cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reception and Impact: The First Decade of Nietzsche in Germany

The initial criticism of Nietzsche's philosophy emerged in an atmosphere of tension between George Brandes and Ola Hansson. Once the race to introduce Nietzsche to German readrs had begun, the Scandinvians were soon followed by German critics whose partisan essays appeared in such journals as die Freie Buhne, wherein efforts were made to link Nietzsche's ideas to Naturalismus. Owing to the aestheitc precepts of Naturalismus, Nietzsche's influence on the drama of the period could only be reflected in diluted form. The critical reception ranged from unqualified approval (Ola Hansson, Albrecht Schutze) to fierce rejection (Johannes Schlaf). The refined efforts of Brandes in his essay on Aristocratic Radicalism seemed to be overlooked in favor of more spectacular Nietzschean concepts (der Ubermensch, die Herrenmoral). Confusion also existed among critics who insisted on linking Nietzsche's ideas to earlier schools of thought (Georg Adler, Joseph Diner). During the last decade of the 19th century Nietzsche's reception therefore became polarized, and his ideas popularized. In terms of literary impact, foreign writers such as Strindberg more readily adopted Nietzsche than such authors as Hauptmann.
Visual and Participatory Research Methods for the Development of Health Messages for Underserved Populations

Mass communication health campaign messages play critical roles in public health, yet studies show mixed effectiveness in reaching and impacting underserved populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of using visual and participatory research techniques toward health message development targeting older Hispanic women. Demographic information and levels of physical activity were first obtained in a sample of older Mexican women (n = 23; ages 71.9 ± 7.6 years) living in the city of Chicago. Perceptions of physical activity were then assessed using a visual research method known as photo-elicitation. Health message concepts promoting physical activity were developed with a subsample of the target population using a participatory approach. Photo-elicitation helped develop a unique understanding into the many factors impacting physical activity among older Mexican women. Follow-up in-depth interviews provided detailed narratives that (a) built upon visual data and (b) identified charac...
Diagnostic advances in APUDomas and other endocrine tumors: imaging and localization

The different diagnostic imaging modalities available for determining the location of the various APUDomas are discussed with reference to their advantages and disadvantages. The ability to image these lesions, and to be confident in their role in the underlying pathophysiology, and clinical neuroendocrine syndrome causing symptomatology and illness, has proved to be the key to successful treatment. In many instances it is not the diagnosis that is in question, but it is the extent of disease, the location of the lesion, or whether the anatomical abnormality under study is responsible for the complicating symptoms being considered, that are the crucial questions. The ability to locate APUDomas by a variety of direct and indirect imaging or regionalizing modalities, represent a magnificent advance in the management of these tumors. It should, however, be kept in mind that no one modality or diagnostic method can uniformly be relied upon. It is evident that a multimodal, interactive medical team approach is essential to the successful overall management of patients afflicted with these fascinating tumors.
Brain manganese, catecholamine turnover, and the development of startle in rats prenatally exposed to manganese

Manganese (Mn) can be neurotoxic when present in high concentrations. Neonatal animals show differential absorption, accumulation, and excretion of Mn relative to adults. If similar kinetic differences exist during gestation, then fetal animals may be susceptible to Mn neurotoxicity. The objective of this study was to examine maternal-fetal Mn transfer and the susceptibility of prenatal animals to Mn neurotoxicity. This was approached by studying the ability of Mn to cross the placenta and reach the fetal central nervous system using radiotracer and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Manganese is thought to disrupt catecholamine neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This was examined in newborn rats by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine induced catecholamine turnover and the development of the acoustic startle response. The results suggest that there are limits on fetal Mn accumulation under conditions of both normal and excessive dietary Mn levels. Manganese accumulation in the fetal brain after exposure to increased dietary Mn does not alter either dopamine or norepinephrine turnover or the development of the acoustic startle response. Excess Mn does not appear to be neurotoxic to fetal rats in spite of its limited accumulation in nervous tissue after gestational exposure.
Factorization of the secular determinant by constants of the motion

A discussion of the factorization by constants of the motion of the secular equation is given and formulas are obtained which relate these factors to the traces of certain operators. These traces are independent of the specific basis in the vector space, and, hence, so are the factors of the secular equation. The results are also applied to the case of factoring by a finite symmetry group. On presente une discussion de la factorisation de l'equation seculaire a l'aide des constantes du mouvement, et on obtient des formules qui lient les facteurs resultants aux traces de certains operateurs. Ces traces-ci sont independantes de la base de l'espace vectoriel, ce qui implique que les facteurs de l'equation seculaire le sont aussi. Les resultats sont employes aussi au cas de factorisation a l'aide d'un groupe de symetrie fini. Es wurde eine Diskussion von der Faktorisierung der Sakulargleichung mittels der Bewegungskonstanten gegeben. Formeln wurden hergeleitet, die resultierenden Faktoren mit den Spuren gewisser Operatoren in Verbindung bringt. Die Spuren sind von der Basis des Vektorraums unabhangig und dafur haben auch die Faktoren der Sakulargleichung dieselbe Eigenschaft. Die Resultate wurden auch auf die Faktorisierung mittels einer endlichen Symmetriegruppe angewendet.
Inorganic Polyphosphates in the Acquisition of Competence in Escherichia coli

