cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Omnidirectional path loss models in New York City at 28 GHz and 73 GHz

This paper presents newly generated omnidirectional close-in free space reference distance and floating intercept path loss models obtained from 28 GHz and 73 GHz RF ultrawideband propagation measurements collected in Downtown Manhattan using a 400 Mega-chip-per-second sliding correlator channel sounder. Simplified path loss models with respect to a 1 m close-in free space reference distance are provided here for the omnidirectional propagation models, and are suitable for system-wide simulations similar to 3GPP and WINNER II. Measured path loss exponents at millimeter-wave and current UHF/Microwave cellular frequencies are very similar. The significant difference in large-scale path loss between UHF and millimeter-wave channels is the extra free space attenuation due to the increase in carrier frequency.
Water-carbon dioxide solid phase equilibria at pressures above 4 GPa.

A solid phase in the mixed water-carbon dioxide system, previously identified as carbonic acid, was observed in the high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. The pressure-temperature paths of both its melting and peritectic curves were measured, beginning at 4.4 GPa and 165 °C (where it exists in a quadruple equilibrium, together with an aqueous fluid and the ices H2O(VII) and CO2(I)) and proceeding to higher pressures and temperatures. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a triclinic crystal with unit cell parameters (at 6.5 GPa and 20 °C) of a = 5.88 A, b = 6.59 A, c = 6.99 A, α = 88.7°, β = 79.7°, and γ = 67.7°. Raman spectra exhibit a major line at ~1080 cm−1 and lattice modes below 300 cm−1.
Sphingosine Kinase 1 Deficiency Confers Protection against Hyperoxia-Induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in a Murine Model: Role of S1P Signaling and Nox Proteins

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia of the premature newborn is characterized by lung injury, resulting in alveolar simplification and reduced pulmonary function. Exposure of neonatal mice to hyperoxia enhanced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels in lung tissues; however, the role of increased S1P in the pathobiological characteristics of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has not been investigated. We hypothesized that an altered S1P signaling axis, in part, is responsible for neonatal lung injury leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. To validate this hypothesis, newborn wild-type, sphingosine kinase1(-/-) (Sphk1(-/-)), sphingosine kinase 2(-/-) (Sphk2(-/-)), and S1P lyase(+/-) (Sgpl1(+/-)) mice were exposed to hyperoxia (75%) from postnatal day 1 to 7. Sphk1(-/-), but not Sphk2(-/-) or Sgpl1(+/-), mice offered protection against hyperoxia-induced lung injury, with improved alveolarization and alveolar integrity compared with wild type. Furthermore, SphK1 deficiency attenuated hyperoxia-induced accumulation of IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 and NOX4 protein expression in lung tissue. In vitro experiments using human lung microvascular endothelial cells showed that exogenous S1P stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas SphK1 siRNA, or inhibitor against SphK1, attenuated hyperoxia-induced S1P generation. Knockdown of NOX2 and NOX4, using specific siRNA, reduced both basal and S1P-induced ROS formation. These results suggest an important role for SphK1-mediated S1P signaling-regulated ROS in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a murine neonatal model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Haemorrhoidectomy with painless convalescence

Bacon's operation for the radical removal of haemorrhoids is descriptionbed. A series of twenty-eight cases performed in 1944 was followed by almost painless convalescence.
Modified single prolonged stress reduces cocaine self-administration during acquisition regardless of rearing environment

Until recently, there were few rodent models available to study the interaction of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug taking. Like PTSD, single prolonged stress (SPS) produces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and alters psychostimulant self-administration. Other stressors, such as isolation stress, also alter psychostimulant self-administration. However, it is currently unknown if isolation housing combined with SPS can alter the acquisition or maintenance of cocaine self-administration. The current study applied modified SPS (modSPS; two hours restraint immediately followed by cold swim stress) to rats raised in an isolation condition (Iso), enrichment condition (Enr), or standard condition (Std) to measure changes in cocaine self-administration and HPA markers. Regardless of rearing condition, rats exposed to modSPS had greater corticosterone (CORT) release and reduced cocaine self-administration during initial acquisition compared to non-stressed controls. In addition, during initial acquisition, rats that received both Iso rearing and modSPS showed a more rapid increase in cocaine self-administration across sessions compared to Enr and Std rats exposed to modSPS. Following initial acquisition, a dose response analysis showed that Iso rats were overall most sensitive to changes in cocaine unit dose; however, modSPS had no effect on the cocaine dose response curve. Further, there was no effect of either modSPS or differential rearing on expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hypothalamus, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, or nucleus accumbens. By using modSPS in combination with Iso housing, this study identified unique contributions of each stressor to acquisition of cocaine self-administration.
Sustainable London? The future of a global city, edited by Rob Imrie and Loretta Lees

