cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crohn's disease with dilated cardiomyopathy in a child: An experience with heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND DCM has rarely been reported in children with CD, but is a recognized complication in adults. DCM with uncontrolled heart failure may need heart transplantation, which could be challenging in CD. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a 9-year-old female with CD who was diagnosed with DCM and a measured Ejection fraction ~25.8%. She was initiated on heart failure treatment, but continued to have progressive symptoms and underwent bicaval OHT three months after her initial presentation. Her post-operative course was complicated by perforation of the rectosigmoid junction requiring exploratory laparotomy and primary repair of the perforation. This was believed to be secondary to her underlying CD and possibly reperfusion injury after heart transplant. During the first-year post heart transplant, she had 4 episodes of acute cellular rejection. These episodes were treated with high dose steroids with good results. The patient has been in remission from CD since transplantation. For the last two years she is doing well, with no further rejection episodes on current immunosuppression. CONCLUSION DCM, though rare, can occur in patients with CD, whether active or in remission. The development of DCM could be insidious and keeping a high index of suspicion is important and subtle signs suggestive of cardiac involvement should warrant further investigation. The post-transplant management can be challenging with early morbidity in the first post-transplant year but overall good median survival and quality of life for our patient to date.
Exploring conceptions of reading risk and program-specific literacy outcomes for Spanish speakers in dual language and English-medium programs

Considerable research documents the efficacy of dual language programs for the reading achievement of English learners from Spanish-speaking homes. However, there is uncertainty in the field of dual language education about how students at-risk for literacy difficulties fare in these same programs, as well as questions about how risk should be defined – i.e., difficulty with decoding versus lower levels of vocabulary – with distinct understandings of risk potentially differentially explaining students’ reading trajectories. This study followed Spanish-speaking students from Grades 3–5 to understand how students at-risk for reading difficulties fare in English reading comprehension in dual language versus English-medium programs, examining two different risk indicators in the process. Study results indicate that across risk categories, students performed equally well regardless of program model. In addition, decoding was a more robust indicator of risk than vocabulary.
Disease and Patient Characteristics Contributing to Diagnostic Delays in Patients With Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Introduction: Diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is often made clinically. Certain patient and disease characteristics can cause delays in diagnosis and management. Methods: Observational retrospective study of forty-four patients diagnosed with GBS either clinically, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and/or by electro-diagnostic criteria at a teaching hospital (University of Missouri Hospital) in Columbia, Mid-Missouri between 2011 and 2017. Results: Patients with coexisting neurological conditions had statistically significant delay in diagnosis of GBS [Mean (SD); 13 ± 5 vs. 9.39 ± 4.7; p = 0.03]. Patients presenting with motor + symptoms (sensory and/or autonomic, in addition to motor), compared to those with only motor symptoms had statistically significant delay in diagnosis of GBS [Mean (SD); 11.90 ± 5 vs. 8.58 ± 4; p = 0.04]. Discussion: Presence of co-existing neurological conditions, and motor + symptoms can delay timely diagnosis and management of GBS.
Uncontrolled corpus composition drives an apparent surge in cognitive distortions.

Bollen et al. (1) present an exciting interdisciplinary combination of clinical psychology and corpus linguistics. They find that phrases chosen by cognitive-behavioral experts to reflect negative thoughts—“cognitive distortions”—have sharply increased in frequency since the 1980s in three Google Books datasets. Unfortunately, their work faces a foundational limitation: For the reported patterns to be meaningful, corpus frequencies must actually reflect cognitive distortions in the real world. But words in books are not clinical interviews, and word frequencies are not psychiatric assessments. Extrapolating to “entire societies” from phrases in library books is also problematic: English-language authors in Google Books talk about “Derrida” 3 times as much as “The Beatles,” and talk about “the Federal Reserve” 30 times as much as “the grocery store.” Studies using Google Ngrams must properly negotiate changes in corpus composition (2 … [↵][1] 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: bs145{at}nyu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Doing It Yourself

Applied behavior analysts must (1) be skilled in applying assessment and treatment methods and protocols, (2) be knowledgeable about the basic science upon which those methods and protocols are based, and (3) be able to read, understand, and critically evaluate new basic and applied research that is relevant to the clinical populations they treat. It is not necessary, however, that applied behavior analysts be skilled in conducting research themselves. Evidently, faculty who train these individuals must have the same skills and knowledge in order to be effective trainers. But they too need not be skilled in conducting research because this is not a part of the training they deliver. No doubt most readers will agree with items 1 through 3. The issue that Dixon et al. raise is whether faculty expertise in conducting research, as measured by their records of publication, improves these skills in their trainees.
Where Rivers Meet