A complex of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Ca2+, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) was proposed as the membrane component responsible for competence for DNA entry in Escherichia coli (Reusch, R. N., and Sadoff, H. L.(1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, 4176-4180). While chemical and immunological assays and 1H NMR have unequivocally established the identity and content of PHB in the complex, comparable methods were not available for polyP. With specific enzyme assays developed for polyP, we have identified, in chloroform extracts of competent cell membranes, a novel form of polyP of about 60 to 70 residues in a stoichiometric ratio of PHB to polyP of 2:1. In E. coli mutants, incapable of synthesizing the predominant, thousand-long polyP chains, appearance of this short polyP and its inclusion in membranes can account for their capacity to develop competence and indicates an auxiliary pathway for polyP synthesis. A variety of fluorescent lipid probes demonstrate the appearance of extensive rigid domains in membranes of competent cells. We propose that the PHB·Ca2+·polyP complex perturbs the conformation of the lipid matrix, making it more permeable to charged molecules and thus allowing the entry of DNA.
Youth homelessness: prevention and intervention efforts in Psychology

In this paper, I review the prevention and intervention efforts addressing youth homelessness in the field of psychology between 1994 and 2004. Analyses of the literature revealed that the majority of papers including homeless youth as a population for study have focused on issues other than homelessness. These issues include HIV/AIDS and substance abuse prevention. Eleven journal articles addressing youth homelessness were reviewed. These articles focused on outcomes, interventions, and recommendations for clinical practice. Literature findings revealed that demographic variables did not predict outcomes for homeless youth; youth returning home with their parents have more positive outcomes than youth moving into other locations, emergency shelter services improve youth’s mental health and social condition, and services should be comprehensive and move beyond the individuals. Implications for community psychology, policy makers, and shelters are discussed.
The effect of low oxygen concentration on growth, glycolysis, and sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture.

Radiosulfate incorporation, DNA synthesis, and glycoiysis by rabbit articular chondrocytes and skin fibrocytes in monolayer culture were compared under different concentrations of oxygen (19, 6.8, 1.3, and 0.6%). Cell for cell, chondrocytes under each condition had higher levels of radiosulfate incorporation and glycolysis than did fibrocytes. Growth of the fibrocytes was reduced approximately 20% when the oxygen concentration was reduced to 6.8%, but that of chondrocytes was unaffected. A progressive Pasteur effect was observed with both cell types. Radiosulfate incorporation was reduced at low oxygen concentrations. The findings in this cell culture system are thus at variance with other published evidence that hypoxia is a major histogenetic force favoring chondrogenic expression.
On Exploiting Cooperative, Channel and Multiuser Diversities in Wireless Relay Networks

In this paper, we exploit cooperative diversity, channel diversity and multi-user diversity gains in an OFDMA-based wireless relay network by studying a joint channel and relay assignment problem. This problem turns out to be NP-hard. First, a mixed integer linear programming formulation is presented to provide optimal solutions. We then present a constant factor approximation algorithm and two heuristic algorithms to solve this problem in polynomial time. Extensive simulation results have been presented to justify the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Heat Gelation Properties of Actomyosin and Surimi Prepared from Atlantic Croaker

Comminuted mixtures of fish muscle (surimi) and salt undergo a sol-gel transformation when subjected to heat processing which is responsible for the textural characteristics of fabricated imitation shellfish meats. Upon “setting” a fish muscle sol at temperatures below those conventionally used for heat processing meat products, a fine translucent gel network is formed which imparts strength and resiliency to the subsequently cooked gel product. Increased firmness and opacity, as well as some loss in cohesiveness, were noted upon processing surimi sols at higher temperatures. The low temperature “setting” property of fish proteins necessitates rapid forming or extrusion of the product prior to the initiation of network formation to insure a firm texture in the final product.
A methodology for cost-benefit analysis of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in various highway applications

The purpose of this study is to determine which utilisation of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in various roadway applications is the most cost efficient. Using a method developed by the National Asphalt Pavement Association, a system was devised to assess the costs and benefits of using RAP in hot plant mix. A similar process was developed to evaluate the value of using RAP in gravel roads and bases. The system normalises all of the costs and benefits into savings per tonne of RAP as a means of equal comparison. Factors such as savings from dust loss, layer coefficients, haul and decreased need of virgin aggregates were taken into account. Finally, a case study was conducted using these three different applications. Such analysis can be used by other agencies interested in identifying the most cost-effective methods for using RAP in roadway construction.
Ralf Dahrendorf on citizenship and life chances

