cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of sea water on frogs (Rana pipiens).

Abstract 1. 1. Leopard frogs ( Rana pipiens ) die within an hour of being placed in sea water. This is due to the effects of the sodium concentration per se , rather than the osmotic effect of the solution. 2. 2. Some sodium is accumulated by drinking and a substantial amount enters across the skin as a result of loss in restrictive permeability to this ion.
Assisted reproductive technology has been detrimental to academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility: depth of the problem and possible solutions.

Dr. Soules' editorial (1) points out some, but not all, of the detrimental effects of assisted reproductive technology on the subspecialty of academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility. This response adds to the list of problems (i.e., discussing the loss of pure endocrinology) but points out an example of a creative solution (i.e., merging academic units with private practices).
Crossing-over in the long arm of the X and Y chromosomes in Anopheles culicifacies

Genetic and cytogenetic investigations of two unstable Y-linked translocations in Anopheles culicifacies indicate that crossing over can occur between the X and Y chromosomes in this species. Moreover, these observations suggest that the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes are homologous and that the sex determining mechanism(s) is located in the short arms.
Glycoprotein molecular-weight estimation using sodium dodecyl sulfate-pore gradient electrophoresis: comparison of tris-glycine and tris-borate-EDTA buffer systems.

Abstract The accuracy of molecular-weight estimates for glycoproteins was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-pore gradient electrophoresis. The methods for the gradient gel preparation and the electrophoretic conditions are presented in detail. Three glycoproteins of known molecular weights—ovalbumin, avidin, and fetuin, with respective carbohydrate contents of 2–3, 8–10, and 22%—were evaluated in a Tris-glycine buffer system and a Tris-borate-EDTA buffer system with and without reduction by β-mercaptoethanol. A high degree of accuracy in the molecular-weight estimates for these glycoproteins was obtained using several of these systems. This suggests that both the gradient gel system as well as the formation of borate complexes with the individual carbohydrate moieties of the glycoprotein contribute to the precision of the molecular-weight estimate. Deviations in the molecular-weight estimates in the reduced and nonreduced state, however, imply that the physical properties of the individual glycoprotein ultimately govern the accuracy of the molecular-weight estimate. Based on these observations, a strategy is presented for estimating the molecular weights of glycoproteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-pore gradient electrophoresis, particularly as related to complex membrane systems.
RESIDENTIAL LOCATION OF THE SERVICE-DEPENDENT POOR∗

ABSTRACT The pattern of human service facilities in Philadelphia affects and is affected by the distribution of poor, nonworking households who use those facilities. Spatial linkages arise because clients need to be close to support facilities. Service providers seek to locate facilities in areas most accessible to potential users. Minimal cash incomes of service-dependent households and budget limitations of service agencies constrain service-dependents and facilities to Philadelphia's oldest and most deteriorated neighborhoods. Ghettoization of the non-working poor and their support services in the inner city is most likely detrimental to the service-dependent themselves, and in addition acts as a barrier to urban revitalization.
An abstract approach to higher level forms and rigidity

We suggest an abstract framework for Becker & Rosenberg's reduced theory of higher level forms and Witt rings over a field. along the lines of Marshall's Spaces of Orderings treatment of the reduce...
The return of centralization to Chicago: using repeat sales to identify changes in house price distance gradients

Abstract Distance gradients for the unit price of housing can only be estimated accurately from a simple hedonic house value function if data are available on all housing characteristics. A simple extension of the repeat sales estimator makes it possible to identify changes in the distance gradient over time. The estimates suggest a dramatic return of centralization to the Chicago housing market. After a long period during which house prices were not affected by distance from the central business district, values now decline by more than 8% per mile.
Prompt Recognition and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Leads to Favorable Myocardial Recovery After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Pediatric Case Report

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is extremely rare in children, and unlike the adult disease, the etiology of the infarction is rarely due to atherosclerotic coronary disease. This unique reported case involved a 15-year-old boy with severe chest pain who presented with an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction secondary to in situ thrombus formation in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) had a Q-wave pattern in V6 and ST depression in the inferior leads with ST-segment elevation in reciprocal leads. The cardiac enzymes and routine labs showed evidence of myocardial damage. The boy was urgently taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention, where complete occlusion of the LAD was found and successfully stented. Eventually, a peripheral blood smear showed pancytopenia with 38 % hypergranular blast-like cells consistent with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chemotherapy with all-transretinoic acid was implemented. This first pediatric case report of an AML-associated AMI emphasizes the benefit resulting from expedient reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium by quick reestablishment of coronary perfusion. It also emphasizes the limitations of existing noninvasive technologies in detecting myocardial viability.
The effect of native point defect thermodynamics on off-stoichiometry in β-Mg17Al12

