cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute fatal myocarditis after a single dose of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, autopsy findings: a case report.

Abstract Nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor) and Ipilimumab (CTLA-34 inhibitor) are both commonly used immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies for various cancers. Various adverse events are associated with these therapies, including hepatitis, nephritis, dermatitis, and myocarditis. It is believed these adverse events occur in part because modified cellular receptors lead to enhanced CD4 and CD8 lymphoproliferation. These events usually occur after several months and rounds of treatment. Here we present a case of an 81-year-old male with recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who experienced myocarditis after only a single dose of combination therapy with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab. He presented with elevated troponins and a third-degree heart block; three days after admission he died. Histologic examination revealed a predominance of CD3 T cells (CD4 > CD8) and CD68 macrophages, with occasional CD20 B cells. C4d staining was negative in the interstitial capillaries, suggesting that antibody-mediated injury of endothelial cells did not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this myocarditis. Additional studies ruled out an infectious etiology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly more common, and it is important clinicians are aware patients can present with myocarditis early in the course of treatment.
The Energy Levels of Pd 106 Populated in the Decays of Ag 106 and Rh 106

The conversion electrons of 5 high-energy transitions in the decay of ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{106}$ have been observed in a permanent magnet spectrograph. The following transitions (in MeV) were observed: the relative intensities of the $K$-conversion electron lines are given in parentheses: 1,0461 (40), 1.1298(19), 1.2010(15), 1.2237(5), and 1.5285(12). These transitions can be fitted into a ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ level scheme, with slight modifications, proposed by Smith. This scheme was based on gamma-ray and low-energy conversion electron studies. The modified ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ level diagram is compared with the predictions of several nuclear models.
Herbicide, fumigant, and fungicide use and breast cancer risk among farmers' wives.

Evidence from epidemiologic and laboratory studies relating pesticides to breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Women engaging in agricultural work or living in agricultural areas may experience appreciable exposures to a wide range of pesticides, including herbicides, fumigants, and fungicides. Methods We examined exposure to herbicides, fumigants, and fungicides in relation to breast cancer risk among farmers' wives with no prior history of breast cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Women provided information on pesticide use, demographics, and reproductive history at enrollment (1993-1997) and at a 5-year follow-up interview. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) between the women's and their husbands' self-reported use of individual pesticides and incident breast cancer risk. Results Out of 30,594 women, 38% reported using herbicides, fumigants, or fungicides and 1,081 were diagnosed with breast cancer during a median 15.3 years of follow-up. We found elevated risk in relation to women's ever use of the fungicide benomyl (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.7) and the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.8, 3.1) and to their husbands' use of the herbicide 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4,5-TP) (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.7). We observed few other chemical associations and little evidence of differential risk by tumor estrogen receptor status or linear exposure-response relationships. Conclusion We did not observe clear excesses between use of specific pesticides and breast cancer risk across exposure metrics, although we did observe elevated risk associated with women's use of benomyl and 2,4,5-T and husbands' use of 2,4,5-TP.
Influence of Internal Structure on Dielectric Breakdown Characteristics of Additive Manufacturing Parts Formed by Selective Laser Sintering

Additive manufacturing (AM) can be used to easily design and create parts with complex shapes, and hence, it is used in various fields. Recently, AM parts have been developed as not only prototypes but also practical components. Therefore, it is very important to understand the characteristics of these parts. For example, it is important to understand the insulation characteristics of AM-based insulation components. However, these insulation characteristics have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we examined the dielectric breakdown characteristics of AM samples manufactured by selective laser sintering (SLS) while considering the effects of the part build orientation of the samples. In addition, we observed the cross section of the samples after dielectric breakdown and studied the void condition and dielectric breakdown path. The void distribution state was also investigated by determining the apparent relative permittivity. From the above experiments, the points to note when applying AM components manufactured by SLS to insulating components became clear.
Realities and Possibilities: Critical Global Education in Wisconsin Elementary Social Studies Standards

This study critically examines the Wisconsin Standards for Social Studies for elementary grades with the goal of understanding what global content is present and how teachers can engage these standards through a critical global perspective. We conducted a textual analysis of the standards using Subedi’s decolonizing frameworks and Andreotti’s critical global citizenship education. We found few explicit references to global topics in the early grades, and identified additional possibilities. We provide multiple examples to implement critical global perspectives in elementary social studies classrooms.
Algebraic Systems of Abelian Varieties

Chow has given a construction of the Picard and Albanese varieties as a consequence of the theory of algebraic systems of abelian varieties. Here, where we have given a direct construction, Chow’s theory is rather an important complement to the general theory.
Diversity in recognition of glycans by F-type lectins and galectins: molecular, structural, and biophysical aspects

