cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic model for the simulation of secondary electron emission

We provide a detailed description of a model and its computational algorithm for the secondary electron emission process. The model is based on a broad phenomenological fit to data for the secondary-emission yield and the emitted-energy spectrum. We provide two sets of values for the parameters by fitting our model to two particular data sets, one for copper and the other one for stainless steel.
Coupled Solute Fluxes in Toad Skin

Net inward flux of mannitol across toad skin induced by making the outside solution hypertonic with urea has been investigated. No significant relation between net mannitol flux and net Na flux could be detected when both fluxes were measured simultaneously. In addition, the net mannitol flux caused by hypertonic solution was not altered by inhibition of Na transport with ouabain or by replacement of all Na in the bathing solutions by choline. The rate of net mannitol flux was dependent on the magnitude of the urea concentration difference across the skin and the direction of net flux could be reversed by reversing the direction of the urea concentration difference. These observations suggest that the mannitol transfer is the result of a coupling between the flows of urea and mannitol.
Fourier analysis of stationary processes

This paper begins with a description of some of the important procedures of the Fourier analysis of real-valued stationary discrete time series. These procedures include the estimation of the power spectrum, the fitting of finite parameter models, and the identification of linear time invariant systems. Among the results emphasized is the one that the large sample statistical properties of the Fourier transform are simpler than those of the series itself. The procedures are next generalized to apply to the cases of vector-valued series, multidimensional time series or spatial series, point processes, random measures, and finally to stationary random Schwartz distributions. It is seen that the relevant Fourier transforms are evaluated by different formulas in these further cases, but that the same constructions are carried out after their evaluation and the same statistical results hold. Such generalizations are of interest because of current work in the fields of picture processing and pulse-code modulation.
The Impact of Individual and Group Feedback on Environmental Intentions and Self-Beliefs:

The present study examined how feedback regarding one’s personal impact on the environment, along with feedback regarding one’s group’s impact, influences environmental attitudes, intentions, and self-beliefs. Using a bogus carbon footprint calculator, participants received either moderately or highly negative feedback about their own environmental impact as well as feedback about the average impact of students at their university. Participants expressed the greatest intentions to behave proenvironmentally, especially with behaviors that require a high level of commitment, when their personal feedback was worse than that of their group. Impact of feedback on intentions was not mediated by attitudes, emotions, or self-evaluations, suggesting that participants were not motivated to improve their behaviors because they felt badly about themselves. Instead, people were motivated to change their behaviors when they believed their current behavior differed from that of an important reference group.
Intra-abdominal injury following blunt trauma becomes clinically apparent within 9 hours.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma can be challenging and resource intensive. Observation with serial clinical assessments plays a major role in the evaluation of these patients, but the time required for intra-abdominal injury to become clinically apparent is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time required for an intra-abdominal injury to become clinically apparent after blunt abdominal trauma via physical examination or commonly followed clinical values. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who sustained blunt trauma resulting in intra-abdominal injury between June 2010 and June 2012 at a Level 1 academic trauma center was performed. Patient demographics, injuries, and the amount of time from emergency department admission to sign or symptom development and subsequent diagnosis were recorded. All diagnoses were made by computed tomography or at the time of surgery. Patient transfers from other hospitals were excluded. RESULTS: Of 3,574 blunt trauma patients admitted to the hospital, 285 (8%) experienced intra-abdominal injuries. The mean (SD) age was 36 (17) years, the majority were male (194 patients, 68%) and the mean (SD) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 21 (14). The mean (SD) time from admission to diagnosis via computed tomography or surgery was 74 (55) minutes. Eighty patients (28%) required either surgery (78 patients, 17%) or radiographic embolization (2 patients, 0.7%) for their injury. All patients who required intervention demonstrated a sign or symptom of their intra-abdominal injury within 60 minutes of arrival, although two patients were intervened upon in a delayed fashion. All patients with a blunt intra-abdominal injury manifested a clinical sign or symptom of their intra-abdominal injury, resulting in their diagnosis within 8 hours 25 minutes of arrival to the hospital. CONCLUSION: All diagnosed intra-abdominal injuries from blunt trauma manifested clinical signs or symptoms that could prompt imaging or intervention, leading to their diagnosis within 8 hours 25 minutes of arrival to the hospital. All patients who required an intervention for their injury manifested a sign or symptom of their injury within 60 minutes of arrival. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76:1020Y1023. Copyright * 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV. Epidemiologic study, level III.
Source processes of the 1965 New Hebrides Islands earthquakes inferred from teleseismic waveforms

