cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alveolyn—Structure and Source: A Review

Alveolyn is a unique secretory glycoprotein of 250,000 molecular weight (MW) that is found in distal pulmonary secretions. Several glycoproteins of 130,000 MW, 80,000 MW, 62,000 MW, and 36,000 MW have also been found to be present in the alveolar secretions, and it was found that these glycoproteins were proteolytic fragments of the much larger molecular glycoprotein. It is also a major protein in human amniotic fluid, presumably a product of alveolar secretions. It is also secreted by a clone of pulmonary fetal type II cells. Preliminary results indicate that two of the proteolytic fragments of 62,000 MW and 36,000 MW contain alternate collagenous and noncollagenous domains in the same polypeptide chain. The presence of collagenous domains in these glycoproteins was also confirmed by their susceptibility to digestion with collagenase and the presence of Gly-Pro-Hyp-Gly-type sequence in the peptide chain. Very little is known about the tertiary structure of the protein, except that its fragments bind phospholipids and probably facilitate transfer of the lipid to air-water interfaces.
Focusing Properties of Fresnel Zone Plate Lens Antennas in the Near-Field Region

Some focusing properties of Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens antennas in the near-field region are presented at the ka-band. Simulated and measured results of the FZP antenna show displacement of the maximum intensity of the electric field along the axial direction from the focal point toward the antenna aperture. This displacement increases as the antenna's focal length increases. In addition, the focused beam scanning of the FZP lens antennas in the radiation near-field is examined.
Religious Affiliation, Ethnicity, and Child Mortality in Chiapas, México.

We investigate whether there is a relationship between religious affiliation and child mortality among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in Chiapas, Mexico. Our analysis relies on Brass-type estimates of child mortality by ethnicity and religious affiliation and multivariate analyses that adjust for various socioeconomic and demographic factors. The data are from the 2000 Mexican Census 10 percent sample. Among indigenous people, Presbyterians have lower rates of child mortality than Catholics. However, no significant differentials are found in child mortality by religious affiliation among nonindigenous people. The indigenous health ministry of the Presbyterian Church and the social and cultural transformations that tend to accompany religious conversion may have an impact on child survival among disadvantaged populations such as the indigenous people in Chiapas.
Evaluation of Laboratory-Measured Crack Growth Rate for Asphalt Mixtures

A clear understanding of the cracking mechanisms of asphalt mixtures is needed to identify the most rational approach to analyzing its cracking behavior. Asphalt mixture properties were determined for eight asphalt mixtures of known cracking performance. Crack growth rates were measured in the laboratory for each mixture using the method developed by Roque et al. The crack growth rates were evaluated to determine (a) the validity of the test results, (b) the relationship if any between laboratory crack growth rates and field performance, (c) the relationship between the measured crack growth rates and other mixture properties, and (d) the validity of Paris law of crack propagation for evaluating asphalt mixture performance in the field. Through this evaluation, it was found that Paris law does not appear to incorporate all aspects involved in the mechanism of cracking of asphalt mixtures subjected to generalized loading conditions, such as those encountered in pavements in the field. Therefore, a concept ...
An Analysis Of Mutual Fund Custodial Fees

The Securities Exchange Commissions (SEC) has an ongoing initiative to examine mutual fund fees, and their disclosure to fund shareholders. Mutual fund custodial fees are usually paid directly to the custodian from fund assets, and can therefore affect fund performance and investor returns. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model of mutual fund custodial fees using both equity and bond funds. Regression analyses on bond and equity fund samples reveal that custodial fees result from a variety of factors, and that these factors differ between equity and bond funds. The results of this study can be a useful benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of custodial fee management.
Reduction of aerobic acetate production by Escherichia coli

Acetate excretion by Escherichia coli during aerobic growth on glucose is a major obstacle to enhanced recombinant protein production. We report here that the fraction of carbon flux through the anaplerotic pathways is one of the factors influencing acetate excretion. Flux analysis of E. coli central metabolic pathways predicts that increasing the fraction of carbon flux through the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) pathway and the glyoxylate bypass reduces acetate production. We tested this prediction by overexpressing PPC and deregulating the glyoxylate bypass by using a fadR strain. Results show that the acetate yield by the fadR strain with PPC overexpression is decreased more than fourfold compared to the control, while the biomass yield is relatively unaffected. Apparently, the fraction of carbon flux through the anaplerotic pathways is one of the factors that influence acetate excretion. These results confirm the prediction of our flux analysis and further suggest that E. coli is not fully optimized for efficient utilization of glucose.
Safety Issues Related to Mini-Cars from a Roadway Perspective

Etude des accidents de circulation impliquant des mini-voitures, dont la securite est moindre comparee aux autres vehicules en cas de collision
The Role of ASCE in Influencing Public Policy on Controversial Technical Issues

