cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basal release of nitric oxide induces an oscillatory motor pattern in canine colon.

1. The consequences of intrinsic, basal nitric oxide release on electrical and contractile activity of canine proximal colon were examined. Membrane potential and contraction were simultaneously recorded from the circular muscle in the presence of drugs to block adrenergic and cholinergic responses. 2. Electrical slow waves were recorded from muscle cells near the submucosal surface of the circular layer. Spontaneous contractions were initiated by each slow wave. Contractile amplitude increased 1.9-fold when nerves were blocked with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 microM). 3. Muscle cells near the myenteric surface displayed myenteric potential oscillations (MPOs) averaging 16 cycles per minute (c.p.m.) in frequency and 10 mV in amplitude. Twenty-five per cent of muscles displayed an additional slow, neurogenic oscillation (mean frequency, 1 c.p.m.; amplitude, 14 mV) superimposed upon the MPO rhythm. 4. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N omega -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 100 microM; n = 16) abolished neurogenic oscillations, depolarized cells, and increased MPO upstroke velocity, amplitude and frequency. The actions of L-NA were mimicked by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 100 microM) and oxyhaemoglobin (3%). 5. Spontaneous contractions were increased 2.3-fold by L-NA, and TTX had no effect on contractions after addition of L-NA. 6. The NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 microM) reversed the electrical and mechanical effects of L-NA and initiated slow oscillations similar to the neurogenic oscillations. Slow oscillations were also evoked with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 1 microM). The effects of NO donors were blocked by oxyhaemoglobin. 7. Slow electrical oscillations could not be elicited by SNP after removal of a thin strip of circular muscle along the myenteric edge. 8. These data suggest that the spontaneous electrical and contractile activity of the proximal colon is tonically suppressed by basal release of NO. Basal NO causes an oscillatory pattern of electrical and mechanical activity. This activity does not require patterned firing of nerves; rather a continuous, low level release of NO would be capable of producing the neurogenic oscillatory behaviour. The slow oscillatory activity depends upon the presence of the myenteric region of the circular muscle layer, which contains cell bodies of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal.
The Clinical Development of Paclitaxel: A Successful Collaboration of Academia, Industry and the National Cancer Institute

The successful development of paclitaxel as an important new antineoplastic agent with the potential to have an impact on a number of human cancers was possible as a result of significant contributions from individuals and groups with diverse areas of interest and expertise. The advancement of paclitaxel through the preclinical and clinical evaluation which ultimately led to its approval, as well as surmounting the regulatory hurdles which were faced required the close collaboration of individual investigators at academic institutions, the pharmaceutical industry (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and the National Cancer Institute. The latter stages of this developmental effort can be viewed as a prime example of the potential of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) mechanism to bring novel therapies to patients with serious illnesses in a timely fashion. It is also tangible evidence of the vision and perseverance of a number of members of the Division of Cancer Treatment (DCT) under the direction of Dr. Bruce Chabner, in whose honor this symposium is given.
Principles of Servant-Leadership in Community Health Nursing: Management Issues and Behaviors Discovered in Ethnographic Research

This article discusses the outcomes of a secondary analysis of ethnographic research data, focusing specifically on management issues and behaviors which can help the reader to visualize evidence-b...
Three-dimensional structure of a macromolecular assembly that regulates type III secretion in Yersinia pestis.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, utilizes a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of mammalian cells where they interfere with signal transduction pathways that regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics and inflammation, thereby enabling the bacterium to avoid engulfment and destruction by macrophages. Type III secretion normally does not occur in the absence of close contact with eukaryotic cells. Negative regulation is mediated in part by a multiprotein complex that has been proposed to act as a physical impediment to type III secretion by blocking the entrance to the secretion apparatus prior to contact with mammalian cells. This complex is composed of YopN, its heterodimeric secretion chaperone SycN-YscB, and TyeA. Here, we report two crystal structures of YopN in complex with its heterodimeric secretion chaperone SycN–YscB and the co-regulatory protein TyeA, respectively. By merging these two overlapping structures, it was possible to construct a credible theoretical model of the YopN–SycN–YscB–TyeA complex. The modeled assembly features the secretion signaling elements of YopN at one end of an elongated structure and the secretion regulating TyeA binding site at the other. A patch of highly conserved residues on the surface of the C-terminal α-helix of TyeA may mediate its interaction with structural components of the secretion apparatus. Conserved arginine residues that reside inside a prominent cavity at the dimer interface of SycN–YscB were mutated in order to investigate whether they play a role in targeting the YopN–chaperone complex to the type III secretion apparatus. One of the mutants exhibited a phenotype that is consistent with this hypothesis.
Incentive policies and export performance in sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract The paper presents the results of an econometric investigation which shows that exports in general, and agricultural exports in particular, are responsive to price incentives in sub- Saharan Africa. It is further shown that, within sub-Saharan Africa, market-oriented countries generally gained, and interventionist countries lost, export market shares. The differences in export performance are even greater if comparisons are made between private market economies and etatist countries in a three-fold classification scheme that puts some countries in an intermediate category.
Different models and properties on LMP calculations