Although the diversity of terrestrial species of the Amazon basin is well documented, aquatic species inhabiting the Amazon River and its tributaries have been little studied. In their Perspective, [Gascon and Smith][1] discuss a comprehensive survey of electric fish species in a 2000-km transect of the Amazon basin ([ Fernandes et al .][2]), which reveals patterns of diversity among aquatic species akin to those found for terrestrial creatures. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5692/1922 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/305/5692/1960
Congressional Gridlock's Threat to Separation of Powers

The principle of separation of powers serves as the foundation of our constitutional system. Though the doctrine’s meaning is somewhat amorphous, at its core rests a simple assumption: each branch must be able to fulfill its functional duties, while also serving to check the other branches. A gridlocked Congress undermines these basic expectations. The result is a legislature that relies on ad hoc committees, triggers, and gimmicks to make law; an executive that fills in the policy vacuum through presidential initiatives and who expands executive power without rebuke; and a judiciary exercising increasing authority over the meaning of statutes. In other words, our separation of powers scheme suffers because Congress cannot fulfill its constitutional role. To appreciate how gridlock threatens separation of powers requires a more complete awareness of the doctrine’s theoretical, historical, jurisprudential, and scholarly roots. From this review, I establish the broad contours of the separation of powers problem that gridlock poses. I then complete the analysis by turning to several real world examples to demonstrate how congressional stalemate actually undermines the separation of powers. In the end, I conclude that congressional gridlock poses such a threat to separation of powers that it places in peril the entire structural premises of American government.
Investigation of plasma irregularity generation in expanding ionospheric dust clouds

Publisher Summary Natural and artificial expanding dust clouds occur in the ionosphere in many situations. In recent years, several sounding rocket experiments have involved the release of electron attaching agents that produce expanding heavy negative ion clouds. These experiments mimicked the release of dust into a background plasma since electrons are captured to produce electron depletions and heavy negative ion clouds that expand into the background plasma. Consistently, the production of small-scale plasma irregularities was associated with these experiments. This chapter describes the plasma instability processes associated with small-scale irregularity generation produced by the expansion of localized dust clouds into the earth's ionosphere. These processes may produce irregularities on the meter scale size and in the lower hybrid frequency range which have been observed during some past space experiments. The chapter studies the aspects of the linear and nonlinear development of these processes by using theoretical and numerical simulation models.
Transient topological objects in high energy collisions

The possible topology of quantum fluctuations which take place at the earliest stage of high-energy processes is studied. A new exact solution of Yang-Mills equations with fractional topological charge and carrying a single color is found.
Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by Biotin.

Krulwich, Terry A. (Goucher College, Baltimore, Md.), and Helen B. Funk. Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by biotin. J. Bacteriol. 90:729–733. 1965.—Addition of biotin to nitrite-mineral medium greatly stimulated the autotrophic growth of four strains of Nitrobacter agilis. Comparisons of cultures of the organisms grown in parallel at 30 C in nitrite medium and in the medium supplemented with 150 mμg of biotin per ml showed that the vitamin promoted: (i) 2- to 4-fold greater rates of utilization of nitrite, and (ii) 100- to 1,000-fold greater populations of cells per milliliter. Avidin specifically inhibited the biotin stimulation of nitrite utilization at an avidin-biotin ratio of 133:1. Incubation of the four strains of N. agilis at 37 C imposed a requirement for biotin that could be met by daily addition of 150 mμg of the vitamin per ml of medium. The stimulatory effects of the vitamin at 30 C suggest that in N. agilis the synthesis of biotin is rate-limiting for growth.
Tools for preventive software maintenance

Tools for preventive maintenance of software which is written following the object-oriented paradigm are discussed. A set of guidelines, called the Law of Demeter is described, and its implications for software maintenance are discussed (K.J. Lieberherr, I. Holland, 1989). The advantages of grammar-based object-oriented design and programming for software maintenance are discussed. Two kinds of grammar-based maintenance tool are studied: class evolution tools, especially an automatic class parameterization tool and growth plan tools with applications to software maintenance planning and regression testing. >
Catalytic Properties of Oligomeric α-Chymotrypsin

Abstract The α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the p-nitroanilides of glutaryl- and succinyl-l-phenylalanine and of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine has been studied over a range of enzyme concentrations in which the percentage of monomer decreases from more than 99.8% to less than 34%. The measurements were made at 22.5° and pH 6.2 in 0.2 m ionic strength phosphate buffer, so that the results of an ultracentrifuge study of α-chymotrypsin oligomerization (Rao, M. S. N., and Kegeles, G., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 80, 5724 (1958)) could be used to calculate the distribution of the enzyme among monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric forms. The hydrolysis of all three substrates was found to be first order in substrate concentration and first order in monomer concentration. Within experimental error, second order rate constants deduced from stopped flow measurements at high enzyme concentrations by assuming that oligomers are inactive were found to equal those derived from the effect of substrate concentration on catalysis by monomeric α-chymotrypsin. The simplest interpretation of the results of this study is that only monomeric α-chymotrypsin is catalytically active. This conclusion contradicts an earlier report (Inagami, T., and Sturtevant, J. M., Biochemistry, 4, 1330 (1965)) that oligomers must be assumed active in the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine p-nitroanilide.
Collective doorway configurations in 49Ca through neutron scattering on 48Ca.