The mechanical strength of Mg-Al-Zn alloys can be affected by a fine spatial dispersion of {beta}-Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} precipitates in the Mg matrix. In an effort to understand the phase stability and the unusual asymmetric off-stoichiometry observed in {beta}-Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}, we have performed a series of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations of bulk and defect properties of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}. Specifically, we consider native point defects (i.e. vacancies and anti-sites) in all four sublattices of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}, i.e. 2a, 8c, 24g (Mg) and 24g (Al). The T = 0 K static energies of defect Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} supercells indicate that anti-site defects are energetically favored over vacancies, and the lowest anti-site defect formation energies are in 24g sites for both Al{sub Mg} and Mg{sub Al}. These Al-rich and Mg-rich anti-site defect formation energies are similar in magnitude, and thus do not explain the asymmetric off-stoichiometry of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}. We also investigate the effect of atomic vibrations via DFT phonon calculations on native point defect free energies of Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} and combine these entropic contributions with the point defect formation energies to evaluate the thermodynamics of off-stoichiometry in this phase. We find that the formation ofmore » the Al{sub Mg} anti-site is not strongly stabilized by vibrational entropy. Thus, we conclude that the observed asymmetry in the off-stoichiometry of the {beta}-Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} phase in the Mg-Al phase diagram is not explained by simple native point defect thermodynamics, and must involve a more complicated defect formation mechanism, such as multi-defect clustering.« less
Nanosecond retinal structure changes in K-590 during the room-temperature bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: picosecond time-resolved coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy

Time-resolved vibrational spectra are used to elucidate the structural changes in the retinal chromophore within the K-590 intermediate that precedes the formation of the L-550 intermediate in the room-temperature (RT) bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle. Measured by picosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (PTR/CARS), these vibrational data are recorded within the 750 cm-1 to 1720 cm-1 spectral region and with time delays of 50–260 ns after the RT/BR photocycle is optically initiated by pulsed (
A GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF AERIAL PHOTOS1

(1964). A GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF AERIAL PHOTOS. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 318-328.
A mutual inductance shocker

A simple dc shock-generating device is described. The principle of operation relies upon the mutual inductance effect between the primary and secondary coils of a transformer.
Tracking People by Evolving Social Groups: An Approach with Social Network Perspective

We address the problem of multi-people tracking in unconstrained and semi-crowded scenes. People typically walk in groups that split and merge over time. The evolving or dynamic social group property embodies pedestrians' connections and interactions during walking which we attempt to identify and exploit in this paper. To this end, instead of seeking more robust appearance or motion models to track each person as an isolated moving entity, we pose the multi-people tracking problem as a group-based track lets association problem using the discovered social groups of track lets as the contextual cues. We formulate tracking the evolution of social groups of track lets as detecting closely connected communities in a "track let interaction network" (TIN) with nodes standing for the track lets and edges denoting the spatio-temporal co-occurrence correlations measured by the edge weights. We incorporate the detected social groups in the track let interaction network to improve multi-people tracking performance. We evaluate our approach against state-of-the-art and show improvements on three real-world datasets.
SU-FF-I-86: Commissioning and Evaluation of An Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel Digital Imaging System (XRD 1640, Perkin Elmer) for Its Application in Proton Beam Therapy

Purpose: Accurate, patient‐specific anatomical information is a prerequisite for successful radiation therapy planning and delivery to the tumor, while minimizing dose to surrounding tissues. A new FPDI system (XRD 1640, Perkin Elmer) was installed and commissioned replacing a CCD and mirror‐based digital imager (DI, Optivus). The details of the tests performed during the commissioning will be presented. Methods and Materials: Rando phantom is used for testing patient orientation in the imager. A RMI magnification plate and a radio‐opaque ruler are used to measure the magnification factor of the imaging system. A black‐hole phantom along with a line‐pair phantom, aluminum and copper plates are used to measure the image quality. To test the alignment of two sources (x‐ray and proton), the x‐rays and proton beam double‐exposure (one x‐ray and one proton) was done on two cross‐wires (one in the aperture and one in front of FPDI) at four cardinal angles. To test the drift of the nozzle, the same test (with two double‐exposures) was done for nozzle at fully extended and fully retracted positions and at different gantry angles. Results: FPDI requires low x‐ray energy settings (90 kVp, 20–40 mAs) for collecting images of similar quality when compared to the previous imager (105 kVp, 250 mAs). The acceptance test showed the maximum high‐contrast spatial visibility (resolution) of 0.8 line pairs per mm and the maximum low‐contrast visibility (resolution) of 0.5 mm diameter circular objects. The images obtained from double‐exposure as well as two double‐exposures showed the coincidence within 1 mm. The FPDI images obtained from Rando phantom depicted differences to the images of exported DRRs, which enabled the correct adjustment of the phantom alignment and orientation. Conclusion: When compared to the previous imager, FPDI provides a sharper image for locating the landmarks for patient alignment with less exposure to the patient.
Energy-Efficient Cooperative Communication based on Power Control and Selective Relay in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cooperative communication with single relay selection is a simple yet effective communication scheme for energy-constrained networks. In this paper; we investigate the minimum energy relay selection mechanism jointly with transmission power control. Based on the proposed MAC layer signaling, a set of potential relays determine their needed transmission power to participate in the cooperative communication, while only the "best" one is chosen to minimize the overall energy consumption. The relay selection is done in a distributed manner with minimum overhead. Numerical and simulation results confirm significant energy savings and outage improvement of the proposed scheme relative to direct transmission alternatives.
Systemic Lymphadenopathy as the Initial Presentation of Malignant Mesothelioma: A Report of Three Cases