This paper introduces the fundamental concept of locational marginal price (LMP) in the electricity markets, and presents some special observations on LMP. Under market environment, LMP based settlement strategy is used to determine the amount of money earned from ISO by the energy sellers and paid to ISO by the energy buyers. Thus, depending on different market designs, four different calculation models and corresponding properties on LMP are discussed in this paper. Some interesting applications of LMP are also presented. In this paper, all studied examples are based on a simple 3-bus network.
It Is Time to Implement Routine, Not Risk-Based, HIV Testing

Approximately one-quarter of a million persons in the United States who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) do not know it. To decrease the number of such persons, primary care providers should make HIV testing a routine component of health care. HIV testing should also be offered routinely in other settings, such as emergency departments, jails, and substance abuse treatment centers. Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend routine HIV testing only in settings where the prevalence of HIV infection is > or =1%; in settings where the prevalence of HIV infection is <1%, testing should be based on risk assessment. Because of the impracticality of strategies for testing that are based on estimates of prevalence, and because of the inaccuracy of risk assessment, we propose that HIV testing be routinely offered to any person who is sexually active. As an adjunct to the implementation of routine testing programs, counseling practices need to be streamlined, and rapid HIV testing needs to be implemented in the appropriate settings.
The Role of Parties' Past Behavior in Coalition Formation

This study considers whether and to what extent defections from a government coalition are punished. The study employs data on coalitions in eastern and western Europe from 1950 through 2006. The results show that if a coalition breaks due to conflict between partners or if one party withdraws from it, subsequent inclusion of the conflicting parties in the same coalition becomes less likely. Additional tests demonstrate that this effect occurs because defectors are punished by their former coalition partners. Another extension of the main analysis shows that rather than becoming pariah parties, defectors lose credibility only in the eyes of their former coalition partners.
Threat modeling for virtual directory services

Directory services are corporate computing objects responsible for providing information about user accounts, computer accounts, contacts, etc. Virtual directories are powerful tools for consolidating this data, modifying it if necessary, and presenting it to the end user in a highly customized manner. While attacks against directory services have been identified, attacks and vulnerabilities of virtual directories remain largely unstudied. In this paper, we present an analysis of four types of attacks on virtual directory services. In doing so, we describe how each is performed, and discuss how to detect and prevent each type of attack. This first step towards protecting virtual directory services is critical to protecting the information contained in the source directories - information which could potentially contain sensitive data and be used for authentication and/or access control decisions.
Using the message passing algorithm on discrete data to detect faults in boolean regulatory networks

An important problem in systems biology is to model gene regulatory networks which can then be utilized to develop novel therapeutic methods for cancer treatment. Knowledge about which proteins/genes are dysregulated in a regulatory network, such as in the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Network, can be used not only to decide upon which therapy to use for a particular case of cancer, but also help in discovering effective targets for new drugs. In this work we demonstrate how one can start from a model signal transduction network derived from prior knowledge, and infer from gene expression data the probable locations of dysregulations in the network. Our model is based on Boolean networks, and the inference problem is solved using a version of the message passing algorithm. We have done simulation experiments on synthetic data to verify the efficacy of the algorithm as compared to the results from the much more computationally intensive Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods. We also applied the model to analyze data collected from fibroblasts, thereby demonstrating how this model can be used on real world data.
LacZ-based detection of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals.

Many bacteria use quorum-sensing regulatory systems to monitor their population density and to coordinate their genetic expression under certain conditions. Acyl-homoserine lactones are often produced by many Gram-negative bacteria and serve as quorum-sensing signal molecules. This unit describes two commonly used methods to detect acyl-homoserine lactones from laboratory or environmental bacterial cultures. Keywords: quorum sensing; acyl-homoserine lactone; LacZ reporter; Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and dyserythropoiesis.

Abstract Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome or chondroectodermal dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a variable spectrum of clinical findings. Classical EVC syndrome comprises a tetrad of clinical manifestations of chondrodystrophy, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cardiac defects. In several case reports, dysplasia involving other organs has also been identified. Hematologic abnormalities have been rarely reported in patients with EVC syndrome. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old Hispanic boy with EVC syndrome and marked dyserythropoiesis. The dyserythropoiesis may be part of an isolated myelodysplastic change or a primary myelodysplastic syndrome and likely represents an unusual EVC syndrome association. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported.
High-flow nasal cannula therapy in do-not-intubate patients with hypoxemic respiratory distress.

