cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BEYOND BENGAL: GENDER, EDUCATION, AND THE WRITING OF COLONIAL INDIAN HISTORY

Few topics connected to the study of colonial India have produced quite as much scholarship in recent years as the issue of colonial Indian education reform. The past decade alone has witnessed the publication of no fewer than eight English-language books on the subject, as well as a steady stream of journal articles. Part of the appeal of such research is no doubt a result of India's privileged place in the British Empire during the nineteenth century. In 1881, India's first complete census documented the existence of 253,891,821 Indian subjects living under the British Raj – or, to put it another way, a population nearly ten times the size of England and Wales's own population during the same period. For scholars, education offers a particularly fruitful site for understanding British colonial ideology. In addition, it provides an important glimpse into the lives of Indian subjects. An extensive print archive, manifest in sources as diverse as political speeches, bureaucratic files, periodicals, and memoirs, has greatly aided research into the development of colonial education. At the same time, the tendency for research to privilege particular regional focuses has left troublesome gaps in the historical record.
Adaptive imaging and spatial compounding in the presence of aberration

Spatial compounding reduces speckle and increases image contrast by incoherently averaging images acquired at different viewing angles. Adaptive imaging improves contrast and resolution by compensating for tissue-induced phase errors. Aberrator strength and spatial frequency content markedly impact the desirable operating characteristics and performance of these methods for improving image quality. Adaptive imaging, receive-spatial compounding, and a combination of these two methods are presented in contrast and resolution tasks under various aberration characteristics. All three imaging methods yield increases in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of anechoic cysts; however, the improvements vary depending on the properties of the aberrating layer. Phase correction restores image spatial frequencies, and the addition of compounding opposes the restoration of image spatial frequencies. Lesion signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an image quality metric for predicting lesion detectability, shows that combining spatial compounding with phase correction yields the maximum detectability when the aberrator strength or spatial frequency content is high. Examples of these modes are presented in thyroid tissue.
Multiple paths for activation of naive CD8+ T cells: CD4-independent help.

CD8+ CTLs play a pivotal role in immune responses against many viruses and tumors. Two models have been proposed. The “three-cell” model focuses on the role of CD4+ T cells, proposing that help is only provided to CTLs by CD4+ T cells that recognize Ag on the same APC. The sequential “two-cell” model proposes that CD4+ T cells can first interact with APCs, which in turn activate naive CTLs. Although these models provide a general framework for the role of CD4+ T cells in mediating help for CTLs, a number of issues are unresolved. We have investigated the induction of CTL responses using dendritic cells (DCs) to immunize mice against defined peptide Ags. We find that help is required for activation of naive CTLs when DCs are used as APCs, regardless of the origin or MHC class I restriction of the peptides we studied in this system. However, CD8+ T cells can provide self-help if they are present at a sufficiently high precursor frequency. The important variable is the total number of T cells responding, because class II-knockout DCs pulsed with two noncompeting peptides are effective in priming.
Order relations for lattice sums from order relations for theta functions

Let {τ} and {γ} denote mutually reciprocal unit Bravais lattices in an n-dimensional Euclidean space, and consider the Theta Functions (TF's) Vτ(t) = tn4∑τexp (−πtτ2) for all 0 < t < ∞. By showing how to evaluate a larger class of sums Zτ(K)(t)  πktk + n4∑τr2k exp (−πtτ2), k a nonnegative integer, we are able to evaluate any derivative of the V-functions. With this information we find order relations for the TF's on the cubic lattices in three dimensions. Coupling these relations with Ewald's Theta Function method, we secure order relations for Lennard-Jones, Chaba-Pathria, and other lattice sums on cubic lattices. We also sketch extensions to non-Bravais lattices and give an order relation for TF's on the non-Bravais hexagonal closepacked and the Bravais facecentered cubic.
Gender Equality and Market Location of Sex-Appeal Businesses: A Cross-Country Analysis

Drawing from social dominance theory and the theory of sexualization in advertising, we hypothesized an inverted-U- shaped association between gender equality and the market location of sex-appeal ...
Determination of the arm orientation for brain-machine interface prosthetics

Controlling prosthetics with brain-machine interface would soon become the most natural way to restore limb function to those who suffer from neurodegenerative disease or injury. Here, we first discuss the development of neural signal processing systems for brain-machine interfaces which provide control within the Cartesian (extrinsic) frames of motion. Then we justify the development of systems that provide control using the kinematic (intrinsic) frames of motion of the manipulator prosthetic device. An experiment to create a general model of natural arm motion is presented, along with its prosthetic application to brain-machine interfaces.
Sequence investigation of the Clostridium pasteurianum nitrogenase: the partial amino acid sequence of azoferredoxin.

