cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Will the Internet of Things Disrupt Healthcare

This essay considers the potential for the Internet of Health Things (IoHT). Initial interest on emerging technologies that could benefit individual and population health has focused on health applications installed on mobile computing platforms and wearable devices. Increasingly, however, attention should extend to a far larger cohort of networked connected devices known as the Internet of Things (IoT), an environment where devices communicate with each other and, potentially, mobile health apps and wearables. The resulting Internet of Health Things promises to do things no conventional health providers have been able to do (or do it faster and cheaper). First, they are always on, providing 24x7 monitoring of the patient or pre-patient. Second, the multiple sensors contained in smartphones or second generation wearables such as the Apple watch are professional-grade. Third, our smartphones and wearables are highly context-aware, with knowledge of place, temperature, surrounding and, increasingly, of other people and things around us. Fourth, they are smart and capable of learning, often leveraging sophisticated, cloud-based analytics. However, the Internet of Health Things is, at least in comparison to conventional healthcare, unregulated or, at best, under-regulated. Three areas of concern are identified and analyzed (1) effectiveness and quality (2) data protection (including pre-patient expectations) and (3) device safety and quality. The essay concludes on a positive note, examining ways in which the IoHT can improve both traditional healthcare and create new, disruptive approaches to technologically-mediated care.
p53-independent ibrutinib responses in an Eμ-TCL1 mouse model demonstrates efficacy in high-risk CLL

Deletion of the short-arm of chromosome 17 (17p-) is one of the most critical genetic alterations used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) risk stratification. The tumor suppressor TP53 maps to this region, and its loss or mutation accelerates CLL progression, hampers response to chemotherapy and shortens survival. Although florescent in situ hybridization analyses for 17p deletions are routinely performed during clinical diagnoses, p53 mutational status is often unexamined. Given the limited clinical data that exists for frontline treatment of patients with CLL harboring TP53 mutations, there is a need to understand the biology of CLL with TP53 mutations and identify treatment strategies for this subset of patients. Herein, we used a CLL mouse model (Eμ-TCL1) harboring one of the most common TP53 hot-spot mutations observed in CLL (p53(R172H), corresponding to p53(R175H) in humans) to evaluate its impact on disease progression, survival, response to therapy and loss of the remaining wild-type Trp53 allele following ibrutinib treatment. We show that ibrutinib was effective in increasing survival, activating cellular programs outside the p53 pathway and did not place selective pressure on the remaining wild-type Trp53 allele. These data provide evidence that ibrutinib acts as an effective treatment for aggressive forms of CLL with TP53 mutations.
ALIGNMENT OF EFFORT: RECRUITMENT INTO UNDERGRADUATE AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS PROGRAMS

Despite high employment rates and starting salaries for qualified graduates of agribusiness, agricultural, and applied economics (AAAE) programs, several AAAE departments have experienced years of low enrollment. This study offers insight into how AAAE programs can more effectively market themselves and recruit undergraduate students through analysis of a nationwide survey of college and department personnel and a statewide survey of high school students. Findings reveal important differences between students’ preferred information and message sources and those currently used. Gaps in understanding of AAAE across administrative units are also identified. Specific program awareness, marketing, and student recruitment recommendations are offered.
The nuances of lymphocytopenia

We have discussed the causes of lymphocytopenia and attempted to categorize them according to pathogenesis. This effort may be tenuous at best, because so much is still unknown about lymphocyte function and kinetics. In describing pathogenesis we have reported what has been published and not speculated on mechanisms when they were not stated. Many of these reports were decades apart, and the technical resources available to the investigators were varied. We suspect, for example, that many of the lymphocyte changes secondary to inflammation and infection will have a common pathogenesis (for example, cytokines and endotoxins). Undoubtedly, the picture will become much clearer in the years ahead.
Relationship Between Subtypes of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Sleep Disturbance in Autism Spectrum Disorder

We examined the association of two types of restricted and repetitive behaviors, repetitive sensory motor (RSM) and insistence on sameness (IS), with sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants included 532 children (aged 2–17) who participated in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network research registry. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised detected the presence of RSM and IS. RSM behaviors were positively associated with parent-reported sleep problems, and this relationship remained significant after controlling for anxiety symptoms. IS was not significantly associated with sleep problems. Better understanding of the relationship between specific types of repetitive behaviors and sleep problems may allow providers to tailor interventions to the individual presentations of their patients with ASD.
Humeral Shaft Fracture Fixation: Incidence Rates and Complications as Reported by American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II Candidates.

