration faster for the Ti−Al−B material than for any of the commercial powders, suggesting a greater gravimetric power density. Based on these results, the Ti−Al−B powders show promising combustion and heat-release characteristics, and therefore warrant further examination as a high-performance solid fuel.
Dynamic Constitutive Behavior of Aluminum Alloys: Experimental & Numerical Studies

Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup was used to investigate dynamic constitutive behavior of aerospace Aluminum alloys both experimentally and numerically. The study was conducted in the strain rate regime of 500/s -10000/s. Both regular solid and modified hollow transmission bars were employed in realizing this strain rate regime. Four different Aluminum alloys namely 7075-T4, 2024-T3, 6061-T6 and 5182-O were considered for investigation. Copper-110 alloy pulse shaper was used to obtain better force equilibrium conditions at the barspecimen interfaces. Plastic kinematic model was used to model rate dependent behavior of Aluminum alloys using commercially available LS-DYNA software. It was identified from the final results that experimentally determined dynamic constitutive behavior matches very well with that of numerical in the strain rate regime of 2000/s- 5000/s.
The tensor differential scale space representation

The characteristics and uses of the scale space representation of planar curves is summarized, and new forms of parameterization and curvature definition are developed which extend the applicability of scale space methods. Previously, the scale space approach to image registration and identification has been unable to deal with images skewed by such operations as change in angle between object plane and camera line of sight. The new approach, based on tensor constructions of curve differentials, eliminates this restriction, and is applicable to image pairs related by any affine transformation. Examples of the operation of the method are presented.
Parametric Survival Models

The nonparametric estimator of S(t) is a very good descriptive statistic for displaying survival data. For many purposes, however, one may want to make more assumptions to allow the data to be modeled in more detail. By specifying a functional form for S(t) and estimating any unknown parameters in this function, one can 1. easily compute selected quantiles of the survival distribution; 2. estimate (usually by extrapolation) the expected failure time; 3. derive a concise equation and smooth function for estimating S(t), Λ(t), and λ(t); and 4. estimate S(t) more precisely than SKM(t) or S Λ (t) if the parametric form is correctly specified.
Spatial Queueing Systems

This chapter describes a spatial queueing model for stochastic service systems in which customers or units move about and receive services in a region or a general space. The state of such a system is a point process on a space that evolves over time as a “measure-valued” Markov jump process. Each unit moves in the space according to a Markovian routing mechanism and it receives services at the locations it visits. The service times are exponentially distributed and the rates, as in a queueing system, depend on the congestion or configuration of the points in the system. The types of dependencies are extensions of those in Jackson and Whittle queueing networks.
Analysis of cylindrical cavity expansion in anisotropic critical state soils under drained conditions

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution for the drained cylindrical cavity expansion problem using the well-known anisotropic modified Cam clay model proposed by Dafalias in 1987. The promin...
Probability Theory: Imperfect Observations

Our full of uncertainty world requires policy analysis to be sensitive to probability theory. This chapter discusses some basic concepts and paradoxes of probability theory and expands to a discussion of an analysis of weak DNA evidence and the error rate of the legal system.
Application of psychological theories on the role of gender in caregiving to psycho-oncology research.

Background Cancer affects both men and women, yet systematic understanding of the role of gender in caregiving and dyadic caregiver-patient interactions is lacking. Thus, it may be useful to review how gender theories apply to cancer caregiving and to evaluate the adequacy of current cancer caregiving studies to the gender theories. Methods Several databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PsychINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL, were used for searching articles published in English between 2000 and 2016. The search was restricted by age (≥18) and yielded 602 articles, which were subject to further screen and review based on selection criteria. Of 108 full texts reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility for this review, 55 met the criteria and included for review. Results The reviewed studies supported the "gender role" and "doing gender" perspectives for caregiver selection. The role identity, role strain, and transactional stress theories were supported for predicting caregiving outcomes at the individual level. Furthermore, attachment, self-determination, and interdependence theories incorporated caregiver factors that predicted the patients' outcomes, and vice versa. Conclusion Despite limited gender theory-driven research in cancer caregiving and psycho-oncology in general, the utility of gender theories in (a) identifying subgroups of caregiver-patient dyads who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of cancer in the family and (b) developing evidence-based interventions is promising. Integrating broader issues of medical trajectory, lifespan, sociocultural, and biological factors in gender-oriented research and practice in psycho-oncology is encouraged.
Restoration using Distributed Energy Resources for Resilient Power Distribution Networks