Sustainable development has become a buzzword in the vernacular of urban policy, and yet the term’s ambiguity has made it conveniently adoptable by policymakers wishing to further their own develop...
Robust tie-line scheduling for multi-area power systems with finite-step convergence

The problem of robust tie-line scheduling is considered, which premeditates boundary phase angles such that the overall cost in real time is minimum under the worst scenario of uncertainty. The proposed method alternatively solves a deterministic tie-line scheduling under a specific realization of uncertainty and a worst scenario searching problem for the resulting boundary state. In particular, the deterministic tie-line scheduling is efficiently solved via critical region projection with sub-gradient. The proposed method has finite-step convergence and typically converges rapidly with outstanding computation and communication efficiencies.
Why wilderness? Alienation, authenticity, and nature:

Focusing on the role psychoanalytic alienation plays in tourist motivation, this article contributes to recent scholarship that aims to redevelop the dialectic relationship between authenticity and...
Parsing to Learn

Learning a language by parameter setting is almost certainly less onerous than composing a grammar from scratch. But recent computational modeling of how parameters are set has shown that it is not at all the simple mechanical process sometimes imagined. Sentences must be parsed to discover the properties that select between parameter values. But the sentences that drive learning cannot be parsed with the learner's current grammar. And there is not much point in parsing them with just one new grammar. They must apparently be parsed with all possible grammars, in order to find out which one is most successful at licensing the language. The research task is to reconcile this with the fact that the human sentence parsing mechanism, even in adults, has only very limited parallel parsing capacity. I have proposed that all possible grammars can be folded into one, if parameter values are fragments of sentential tree structures that the parser can make use of where necessary to assign a structure to an input sentence. However, the problem of capacity limitations remains. The combined grammar will afford multiple analyses for some sentences, too many to be computed on-line. I propose that the parser computes only one analysis per sentence but can detect ambiguity, and that the learner makes use of unambiguous input only. This provides secure information but relatively little of it, particularly at early stages of learning where few grammars have been excluded and ambiguity is rife. I consider three solutions: improving the parser's ability to extract unambiguous information from partially ambiguous sentences, assuming default parameter values to temporarily eliminate ambiguity, reconfiguring the parameters so that some are subordinate to others and do not present themselves to the learner until the others have been set. A more radical alternative is to give up the quest for error-free learning and permit parameters to be set without regard for whether the parser may have overlooked an alternative analysis of the sentence. If it can be assumed that the human parser keeps a running tally of the parameter values it has accessed, then the learner would do nothing other than parse sentences for comprehension, as adults do. The most useful parameter values would become more and more easily accessed; the noncontributors would drop out of the running. There would be no learning mechanism at all, over and above the parser. But how accurate this system would be remains to be established.
Believing is seeing: Changes in visual perception following treatment for height fear.

Abstract Background and objectives People who are afraid of heights may have a perceptual bias, such that they see heights as higher than they truly are. The current study tested if there is a causal relationship between treatments for height fear and changes in perceptual bias. Methods Specifically, the effects on perceptual bias following three height fear interventions (exposure, cognitive bias modification for interpretations, and a combination of exposure and cognitive bias modification) and a control condition were examined in individuals with an extreme fear of heights (N = 107). Results Results provided preliminary evidence that some height fear interventions reduce perceptual bias. Specifically, participants that completed exposure had a significant decrease in perceptual bias, and participants in the cognitive bias modification and combination conditions had decreases in perceptual bias at the level of non-significant trends, while no reduction occurred for the control condition. Limitations Limitations of this study include that the hypothesis was largely informed by data from a parent study and that the effect sizes were small; thus, replicating these results is warranted. Conclusions These findings suggest that there may be a causal relationship between height fear treatments and altered perception of heights.
On the regulation of D-ribose metabolism in E. coli B-r. I. Isolation and characterization of D-ribokinaseless and D-ribose permeaseless mutants.

In a study of the regulation of d-ribose metabolism a number of d-ribose negative mutants were isolated and characterized. These mutants were found to be of three types, one lacking the d-ribokinase activity, another lacking the d-ribose permease activity and a third lacking both the kinase and permease activities. In all strains, the above enzymes as well as the d-ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and the d-ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase were found to be synthesized constitutively. Lack of coordinate variation in the d-ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and d-ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase activities of d-ribokinaseless and d-ribose permeaseless mutants, and the polarity effects of the d-ribokinase mutations on the levels of the d-ribose permease suggest a possible one operon system controlling the d-ribose permease and d-ribokinase genes, while one or more operons may be involved in the regulation of the d-ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and epimerase genes. Genetic analysis of the permease and kinase structural genes (Abou-Sabe and Richman, see accompanying paper) confirm the proposed d-ribokinase-d-ribose permease operon.
E.S.R. and ENDOR studies of X-irradiated 1-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide single crystals