Systemic lymph node metastasis is a rare event in malignant mesothelioma. It is even more exceptional when systemic lymph node metastasis is the initial clinical presentation. Review of literature discloses only four cases in which metastatic lymphadenopathy was the only symptom of malignant mesothelioma. We, herewith, report three cases where the initial diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma was made by biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes, which were the only clinical presentation. Immunohistochemistry played a pivotal role in elucidating the mesothelial origin of their unusual systemic lymph node metastasis.
Economic comparison of fuel cell powered forklifts to battery powered forklifts

This paper presents an economic comparison of fuel cell powered forklifts to various types of battery powered forklifts. The total costs of ownership of each technology is calculated and compared over their economic lifetimes and at varying workloads to determine the economic costs or benefits associated with each technology. The study is novel compared to the previous literature in that all data sources are referenced, it includes a model that is scalable by facility workload, and it includes the economic costs of hydrogen storage and charging infrastructure. Results show that fuel cell forklifts are more expensive to purchase and operate that battery powered forklifts for the types of facilities considered in this analysis. Fast charge forklifts are shown to be economically advantaged at high workloads relative to conventional battery-swapping forklifts.
Progress on the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies Against HIV Type 1 (HIV-1)

Infection with HIV type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, is one of the most catastrophic pandemics to affect human healthcare in the latter 20th century. The best hope of controlling this pandemic is the development of a successful prophylactic vaccine. However, to date, this goal has proven to be exceptionally elusive. The recent failure of an experimental vaccine in a phase IIb study, named the STEP trial, intended solely to elicit cell-mediated immune responses against HIV-1, has highlighted the need for a balanced immune response consisting of not only cellular immunity but also a broad and potent humoral antibody response that can prevent infection with HIV-1. This article reviews the efforts made up to this point to elicit such antibody responses, especially with regard to the use of a DNA prime-protein boost regimen, which has been proven to be a highly effective platform for the induction of neutralizing antibodies in both animal and early-phase human studies.
Challenges of Interdisciplinary Research: Reconciling Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Understanding Human–Landscape Systems

While interdisciplinary research is increasingly practiced as a way to transcend the limitations of individual disciplines, our concepts, and methods are primarily rooted in the disciplines that shape the way we think about the world and how we conduct research. While natural and social scientists may share a general understanding of how science is conducted, disciplinary differences in methodologies quickly emerge during interdisciplinary research efforts. This paper briefly introduces and reviews different philosophical underpinnings of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches and introduces the idea that a pragmatic, realistic approach may allow natural and social scientists to work together productively. While realism assumes that there is a reality that exists independently of our perceptions, the work of scientists is to explore the mechanisms by which actions cause meaningful outcomes and the conditions under which the mechanisms can act. Our task as interdisciplinary researchers is to use the insights of our disciplines in the context of the problem to co-produce an explanation for the variables of interest. Research on qualities necessary for successful interdisciplinary researchers is also discussed along with recent efforts by funding agencies and academia to increase capacities for interdisciplinary research.
Solid-State NMR Studies of the Formation of Monomers and Dimers in Stearic Acid Confined in Titanate Nanotubes

This work employs two-dimensional solid-state NMR methods to uncover the structure and molecular arrangement of physically trapped stearic acid (SA) inside a titanate nanotube (TiNT). Thermal annealing the mixture of SA and the water-washed TiNT is shown to induce slow physical trapping of SA into the TiNT. In contrast to that the solid-state bulk exhibits only one carbonyl 13C peak of NMR and consists solely of dimer, the physically trapped SA exhibits two carbonyl 13C peaks with different chemical shifts that are assigned respectively to dimer and monomer both by the 13C homonuclear double-quantum measurement and by the 13C chemical-shift-tensor measurement. The trapped SA monomer and dimer are shown to grow simultaneously during thermal annealing with a constant number ratio between them at ∼1:1. The 13C homonuclear double-quantum and the 1H−13C HETCOR spectra indicate that the trapped SA monomer and dimer do not form separated clusters but are neighbors to each other. As such, the trapped SA in the Ti...
Organization of the V gene segments in mouse T-cell antigen receptor alpha/delta locus.