Background: Despite extensive research regarding patient outcomes after operative fixation of humeral shaft fractures by means of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or intramedullary nailing (IMN), no current consensus exists regarding the optimal surgical treatment. The objective of this study was to compare IMN and plate fixation (ORIF) of humeral shaft fractures by using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II operative database to analyze incidence rates, changes in management trends over time, early complications, and factors affecting the management choice. Methods: The ABOS database is a collection of surgical cases that are self-reported by orthopaedic candidates approved for admission to the ABOS oral examination. The database was searched for records from 2004 to 2013 for humeral shaft surgical cases as indicated by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 24515 (open reduction internal fixation) and 24516 (insertion of intramedullary nail) pertaining to humeral shaft fractures. The geographic region and fellowship training of the candidates; the year of surgery, diagnosis code, age, and sex of the patients; and the surgeon-reported complications were analyzed. Results: The search identified 3,430 surgically treated humeral shaft fractures that were reported to the ABOS database from 2004 to 2013. A significant decline in IMN use was seen from 2004 (42.9%) to 2013 (21.2%, p < 0.001). The IMN cohort had lower complication rates pertaining to both infections (1.5% compared with 3.0% for ORIF, p = 0.007) and nerve palsies (3.1% compared with 7.8%, p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen in the rate of nonunion (1.3% for IMN compared with 1.6% for ORIF, p = 0.63), although follow-up may be too short to demonstrate a difference. The IMN cohort did have significantly higher mortality (4.9% compared with 0.7% for ORIF, p < 0.001). Subset analysis demonstrated that the IMN cohort had significantly more pathologic fractures (26.8% compared with 1.5% of the fractures treated with ORIF, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the overall incidence of fixation of humeral shaft fractures was unchanged from 2004 to 2013, there was a significant shift from IMN to ORIF using plate fixation during this time period. Possible reasons for this shift in treatment to ORIF include the potential impact of recent publications highlighting complications of IMN and increased surgeon attention to cost containment. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Summary Findings from the AVT-191 Project to Assess Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification Methods for Military Vehicle Design

A NATO symposium held in Greece in 2008 identified many promising sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification technologies, but the maturity and suitability of these methods for realistic applications was not clear. The NATO Science and Technology Organization, Task Group AVT-191 was established to evaluate the maturity and suitability of various sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification methods for application to realistic vehicle development problems. The program ran from 2011 to 2015, and the work was organized into four discipline-centric teams: external aerodynamics, internal aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, and hydrodynamics. This paper summarizes findings and lessons learned from the task group.
Hair and Nail Manifestations of Systemic Disease

The hair and nails provide valuable clues for physical diagnosis of systemic disease. This review provides an organ system-based framework to categorize hair and nail manifestations of systemic disease, and highlights recent discoveries in the pathobiology of appendageal disease. Endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome can present with hirsutism and female pattern hair thinning. Autoimmune thyroid disease is associated with other autoimmune disorders like atopy, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents result in anagen or telogen effluvium and nail changes mediated by p53, while molecular-targeted therapies like EGFR inhibitors commonly cause folliculitis and paronychia. The hair and nails are appendageal structures of the skin that provide important physical diagnostic clues. Systemic diseases may affect their texture, color, shape, and growth. Physicians should be aware of certain pathognomonic findings that can trigger further diagnostic workup for systemic disease.
Effects of Correlated and Uncorrelated Gamma Rays on Neutron Multiplicity Counting

Neutron multiplicity counting relies on time correlation between neutron signals to assay the fissile mass, ( $\alpha $ ,n) to spontaneous fission neutron ratio, and neutron self-multiplication of samples. Gamma-ray sensitive neutron multiplicity counters may misidentify gamma rays as neutrons and therefore miscalculate sample characteristics. Time correlated and uncorrelated gamma-ray-like signals were added into gamma-ray free neutron multiplicity counter data to examine the effects of gamma-ray signals being misidentified as neutron signals on assays. Multiplicity counter measurements with and without gamma-ray-like signals were compared to determine the assay error associated with gamma-ray-like signals at various gamma-ray and neutron rates. Correlated and uncorrelated gamma-ray signals each produced consistent but different measurement errors. Correlated gamma-ray signals most strongly led to fissile mass overestimates, whereas uncorrelated gamma-ray signals most strongly lead to ( $\alpha $ ,n) neutron overestimates. Accounting for the effects of gamma rays on gamma-ray sensitive neutron multiplicity counters may allow these effects to be compensated for, thus mitigating the assay error associated with misidentified gamma rays.
The Institutional Diversity of Disease Prevention and Epidemiology