BACKGROUND: Patients with do-not-intubate (DNI) status and respiratory failure are commonly treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy supplies a high flow of heated and humidified oxygen that may provide an effective alternative to NIV. We assessed the efficacy of HFNC in DNI patients with hypoxemic respiratory distress. METHODS: We identified 50 DNI patients with hypoxemic respiratory distress who were admitted to a medical ICU and who received HFNC. We excluded patients with PaCO2 > 65 mm Hg and pH < 7.28. The primary end point was the need for escalation to NIV, as determined by the primary service. Mean changes in oxygen saturation and breathing frequency before and after HFNC were compared. RESULTS: The subjects included 25 men and 25 women, mean age 73 years (range 27–96 y). Diagnoses (allowing multiple conditions) included pulmonary fibrosis (15), pneumonia (15), COPD (12), cancer (7), hematologic malignancy (7), and congestive heart failure (3). Hospital mortality was 60% (30/50). HFNC was initiated at a mean FIO2 of 0.67 (range 0.30–1.0) and flow of 42.6 L/min (range 30–60 L/min). Mean O2 saturations went from 89.1% to 94.7% ( P < .001), and breathing frequency went from 30.6 breaths/min to 24.7 breaths/min ( P < .001). Nine of the 50 subjects (18%) escalated to NIV, while 82% were maintained on HFNC. The median duration of HFNC was 30 hours (range 2–144 h). CONCLUSIONS: HFNC can provide adequate oxygenation for many patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and may be an alternative to NIV for DNI patients.
Effect of Bridged Boron Nitride Coatings on the Flexure Behavior of a Unidirectional Ceramic‐Fiber Ceramic‐Matrix Composite

A series of 50 vol/% unidirectional Nicalon™ fiber/zirconium titanate matrix composites were fabricated by alkoxide infiltration of the fiber tows. The fibers had a thin, amorphous boron nitride coating that was either heavily or lightly bridged. The bridged coatings were a result of localized excess boron nitride deposits and had the effect of binding adjacent fibers at boron nitride nodules during the immersion process. The resultant composites contained matrix-rich ribbons, which exhibited laminate-like mechanical behavior reported previously. Highest strength was obtained when the composites were loaded parallel to the ribbon orientation, and highest toughness (WOF) was obtained when the composites were loaded perpendicular to the ribbons. The ribbon orientation had a more pronounced effect on composite behavior than the presence or lack of bridging boron nitride nodules. However, the bridging nodules altered the relative orientation of the matrix-rich ribbons during fabrication and, thus, the direction of optimal strength or toughness.
Efficient Algorithms for Selecting Optimal Data Collection Locations in Business Process Management

The flexibility and dynamism of service-oriented architecture (SOA) makes it critical to monitor and manage services behaviors at runtime for performance assurance. In this paper, two efficient evidence channel selection (ECS) algorithms are designed to select service run-time data collection locations for business process management. The design of ESC algorithms are based on the classic facilities location problems: k-median and Set-Covering. The performance study shows that these ECS algorithms significantly reduce data collection cost and achieve better diagnosis correctness compared to random ECS selection.
Influence of ambient and thoracic temperatures upon sexual behaviour of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

. In an ambient temperature (Ta) range of 18–28°C, thoracic temperatures (Tth) of individual male Lymantria dispar (L.), caught at flight in the field, ranged from 21 to 36.5°C, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63 between Tth and ambient temperature (Ta). Ambient temperature (and insolation) altered the insect's body temperature and the probabilities, latencies, and durations of preflight responses to pheromone. In a wind tunnel at 16 and 20°C, quiescent males exposed to pheromone raised their Tth by sustained wing fanning from 17 and 21°C, respectively, to c. 24°C before takeoff. At 24 and 28°C ambient, Tth rose by takeoff to 28 and 31°C, respectively. The latencies of male wing fanning in response to pheromone decreased from 1.44 min at 16°C ambient, to 0.58 min at 20°C, to 0.26 min at 24°C, and to 0.16min at 28°C. The components of behaviour (antennal twitch, body jerk, step and wing tremor) that occurred between quiescence and wing fanning were more frequent at ambients of 16 and 20°C than at 24 and 28°C.
Bone ultrasound velocity in small- versus appropriate-for-gestational age preterm infants