The extent of ASCE's involvement in any issue must be determined by the Circumstances of each particular situation. Four possible types of involvement are suggested. ASCE's most important function is the education of its members. The Society should strive to keep its members informed about all aspects of current, controversial, technical issues. The Society should encourage and assist its members to become more actively involved in public affairs, particularly in their own communities. Providing facts and explanations of technical aspects of projects, policies, or issues, for the news media, civic organizations, and legislators, is possibly the most effective means by which ASCE can influence public policy nationally and locally. ASCE should offer guidance and assistance to members who believe that an existing project or policy, in government or private industry, should be questioned or reevaluated.
Polymerization and domain formation in lipid assemblies

Lipid assemblies are arrays of noncovalently associated amphiphiles, i.e. supramolecular assemblies. They may be classified as supported or self-supported assmeblies. The advent of methods to polymerize these supramolecular assemblies has opened up opportunities for the creation of new materials. This review emphasizes the interaction of polymerization and lipid domain formation within supramolecular assemblies. The polymerization of amphiphilic assemblies can “lock in” preexisting lipid domains or create lipid domains from random mixtures depending on the nature of the polymerizable amphiphile. Lipid diacetylenes or fluorinated lipids provide a convenient means to form an unpolymerized immiscible mixture of reactive and nonreactive lipids in monolayers or bilayers. In contrast the polymerization of dienoyl-, sorbyl-, or acryloyl-substituted lipids can effectively induce the phase separation of unreactive lipids from the growing polymeric domains. Polymerization-induced lipid domains can endow bilayer vesicles with latent instability sites or can be used to concentrate membrane-associated electron or energy transfer cofactors. These polymeric materials suggest new approaches to the delivery of reagents as well as the transduction of light energy.
Structure and Dynamics of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins from a Physics-Based Model

There is significant interest in understanding the physical properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) due to their functional relevance in diverse biochemical processes such as regulation, signaling, and pathogenesis of several disease conditions. Due to their flexibility and lack of well-defined structure, it is quite challenging to experimentally characterize the details of the heterogeneous equilibrium ensemble of IDPs. In principle, all-atom molecular simulations can provide sufficiently detailed spatiotemporal information on IDP properties. But as highlighted recently in the literature, physics-based computer models may not be able to describe the protein disordered states accurately. In this talk, I’ll discuss our recently proposed all-atom protein model (Amber03ws) that can provide accurate information on IDP structure and dynamics, without any experimental input. Results from several different example IDP sequences will be used to demonstrate the usefulness of this model.
Subcarrier restoration for survivable multi-flow transponders in elastic optical networks

We discuss survivability considerations for multi-carrier-based elastic optical networks, focusing on the multi-carrier transponder (MCT). We explain the necessity of subcarrier restoration that can recover multi-carrier connections using backup sub-channels. An initial evaluation shows our restoration scheme improves transponder reliability.
A Simple Proof of Hart's Theorem

(1916). A Simple Proof of Hart's Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 14-15.
What is new in labor management?: Best articles from the past year

This month we focus on current research in labor management. Dr. Repke discusses five recent publications, and each is concluded with a “bottom line” that is the take-home message. The complete reference for each can be found in Box 1 on this page, along with direct links to the abstracts.
Advances in Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery: An Overview for the 1990s

Anesthetic care for patients undergoing cardiac surgery has changed dramatically in the past 10 years. Examples of such change include same-day admissions, "fast-track" protocols, selective use of pulmonary artery catheters, transesophageal echocardiography, and the introduction of new drugs such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and antifibrinolytic agents. Under pressure from our peers and those funding health care, we are making major efforts to reduce costs and the length of hospitalization while maintaining high quality of care.
Parasite Abundance in Ips spp. Infestations as Influenced by the Southern Pine Beetle

Numbers of Ips spp. beetles which attacked felled loblolly pines were higher in areas where the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, occurred than in areas with no D. frontalis activity, but ratios of total numbers of parasites to attacking Ips beetles were similar. Six species of hymenopterous parasites and 2 species of clerids which attack both Ips spp. and D. frontalis were found to be differentially attracted to pines infested with Ips beetles within and outside of D. frontalis infestations. The parasites Roptrocerus eccoptogastri (Ratzeburg) and Rhopalicus pulchripennis (Crawford) responded strongly to high numbers of Ips spp. attacks D. frontalis infestations, but the other species appeared to respond to the tree host irrespective of the numbers of attacking Ips beetles. Clerid beetles were more commonn in D. frontalis areas with the heaviest Ips attacks, but clerid/ Ips ratios were higher in the areas with no D. frontalis activity.
Discussion on Creation and Translation of Novel Words and Terminology Evolution in Medical Terminology