Summary. This study is a detailed analysis of two foreshocks (FS-1, M = 7 and FS-2, M= 6%), the main shock (M, M = 7%) and two aftershocks (A-1, M = 6% and A-2, M= 7) from 1965 August 1 New Hebrides Islands earthquake sequence. Focal mechanisms, depths, moments, time function durations and directions of rupture (where they could be inferred) for the events have been found using time domain synthetic seismograms of the farfield body waves and surface waves. All of the events except A-2 were thrust events whose focal mechanisms are consistent with faulting on the interface between the subducting Indian plate and the overriding Pacific plate. A-2 seems to have been an event on a steeply dipping fault plane which ruptured into the underthrusting plate. M and A-2 are inferred to have been events with two sources where, in both cases, the second source was larger than the first. The relative depths and focal mechanisms of the two sources indicate a downward rupture for A-2 and a downdip rupture for M. The observed radiation patterns for the Rayleigh and Love waves from these events are consistent with the results of the body wave analysis. Furthermore, an analysis of the radiation pattern for FS-2 suggests that this event ruptured downdip, and a comparison of the amplitudes of R2, R3 and R4 at GSC indicates an updip rupture for M. The theoretical static vertical surface displacements computed from the teleseismic source model for M are found to be much smaller than the observed coastal uplift. The seismicity during the sequence is noted to have migrated first from northwest to south-east and then toward the south-west and north-east. The locations of the large events suggest that there are three barriers to the propagation of seismic ruptures in the crust under the New Hebrides, one under northern Santo, one between Santo and Mallikolo and one under central Mallikolo.
A qualitative zoogeographic analysis of decapod crustaceans of the continental slopes and abyssal plain of the Gulf of Mexico

Occurrence of 130 species of decapod crustaceans was compared between the continental slope (200–2500 m) and the abyssal plain (2500–3840 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. We compiled records of these species from published literature and from the crustacean catalogue of the Marine Invertebrate Collection of Texas A&M University. Each species was scored as present or absent in each of 10 polygons that were defined by physiographic features of the sea floor. Using cluster analysis, we identified inherent patterns of species richness. A distinct faunal assemblage occurred in the Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. This deep plain was a potential ‘‘coldspot’’ in terms of the number of species in the basin, compared to a ‘‘hotspot’’ in the vicinity of De Soto Canyon. Polygons of the eastern upper slopes (i.e. calcareous substrate of western Florida) contained the most species that were not found elsewhere in the Gulf of Mexico. Usingan inductive approach, we identified the followinghypotheses: (1) most crustacean species of the deep Sig sbee Abyssal Plain occur in oceans world-wide, (2) overall, almost a quarter of the deep sea species in the Gulf of Mexico range from the western Atlantic (south of Cape Hatteras) to the Caribbean, and (3) the Gulf of Mexico is particularly rich in species of Munidopsis (25 species). r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A WOz Variant with Contrastive Conditions

We present a variant of the WOz paradigm we refer to as incremental ablation. The new feature involves incrementally restricting the human wizard’s capacities in the direction of a dialog system. We lay out a data collection design with six conditions of user-system and user-wizard interactions that allows us to more precisely identify how to close the communication gap between humans and systems. We describe the application of the method to analysis of contexts in which ASR errors occur, giving us a means to investigate the problemsolving strategies humans would resort to if their communication channel were restricted to be more like the machine’s. We describe how we can use the methodology to collect data that is more relevant to a particular learning paradigm involving Markov Decision Processes (MDP).
Multicast Routing in Hierarchical Optical Networks Using Collection-Distribution Networks (An Invited Paper)

Emerging optical networks have hierarchical architectures with varying capabilities at different levels. Moreover, many applica- tions nowadays require multicast (one-to-many) connections. We pro- pose a network model that has such a hierarchical architecture which is designed for multicast connections. We develop a multi-stage rout- ing scheme which solves the routing problem in different levels of the network for multicast connections. The network model consists of three levels: collection, core and distribution networks. We adopt the light- trail model in collection-distribution networks which is a convenient way to carry multicast connections. Connection points between the core and collection networks are the edge routers which groom several multicast connections destined to the same distribution network. We evaluate two call acceptance criteria, namely best effort and all-or-none corresponding to total or partial multicast service, respectively. We show using simula- tions that our multi-stage routing algorithm with light-trails and edge- grooming improves the performance in the hierarchical network model.
Originalism's Subject Matter: Why the Declaration of Independence is not Part of the Constitution