By means of E.S.R. and ENDOR spectroscopy, a radical identified as C5H6NNHCSNH2 has been studied in X-irradiated single crystals of 1-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide, C6H5NHNHCSNH2. The unpaired electron interacts with one nitrogen and three hydrogen nuclei. The nitrogen interaction, studied with E.S.R., has the principal values A 1=76·2±8 MHz; A 2=10·0±8 MHz; A 3=0·0±8 MHz, and is characteristic of a π-type radical with 50 per cent of the spin density localized in a nitrogen 2p orbital. The three hydrogen interactions, studied with ENDOR, have the principal values These interactions are of the CH α-type and arise from hydrogen atoms on the phenyl ring. The remaining spin density is distributed on the phenyl ring with virtually the same amount in each of the three different carbon 2pπ orbitals.
Beyond the American dream: envisioning social justice for 21st century immigrants

The author reflects on her upbringing in an immigrant family while co-facilitating a newcomer group for middle schoolers in Chicago. Working with these students reminds the author that while advanc...
Empowering Teachers with Low-Intensity Strategies: Supporting Students At-Risk for EBD with Instructional Choice during Reading

Teachers may benefit from using classroom-delivered, low-intensity strategies to increase engagement of students at-risk for emotional and behavioral disorders and academic failure in the general e...
Internal fetal and uterine monitoring in obese patients and maternal obstetrical outcomes

Background The maternal habitus in the setting of obesity makes external monitoring of the fetal heart rate and contractions suboptimal, and internal monitors may be utilized more often in this population. Obesity is a risk factor for obstetrical infectious complications, but it is unknown whether the use of internal monitors in this population is associated with additional risks. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of an intrauterine pressure catheter and a fetal scalp electrode and maternal infectious morbidity among women with obesity. Study Design This secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study included women with singleton gestations admitted for labor at ≥37 weeks’ gestation at a tertiary care institution from 2010 to 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2. The primary outcome was a composite maternal infectious morbidity, which included peripartum maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, and endomyometritis. Secondary outcomes were cesarean delivery and individual components of the maternal infectious composite. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the rates of infectious maternal morbidity, cesarean delivery, or operative vaginal delivery between patients with and without internal monitors, while adjusting for the confounders. An interaction term was included in the logistic regression models to test whether the relationship between the internal monitors and cesarean delivery or infectious morbidity was modified by the presence or absence of obesity. Results Of the 8482 women who met the inclusion criteria for the study, 4727 (55.7%) had obesity and 3755 (44.3%) did not have obesity. The women with obesity were more likely to have internal monitors placed during labor than those without obesity (65.4% vs 50.5%; P Conclusion Although a higher proportion of women with obesity have internal monitors placed during their labor course, they are not more susceptible to maternal infectious morbidity as a result of internal monitor use. Providers should not limit the necessary internal monitor use in women with obesity on the basis of concerns for maternal infectious morbidity.
The Discipline Gap: What's Trust Got to Do with It?:

Background/ContextIf we are serious about eliminating the racial achievement gap, we need to address the discipline gap as well. The scholarly literature generally paints a positive picture of the ...
Targeting Factors and Conflict of Laws on the Internet

Courts have employed the concept of “targeting” to limit the reach of personal jurisdiction and applicable law on the Internet. To determine whether a defendant has targeted a particular country or state—and whether the defendant should be subject to the jurisdiction of and law in that country or state—courts consider various factors, such as the language, the top-level domain, and the currency used by the defendant on the Internet. However, developments in Internet technology and increasing Internet actor and user sophistication put the significance of the factors into question. In the absence of a defendant’s express limitation on the territorial reach of its actions, such as through geoblocking or disclaimers accompanied by defendant conduct that is consistent with any disclaimers, courts should assume that the defendant has targeted all countries connected to the Internet. This approach may result in courts finding personal jurisdiction over a defendant more frequently, thus raising legitimate concerns about possible “overexposure” of Internet actors to personal jurisdiction and applicable law. However, any overexposure that might result from this approach will be mitigated by a number of procedural and practical constraints and, to the extent that overexposure might exist, additional solutions should be created from the already existing solutions that address complexities in individual national legal systems.
The Need for Negativity