The mouse T-cell receptor (TCR) [alpha]/[delta] was mapped using 17 V[alpha] and 4 V[delta] subfamily-specific probes. Four complementary methods were used: (1) an estimate of the V gene repertoire by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA with subfamily-specific probes; (2) an analysis of V gene segments deleted by TCR gene rearrangements from a panel of T-cell tumors and hybridomas; (3) an analysis of overlapping clusters of cosmid clones; and (4) an analysis of large DNA fragments separated by field-inversion gel electrophoresis. The [alpha]/[delta] locus spans about 1 Mb. The distance between the 3[prime]-most V gene segments (V[delta]1) and the [delta] constant gene (C[delta]) is no more than 150 kb. Sixty-six V gene segments have been mapped physically on cosmids. The members of individual V[alpha] gene segments subfamilies are dispersed throughout the locus. In contrast, the V[delta] gene segments V[delta]1 to 5 are clustered at the 3[prime] end of the V gene segments cluster. At least two DNA segment duplications, 45 to 80 kb in length, are present in the locus. These data provide information on the evolution of the [alpha]/[delta] locus and on organizational features that might influence the expression of specific V gene segments in [gamma][delta] cells. 35 refs.,more » 5 figs., 2 tabs.« less
The effect of collective bargaining on production technique: A theoretical analysis

A general equilibrium approach is used to model the union effect on capitalintensity of the union and nonunion sectors. Unlike earlier general equilibrium approaches, union power is assumed to be affected by the production technique chosen. The labor relations literature argues that union power is enhanced by a high capital to labor ratio. This assumption is built into a simple two sector (union and nonunion), general equilibrium model. It is found that failing to account for the effects of capital intensity on union power results in an understatement of unions’ ability to redistribute income from capital to labor.
Intractable hiccups during stroke rehabilitation

Abstract Objective: To study the frequency of intractable hiccups during stroke rehabilitation and the impact on rehabilitation management. Design: Case series, retrospective chart review. Setting: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation floor within a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients: Three patients admitted for stroke rehabilitation with hiccups of at least 48 hours out of 270 consecutive cases. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measure: Response to pharmacologic treatment. Results: All three subjects had pontine infarcts and required gastrostomy tube feedings and lengthy rehabilitation stays. Subjects suffered from significant complications including aspiration pneumonia, respiratory arrest, and nutritional depletion. Chlorpromazine treatment was terminated in all three subjects because of sedation that interfered with therapies. Treatment with carbamazepine was successful in only one patient; in the other two subjects, their hiccups were controlled with haloperidol or baclofen. All subjects were ultimately managed with a single agent. Conclusions: Pharmacologic interventions for intractable hiccups must be tailored to the unique circumstances of the stroke rehabilitation patient. Intractable hiccups can be associated with potentially fatal consequences, and safe management may require an inpatient rehabilitation setting and multidisciplinary team approach to optimize the feeding management of this challenging population.
Relation of the neuroendocrine system to the development and growth of experimental mammary tumors

The regulation of hormonal influences on mammary tumor development and growth resides in the hypothalamus. The two major hormones essential for mammary tumor development in the rat and mouse, and also for mammary tumor growth in the rat, are prolactin and estrogen. Prolactin secretion is directly controlled by the hypothalamus, and estrogen indirectly via the pituitary gonadotropins. Treatments that increase prolactin secretion in the rat and mouse increase the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors, whereas treatments that decrease prolactin or estrogen secretion decrease the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in these species. In carcinogen treated rats, either an increase or decrease in prolactin or ovarian hormones inhibits development of mammary cancers.
Effects of chronic crowding stress on midbrain development: Changes in dendritic spine density and morphology in jewel fish optic tectum

This study investigates the effects of a biologically relevant stressor, crowding, on the development of neurons in the major teleostean brain area, the optic tectum. Adult jewel fish were reared for approximately 4 years under conditions of moderate density (3.3 liter/fish), or under uncrowded control conditions (25 liter/fish). Quantitative morphometric measures of Golgi-stained tissue were used to test whether long-term crowding at moderate density produced developmental deficits lasting beyond the juvenile period. Chronic crowding did not affect body size or gross tectal growth. However, crowding significantly decreased the density of dendritic spine formation on apical dendrites of pyriform interneurons in the basal region of the tectum (stratum album centrale). Additionally, the shapes of spines on this segment of the apical dendrite were altered by crowding: relative frequencies of overall spine length and spine stem length changed significantly. These results are interpreted in the context of cytoarchitectural changes produced by more extreme developmental stressors in previous studies.
Implementing a virtual community of interest at Capella University