Differential cross sections for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering from $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ are reported. Presently measured cross sections are for an incident energy of 7.97 MeV. These differential cross sections, total cross sections from 80 keV to 20 MeV, and other scattering observables are combined into a single coupled-channels analysis that shows the strong coupling between the ground state of $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ and collective excited levels. This analysis shows the role of core collective excitations in an unusual way, through the resonances below 3 MeV scattering energy caused by virtual excitations to closed scattering channels. The same channels are open at an incident neutron energy of 7.97 MeV, and inelastic scattering is studied there to see the correspondence between coupling strengths as manifested in inelastic scattering cross sections as opposed to those manifested in resonance strengths. The main features of the experimental intermediate resonance strength distributions are well represented in the model. Single-particle amplitudes coupled with the $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ core states determine the nuclear configurations important in $^{49}\mathrm{Ca}$ at excitation energies near the neutron separation energy.
Rhetorics of Invitation and Refusal in Terry Tempest Williams's The Open Space of Democracy

This essay aims to break through an impasse in scholarship about the uses and limits of invitational rhetoric for social change. After analyzing the arguments about invitational approaches to communication, the essay focuses on a case (concerning freedom of expression after September 11) wherein invitations to listen have been refused. In examining the refusal stage of the invitational encounter, I find that what interlocutors chose to do after being refused is as important as the gesture of invitation itself. The choice to publicize refusals to listen, for example, reveals previously unconsidered ways that invitational rhetoric succeeds in getting marginalized points of view heard, and reinvigorating democratic practice. Using the example of Terry Tempest Williams's book The Open Space of Democracy, the online journal she kept during her book tour, and student activism surrounding her campus visit at Florida Gulf State University, I examine ways out of binary constructions of rhetorical modes in their co...
p16 expression as a surrogate marker for HPV‐related oropharyngeal carcinoma: A guide for interpretative relevance and consistency

Recent studies of oropharyngeal carcinoma have reported remarkable correlation between integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) viral detection and p16 protein overexpression in tumor cells. These findings led to calls for the substitution of p16 expression for the more demanding HPV testing in clinical practice. The rationale for such practice is largely driven by the simplicity, low cost, and the feasibility of the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. There are, however, several caveats that need to be fully considered. These include the subjective nature of IHC evaluation, the variable mechanisms of p16 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the lack of scoring and interpretive criteria. This perspective addresses the conceptual and practical issues associated with the p16 expression analysis and provides a broad outline for its application and evaluation in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Computation of three-dimensional standing water waves

We develop a method for computing three-dimensional gravity-driven water waves, which we use to search for time-periodic standing wave solutions. We simulate an inviscid, irrotational, incompressible fluid bounded below by a flat wall, and above by an evolving free surface. The computations make use of spectral derivatives on the surface, but also require computing a velocity potential in the bulk, which we carry out using a finite element method with fourth-order elements that are curved to match the free surface. This computationally expensive step is solved using a parallel multigrid algorithm, which is discussed in detail. Time-periodic solutions are searched for using a previously developed overdetermined shooting method. Several families of large-amplitude three-dimensional standing waves are found in both shallow and deep regimes, and their physical characteristics are examined and compared to previously known two-dimensional solutions.
Biology and Chemistry of Thrombopoietic Agents

Endogenous thrombopoietin (eTPO) regulates platelet production by increasing the number, ploidy, and maturation rate of bone marrow megakaryocytes. Early attempts to treat thrombocytopenia by the administration of recombinant TPO were successful but were complicated by the development of antibodies to one of the recombinant proteins. Two new TPO mimetics have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Romiplostim is a peptide TPO mimetic composed of an IgG Fc fragment to which are attached four 14-amino acid TPO peptides that activate the TPO receptor by binding to the extracytoplasmic domain just like eTPO. Romiplostim is administered as a weekly subcutaneous injection. Eltrombopag, a nonpeptide TPO mimetic, is a 442-d drug that binds to a transmembrane site on the TPO receptor and thereby activates it. It is administered daily as an oral tablet. Administration of both romiplostim and eltrombopag to healthy volunteers produced a dose-dependent rise in platelet count beginning on day 5 and peaking at days 12 to 15. Both have been highly effective in increasing the platelet count in patients with ITP and are currently being studied in the treatment of other thrombocytopenic conditions (myelodysplastic syndrome, chemotherapy, liver disease).
Reverse shear of shear bands and annealing embrittlement in amorphous alloy

Abstract Shear bands produced by bending before annealing could be reversed if isothermally annealed or continuously heated before the onset of embrittlement. The activation energy for the onset of embrittlement is 69–72 kcal/mol similar to that of crystallization, 67–68 kcal/mol, if the latter is evaluated at the same X-ray first peak height. The activation energy of crystallization based on Kissinger plots of DSC data is erroneous, since samples at the onset or peak of crystallization in the thermogram do not have similar X-ray first peak heights. It seems that whatever structural modification is inside the shear bands is stable during annealing until embrittlement and that the embrittlement is related to the incipience of crystallization.
A Preliminary Analysis of Associations among Ethnic-Racial Socialization, Ethnic Discrimination, and Ethnic Identity among Urban Sixth Graders.