This paper reviews the economic literature on epidemiology, explores the collective action problem associated with disease prevention, and highlights the diverse formal and informal institutions that encourage preventative behavior. Within institutions of private sector firms, liability law, and particular informal norms, people have incentives to resolve collective action problems associated with disease prevention. These incentives show that private individuals can coordinate the prevention of diseases like malaria, ebola, and HIV. Public health policy and government interventions become one of the many ways people can coordinate the prevention of infectious diseases. In this view, economic analysis of epidemiology can incorporate diverse human interactions in response to widespread health disasters, from entrepreneurship and the formation of a firm, to liability law and informal norms.
Stress-induced formation of structural defects on the {311} planes of silicon

Structural defects occurring on the [l brace]311[r brace] planes of single crystal silicon have been observed near the bottom oxide corner in silicon-on-insulator structures formed by selective epitaxial growth. These [l brace]311[r brace] defects exhibit a preferential orientation and are clustered near the silicon/silicon dioxide interface. This new observation provides an opportunity to study the mechanism of [l brace]311[r brace] defect generation in a system with discernible microstructure and stress state. High resolution electron microscopy combined with analytical and numerical three-dimensional stress modeling are used to show the dependence of these [l brace]311[r brace] defects on the local stress field, and to establish their origin in terms of the homogeneous dislocation nucleation model.
Differential Effects of Nicotine Exposure on the Hippocampus Across Lifespan.

Background Nicotine exposure affects the hippocampus through activation of hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are present throughout excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal circuitry. The role of cholinergic functioning in the hippocampus varies across developmental stages so that nicotine exposure differentially affects this region depending upon timing of exposure, producing developmentally distinct changes in structure, function, and behavior. Methods We synthesize findings across literature in this area to comprehensively review current understanding of the unique effects of nicotine exposure on the hippocampus throughout the lifespan with a focus on hippocampal morphology, cholinergic functioning, and hippocampusdependent learning and memory. Conclusions Chronic and acute nicotine exposure differentially affect hippocampus structure, functioning, and related learning and memory in the perinatal period, adolescence, and aging. Age-related differences in sensitivity to nicotine exposure should be considered in the research of nicotine addiction and the development of nicotine addiction treatments.
An experiment-based model quantifying antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known to exhibit antimicrobial effects through plausible interactions with proteins and/or deoxyribonucleic acid inside the bacteria. Yet a quantitative understanding on the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs remains obscure. Here we conducted in-depth kinetic growth assays and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays on Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultured in AgNPs or Ag ion-containing growth media. Compared to the Ag-absent culture medium, it was found that the growth rate of the bacteria remained unaffected but the lag time of the bacterial growth was extended due to the presence of AgNPs or Ag ions. From the CFU-based time-kill curves, we observed that fractions of E. coli were killed exponentially in the presence of AgNPs or Ag ions. Based on the experimental data, a quantitative model was established to describe the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. The predictions from this model agree well with the experimental results. We also showed that the parameters in our model as well as their dependence on the concentrations of Ag and bacteria could, in turn, be determined experimentally. It is expected that our quantitative model and the associated parameters provide an alternative means to minimum inhibitory concentration values for characterizing the antimicrobial activities of Ag ions and AgNPs.
Predicting the volumes of crystals

Abstract New crystal structures are frequently derived by performing ionic substitutions on known crystal structures. These derived structures are then used in further experimental analysis, or as the initial guess for structural optimization in electronic structure calculations, both of which usually require a reasonable guess of the lattice parameters. In this work, we propose two lattice prediction schemes to improve the initial guess of a candidate crystal structure. The first scheme relies on a one-to-one mapping of species in the candidate crystal structure to a known crystal structure, while the second scheme relies on data-mined minimum atom pair distances to predict the crystal volume of the candidate crystal structure and does not require a reference structure. We demonstrate that the two schemes can effectively predict the volumes within mean absolute errors (MAE) as low as 3.8% and 8.2%. We also discuss the various factors that may impact the performance of the schemes. Implementations for both schemes are available in the open-source pymatgen software.
Learning from the Federal Market-Based Reforms, edited by William Mathis and Tina M. Trujillo, Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC, 2016, 696 pp., $45.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781681235035

A book without an index is not a book, but a compilation. Bibles are ordinarily compilations of stories, and they do not need indexes if read by the faithful, as each word on every page may be acce...
A 1.66 mV FOM Output Cap-Less LDO With Current-Reused Dynamic Biasing and 20 ns Settling Time