The School of Business and Technology (SOBT) at Capella University has embarked on a "Community of Interest" (COI) pilot implementation aimed at enriching the experience of learners and faculty engaged in its online academic environment. The COI achieves this goal by providing a feature-rich set of avenues for communication and collaboration on a social networking platform. This interaction encourages the free sharing, reviewing, and generation of knowledge, facilitating learner-learner, learner-faculty, and faculty-faculty interaction and supporting the research process. For Ph.D. learners, the COI bridges the gap between the online classrooms and face-to-face residency sessions. For faculty, it provides a place to collaborate and communicate about a variety of issues and projects outside of meetings and conference calls..An earlier paper [9] provided the rationale for building a virtual COI for stakeholders outside the confines of online classrooms. This paper reports on the experience gained by implementing a pilot social networking website serving the needs of those Ph.D. learners and faculty in specializations related to Information Technology (IT) or IT Management.The website was first implemented utilizing the social networking tool Elgg". Migration to LifeRay" is underway. The paper describes the platform capabilities, user activities, benefits observed, and user experience in this pilot implementation. It suggests best practices intended to keep the COI flourishing and allow the expansion of the COI to a wider learner and faculty community at the university level.
Evaluation of protocols for availability, reliability and consistency of replicated files

Abstract This paper puts forward a PASCAL simulation model to evaluate the performance of three access policy protocols for replicated files in distributed systems. The three protocols are: static majority consensus voting, dynamic voting and lexicographic dynamic voting. The main objective of these protocols is to ensure the consistency of data in replicated files of distributed systems. The results show that lexicographic dynamic voting performs better than majority consensus and dynamic voting for all cases under study. The dynamic voting outperformed the majority consensus voting when there are four or more copies; the reverse is true when there are three copies. Also, it is found that adding a fourth copy to a basic set of three under the majority consensus voting reduces file availability; whereas adding a fifth copy improves the availability.
Surgeons' knowledge and practices regarding the role of radiation therapy in breast cancer management

Purpose Population-based studies suggest underuse of radiation therapy, especially after mastectomy. Because radiation oncology is a referral-based specialty, knowledge and attitudes of upstream providers, specifically surgeons, may influence patients' decisions regarding radiation, including whether it is even considered. Therefore, we sought to evaluate surgeons' knowledge of pertinent risk information, their patterns of referral, and the correlates of surgeon knowledge and referral in specific breast cancer scenarios. Methods and Materials We surveyed a national sample of 750 surgeons, with a 67% response rate. We analyzed responses from those who had seen at least 1 breast cancer patient in the past year (n=403), using logistic regression models to identify correlates of knowledge and appropriate referral. Results Overall, 87% of respondents were general surgeons, and 64% saw >10 breast cancer patients in the previous year. In a scenario involving a 45-year-old undergoing lumpectomy, only 45% correctly estimated the risk of locoregional recurrence without radiation therapy, but 97% would refer to radiation oncology. In a patient with 2 of 20 nodes involved after mastectomy, 30% would neither refer to radiation oncology nor provide accurate information to make radiation decisions. In a patient with 4 of 20 nodes involved after mastectomy, 9% would not refer to radiation oncology. Fewer than half knew that the Oxford meta-analysis revealed a survival benefit from radiation therapy after lumpectomy (45%) or mastectomy (32%). Only 16% passed a 7-item knowledge test; female and more-experienced surgeons were more likely to pass. Factors significantly associated with appropriate referral to radiation oncology included breast cancer volume, tumor board participation, and knowledge. Conclusions Many surgeons have inadequate knowledge regarding the role of radiation in breast cancer management, especially after mastectomy. Targeted educational interventions may improve the quality of care.
Tuberculous Granuloma Induction via Interaction of a Bacterial Secreted Protein with Host Epithelium

Granulomas, organized aggregates of immune cells, are a hallmark of tuberculosis and have traditionally been thought to restrict mycobacterial growth. However, analysis of Mycobacterium marinum in zebrafish has shown that the early granuloma facilitates mycobacterial growth; uninfected macrophages are recruited to the granuloma where they are productively infected by M. marinum. Here, we identified the molecular mechanism by which mycobacteria induce granulomas: The bacterial secreted protein 6-kD early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6), which has long been implicated in virulence, induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in epithelial cells neighboring infected macrophages. MMP9 enhanced recruitment of macrophages, which contributed to nascent granuloma maturation and bacterial growth. Disruption of MMP9 function attenuated granuloma formation and bacterial growth. Thus, interception of epithelial MMP9 production could hold promise as a host-targeting tuberculosis therapy.
Laboratory Experience with In Situ Detection of Beryllium in Biological Specimens

Suitable microspectrochemical techniques have been devised for the laser microprobe made by the Jarrell–Ash Co. to detect beryllium in histologic structures. Density and type of tissue, thickness of the specimen, character of the embedding medium, concentration and localization of the element, and the penetrability of the laser beam must be considered in preparing biological specimens for chemical analysis by the microspectrochemical technique. Advantages of this technique are the identification of specific elements in situ and the correlation of the presence of the element with a specific histologic structure.
The Arabidopsis thaliana AT PRP39-1 gene, encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat protein with similarity to the yeast pre-mRNA processing protein PRP39, affects flowering time