Although lectins are “hard-wired” in the germline, the presence of tandemly arrayed carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), of chimeric structures displaying distinct CRDs, of polymorphic genes resulting in multiple isoforms, and in some cases, of a considerable recognition plasticity of their carbohydrate binding sites, significantly expand the lectin ligand-recognition spectrum and lectin functional diversification. Analysis of structural/functional aspects of galectins and F-lectins—the most recently identified lectin family characterized by a unique CRD sequence motif (a distinctive structural fold) and nominal specificity for l-Fuc—has led to a greater understanding of self/nonself recognition by proteins with tandemly arrayed CRDs. For lectins with a single CRD, however, recognition of self and nonself glycans can only be rationalized in terms of protein oligomerization and ligand clustering and presentation. Spatial and temporal changes in lectin expression, secretion, and local concentrations in extracellular microenvironments, as well as structural diversity and spatial display of their carbohydrate ligands on the host or microbial cell surface, are suggestive of a dynamic interplay of their recognition and effector functions in development and immunity.
Costly Managerial Hedging, Market Liquidity and Firm Value

Empirical evidence suggests that managers hedge the systematic risk in their compensation by trading in the financial markets. This paper analyzes the implications of the manager's hedging ability on her optimal compensation scheme, incentives and firm value. We allow the manager to adjust her systematic risk exposure by trading the market portfolio. We find that; (i) the manager's optimal hedge depends on the liquidity of the market. With imperfect liquidity, the manager's optimal hedge is not complete and she bears some systematic risk. (ii) The equilibrium pay-performance sensitivity is decreasing in the market risk and increasing in the market liquidity. (iii) Since better hedging ability increases the manager's equilibrium incentives, the firm value increases in the liquidity of the market where systematic risk is traded. This last result contrasts with previous studies that suggest a negative relationship between stock market liquidity and production efficiency.
Patterns of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in rheumatoid arthritis patients after 2002: a systematic review.

Objective To report and synthesize patterns of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use reported in observational studies of patients with established and early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after publication of the American College of Rheumatology guidelines promoting universal DMARD use. Methods We searched PubMed for full-length articles in English published between January 1, 2002 and October 1, 2012 that examined DMARD use. The data abstracted from articles included the patient characteristics, country of study, time period studied, patient source, and treating physician type. Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results We reviewed 1,287 abstracts; 98 full-length articles were selected for additional review and 27 studies describing 28 cohorts of patients were included. Twelve studies described data from cohorts of patients with established RA, and DMARD use in this group of studies ranged from 73–100%. Five studies described data from patients sourced through administrative data and demonstrated consistently lower DMARD use, ranging from 30–63%. Three studies conducted population-based surveys to define cases of RA where DMARD use ranged from 47–73%. Eight studies investigated patients with early RA. DMARD use among patients followed by rheumatologists ranged from 77–98%, whereas DMARD use reported for patients seen by a mix of physicians was significantly lower (39–63%). Conclusion DMARD use in studies from RA cohorts or registries (in which patients were followed by rheumatologists) ranged from 73–100%, compared with 30–73% in studies from administrative data or population-based surveys (in which patients were not necessarily receiving rheumatology subspecialty care).
Progressive change of intra-islet GLP-1 production during diabetes development.

Background Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon share the same precursor molecule proglucagon, but each arises from a distinct posttranslational process in a tissue-specific manner. Recently, it has been shown that GLP-1 is co-expressed with glucagon in pancreatic islet cells. This study was aimed to investigate the progressive changes of GLP-1 versus glucagon production in pancreatic islets during the course of diabetes development. Methods Both type 1 (non-obese diabetes mice) and type 2 (db/db mice) diabetes models were employed in this study. The mice were monitored closely for their diabetes progression and were sacrificed at different stages according to their blood glucose levels. GLP-1 and glucagon expression in the pancreatic islets was examined using immunohistochemistry assays. Quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of the changes. Results The ratio of GLP-1-expressing cells to glucagon-expressing cells in the islets showed significant, progressive increase with the development of diabetes in db/db mice. The increase of GLP-1 expression was in agreement with the upregulation of PC1/3 expression in these cells. Interestingly, intra-islet GLP-1 expression was not significantly changed during the development of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetes mice. Conclusions The study demonstrated that GLP-1 was progressively upregulated in pancreatic islets during type 2 diabetes development. In addition, the data suggest clear differences in intra-islet GLP-1 production between type 1 and type 2 diabetes developments. These differences may have an effect on the clinical and pathophysiological processes of these diseases and may be a target for therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trimetric applications of multiparametric curve-fitting : Part VI. Determination of Strong Acids in the Presence of Weak Acids by ptentiometric titration