Several of my recent Editorials have dealt with terminological/conceptual errors and confusions that have been all too prevalent among psi researchers. In this Editorial, I want to consider a related issue often raised about parapsychological concepts and explanation. Probably we’ve all heard the complaint that parapsychology’s core concepts have only been defined negatively, with respect to our present level of ignorance—for example, taking “telepathy” to be “the causal influence of one mind on another independently of the known senses.” Perhaps some of you have even expressed that complaint yourselves. Of course, the assumption underlying those complaints is that this definitional strategy is a problem. However, it seems like a perfectly reasonable procedure to me, and I can easily accept the possibility that we might eventually learn enough about phenomena so defined that we can later construct better, detailed, and more informative analytical definitions. But at least as far as psi research is concerned, I consider it presumptuous—at our present (and considerable) level of ignorance—to proceed any other way. We hardly have the barest hint, based on all the available data, as to what psi is doing in the world (i.e., both inside and outside the lab). In fact, formal, experimental evidence has been particularly unilluminating. It has barely succeeded, if it’s succeeded at all, in convincing parapsychological fence-sitters that there are any genuine paranormal phenomena to study (I’ve explored some reasons for this in Braude, 1997). And it certainly hasn’t shed light on how pervasive, extensive, and refined psi effects might be, or whether effects of radically different magnitudes would be the result of substantially different processes. At best, typical quantitative research examines only straitjacketed expressions of phenomena that non-laboratory evidence suggests occur more impressively (if not flamboyantly) “in the wild.” So it strikes me as appropriately modest and circumspect to define “PK” (for example) as “the effect of an organism on a region r of the physical world without any known sort of physical interaction between the organism's body and r.” (For additional specific parapsychological definitions, see Braude, 2002).
Remote modulation of neuronal cells in the brain.

The combination of multicomponent magnetic nanoparticles and a mechanosensitive ion channel has been shown to achieve fast magnetomechanical stimulation of neurons within the brain.
Energy and society: challenges ahead

Barring unexpected developments, the next half century appears likely to experience a widespread transformation in the ways in which societies around the globe produce and consume energy. Enormous attention is being paid to a range of dimensions of this potential energy transition, from technological innovation to its implications for greenhouse gas emissions, energy costs, and dependence on technologies with catastrophic potential (as demonstrated by the BP oil spill and the Fukushima nuclear crisis). Yet, the broader implications of this transformation for individuals and communities have received less attention. Will the distribution of benefits and risks of new energy systems be similar or different in the future? Who will gain? Who will lose? How will ideas such as energy rights, energy justice, and energy security impact energy transitions? More subtly, how will social values, behaviors, relationships, and institutions change alongside changes in energy technologies? This panel will explore these topics in a conversation with a number of experts in energy science and policy.
On Momentum and Learning Rate of the Generalized ADLINE Neural Network for Time Varying System Identification

On-line System identification of linear time-varying (LTV) systems whose system parameters change in time has been studied lately. One neural network based such on-line identification method was studied by the author with a generalized ADAptive LINear Element (ADALINE). Since the ADALINE is slow in convergence, which is not suitable for identification of LTV system, two techniques were proposed to speed up convergence of learning. One idea was to introduce a momentum term to the weight adjustment during convergence period. The other technique was to train the generalized ADALINE network with data from a sliding window of the system's input output data. The second technique took multiple epochs to train which was considered as a shortcoming. In this paper, simulation study towards optimizing the momentum term and learning rate parameter will be presented. Simulation results show that once the momentum factor and learning rate are tuned properly, time varying parameters of LTV systems can be identified quite effectively; which, in turn, sows that the fined tuned GADLINE is quite suitable for online system identification and real time adaptive control applications due to its low computational demand.
Abstract W P246: Prostaglandin E2 EP2 Receptor Signaling Aggravates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury

Inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a key component to secondary brain injury, a major cause of morbidity and disability after ICH. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in modulating inflammatory responses and in many neurologic disorders. PGE2 binds with high affinity to the G-protein-coupled receptors EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, which collectively mediate its neuroimmunomodulatory effects. We and others have documented that the EP2 receptor mediates the neuroprotective properties of PGE2 in neuronal cultures and in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury. The present study aimed to investigate the role of EP2 receptor signaling on anatomical and functional outcomes after ICH. The collagenase model was used to induce an ICH in wildtype (WT) and EP2-/- mice (n=8-11/group). After 72h, mice were sacrificed and brains collected for Cresyl Violet staining and lesion volume quantification. The EP2-/- displayed significantly reduced lesion volumes when compared to WT controls (p<0.005). The EP2-/- also showed reduced cortical and striatal microglial activation (p<0.05), and less cortical astrocyte activation (p<0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that PGE2-EP2 receptor signaling aggravates ICH-induced brain injury in vivo, which is in contrast to previous reports in stroke models, highlighting the dynamic role of the EP2 receptor in modulating inflammatory responses following brain damage. Further investigations are necessary in order to identify the mechanism of EP2-mediated hematoma resolution. Additional studies using a selective EP2 receptor antagonist could lead to the development of improved drugs that minimize the side effects often associated with anti-inflammatory medications in order to help prevent or improve neurologic recovery following ICH.
Self-Assembled Monolayers for Nanotribology and Surface Protection