Scholars across the ideological spectrum have argued for a unique role for the Declaration of Independence in constitutional interpretation. These scholars’ arguments fall into two general categories: (1) the Declaration is the “interpretive key” to the Constitution’s text’s meaning; and (2) the Declaration is itself part of the Constitution. In this Essay, I argue that, from an originalist perspective, the Declaration is not part of the Constitution. I argue that originalism’s subject matter — that which originalism interprets — is — and is only — the document in the National Archives that begins “We the People of the United States,” along with canonical amendments. Therefore, even though the Declaration is a rich data source for the Constitution’s original meaning, it itself is not a subject of constitutional interpretation. This Essay proceeds in three parts. In Part II, I briefly describe the debate over the Declaration’s role in constitutional interpretation. Part III argues that, based on originalism’s own commitments, only the written Constitution is the subject matter of constitutional interpretation. Part IV shows that this limitation of the Constitution to solely the written Constitution fits both important and widely accepted facets of our legal practice. I conclude, in Part V, by suggesting that this limitation of the subject matter of constitutional interpretation to the written Constitution also comports with the natural law tradition’s conception of law as an authoritative, prudential, social-ordering decision, aimed at procuring the common good and human flourishing.
Reduction of soluble nitrogen and mobilization of plant nutrients in soils from U.S northern Great Plains agroecosystems by phenolic compounds

Abstract Phenolic plant secondary metabolites actively participate in a broad range of important reactions that affect livestock, plants and soil. In soil, phenolic compounds can affect nutrient dynamics and mobility of metals but their role in northern Great Plains agroecosystems is largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of three phenolic compounds on plant nutrient extractability in agricultural soil. Soil samples (0–10 cm) from pasture and cropped sites near Mandan, North Dakota, USA were treated with water (control) or aqueous solutions of increasingly complex compounds; benzoic acid (BA), gallic acid (GA), or β-1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- d -glucose (PGG) at four concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg compound gram−1 soil). We measured extractable nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) in treatment supernatants and after a subsequent incubation in hot water (16 h, 80 °C). While significant quantities of nitrogen were extracted with water, each compound reduced N extracted in a concentration dependent manner with greatest response to BA (about 25%). However, PGG reduced the solubility of N only during the hot water incubation, suggesting its effects are mostly on organic forms of N. Unlike N, GA and PGG increased extraction of P, relative to water, while BA had less effect. Extraction of the major cations, K, Ca, and Mg, was strongly increased by BA and GA but unaffected by PGG. Extraction of Mn was increased most by treatments of GA but less so by BA. The effects of PGG on Mn were consistent with GA when expressed on a molar basis. These findings suggest plant secondary compounds affect nutrient dynamics in soil, and thus may be part of future management strategies to improve nutrient-use efficiency.
Spirituality and Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Social Work Response

Abstract Social workers and other health care professionals often ignore spirituality, which is part of patients' ability to cope with advanced cancer. However, the social work perspective encourages a holistic approach, including engagement with patients about spiritual issues. Respecting patients' integrity, a social worker can assess their spirituality with the goal of supporting and encouraging effective coping. Because social workers, at times, can deal more easily with patients' spiritual issues than chaplains can, it is important to view this role as appropriate for social work. The authors offer suggestions to practitioners regarding assessment of the contribution of a patient's spirituality to coping, including noting evidence of the patient's religious affiliation and responding to spiritual references and existential pondering. Interventions that support and reinforce patients' spirituality involve active listening and use of self to help patients explore the essentially unanswerable questions ...
Accuracy Differences as a Function of Preparer Status: An Analysis of Money's Tax Test

To reduce the cost of compliance, it is important that individuals seeking tax preparation assistance, as well as policymakers, be aware of any performance differences between preparers. In this paper the results of Money's tax test are employed to determine whether the accuracy and bias of preparers are a function of preparers' professional status. Each year from 1988-1993 Money conducted a test of volunteer tax preparers from throughout the United States in which they compute taxes due for a hypothetical family. Participants included CPA and non-CPA preparers. The results show that relative to non-CPA preparers, CPAs tend to err in favor of the taxpayer, although overall both groups favored the government. After comparing the cost and the variance in the taxes due, the findings suggest that CPAs are the more cost efficient and less risky preparer group.
The Quest for Digital Preservation: Will a portion of mathematics history be lost forever?