In this paper, we propose a restorative method to minimize the unserved demand in a power distribution network where some islands are formed due to multiple line outages. The restoration is achieved by tie-line switching and by solving a mixed-integer non-linear problem. Due to combinatorial issues of the optimization problem, a method is proposed which restores the system by setting up microgrids boundaries within the islands and connecting them through tie-lines for exchange of active power in between them. The optimal tie-line to interconnect the microgrids is decided through information exchange between the microgrid operators. Case studies on IEEE 33-bus distribution network is presented to illustrate the results and validate the performance of the proposed method.
Experimental and Analytical Assessment of Simple Bridge Structures Subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motions

Publisher Summary This chapter draws a comparison between the effects of near-field seismic motion on bridge structures and those of far-field seismic motion. To do so, it was necessary to develop loading protocols to simulate each of these conditions. Using quasi-static and pseudo-dynamic displacement protocols to simulate near-fault loading conditions, the performance of a series of reinforced concrete columns is assessed. The results of these tests and a related series of tests at UC San Diego are used to calibrate a finite element model for near-fault structural response of bridge columns. Models of simple bridge structures are under construction using this information for the assessment of system response to near-fault ground motion records. Preliminary conclusions include a likely reduction in plastic hinge length under pulse-type ground motions and little change in ultimate load and displacement capacities for ductile-detailed columns.
SPORT SPECIALIZATION IS A RISK FACTOR FOR OVERUSE, BUT NOT ACUTE, LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY:

BACKGROUND:Sport specialization is often associated with intense, high volume training, which may result in injury – especially overuse injuries. However, there is limited prospective research inve...
Interest Groups, Policy Responses to Global Shocks, and the Relative Likelihood of Currency Crashes Versus Banking Crises

Shocks to global interest rates or risk cause capital outflows for countries outside the core of the global financial system. These outflows lead to downward pressure on exchange rates and financia...
Size Matters: Arginine-Derived Peptides Targeting the PSMA Receptor Can Efficiently Complex but Not Transfect siRNA.

Oligoarginine sequences conjugated to a short cancer-targeting peptide (CTP) selective for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptor was developed for selective small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to a human metastatic/castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cell line, which expresses PSMA on the surface. The PSMA-Rn (n = 6 and 9) peptides were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis, characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and condensed with glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-silencing siRNAs. Native gels showed formation of stable CTP:siRNA ionic complexes. Furthermore, siRNA release was effected by heparin competition, supporting the peptides’ capabilities to act as condensing and releasing agents. However, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed large anionic complexes that were prone to aggregation and limited cell uptake for RNAi activity. Taken together, these data support the notion that the development of efficient peptide-based siRNA delivery systems is in part contingent on the formulation of discrete nanoparticles that can effectively condense and release siRNA in cells.
A Usable and Robust Continuous Authentication Framework Using Wearables

One-time login process in conventional authentication systems does not guarantee that the identified user is the actual user throughout the session. However, it is necessary to re-verify the user identity periodically throughout a login session, which is lacking in existing one-time login systems. Continuous authentication , which re-verifies the user identity without breaking the continuity of the session, can address this issue. However, existing methods for Continuous Authentication are either not reliable or not usable. In this paper, we introduce a usable and reliable Wearable-Assisted Continuous Authentication (WACA), which relies on the sensor-based keystroke dynamics and the authentication data is acquired through the built-in sensors of a wearable (e.g., smartwatch) while the user is typing. The acquired data is periodically and transparently compared with the registered profile of the initially logged-in user with one-way classifiers. With this, WACA continuously ensures that the current user is the user who logged-in initially. We implemented the WACA framework and evaluated its performance extensively on real devices with real users. The empirical evaluation of WACA reveals that WACA is feasible, and its error rate is as low as 1 percent with 30 seconds of processing time and 2-3 percent for 20 seconds. The computational overhead is minimal. Furthermore, WACA is capable of identifying insider threats with very high accuracy (99.2 percent) and also robust against powerful adversaries such as imitation and statistical attackers. We believe that this work has practical and far-reaching implications for the future of the usable authentication field.
The therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the postoperative brain re-expansion in children with intractable subdural effusion