There are very obvious academic characteristics in the structures of medical science and technology terminology.Therein,the creation and translation of medical science and technology terminologies must be carried out according to the special theoretical knowledge of medical field.Furthermore,the appointed"novel word"to be created must be carried out according to the designed plan of the strict,scientific and reasonable word-formation rules.The"novel words"(the unknown words)in a foreign language should be translated in accordance with the analysis and inference of the word-formation rules as well.And the meanings of the "novel words" should be comprehensively analyzed by applying the "structure-separated method".In this article,the author concisely elaborated the summary of creation and translation of medical terminologies,and the general rules of terminology evolution.
Ladakh’s artificial glaciers: climate-adaptive design for water scarcity

For decades, the artificial glaciers in Ladakh, North India, have been trumpeted as useful water-harvesting devices for subsistence farming communities. In this context, the massive masonry structures link low-tech, vernacular hydrological thinking with design innovation to create a popular climate-adaptive design solution. While these interventions appear to provide promising new strategies for water harvesting in this dry desert region, very little data exist to substantiate, quantify, or contradict the project claims. This paper interrogates these structures through the lens of the design disciplines and considers the functional aspects of a prototypical artificial glacier system. Six different artificial glacier systems were studied over a period of two summer months, revealing a variety of design and construction approaches. These findings give rise to a number of engineering patterns that may be found in an archetypical artificial glacier system.
The rift between science and humanism: What’s data got to do with it?

The greatest division in our field between a more scientific anthropology and a humanistic one lies largely along theoretical lines. However, the debate over the use and value of etic data, observer-oriented objective data measured from the outside for explanation, and emic data, actor-oriented subjective data from the inside for interpretation, has also been vehement. Here, a case study comparing violence among the Ju/’hoansi (!Kung) Bushmen of the Kalahari and Enga of Papua New Guinea is used to show (1) how cultural institutions structure aggression and violence, for better or for worse, and (2) how the complementary use of data from the inside and outside is essential for understanding cultural institutions and their effect on cognition, motives, emotions, and corresponding actions and social selection pressures. A challenge for anthropology will be to work out how to collect and apply data from the inside so that it can be used systematically to help interpret and contextualize data collected by exte...
Moderate metabolic acidosis and its effects on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients.

We screened the laboratory data of all of our chronic hemodialysis patients to identify 2 groups: 1) those with a pre-dialysis total CO 2 concentration equal or less than 21 mEq/l (group A) and 2) those with a pre-dialysis total CO 2 concentration equal or greater than 25 mEq/l (group B) and then both groups were compared for the following parameters: protein catabolic rate, dietary protein intake by dietary history, Kt/V, serum albumin, weight, pre-dialysis serum creatinine and pre-dialysis BUN. Patients from group A had a significantly lower age, a significantly higher protein catabolic rate and significantly higher values for pre-dialysis serum creatinine and BUN. The values for body weight, dietary protein intake and serum albumin were also higher in group A than in group B but the differences did not reach statistical significance. There was a good correlation between protein catabolic rate and pre-dialysis total CO 2 and between the latter and serum albumin. These results suggest that moderately low pre-dialysis serum bicarbonate concentration is usually the result of high protein intake and should be of no concern in well-dialyzed patients with a protein catabolic rate greater than 1 g/kg/day. However, further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Values and German Tragedy 1770–1840

When I sat down to prepare my paper for this conference where we deal with tragedy, philosophy, and phenomenology, my attention was attracted by a recent article entitled ‘Philosophical reflections on the phenomenon of the tragic.’1 I was disappointed, however, to find that the author, a Heidegger student, represents a position which German literary criticism had disposed of ten years ago, and rightly so. Unfortunately, most of the current views which he ignores do not do justice to the phenomenon of German tragedy either.
Ablation of the epithelial-specific splicing factor Esrp1 results in ureteric branching defects and reduced nephron number.

Background: Abnormalities in ureteric bud (UB) branching morphogenesis lead to congenital anomalies of the kidney and reduced nephron numbers associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Previous studies showed that the epithelial fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) IIIb splice variant supports ureteric morphogenesis in response to ligands from the metanephric mesenchyme during renal organogenesis. The epithelial-specific splicing regulator Esrp1 is required for expression of Fgfr2-IIIb and other epithelial-specific splice variants. Our objective was to determine whether Esrp1 is required for normal kidney development. Results: Ablation of Esrp1 in mice, alone or together with its paralog Esrp2, was associated with reduced kidney size and increased incidence of renal aplasia. Three-dimensional imaging showed that embryonic Esrp1 knockout (KO) kidneys had fewer ureteric tips and reduced nephron numbers. Analysis of alternative splicing in Esrp-null ureteric epithelial cells by RNA-Seq confirmed a splicing switch in Fgfr2 as well as numerous other transcripts. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that Esrp1-regulated splicing in ureteric epithelial cells plays an important role in renal development. Defects in Esrp1 KO kidneys likely reflect reduced and/or absent ureteric branching, leading to decreased nephron induction secondary to incorrect Fgfr2 splicing and other splicing alterations. Developmental Dynamics 245:991–1000, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Applications of DNA Typing