Lord Dahrendorf died in Cologne on 17 June 2009. Born in Hamburg, he had enjoyed a long and remarkable career. As a teenager he was sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp, from which he emerged,...
Implementing a Science-Based Interdisciplinary Curriculum in the Second Grade: A Community of Practice in Action.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role that a collaborative teaching approach, referred to as a community of practice (CoP), had on a team of four second grade teachers’ implementation of a science-based interdisciplinary curriculum. Data was collected in the form of extensive observation notes gathered over 10-weeks of twice weekly team meetings and two 45 minute interviews with each participant. From the field notes developed two vignettes for the purpose of illustrating the members CoP in action. Combining my analysis of the vignettes and the interviews resulted in three emergent themes: 1) benefits, 2) contributions, and 3) their commitment to professional development. From this study I learned that establishing a CoP was viewed as a necessary component of the team’s implementation of their science-based interdisciplinary curriculum. Implications for encouraging preservice and inservice elementary teachers to develop CoPs to support science teaching, specifically interdisciplinary teaching, are discussed.
A Search for Temporal Variations in Station Terms in Southern California from 1984 to 2002

We use relative arrival times and locations for similar earthquake pairs that are found using a cross-correlation method to analyze the time dependence of P and S station terms in southern California from 1984 to 2002. We examine 494 similar event clusters recorded by Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) stations and compute absolute arrival-time variations from the differential arrival-time resi- duals obtained following event relocation. We compute station terms from the robust means of the absolute arrival-time residuals from all events recorded by each station at 3-month intervals. We observe nine stations with abrupt offsets in timing of 20- 70 msec, which are likely caused by equipment changes during our study period. Taking these changes into account could improve the relative location accuracy for some of the event clusters. For other stations, we generally do not see systematic temporal variations greater than about 10 msec. Analysis of residuals along individual ray paths does not reveal any clear localized regions of apparent velocity changes at depth. These results limit large-scale, long-lasting temporal variations in P and S ve- locities across southern California during this time period to less than about � 0:2%. However, there is an increased fraction of individual travel-time residuals exceeding 20 msec immediately following major earthquakes from source regions near the main- shock rupture.
Diabetic nephropathy: fault or destiny?

Twenty-one young onset Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetics who developed severe diabetic nephropathy after 14.5±3.3 years (mean ± SD) and 21 age and sex matched Type 1 diabetics without evidence of nephropathy after more than 32 years of disease were compared with particular reference to body build, insulin requirements, stability of diabetes, heart rate and blood pressure before the development of nephropathy. Attempts were made to evaluate the quality of metabolic control during the first 20 years of diabetes from more than 1,600 out-patient measurements of blood and urinary glucose in each group. The renal tubular reabsorption capacity for glucose was calculated in both groups. No differences between the two groups were found for any of the parameters examined, except that the frequency of ketoacidosis was higher in the patients who developed nephropathy. It is concluded that many Type 1 diabetics seem to be protected against the deleterious effect of diabetes on the kidney. The nature of the protecting factors is unknown.
False recognition of emotional word lists in aging and Alzheimer disease.

Objective: To examine 3 different aspects of the emotional memory effect in aging and Alzheimer disease (AD): itemspecific recollection, gist memory, and recognition response bias. Method: Younger adults, older adults, and patients with AD performed a false recognition memory test in which participants were tested on ‘‘lure’’ items that were not seen at study, but were semantically related to the study items. Participants were tested on 5 emotional and 5 non-emotional lists. Results: In addition to finding an increase in true recognition for emotional versus non-emotional items in healthy younger and older adults but not in patients with AD, and confirming that emotional items led younger adults to shift their response bias to a more liberal one, 3 novel findings were observed. First, the emotional effect on response bias was also observed in healthy older adults. Second, the opposite emotional effect on response bias was observed in patients with AD. Third, emotional items did not lead to an improvement in item-specific recollection or gist memory. Conclusions: Although healthy older adults show the normal amygdala-modulated criterion shift for emotional items— influencing their subjective feeling that information has been previously encountered, the amygdala pathology present in early AD may disrupt this influence.
Pricing of End-of-Life Items with Obsolescence