Drawing from cultural ecological models of adolescent development, the present research investigates how early adolescents received ethnic–racial socialization from parents as well as how experiences of ethnic and racial discrimination are associated with their ethnic identity (i.e., centrality, private regard, and public regard). Data for this study were drawn from a multimethod study of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse early adolescents in three mid- to high-achieving schools in New York City. After accounting for the influences of race/ethnicity, social class, gender, immigrant status, and self-esteem, parental ethnic–racial socialization was associated with higher levels of ethnic centrality (i.e., the extent to which youth identify themselves in terms of their group), more positive private regard (i.e., feelings about one's own ethnic group), and public regard (i.e., perceptions of other people's perceptions of their ethnic group). Ethnic discrimination from adults at school and from peers was associated with more negative perceptions of one's ethnic group (i.e., public regard). In addition, the association of ethnic–racial parent socialization and ethnic identity beliefs was stronger for those who reported higher levels of adult discrimination. Results highlight key ways in which ethnic identity may be shaped by the social ecologies in which adolescents are embedded.
Radius of convergence of a power series

We derive two simple and memorizable formulas for the radius of convergence of a power series which seem to be appropriate for teaching in an introductory calculus course.
Capacitance studies of synthetic phospholipid Langmuir films

Abstract Synthetic phosphatidylcholine Langmuir films have been incorporated into metal—insulator—metal (MIM) thin film junctions. The capacitance characteristics of these junctions have been studied as a function of temperature, the number of lipid layers in the insulating layer, and the length of the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid molecule. The thickness of the oxide layer on the base aluminum electrode has been determined to be ⩾ 11 A, and its effects on the capacitance characteristics have been considered in some detail. Indications of phase transitions in the temperature dependence of the capacitance imply that the basic lamellar arrangement of the lipid molecules is retained even after the samples are subjected to a dehydrating vacuum annealing process. An examination of the effects of varying the hydrocarbon chain length and salt content of the subphase during sample fabrication showed that capacitance characteristics of the MIM junction are very sensitive to small structural changes in the insulating layer.
Ego Development and Trait Models of Personality

(1993). Ego Development and Trait Models of Personality. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 20-23.
Methodological and theoretical issues in neuropsychological assessment

While there are philosophical and theoretical differences between neuropsychologists and behavior therapists, it is suggested that a significant reconciliation can be achieved in regard to assessment and treatment of the brain-damaged patient. While brain damage is often viewed as an irreversible disorder, there is evidence that substantial recovery of function can occur, particularly when adequate retraining is provided. There are practical and empirical considerations that suggest that neuropsychological tests are currently the best tools available for behavioral assessment of brain-damaged patients. However, the results of these tests can be used not only diagnostically but also to identify target behavioral deficits that may be rehabilitated through systematic retraining efforts. Such rehabilitation efforts can be optimally planned, implemented, and evaluated through an alliance between the neuropsychologist, who identifies the ability and deficit pattern, and the behavior therapist, who devises and evaluates the retraining program. It is possible that the successes of behavior therapy in numerous clinical and educational applications can be repeated in the cases of brain-damaged patients. However, such success would appear to be contingent on appreciation of the high degree of specificity often seen in neurological deficit patterns and the great complexities involved in the relationships between brain function and behavior.
Median correlation for the analysis of gene expression data

Microarray technology is revolutionizing functional genomics research by allowing scientists to measure the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously from a single sample. However, a standard protocol for microarray data analysis has yet to be established. Many analysis techniques currently rely on linear correlation between pairs of genes. Such analysis only detects relationships in signal components exhibiting Gaussian correlation statistics. This paper focuses on determining the relationships between gene patterns based on a hierarchical clustering of nonlinear correlation measurements. The methods described herein are illustrated with gene expression data from yeast, and from human cancer cell lines. The results indicate that in some cases, improved clustering of genes can be achieved by the use of nonlinear correlation metrics.
The Ultracentrifugation of the Proteins of Cucumber Viruses 3 and 4