DNA data plays an important role in other applications such as parentage and kinship testing where DNA results from potential relatives are being compared. Different questions are usually being asked in parentage testing than in criminal casework where a direct match is being considered between evidence and suspect. Several applications exist that involve DNA evidence from related individuals. Traditional parentage testing that usually involves addressing questions of paternity, missing persons, and mass disaster investigations that involve reverse parentage analysis. Immigration cases also involve kinship testing to determine if an individual could have a proposed relationship to reference samples. Statistical test performed in paternity testing is the paternity index and exclusion probability. A combination of samples from more than one close relative can help provide greater confidence in this kinship analysis. Since parentage and kinship testing involve measuring genetic relationships across generations, mutations that may occur must be taken into account in these investigations. Mass disasters, whether natural or man-made, can involve loss of life for many victims of the tragedy. Efforts to identify these victims are referred to as disaster victim identification (DVI). DVI always involves comparison of post-mortem and ante-mortem data. DVI is much more complicated than parentage testing because so many more comparisons are being made depending on the number of victims involved. DNA databases can play an important role in helping identify missing individuals over time. The chapter also discusses other uses for STRs and DNA typing methods such as characterizing cell lines, detecting genetic chimeras, monitoring transplants, detecting cancer tumors. Genetic genealogy and ancestry tests attempt to gain a better understanding of one's heritage.
Life on a High Isolated Mountain: the Arthropod Fauna of Mt. Taylor, Cibola County, New Mexico

The arthropod fauna of Mt. Taylor, New Mexico at 2874-3445 m (9424-11,300 ft) was examined by pitfall trapping, and to a lesser extent by pan trapping and hand collection between 1997 and 2008, with continuous pitfall trapping in 1997-2000. This fauna was characteristically Canadian in nature (as might be expected as the area covers Canadian and Hudsonian life zones with a tiny area of Arctic-Alpine at the top of the peak's north face; see Price 1997), but also contained unique elements such as a then-undescribed species of trapdoor spider (Araneae: Cyrtaucheniidae) from the pitfall traps (described as Neoapachella rothi Bond and Opell in 2002) and a still-undescribed jumping spider of the genus Habronattus (Araneae: Salticidae). At least 237 species in a minimum of 75 families were collected over the course of the study. As our methods were somewhat limited, we expect many more species to be found in the area covered. Pitfall traps were maintained near the summit until 2000. Dominant arthropods included Carabus (Oreocarabus) taedatus agassii LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Anystis sp. (Acari: Anystidae), and Pardosa concinna (Thorell) (Araneae: Lycosidae), among others. The Canadian and Rocky Mountain tiger beetle Cicindela longilabris Say (Coleoptera: Carabidae), the alpine dragonfly Oplonaeschna armata (Hagen) (Odonata: Aeshnidae), and the short-winged grasshoppers Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) and Melanoplus magdalenae Hebard were examples of less-common hand-collected or pan-trapped high-elevation species.
Associations between butane hash oil use and cannabis-related problems

Abstract Background High-potency cannabis concentrates are increasingly popular in the United States, and there is concern that use of high-potency cannabis might increase risk for cannabis-related problems. However, little is known about the potential negative consequences of concentrate use. This study reports on associations between past-year use of a high-potency cannabis concentrate, known as butane hash oil (BHO), and cannabis-related problems. Methods A sample of 821 college students were recruited to complete a survey about their health and behavior. Participants who had used cannabis in the past year (33%, n = 273) completed questions about their cannabis use, including their use of BHO and cannabis-related problems in eight domains: physical dependence, impaired control, academic-occupational problems, social-interpersonal problems, self-care problems, self-perception, risk behavior, and blackouts. Results Approximately 44% (n = 121) of past-year cannabis users had used BHO in the past year. More frequent BHO use was associated with higher levels of physical dependence (RR = 1.8, p Conclusions BHO use is associated with greater physiological dependence on cannabis, even after accounting for potential confounders. Longitudinal research is needed to determine if cannabis users with higher levels of physiological dependence seek out BHO and/or if BHO use increases risk for physiological dependence.
Relations of established aging biomarkers (IL-6, D-dimer, s-VCAM) to glomerular filtration rate and mortality in community-dwelling elderly adults.