Objective To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the postoperative brain re-expansion in children with intractable subdural effusion undergoing hole drainage surgery.Methods Sixty patients with suppurative meningitis complicated with intractable subdural effusion were randomly divided into two groups.In treatment group,thirty cases were treated with routine medication plus hyperbaric oxygen therapy,while in control group,thirty cases received routine medication alone postoperatively.According to the maximum thickness of the residual subdural cavity (T)in postoperative CT,brain re-expansion were classified into four levels (level Ⅰ.∶ T＜0.5 cm,level Ⅱ:0.5 cm≤T＜1 cm,level Ⅲ:1 cm≤T＜1.5 cm,level Ⅳ:T≥1.5 cm).Brain re-expansion were evaluated 1,3,6 months postoperatively.Results One month after operation,the thickness of the residual subdural cavity was (0.6 ± 0.2) and (0.7 ± 0.2) cm in treatment group and control group,respectively (P＞0.05).There was no difference in the degree of brain re-expansion (level Ⅰ/level Ⅱ:8/22 in treatment group,5/25 in control group,P＞0.05).Three months after operation,the thickness of the residual subdural cavity in treatment group was significantly less than that in control group [(0.4 ± 0.1) vs (0.6 ± 0.2)cm,P＜0.05].There was significant difference in degree of brain re-expansion (level Ⅰ/level Ⅱ:20/10 in treatment group,9/21 in control group,P＜0.05).Six months after operation,the thickness of the residual subdural cavity was significantly less than that in control group [(0.2 ± 0.1) vs (0.5 ± 0.1),P＞0.05].There was significant differences in degree of brain reexpansion (level Ⅰ/level Ⅱ:30/0 in treatment group,18/12 in control group,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen can effectively promote the postoperative brain re-expansion in children with intractable subdural effusion,which can be used as an postoperative adjuvant treatment routinely. Key words: Hyperbaric oxygenation; Subdural effusion; Drainage
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on an academic vascular practice and a multidisciplinary limb preservation program.

With the aggressive resource conservation necessary to face the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vascular surgeons have faced unique challenges in managing the health of their high-risk patients. An early analysis of patient outcomes after pandemic-related practice changes suggested that patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia have been presenting with more severe foot infections and are more likely to require major limb amputation compared with 6 months previously. As our society and health care system adapt to the new changes required in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 era, it is critical that we pay special attention to the most vulnerable subsets of patients with vascular disease, particularly those with chronic limb threatening ischemia and limited access to care.
Long-term capture and handling effects on body condition, reproduction and survival in a semi-aquatic mammal

In long-term individual-based field studies, several parameters need to be assessed repeatedly to fully understand the potential fitness effects on individuals. Often studies only evaluate capture stress that appears in the immediate weeks or breeding season and even long-term studies fail to evaluate the long-term effects of their capture procedures. We investigated effects of long-term repeated capture and handling of individuals in a large semi-aquatic rodent using more than 20 years of monitoring data from a beaver population in Norway. To investigate the effects, we corrected for ecological factors and analysed the importance of total capture and handling events, years of monitoring and deployment of telemetry devices on measures related to body condition, reproduction and survival of individual beavers. Body mass of dominant individuals decreased considerably with number of capture events (107 g per capture), but we found no statistically clear short or long-term effects of capture and handling on survival or other body condition indices. Annual litter size decreased with increasing number of captures among older individuals. Number of captures furthermore negatively affected reproduction in the beginning of the monitoring, but the effect decreased over the years, indicating habituation to repeated capture and handling. By assessing potential impacts on several fitness-related parameters at multiple times, we can secure the welfare of wild animal populations when planning and executing future conservation studies as well as ensure ecologically reliable research data.
Genomic medicine implementation protocols in the PhenX Toolkit: tools for standardized data collection.

The PhenX Toolkit ( www.phenxtoolkit.org ), an online catalog of recommended measurement protocols, facilitates cross-study analyses for research with human participants. The PhenX Steering Committee recommended genomic medicine implementation as a new research domain, with the following scope: genomic knowledge and education (both patients and providers); implementation science; changes in management and treatment; return of results; patient outcomes; and ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) associated with genomic research. A seven-member expert Working Group convened in October 2019 to identify well-established measurement protocols for a new genomic medicine implementation domain and used the established PhenX consensus process to select measurement protocols for inclusion in the PhenX Toolkit. The Working Group recommended 15 measurement protocols for inclusion in the PhenX Toolkit, with priority given to those with empirical evidence supporting validity. Consortia funded by the National Institutes of Health, and particularly the National Human Genome Research Institute, proved critical in identifying protocols with established utility in this research domain, and identified protocols that were developed through a rigorous process for scope elements that lacked formally validated protocols. Use of these protocols, which were released in September 2020, can facilitate standard data collection for genomic medicine implementation research.
Shared Ethnicity as a Correlate of Acceptance of the Formerly Hospitalized Mentally Ill