Our laboratory has been investigating the primary structures of various iron-sulfur proteins (l) with various long term goals in mind. These are: l) to provide essential data for structure-function investigations; 2) to provide evolutionary yardsticks for measuring the age of the iron-sulfur containing organisms; and provide necessary structural data for the X-ray crystallographers interested in determining the complete structures of the Fe-S proteins. Thus far, the Fe-S proteins sequenced have had relatively low molecular weights and perhaps it is time to extend the studies to proteins of greater complexity and with higher molecular weights. The protein chosen in the present investigation was the Clostridium pasteurianum nitrogenase and more specifically the azoferredoxin component.
An area and power efficient I-UWB transmitter for biomedical applications implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology

This paper describes an impulse-based ultra wideband (I-UWB) transmitter suitable for bio-implantable applications requiring high data rate transmission. A fully digital transmitter is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology, with measures taken to address reliability and process variation considerations. A low-complexity ring oscillator-based pulse generator architecture is adopted for increased power efficiency and minimal silicon area. The transmitter occupies 68 × 68 µm2 of silicon area, consumes 0.72 µW static power and achieves an energy efficiency of 19 pJ/pulse at 200 MHz pulse repetition frequency.
Love You? Hate You? Maybe It’s Both Evidence That Significant Others Trigger Bivalent-Priming

Psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice, and intuition all suggest that human beings can be profoundly ambivalent about significant others. However, experimental psychology has commonly assessed a...
A damage integral approach to thermal fatigue of solder joints

Thermal cycling of electronic assemblies produces repeated mechanical loading of connecting solder joints through differential thermal expansion among assembly members. Such cyclic loading can lead to the fatigue failure of these solder joints. The instantaneous fatigue damage rate during this is determined by the solder stress, temperature, and environment. The applicability of a damage integral approach that provides a numerical accounting of accumulated fatigue damage is examined. The stress is calculated using state-variable constitutive relations for inelastic deformation. The fatigue damage rate is described by a phenomenological crack-growth law expressed in terms of a nominal stress-intensity factor, determined from isothermal fatigue data. Damage integral calculations are performed for solder joints fatigued to failure with either isothermal or thermomechanical cycles. The results indicate that the phenomenology of fatigue damage may be equivalent for these two loading modes. >
Special Section on Advances in Ballistic Impact and Crashworthiness Response of Aerospace Structures

analytical methods needed to be used to determine the correct material properties for the sand. In addition, studies were conducted to determine the best methods of simulating the boundary conditions present in the test. In “Ballistic Impact Testing of Aluminum 2024 and Titanium 6Al-4V for Material Model Development,” Pereira et al. present asetofballistictestsonaluminumandtitanium flatpanelspecimens. The goal of the experimental program was to develop a set of highquality impact data suitable for use in impact simulations conducted using these materials. The ballistic limit and residual projectile velocity after impact were determined for each of the specimens. Cylindrical projectiles were used for the smaller specimens, whereas projectiles meant to simulate the features of an actual engine fan blade were used for the larger specimens. The effects of parameters suchasfrictionandprojectilehardnessontheimpactresponseofthe panels were also determined. In “Macromechanical Approach to Modeling Barely Visible Damage in Braided Composites,” Blinzler and Binienda describe a computationally efficient methodology developed to analyze the architecturally dependent impact damage in braided polymer composites. The braided composite is simulated as a series of parallel laminated composites. In the presented paper, the application of the method to model barely visible damage under impact conditions is presented. Specifically, the application of cohesive elements between layers of the braid to simulate the damage before penetration in the braided composites is presented. In “Analytical Model and Numerical Analysis of the Elastic Behavior of Triaxial Braided Composites,” Zhang et al. describe the development of a detailed mesomechanical finite-element model of a triaxially braided polymer matrix composite. The procedures used to determine the detailed geometry of the finite-element model based on detailed examination and measurements of micrographs of the actual composites are presented. Methods to determine theeffectiveelasticpropertiesoftheimpregnated fibertows,including the effects of fiber undulation, are described. The effective elastic properties of the braided composite are presented. The effects of factors such as edge effects and fiber tow undulation on the overall elastic response of the braided composites are discussed. In “Enhancements to Modeling Dry Fabrics for Impact Analysis,” Deivanayagam et al. present methods to model aircraft engine fan containment systems composed of dry Kevlar fabric. A constitutive model is described, and the coupon level tests required to characterize the constitutive model are discussed. Furthermore, the simulation of large-scale ballistic impact tests of structures composedoftheKevlarfabricarepresented,andcomparisonsbetweenthe experimental results and the analytical simulations are presented.
Frequency of back-tracking in the tracking dog