Background Biomarkers improving risk prediction for elderly populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD), an independent predictor of mortality, could be particularly useful. We previously observed that interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (s-VCAM) were independent biomarkers of mortality in elderly individuals. Therefore, we investigated whether these established biomarkers were independently associated with both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and mortality. Methods The Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) is a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling elderly individuals. We investigated the association among eGFR, the biomarkers (IL-6, D-dimer and s-VCAM) and 4-year all-cause mortality using restricted cubic splines within Cox proportional hazards models. Results Among 1907 participants in EPESE, 1342 had available creatinine and biomarker measures. Incidence of all-cause mortality was 21.6%. eGFR was associated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.01); individuals at the lowest (<30 mL/min/1.73 m2) levels had the highest mortality rates. D-dimer and s-VCAM were associated (P < 0.01) with mortality, and after adjustment for IL-6, D-dimer and s-VCAM, the mortality risk varied by eGFR level. Conclusions In community-dwelling elderly individuals, we observed an association among eGFR, 4-year mortality and IL-6, D-dimer and s-VCAM. eGFR was independently associated with mortality, and the relation between eGFR and mortality was modified by IL-6, D-dimer and s-VCAM, which was most notable in individuals with severely reduced eGFR. These findings suggest that IL-6, D-dimer and s-VCAM may be useful biomarkers for improving risk prediction, but further studies are needed examining the role of these biomarkers in elderly individuals with CKD.
Youth relationship education: A meta-analysis

Abstract Recent focus on the developmental importance of adolescent romantic relationships led to the formation and implementation of curricula and programs that educate high school-aged youth about healthy romantic relationships. This meta-analytic study examines the efficacy of youth-focused relationship education (YRE) on multiple outcomes: conflict management, faulty relationship beliefs, and healthy relationship attitudes. Searches revealed 33 studies of YRE, however, meta-analytic procedures only included 15 studies which provided sufficient data on the outcomes of focus. Hedge's g effect sizes were significant for two of the three outcomes and are comparable with effects of other prevention programs. Overall, YRE programs are effective in changing conflict management and faulty relationship beliefs.
Effect of Maternal Age and Fetal Number on the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Objective Our primary objective was to compare the differential contribution of fetal number and maternal age to the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a large study of primary cesarean delivery. Women with singleton, twin, or triplet gestations were included. Women were divided into groups based on fetal number and maternal age. The primary outcome was HDP. A logistic regression model was fit to adjust for confounders. The incidence of HDP was compared with the reference group and within exposure groups. Results Of the 70,417 women included, HDP occurred in 8,079 (12%) women. The frequency of HDP among the comparison groups ranged from 11 to 38%. Nearly all groups had significantly increased risk of HDP compared with young maternal age singletons. Twin and triplet gestations increased the risk of HDP over singletons irrespective of maternal age after adjusting for baseline disease and race. The risk of HDP did not significantly increase with maternal age when fetal number was similar. Conclusion Fetal number significantly increased the risk of HDP and contributed more to that risk than maternal age. Maternal age became significant in groups with age greater than 40 years.
Discovery of (10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (PF-06463922), a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and c-ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1) with Preclinical Brain Exposure and Broad-Spectrum Potency against ALK-Resistant Mutations

Although crizotinib demonstrates robust efficacy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients, progression during treatment eventually develops. Resistant patient samples revealed a variety of point mutations in the kinase domain of ALK, including the L1196M gatekeeper mutation. In addition, some patients progress due to cancer metastasis in the brain. Using structure-based drug design, lipophilic efficiency, and physical-property-based optimization, highly potent macrocyclic ALK inhibitors were prepared with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), low propensity for p-glycoprotein 1-mediated efflux, and good passive permeability. These structurally unusual macrocyclic inhibitors were potent against wild-type ALK and clinically reported ALK kinase domain mutations. Significant synthetic challenges were overcome, utilizing novel transformations to enable the use of these macrocycles in drug discovery paradigms. This work led to the discovery of 8k (PF-06463922), combining broad-spectrum potency, central nervous system ADME, and a high degree of kinase selectivity.
Diverse Beam Search for Improved Description of Complex Scenes

A single image captures the appearance and position of multiple entities in a scene as well as their complex interactions. As a consequence, natural language grounded in visual contexts tends to be diverse---with utterances differing as focus shifts to specific objects, interactions, or levels of detail. Recently, neural sequence models such as RNNs and LSTMs have been employed to produce visually-grounded language. Beam Search, the standard work-horse for decoding sequences from these models, is an approximate inference algorithm that decodes the top-B sequences in a greedy left-to-right fashion. In practice, the resulting sequences are often minor rewordings of a common utterance, failing to capture the multimodal nature of source images. To address this shortcoming, we propose Diverse Beam Search (DBS), a diversity promoting alternative to BS for approximate inference. DBS produces sequences that are significantly different from each other by incorporating diversity constraints within groups of candidate sequences during decoding; moreover, it achieves this with minimal computational or memory overhead. We demonstrate that our method improves both diversity and quality of decoded sequences over existing techniques on two visually-grounded language generation tasks---image captioning and visual question generation---particularly on complex scenes containing diverse visual content. We also show similar improvements at language-only machine translation tasks, highlighting the generality of our approach.
A 53 dB $\Omega~7$ -GHz Inductorless Transimpedance Amplifier and a 1-THz+ GBP Limiting Amplifier in 0.13- $\mu$ m CMOS