This study looked at shared ethnicity of former mental patient and community member as a possible correlate of acceptance of the formerly hospitalized mental patient as a potential tenant. This study is an exploratory study with a comparative perspective using a design in which the willingness to accept a former mental patient as a renter in one of four groups is explored. Current research in this field has ignored the variable of shared ethnicity. The findings of this study did not reach the .05 level of significance, however the results seem to indicate that in some cases shared ethnicity is a positive correlate of acceptance of formerly hospitalized mental patients.
A lively activity: To do mathematics

Interest in solving equations in integers or rational numbers dates back from antiquity. I tried to show some fundamental problems which are still unsolved. Euclid and Diophantus already solved the equation a2 + b2 = c2, and gave a formula for all the solutions. The next hardest equation like y2 = x3 + ax + b has given rise to very great problems which have been at the center of mathematics since the 19th century. No one knows how to give an effective method for finding all solutions. I described some of the structures which the solutions have, and the context in which one would like to find such a method.
The Dead Skin Scrolls

I am going to try to bear witness to a blurry Polaroid of my naked body taken by my girlfriend?and first romantic love?in the late summer of 1979. Karen was nineteen, and were the camera turned around it would have revealed a smile as brave and devilish as mine. I was twenty and blessedly unable to pull off that stiff upper lip our culture mandates for its young men. About to go under the knife of both surgery and scrutiny, I appear to be mocking the moment, my glinting eyes lit up like a flashing marquee for the latest coming of-age film, Chipper Dale. And I guess I'm sharing this blurry, underexposed old photograph because that's a mask I sit here eighteen years later still trying to remove. I'm posing mock heroic on a flowery bedspread, with bent knees and a sunburned smile, brandishing a cheap steak knife in my right hand. My phy sique looks fit from a summer loading trucks for United Parcel Service. A suburbanite, I have a farmer's tan from golfing. Stuck at a right angle, my pinkie finger can't fully clasp the knife handle because of a high fly ball I misjudged when I was nine. The bumpy terrain at my left knee testifies to a boyhood bout with Osgood Slaughter, a growing disease that put me on crutches for a month when I was eleven. My bellybutton is an innie. A blond cowlick sticks up from the crown of my head like the last fir at a distant tree line. The hair on my chest is sparse; that on my legs dense. Faking a wildman scream, my mouth is agape, but my tongue is nowhere in sight. It was stuck to the roof of my mouth at birth, and the muscle which allows us to trill our tongues towards our noses had to be snipped. Then there is my foreskin. If our bodies are road maps (as the scholars and the poets claim), there are stories and scars, private roads and social codes to be traced in that Polaroid.
Development of inspection robot system for live-line suspension insulator strings in 345kV power transmission lines

A new inspection robot system is presented for live-line suspension insulator strings to prevent an insulator failure that can have severe effects on national industry, economy and security. This robot system is small-sized, lightweight and more superior in insulation and reliability by adopting a new wheel-leg moving mechanism and a new insulation resistance measurement method. We confirmed its effectiveness through experiments including a live-line test.
Severity of diabetic retinopathy and health-related quality of life: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Objective To assess the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a population-based sample of Latinos with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design Cross-sectional population-based study, the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES). Participants We included 1064 LALES participants with DM. Methods We measured HRQOL by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). We assessed DR by masked standardized grading of stereoscopic photographs from 7 standard fields. Severity of DR in eyes was graded using a modified Airlie House classification. The severity scores from each eye were then concatenated to create a single per person grade ranging from 1 (no DR in either eye) to 15 (bilateral PDR). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the independent relationship between severity of DR and HRQOL after adjusting for covariates. Main Outcome Measures Scores on the NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-12. Results More severe DR was associated with worse HRQOL scores on all of the NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-12 subscales ( P Conclusions Greater severity of DR was associated with lower general and vision-specific HRQOL. Persons with bilateral moderate NPDR had the most substantial decrease in quality of life compared with those with less severe DR. The prevention of incident DR and, more important, its progression from unilateral to bilateral NPDR is likely to have a positive impact on a person's HRQOL and should be considered an important goal in management of individuals with DM. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Cray T3D: a new dimension for Cray Research

The authors present Cray Research's massively parallel processing (MPP) philosophy, together with a brief description of the design of the Cray T3D, the first MPP designed by Cray Research. They give a brief overview of the important features of the Cray T3D, including the 3-D torus interprocessor interconnect. They discuss in more detail the motivation for the 3-D torus interconnect. Using a very simple capacity model of network performance, they show how three dimensions provide a solid balance between locality and scalability up to thousands of nodes. >
International capital mobility in a specific factor model