Abstract By non-linear regression onto appropriate titration-curve equations it is possible to determine hydrochloric acid in very dilute solutions containing substantially larger concentrations of acetic acid by potentiometric titration with a strong base. The results are much superior to those obtained by techniques that involve end-point location, and the use of non-linear regression further makes it possible to detect and determine very small concentrations of basic impurities.
Internet Use and Gender at Emory & Henry College

ABSTRACT Results of a survey of college men and women at a small liberal arts college indicated that women used the Internet less than men, were not equally active in using it, and were not interested in using it for the same reasons. Men and women did not use the same functions. The survey results present descriptive findings about patterns of usage that will be helpful to librarians and other support personnel planning workshops for students.
Inoculation and Narrative Strategies in Competitive Framing of Three Health Policy Issues

This article combines insights from competitive framing and persuasion research by comparing the impact of inoculation and narrative messages on support for policies designed to reduce obesity, cigarette use, and prescription painkiller addiction. A two-wave randomized experiment (n = 5,007 at time 1, t1, n = 3,901 at time 2, t2) tests whether inoculation and/or narrative messages offset the impact of industry anti-policy messages delivered both concurrently (t1) and with a 1 week delay (t2). We find that narrative messages outperformed inoculation messages at t1, although both increased support for health policy relative to the control group. At t2, the inoculation message provided resistance to the persuasive industry anti-policy message, whereas narrative message effects decayed but remained significant
Heavy Metal Determinations in Pharmaceuticals by Means of Amperometric Titrations

A procedure desined to eliminate visual differentiation of nonstandardized colors has been devised for the determination of microgram quantities of heavy metals. In this method, an excess of alcoholic n-dodecyl mercaptan solution is allowed to react with any heavy metals present. The excess reagent is then determined residually by titration with standard silver nitrate solution (carried out at −0.23 v. vs. S. C. E. in an ammoniacal medium to prevent chloride interference), using the rotating platinum electrode as the indicating electrode. A blank is run to compensate for possible oxidation of the mercaptan to the disulfide. Microgram quantities of Cu, Ag, Pb, Hg, and Cd were determined with precision and with an accuracy of within 0.5 p. p. m. over a range of 1.5 to 10 p. p. m. Additional applications were made on a number of inorganic and organic pharmaceuticals. Standardized conditions of assay for all pharmaceuticals were employed, the only variation being in the concentration of ammonium hydroxide used when chloride samples were assayed for their heavy metal content.
Prospects for the Electronic Publication of Scientific Journals

high technology contractor, Leadership Quarterly, 1, 229-247(1990). 34. R. Yammarino and B.M. Bass, Long term forecasting of transformational leadership and its ef fects among naval officers: Some preliminary find ings, in Measures of Leadership, K.E. Clark and M.B. Clark, Eds. (Leadership Library of America, West Orange, NJ, 1990). 35. J.M. Post, Narcissism and the charismatic leader-follower relationship, Political Psychology, 7,675-688(1986). 36. R. Hogan, R. Raskin, and D. Fazzini, The dark side of charisma, in Measures of Leadership, K.E. Clark and M.B. Clark, Eds. (Leadership Library of America, West Orange, NJ, 1990). 37. See, e.g., J.A. Conger, The dark side of leadership, Organizational Dynamics, 79(2), 44-55 (1990); Byrne et al., note 14. 38. Vanderslice, note 3, p. 679. 39. E.P. Hollander, Leadership and social ex change processes, in Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research, K.J. Gergen, M.S. Greenberg, and R.H. Willis, Eds. (Plenum Press, New York, 1980).
Photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence mechanisms in covalently linked polynuclear aromatic-nucleotide complexes

The fluorescence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-nucleic acid complexes is quenched by photoinduced electron transfer mechanisms in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures. These effects are illustrated with the biologically important compound benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene, which forms covalent mutagenic lesions with 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) residues in DNA. The dependence of the fluorescence yield and fluorescence decay times of the covalent model adduct (+)-trans- BPDE-N2-dG as a function of temperature and methanol/water composition are described. Because of the sensitivity of the fluorescence of the pyrenyl residue to the polarity of the microenvironment, the magnitude of the fluorescence yield can be used to distinguish between highly hydrophobic (e.g., intercalation) and other more solvent-exposed BPDE- nucleic acid binding sites.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thiol-catalyzed cis-trans isomerization of oleic acid

Abstract Various thiols were found to catalyze the geometrical isomerization of oleic acid to trans - Δ 9 -octadecenoic acid. The reaction proceeds in neutral aqueous solution at mild temperatures and at relatively low thiol concentration, 5–20 meq/liter. Hydrogen from the medium was not incorporated into the product, and no trace of Δ 8 or Δ 10 octadecenoic acid could be detected among the products. The reaction is proposed to involve the formation of a mixed micelle of fatty acid and thiol, nucleophilic attack of the double bond by the thiol, rotation about the former double bond, and elimination of the thiol to produce the thermodynamically more stable trans isomer. The cationic reagent, 2-mercaptoethylamine, was the most efficient catalyst tested. This system should prove to be useful for the preparation of labeled trans unsaturated fatty acids.
Conformal mapping: A robust method for computing quantiles

Abstract We implement a FORTARN 90 module for computing quantiles. This is the implementation of the work presented in Guirguis [Guirguis, G. H. (1993). Secant methods with transformations: A faster and a more robust approach to computing quantiles. Comput. Statist. 8:295–303]. We present a new map for the finite interval case. This map has been proven to be more robust in practice.
Purification of a positive regulatory subunit from phage SP01-modified RNA polymerase.