An inductorless 10-Gb/s optical receiver including a novel transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with dual feedback loop and a limiting amplifier with third-order nested feedback is presented. The current-buffer-based TIA employs an active Cherry-Hooper stage in the auxiliary amplifier and reuses the tail current source to achieve 10 Gb/s operation in the presence of a 1 pF photodiode input capacitance. Systematic analysis and design methodology of the double loop TIA is given with simple design equations derived for optimizing the performance of each loop. The use of nested feedback in the four stage limiting amplifier enables a gain-bandwidth-product >1 THz without the use of on-chip inductors. It is shown that the proposed limiting amplifier circuit enhances bandwidth by utilizing inherent equalization between the overdamped and underdamped poles. Implemented in IBM 130-nm CMOS technology, the optical receiver achieves a BER $ at 10 Gb/s for an input current of $30\,\,\mu \text{A}_{\mathrm{ p-p}}$ in electrical measurement, delivering 600 mV $_{\mathrm{ p-p}}$ at the output of the 50- $\Omega $ buffer. Optical testing confirmed −17.4 dBm sensitivity for a data rate of 7.5 Gb/s, which is limited by the maximum speed of the 850-nm source available at the time of measurement. The receiver dissipates 108 mW from 1.2-V supply (excluding the output buffer) and occupies a core area of only 0.08 mm2.
Integrating Phase Change Lines and Labels into Graphs in Microsoft Excel

Creating phase change lines and their corresponding labels in Microsoft Excel® remains a difficulty for many behavior analysts who want these display features to be integrated into the graph itself. Previous methods designed to address this issue have had limited utility across the types of data sets commonly analyzed by behavior analysts. The purpose of this article is to provide a fully functional method for integrating phase change lines and labels into Microsoft Excel® line graphs. This method is a combination of previous recommendations and allows for easy integration of new data and exportation of graphical displays to other software programs (e.g., Microsoft Word® and PowerPoint®).
Primary and Secondary Institutions in Regional International Society: Sovereignty and the League of Arab States

This chapter argues that the Arab League played an important role in the emergence, consolidation, and change of the principles and practices of Westphalian sovereignty in the Arab interstate society from its foundation in 1945 to the Arab Spring. The first part discusses the impact of the design of the Arab League and its Charter on the emergence of Westphalian sovereignty in the region. The second part discusses how the practices of the Arab League led to the consolidation of Westphalian sovereignty and the decline of Arab nationalism after 1967. The third part examines the Arab League policies during the Arab Spring and their impact on the principles and practices of Westphalian sovereignty in the Arab interstate society.
Well-Log Imaging and Its Application to Geologic Interpretation

Modern image-processing techniques (IP) can be useful in the display and interpretation of well-log data. By enhancing the normal presentation of log data, the application of these techniques makes it easier for geologists and other users to understand the log data. Many sophisticated image-processing and interpretation methods that have been developed and efficiently used in other sciences could be introduced successfully into the logging industry. For example, IP can be a powerful tool in log analysis by applying enhanced log images to subsurface geology, petroleum engineering, and especially in oil reservoir description.
Canine cyclic neutropenia: Erythropoietin and platelet cycles after bone marrow transplantation

The marrow of a dog affected with cyclic neutropenia (CN) was transplanted into an unaffected supralethally irradiated litermate.Prompt engraftment occurred,and cyclic rises and falls in numbers of platelets, reticulocytes, and granulocytes were noted in the recipient soon after engraftment. Prior to transplantation and under hypoxic conditions,the donor had serum erythropoietin (ESF) peak levels at 11- 12-day intervals. Following transplatation and under hypoxic conditions,cyclic peaks of ESF occurred in the transplanted dog.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF LINEAR VISCOELASTIC SOLIDS

Abstract In order to characterize the linear viscoelastic behavior of a material, measurements must be made over a wide range of time scales. In considering the response to stresses varying sinusoidally with time, frequencies from one cycle per hour to tens of megacycles per second should be covered; and in creep and stress relaxation measurements, the time scale is further extended to months or even years. Thus an extremely large number of different experimental techniques have to be used; these are reviewed and discussed in this paper. In addition the representation of these experimental results by various mathematical and mechanical models is considered, and the relation between chemical composition and viscoelastic properties is briefly discussed. Finally, recent experimental work on the propagation of stress waves in viscoelastic solids is described particularly from the point of view of the results obtained on the dilatational viscosity of some high polymers.
Accident, Mistake, and Rules of Liability in the Fourteenth-Century Law of Torts