Flowering is regulated by a network integrated from four major pathways, including the photoperiod, vernalization, gibberellin, and autonomous pathways. RNA processing within the autonomous pathway is well known to regulate Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time. Here we identify a novel Arabidopsis gene, designated AT PRP39-1, that affects flowering time. Based on observations that homozygous at prp39-1 plants are late flowering under both long and short days and responsive to GA and vernalization treatment, we tentatively conclude that AT PRP39-1 may represent a new component of the autonomous pathway. Consistent with previous studies on genes of the autonomous pathway, knockout of AT PRP39-1 in Arabidopsis displays an upregulation of the steady state level of FLC, and simultaneous downregulation of FT and SOC1 transcript levels in adult tissues. AT PRP39-1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat protein with a similarity to a yeast mRNA processing protein Prp39p, suggesting that the involvement of these tetratricopeptide repeat proteins in RNA processing is conserved among yeast, human, and plants. Structure modeling suggests that AT PRP39-1 has two TPR superhelical domains suitable for target protein binding. We discuss how AT PRP39-1 may function in the control of flowering in the context of the autonomous pathway.
Toothbrushing With Hydrogen Peroxide‐Sodium Bicarbonate Compared to Toothpowder and Water in Reducing Periodontal Pocket Suppuration and Darkfield Bacterial Counts

This study attempted to isolate and test the therapeutic effectiveness of toothbrushing with hydrogen peroxide-sodium bicarbonate supplemented with scaling and systemic antibiotics. Forty-two subjects selected for pocket suppuration were divided into two groups. Group I was treated sequentially with brushing, scaling and systemic antibiotics. Group II was treated with brushing and scaling performed concurrently. Half of each group were control subjects using an inert toothpowder. Subjects were monitored by darkfield microscopy for spirochetes and motile rods. In Group I, toothbrushing alone showed approximately a ⅓ reduction in the number of suppuration sites, no difference between experimental and control subgroups and no significant changes in the darkfield counts. Scaling, whether subsequent to the toothbrushing (Group I) or concurrent with the toothbrushing (Group II), showed a statistically significant reduction (about 70%) in the number of suppuration sites in all subgroups. Darkfield counts after s...
Pre-diagnosis body mass index, post-diagnosis weight change, and prognosis among women with early stage breast cancer

Objective We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) around the time of diagnosis, weight change post-diagnosis, and breast cancer prognosis in a prospective cohort study of 1,692 breast cancer survivors.
Evaluation of Highly Alloyed Stainless Materials for CO2/H2S Environments

Abstract Martensitic, autstenitic, ferritic-austenitic, and high-nickel stainless steels and high-iron, nickel-base alloys are tested for their resistance to localized corrosive attack and to stress corrosion cracking in media containing chloride, saturated with CO2/H2S gas. Several testing environments are used in order to simulate service applications in deep H2S wells, deep CO2 wells, and enhanced recovery by CO2 injection. The alloys' performances are compared at different strength levels (0, 20, and 50% cold work), and the effects of temperature and CO2/H2S content are examined. The overall resistance of each class of alloys is outlined. Furthermore, within the same class of alloys, the differences are described with respect to localized corrosion and to stress corrosion cracking resistance.
Histochemical studies of mucins of odontogenic cysts exhibiting mucous metaplasia

Abstract The mucins produced by human mandibular odontogenic cysts exhibiting mucous metaplasia were examined by histochemical staining methods. Evidence is presented that these mucins contain: (a) sialic acid, (b) sulphate groups, which are closely associated with basic protein, and (c) paS-reactive groups, the majority of which appear to belong to substances other than glycogen, lipid or sialic acid. It is not known whether these chemical groups belong to one or more glycoproteins.
Selective substitution and oxidative addition reactions at the iridium vertex in [Re7C(CO)21Ir(C8H14)(CO)]2- and related clusters

Abstract The heterobimetallic cluster complex [Re7C(CO)21Ir(C8H14)(CO)]2− undergoes a variety of reactions (e.g. with carbon monoxide, phosphines, phenylacetylene, hydrosilanes and alkyl halides) selectively at the iridium vertex to give substitution and oxidative addition products. [PPN]+ and/or [Et4N]+ salts of several cluster derivatives, such as [Re7C(CO)21Ir(L)(CO)]2− (L=CO, PMePh2 and PPh3), [Re7C(CO)21Ir(H)(SiPh3)(CO)]2− and [Re7C(CO)21Ir(η3C3H5)(CO)]−have been isolated and fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data. [Re7C(CO)21Ir(CO)2]2− and [Re7C(CO)21Ir(H)(SiPh3)(CO)]2− also react selectively with tertiary phosphines to afford the PMePh2 and PPh3 derivatives [Re7C(CO)21Ir(CO)(PR3)]2−, respectively.
The pathway of glucose degradation in some invertebrates