A fully integrated output capacitor-less, nMOS regulation FET low-dropout (LDO) regulator with fast transient response for system-on-chip power regulation applications is presented. The error amplifier (EA) consists of a differential cross-coupled common-gate (CG) input stage achieving twice the transconductance and unity-gain-bandwidth in comparison to a conventional differential common-source stage. The low input resistance of the CG EA improves stability of the LDO over a wide range of load currents. The LDO employs a current-reused dynamic biasing technique to further improve the load transient response, with no extra quiescent current. It is designed and fabricated in a 0.18- ${\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS technology for an input voltage range of 1.6–1.8 V, and an output voltage range of 1.4–1.6 V. Measured undershoot is 158 mV and settling time is 20 ns for 9–40 mA load change in 250 ps edge-time with zero load capacitance. The LDO core consumes 130 ${\mu }\text{A}$ of quiescent current, occupies 0.21 mm2 die area, and sustains 0–50 pF of on-chip load capacitance.
Resilience in urban transportation: towards a participatory sensing-based framework

Assessment of the transportation infrastructure resilience as the ability of a system to recover after an incident is one of the priorities of engineers and decision-makers. Due to challenges of real-world data collection, performance and resilience assessment are commonly carried out through event simulations, which still call for validating field data. In this study, we have presented a novel approach for ground transportation resilience assessment that uses people-centric information retrieval through social media (i.e., Waze Twitter feeds), coupled with resilience models to move towards a more realistic performance assessment. Waze data and people-centric methods facilitate the analysis and help improve our understanding of realistic transportation system behavior in response to a disruptive event (i.e., accidents and traffic jams). Using the proposed approach, the resilience has been quantified for selected highway sections in Washington, DC area by using reports of delays, caused by disruptive events. The changes in travel time were used as the base for resilience quantification. The accident and traffic jam reports were collected and used as the performance indicators of the model. The findings demonstrate the potential of Waze as the real -world data source to evaluate and improve the performance of transportation infrastructure.
Gypsum flowers and related speleothems

Gypsum and the related sulfate minerals mirabilite and epsomite crystallize in dry caves in a variety of speleothems. Among these are crusts, stalactites, gypsum flowers, and some very thin fibrous forms known as cave cotton and angel hair. The sulfate minerals can be derived from the bedrock and from the oxidation of sulfide minerals, usually pyrite, and the oxidation of H 2 S. Gypsum flowers are formed of curving, fibrous crystals that radiate outward from a growth center, producing a flower-like speleothem.
A construct validity study of a Differentiation of Self Scale

The purpose of this study was to establish construct validity of the Haber Level of Differentiation of Self Scale (LDSS) that measures selected aspects of the construct, differentiation of self, the key concept of the Bowen Theory. During stage one of this study, a 32-item Likert-type LDSS, which contained two subscales, Emotional Maturity, (EM), and Emotional Dependency (ED), was administered to 372 volunteer subjects. Factor analytic and correlational findings indicated support for a 24-item unidimensional rather than a 32-item two subscale instrument. Recalculation of coefficient alpha (.90) also supported the unidimensional structure of the LDSS. During stage two of this study, the revised 24-item LDSS was administered to 372 volunteer subjects, who also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Life Experience Survey, and the Behavior Checklist. Hypotheses predicted that there would be negative relationships between differentiation of self and trait anxiety, state anxiety, adult psychological dysfunction, and negative impact stress. Findings indicate support for all hypotheses at the p < .01 level of significance or greater. Data from this study suggest that the 24-item LDSS is a valid and reliable unidimensional family assessment tool that accurately measures specific aspects of the construct, differentiation of self. The LDSS can be used by nurses and other professionals to assess individual and family functioning in a variety of health care settings.
Focusing and Scanning of Acoustic Waves in Solids

This paper evaluates the present status and future prospects for microwave acoustical image formation by electronic scanning of a focused acoustic beam. Electronic control of acoustic propagation can be achieved in single-crystal media where there is a strong acoustical interaction with other modes of the medium, which can be controlled by means of applied magnetic and electric fields. Focusing and steering of the acoustic waves are produced by means of inhomogeneity and anisotropy induced by the applied magnetic and electric fields. At microwave frequencies geometric optics is an appropriate framework for the theoretical problems. Ray-path calculations are presented for several magnetoacoustical YIG delay-line structures, and experimental results are given. A collimated acoustic beam at approximately 1 GHz has been scanned over an angle of 8° in a uniform magnetic field, and a 125-μ-diameter acoustic beam has been produced by focusing in a nonuniform field. Theoretical results are also given for focusing in an electroacoustical medium; and the design and calculated performance of several ZnO lens structures are presented. Other topics explored include (1) theoretical performance characteristics of a 1-GHz scanning acoustical microscope, (2) relationships between acoustic power level, spatial resolution, and contrast sensitivity, and (3) estimates of safe lower frequencies, acoustic power densities for imaging of biological tissues.
An epidemiological study of polycythemia vera.