In the fourteenth century, it was evidently a familiar principle in the law of torts that no one was liable to make compensation for injuries attributable to some entirely providential cause. Tenants were therefore not liable in Waste for damage caused by tempests,l earthquakes,2 or fires of spontaneous origin.3 The identical principle obtained in trespass: 4 Fires that arose "suddenly" or "unbeknownst" to a defendant could not furnish a basis for fixing him with liability, even if they originated in his house.5 For example,
Impact of obesity on response in 751 myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd) induction.

8046Background: Obesity is a putative risk factor for the development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Induction regimens for MM have evolved;...
Using Flipgrid to Increase Students' Connectedness in an Online Class

Flipgrid, a free video discussion forum tool, increases students' perceptions of connectedness in the online classroom. Video discussion forums embedded in an online course can be used in many ways to connect instructors to students, and students to their peers. Embedding a tool that brings voice, tone, and body language to the online classroom strengthens connectedness and can increase civility.
4.6 A mm-Wave 3-Way Linear Doherty Radiator with Multi Antenna Coupling and On-Antenna Current-Scaling Series Combiner for Deep Power Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement

There is a growing interest in exploring antenna-electronic co-designs that leverage antennas (including their low-loss metal structures, design versatility, multi-feed driving capabilities) as a new design paradigm to radically advance mm-wave front-end performance. In particular, enhancing the peak/back-off transmitting efficiency is essential for future mm-wave wireless communications, such as 5G, which will predominantly use complex modulations with large peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) and extra power back-off (PBO) for linearity and reliability. Consequently, mm-wave transmitters often operate at deep PBO (9 to 12dB) with poor average efficiency. Although mm-wave Doherty/Outphasing PAs have been widely explored, there is limited success in high-order active load modulation for deep-PBO efficiency enhancement with high PA linearity, mainly due to the complexity and prohibitive loss of on-chip passive networks. On the other hand, most existing antenna-electronic radiators only follow basic Class-AB/B efficiency roll-off with rapidly degraded PBO efficiency [1,2]. Some use active load modulation on a single multi-feed antenna, whose simple structures support only 6dB PBO efficiency enhancement and limited PBO extension [3].
Activity within specific enteric neurochemical subtypes is correlated with distinct patterns of gastrointestinal motility in the murine colon.

Correlating the activity of neuronal populations in the myenteric plexus to distinct periods of gastrointestinal motility is complicated by the difficulty of measuring the activity of specific neur...
Uveal metastasis in 1111 patients: Interval to metastasis and overall survival based on timing of primary cancer diagnosis

Abstract Purpose To evaluate interval between primary cancer diagnosis and uveal metastasis and assess survival outcomes based on whether the primary cancer was diagnosed before or after uveal metastasis. Methods In this retrospective analysis, all patients with uveal metastasis evaluated on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA between February 1, 1974 and June 1, 2017 were included. Features and outcomes based on timing of primary cancer diagnosis, whether before or after diagnosis of uveal metastasis, were assessed. Results A total of 2214 uveal metastases were diagnosed in 1310 eyes of 1111 consecutive patients. Primary cancer was known prior to uveal metastasis in 742 patients (67%) and not known in 369 (33%). Of those not known, the primary cancer was later found in 192 patients (17%) and never found in 177 patients (16%). For those with known primary cancer, mean interval from primary cancer diagnosis to uveal metastasis was 5.2 years with differences in primary sites of gastrointestinal (2.1 years, p = 0.003), lung (2.2 years, p Conclusion Of 1111 patients with uveal metastasis, early-onset uveal metastases were found with lung and gastrointestinal tract cancers, whereas late-onset metastases were found with breast and thyroid cancers. Overall survival did not vary on whether the primary tumor was diagnosed before, after, or never found, relative to uveal metastasis.
Impact of Red Beetroot Juice on Vascular Endothelial Function and Cardiometabolic Responses to a High-Fat Meal in Middle-Aged/Older Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.