Mackenzie, S.A. and Schultz, J.A., 1987. Frequency of back-tracking in the tracking dog. Appl. Anita. Behav. Sci., 17: 353-359. Trained tracking dogs were tested on straight tracks 200 paces long to determine if they would always go in the direction a track-layer had walked when brought in at 90 ° angle at the mid-point of a track. None of the dogs tested had any previous experience with this task. A total of 66 tracks were run. In 60.6% of these, the dogs tracked in the direction the track-layer had walked. These results are not significant enough to say that the dogs tested were going in the direction of the track-layer any more frequently than one would expect from random chance (P> 0.05). Thirtytwo percent of the dogs exhibited a position preference with regard to the direction they first turned at the decision point. However, the preferred direction was not the same for all these dogs. As a group, the dogs showed no overall position preference (P> 0.05).
Combining dual-supply, dual-threshold and transistor sizing for power reduction

Multiple supply voltages, multiple transistor thresholds and transistor sizing could be used to reduce the power dissipation of digital blocks. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of each of these approaches independently and in conjunction with each other. Results show the advantages of multiple supply, transistor sizing, and multiple threshold can be compounded to maximize power reduction. The order of application of these techniques determines the final savings in active and leakage power.
2,5‐Cyclohexadien‐1‐one, 4‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐

[23438-23-5] C7H8O2 (MW 124.14) InChI = 1S/C7H8O2/c1-7(9)4-2-6(8)3-5-7/h2-5,9H,1H3 InChIKey = MUBYTRYBVWQAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as an electrophile and a dienophile in wide array of reactions) Physical Data: bp 257 °C; d 1.182 g cm−3. Solubility: soluble in ether, alcohol, toluene, and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: this reagent is not commercially available. Purification: purified using silica gel flash column chromatography, elution with 2:1 ethyl acetate:hexanes.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: avoid presence of strong nucleophiles. Exercise typical care when handling.
Characterization of an Improved Electropolarization Chromatographic System Using Homogenous Proteins

Abstract A critical examination of Electropolarization Chromatography, EPC, shows the first-order model currently used to be inadequate. Marked deviations from expectation are observed, especially at low buffer concentrations, and these may result in either higher or lower retardation than expected. Specific interactions between the protein and buffer, separate from effects of pH and ionic strength, are evident, as well as specific interaction between the protein and fiber wall. More refined data acquisition and analysis yields measurements of dispersion which tend to be larger than predicted. A multicomponent transport model is developed which qualitatively predicts much of these observed effects. This modeling effort gives added insight for design and optimization of EPC columns.
Evaluation of a Portable DVD Player and System of Least Prompts to Self-Prompt Cooking Task Completion by Young Adults With Moderate Intellectual Disabilities

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a portable DVD player plus the system of least prompts (SLP) for DVD player use as a self-prompting device to teach cooking tasks to three young adults with moderate intellectual disabilities. A multiple probe design across three cooking tasks and replicated across three students was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the portable DVD player to prompt completion of multistep tasks. Results indicate that the self-prompting, portable DVD player with the SLP was effective in teaching multistep cooking tasks that were maintained over time.
Protecting the Infant Brain During Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Prevention of brain injury during congenital heart surgery has focused on intraoperative and perioperative neuroprotection and neuromonitoring. Many strategies have been adopted as “standard of care.” However, the strength of evidence for these practices and the relationship to long-term outcomes are unknown. We performed a systematic review (January 1, 1990 to July 30, 2010) of neuromonitoring and neuroprotection strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants of age 1 year or less. Papers were graded individually and as thematic groups, assigning evidence-based medicine and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) level of evidence grades. Consensus scores were determined by adjudication. Literature search identified 527 manuscripts; 162 met inclusion criteria. Study designs were prospective observational cohort (53.7%), case-control (21.6%), randomized clinical trial (13%), and retrospective observational cohort (9.9%). Median sample size was 43 (range 3 to 2,481). Primary outcome was evidence of structural brain injury or functional disability (neuroimaging, electroencephalogram, formal neurologic examination, or neurodevelopmental testing) in 43%. Follow-up information was reported in only 29%. The most frequent level of evidence was evidence-based medicine level 4 (33.3%) or ACC/AHA class IIB: level B (42%). The only intervention with sufficient evidence to recommend “the procedure or treatment should be performed” was avoidance of extreme hemodilution during CPB. Data supporting use of current neuromonitoring and neuroprotective techniques are limited. The level of evidence is insufficient to support effectiveness of most of these strategies. Well-designed studies with correlation to clinical outcomes and long-term follow-up are needed to develop guidelines for neuromonitoring and neuroprotection during CPB in infants.
ENRICH Marital Inventory: A Discriminant Validity and Cross-Validation Assessment.