This model provides a useful starting point for the study of international capital mobility in the context of a small, open economy. All causes of capital flows are readily uncovered. Factor substitution plays a limited role, leading to straightforward properties. Factor price equalization and reciprocity relations are found. Future research could investigate positive, but less than infinite, capital supply elasticity, due perhaps to a risk premium.
Impedance of composite media

Abstract I will review experimental and theoretical work in which impedance techniques are being used as sensors to characterize the dynamic and static properties of solid—liquid composite media. Examples will be presented from electrochemistry, oil-well logging and solid-state physics. Theoretical models will include the models that are being developed by the oil logging industry, transmission line models and effective medium theories and equivalent circuit analysis. The characterization of porous Si will be used as an example.
In Vivo Cellular Imaging for Translational Medical Research

Personalized treatment using stem, modified or genetically engineered, cells is becoming a reality in the field of medicine, in which allogenic or autologous cells can be used for treatment and possibly for early diagnosis of diseases. Hematopoietic, stromal and organ specific stem cells are under evaluation for cell-based therapies for cardiac, neurological, autoimmune and other disorders. Cytotoxic or genetically altered T-cells are under clinical trial for the treatment of hematopoietic or other malignant diseases. Before using stem cells in clinical trials, translational research in experimental animal models are essential, with a critical emphasis on developing noninvasive methods for tracking the temporal and spatial homing of these cells to target tissues. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the transplanted cell’s engraftment efficiency and functional capability. Various in vivo imaging modalities are in use to track the movement and incorporation of administered cells. Tagging cells with reporter genes, fluorescent dyes or different contrast agents transforms them into cellular probes or imaging agents. Recent reports have shown that magnetically labeled cells can be used as cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes, demonstrating the cell trafficking to target tissues. In this review, we will discuss the methods to transform cells into probes for in vivo imaging, along with their advantages and disadvantages as well as the future clinical applicability of cellular imaging method and corresponding imaging modality.
A Strategy for the Fine Positioning of a Mobile Robot using Texture

This paper presents a low-level visual strategy for positioning a mobile robot over short distances (6 feet) using the texture of an artificial landmark. The relative depth of the robot can be recovered from the number of texture generated edges detected in the landmark region. This technique can be extended to recover orientation as well as depth. In that application, the ratio of the number of edges per unit area in one side of the region to the other determines the orientation. The orientation taken with total number of edges determines the depth. The use of the number of edges per unit area as the metric enables this strategy to work well under variations in the shape and size of the region, including mild obscurations. Experiments show that depth can be recovered from an appropriate texture with an average error of 5.7% over a range of 73 to 10 inches. If the landmark is not perpendicular to the camera, the orientation can be recovered with an average error of 9.0° and depth with 8.0% over a range of 84 to 60 inches. Motivation and experiments are discussed, including the issues in designing an appropriate texture for an application. Results with our mobile robot using a motor control strategy similar to the controlled movement of the docking behavior are presented.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Structural responsiveness of filamentous bacteriophage Pf1: comparison of virion structure in fibers and solution. The effect of temperature and ionic strength

X-ray diffraction from fibers and magnetically oriented solutions has been used to study the effect of changes in environment on the helical symmetry and radial structure of the Pf1 virus particle. Detailed analysis of equatorial scattering to a spacing of 8–10 A was used to identify small radial motions of structural elements in the virus particle. R-factor ratios were used to determine the statistical significance of observed changes. Comparison of the structure of virus particles in fibers with those in solution indicated that the helical symmetry of the virions remains unchanged during fiber formation. In most fibers the virions appear to be slightly distorted by the tight packing of virus particles. This distortion results in an apparent increase in the radius of the virus particle of approximately 0.6 A. A change in the radius of the DNA is also observed. Increase in the concentration of solvent molecules during fiber formation results in penetration of the virus interior by some solvent components. NaCl is also able to enter the virus interior. The change in the helical symmetry of the virions at approximately 8 degrees C appears to be the same whether observed by diffraction from fibers or from solutions. Only subtle changes in radial structure are associated with the temperature transition.
A combination line transect and capture-recapture sampling model for multiple observers in aerial surveys

We present a robust sampling methodology to estimate population size using line transect and capture-recapture procedures for aerial surveys. Aerial surveys usually underestimate population density due to animals being missed. A combination of capture-recapture and line transect sampling methods with multiple observers allows violation of the assumption that all animals on the centreline are sighted from the air. We illustrate our method with an example of inanimate objects which shows evidence of failure of the assumption that all objects on the centreline have probability 1 of being detected. A simulation study is implemented to evaluate the performance of three variations of the Lincoln-Petersen estimator: the overall estimator, the stratified estimator, and the general stratified estimator based on the combined likelihood proposed in this paper. The stratified Lincoln-Petersen estimator based on the combined likelihood is found to be generally superior to the other estimators.
Highlights, predictions, and changes.