A phage-induced subunit has been purified from phage SP01-modified Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. This subunit binds in vitro to RNA polymerase core from uninfected B. subtilis thereby inducing template-selective transcription and asymmetric synthesis of SP01 middle RNA.
How to Utilize L. J. S. Allen’s “An Introduction to Mathematical Biology” in a Biomathematics Course

AbstractThis is a combined textbook review and course plan for a biomathematics modeling course that is taught at the author’s home institution as a foundation course in the Biomathematics Master’s Program. The pros and cons of using Linda J. S. Allen’s textbook, An Introduction to Mathematical Biology, for a one-semester course is discussed. Moreover, strategies for coping with some problems that may arise are proposed.
What can we know about addiction from the addicts we treat

The present paper examines the limitations that are placed on our understanding of addiction when research is restricted to studying opiate users who are seeking treatment. Though users who do seek treatment do not seem to differ in terms of their history or magnitude of drug use from those not seeking treatment, those in treatment are likely to have more serious addiction-related problems. Addicts who seek different types of treatment (e.g., methadone maintenance vs therapeutic community) appear to differ in terms of social and psychological characteristics. However, specific characteristics do not appear to be matched with specific treatments. Thus the addicts seen in treatment in general or in any specific treatment represent a discrete subpopulation of the entire population of opiate users. As such, any generalizations that we make about addiction based on these addicts must be limited.
Sex Differences in Achievement Cognitions and Performance in Competition

Abstract Expectancies, performance, perceived ability, and causal attributions of males (n = 20) and females (n = 20) who competed on a motor task after being matched with a same- or opposite-sex opponent of similar ability were examined. Males were more likely than females to predict a win in competition, but actual performance measures, postcompetition ability ratings, and attributions revealed more positive responses to competition by females than males. Females improved their performance times and raised their ability ratings from the initial noncompetitive session more than males and placed more importance on effort attributions than males did. The Findings suggest that competition is not necessarily detrimental and can have a positive influence on females' achievement cognitions and behaviors when the competitive task and situation are clearly appropriate for females.
Perception of object unity in young infants: The roles of motion, depth, and orientation

One hundred twenty-eight 4-month-old infants were habituated to one of several displays that depicted two rod pieces above and below a box. The effects of common motion, background texture, and orientation of the rod pieces on infants' perception of unity of the partially occluded rod were examined. Infants who viewed displays in which the rod pieces were aligned and presented in front of a textured background, subsequently looked longer at a broken rod (two rod pieces separated by a gap) than at a complete rod, implying that the infants experienced the rod pieces as connected behind the box in the first display. Infants who viewed displays with no background texture, or displays in which the rod pieces were nonaligned but relatable (i.e., connected if extended behind the occluder), looked equally at the two posthabituation displays. Infants who viewed displays containing nonrelatable rod pieces looked longer at the complete rod, implying that nonrelatable edges specify disjoint objects to 4-month-olds. A threshold model, stipulating that perception of object unity is supported by multiple visual cues, is proposed to account for these results. Veridical perception of motion of display elements, depth ordering, and edge orientation are necessary, but not individually sufficient, to support young infants' perception of object unity.
Psychopathology in Life History Perspective

The fundamental goal of all living things, evolutionary theory teaches us, is the dispersion of genes in future generations. As a result, many if not most features of living organisms, including th...
Intracellular phosphate pools show compartmentalization of intracellular pH in turtle urinary bladder

Abstract The urinary bladder of the fresh water turtle is capable of acidification and Na transport, in vitro, and it has been extensively used as a model of distal nephron of the kidney. In the course of measuring intracellular pH of stripped turtle bladder mucosa with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, we observed the consistent presence of two inorganic phosphorus resonances under aerobic conditions, indicating the existence of a pH gradient possibly between cytosol and mitochondrion. This pH gradient was collapsed by addition of N2 and could be restored by reintroduction of oxygen. These observations demonstrate the existence of a spontaneous pH gradient between cytosol and mitochondria of turtle bladder epithelial cells.
Test-Taking Behaviors by Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals

Abstract Systematic ratings were made on the Tulane Test-Behavior Scale of the global and integrated behaviors observable for hypertensive and normotensive subjects as they worked to complete a battery of neuropsychological tests—the degree of attention and effort displayed, for example, self-confidence and self-criticism. The results for 82 subjects (41 subject pairs matched for age, race, and education) revealed substantial and consistent differences between groups. Early, mild hypertensive subjects (unmedicated) displayed significantly less optimal behaviors than did normotensive controls. These may be best understood as subtle functional consequences of the abnormal physiological state imposed on the brain by a chronically elevated blood pressure, just as the functional disruptions of reduced kidney filtration fraction or minor abnormalities of the electrocardiogram appear early in the course of the disorder for other target organs. Certain testable implications of this hypothesis are discussed.
REGULATORY USE OF TEMPERATURE INDICATOR DEVICES1

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a serious economic disease of livestock, can be transmitted to susceptible animal species through exposure to contaminated products, including meat, obtained from infected animals. Cooked beef products, originating from FMD-affected countries, qualify for entry into the United States provided that juices expressed from meat samples representative of the entire shipment do not have a pinkish hue. The subjectivity in the method is eliminated by the use of temperature indicator devices (TID's). The USDA, in cooperation with the in-country monitoring of processing by the National Veterinary Service of the FMD-affected country, has permitted the use of both temperature indicator devices and time-temperature indicator devices for the monitoring of the thoroughness of cooking for the importation of field trial samples, as well as commercial shipments of beef products.
A Framework For Robust and Flexible Ground Station Networks

Space communication systems are plagued by complexity resulting in limited access to orbiting satellites and high mission operation costs that ultimately reduce mission yields and capabilities. In particular, ground stations, the access point between space and terrestrial networks, suffer from monolithic designs, narrow interfaces, and reliability issues that raise significant engineering barriers. We have reduced these barriers by decomposing monolithic ground station functions into basic component services and virtualizing their software and hardware interfaces. We captured these core services in a command and control protocol, called the Ground Station Markup Language. This modularization has also enabled us to apply recovery-oriented computing techniques, specifically recursive restarts, to quickly recover from software failures and improve overall ground station availability. Our testbed consists of globally distributed ground stations supporting university satellite missions. With case studies, we demonstrate how our work enables rapid prototyping and reconfiguration within a ground station and how it facilitates coordination of networked, heterogeneous ground stations by hiding low-level implementation details.
A Teaching Demonstration Involving Perceived Lunar Size

Lunar research in psychology is briefly reviewed. A teaching demonstration is described in which students are asked to mentally select an object that covers up the moon when held at arm's length. Possible applications are suggested of this demonstration to the general psychology topics of research methods, statistics, perception, and mental illness. Illustrative normative data for the demonstration are provided.
A model for crystalline lens accommodation

When a slight equatorial pull is applied to the crystalline lens, the center thickens, the central surfaces steepen, and the optical power increases. These findings are consistent with Schachar's theory of accommodation.
Parent-Teacher Concordance and Gender Differences in Behavioral Ratings of Social Skills and Social-Emotional Problems of Primary-Age Children with Disabilities.

Parents' and teachers' ratings of social competence and problem behaviors for 164 special education students in grades K-3 were measured using the Social Skills Rating System. Weak to moderate relationships were found between parents' and teachers' ratings. Gender comparisons within the study group revealed mixed findings: teachers' ratings indicated that girls had better social skills but relatively similar levels of problem behaviors than boys, but parents' ratings indicated that boys were rated as having higher levels of both social skills and problem behaviors than girls. These results provide some additional evidence for the convergent validity of the SSRS and also suggest that source and setting variance strongly influence behavior ratings. These results also raise some interesting questions regarding gender differences in social behavior of young children with disabilities.
Test Item Arrangement, Testing Time, and Performance.

Two experiments were conducted to determine if a relationship exists between test item arrangements and student performance on power tests. The primary hypotheses were: item arrangements based upon item difficulty, similarity of content, or order of class presentation do not influence test score or required testing time. In the first experiment 122 subjects were randomly assigned to three item difficulty arrangements of 139 test items with a 0–100% difficulty range, and in the second experiment 156 subjects were randomly assigned to three item content arrangements of 103 items. Results of analyses of variance with test anxiety used as a classification factor supported the hypotheses.
A model of Costeff Syndrome reveals metabolic and protective functions of mitochondrial OPA3