To assess the validity and clinical utility of the marital inventory ENRICH, discriminant validity study was conducted using a national sample of 5039 married couples. The sample was randomly split in order to form a cross-validation group. ENRICH is a multidimensional scale and two types of analysis were conducted to assess to value of these various scales. Results from discriminant analysis indicated that using either the individual scores or couples’ scores, happily married couples could be discriminated from unhappily married couples with 85-95% accuracy. These results were crossvalidated with a second sample. Using regression analysis, it was clearly demonstrated that background factors account for little of the variance in discriminating happy from unhappily married couples compared to their relationship dynamics, i.e., scale scores. All ENRICH scales except equalitarian roles proved significant, indicating the validity of a multidimensional inventory. This paper focuses on the validity and multidimensionality of the ENRICH marital inventory (Olson, Fournier, & Druckman, 1983) which was designed for marital therapists and researchers. Clinicians require a diagnostic tool that is reliable, valid, clinically useful, and that can provide a multidimensional perspective on couples coming for therapy. Researchers require a scientifically sound scale that will discriminate between various types of couples. Marital satisfaction and related concepts are studied more often than any other concepts in the field (Spanier & Lewis, 1980). This research interest has received empirical justification in recent studies (Campbell, Converse & Rodgers, 1976; Glenn & Weaver, 1981; Olson, McCubbin, Barnes, Larsen, Muxen & Wilson, 1983; Weingarten, 1985) which have demonstrated that marital satisfaction is the most prominent contributor to global satisfaction for married people in the United States. The majority of previous studies validating marital inventories have been limited in four important ways. First, sample sizes were usually too small to adequately assess the scales and at the same time cross-validate their findings. Second, these studies have often failed to control for background factors which could confound the findings. Third,
An Advanced Technique for the Prediction of Decelerator System Dynamics

An advanced two-body six-degree-of-freedom computer model employing an indeterminate structures approach has been developed for the parachute deployment process. The program determines both vehicular and decelerator responses to aerodynamic and physical property inputs. A better insight into the dynamic processes that occur during parachute deployment has been developed. The model is of value in sensitivity studies to isolate important parameters that affect the vehicular response.
Latent semantic modeling for slot filling in conversational understanding

In this paper, we propose a new framework for semantic template filling in a conversational understanding (CU) system. Our method decomposes the task into two steps: latent n-gram clustering using a semi-supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and sequence tagging for learning semantic structures in a CU system. Latent semantic modeling has been investigated to improve many natural language processing tasks such as syntactic parsing or topic tracking. However, due to several complexity problems caused by issues involving utterance length or dialog corpus size, it has not been analyzed directly for semantic parsing tasks. In this paper, we propose extending the LDA by introducing prior knowledge we obtain from semantic knowledge bases. Then, the topic posteriors obtained from the new LDA model are used as additional constraints to a sequence learning model for the semantic template filling task. The experimental results show significant performance gains on semantic slot filling models when features from latent semantic models are used in a conditional random field (CRF).
A test generation strategy for pairwise testing

Pairwise testing is a specification-based testing criterion which requires that for each pair of input parameters of a system, every combination of valid values of these two parameters be covered by at least one test case. The authors propose a novel test generation strategy for pairwise testing.
Extensive Evolutionary Changes in Regulatory Element Activity during Human Origins Are Associated with Altered Gene Expression and Positive Selection

Understanding the molecular basis for phenotypic differences between humans and other primates remains an outstanding challenge. Mutations in non-coding regulatory DNA that alter gene expression have been hypothesized as a key driver of these phenotypic differences. This has been supported by differential gene expression analyses in general, but not by the identification of specific regulatory elements responsible for changes in transcription and phenotype. To identify the genetic source of regulatory differences, we mapped DNaseI hypersensitive (DHS) sites, which mark all types of active gene regulatory elements, genome-wide in the same cell type isolated from human, chimpanzee, and macaque. Most DHS sites were conserved among all three species, as expected based on their central role in regulating transcription. However, we found evidence that several hundred DHS sites were gained or lost on the lineages leading to modern human and chimpanzee. Species-specific DHS site gains are enriched near differentially expressed genes, are positively correlated with increased transcription, show evidence of branch-specific positive selection, and overlap with active chromatin marks. Species-specific sequence differences in transcription factor motifs found within these DHS sites are linked with species-specific changes in chromatin accessibility. Together, these indicate that the regulatory elements identified here are genetic contributors to transcriptional and phenotypic differences among primate species.
Development of Capture Assays for Different Modifications of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein

Antibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), copper-oxidized LDL (oxLDL), N(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML)-modified LDL, and advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-modified LDL were obtained by immunization of rabbits with in vitro-modified human LDL preparations. After absorption of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) antibodies, we obtained antibodies specific for each modified lipoprotein with unique patterns of reactivity. MDA-LDL antibodies reacted strongly with MDA-LDL and also with oxLDL. CML-LDL antibodies reacted strongly with CML-LDL and also AGE-LDL. oxLDL antibodies reacted with oxLDL but not with MDA-LDL, and AGE-LDL antibodies reacted with AGE-LDL but not with CML-LDL. Capture assays were set with each antiserum, and we tested their ability to capture ApoB-containing lipoproteins isolated from precipitated immune complexes (IC) and from the supernatants remaining after IC precipitation (free lipoproteins). All antibodies captured lipoproteins contained in IC more effectively than free lipoproteins. Analysis of lipoproteins in IC by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that they contained MDA-LDL and CML-LDL in significantly higher concentrations than free lipoproteins. A significant correlation (r 0.706, P < 0.019) was obtained between the MDA concentrations determined by chemical analysis and by the capture assay of lipoproteins present in IC. In conclusion, we have developed capture assays for different LDL modifications in human ApoB/E lipoprotein-rich fractions isolated from precipitated IC. This approach obviates the interference of IC in previously reported modified LDL assays and allows determination of the degree of modification of LDL with greater accuracy.
EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED SELF-OBJECT COGNITIVE ATTITUDES ON BODY AND OBJECT PERCEPTION

-In two experiments (Exp. I with 32 Ss and Exp. 11 with 16 Ss) , i t was demonstrated that experimentally-induced cognitive attimdes of fusion or "depolarization" and of separation or "polarization" of self and object significantly affect apparent location of fingertip (body perception) and apparent location of target (object perception), when S is instrumentally related to an object (target) by pointing. The physical distance between apparent fingertip and apparent target location is significantly smaller under a "depolarized" compared with the "polarized" cognitive attitude. Both apparent fingertip and apparent rarget location shift relatively toward each other under "depolarized" compared with "polarized" attimdinal conditions. The findings are interpreted in terms of organismic-developmental theory.
Understanding Workaholism: A Review of Causes and Counseling Approaches.

Is workaholism an addiction or a rewarding work style and life-style that may be harmful to one's family and co-workers? This central question directed the review of definitions and causes of workaholism. Thereafter, the authors discuss the role of “Type A” and obsessive-compulsive traits on the behavior of some workaholics, review the effects of workaholism on workaholics themselves and on others, and suggest counseling approaches that might be helpful to workaholics.
'Smoke in the air': a rare cerebrovascular cause of neurological signs and symptoms in a young adult.

Moyamoya disease is a rare neurological condition that affects children and adults of all ages. It is characterized by chronic, progressive stenosis of the circle of Willis that ultimately leads to the development of extensive collateral vessels. Presenting symptoms are usually due to cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. The Japanese term moyamoya (meaning puffy or obscure) was coined to describe the characteristic ‘smoke in the air’ appearance of these vessels on cerebral angiography. Moyamoya has the highest recorded incidence in Japan (0.28 per 100,000). In the west it is an extremely rare condition with an overall incidence of (0.086 per 100,000) in the Western United States. Etiology for the most part is unknown; however, genetic susceptibility related to RNF213 gene on chromosome 17q25.3 has been suggested. Moyamoya is being diagnosed more frequently in all races with varying clinical manifestations. Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive neurologic condition characterized by occlusion of the cerebral circulation with extensive collaterals recruitment in children and adults. Distinguished radiological findings confirm the diagnosis. Early recognition and swift institution of therapy is vital in order to minimize neurological deficits. We present the case of a 19-year-old African American female who presented with left-sided parastheia, weakness, and headache for 2 days duration. Keywords: Moyamoya; neurology; Japanese; circle of Willis; collaterals; smoke (Published: 15 June 2015) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2015, 5 : 27664 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v5.27664
Sulfonyl-containing nucleoside phosphotriesters and phosphoramidates as novel anticancer prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP).

A series of sulfonyl-containing 5-fluoro-2‘-deoxyuridine (FdU) phosphotriester and phosphoramidate analogues were designed and synthesized as anticancer prodrugs of FdUMP. Stability studies have demonstrated that these compounds underwent pH dependent β-elimination to liberate the corresponding nucleotide species with half-lives in the range of 0.33−12.23 h under model physiological conditions in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Acceleration of the elimination was observed in the presence of human plasma. Compounds with an FdUMP moiety (4−9) were considerably more potent than those without (1−3) as well as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V-79 cells) in vitro. Addition of thymidine (10 μM) reversed the growth inhibition activities of only 5-FU and the compounds with an FdUMP moiety, but had no effect on those without. These results are consistent with thymidylate synthase as the target of the prodrugs. Keywords: 5-FU; nucleotide prodrug; sulfonyl; β-elimination
The Evolution of Digital Ecosystems: A Case of WordPress from 2004 to 2014