CUCUMBER mosaic viruses 3 and 4 of Ainsworth1 have many properties in common with tobacco mosaic virus, in spite of the fact that they do not cause disease when inoculated to tobacco plants. They are sufficiently stable so that their virus proteins have been isolated chemically2 ; these proteins resemble the tobacco mosaic virus protein in optical characteristics when in solution, in high inactivation temperatures, in the X-ray diffraction patterns3 they produce, and in serological reactions. We have carried through ultracentrifugal isolations of the cucumber virus proteins and have found that they are also like tobacco mosaic virus protein in sedimentation rates.
QED corrections to Planck's radiation law and photon thermodynamics

Leading corrections to Planck's radiation formula and other photon thermodynamic functions arising from the pair-mediated photon-photon interaction are calculated. This interaction is found to be attractive and to cause a small increase in occupation number for all modes and a corresponding correction to the equation of state. The results are valid for the range of temperatures well below [ital T][sub [ital e]]=5.9 GK, the temperature equivalent to the electron mass, a range for which the photon gas is essentially free of pair-produced electrons and positrons. An interesting effect of these corrections is the behavior of the photon gas as an elastic medium and its ability to propagate density perturbations. It is found that the cosmic photon gas subsequent to electron-positron annihilation would have manifested these elastic properties were it not for the presence of the free electrons and their dominance of the photon thermodynamics.
Complex formation of uracil, 2'-deoxyuridine and their 5-halogenated derivatives.

Abstract The formation of the complexes of uracil, 5-iodouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-fluorouracil, and their 2′-deoxyuridines with Ni2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ have been studied potentiometrically. For Cu2+ and Ag+ complexes, specific electrodes coupled with specific ion meter have been used. The stability constants of these complexes have been determined. Moreover, experiments were carried out with various metal ion concentrations to test the possibility of formation of polynuclear complexes. A 1:1 salt-like complex is found for all the uracils and their 2′-deoxyuridines with Ni2+, Cu2+ and Ag+. The binding strengths of the metal ions are in the following order: Ag + >Cu 2+ >Ni 2+ . Generally, the lower the stability constant of the complexes, the higher is the negativity of the 5-substituents. The natural nucleic acid components form stronger complexes than their halogenated derivatives; hence, chelation of the metal ions with the 5-halogen and 4-carbonyl group could be eliminated from consideration. Since the stability constants of uracils are comparable to those of their corresponding deoxyuridines, the N-1 of which is bonded to a sugar molecule, the complexing site appears to be N-3. Moreover, the fact that complex formation is accomplished by the release of a H+, and there is an available H+ on N-3 in both the uracils and their deoxyuridines, makes N-3 as a complexing site most plausible.
Molekulare gleichgewichte in brom- und methoxypolymethylsiloxanen

Die durch den Austausch von Bromatomen mit Methoxylgruppen und mit bruckenbildenden Sauerstoffatomen an Methylsiliciumgruppen entstehenden Gleichgewichte wurden mittels NMR-Messungen untersucht. Die Gleichgewichtsgemische wurden aus Methyltribromsilan und Methyltrimethoxysilan durch einfachen Substituentenaustausch und auch durch Kondensationsreaktionen, die unter Bildung von Methylbromid ablaufen, dargestellt. Bevor jedoch Kondensation zu Si–O–Si-Bindungen stattfindet, stellt sich ein Gleichgewichtszustand zwischen der Gesamtheit der Molekule der allgemeinen Formel. ein, mit i = 0, 1, 2 und 3. Durch Verwendung eines Uberschusses eines der beiden Ausgangsmaterialien, CH3SiBr3 oder CH3Si(OCH3)3 erhalt man unter stochiometrischer Bildung von Methylbromid Polymethylsiloxane mit endstandigen Bromatomen oder Methoxylgruppen. Die experimentellen Daten fur diese beiden Systeme wurden im Sinne von je zwei Gleichgewichtskonstanten ausgewertet. Berechnungen ergaben, das am Gleichgewichtszustand keine oder nur sehr geringe Mengen cyclischer Molekule beteiligt sind. Equilibria resulting from exchange of bromine atoms or methoxyl groups with each other and with bridging oxygen atoms on the methylsilicon moiety have been studied by proton NMR. The various compositions studied were prepared from methyltribromosilane and methyltrimethoxysilane by simple scrambling and by condensation reactions involving formation of methyl bromide. Before Si–O–Si condensation takes place through formation of methyl bromide, an equilibrium is set up between the various molecules with i = 0, 1, 2, and 3. By having an excess over the equimolar mixture of either of the initial reagents, CH3SiBr3 or CH3Si(OCH3)3, the poly(methylsiloxane) molecules resulting from the stoichiometric formation of methyl bromide are terminated with either bromo or methoxyl groups. The experimental data for either the bromo- or methoxy-substituted systems have been evaluated in terms of two equilibrium constants. Calculations indicate that at equilibrium there are no or only small amounts of cyclic molecules present.
Tiphiidae wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae)