Variability in the inflow of end-of-life (EOL) products and fluctuating inventory levels often make the processing of EOL products an economically risky operation for product recovery facilities (PRFs). Choosing an appropriate pricing policy can enhance the performance of PRFs by methodically clearing their inventory and increasing profits. This work presents two pricing models to counter the prospect of product obsolescence that can happen either gradually or suddenly. Product obsolescence can cause demand drop and inventory pile up, both of which could dent the revenues of PRFs. In the first model, gradual obsolescence and environmental regulations that limit the disposal quantity in landfills are considered. In the second model, the case of sudden obsolescence is addressed. Examples are presented to illustrate the pricing strategies for each model
Face recognition for target detection on PCA features with outlier information

This work addresses face recognition for detecting a small and particular set of individuals over a huge population of people. A new approach is developed which uses training samples of both target classes and non-target outliers. Two-stage principal component analysis (PCA) schemes are proposed for flexible feature extraction. Experimental results reveal that the new approach improves the accurate rate of detection significantly.
Web of things: readiness and applications from a business and consumer perspective

Web of things WoT is attractive in business applications and has been studied in a variety of areas, but its widespread adoption has not yet come. In this paper we focus on the readiness and potential applications of WoT from a business and consumer perspective. We have identified some outstanding issues that affect WoT's wide application in business and consumer markets. We provide some use cases to illustrate the viable potential of applying WoT in different business fields and highlight the importance of solving those outstanding issues. Finally, we offer ideas for potential avenues to overcome some of the challenges presented and suggest guidelines that businesses should consider when contemplating WoT adoption.
Small-scale structure formation properties of chilled sterile neutrinos as dark matter

We calculate the free-streaming length and the phase space density of dark-matter sterile neutrinos produced from decays, at the electroweak scale, of a gauge singlet in the Higgs sector. These quantities, which depend on the dark-matter production mechanism, are relevant to the study of small-scale structure formation and may be used to constrain or rule out dark-matter candidates.
Minimum energy to send k bits with and without feedback

The question of minimum achievable energy per bit over memoryless channels has been previously addressed in the limit of number of information bits going to infinity, in which case it is known that availability of noiseless feedback does not lower the minimum energy per bit. This paper analyzes the behavior of the minimum energy per bit for memoryless Gaussian channels as a function of the number of information bits. It is demonstrated that in this non-asymptotic regime, noiseless feedback leads to significantly better energy efficiency. A feedback coding scheme with zero probability of block error and finite energy per bit is constructed. For both achievability and converse, the feedback coding problem is reduced to a sequential hypothesis testing problem for Brownian motion.
Food Security Under Climate Change

Food insecurity is likely to increase under climate change, unless early warning systems and development programs are used more effectively.
Cytokine synthesis and apoptosis by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes: Signaling of high density αβ T cell receptor+ and γδ T cell receptor+ T cells via T cell receptor‐CD3 complex results in interferon‐γ and interleukin‐5 production, while low density T cells undergo DNA fragmentation

To study the biological consequences of cytokine production and apoptosis by intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), we have studied these characteristics in both the high and low density CD3+ IEL populations. Stimulation of low- or high-density CD3+ IEL via the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex using monoclonal anti-CD3, anti-alpha beta TCR or anti-gamma delta TCR antibodies resulted in opposing effects. In one case, a significant number of the high-density CD3+ T cells entered cell cycle from the resting stage (DNA replication was observed) and anti-TCR-CD3 treatment enhanced the numbers of interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 spot-forming cells in this cell fraction. In contrast, when the low-density alpha beta TCR+ or gamma delta TCR+ T cells were activated via the TCR-CD3 complex, DNA fragmentation was observed. These results demonstrated that the activation signals transduced via the TCR-CD3 complex resulted in their entry into the cell cycle and subsequent interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 production in the high-density IEL T cell subset. However, identical signals induced apoptosis in the majority of the low-density fraction of CD3+ IEL.
17β Estradiol increases resilience and improves hippocampal synaptic function in helpless ovariectomized rats

Memory impairment is the most commonly reported cognitive symptom associated with major depressive disorder. Decreased hippocampal volume and neurogenesis in depression link hippocampal dysfunction with deficits in memory. Stress decreases hippocampal dendritic spine density and long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamate synapses, a cellular correlate of learning and memory. However, elevated plasma levels of 17β estradiol (E2) during proestrus increase hippocampal structure and function, directly opposing the negative consequences of stress. In women, significant fluctuations in ovarian hormones likely increase vulnerability of hippocampal circuits to stress, potentially contributing to the greater incidence of depression compared to men. Using the learned helplessness model of depression and ovariectomized female rats, we investigated whether acquisition of helplessness and hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is differentially impacted by the presence or absence of plasma E2. We find that inescapable shock induces a greater incidence of helplessness in vehicle- versus E2-treated OVX rats. In the vehicle-treated group, LTP was absent at CA3-CA1 synapses in slices only from helpless rats, and CA1 spine density was decreased compared to resilient rats. In contrast, significant LTP was observed in slices from E2-treated helpless rats; importantly, spine density was not different between E2-treated helpless and resilient rats, dissociating spine density from the LTP magnitude. We also find that E2 replacement can reverse previously established helpless behavior. Thus, our results show that E2 replacement in OVX rats increases resilience and improves hippocampal plasticity, suggesting that E2 therapy may increase resilience to stress and preserve hippocampal function in women experiencing large fluctuations in plasma estrogen levels.
AN AUTOMATIC ACTIVITY-MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SMALL MAMMALS UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS

Small mammals spend a majority of their lives in shelter sites such as belowground burrows. Understanding temporal patterns of burrow use would provide valuable information about the influence of physiological and environmental factors on activity patterns. To examine patterns of burrow use, we developed a system that automatically monitors activity of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) at artificial burrows in tallgrass prairie. The automatic activity-monitoring system is composed of a passive integrated transponder (PIT)‐tag transceiver that reads the identification tags of individuals and an infrared trail monitor that confirms movements in and out of artificial burrows. We PIT-tagged and monitored nightly activity of .90 deer mice on Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas from July 2003 to December 2004. The monitoring system allowed us to examine individual variation in activity relative to sex, parental attendance, and early exploration by young. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of the system compared to other activity-monitoring techniques, so that researchers might develop similar systems for other study species.
Evolution and moral relativism

This article looks at whether moral relativism fits within an evolutionary framework. As a metaethical theory, the main ideas of moral relativism include: conventions, moral reasons, moral diversit...
Vinylsilane-mediated synthesis of styryl-lactone frameworks

Abstract A general route to several styryl-lactone frameworks is presented. Starting from a known enol ether, stereoselective epoxidation and methanolysis yields a series of three distinct hydroxyacetals, each further functionalized by etherification with an allylic vinylsilane fragment. A highly efficient Lewis acid-promoted intramolecular annulation at the tethered oxocarbenium allows direct entry to cis-fused bicyclic ether cores. Further manipulation delivers a variety of additional styryl-lactone motifs and analogs; for example, simple allylic oxidation yields 3-deoxyisoaltholactone, in just five steps overall.
Unsupervised Linguistically-Driven Reliable Dependency Parses Detection and Self-Training for Adaptation to the Biomedical Domain

In this paper, a new self‐training method for domain adaptation is illustrated, where the selection of reliable parses is carried out by an unsupervised linguistically‐ driven algorithm, ULISSE. The method has been tested on biomedical texts with results showing a significant improvement with respect to considered baselines, which demonstrates its ability to capture both reliability of parses and domain‐ specificity of linguistic constructions.
Waiting for Bilski: A Patent Story

Bilski v. Kappos was a patent law case that captured the attention of not just intellectual property scholars, but also the business world, mainstream media, and even the Supreme Court. After waiting nearly 7 months from argument, the Court handed down the Bilski opinion. This brief essay does not comment on the case itself, but is rather a satirical look at the hype that surrounded the case and the let down that followed from the opinion's release.
Schema-agnostic indexing with Azure DocumentDB

Azure DocumentDB is Microsoft's multi-tenant distributed database service for managing JSON documents at Internet scale. DocumentDB is now generally available to Azure developers. In this paper, we describe the DocumentDB indexing subsystem. DocumentDB indexing enables automatic indexing of documents without requiring a schema or secondary indices. Uniquely, DocumentDB provides real-time consistent queries in the face of very high rates of document updates. As a multi-tenant service, DocumentDB is designed to operate within extremely frugal resource budgets while providing predictable performance and robust resource isolation to its tenants. This paper describes the DocumentDB capabilities, including document representation, query language, document indexing approach, core index support, and early production experiences.
Beyond price mechanisms: How much can service help manage the competition from gray markets?

Abstract Companies operating global supply chains in various industries struggle with parallel importers diverting goods from authorized channels to gray markets. While the existing gray market literature mainly focuses on pricing, in this paper we develop a model to examine the role of demand enhancing services as non-price mechanisms for coping with gray markets. We consider a manufacturer that sells a product in two markets and a parallel importer that transfers the product from the low-price market to the high-price market and competes with the manufacturer on price and service. We show that parallel importation forces the manufacturer to provide more service in both markets. We explore the value of service and the effects of competition intensity and market responsiveness to service on the manufacturer’s policy. We find that a little service can go a long way in boosting the profit of the manufacturer. Investing in service enables the manufacturer to differentiate herself from the parallel importer and to achieve the ideal price discrimination. In addition, service increases the value of strategic price discrimination when facing parallel importation. We also analyze the case when the manufacturer sells through a retailer in the high price market and can delegate service provision to the retailer or provide service herself. We find that delegating service to the retailer reduces double marginalization and can simultaneously benefit the manufacturer and the retailer, even if the retailer is not as efficient as the manufacturer.
"You Don't Have to Like Me, but You Have to Respect Me": The Impacts of Assertiveness, Cooperativeness, and Group Satisfaction in Collaborative Assignments.