Digital ecosystems are dynamic: they grow and evolve as new firms join the ecosystem. Yet, the way they evolve over time is not clearly understood. We draw on an evolutionary network approach to explore the evolutionary pattern of a digital ecosystem. In particular, we discover that the changing combination of existing digital components, interaction of which forms a complex bipartite network, drive the changes in the topological structure of a digital ecosystem over time. To formally test our ideas, we hypothesize the impact of network properties on the evolution of a digital ecosystem, and test them using a data set collected from WordPress.org. We used text mining on the source code data of WordPress plug-ins created from 2004 to 2014 and extracted the list of all API (Application Programming interface) used in these plug-ins. We then explore how the changes in the pattern of combinations of APIs drive the generativity of the platform as new plug-ins continue to emerge in the ecosystem over time. Our findings suggest that the evolution of a digital ecosystem represents a distinct structural interaction derived from the generative nature of APIs. A structural analysis shows that the rate of innovation does not necessarily increase though the number of APIs in a digital ecosystem increases.
Using environment objects as tools in unknown environments

Robots should be able to reason about using objects in the environment to assist task completion. If faced with an unexpected situation, such as a critically damaged floor, robots should be able to evaluate different ways to resolve the situation rather than directly declaring failure. In this paper, we present the first online framework that enables robots to reason about using environment objects as tools to overcome obstructions, allowing robots to solve previously unsolvable tasks. The framework utilizes constraint relaxed planning to detect unavoidable obstructions. In case the robot becomes disconnected from the goal by an obstruction, the system guides the robot to search for and utilize an object in the environment to overcome the obstruction using the concept of inverse affordances. We verified the framework in a realistic simulation environment for the PR2 robot.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Biological Detection and Delivery

Responsive polymers with properties designed to interact with their surrounding environment are enabling “smart” design features for custom biomaterials. Numerous applications are being innovated, ranging from diagnostics and imaging to tissue engineering and drug delivery. Herein, I feature a collection of research articles published in ACS Macro Letters that highlight an array of innovative chemical attributes such as pH-triggered hydrolytic degradation, reduction-based release, photomodulation, glucose responsiveness, thermal sensitivity, and membrane permeating peptides. The chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of polymeric structures can be custom tailored to enhance numerous features such as biological delivery, pharmaceutical potency and safety, disease diagnosis, and antigen/biomaker detection.
Trends in Minimizing and Treating Industrial Wastes for Sustainable Environment

Abstract While treating the industrially produced wastes through various processes such as physical, chemical, biological and radiation processes have been implemented on various scales and is the focus of various studies and development, the trend of minimizing and/or eliminating the pollutions at the source via developing and selecting proper catalytic multiphase reactors is worth to be given proper attention and consideration which is the focus of this manuscript beside outlining the processes used for treating the wastes. In order to achieve such goal in minimizing the wastes, these multiphase reactors must be well understood, studied, scaled up and designed. This can be only achieved by developing and implementing advanced measurement and computing techniques which have been developed in our research laboratory and are briefly outlined here with selected results.
Inactivation of Estrone by Liver. Assay Method In vivo for Dietary Hepatic Injury in Rats.

SummaryImpairment in ability to inactivate estrone accompanies dietary hepatic injury and can be rectified by the addition of lipotropic factors such as methionine or protein digests.Fivefold increase of the basal vitamin B supplements was ineffective.
Consideration on Microbe Detection Capacity Test in 2006 in Anhui Province

Objective Microbe detection capacity teat was carried out in Anhui in 2006 in order to understand the work present situation of microbe detection capacity,vocational level,possibly existing problem so as to develop effective measures of improving microbe detection capacity.Methods Unknown samples used in test included enteric pathogenic bacteria and nonpathogenic bacteria.The flora and bacterial type of unknown bacteria were defined through morphology,cultural character,biochemistry,serology et al.microbiological identification and the report was given out.Results Through overall microbiological identification,C# was salmonella of B O4: Hb:-,D# was entcvobacter cloacae,and E# was providencia alcalifacien.Conclusions We must fast and correctly judge the possible cause of disease so as to manage out standing public heath event timely at prevention and control work.Ordinary culture medium,microbiochemical medium,serological diagnose reagent used to diagnose and test for disease,which would be managed and consolidated with force and standardization in order to improve detection level.
Operational use of continuous surface fluorescence measurements offshore Rimini to validate satellite-derived chlorophyll observations

Continuous chlorophyll (Chl) measurements derived from lab-validated in situ fluorometry in the coastal Adriatic Sea are used as a matchup database to validate MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrora...
A new earliest Paleocene (Puercan) mammalian fauna from Colorado's Denver Basin, U.S.A.