Reliability of various micro- and nanodevices requiring relative motion as well as magnetic storage devices requires the use of hydrophobic and lubricating films to minimize adhesion, stiction, friction, and wear. In various applications, surfaces need to be protected from exposure to the operating environment, and hydrophobic films are of interest. The surface films should be molecularly thick, well-organized, chemically bonded to the substrate, and insensitive to environment. Ordered molecular assemblies with high hydrophobicity can be engineered using chemical grafting of various polymer molecules with suitable functional head groups, spacer chains, and nonpolar surface terminal groups.
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS. PART 51. KINETICS OF WEIGHT LOSS FROM NITRATE ESTER POLYMERS AT LOW HEATING RATES

Abstract The kinetics of weight loss of six polymeric nitrate esters is described by the non-linear least-squares fit of non-isothermal TGA weight-loss curves. In the first 50% of weight loss, nitrocellulose (9.45%, 11.7%, and 13.4% nitrogen) and poly(vinyl nitrate) undergo first-order autocatalytic decomposition. Poly(glycidyl nitrate) and poly(nitratomethylmethyloxethane) exhibit simple first-order kinetics. The tendency to become autocatalytic follows the trend toward higher oxygen balance, higher viscosity, and the increased presence of secondary alkyi nitrate sites in the molecules.
How To Estimate Questionnaire Administration Time Before Pretesting: An Interactive Spreadsheet Approach

How To Estimate Questionnaire Administration Time Before Pretesting: An Interactive Spreadsheet Approach
Eddy Current Arrays for Defect Detection

What was originally an inspection technique for large-scale defects has become an increasingly miniaturized method. Originally, the use of eddy currents for nondestructive evaluation was limited to gross defects in massive structures such as railroads and ship hulls; today, eddy current techniques are routinely used to detect sub-millimeter cracks. Unfortunately, the trend towards miniaturization creates a practical dilemma. To achieve greater resolution and sensitivity, eddy current probes must be made smaller. As probes become smaller, the amount of time needed to completely cover an inspection area escalates. As with other NDE modalities, one solution proposed to resolve the conflict between productivity and sensitivity is the use of eddy current arrays. An array of many elements could easily decrease the required inspection time by an order of magnitude without sacrificing the high-resolution capabilities of smaller probes. The advantages of array inspection are thus quite attractive, and interest is increasing. However, practical implementation of eddy current arrays requires careful attention to a number of details, including elementto-element uniformity, size versus sensitivity, and electrical interactions (crosstalk).
Clustering with Partition Level Side Information

Constrained clustering uses pre-given knowledge to improve the clustering performance. Among existing literature, researchers usually focus on Must-Link and Cannot-Link pairwise constraints. However, pairwise constraints not only disobey the way we make decisions, but also suffer from the vulnerability of noisy constraints and the order of constraints. In light of this, we use partition level side information instead of pairwise constraints to guide the process of clustering. Compared with pairwise constraints, partition level side information keeps the consistency within partial structure and avoids self-contradictory and the impact of constraints order. Generally speaking, only small part of the data instances are given labels by human workers, which are used to supervise the procedure of clustering. Inspired by the success of ensemble clustering, we aim to find a clustering solution which captures the intrinsic structure from the data itself, and agrees with the partition level side information as much as possible. Then we derive the objective function and equivalently transfer it into a K-mean-like optimization problem. Extensive experiments on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method compared to pairwise constrained clustering and consensus clustering, which verifies the superiority of partition level side information to pairwise constraints. Besides, our method has high robustness to noisy side information.
Impact of pre-interventional arterial remodeling on subsequent vessel behavior after balloon angioplasty: a serial intravascular ultrasound study.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of pre-intervention arterial remodeling on subsequent vessel behavior following balloon angioplasty. BACKGROUND Positive arterial remodeling before intervention has been shown to have a negative impact on the clinical outcome after nonstented coronary interventional procedures. However, the mechanism of interventions in coronary vessel geometry over time is less well characterized. METHODS Serial (pre-, post- and follow-up) intravascular ultrasound analysis was performed in 46 native coronary lesions. Positive remodeling (PR) was defined as vessel area (VA) at the target lesion greater than that of average reference segments. Intermediate or negative remodeling (IR/NR) was defined as VA at the target lesion less than or equal to that of average reference segment. Remodeling index was defined as VA at the target lesion site divided by that of average references. RESULTS Pre-interventional PR and IR/NR were present in 21 (46%) and 25 (54%) of 46 patients, respectively. At follow-up, the change in plaque area was similar between the two groups (1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 1.2 ± 2.1 mm2, p = 0.840). Lesions with PR showed a significantly smaller change in VA than those with IR/NR (−0.2 ± 2.5 vs. 1.4 ± 2.3 mm2, p = 0.03). As a result, late lumen loss was significantly larger in lesions whose pre-intervention configuration exhibited PR (−1.5 ± 1.8 vs. 0.2 ± 1.6 mm2, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Lesions with PR appear to have less capacity to compensate for further plaque growth after balloon angioplasty and thus show a proportional increase in late lumen loss. This may in part explain the less favorable clinical outcomes of positively remodeled lesions.
The notion of relevance in teacher information behavior