To compare bone status of small-for-gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborn preterm infants. Tibial speed of sound (SOS) was measured in 144 infants categorized as SGA or AGA using the reference tables of Lubchenco et al. and Alexander et al. By the Lubchenco tables, 22% of infants were SGA and 75% were AGA. The mean gestational ages of SGA and AGA were similar (33.3±2.6 and 32.5±2.4 weeks, respectively, P=0.09); however, SGA infant birth weights were lower (1329±392 and 1829±481 g, respectively, P<0.001). SOS values were higher for SGA versus AGA infants (3098±135 and 3003±122 m/s, respectively. P<0.001). Use of the Alexander tables yielded a twofold increase in the percent of infants categorized as SGA; SOS values remained significantly greater for SGA infants (P<0.001). Higher tibial SOS values in SGA versus AGA infants indicate greater bone strength.
When Law Becomes Morality: Comments on Mark Greenberg's Moral Impact Theory of Law

Mark Greenberg, in his article, "The Moral Impact of Law" (Yale Law Journal, 2014), offers a new and provocative understanding of law and legal obligation. His basic position is that "legal obligations are a certain subset of moral obligations"; under his approach, law is "the moral impact of the relevant actions of legal institutions." Greenberg's approach is in sharp contrast with what he calls "the Standard Picture," a view that is assumed or accepted, but rarely argued for, in connection with most of the currently popular theories of the nature of law, as well as likely being implicit in the way most non-theorists and non-practitioners think about law. It is important in evaluating Greenberg's work to distinguish what is new -- and controversial -- from what is not new, and thus likely to be less controversial. One theme that is important to Greenberg's analysis, but which is distinctly not new, is the argument that the actions of officials can change our moral profile. What is new is labeling the effects on our moral profile -- and only those effects -- as "law." In this brief Response, I argue that Greenberg has not justified this large change in existing practices, and that a focus on changes in moral profiles create problems at least as intricate as does "the Standard Picture" it means to supplant.
A two-speed actuator for robotics with fast seamless gear shifting

In many applications, robots have to bear large loads while moving slowly and also have to move quickly through the air with almost no load. This leads to conflicting requirements for their actuators. Multiple gear ratios, like in a powertrain, address this issue by allowing an effective use of power over a wide range of output speed. However in robotics, as opposed to powertrains, the controlled load is not always inertial and acting as a low-pass filter; hence gear shifting is a more challenging issue in a robotics context. In this paper, it is proposed to address this problem using a dual-speed dual-motor architecture to maintain full control of the output during gear shifting. A dynamic model is developed and a controller using the redundancy of motors is proposed to enable fast seamless gear shifting even when interacting with unknown dynamic environments. Results are demonstrated with a proof-of-concept linear actuator.
Migratory Determinants of Parasitism

Molecularly-induced changes in both the host and the parasite determine the outcome of their interaction. What are the host-produced molecules that cause determinative changes in the parasite? What are the parasite-produced molecules that cause determinative changes in the host? The answers to these questions form the foundation for understanding host-parasite interactions. The migration of a factor from one organism to the other is an attribute that distinguishes events occurring between organisms from those occurring within an organism. We will restrict our discussion to the migratory determinants of parasitism.
Music Programs in Charter and Traditional Schools: A Comparative Study of Chicago Elementary Schools.

Since the arrival of the first charter school in Minnesota in 1991, charter schools have become one of the largest movements in educational reform. In recent years, research has emerged that has co...
A Psychological Investigation of Nelson Goodman’s Theory of Symbols

At the conclusion of Languages of Art Nelson Goodman suggests that his theory of symbols has implications which extend beyond the philosopher's chambers.2 He indicates that an exploration of the distinctions and frame work introduced in the book might lead to revisions in educational psychol ogy. Work undertaken in recent years by Goodman and his associates at Harvard Project Zero has been directly concerned with the psychological and educational implications of the theory of symbols. I would like to describe some early results of this research, particularly as it concerns two of the concepts discussed in Languages of Art: notationality and similarity. A major portion of Goodman's work is a detailed exposition of the characteristics of a notational system.3 According to his analysis, a symbol system which satisfies the syntactic criteria of disjointness and finite dif ferentiation has a notational scheme; conformity to three additional semantic characteristics of unambiguity, disjointness, and finite differentiation qualifies a set of symbols as a notational system. Goodman concedes that notationality is an ideal and that nearly all our common symbol systems violate at least one criterion of notationality. Nonetheless it is possible to classify symbol systems according to their relation to notationality; such an ordering reveals, for example, that Western music notation fulfills in large measure the semantic and syntactic requirements of a notational system, that ordinary language fulfills the syntactic requirements, and that art forms like painting or sculpture violate all criteria of notationality. The question which interested me initially was this: Is there evidence that psychological mechanisms in volved in working with relatively notational or linguistic schemes differ from
Short-period Rayleigh-wave dispersion across the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Well-dispersed Rayleigh waves within the period range of 4 to 11 sec are observed at New Delhi (NDI) and Shillong (SHL), India, for seven earthquakes near and in the Tibetan Plateau from 1963 to 1971. The dispersion curves and the simply dispersed wave forms suggest a prominent overlying wave guide, probably sediments, in the Tibetan area. The thickness of such sediments is most likely between 2.5 and 7.0 km. The simple wave trains, without much distortion due to multipathing, are consistent with a relatively inert, recent tectonism in Tibet.
Comparison of drill- and needle-based tree injection technologies in healing of trunk injection ports on apple trees