Few areas preserve the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary and earliest Paleocene (Puercan) mammalian faunas better than Colorado9s Denver Basin. Research conducted decades ago described a diverse Puercan fauna from the Denver Basin, but many would agree that the best-known fauna in the basin—the Littleton fauna—probably represents a late early-Puercan (i.e., late Pu1) assemblage. Renewed collecting of fossil mammals from Denver Museum of Nature & Science (DMNH) loc. 2560 in the Denver Formation on the eastern side of the Denver Basin—approximately nine meters stratigraphically above the K–Pg boundary—has produced a Puercan faunal assemblage containing isolated teeth of at least nine species of fossil mammal. Based upon its faunal composition, low diversity, absence of taxa characteristic of middle and late Puercan faunal assemblages, and close stratigraphic proximity to the K–Pg boundary, the fauna from DMNH loc. 2560 probably represents a Puercan fauna that is earlier than the Littleton fauna. It is most similar to early Puercan (Pu1) faunas in Wyoming and northeast Montana. We document the occurrence of three species of the multituberculate Mesodma ( M. ambigua, M. formosa , and M. hensleighi ), the cimolodont Cimexomys minor , the marsupial Thylacodon montanensis , and four species of archaic ungulate (or ‘condylarth’), including Protungulatum donnae , Oxyprimus sp., Baioconodon nordicus , and Maiorana sp. The presence of P. donnae defines the onset of the Puercan age, while Oxyprimus, Maiorana , and B. nordicus are restricted elsewhere to Pu1. C. minor is known from Lancian and early Puercan (Pu1) localities. The faunal assemblage from DMNH loc. 2560 indicates that the characteristic, low-diversity Pu1 fauna found in Montana and Wyoming extended as far south as Colorado. Additionally, we report the occurrence of the ‘condylarth’ Ampliconus browni from the South Table Mountain locality (DHMH loc. 2814) near Golden, Colorado. Its presence corroborates research by others that this locality is probably temporally correlative to the late early-Puercan (late Pu1) Alexander locality south of Denver, Colorado (UCM loc. 77267 [UCM = University of Colorado Museum of Natural History]). Our research provides a more complete picture of early Puercan mammalian diversity in the Denver Basin and a means to temporally correlate early Puercan faunas from Montana to Colorado.
Occurrence of the Leech, Pontobdella muricata Linnaeus, on Elasmobranch Species in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea.

Abstract This study provides a parasitological analysis of the elasmobranch species caught in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. Sixty-two marine leeches were recorded on 747 individuals of Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (thornback ray), Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus, 1758 (common eagle ray), and Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (marbled torpedo ray) caught in 56 hauls over a 5 yr period. All leeches were identified as Pontobdella muricata, which is a typical ectoparasite of benthic elasmobranchs. The prevalence of infection ranged from 7.11% on R. clavata to 12.00% on M. aquila. The intensity of infection, the preferential sites of attachment to the host, and the periodicity of infection were evaluated.
A 1GHz signal bandwidth 4-channel-I/Q polyphase-FFT filter bank

This paper presents a prototype analog 4-channel-I/Q polyphase-FFT filter bank (PFFB) using passive switched capacitor circuits to channelize wideband signals. Like FFTs, the proposed PFFB shares computations for low power. The PFFB allows for a longer “effective window length” than is possible in a standard FFT. This characteristic of the PFFB maintains a narrow main-lobe bandwidth combined with low side-lobe amplitudes. The passive switched capacitor structure enables high linearity and low power implementation. The measured performance of the prototype fabricated in TSMC 65nm CMOS shows >40dB side-lobe suppression, +25dBm IIP3, and 208µV rms integrated output noise for all channels at 1GS/s operation. The total power consumption for the PFFB (8-channels total) is 34.6mW (34.6pJ/conv).
Identification of a potent small molecule capable of regulating polyploidization, megakaryocyte maturation, and platelet production

Megakaryocytic cell maturation involves polyploidization, and megakaryocyte (MK) ploidy correlates with their maturation and platelet production. Retardation of MK maturation is closely associated with poor MK engraftment after cord blood transplantation and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Despite the high prevalence of thrombocytopenia in a range of setting that affect infants to adults, there are still very limited modalities of treatment. Human CD34+ cells were isolated from cord blood or bone marrow samples acquired from consenting patients. Cells were cultured and induced using 616452 and compared to current drugs on the market such as rominplostim or TPO. Ploidy analysis was completed using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis. Animal studies consisted of transplanting human CD34+ cells into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice followed by daily injections of 15 mg/kg of 616452. Within one week of culture, the chemical was able to induce polyploidization, the process required for megakaryocyte maturation with the accumulation of DNA content, to 64 N or greater to achieve a relative adult size. We observed fold increases as high as 200-fold in cells of 16 N or greater compared to un-induced cells with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MK differentiated in the presence of 616452 demonstrated a more robust capacity of MK differentiation than that of MKs cultured with rominplostim used for adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. In mice transplanted with human cord blood, 616452 strikingly enhanced MK reconstitution in the marrow and human peripheral platelet production. The molecular therapeutic actions for this chemical may be through TPO-independent pathways. Our studies may have an important impact on our fundamental understanding of fetal MK biology, the clinical management of thrombocytopenic neonates and leukemic differentiation therapy.
Art Without History? Evaluating ‘Arab’ Art: An Introduction