Background High-fat meal (HFM) consumption may induce transient postprandial atherogenic responses, including impairment of vascular endothelial function, in individuals with overweight/obesity. Red beetroot juice (RBJ) may modulate endothelial function and other measures of cardiometabolic health. Objective This study investigated the impact of acute and chronic RBJ consumption, including nitrate-dependent and -independent effects, on postprandial endothelial function and other cardiometabolic responses to a HFM. Methods Fifteen men and postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period, crossover clinical trial. Following an overnight fast, participants underwent baseline assessment of endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index; RHI) and hemodynamics, and biological sample collection. In random order, participants consumed 70 mL (acute visit) of: 1) RBJ, 2) nitrate-free RBJ (NF-RBJ), 3) placebo + nitrate (PBO + NIT), or 4) placebo (PBO), followed by a HFM. RHI was remeasured 4 h post-HFM, and hemodynamic assessment and biological sample collection were performed 1, 2, and 4 h post-HFM consumption. Participants consumed treatments daily for 4 wk (chronic visit), and assessments were repeated before/after the HFM (without consuming treatments). Results HFM consumption did not induce significant impairment of postprandial RHI. No significant differences in RHI were detected across treatment groups following acute or chronic exposure, despite increases in circulating nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentrations in the RBJ and PBO + NIT groups compared with PBO and NF-RBJ (P < 0.0001 for all time points at the acute visit; P < 0.05 for all time points at the chronic visit). Although the HFM led to significant alterations in several secondary outcomes, there were no consistent treatment effects on postprandial cardiometabolic responses. Conclusions HFM consumption did not impair postprandial endothelial function in this population, and RBJ exposure did not alter postprandial endothelial function or other outcomes despite increasing NOx concentrations. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02949115.
Why not Wye-Wye Transformers?

In 2013 a campus consisting of 14 buildings and associated wye-wye transformers ranging from 500 to 1000 kVA, experienced in the first five years, five transformer failures with one transformer failing twice. The campus is constantly expanding. The discussion of the investigation into the failures began with the types of engineering design firms, the types of distribution systems, but also the various transformations available, and analysis of the service entrance equipment. The campus distribution system was analyzed, comparisons made with other types of distribution systems along with the system protection, including the individual transformers’ protection. The types of system grounding of the various secondary low-voltage grounding configurations were analyzed and are documented in the paper. The actions taken over the past five years to decrease and eliminate infant mortality of transformers are documented and the results presented. The paper also discusses Williamson College of the Trades’ construction of an independent Energy Island and the interconnection with the local utility involving wye-wye transformation.
CHAPTER 24 – Geometric Series

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the geometric series. it presents the convergence of the Taylor series of some of the most basic functions. Approximation or convergence of Fourier series can be more complicated than for power series. The convergence of the infinite Fourier series is necessarily complicated near the jumps; in fact, one can see that every partial sum is a bad approximation at some x near π.
Study of drag reduction using periodic spanwise grooves on incompressible viscous laminar flows

Engineered surface textures can manipulate boundary layers affecting fluid drag. We study periodic, infinitely long spanwise grooves on a laminar boundary layer over a plate for 1000 $R\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}{e}_{L}$ 25000. Below a certain width-to-depth aspect ratio (AR), a primary vortex inside each groove causes the freestream to ``slip over'', reducing skin friction. Increasing AR poses a tradeoff in drag reduction due to pressure drag from groove vertical walls. Overall, transverse grooves for laminar flow can reduce total drag up to 10% compared to a flat plate, despite increasing the wetted surface area.
Fetal Weight Estimation Using Automated Fractional Limb Volume With 2-Dimensional Size Parameters in Diabetic Pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of adding automated fetal fractional limb volume (FLV) with conventional 2-dimensional (2D) fetal weight estimation procedures in a cohort of diabetic pregnancies. METHODS A pilot study of diabetic pregnancies measured standard fetal biometry within 7 days of delivery. Fractional arm volume (AVol) and fractional thigh volume (TVol) soft tissue parameters were measured with a commercially available automated software utility (5D Limb Vol; Samsung Medison Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Three conventional weight prediction models that included only 2D size parameters were compared to FLV models that included AVol or TVol. Estimated and actual birth weight (BW) were assessed for the mean percent difference ± standard deviation of the percent differences. Systematic errors were evaluated by the Student t test, and random errors were compared by the Pitman test for correlated variances. The proportion of neonates with estimated fetal weight within 10% of BW was compared between groups by the McNemar test. RESULTS Ninety gravid women were enrolled with pregestational (26.7%) or gestational (73.3%) diabetes. All prediction models were accurate, with the exception of small underestimations by the model of Schild et al (-3.8%; Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 23:30-35). Random errors for the AVol (6.2%) and TVol (6.9%) models were significantly more precise than the other 3 prediction models: Hadlock et al (7.8%; Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151:333-337), INTERGROWTH-21st (8.0%; Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49:478-486), and Schild et al (8.6%; P < .01). The greatest proportion of cases with BW ±10% was also classified by the AVol (91.1%) and TVol (91.1%) models, followed by Hadlock (83.3%), INTERGROWTH-21st (78.9%), and Schild (76.7%) predictions. CONCLUSIONS The addition of automated FLV measurements to conventional 2D biometry was associated with improved weight predictions in this cohort of diabetic pregnancies.