Costeff Syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the OPTIC ATROPHY 3 (OPA3) gene, is an early-onset syndrome characterized by urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid (MGC), optic atrophy and movement disorders, including ataxia and extrapyramidal dysfunction. The OPA3 protein is enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane and has mitochondrial targeting signals, but a requirement for mitochondrial localization has not been demonstrated. We find zebrafish opa3 mRNA to be expressed in the optic nerve and retinal layers, the counterparts of which in humans have high mitochondrial activity. Transcripts of zebrafish opa3 are also expressed in the embryonic brain, inner ear, heart, liver, intestine and swim bladder. We isolated a zebrafish opa3 null allele for which homozygous mutants display increased MGC levels, optic nerve deficits, ataxia and an extrapyramidal movement disorder. This correspondence of metabolic, ophthalmologic and movement abnormalities between humans and zebrafish demonstrates a phylogenetic conservation of OPA3 function. We also find that delivery of exogenous Opa3 can reduce increased MGC levels in opa3 mutants, and this reduction requires the mitochondrial localization signals of Opa3. By manipulating MGC precursor availability, we infer that elevated MGC in opa3 mutants derives from extra-mitochondrial HMG-CoA through a non-canonical pathway. The opa3 mutants have normal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation profiles, but are nonetheless sensitive to inhibitors of the electron transport chain, which supports clinical recommendations that individuals with Costeff Syndrome avoid mitochondria-damaging agents. In summary, this paper introduces a faithful Costeff Syndrome model and demonstrates a requirement for mitochondrial OPA3 to limit HMG-CoA-derived MGC and protect the electron transport chain against inhibitory compounds.
Efficient Broadband Raman Generation in Crystals Driven by Dual-Frequency Femtosecond Laser Fields

We demonstrate efficient generation of discrete spatially-separated Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands, ranging in wavelength from infrared, through visible, to ultraviolet spectral regions, by crossing two- or three-color femtosecond laser beams in thin room-temperature Raman-active crystals.
Previous research shows Medical Library Association award winner publication rate.

In the July 2010 issue of the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA), Harvey and Wandersee reported they found no publication rate studies for the Medical Library Association (MLA) or other library science organizations [1]. We write to share prior research on the publication rate of award-winning MLA research presentations and posters published in April 2009 in Hypothesis, the open access journal of the MLA Research Section, which is indexed by CINAHL [2].
Dental school finances: current status.

Total expenditures and revenues of 58 US dental schools were derived from reports of the ADA Division of Educational Measurements. Distinctive revenue patterns among public, private, arid state-relaied private denial schools are discussed. Total expenditures and revenues of 58 US dental schools were derived from reports of the ADA Division of Educational Measurements. These financial data were studied by type of dental school (public, state-related private, and private) and by expenditure/revenue categories. Dental schools showed little diversity in expenditures: most were directed toward instruction; few were directed toward research or continuing education. Several distinctive patterns among the three types of dental schools in revenues were observed. Two configurations emerged: public and state-related private dental schools receive more than 75% of their revenues from government and tuition, and private dental schools, more than 50%.
Novel chemical precursors and novel CVD strategies enabling low temperature epitaxy of Si and Si:C alloys

Abstract In this paper we will discuss non-traditional chemical precursors for carbon-doped silicon (Si:C) that enable improved manufacturability through higher growth rates and new deposition temperature regimes commensurate with the drive to lower thermal budgets of integration of CMOS and DRAM platforms. Among the silicon precursors to be discussed are dichlorodisilane (Si 2 Cl 2 H 4 ), dichlorosilane and Silcore® (Si 3 H 8 ). New carbon precursors disilylmethane ((SiH 3 ) 2 CH 2 ) and propylene (C 3 H 6 ) are discussed and compared with conventional monomethylsilane (SiH 3 CH 3 ). For high volume manufacturing, high selective epitaxial growth rates are necessary for high throughput and low cost of ownership. Both, high GR and low temperatures enable high substitutional carbon levels [C] sub in dilute Si:C alloys. Advantages and disadvantages of different Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) strategies such as a co-flow process, a C yclic D eposition/ E tch (CDE) process and a “hybrid” process are discussed.
Multiplicity of K x rays and collective structure in the transitional nuclei with A ≃ 200

The multiplicity $〈{M}_{K}〉$ of prompt $K$ x rays emitted in ($^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$, $\mathrm{xn}$) reactions has been measured for twelve targets in the mass range $180\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}209$, at bombarding energies between 55 and 124 MeV. From the high multiplicities of x rays ($1\ensuremath{\lesssim}〈{M}_{K}〉\ensuremath{\lesssim}3$) characteristic of the observed evaporation residues, we infer that highly converting, low-energy M1 transitions constitute a substantial portion of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay cascades (especially at moderately high spin, ($12\ensuremath{\lesssim}I\ensuremath{\lesssim}20$) in a large number of nuclides in the transitional region between the shell closure at $N=126$ and the strongly deformed rare earths. The unexpectedly simple systematic variation of the $〈{M}_{K}〉$ measurements with neutron number within this mass region suggests that the converting transitions occur predominantly among members of as yet unknown, mildly deformed, high-$K$, deformation-aligned rotational bands. From the measured values of $〈{M}_{K}〉$ and the singles $K$ x ray yields we extract absolute total cross sections for the (Li,$\mathrm{xn}$) reactions. Expected statistical features of the x-ray multiplicity distributions and associated limits on the applicability of the present technique for evaporation-residue cross section determination are discussed.
The role of the red cell membrane in thrombin generation