The Association for Modern and Contemporary Art of the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey (AMCA) is a private, non-profit, non-political, international academic organization. Our goals include initiating the much-deserved recognition of a neglected and misrepresented field, and to open up institutional spaces for discussion, research and study. We seek to connect artists, scholars and others from around the world by sponsoring conferences, holding meetings, and exchanging information via a newsletter and website.
Organizational Benchmarks for Test Utilization Performance: An Example Based on Positivity Rates for Genetic Tests

Objectives Health care organizations are under increasing pressure to deliver value by improving test utilization management. Many factors, including organizational factors, could affect utilization performance. Past research has focused on the impact of specific interventions in single organizations. The impact of organizational factors is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether testing patterns are subject to organizational effects, ie, are utilization patterns for individual tests correlated within organizations. Methods Comparative analysis of ordering patterns (positivity rates for three genetic tests) across 659 organizations. Hierarchical regression was used to assess the impact of organizational factors after controlling for test-level factors (mutation prevalence) and hospital bed size. Results Test positivity rates were correlated within organizations. Conclusions Organizations have a statistically significant impact on the positivity rate of three genetic tests.
What can tiny mushrooms in fruit flies tell us about learning and memory

Nervous systems have evolved to translate external stimuli into appropriate behavioral responses. In an ever-changing environment, flexible adjustment of behavioral choice by experience-dependent learning is essential for the animal's survival. Associative learning is a simple form of learning that is widely observed from worms to humans. To understand the whole process of learning, we need to know how sensory information is represented and transformed in the brain, how it is changed by experience, and how the changes are reflected on motor output. To tackle these questions, studying numerically simple invertebrate nervous systems has a great advantage. In this review, I will feature the Pavlovian olfactory learning in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The mushroom body is a key brain area for the olfactory learning in this organism. Recently, comprehensive anatomical information and the genetic tool sets were made available for the mushroom body circuit. This greatly accelerated the physiological understanding of the learning process. One of the key findings was dopamine-induced long-term synaptic plasticity that can alter the representations of stimulus valence. I will mostly focus on the new studies within these few years and discuss what we can possibly learn about the vertebrate systems from this model organism.
Crop canopy sensor orientation for late season nitrogen determination in corn

ABSTRACTIncreasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in irrigated corn production is of great importance to overall agricultural sustainability. Studies have shown that crop canopy sensors can aid in this pursuit as they allow for the determination of nitrogen (N) requirements in split applications later in the growing season. Fertigation can also increase NUE as many split applications can be conducted. If crop canopy sensors could be used to direct N fertigation rates, overall NUE may be increased even further. However, in some cases, N differences may need to be determined later in the growing season after corn has tasseled, which can cause issues with crop canopy sensor readings. Therefore, a study was initiated to evaluate the potential of a crop canopy sensor to differentiate between N levels at two corn (Zea mays) growth stages (R1 and R3) after the corn had tasseled. The sensor was placed in three orientations to evaluate which orientation best determined the corn N status across two sensor-calculated...
Data Editing and Topology

During the data creation, either using a tablet or on-screen, digitizing can generate errors. The error can be due to human error, such as missing a point, line, polygon, or digitizing extra features. Errors can also be generated during scanning, tracing or during the geo-referencing. An ArcGIS user can edit various types of data such as: feature data stored in shapefiles, geodatabases, and different tabular formats. The editing can include points, lines, polygons, and text.
Some Phoretic Associations of Macroinvertebrates on Transplanted Federally Endangered Freshwater Mussels

Abstract Benthic macroinvertebrates were washed from nearly 1000 federally endangered freshwater mussels that had been collected from Pennsylvania during a reintroduction project to 2 eastern Illinois streams. Most benthic macroinvertebrates collected were larvae of the Neophylax fuscus, but other caddisflies and segmented worms were also observed. No unoccupied caddisfly cases were observed on live mussels, leaving open the question as to the seasonal fate of these microhabitats after caddisflies pupate and emerge in the Autumn of each year. Unionid mussel shells might modify local-scale species diversity by influencing physical and hydrau lic properties of microhabitats.
Critical Library Pedagogy Handbook, Volume 1: Essays and Workbook Activities, and Volume 2: Lesson Plans . Nicole Pagowsky and Kelly McElroy, eds. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the American Li

Many titles only require a single volume to adequately cover the topic. In the case of library pedagogy, it required two. Critical Library Pedagogy Handbook, Volume 1: Essays and Workbook Activities offers 20 chapters in total and differs in format from its partner, Volume 2: Lesson Plans . Chapters 1 through 20 present six- to eight-page articles complete with extensive bibliographies and notes; chapters 21 through 30 are workbook activities, short and theory-based.