An epidemiologic study based on all patients with polycythemia vera residing at the Baltimore Metropolitan Area is reported. A minimum annual incidence rate of 4 new cases per million was observed for the Metropolitan Area and 5 per million per year for Baltimore City. The incidence rate was lower in negroes than in whites, but if age adjustment was applied the ratio was more than 2:1. A marked increased frequency was noted among patients of Jewish origin. There was only a slight excess of males with a sex ratio 1.2:1. The age distribution confirmed the previous observations of only rare instances of the disease below the age of 30; the mean and median ages were about 60 years.
Extending the Reach of Technical Education with Distance Learning.

ABSTRACTTraditionally, community colleges serve students who live within the school’s local region. Some community colleges are looking for strategies to increase geographic access to their technical education programs. Exploratory research on online technical education programs found some programs are using online and distance-learning strategies to make their programs more accessible. This paper examines two such technical education programs and the different ways they are making their programs available to students across the country. Looking at these two programs revealed that the types of online and distance-learning strategies and tools these programs chose to deliver instruction are, at least in part, dependent on characteristics of the technical equipment students are being taught to master. These characteristics include the equipment’s availability and accessibility, as well as how expensive and/or dangerous this equipment can be.
Street Level Learning: Transforming Understandings of Poverty through Semi-Structured Pedagogies

ABSTRACTThis research explores the pedagogical possibilities of semi-structured immersion experiences for service-learning students through an assessment of “Street Retreats” used by one poverty ad...
The Ethnohistory of Freshwater Use on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile)

Sources of drinking water on islands often present critical constraints to human habitation. On Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), there is remarkably little surface fresh water due to the nature of the island's volcanic geology. While several lakes exist in volcanic craters, most rainwater quickly passes into the subsurface and emerges at coastal springs. Nevertheless, the island sustained a relatively large human population for hundreds of years, one that built an impressive array of monumental platforms (ahu) and statues (moai). To understand how Rapanui acquired their scarce fresh water, we review ethnohistoric data from first European arrival (1722) through the mid-twentieth century. Ethnohistoric accounts identify a diversity of freshwater sources and describe various Rapanui freshwater management strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of coastal freshwater seeps and provide much-needed insight into how Rapanui procured this vital and necessary resource.
On the effective theory of neutrino-electron and neutrino-quark interactions

Abstract We determine the four-fermion effective theory of neutrino interactions within the Standard Model including one-loop electroweak radiative corrections, in combination with the measured muon lifetime and precision electroweak data. Including two-loop matching and three-loop running corrections, we determine lepton coefficients accounting for all large logarithms through relative order O ( α α s ) and quark coefficients accounting for all large logarithms through O ( α ) . We present four-fermion coefficients valid in n f = 3 and n f = 4 flavor quark theories, as well as in the extreme low-energy limit. We relate the coefficients in this limit to neutrino charge radii governing matter effects via forward neutrino scattering on charged particles.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration

Publisher Summary This introductory chapter lays down the foundation for the book, which presents the fundamentals and applications of process integration and how they can be used for generating best-in-class sustainable designs. The foregoing challenges raise the issues of what constitutes a sustainable improvement of the process and how to methodically and efficiently address these challenges. Sustainable designof industrial processes may be defined as the design activities that lead to economic growth, environmental protection, and social progress for the current generation without compromising the potential of future generations to have an ecosystem that meets their needs. It is based on balancing three principal objectives: environmental protection, economic growth, and societal equity. Process integration provides holistic, systematic, generally applicable approaches to benchmark performance ahead of detailed design and then generates best-in-class sustainable design alternatives that reach the desired targets. The objectives of preventing pollution, conserving resources, increasing productivity, and enhancing profitability are among the top priorities of the process industries. The chapter describes several methods for assessing the sustainability of various industrial processes. A central question is not just how to assess sustainability of an industrial process but how to achievea sustainable performance and enhance it. Notwithstanding the numerous design alternatives, process integration can determine the performance target and synthesize the optimal solution without enumeration.
Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review.

Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A mass-loss rate determination for zeta Puppis from the quantitative analysis of X-ray emission line profiles

We fit every emission line in the high-resolution Chandra grating spectrum of zeta Pup with an empirical line profile model that accounts for the effects of Doppler broadening and attenuation by the bulk wind. For each of sixteen lines or line complexes that can be reliably measured, we determine a best-fitting fiducial optical depth, tau_* = kappa*Mdot/4{pi}R_{\ast}v_{\infty}, and place confidence limits on this parameter. These sixteen lines include seven that have not previously been reported on in the literature. The extended wavelength range of these lines allows us to infer, for the first time, a clear increase in tau_* with line wavelength, as expected from the wavelength increase of bound-free absorption opacity. The small overall values of tau_*, reflected in the rather modest asymmetry in the line profiles, can moreover all be fit simultaneously by simply assuming a moderate mass-loss rate of 3.5 \pm 0.3 \times 10^{-6} Msun/yr, without any need to invoke porosity effects in the wind. The quoted uncertainty is statistical, but the largest source of uncertainty in the derived mass-loss rate is due to the uncertainty in the elemental abundances of zeta Pup, which affects the continuum opacity of the wind, and which we estimate to be a factor of two. Even so, the mass-loss rate we find is significantly below the most recent smooth-wind H-alpha mass-loss rate determinations for zeta Pup, but is in line with newer determinations that account for small-scale wind clumping. If zeta Pup is representative of other massive stars, these results will have important implications for stellar and galactic evolution.
Motivation and Concern for Use of Financial Derivatives

Financial Derivatives are the new age corporate risk management tools adopted by corporates world-wide. Most of the large corporate entities are using financial derivatives to hedge their exposures against varieties of risk. But still financial derivative has not become the universally accepted risk management technique. However, companies are also apprehending about the risk of using financial derivatives in risk management. In this paper, we have tried to unearth the possible determinant and motivating factors as well as the concerns of the corporate entities in using derivatives as an accepted risk management tool. Data has been collected through Google Forms from various sources like corporates, executives of broking firms, executives of consulting firms and other financial experts like university professors and researchers. The findings of the survey imply that Indian corporates pretty much interested in overall risk reduction and they frequently use derivative instruments in managing foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and moderately use derivatives in commodity risk management.
Protein tertiary structure prediction and refinement using deep learning and Rosetta in CASP14.

The trRosetta structure prediction method employs deep learning to generate predicted residue-residue distance and orientation distributions from which 3D models are built. We sought to improve the method by incorporating as inputs (in addition to sequence information) both language model embeddings and template information weighted by sequence similarity to the target. We also developed a refinement pipeline that recombines models generated by template-free and template utilizing versions of trRosetta guided by the DeepAccNet accuracy predictor. Both benchmark tests and CASP results show that the new pipeline is a considerable improvement over the original trRosetta, and it is faster and requires less computing resources, completing the entire modeling process in a median < 3 h in CASP14. Our human group improved results with this pipeline primarily by identifying additional homologous sequences for input into the network. We also used the DeepAccNet accuracy predictor to guide Rosetta high-resolution refinement for submissions in the regular and refinement categories; although performance was quite good on a CASP relative scale, the overall improvements were rather modest in part due to missing inter-domain or inter-chain contacts.
Relationship Between Microstructure and Photoelectric Quantum Yield (PQY) of S·1 Photoemitting Surfaces

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relationship between microstructure and photoelectric quantum yield (PQY) of S•1 photo emitting surfaces. Recently, a theory for the PQY of S•1 photo cathodes gives excellent agreement with experiment and involves essentially no adjustable parameters. The specific microstructure one can use to model the S•1 photocathode consists of two basic units, silver particles surrounded by matrix and matrix surrounded by silver particles. By varying the volume percentage of silver, particle size, and shape and the relative portions of the two micro structural units, it is possible to vary the PQY in a prescribed fashion. In the base layer, the matrix is Cs 2 0 and in the surface layer of the S•1 the matrix is vacuum. This microstructure is consistent with electron micrographs taken of S•1 films and has been wed to successfully describe the transmission of Au-SiO 2 cermets. By varying the volume percentage of silver, particle size, and shape and the relative portions of the two microstructural units, it is possible to vary the PQY in a prescribed fashion.
Creative Construction: The Capacity for Environmental Innovation in Real Estate Development Firms

Despite advances in understanding green building performance in property markets, the green development process is poorly understood. Green development adopters change firm structure in three ways ...
On the Stability of Polygons of Polynomials with an Application : An Alternative Proof of the Edge Theorem

In this paper, we present some results related to the stability of polygons of real polynomials. These results are then used to test the stability of the two-dimensional exposed faces of a polytope of polynomials. The results are also used to give an alternative proof of the Edge Theorem.
Wrist Action Affects Precision Grip Force