Red blood cells have historically been viewed as innocent bystanders in the process of blood coagulation and thrombin generation; however a century of clinical evidence linking red blood cells to thrombosis suggests the contrary. In this brief review, the biochemical evidence for red blood cell involvement in thrombin generation is evaluated. It is concluded that in addition to platelets, red blood cells actively participate in thrombin generation. A sub-fraction of red blood cells express phosphatidylserine on their surface and unlike platelets, red blood cells produce thrombin through the meizothrombin pathway, which has interesting consequences in the context of clot formation and stabilization.
Effects of heavy metals absorbed from water on the laser-induced fluorescence in Elodea densa☆

Comparative rates of absorption of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, tin, and inorganic and methylmercury ions from water by Elodea densa were measured. Methylmercury, at relatively low tissue concentrations, was the only ion that quenched the laser-induced fluorescence.
ACLS Guidelines 2000: Focus on What’s “New” in the Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Algorithm:

Despite the use of conventional treatment modalities, the probability of survival for patients experiencing cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains quite poor. Therefore, the management of cardiac arrest remains a challenge. The most recent Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines have adopted an evidence-based approach toward the treatment of pulseless VT/VF. A number of evidence-based changes have been made in the treatment algorithms for these life-threatening arrhythmias, including the new recommendations for using vasopressin and intravenous amiodarone. This article will provide an overview of the evidence-based approach that was used in the development of the 2000 ACLS guidelines and will summarize the key trials that were used to support the inclusion of vasopressin and intravenous amiodarone in the pulseless VT/VF treatment algorithm. Additionally, dosing and administration issues for these agents will be discussed.
Low temperature creep of hot-extruded near-stoichiometric NiTi shape memory alloy part II: Effect of thermal cycling

Abstract This paper is the first report on the effect prior low temperature creep on the thermal cycling behavior of NiTi. The isothermal low temperature creep behavior of near-stoichiometric NiTi between 300 and 473 K was discussed in part I. The effect of temperature cycling on its creep behavior is reported in the present paper (part II). Temperature cycling tests were conducted between either 300 or 373 K and 473 K under a constant applied stress of either 250 or 350 MPa with hold times lasting at each temperature varying between 300 and 700 h. Each specimen was pre-crept either at 300 or 473 K for several months under an identical applied stress as that used in the subsequent thermal cycling tests. Irrespective of the initial pre-crept microstructures, the specimens exhibited a considerable increase in strain with each thermal cycle so that the total strain continued to build-up to 15% to 20% after only 5 cycles. Creep strains were immeasurably small during the hold periods. It is demonstrated that the strains in the austenite and martensite are linearly correlated. Interestingly, the differential irrecoverable strain, Δ e irr , in the material measured in either phase decreases with increasing number of cycles, N , as Δ e irr =4.3( N ) −0.5 similar to the well-known Manson–Coffin relation in low cycle fatigue. Both phases are shown to undergo strain hardening due to the development of residual stresses. Plots of true creep rate against absolute temperature showed distinct peaks and valleys during the cool-down and heat-up portions of the thermal cycles, respectively. Transformation temperatures determined from the creep data revealed that the austenitic start and finish temperatures were more sensitive to the pre-crept martensitic phase than to the pre-crept austenitic phase. The results are discussed in terms of a phenomenological model, where it is suggested that thermal cycling between the austenitic and martensitic phase temperatures or vice versa results in the deformation of the austenite and a corresponding development of a back stress due to a significant increase in the dislocation density during thermal cycling.
Discovering buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the wild: an empirical study

Context: Reporters of security vulnerabilities possess rich information about the security engineering process. Goal: We performed an empirical study on reporters of buffer overflow vulnerabilities to understand the methods and tools used during the discovery. Method: We ran the study in the form of an email questionnaire with open ended questions. The participants were reporters featured in the SecurityFocus repository during two six-month periods; we collected 58 responses. Results: We found that in spite of many apparent choices, reporters follow similar approaches. Most reporters typically use fuzzing, but their fuzzing tools are created ad hoc; they use a few debugging tools to analyze the crash introduced by a fuzzer; and static analysis tools are rarely used. We also found a serious problem in the vulnerability reporting process. Most reporters, especially the experienced ones, favor full-disclosure and do not collaborate with the vendors of vulnerable software. They think that the public disclosure, sometimes supported by a detailed exploit, will put pressure on vendors to fix the vulnerabilities. But, in practice, the vulnerabilities not reported to vendors are less likely to be fixed. Conclusions: The results are valuable for beginners exploring how to detect and report buffer overflows and for tool vendors and researchers exploring how to automate and fix the process.
Pleistocene (Irvingtonian, Cudahyan) vertebrates from the Texas Panhandle, and their geographic and paleoecologic significance