This study investigates cooperativeness, assertiveness, group satisfaction, leader grade, and leadership negotiation in a collaborative assignment conducted in a small group. Researchers manipulate...
074 Implementation of Grade Methodology in Recommendation Development

Background We have been developing CPGs for use within our organisation since 2002. Our lengthy, text- based rationales were not widely read by guideline users. We created a decision support (rationale) table, based on GRADE methodology, and added a summary statement (basis of recommendation) to allow readers a concise and transparent snapshot of our justification for recommendation and strength. Context The rationale serves as a bridge between systematic review and recommendation, and provides users with a high-level justification for a recommendation. The basis of recommendation (BoR) summarises the 4 GRADE domains of strength of recommendation and how they are integrated to derive the final recommendation and strength. The BoR serves to: •Provide information to the Guideline Development Team and frontline clinicians to facilitate discussion, consensus and aid clinical decision-making. •Provide a structured, standardised portal into more detailed information in the CPG. Description of Best Practice We follow GRADE’s 2-level designation of recommendation strength (strong/weak), and developed standardised recommendation language to align with recommendation strength. We considered two approaches to derive the final recommendation strength, finally settling on an approach that allows flexible weighting of the contribution of each domain to recommendation strength. With this approach, in special circumstances, a strong recommendation may be given in the absence of a high-level of certainty. We plan to provide direct links from the CPG to our electronic medical record’s decision support tools. Lessons for Guideline Developers, Adaptors, Implementers, and/or Users A concise and targeted rationale helps clinicians understand how evidence is used to develop clinical practice recommendations.
What alters physicians' decisions to admit to the coronary care unit?

BACKGROUND A trial of a decision-support tool to modify utilization of the coronary care unit (CCU) failed because utilization improved after explanation of the tool but before its actual employment in the trial. We investigated this unexpected phenomenon in light of an emerging theory of decision-making under uncertainty. METHODS A prospective trial of the decision-support intervention was performed on the Family Practice service at a 100-bed rural hospital. Cards with probability charts from the acute ischemic Heart Disease Predictive Instrument (HDPI) were distributed to residents on the service and withdrawn on alternate weeks. Residents were encouraged to consult the probability charts when making CCU placement decisions. The study decision was between placement in the CCU and in a monitored nursing bed. Analyses included all patients admitted during the intervention trial year for suspected acute cardiac ischemia (n = 89), plus patients admitted in two pretrial periods (n = 108 and 50) and one posttrial period (n = 45). RESULTS In the intervention trial, HDPI use did not affect CCU utilization (odds ratio 1.046, P > .5). However, following the description of the instrument at a departmental clinical conference, CCU use markedly declined at least 6 months before the intervention trial (odds ratio 0.165, P < .001). Simply in learning about the instrument. residents achieved sensitivity and specificity equal to the instrument's optimum, whether or not they actually used it. CONCLUSIONS Physicians introduced to a decision-support tool achieved optimal CCU utilization without actually performing probability estimations. This may have resulted from improved focus on relevant clinical factors identified by the tool. Teaching simple decision-making strategies might effectively reduce unnecessary CCU utilization.
An atraumatic tunneling device for implantation of right atrial catheters and ports.

Cet instrument peut avoir de nombreuses autres applications, mise en place d'un catheter de dialyse peritoneale, d'un shunt ventriculoperitoneal d'Ommaya ou d'un shunt peritoneoveineux de Le Ven, par exemple
Recombination Kinetics on Catalytic Surface of Noble Metal Alloy in High Temperature Water

In recent years much attention has been focused on the use of hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) to control the electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) of stainless steel in boiling water reactors (BWRs) to mitigate intergranular stress corrosion cracking IGSCC of sensitized 304 stainless steel (SS). It has been demonstrated that improving the surface catalytic activity of structural materials results in low ECPs below {minus}230 mV{sub she} for IGSCC protection under stoichiometric excess H{sub 2}, even at high O{sub 2} levels. It was shown that a low ECP was achieved by lowering the oxidant concentration at the catalytic surface to zero. In this paper, the recombination efficiency for all oxidants present in 288 C water was evaluated using 304 SS containing 1% Pd under various water chemistry conditions containing stoichiometric excess hydrogen. It was shown that, with the proper geometry and flow rate, the 1% Pd alloy was sufficiently catalytic to recombine nearly all oxygen and hydrogen peroxide with hydrogen. The experimental data also showed that surface pretreatment in high temperature water or low temperature chemical solutions increased the catalytic efficiency.
Fetal development and distribution of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the rabbit