The tiphiid wasp fauna of Madagascar consists of 28 endemic species, including 12 species of Anthobosca (Anthoboscinae), nine species of Methocha (Methochinae), two species of Tiphia (Tiphiinae) and in the Myzininae three species of Meria, eight species of Mesa and two species of Myzinella. Seven species of Methocha, arcuata, depressa, flavipalpus, impunctata, nasiformis, robusta and strigosa, and one species of Myzinella, minima, are described as new. All of the genera are shared with mainland Africa.
Large loss of visual sensitivity to flashed peripheral targets

Abstract Threshold measurements of flashed peripheral test spots are shown to be affected by continuing presentation. With repeated presentations of a tiny test flash, thresholds rose progressively, sometimes reaching more than 10 times the initial value. This large loss in sensitivity is not simply due to retinal light adaptation. Habituation to repetitive stimulation proceeds more rapidly with frequent flash presentation but is still conspicuous when flashes occur every 2–3 sec. With 15 min of rapid flash presentation, there is an initial sharp recovery in sensitivity after which there remains some loss of sensitivity even after 35 min. Habituation occurs within both rod and cone systems and transfers between them. The effect is specific to the size and spatial frequency, but not the orientation, of the habituating stimulus.
Looking Inward: The impact of race, ethnicity, gender, and social class background on teaching sociocultural theory in education

In this paper I examine how and to what extent various elements of my biography—race, ethnicity, gender, age, social class background, and prior personal and professional experiences—influenced my relationships with students in a graduate course examining the impact of race, gender, and social class on education. My lived experiences as an immigrant woman of color in United States society and my prior professional experiences as an urban teacher are shown to have strengthened my expertise and confidence in teaching this course. Nevertheless, experience confirmed my initial concerns that my race, gender, and social class background negatively influenced some students' perceptions of my teaching competence and position of authority in the classroom. The paper concludes with recommendations for teacher education, including encouraging teachers to continuously engage the question of how their biographies shape their pedagogies and relationships with students, an important undertaking as our schooling populati...
Challenges in Designing Human-Animal Interaction Research:

This article addresses challenges in designing Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) research. A summary of previous reviews of HAI research is presented, followed by a discussion of areas that present particular challenges to research in this field, specifically design issues, control of extraneous variables, sample selection, intervention development, and outcome measurement. Suggestions for addressing these areas also are presented.
Decidualized endometrioma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report with immunocytochemical confirmation.

Endometriosis is defined as ectopic endometrial tissue which can respond to hormonal stimulation. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare pathologic entity that can represent a clinical diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a decidualized endometrioma in a 24-year old pregnant African American woman diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry using CD10, ER, and Calretinin. The awareness of the pathologist of the cytologic characteristics of this uncommon entity is important to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and unnecessary diagnostic interventions during pregnancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Eating Spirit: Food, Faith, and Spiritual Nourishment in the Lives of Green Sisters

This article examines the spiritual and moral significance of foodways to a growing movement of ecologically minded Roman Catholic women religious ( green sisters ) in North America. The author contends that, despite their exclusion from official positions of leadership within the hierarchical church, green sisters demonstrate their efficacy as active producers and shapers of religious culture at the grassroots level. Drawing ‘ingredients’ from cultural movements in American environmentalism, feminism, and social reform, adding to these heritage elements from Catholic vowed religious life as well as elements from their own creative theological imaginations, these women are devising recipes for a more ecologically and spiritually nourishing religious culture. Ultimately, green sisters’ decisions about appropriate food choice, the rituals of food preparation, and the rituals of honoring and consuming food bring the sacred vows of religious life into a new context—one in which mindful cooking and eating become indispensably part of a daily ecologically sustainable spiritual practice. This practice is premised on a vision of the human as not separate from but fundamentally a part of the larger life community.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazidogallane and a gallium hydrazide with two Ga2N2 rings bridged by two NNMe2 ligands

Volatile, thermally robust 1,1-dimethylhydrazidogallane, [H2GaN(H)NMe2]21 has been synthesized from the reaction of H3Ga(NMe3) with H2NNMe2, whereas reaction of compound 1 with an excess of H2NNMe2 at elevated temperature afforded a gallium hydrazide derivative, Ga4[N(H)NMe2]8(NNMe2)2 2, which possessed a novel structure of two Ga2N2 rings bridged by NNMe2 groups.
Corneocyte Counts for Evaluation of Antiseborrheic Shampoos in Dogs