Educators use information to support their teaching, which is largely concerned with the transfer of information. To support this information exchange, teachers manage complex information environments that are continually changing based on outside influences. Decisions on when to go out and seek additional information, what information to incorporate, and what information to dispose of are all based on notions of relevance. This exploratory study found that notions of relevance are largely driven by the educational context and are therefore unique to this particular user group. Relevance is often prescriptive for teachers, that is, information needs are driven by curriculum and school policy. Teachers also appear to stack the deck when looking for relevant resources, increasing their chances for finding a good resource fit by drawing on shared experience and information from close colleagues. Resource selection is again curriculum based, but also has the interesting feature that teachers are proxies for relevance decisions that affect their students. Anticipated relevance is present in various aspects of teachers' personal information management (PIM), such as deciding whether to keep resources for future use, organizing their physical classroom space, and resource housekeeping decisions.
Creating a Cataloging Activity Report Using SaveScreen and M3WRITE

A daily task in the OCLC Library is the tracking of information on cataloging activity for subsequent compilation in a monthly report of titles cataloged and the date of the cataloging activity. The report is used by the Manager, OCLC Library Technical Services Section, to compile statistics and to check the printed shelflist catalog cards received from OCLC.
Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revealed by organelle-specific antibodies.

Abstract Many studies have established the central involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the transport and processing of plasma membrane, lysosomal, and secreted proteins. The Golgi apparatus of neurons is also involved in the axoplasmic flow of fast-moving macromolecules and in the orthograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic transport of exogenous ligands. Markers of the Golgi apparatus, based on traditional methods of enzyme cytochemistry, are not applicable to human tissues obtained at autopsy. For that reason, the Golgi apparatus of brain cells has not been examined adequately in diseases of the human nervous system. Here we report that an antiserum raised against MG-160, a 160-kDa sialoglycoprotein of medial cisternae of the Golgi apparatus of several rat cells, is a specific and easily reproducible immunocytochemical marker of the Golgi apparatus of human neurons and other cells obtained at autopsy. Application of this probe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has shown a fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in motor neurons similar to that induced by depolymerization of microtubules. We suggest that the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has functional implications because significant reductions of secretion of insulin and immunoglobulins have been observed in islet cells and plasma cells, respectively, treated with microtubule-disrupting agents.
Characterization of a herpes simplex virus regulatory protein: aggregation and phosphorylation of a temperature-sensitive variant of ICP 4.

The viral polypeptide ICP 4 (or Vmw 175) is synthesized during the immediate early phase of infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is required during the viral reproductive cycle for efficient transcription of delayed early viral genes. Replication of mutant strains of HSV-1 such as tsLB 2 that encode a temperature-sensitive variant of ICP 4 does not proceed beyond the immediate early phase in cells that are infected and maintained at the nonpermissive temperature (NPT). Under these conditions, the immediate early viral polypeptides accumulate to levels that are 10 to 100 fold greater than normal. We have investigated the use of tsLB 2-infected cells maintained at the NPT as a source for substantial amounts of ICP 4 for further characterization. Extraction of ICP 4 from tsLB 2-infected cells requires 0.5m NaCl and yields aggregates that contain ICP 4, ICP 6, ICP 27, and lesser amounts of other proteins. These large aggregates cannot be disrupted under nondenaturing conditions and thus are not a suitable source for native ICP 4. We have used this overproduced ICP 4 as an antigen to generate ICP 4-specific antibody and for characterization of the primary structure of ICP 4. Analysis of acid-hydrolysed32P-labeled ICP 4 revealed that the major phosphorylated residues in ICP 4 are phosphoserine and phosphothreonine.
Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of the Linear Rolling Guide Pair and Experiment

Linear rolling guide is one of the most essential parts of the NC modern machine tools, and they play a significant supporting and guiding role in machine tools components. Especially, the joint surface between guides has great influence on machine's dynamic characteristics. According to this, in this work, taken the Japanese THK Corporation's SNS35LR rolling guide as specific study object, the finite element model of guide pair has been established with the joint surface influence considered. And by the method of the theoretical analysis with the experimental confirmation combined; the dynamic characteristics of the linear rolling guide pair's were studied relatively. Thus, the theoretical model and the finite element model established in this paper can be confirmed by the experiment. It has been found that the theoretical models established are consistent with the results of experiment. This study results can provide useful guidance for the dynamic analysis and the structure optimization of CNC machine tools, and numerical simulation in engineering and design in the development of such machines with rolling guide used.
Emotional fever after habituation to the temperature-recording procedure.