Abstract 1. 1. The pathway of glucose degradation was investigated in molluscs by determining the end products after incubation of the soft tissues with glucose- U -C 14 . 2. 2. The main product of glucose degradation was found to be succinic acid, with small amounts of lactic acid being formed as well. 3. 3. A mechanism for the formation of succinic acid is proposed on the basis of ancillary information including the relative levels of several enzymes implicated in succinic acid formation. 4. 4. According to the proposed pathway, glucose is degraded to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), but most of the PEP is readily carboxylated to oxalacetate by the action of a very active PEP-carboxykinase. Although the molluscs have an active pyruvate kinase, it is quite clear that the rate of carboxylation of PEP is greater than the conversion of PEP to pyruvate.
Shock-wave compression of sapphire from 15 to 420 kbar. The effects of large anisotropic compressions

Abstract Under shock compression, sapphire (crystalline Al 2 O 3 ) exhibits Hugoniot elastic limit, HEL, values of from 120–210 kbar; the largest values observed for any solid. Because of the large HEL, the stress configuration of the shock-loaded sample is highly anisotropic. A critical examination of the effects of large anisotropic stresses on the compression of solids is accomplished with shock experiments on sapphire in three crystallographic directions at stress values within the elastic range to stress values up to twice the HEL. The maximum shear strengths observed range from 4·9 to 5·6 per cent of the shear modulus. When stresses in excess of the HEL are achieved, sapphire is observed to undergo a catastropic loss of shear strength; in contrast to the yield behavior observed for metals. The results are compared to observations on high density polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 and other solids with large HEL values. The behavior of sapphire is found to be analogous to that previously observed for crystalline SiO 2 . Data in the elastic range show a third order elastic constant C 111 ≈ C 333 =−(3·6±0·4)×10 13 dyne/cm 2 . Analytical methods are developed to determine the shear stress offset independent of the hydrostatic data.
Caloric content of Chukchi Sea benthic invertebrates: Modeling spatial and environmental variation

Abstract The Chukchi Sea shelf off the northern coast of Alaska is rich with infauna and epibenthic macroinvertebrates used by foraging Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) and other benthic-feeding consumers. Recent seasonal sea-ice retreat on the Chukchi Sea shelf has resulted in walrus hauling out in late summer on beaches of the Chukchi Sea in Russia and Alaska rather than on sea ice. Additional energetic costs may be imposed upon walruses traveling from these haul-outs to more productive foraging areas. Here, we provide an energetic assessment of prey items that could be relevant to the foraging energetics of walruses in haul-out locations. Caloric values for 171 potential walrus prey items (comprising 11 classes of benthic fauna) were obtained over 15 southeastern Chukchi Sea stations in 2010. There were statistically significant relationships between caloric content and increasing latitude (R=0.661) and bottom temperature (R=−0.560). Linear modeling indicated that taxon and latitude were the most important explanatory variables for caloric content in the study area, whereas a second model with taxon dependencies removed returned significant coefficients for the explanatory variables of latitude, depth, bottom water temperature, and sediment total organic carbon and nitrogen. K-means cluster analysis identified 6 clusters based mainly upon environmental variables such as bottom temperature, bottom salinity, and other water-column and sediment parameters that explained 86% of the variation in the data. The finding that caloric content varies strongly with latitude, which is a proxy for both water-mass type and associated water-mass productivity in the study area, may have implications for Pacific walrus, whose historical foraging patterns well offshore on sea ice have been disrupted by sea-ice decline.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Aminotroponiminato)titanium(IV) Dialkyl Complexes: Control of Reactivity by Ligand Design

The synthesis and structural characterization of titanium(IV) dialkyl complexes ligated by a new tetradentate C2-symmetric aminotroponiminate ligand are reported. Included are rare examples of ther...
Effect of Co60 Gamma Radiation on Noise Parameters of Bipolar Transistors

Bipolar-transistor noise current and noise voltage were examined in the range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz as a function of ?-dose from ?= 105 Rad)Si) to ? = 1.1 × 107 Rad(Si). A variety of geometries of both NPN and PNP types were utilized. Substantial changes in inT were found for all device types but vnT changed in only certain device types.
Clinically relevant drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and antifungals.

Introduction: Complete delineation of the HIV-1 life cycle has resulted in the development of several antiretroviral drugs. Twenty-five therapeutic agents belonging to five different classes are currently available for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. Advent of triple combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly lowered the mortality rate in HIV patients. However, fungal infections still represent major opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised patients worldwide. Areas covered: Antiretroviral drugs that target enzymes and/or proteins indispensable for viral replication are discussed in this article. Fungal infections, causative organisms, epidemiology and preferred treatment modalities are also outlined. Finally, observed/predicted drug–drug interactions between antiretrovirals and antifungals are summarized along with clinical recommendations. Expert opinion: Concomitant use of amphotericin B and tenofovir must be closely monitored for renal functioning. Due to relatively weak interactive po...
Growth and Governance: Models, Measures, and Mechanisms