Abstract The Cudahy “Fauna” was named by C.W. Hibbard for a fossil assemblage recovered from silty clays beneath the “Pearlette” volcanic ash at the type Cudahy ash pit and other sites in Meade County, Kansas. The “Pearlette” ash comprises several variously dated Yellowstone ashes. The Cudahy (=Lava Creek B) ash is most recently dated at 0.639 ± 0.002 Ma and is an important geochronologic marker in the Great Plains. The term Cudahy Ash Pit local fauna is now used for that of the type locality, although other Cudahy-type (Cudahyan) local faunas have been described. From 1968 to 1971, 30 tons of silty clay and diatomite were collected from below outcrops of Lava Creek B ash at elevations of 988–1058 m (3240–3470 ft) in the High Plains of the Texas Panhandle. Screenwashing yielded about 30 mammal taxa and numerous small amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mollusks. Four local faunas (Woody Draw, Bull Draw, Deadman's Creek, and Mayfield Ranch) are recognized. These faunas, dominated by shrews and microtine (arvicoline) rodents, are compositionally similar to each other and to the Cudahy and Sunbrite ash pit local faunas of Meade County even though the Panhandle sites are 300–340 km (186–211 miles) southwest of the Kansas sites and are 213–280 m (700–920 ft) higher in elevation. The Panhandle faunas contain two new species of Sorex as well as Sorex cf. cinereus, Sorex cudahyensis, Sorex lacustris, Sorex ( Microsorex ) pratensis, Sorex megapalustris, Blarina, Cynomys, Spermophilus, Geomys tobinensis, Thomomys cf. talpoides, Peromyscus cragini, Reithrodontomys moorei, Ondatra annectens, Mictomys meltoni, Microtus llanensis (rare), Microtus paroperarius, and Microtus meadensis. The large sample size of the latter two taxa permits statistical comparisons of teeth with those from Kansas. The Texas faunas further substantiate the Cudahyan as a subage of the Irvingtonian between the older Sappan and younger Sheridanian subages and equivalent to Irvingtonian II based on microtine (arvicoline) rodents. Local habitats consisted of ponds or playas with marshy areas suitable for shrews, muskrats, and bog lemmings. Moist grassy meadows nearby would have been inhabited by voles, mice, and some of the shrews; the less abundant gophers, ground squirrels, and prairie dog would have preferred drier, grassy uplands with well-drained soils. Several mammals (e.g. bog lemming) show affinities with extant boreal species that range through Canada and the northern United States The collective evidence suggests that the Texas Panhandle enjoyed cooler summers with more effective rainfall during Cudahy time.
Improving the transition to home healthcare by rethinking the purpose and structure of the CMS 485: first steps.

ABSTRACT Transition points are the weak links in communication between providers. As an example, the discharge home often is a hurried “handoff” from inpatient physician to home care agency, whose visiting nurse admits the patient for a period of observation, medication management, rehabilitation, and teaching. The primary means of communication between physician and home health agency is the CMS 485, a form that contains the orders and that physicians frequently sign well after patients begin receiving services. This paper describes the first phase of a project that restructured and automated the CMS 485 using an existing electronic health record. The principles guiding the restructuring are described along with early reaction to and revision of the form to address operational issues. The paper also discusses evaluation plans and a web-based system of communication that will be developed in the second phase of the project.
Performance of cochlear implant recipients with GJB2-related deafness.

Congenital profound hearing loss affects 0.05-0.1% of children and has many causes, some of which are associated with cognitive delay. For prelingually-deafened cochlear implant recipients, the etiology of deafness is usually unknown. Mutations in GJB2 have been established as the most common cause of heritable deafness in the United States. In this report, we identify cochlear implant recipients with GJB2-related deafness and examine the performance of these individuals. Cochlear implant recipients received a battery of perceptive, cognitive, and reading tests. Neither subjects nor examiners knew the etiology of deafness in these individuals. The implant recipients were then examined for mutations in GJB2 using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing. GJB2 mutations were the leading cause of congenital deafness among the cochlear implant recipients screened. Cochlear implant recipients with GJB2-related deafness read within one standard deviation of hearing controls better than other congenitally deaf cochlear implant recipients and non-cochlear implant recipients. Individuals with congenital deafness should be offered GJB2 screening. Positive results establish an etiologic diagnosis and provide prognostic, genetic, and therapeutic information. Effective rehabilitation for profoundly deaf individuals with GJB2-related deafness is possible through cochlear implantation.