Abstract Excessive tree wounding is a common concern regarding the use of trunk injection technology for tree protection purposes in landscapes and urban greening. We investigated the rate of healing of injection ports (points) in apple trees by monitoring parameters such as port diameters, the size of bark cracking, and port depths. We compared drilled injection ports from 4.4 and 9.5 mm drill bits, with latter being sealed with plastic-silicone plug (Arborplug®) or not, and the lenticular port from a double-edged blade. Depending on port size and type, port closure ranged from one to more than two years. Bark cracking around injection ports was more pronounced longitudinally. On the sealed 9.5 mm port, bark cracking was largely similar to all drilled ports. The depth of port wounds decreased faster on the port from the 4.4 mm drill bit and on lenticular injection port versus the unsealed port from the 9.5 mm drill bit. Plastic-silicone plugs, which simulate removed bark, slowed the healing of 9.5 mm drill port with callus and increased the port depths over time due to callus formation over the top of the plug. From fastest-healing to slowest-healing, on average the injection ports were: lenticular port from blade (70.8%), the unsealed 9.5 mm drill port (44.4%), 4.4 mm drill port (43.9%), and 9.5 mm drill port sealed with plastic-silicone plug (20.4%).
Localizing Value of Clinical Seizure Patterns

The value of ictal clinical manifestations in differentiating frontal and temporal lobe partial epilepsies was determined in a prospective study of 252 patients selected according to imaging, EEG, and focal clinical patterns from records at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Topology for Global Average Consensus

We consider the problem of global average-consensus in a network of sensors. The communication among sensors is restricted by the underlying network, where each sensor can exchange information only with its neighbors. We analyze the influence of the network topology on the convergence speed of the iterative consensus algorithm and focus on the design of network topology with respect to this optimality criterion. Topology optimization is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. We reduce it to a spectral graph design problem, namely, maximizing the ratio gamma of two eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix L of the graph. We consider a class of expander graphs, called Ramanujan graphs, for which we find a lower bound on gamma. Through numerical studies, we show that the consensus algorithm converges much faster on the Ramanujan graphs than on structured graphs, on Erdos-Renyi random graphs, and on graphs exhibiting small-world properties.
Simulated Fission Gas Behavior in Silicide Fuel at LWR Conditions

As a promising candidate for the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) used in light water reactors (LWRs), the fuel performance of uranium silicide (U3Si2) at LWR conditions need to be well-understood. However, existing experimental post-irradiation examination (PIE) data are limited to the research reactor conditions, which involve lower fuel temperature compared to LWR conditions. This lack of appropriate experimental data significantly affects the development of fuel performance codes that can precisely predict the microstructure evolution and property degradation at LWR conditions and therefore evaluate the qualification of U3Si2 as an AFT for LWRs. Considering the high cost, long timescale, and restrictive access of the in-pile irradiation experiments, this study aims to utilize ion irradiation to simulate the inpile behavior of the U3Si2 fuel. Both in situ TEM ion irradiation and ex situ high-energy ATLAS ion irradiation experiments were employed to simulate different types of microstructure modifications in U3Si2. Multiple PIE techniques were used or will be used to quantitatively analyze the microstructure evolution induced by ion irradiation so as to provide valuable reference for the development of fuel performance code prior to the availability of the in-pile irradiation data.
Multimodal Examination of Distress Tolerance and Suicidality in Acute-Care Psychiatric Inpatients:

The present investigation examined associations between distress tolerance, examined multimodally via self-report and behavioral indices, and suicidality. Participants were 102 psychiatric inpatien...
The influence of gametophytic competition on sporophytic quality in Dianthus chinensis