Werremeyer, Mary M. and Kelly J. Cole. Wrist action affects precision grip force. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 271–280, 1997. When moving objects with a precision grip, fingertip forces normal to the objec...
Apparent electrical conductivity response to spatially variable vertisol properties

Abstract Though much has been done to understand proximally-sensed bulk apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in agricultural soils, many of the soil properties identified to be mappable using these techniques, such as salinity and clay content, are not expected to drive ECa response in a non-saline Vertisol. In Vertisols, agrillipedoturbation creates meter-scale variability in soil moisture and chemical properties associated with gilgai features, and if developed from calcareous parent material, can exhibit meter and landscape scale variability in inorganic C content. The ability to map inorganic C may be especially useful in a Vertisol due to its strong correlation with shrink-swell potential. The overall goal of this project was to investigate the potential for mapping inorganic C using ECa surveys in a calcareous Vertisol, with the future goal of mapping shrink-swell potential on these landscapes. On a 40- by 50-m field with intact circular gilgai, ECa was mapped under both moist and dry soil conditions. Soil samples were taken for water content, clay content, inorganic C content, salinity, and depth to parent material. Under moist soil conditions, the strongest correlation to ECa was inorganic C content (r = − 0.63), followed by water content (r = 0.49); however, under dry conditions, only inorganic C content was significant (r = − 0.60). In addition, ECa surveys and inorganic C samples were taken for two larger watersheds of 10 and 14 ha. Again, inorganic C content was significantly and reliably correlated to ECa for both fields, and the resulting regression slopes and intercepts were not significantly different between watersheds, though the surveys were conducted at different times. Results suggest that ECa can be used to map inorganic C content in Vertisols weathered from calcareous parent materials, allowing for spatial inference of shrink-swell potential which may be useful in distributed hydrology modeling.
Cross Sections for the Dissociation of J/psi and psi' by pi and rho at low energies

Using the quark-interchange model of Barnes and Swanson, we evaluate the dissociation cross sections for $J/\psi$ and $\psi'$ by $\pi$ and $\rho$ at low collision energies. In collisions with $\pi$ mesons near threshold the $\pi + J/\psi$ dissociation cross section is predicted to be small, but the $\pi +\psi'$ cross section is found to be quite large, in qualitative agreement with experimental data on $J/\psi$ and $\psi'$ production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The $\rho + J/\psi$ and $\rho + \psi'$ dissociation cross sections are both predicted to be large numerically and are divergent near threshold. These $\rho + J/\psi$ and $\rho + \psi'$ cross sections show considerable sensitivity to the mass of the $\rho$ meson if it is off energy shell.
Gene Stratton-Porter’s million dollar view: the role of literature in restoring a garden that should never have been built

In 1914 nature writer and bestselling novelist Gene Stratton-Porter (1863–1924) moved into her newly constructed two-story residence on the shore of Sylvan Lake near Rome City, Indiana, USA. The ho...
Rate Coefficients and Product Yields from Reaction of OH with 1-Penten-3-ol, (Z)-2-Penten-1-ol, and Allyl Alcohol (2-Propen-1-ol)

The atmospheric chemistry of two recently discovered biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1-penten-3-ol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, has been studied at 298 K using an environmental chamber/FTIR apparatus. Rate coefficients for their reaction with OH (determined by the relative rate technique) were found to be (6.7 ± 0.9) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and (10.6 ± 1.5) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for 1-penten-3-ol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, respectively. Products observed (with molar yields in brackets) from the OH-initiated oxidation of these species in 1 atm air at 298 K were glycolaldehyde (47 ± 6%) and formaldehyde (35 ± 4%) from 1-penten-3-ol; and propanal (91 ± 13%), glycolaldehyde (87 ± 11%) and formaldehyde (11 ± 2%) from (Z)-2-penten-1-ol. As a model for the more complex unsaturated alcohols, similar studies were also carried out on a simpler species, allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol, CH2CHCH2OH). Reaction of this species with OH was found to proceed with a rate coefficient of (4.5 ± 0.6) × 10-11 cm3 molecul...
SU-D-301-02: Increase of Generalized 2D NEQ for the Microangiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) System Using the Medium Rather than the Small Focal Spot