The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase has been measured in the small intestine of rabbit fetuses from 14 days after conception until birth. The enzyme activity increased significantly during fetal life but there were no significant differences in the levels of activity among newborn, juvenile and adult rabbits. In fetuses and newborn rabbits the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase occurred in the duodenum and activity decreased towards the ileum. In juvenile and adult rabbits the jejunum showed maximum activity with lower levels in duodenum and ileum.
Inexplicable patients: the case of Charles Martell and Ward 4 at the Massachusetts General Hospital

In January 1926, Dr. Eugene DuBois at Bellevue Hospital, New York City, admitted Charles Martell, a former captain in the United States Merchant Marines ([Figure 1][1]), to his metabolism clinic. Martell reported numerous ailments. He had joined the merchant marines in 1918. He was 22 years of age
‘The American Tennyson’ and ‘The English Longfellow’: Inverted Audiences and Popular Poetry

Moving farther into the century, Estes continues the volume’s recovery of transatlantic reception history and its role in the construction of English literature with a comparison of Tennyson and Longfellow as objects of readers’ devotion. Her chapter tracks the development of an inverted audience pattern in which each author’s international circulation outstripped domestic numbers of copies printed and sold. Readers of Longfellow and Tennyson at times envisioned themselves as an immense transatlantic group and at other times as devoted readers whose insights renationalized their beloved writers, rendering Longfellow an ‘English poet’ and Tennyson a highly democratic voice of the American people. The curiosity of a monument to Longfellow in Westminster Abbey (‘This bust was placed amongst the memorials of the poets of England by the English admirers of an American poet …’) captures many of this volume’s core concerns and highlights the importance of literary exchange and commemoration for Anglo-American relations.
Structure of Breast Centers

As breast centers in the United States began to proliferate over the past few decades, the American College of Surgeons joined forces with 20 national multidisciplinary organizations to set evidence and consensus-based standards that would ensure the optimal breast patient evaluation and management throughout the continuum of care. Since its first accreditation in late 2008, the National Accreditation for Breast Centers (NAPBC) has grown to 650 centers in 2016, including an increasing number of international centers. To gain and maintain accreditation each center undergoes a rigorous on-site inspection by a trained surveyor every three years. Preliminary data indicate that NAPBC accreditation streamlines care and improves outcomes relative to non-NAPBC breast centers.
Ultralow interface recombination velocity (∼1 cm/s) in CdTe/Mg x Cd 1−x Te double-heterostructures

CdTe/Mg x Cd 1−x Te double heterostructures (DHs) grown on InSb (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy have demonstrated very long carrier lifetime and low interface recombination velocity (IRV) due to the effective carrier confinement and surface passivation provided by Mg x Cd 1−x Te. However, both thermionic emission and tunneling effects can cause carrier loss over or through the Mg x Cd 1−x Te barriers when the barrier potential is low or when the barrier is thin. Thus carrier lifetime measurement can only give an effective IRV, which consists of the actual IRV that is purely due to recombination through interface trap states, and carrier loss due to thermionic emission and tunneling. By conducting temperature dependent carrier lifetime measurements, the thermionic emission induced interface recombination can be distinguished. Also by comparing samples with different barrier layer thicknesses, the contribution to effective IRV from tunneling effect can be quantified. When both thermionic emission and tunneling effects are eliminated, the actual IRV is measured to be ∼1 cm/s and a very long carrier lifetime of 3.6 μs is observed.
Presentation and treatment of annular pancreas in an adult population.

Objective : To describe a series of adult patients with annular pancreas, their presentation, and treatment modalities. Method : A retrospective chart review of patients seen at a multispecialty referral center from 1977 to 1994. Results : Seven adult patients (ages ranging from 33 to 77 yr, four females and three males) presented with various symptoms and signs : abdominal pain (six patients) gastric outlet obstruction (two), pancreatitis (two), pancreatic mass (two), gastric/duodenal ulcer (one), and/or postoperative obstructive jaundice (one). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 wk to 16 yr before diagnosis (median 18 months). Upper GI radiography was consistent with annular pancreas in two cases, CT scan in two cases (neither of which actually depicted the annulus), and four of six successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies. Three patients were diagnosed during operative procedures. Five of the seven patients required therapeutic operative procedures that included transduodenal sphincteroplasty, duodenojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy, subtotal gastrectomy, or Whipple procedure. Four of the five had significant symptomatic relief. In one case, endoscopic sphincterotomy and biliary stent placement was therapeutic. Conclusions : 1) Annular pancreas occasionally presents in the adult population. 2) Although gastric outlet obstruction was seen in two of seven patients, a plethora of additional presentations included pancreatic mass, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, and post-operative obstructive jaundice. 3) Diagnosis of annular pancreas was most commonly suggested by upper GI series or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, fully 40% of diagnoses required surgery for confirmation. 4) In contrast to the pediatric population in whom gastrojejunostomy or duodenojejunostomy is the treatment of choice, a variety of surgical as well as interventional endoscopic procedures were utilized for effective treatment in adults with annular pancreas.
Litho-facial models of Pirallahi field’s oil deposits on geophysical well logging data