Pollinations were made on either the tip or the basal portions of the stigmatic surface in Dianthus chinensis. These two treatments provided, respectively, either good or modest opportunity for pollen tube competition. The pollen used came from a single clone. Technical and statistical methods were used to reduce greatly the influence of variation in seed weight. Seeds resulting from the two contrasting treatments were planted, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in germination time and seedling weight between treatments. These results suggest that the quality of the F1 generation can be significantly modified by competition between pollen tubes from a single plant.
Collaborative Care for Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evaluation of Collaborative Care Fidelity on Symptom Trajectories and Outcomes

Despite the growing consensus that collaborative care is effective, limited research has focused on the importance of collaborative care fidelity as it relates to mental health clinical outcomes. To assess the relationship of collaborative care fidelity on symptom trajectories and clinical outcomes among military service members enrolled in a multi-site randomized controlled trial for the treatment of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study data for our analyses came from a two-parallel arm randomized trial that evaluated the effectiveness of a centralized collaborative care model compared to the existing collaborative care model for the treatment of PTSD and depression. All patients were included in the analyses to evaluate how longitudinal trajectories of PTSD and depression scores differed across various collaborative care fidelity groupings. A total of 666 US Military Service members screening positive for probable PTSD or depression through primary care. Disease registry data from a web-based clinical management support tool was used to measure collaborative care fidelity for patients enrolled in the trial. Participant depression and PTSD symptoms were collected independently from research survey assessments at four time points across the 1-year trial period. Treatment utilization records were acquired from the Military Health System administrative records to determine mental health service use. Consistent and late fidelity to the collaborative care model predicted an improving symptom trajectory over the course of treatment. This effect was more pronounced for patients with depression than for patients with PTSD. Long-term fidelity to key collaborative care elements throughout care episodes may improve depression outcomes, particularly for patients with elevated symptoms. More controlled research is needed to further understand the influence of collaborative care fidelity on clinical outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01492348
Spatially distributed water-balance and meteorological data from the rain–snow transition, southern Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage, plus the fluxes affecting these stores, in a set of nested headwater catchments. The high temporal frequency and distributed coverage make the resulting data appropriate for process studies of snow accumulation and melt, infiltration, evapotranspiration, catchment water balance, (bio)geochemistry, and other critical-zone processes. We present 8 years of hourly snow-depth, soil-moisture, and soil-temperature data, as well as 14 years of quarter-hourly streamflow and meteorological data that detail water-balance processes at Providence Creek, the upper part of which is at the current 50 % rain versus snow transition of the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Providence Creek is the long-term study cooperatively run by the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO) and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station's Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW). The 4.6 km 2 montane Providence Creek catchment spans the current lower rain–snow transition elevation of 1500–2100 m. Two meteorological stations bracket the high and low elevations of the catchment, measuring air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and snow depth, and at the higher station, snow water equivalent. Paired flumes at three subcatchments and a V-notch weir at the integrating catchment measure quarter-hourly streamflow. Measurements of meteorological and streamflow data began in 2002. Between 2008 and 2010, 50 sensor nodes were added to measure distributed snow depth, air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture within the top 1 m below the surface. These sensor nodes were installed to capture the lateral differences of aspect and canopy coverage. Data are available at hourly and daily intervals by water year (1 October–30 September) in nonproprietary formats from online data repositories. Data for the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory distributed snow and soil datasets are at https://doi.org/10.6071/Z7WC73 . Kings River Experimental Watersheds meteorological data are available from https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0028 and stream-discharge data are available from https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0037 .
Improving web server performance by caching dynamic data

Dynamic Web pages can seriously reduce the performance of Web servers. One technique for improving performance is to cache dynamic Web pages. We have developed the Dynamic Web cache which is particularly well-suited for dynamic pages. Our cache has improved performance significantly at several commercial Web sites. This paper analyzes the design and performance of the DynamicWeb cache. It also presents a model for analyzing overall system performance in the presence of caching. Our cache can satisfy several hundred requests per second. On systems which invoke server programs via CGI, the DynamicWeb cache results in near-optimal performance, where optimal performance is that which would be achieved by a hypothetical cache which consumed no CPU cycles. On a system we tested which invoked server programs via ICAPI which has significantly less overhead than CGI, the DynamicWeb cache resulted in near-optimal performance for many cases and 58% of optimal performance in the worst case. The DynamicWeb cache achieved a hit rate of around 80% when it was deployed to support the official Internet Web site for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic games.
PILOT PLANT DEVELOPMENT OF OZONE DISINFECTION

ABSTRACT The adverse environmental effects of residual chlorine in chlorinated wastewater prompted a search for alternative disinfection agents that would be environmentally acceptable. Ozone is used for disinfecting potable water in Europe but because of its cost it has not been used for disinfecting treated wastewater. One of the main items influencing the cost is the ozone contactor. This study presents the data from the comparison of three contactors that are commercially available. They are the positive pressure injector, a packed column and a bubble diffuser. The results show that the bubble diffuser gave the highest ozone utilization and total coliform reduction. A highly significant log-log correlation between coliform reduction and ozone utilization was noted.
Spheres of autophagy in maize