Purpose: To increase the generalized NEQ (GNEQ) for the new high‐ resolution Microangiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) by using the increased tube‐loading capacity of the medium focal spot compared to the small focal spot. Methods: Generalized MTF (GMTF), generalized NNPS (GNNPS) and GNEQ were calculated for the MAF at a fixed object magnification of 1.11 for the medium and small focal spots on the central axis and the medium focal spot on the anode side. Due to increased tube‐loading capacity of the Toshiba Infinix system for the 0.5‐mm medium focal spot compared to the 0.3‐mm small focal spot, the 2D NNPS was calculated at 3.125 times higher dose on the central axis and 2.85 times higher dose on the anode side (considering a 9% reduction in intensity due to the Heel effect) for the medium spot. Results: The GNEQ ratio of medium‐to‐small focal‐spot at the central axis is much greater than 1.0 at low frequencies, with a rapid drop at higher frequencies in the tube axis direction, becoming less than 1.0 above 7 cycles/mm. The GNEQ of medium focal spot at the anode side is higher at nearly all frequencies below the Nyquist due to the reduced effective focal spot size, becoming less than 1.0 above 9 cycles/mm. Conclusions: Improvements in GNEQ can be obtained for the MAF using the medium focal spot as compared to the small focal spot at the central axis position at low frequencies, whereas the GNEQ is improved for almost all frequencies for the medium focal spot at the anode side. There is a clear benefit to utilizing the increased tube output for the medium focal spot, while decreasing the effective anode angle to reduce focal spot size but maintain sufficient FOV for the MAF. Support: NIH Grants R01‐EB008425, R01‐EB002873
Low-power optical bistability in a free-standing silicon ring resonator.

We demonstrate low-power thermo-optic-based optical bistability in a free-standing silicon ring resonator. A bistable optical response is achieved at reduced pump powers by thermally isolating the ring resonator from its supporting substrate with an air gap. The conversion efficiency from optical power to temperature change in the silicon core is enhanced. The optical transfer function of the resulting free-standing resonator exhibits a hysteresis loop for 80 μW input optical power. Similar nonthermally isolated resonators at the same detuning do not exhibit a bistable mode for input powers less than 2 mW.
PRE-HISPANIC-TO-COLONIAL DIETARY TRANSITIONS AT ETZATLAN, JALISCO, MEXICO

Faunal analysis of subsistence remains from four sites in the Etzatlan Basin in western central Mexico presents important contrasts between pre-Hispanic and colonial dietary patterns. Specific changes in animal remains are well correlated with the transition from pre-Hispanic to colonial occupations tracked along a statistically derived timeline in which ceramic evidence for the onset of colonization is found. Allometry is used to calculate faunal biomass, and abundance and diversity indices are used to define these dietary patterns relative to the timeline. There is a decrease in use of large mammals over time and an increased use of smaller mammals, birds, and reptiles/amphibians. In particular, a marked increase in exploitation of the most important native large mammal (for example, deer) is found during early colonial occupation. However, this bounty decreased appreciably during later periods, consistent with widening of dietary breadth by inclusion of less preferred resources.
‘[3H]quipazine’ degradation products label 5-HT uptake sites

Certains antidepresseurs sont des competiteurs pour les sites de liaison marques au [ 3 H] quipazine. Ces interactions sont reanalysees en utilisant cet antagoniste tritie pour marquer les sites de liaison specifiques dans les membranes du cortex du rat. Des etudes de competition avec differents antidepresseurs sont realisees
More results on decomposition and decoupling of single relation systems

Deeper results concerning decomposition and decoupling of single relation systems are obtained. A necessary and sufficient condition, under which two arbitrary linear systems over the same input space and output space can be trans-formed to each other, is given. The concepts of chaos and attractor are connected to the concept of feedback transformation. A new characterization of decoupling by feedback is described by the concepts of null space and range space. An interesting connection between the concepts of decomposition and decoupling is discussed. Some open questions are posed.
Putting Wilson and Cleary to the test: analysis of a HRQOL conceptual model using structural equation modeling.

Wilson and Cleary (1995) proposed a conceptual model of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that integrates both biological and psychological aspects of health outcomes. There are five different levels in their model, namely, physiological factors, symptom status, functional health, general health perceptions, and overall quality of life. Their model has been widely applied to different populations, including patients living with cancer, Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, and HIV+/AIDS. However, their conceptual model has only been partially examined. That is, the five major concepts have not been examined simultaneously. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the Wilson and Cleary HRQOL model was validated in patients living with HIV from the AIDS Time-Oriented Health Outcomes Study. The results showed that the HRQOL model fit the data adequately, and the relationships between the constructs were all significant (at p<0.05 level). Based on the modification indexes, an alternative model linking symptom status directly with general health perceptions and overall quality of life was specified. Implication and limitation of the findings are discussed.