The regnant scholarly consensus linking good governance—the quality of public administration—to economic development has undergone surprisingly little empirical scrutiny. We examine the relationship by asking two questions: How confident are we in our cross-national measures of good governance? How solid are the empirical foundations of the growth-governance causal linkage? Our results suggest that the dominant measures of governance are problematic, suffering from perceptual biases, adverse selection in sampling, and conceptual conflation with economic policy choices. Within the limits of somewhat problematic measures, the evidence suggests that there is far more reason to believe that growth and development spur improvements in governance than vice versa. The policy implications are profound, for international organizations and governments are beginning to condition developmental aid on problematic measures of administrative performance.
The Honeybee Abdomen Preparation as a Pharmacological Test System

The use of the excised honeybee abdomen as a biological test system for various groups of pesticides is described. Contractions of the abdomen are recorded with a piezo-electric transducer and a high speed pen writer. Characteristic patterns of response are obtained when organophosphates, carbamates, cyclodiens or diphenyl aliphatic pesticides are administered to the preparation. Responses to less than 1.6 × 10−8 mol of test substances can be obtained. These preliminary studies indicate that the honeybee abdomen preparation may be of value in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace amounts of certain compounds. Zusammenfassung Zur Verwendung des abgetrennten Abdomens der Honigbiene als pharmakologisches Testsystem Unter der Einwirkung verschiedener Insektizide zeigte das abgetrennte Abdomen der Honigbiene charakteristische Zuckungen, die mit Hilfe eines piezo-elektrischen Schreibgerates aufgezeichnet wurden. Derartge Bilder wurden bis zu Verdunnungen von 1,6 × 10−8 mol erzielt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daβ die Reaktionen des abgeschnittenen Bienen-Abdo-mens zur quantitativen und qualitativen Analyse von Spuren bestimmter Substanzen geeignet sind.
On the Frequency Limits of SiGe HBTs for TeraHertz Applications

We report record fmax for a silicon-based transistor, and the first combined set of f1+ fmax above one-terahertz for silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs). Peak fmax of 618 GHz and frfloor of 463 GHz at 4.5 K (chuck temperature) were measured for a scaled 0.12 times 2.5 mum-SiGe HBT (343 / 309 GHz at 300 K), at a breakdown voltage BVCEO of 1.62 V (1.70 at 300 K), yielding a record fT x BVCEO product of 750 GHz-V (510 GHz-V at 300 K). An examination of base transport in these devices at low temperatures suggests non-equilibrium effects are operative.
Edge detection via a fast and adaptive bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

This paper presents a new approach of edge detection utilizing bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) technique. For this purpose a recently developed fast and adaptive BEMD (FABEMD) is employed to decompose the given image into several bidimensional intrinsic mode functions (BIMFs). In FABEMD, order statistics filters (OSFs) are employed to get the upper and lower envelopes in the decomposition process, instead of the surface interpolation, which enables fast decomposition and well characterized BIMFs. Since the first BIMF provides the highest local spatial variations and/or scales of the image, this BIMF is then processed for obtaining the edge. Binarization and morphological operations are applied as post processing operations to the first BIMF to achieve the desired edge map. The proposed method is compared with two other standard techniques namely, Canny and Sobel edge operators. Simulation results with real images demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for edge detection.
Photosensitisers for the photodynamic therapy of cancer and other diseases

Photodynamic therapy is a relatively recent addition to the clinic, primarily for the treatment of cancer but also for psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration and other diseases. Photodynamic therapy utilises a photosensitiser that targets the disease site to produce a photochemical reaction following delivery of light. The properties of the photosensitiser are critical to the outcome of the technique and numerous classes have been developed in the past decade, including porphyrins and related compounds, chlorins, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, texaphyrins, core-modified porphyrins and various cationic dyes. The potential of this technique is apparent from the extensive number of patents that have been awarded over the past three years.
Multivariate glyphs for multi-object clusters

Aggregating items can simplify the display of huge quantities of data values at the cost of losing information about the attribute values of the individual items. We propose a distribution glyph, in both two- and three-dimensional forms, which specifically addresses the concept of how the aggregated data is distributed over the possible range of values. It is capable of displaying distribution, variability and extent information for up to four attributes at a time of multivariate, clustered data. User studies validate the concept, showing that both glyphs are just as good as raw data and the 3D glyph is better for answering some questions.
A quadratic programming approach for solving the l/sub 1/ multi-block problem

We present a new method to compute solutions to the general multi-block l/sub 1/ control problem. The method is based on solving a standard H/sub 2/ problem and a finite-dimensional semidefinite quadratic programming problem of appropriate dimension. The new method has most of the properties that separately characterize many existing approaches, in particular, as the dimension of the quadratic programming problem increases, this method provides converging upper and lower bounds on the optimal l/sub 1/ norm and, for well posed multi-block problems, ensures the convergence in norm of the suboptimal solutions to an optimal l/sub 1/ solution. The new method does not require the computation of the interpolation conditions, and it allows the direct computation of the suboptimal controller.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Instructional Coaching for Teachers of Diverse Learners

This longitudinal mixed-methods study investigates the efficacy and sustainability of instructional coaching outcomes among urban elementary teachers (N = 36) using focus group and quantitative pre...