Cellular components can be digested in the vacuole by autophagy, a critical process for homeostasis and stress tolerance. Functions of this recycling pathway in maize have now been defined, including lipid degradation, control of secondary metabolism and remodelling of the proteome.
Disciplining the Female Student Body: Consequential Transference in Arguments for School Dress Codes

Based on an examination of news coverage from 2013 to mid-2018, this article analyzes rhetoric in favor of school dress code policies. I illustrate how women’s bodies are problematized in order to ...
A decision tree framework for shot classification of field sports videos

Automated approaches to analyze sports video content have been heavily explored in the last few decades to develop more informative and effective solutions for replay detection, shot classification, key-events detection, and summarization. Shot transition detection and classification are commonly applied to perform temporal segmentation for video content analysis. Accurate shot classification is an indispensable requirement to precisely detect the key-events and generate more informative summaries of the sports videos. The current state-of-the-art have several limitations, i.e., use of inflexible game-specific rule-based approaches, high computational cost, dependency on editing effects, game structure, and camera variations, etc. In this paper, we propose an effective decision tree architecture for shot classification of field sports videos to address the aforementioned issues. For this purpose, we employ the combination of low-, mid-, and high-level features to develop an interpretable and computationally efficient decision tree framework for shot classification. Rule-based induction is applied to create various rules using the decision tree to classify the video shots into long, medium, close-up, and out-of-field shots. One of the significant contributions of the proposed work is to find the most reliable rules that are least unpredictable for shot classification. The proposed shot classification method is robust to variations in camera, illumination conditions, game structure, video length, sports genre, broadcasters, etc. Performance of our method is evaluated on YouTube dataset of three different genre of sports that is diverse in terms of length, quantity, broadcasters, camera variations, editing effects and illumination conditions. The proposed method provides superior shot classification performance and achieves an average improvement of 6.9% in precision and 9.1% in recall as compared to contemporary methods under above-mentioned limitations.
Hip arthroscopy for hip osteoarthritis is associated with increased risk for revision after total hip arthroplasty

Background:It has not been determined yet whether hip arthroscopy (HA) leads to adverse outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to (1) determine 2-year conversion...
Functions and Prevalence of Self-Directed Violence in Adolescence

The prevalence of self-directed violence (SDV) is increasing in adolescents. SDV, defined as behavior that is self-directed and deliberately results in actual injury or the potential for injury to ...
Transcriptional profiling and therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress in neuroinflammation

Oxidative stress is a central part of innate immune-induced neurodegeneration. However, the transcriptomic landscape of central nervous system (CNS) innate immune cells contributing to oxidative stress is unknown, and therapies to target their neurotoxic functions are not widely available. Here, we provide the oxidative stress innate immune cell atlas in neuroinflammatory disease and report the discovery of new druggable pathways. Transcriptional profiling of oxidative stress-producing CNS innate immune cells identified a core oxidative stress gene signature coupled to coagulation and glutathione-pathway genes shared between a microglia cluster and infiltrating macrophages. Tox-seq followed by a microglia high-throughput screen and oxidative stress gene network analysis identified the glutathione-regulating compound acivicin, with potent therapeutic effects that decrease oxidative stress and axonal damage in chronic and relapsing multiple sclerosis models. Thus, oxidative stress transcriptomics identified neurotoxic CNS innate immune populations and may enable discovery of selective neuroprotective strategies.
Were U.S. Banks Exposed to the Greek Debt Crisis

This study provides an empirical analysis of the impact of the Greek debt crisis on stock returns of U.S. commercial banks. We find that good (bad) news events pertaining to the Greek debt crisis, identified by large changes in the Greek CDS spread, produce insignificant positive (negative) abnormal stock returns. While banks were exposed to Greek debt, their exposure was such that it did not result in any abnormal fluctuations in bank values at the height of the crisis. When we measure the sensitivity of bank returns to changes in the Greek CDS spread in an effort to measure banks’ exposure to the crisis, we find that changes in the Greek CDS spread provide no additional explanatory power for bank returns beyond what a U.S. market index does. Finally, we find no bank characteristic that allows us to consistently predict the effect of the Greek crisis on specific banks.
The Failure of the United States to Ratify the CRPD

Arlene Kanter explores the paradoxical historical position of the United States (US), which has failed to ratify most international human rights treaties while claiming pride as one of the chief architects of the United Nations (UN) system. She explores the contemporary history of the failed attempts in the US to achieve ratification of the most recent human rights treaty, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD 2006). Kanter provides an overview of why States ratify human rights treaties, followed by a short summary of US treaty ratification history. She then describes the failed CRPD ratification process in the US Senate, including an analysis of the arguments that were presented for and against ratification and the reasons for the failure. The chapter concludes with an account of the implications of this failure for persons with disabilities in the US and in relation to the standing of the US in the world.
Agreement between Transcription- and Rating-Based Intelligibility Measurements for Evaluation of Dysphonic Speech in Noise.