— An objective method for measuring corneocyte numbers before and after antiseborrheic shampoo therapy was assessed in dogs. Corneocytes were collected from six skin regions on the dorsal trunk of nine colony-raised beagles with clinically normal skin. Forty-eight collection sites were randomly assigned a treatment with one of seven medicated shampoos or water alone; six additional sites served as non-treated controls. Corneocytes were collected immediately before the first treatment, and 14 and 28 days after initiation of therapy with a 0.1% Tween 80 surfactant and a quantitative cup-scrub technique. Pretreatment corneocyte counts were not significantly different among the nine dogs nor among the randomly assigned treatment and control sites (3.55 · 104 cells.cm-2, SEM 0.17). Corneocyte counts increased in all treatment and control sites from days 0 to 14. Corneocyte counts were similar in the non-treated and water-treated sites from days 14 to 28. Corneocyte counts were not significantly different when the same treatments were compared on days 0, 14 and 28, or when different treatments were compared on the same day. The corneocyte collection technique used in this study proved to be a reliable method for assessing the rate of cell desquamation and cell surface cohesion in dogs.
Resonance Raman and time-resolved resonance Raman studies of ruthenium(II) complexes of 2,2′-bipyridine and 5-monomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine. Evidence for polarization of the 3MLCT state electron density in the asymmetric ligand

The resonance Raman and time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectra of ruthenium(II) complexes containing the asymmetric (RR)(5-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine) ligand, Ru(5-mmb), and its methyl-deuterated analogue, Ru(5-d3-mmb), are reported. The spectra are compared to those of tris(2, 2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), Ru(bpy), and tris(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), Ru(5,5′-dmb), and its deuterated analogue, Ru(5,5′-d6-dmb). The ground-state spectrum for the asymmetric chelate is interpretable in terms of vibrationally isolated fragments with the exception of the modes involving the inter-ring and adjacent bonds. In addition, the TR1 spectra are shown to be consistent with slight polarization of the (triplet) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer, 3MLCT, excited-state charge distribution toward the pyridinc fragment of the chelated anion.
Development of Cell Cycle Active Drugs for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers: A New Approach to Cancer Therapy

The cell cycle represents a series of tightly integrated events that allow the cell to grow and proliferate. An essential part of the cell cycle machinery is the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). When activated, the CDKs provide a means for the cell to move from one phase of the cell cycle to the next (G1 to S or G2 to M). The cell cycle serves to protect the cell from genotoxic stress. In the setting of DNA damage, the CDKs are inhibited and the cell undergoes cell-cycle arrest. This provides the cell the opportunity to repair its own damaged DNA before it resumes cell proliferation. If a cell continues to cycle with its damaged DNA intact, the apoptotic machinery is triggered and the cell will undergo apoptosis. In essence, cell cycle arrest at these critical checkpoints represents a survival mechanism, which provides the tumor cell the opportunity to escape the effects of lethal DNA damage induced by chemotherapy. Over the past several years, a series of new targeted agents has been developed that promote apoptosis of DNA damaged tumor cells either during cell cycle arrest or following premature cell cycle checkpoint exit, such that tumor cells re-enter the cell cycle before DNA repair is complete. An understanding of the cell cycle and its relationship to p53 are critical for the successful clinical development of these agents for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Effect of photosensitizer riboflavin on the fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a freshwater environment.

The effect of riboflavin (1 μM) on the fate of TNT (20 mg/l) in a natural water environment was studied. The relative contribution of photolysis, microbial assemblages and freshwater matrix to TNT degradation was examined. The rates, extent and products of TNT and riboflavin transformation were compared under different experimental conditions. It was found that riboflavin significantly enhanced the degradation of TNT in natural water environment. Thus it is a potentially useful photosensitizing agent for the treatment of TNT-contaminated surface water. Furthermore, in the presence of riboflavin, two new intermediates with max. absorption wavelength of 230 nm were found, demonstrating that transformation of TNT in the presence of riboflavin undergoes different pathways.
Detection of peripheral vascular disease using the Duplex Scanner III.

Abstract Ultrasound provides a convenient means for the clinical evaluation of both the anatomy and the blood velocity patterns in large peripheral blood vessels. Continued development of ultrasound techniques has reached the point of providing useful diagnostic information in a routine fashion. This paper describes the Duplex Scanner III, which provides B -mode images of vascular anatomy combined with a pulsed 5 MHz Doppler to analyze blood flow within those vessels imaged. Improvements over the Duplex Scanner II include: increased scan head reliability; additional operating features and processing techniques to more accurately evaluate anatomy and blood flow characteristics; and display and recording techniques to facilitate clinical use.
Control of social desirability in personality inventories: Principal-factor deletion

Abstract Rational and statistical techniques for controlling social desirability (SD) in scales derived from self-report inventories are reviewed. The principal-factor deletion technique is explained in detail. It is applied during factor analysis when derived content scales are expected to be tainted with SD. If one principal factor is found to represent social desirability, the implicated factor is dropped and the communalities adjusted before the remaining factors are rotated to a desired simple structure criterion. Subscales derived from resulting factors are free of SD bias. Principal-factor deletion is compared with other approaches including rational techniques, covariate procedures, and target rotation.
Systemic therapy for bladder cancer – a medical oncologist’s perspective