Recent literature highlights at Retrovirology are described. Predictions are made regarding “hot” retrovirology research trends for the coming year based on recent journal access statistics. Changes in Retrovirology editor and the frequency of the Retrovirology Prize are announced.
Ceramic Analysis and the Investigation of Matrilocality at the Smith Mohawk Village Site

Ceramic analysis was undertaken to identify spatial patterns of stylistic variables which might shed light on the social organization of the prehistoric Mohawk, who have been described ethnographically as both matrilocal and matrilineal. Attribute analysis of samples of decorated ceramics recovered from two longhouses at the Smith site, in Fulton County, New York, was carried out. The percentage of occurrence of stylistic attributes was calculated, and a coefficient of agreement generated between pairs of ceramic samples. Based on these data, it is concluded that the ceramics demonstrate within-longhouse homogeneity. This would be compatible with a preferred, but not necessarily prescribed, matrilocal rule of post-marital residence.
Development of a guideline for protein chip evaluation as medical devices

Abstract Protein chip technology can be applied to diagnosis of disease, prognosis, drug discovery, tailored drug therapy, screening of drug candidates and so on. A protein chip should be evaluated and approved as a medical device to be used as a diagnostic device before marketing. In this study, we prepared a cancer protein chip and evaluated it. From the results of this evaluation study, we developed the requirements and standards for protein chip evaluation as medical devices to guide how to prepare technical documents and what data should be submitted to verify the safety and effectiveness of a protein chip for industry and KFDA reviewer. The guideline was established with three areas; evaluation of quality control system, analytical, and clinical performance. First, quality control system should be evaluated in the aspect of material, manufacturing process, and final product. In addition, validation of expiration date and storing condition is needed to confirm the quality control system. Second, evaluation of analytical performance includes the validation of analytical sensitivity, reproducibility, specificity, and effectiveness of signal detecting instruments with related software. Third, clinical performance evaluation includes clinical sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off value. This guideline will be helpful for preparing and reviewing of diagnostic protein chip submission as medical devices and facilitating the commercialization of protein chips.
A very sparse set of dimension 1

In July 1982, I was asked by Prof. Jorgen Hoffmann-Jorgensen to construct an uncountable compact set K in the line which was symmetric about 0 and had the property that, for all n , the set of sums of n -tuples from K has measure 0. There are two equivalent conditions: the set of such sums should never contain an interval, or K * ≠ ℝ, where K * is the subgroup of (ℝ, +) generated by K . I did so, and the set I constructed had entropy dimension 0 (and thus also Hausdorff dimension 0). Hoffmann-Jorgensen showed that every set of entropy dimension 0 would exhibit the same behaviour. However, I did not believe that the essence of the example lay in its dimension, and I here modify my construction so that the set K has dimension 1 (and thus also entropy dimension 1), while K * ≠ ℝ, as before. By contrast, the Cantor ternary set has dimension log 3 (2), but the set of differences is the interval [ –1, 1], so that it does generate ℝ. It follows that the property under consideration is arithmetical rather than dimensional.
Studies on a Hatchability Depressing Factor in Cottonseed Oil

Abstract RINGROSE, Morgan and Lease (1941) reported that crude cottonseed oil markedly reduced the hatchability of eggs from hens fed a practical laying ration. When the crude oil was fed at a level of 3.6% of the ration, hatchability was reduced from 80% to less than 30%. Commercially refined cottonseed oil (Wesson Oil), crude soybean oil and crude peanut oil did not affect hatchability. In addition, oxidation or heating of the crude cottonseed oil failed to destroy the hatchability depressing factor. On the other hand, hydrogenation of the crude cottonseed oil completely destroyed the hatchability depressing effect. The saponifiable fraction of the crude cottonseed oil contained the factor but the non-saponifible fraction had no effect on hatchability. The distillable ethyl esters of the fatty acids from the cottonseed oil did not affect hatchability. Finally, it was shown that dietary supplements of 5% dried pork liver or the administration of capsules containing …