Libraries, archives, and museums have traditionally preserved and provided access to many different kinds of physical materials, including books, papers, theses, faculty research notes, correspondence, and more. These items have been critical for researchers to have a full understanding of their fields of study as well as the history and context that surround the work.
Four Cases of Limb Lengthening After Septic Arthritis

Septic arthritis of the hip in infancy and early childhood can result in severe sequelae in the form of dislocation of the hip, and growth disturbance with limb-length discrepancy. This is a report of 4 cases with sequelae of the septic arthritis. They were treated at other medical centers, and referred to our hospital because of limp and limb-length discrepancy. There were 3 boys and 1 girl. All underwent femoral distraction lengthening with the Orthofix system after acetabuloplasty or femoral osteotomy in order to acquire adequate coverage of the femoral head. The age at limb-lengthening ranged from 9 to 15 years, with an average follow-up of 4 years. The overall lengthening achieved ranged from 2.3 to 4cm, with the healing index from 35.8 to 46.5 days/cm. All hips remained stable, but considerable precautions against articular cartilage damage on the hip joint during limb-lengthening seemed to be important.
Nursing experience of limb peripheral cyanosis after an human immunoglobulin injection

Objective: to observe the human immunoglobulin adverse reactions with an adverse reaction of treatment.Results: the human immunoglobulin besides manual annotation of headache,flustered,nausea and adverse reaction outside,still can cause limbs endings cyanosis of severe adverse reactions.Conclusion: adverse reactions should be monitored when using the human immunoglobulin to ensure patient life safety.
New Education System of Innovative Talents: Paying Equal Attention to Knowledge, Ability and Quality

The paper put forward that innovative talents should develop balanced in knowledge, ability and quality. And also analyzed how to establish new education system by paying equal attention to knowledge, ability and quality, especially insisting on "Three Face" to optimize the system.
Study on an advanced high temperature resistant coating with nano-filler

A high temperature resistant coating is developed which is composed of epoxy organosilicon resin, nano-filler and room temperature curing agent. The thermal and mechanical properties of the cured high temperature resistant coating is good. The coating has good processability and can be spray-coated and easy to operation.
Practical Protection of Kernel Integrity for Commodity OS from Untrusted Extensions.

Kernel extensions are widely used by attackers to compromise the operating system kernel. With the presence of various untrusted extensions, it remains a challenging problem to comprehensively preserve the integrity of OS kernels in a practical and generic way. In this paper, we present HUKO, a hypervisor-based integrity protection system designed to protect commodity OS kernels from untrusted extensions. In HUKO system, untrusted kernel extensions can safely run to provide desired functionalities. The behaviors of untrusted extensions, however, are confined by mandatory access control policies, which significantly limit the attacker’s ability to compromise the integrity of the kernel. To guarantee multi-aspect protection and enforcement, HUKO leverages hardware assisted paging to transparently isolate untrusted extensions from the OS kernel. Moreover, HUKO overcomes the challenge of mediation overhead by introducing a novel design named subject-aware protection state transition to eliminate unnecessary privilege transitions caused by mediating allowed accesses. Our approach is practical because it requires little change for either OS kernel or extensions, and it can inherently support multiple commodity operating systems and legacy extensions. We have implemented a prototype of HUKO based on the open source Xen hypervisor. The evaluation results show that HUKO can comprehensively protect the integrity for both Linux and Windows kernel from various kinds of malicious extensions with an acceptable performance cost.
Effect of production environment on labor demand in Veterans Affairs medical center pharmacies

The relationship between pharmacy production environment and labor-time requirements was estimated by using data from Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) pharmacies. Economic theory was used to derive equations for estimating labor-time requirements for pharmacy services that take into account differences in production environment (factors that cannot be controlled by the pharmacy manager within a given observation period, such as pharmacy service mix and distance to patient care wards). The equations were estimated by using information obtained from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and from a mail survey of VAMC pharmacy chiefs. The resulting estimates of labor-time requirements were compared with pharmacy labor-time requirements produced by the VA in 1989. Labor-time requirements varied dramatically with production environment, and the labor-time requirements calculated in this study generally exceeded those used by the VA. Accurate forecasts of required pharmacist and technician labor time must take into account the production environment within each pharmacy.
STUDIES OF MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION IN THE IMMATURE HEART. II, EVIDENCE FOR IMPORTANCE OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN TOLERANCE TO ISCHEMIA