Performed work aims to recreate the formation conditions of the basic lithotypes of geological section and construction of petrophysical models of medium on se­veral horizons of Productive series on the basis of processing and interpretation of geophysical well logging data. By separating the geological section into lithofacies intervals, the data of geophysical investigations of more than 470 wells, including such well log data as apparent resistivity and spontaneous polarization has been used. The definition of electrometric models produced by the α sp curve values, i. e., ratio of SP curve to its maximum, which made it possible to reconstruct the paleogeographic setting and restore the genesis of sediments. It was determined that river channels have very good reservoir properties. During formation of the lower division of Productive series two transgressive stages have been distinguished in the research area. The main variation regularities of petrophysical parameters of the medium have been revealed in three-dimensional space, consideration of which will allow us to create more effective models for further exploitation of Pirallahi field.
Non-Invasive Thrombolysis Using Microtripsy in a Porcine Deep Vein Thrombosis Model

Histotripsy is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that uses ultrasound generated from outside the body to create controlled cavitation in targeted tissue, and fractionates it into acellular debris. We have developed a new histotripsy approach, termed microtripsy, to improve targeting accuracy and to avoid collateral tissue damage. This in vivo study evaluates the safety and efficacy of microtripsy for non-invasive thrombolysis in a porcine deep vein thrombosis model. Acute thrombi were formed in left femoral veins of pigs (∼35 kg) by occluding the vessel using two balloon catheters and infusing with thrombin. Guided by real-time ultrasound imaging, microtripsy thrombolysis treatment was conducted in 14 pigs; 10 pigs were euthanized on the same day (acute) and 4 at 2 wk (subacute). To evaluate vessel damage, 30-min free-flow treatment in the right femoral vein (no thrombus) was also conducted in 8 acute pigs. Blood flow was successfully restored or significantly increased after treatment in 13 of the 14 pigs. The flow channels re-opened by microtripsy had a diameter up to 64% of the vessel diameter (∼6 mm). The average treatment time was 16 min per centimeter-long thrombus. Only mild intravascular hemolysis was induced during microtripsy thrombolysis. No damage was observed on vessel walls after 2 wk of recovery, venous valves were preserved, and there was no sign of pulmonary embolism. The results of this study indicate that microtripsy has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment for deep vein thrombosis in a porcine model.
Spatial History, deep mapping and digital storytelling: archaeology's future imagined through an engagement with the Digital Humanities

Abstract Geospatial technologies are transforming the practice of the Digital Humanities, and these developments have direct relevance to the practice of scientifically oriented archaeology. The most recent “spatial turn” among digital humanists can be attributed to both the prevalence of tools like ArcGIS that facilitate such investigations as well as an interdisciplinary convergence upon theoretical models that conceive of socially constructed space. This article will briefly review the current state-of-the-art in the field of Spatial History as well as discuss a number of emerging trends such as deep mapping, digital storytelling and data visualization, utilizing examples from a variety of applications. Moreover, archaeologists can benefit from the substantial investments by the academy in the Digital Humanities, particularly in the United States and Canada. In sum, the article proposes that the scope of archaeological applications of geospatial technologies would be productively broadened through an increased engagement with the Digital Humanities.
ERISA: Extracontractual Damages Mandated for Benefit Claims Actions

Before 1974, participants in employer retirement plans seeking monetary relief for denied benefits were often hindered by procedural and jurisdictional obstacles. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) was passed in an effort to preclude hindrances and establish federally protected causes of action, which include equitable remedies and extracontractual damages. However, a jurisdictional split in the interpretation of ERISA in the federal circuits and among the states continues to impede participants full relief for their injuries. Furthermore, disparaging dicta in the Supreme Court decision in Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Russell incorrectly suggests Congress intentionally foreclosed contractual remedies not expressly stated in ERISA. ERISA should protect participants and deter employers, or fiduciaries from abusing their positions, as Congress intended. When interpreting the plain language of the act and the legislative intent, ERISA proposed to deter the financial incentive of the administrators and employers from denying, or delaying requests for allotments from the participant’s retirement plan by establishing a full range of legal and equitable remedies under contract law and trust law theories, which include extracontractual damages. Under the teleological method of interpreting legislative intent when ambiguity arises, the court examines statutory language, prior case law, and legislative history. The legislative history makes clear that Congress intended ERISA to include remedies available under state contract and trust law, as well as federal common law including extracontractual damages.