Dysphonia negatively affects a speaker’s intelligibility, especially in noisy environments. Previously, our study showed this effect of dysphonia with the transcription-based intelligibility measur...
SUVR for the Interpretation of Neuroendocrine Tumor PET Imaging with68Ga-dotatate

1318 Objectives: PET imaging with 68Ga-dotatate (NETSPOT) is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of neuroendocrine tumors. However, the interpretation of 68Ga-dotatate scans largely remains dependent on visual inspection, introducing ambiguity to the characterization of tissue(s) with high physiologic tracer retention (e.g. the head and uncinate process of the pancreas). While the use of reference tissue and SUVR has become commonplace in PET neuroimaging, their application in routine oncology studies remains limited. This work seeks to identify potential reference tissue(s) for the interpretation of 68Ga-dotatate scans and provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of the corresponding SUVR measurement. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on static, whole-body scans from 115 consecutive adults imaged with 68Ga-dotatate at the University of Michigan between July 2018 and December 2018. 2D regions were manually drawn on the liver, spleen, pancreatic head & uncinate process, and thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands, using MEDVIEW (MedImage, Ann Arbor, MI) to determine the SUV characteristics of the tissue section. For positive scans, the lesion with the highest avidity for 68Ga-dotatate was identified and analyzed in the same manner, with all regions confirmed anatomically by a low-dose CT scan acquired at the time of PET imaging. SUVR was calculated as the ratio SUVmax (lesion) to SUVmean (reference region). Results: Images were acquired following intravenous administration of 158 ± 3.7 MBq (4.27 ± 0.1 mCi) of 68Ga-dotatate. Mean SUV values were particularly variable in the thyroid (3.06 ± 1.63, n = 204), pituitary glands (6.74 ± 2.46, n = 115), and spleen (18.42 ± 7.34, n = 109), while hepatic (6.06 ± 2.04, n = 114) and adrenal (13.12 ± 4.21, n = 217) tracer retention showed higher inter-individual agreement. Analyzed lesions displayed highly variable uptake (SUVmax = 44.37 ± 30.09, n = 77), as did physiologic uptake in the pancreatic head & uncinate process (SUVmax = 9.96 ± 5.01, n = 86). Using the liver as a reference region, 68Ga-dotatate positive tumors in the head and uncinate process showed a SUVR of 12.64 ± 8.99 (n = 13), in contrast to control tissue in the same region (1.72 ± 1.11, n = 86). The size of the 2D shape used to determine the SUVmean (reference region) was large (mean = 64 cm2 or 389 pixels). Conclusions: The significant variability in 68Ga-dotatate retention found in our study and others underlies a need for improved interpretation guidelines. Here, we identify the liver as a potential reference region for analyzing NETSPOT images and establish SUVR as a tool which facilitates a semi-quantitative interpretation of 68Ga-dotatate scans without significant disruptions to established imaging and analysis workflows. References: Moradi et al. Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2016, 41 (6): e281-e287.
Connecting cell polarity signals to the cytokinetic machinery in yeast and metazoan cells

Polarized growth and cytokinesis are two fundamental cellular processes that exist in virtually all cell types. Mechanisms for asymmetric distribution of materials allow for cells to grow in a polarized manner. This gives rise to a variety of cell shapes seen throughout all cell types. Following polarized growth during interphase, dividing cells assemble a cytokinetic ring containing the protein machinery to constrict and separate daughter cells. Here, we discuss how cell polarity signaling pathways act on cytokinesis, with a focus on direct regulation of the contractile actomyosin ring (CAR). Recent studies have exploited phosphoproteomics to identify new connections between cell polarity kinases and CAR proteins. Existing evidence suggests that some polarity kinases guide the local organization of CAR proteins and structures while also contributing to global organization of the division plane within a cell. We provide several examples of this regulation from budding yeast, fission yeast, and metazoan cells. In some cases, kinase-substrate connections point to conserved processes in these different organisms. We point to several examples where future work can indicate the degree of conservation and divergence in the cell division process of these different organisms.