Abstract To examine whether habituation to having temperatures taken might reduce the emotional fever induced by other stressors, 20 rats were habituated by having three colonic temperatures taken within 6 min twice a week for 8 weeks. Two novel stressors were added during Week 9; rats were given an intraperitoneal saline injection before taking their temperatures on Day 1, and on a second day, they were housed with a group of unfamiliar animals for 5 min before taking their temperatures. Temperatures during Weeks 10–11 were taken as during Weeks 1–8. Results showed that, overall, the third daily temperature averaged 1 °C higher than the first, indicating that taking temperatures was stressful. Between weeks, temperatures rose between Weeks 1 and 2, suggesting a conditioned fever. Temperatures fell 1.5 °C from Weeks 2–8, indicating habituation. During Week 9, temperatures after the intraperitoneal injection were no higher than during Week 8; however, 5 min of group housing raised temperatures 1.5 °C for males and 2.5 °C for females. Temperatures during Weeks 10 and 11 were below those of Week 8, suggesting that the fever induced by group housing in Week 9 was situation specific. These results indicate that rats habituated to having their temperatures taken exhibit emotional fever only to selected new stimuli. Body temperatures do not rise after an intraperitoneal injection given by a familiar handler, but briefly placing rats with unfamiliar animals induces a substantial febrile response.
Money, inflation, and optimal economic growth

Abstract Using a two-asset model of a growing competitive economy, it is shown that the optimal growth path can be achieved via a policy operating exclusively on the rate of growth of the money stock.
Localized oral blastomycosis mimicking actinomycosis

A case of blastomycosis limited to the oral cavity is presented. The disease apparently originated in the mandible and eroded into the oral cavity. Secondary bacterial infection of the sinus tracts resulted in a clinical picture that mimicked cervicofacial actinomycosis. Appropriate microbiologic studies, including culture confirmation of the causative organism, were necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis.
MAGNETIC MOMENTS OF ANTIMONY ISOTOPES AND OTHER NUCLEI.

Observed values of the magnetic moments of the antimony isotopes and related nuclei are shown to be compatible with a description of the nuclei as involving orbital angular momentum carried by a triton. It is found that both ${L}_{t}{S}_{p}$ and ${L}_{n}{J}_{p}$ coupling types are needed for different nuclei.
The future global role and development of the US economy

The US economy is facing, as are many other economies across the globe, the challenge of overcoming the current recession while having no single satisfactory solution to follow. A result of globalisation is that countries are increasingly interconnected, especially in terms of their economies; consequently, decisions taken in the US will have an effect overseas. After assessing the Obama administration’s spending plans in the areas of finance, energy, health care and taxation, Diana Furchtgott-Roth argues that cutting individual tax rates is the most effective measure for overcoming the crisis. A programme to enhance growth will not only restore confidence in the American economy but will also be of benefit to global economies.
Tritium Retention in Iron Meteorites

THE main point developed by Dr. Tilles is that even though tritium is occasionally absent in some iron meteorites, it is present in others, but still in lower than expected quantities. This observation is used by him to preclude the possibility that tritium decays with an abnormally short half-life in metallic iron. He goes on to explain his preferred hypothesis that the low concentration of tritium in iron meteorites is due to losses by diffusion after the meteorites have reached the Earth. The small quantitiesof tritium found, even after many years, are attributed to the fact that the proposed fast diffusion loss occurs only in one of the forms of iron making up the meteorites. In his opinion, the tritium which is still found in some iron meteorites after several years is that concentrated in the tsenite phase.
Sparse Hard Sets for P

Building on a recent breakthrough by Ogihara, we resolve a conjecture made by Hartmanis in 1978 regarding the (non)existence of sparse sets complete for P under logspace many?one reductions. We show that if there exists a sparse hard set for P under logspace many?one reductions, then P=LOGSPACE. We further prove that if P has a sparse hard set under many?one reductions computable in NC1, then P collapses to NC1.
Light- and electron-microscopic observations of Cladosporium sp. growing on basidia of Exobasidum camelliae var. gracilis

Basidia of the plant-pathogenic fungus Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis Shirai became exposed on the abaxial side of an infected leaf of Camellia sasanqua Thunb. following the sloughing of the u...
Macroparticle model of the high-current, strong-field free electron laser