Advanced bladder cancer, both muscle-invasive localized disease and metastatic disease, is managed with systemic chemotherapy. Cisplatin-based multi-agent chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for systemic therapy. MVAC (methotrexate-vinblastine-doxorubicin-cisplatin) has been most rigorously studied, both neoadjuvantly and for palliation of metastatic disease. For metastatic disease, cisplatin-gemcitabine (GC) has compared favorably to MVAC due to improved tolerability with similar efficacy. GC has been adopted as standard therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer improves survival among those patients eligible to receive cisplatin. Adjuvant chemotherapy is difficult to administer effectively given morbidity of radical cystectomy, and studies have shown mixed results about its benefit. Non-cisplatin regimens have been investigated but remain experimental and reserved for those not candidates for cisplatin in the metastatic setting. While multiple agents have been studied after metastatic disease progression after cisplatin-based therapy, there remain no FDA-approved therapies for the second line. Future trials with anti-VEGF therapy and immunotherapy are actively being investigated. This review examines the systemic therapy available to oncologists with current evidence and future directions.
Virginia Railroad Development, 1845‐1860

(1947). Virginia Railroad Development, 1845‐1860. The Historian: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 43-62.
Reexamining the Near-Core Radial Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Primary Circulation: Implications for Vortex Resiliency

Abstract Recent theoretical studies, based on vortex Rossby wave (VRW) dynamics, have established the importance of the radial structure of the primary circulation in the response of tropical cyclone (TC)–like vortices to ambient vertical wind shear. Linear VRW theory suggests, in particular, that the degree of broadness of the primary circulation in the near-core region beyond the radius of maximum wind strongly influences whether a tilted TC vortex will realign and resist vertical shear or tilt over and shear apart. Fully nonlinear numerical simulations have verified that the vortex resiliency is indeed sensitive to the initial radial structure of the idealized vortex. This raises the question of how well the “true” nature of a TC’s primary circulation is represented by idealized vortices that are commonly used in some theoretical studies. In this paper the swirling wind structure of TCs is reexamined by utilizing flight-level observations collected from Atlantic and eastern Pacific storms during 1977–2...
Preparation and properties of soybean ribonuclease.

Abstract A ribonuclease has been partially purified from soybean sprouts. Purine and pyrimidine nucleoside 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates and 3′-mononucleotides are produced by its action on RNA. Adenosine 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate is cleaved to the 3′-nucleotide but cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides were not acted upon by the enzyme. Soluble RNA is less readily hydrolyzed than is more highly polymerized RNA. Polynucleotide material remaining after 85% hydrolysis of the soluble RNA was found to contain the bulk of the base-methylated nucleotides originally present in the soluble RNA.
Babel y Barroco: «Hablar en lenguas» y otras manifestaciones teolingüísticas áureas

Since the linguistic fragmentation that occurred after the attempt to reach God itself through the Babel tower, man has tried to reinvent a universal communication code. In the era when Spanish was the language of exchange in both Europe and America, the linguistic manifestations linked to theology turn out to be confusing and interferential. This article explores some of the ways these incoherences take place in Golden Age religious literature.
Predicting Absolute and Site Specific Acidities for Zeolite Catalysts by a Combined Quantum Mechanics/Interatomic Potential Function Approach†

The approach used describes the Bronsted site by the Hartree−Fock method and a T(O)DZP basis set, while the periodic zeolite framework and the interaction between the active site and the framework are described by a shell model potential parametrized on the same type of ab initio data for cluster models. It is capable of reproducing the effect of the crystallographic position and of different framework structures on the properties and reactivity of zeolitic Bronsted sites. For H-faujasite (Si/Al = 47) protonation of all four crystallographically different oxygen positons is considered. In agreement with experiment protonation on O(1) and O(3) is preferred. For the orthorhombic form of H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 95) protonation of the Al(7)−O(17)H−Si(4) site proves more stable than protonation at the Al(12)−O(24)−Si(12) site located at the channel intersection. In agreement with experiments, the OH vibrational frequency is predicted to decrease according to O(1)H-FAU > H-ZSM-5 > O(3)H-FAU, and the 1H NMR chemical sh...
The contemporary anthropogenic chromium cycle.

Chromium is an essential engineering metal used in stainless and alloy steels, chemicals, and refractory products. Using material flow analysis, all major anthropogenic chromium flows are characterized for the year 2000, from mining through discard, on three spatial levels: fifty-four countries, nine world regions, and the planet. Included is the first detailed quantification of chromium in internationally traded finished products and diverse waste streams. Findings include (1) 78% of chromium flow entering final use is added as a net addition to stock on the global level; most countries are close to this figure; (2) the majority of mining occurs in Africa (2400 Gg Cr/yr) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (1090 Gg Cr/yr), while the major end-users are Asia, Europe, and North America at 1150, 1140, and 751 Gg Cr/yr, respectively; (3) waste flows of chromium are the greatest in Europe (420 Gg Cr/yr), Asia (370 Gg Cr/yr), and North America (290 Gg Cr/yr), but the composition of these waste flows va...