Abstract In the strong-field, high-current regime, the free electron laser driving current can be modeled by a single macroparticle representing the trapped electrons. When the trapped electrons act collectively as a macroparticle, solutions which include synchrotron oscillations can be found for the self-consistent pendulum and wave equations.
Optimization of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice interfaces for long-wave (̃8 μm) infrared detection

Optimization of various growth parameters for type-II 13 MLs InAs/7 MLs GaSb strained layer superlattices (SLSs) (λ out-off ∼8 μm at 300 K), grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy, has been undertaken. This includes a systematic study to investigate the influence of the effect of the growth temperature and the thickness of an InSb layer formed at the GaSb-on-InAs interface on the properties of the superlattice. We present optical and structural characterization of these SLS structures, using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Optimized growth parameters were then used to grow a 2-μm-thick active region for a SLS detector designed to operate in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region, which demonstrated full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 16 arcsec for the first SLS satellite peak and nearly zero lattice mismatch between zero-order SLS peak and GaSb substrate.
Toxin detection using a fiber-optic-based biosensor

Using an evanescent wave fiber optic-based biosensor developed at Naval Research Laboratory, ricin toxin can be detected in the low ng/ml range. Sensitivity was established at 1 - 5 ng/ml using a two-step assay. The two-step assay showed enhanced signal levels in comparison to a one-step assay. A two-step assay utilizes a 10 minute incubation of an immobilized affinity purified anti-ricin antibody fiber optic probe in the ricin sample before placement in a solution of fluorophore-labeled goat anti-ricin antibodies. The specific fluorescent signal is obtained by the binding of the fluorophore-labeled antibodies to ricin which is bound by the immobilized antibodies on the fiber optic probe. The toxin can be detected directly from urine and river water using this fiber optic assay.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Endophytic and pathogenic fungi of developing cranberry ovaries from flower to mature fruit: diversity and succession

Culturable fungal population diversity and succession was investigated in developing cranberry ovaries of fruit rot-resistant and rot-susceptible cranberry selections, from flower through mature fruit. Fungi were recovered in culture from 1185 of 1338 ovary tissues collected from June to September, yielding 2255 isolates that represented 42 morphotaxa. During the season, species richness varied from 2 to 17 and 2 to 18 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, respectively, increasing from wk1 to wk10 and then gradually declining to wk14. Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.27 to 2.32 in rot-resistant and 0.18 to 2.38 in rot-susceptible, and Pielou’s evenness index varied from 0.11 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.64 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, respectively, confirming that diversity of fungi in developing ovaries was similar among rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections, but varied among sampling time points. Principal component analysis grouped samples collected at the same sampling time point together regardless of rot susceptibility of the selections, and detected the predominant fungal species associated with each stage of development. Successional changes were observed in populations of endophytic, pathogenic and saprophytic fungi throughout the season as ovaries matured.
Induction of cytochrome P-450c in hematopoietic cells of fetal liver.

The transplacental inductive effect of β-naphthoflavone (βNF) on cytochrome P-450 isozymes was studied in separate hematopoietic and hepatocyte cells from fetal rat liver. Two fractions of dispersed fetal liver cells were isolated by Ficoll-Paque centrifugation and shown by histologic examination to be enriched in erythroblasts and hepatocytes, respectively. βNF treatment increased ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity 250-fold in both erythroblast and hepatocyte cell fractions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostaining techniques showed the induction of cytochrome P-450c, but not P-450d, in erythroblast and hepatocyte fractions.
The role of anti-endothelial cell antibody-mediated microvascular injury in the evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in the setting of collagen vascular disease.

We encountered 16 patients with connective tissue disease in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed. Routine light microscopic, ultrastructural, and direct immunofluorescent analyses were conducted, and circulating antibodies, including those of endothelial cell derivation, were assessed using indirect immuno-fluorescence and Western blot assays. Underlying diseases were dermatomyositis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, sclerodermatomyositis, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and anti-Ro-associated systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies to one or more Ro, RNP, Jo 1, OJ, and/or nucleolar antigens were seen in all cases and antiphospholipid antibodies in half. All biopsies revealed microvascular injury in concert with intraparenchymal fibrosis; in some cases, there were corroborative ultrastructural findings of microvascular injury. Patterns of fibroplasia represented nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and usual interstitial pneumonitis. We noted IgG, IgA, and/or complement in the septal microvasculature. In 6 cases with available serum samples, indirect immunofluorescent endothelial cell antibody studies were positive and Western Blot studies showed reactivity of serum samples to numerous endothelial cell lysate-derived proteins. Pulmonary fibrosis, a recognized complication of systemic connective tissue disease, develops in connective tissue disease syndromes with pathogenetically established immune-based microvascular injury at other sites. A similar mechanism of antibody-mediated endothelial cell injury may be the basis of the tissue injury and fibrosing reparative response.