This study tests the importance of amino acid transamination in determining the tolerance of immature hearts to ischemic damage. Amino acid transamination was inhibited metabolically by pretreatment with aminooxyacetic acid. The aminooxyacetic acid dose and duration were determined by incubating in vitro tissue homogenate and showing that an 8 mmol/L AOA dose for 5 minutes blocked 90% of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Control studies in nonischemic hearts showed that coronary perfusion with aminooxyacetic acid for 5 minutes did not impair myocardial performance. In contrast, pretreatment of immature puppies with aminooxyacetic acid severely impaired recovery after 45 minutes of normothermic global ischemia (30% versus 85% recovery in untreated hearts, p
Exchange patterns and relations in collaborative governance.

Part of the American Politics Commons, Behavioral Economics Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Economic Policy Commons, Economic Theory Commons, Education Policy Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Energy Policy Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Human Geography Commons, Income Distribution Commons, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, Infrastructure Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Organization Development Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Political Economy Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Affairs Commons, Public Economics Commons, Public Policy Commons, Regional Economics Commons, Social Policy Commons, Social Welfare Commons, Transportation Commons, Urban Studies Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons
The Erdős-Szekeres Problem

Erdős and Szekeres proved in their 1935 paper that for every integer n ≥ 3 there exists a smallest positive integer N(n) such that any set of at least N(n) points in general position in the plane contains n points which are the vertices of a convex n-gon. They also posed the problem to determine the value of N(n) and conjectured that \(N(n) = 2^{n-2} + 1\) for all n ≥ 3. Despite the efforts of many mathematicians, the Erdős-Szekeres problem is still far from being solved. This chapter describes recent achievements towards the solution of this problem and some of its close relatives.
The Playwriting Profession: Setting Out and the Journey

Playwright Howard Barker says there is a kind of promotion system for playwrights in Britain. They begin on the fringe — perhaps in London at the Bush Theatre or Upstairs at the Royal Court or in Edinburgh at the Traverse Theatre — and if they do good work and develop a reputation, they are promoted to the main house at the Royal Court Theatre. If that goes well, the natural impetus, he says, is either toward writing for television or moving on to the Royal National Theatre or the Royal Shakespeare Company which are the premiere flagships of the culture. However, very few playwrights manage to follow this simple formula. The roads to success as a playwright are various. While it is impossible to describe the typical training and development of British playwrights, the opportunities available and a few selected case histories will suggest how some playwrights became playwrights and how they survive in a profession of severely limited opportunities.
MIMO-OFDM transmissions invoking space-time/frequency linear dispersion codes subject to Doppler and delay spreads

Linear dispersion codes (LDC) can support arbitrary configurations of transmit and receive antennas in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, we investigate two transmit diversity applications of LDC for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in order to achieve space-time/frequency (ST/SF) diversity gains when transmitting over time-/frequency-selective fading channels. LDC-aided ST/SF-OFDM is flexible in configuring various numbers of transmit antennas and time-slots or frequency-tones. Our results show that the ST-OFDM scheme is sensitive to exploiting diversity gains, subject to the impact of varying channel Doppler spreads; while the performance of SF-OFDM is mainly subject to delay spread. Particularly, when the transmitter employs more than two antennas, the LDC-aided ST/SF-OFDM outperforms the orthogonal block codes (e.g. Tarokh's codes) aided ST/SF-OFDM, when communicating over higher Doppler/delay spread.
Hume: An Intellectual Biography

In the Introduction to Hume: An Intellectual Biography, James Harris contrasts his own interpretation of Hume’s intellectual life with two main views that have prevailed in the last 240 years since...
A Privacy-Preserving Online Reverse Multi-attributes Auction Scheme Based on Degree-Matching

In recent years, online auction system obtains the widespread application with the vigorous development of e-commerce. During the process of an auction, numbers of qualified suppliers propose their own bidding according to procurements demands. Then the winner is generated by comparing and sorting all of degree-matching between procurers ideal solution and suppliers’ bidding, we remind it as Ideal Degree-Matching Determined Solution (IDDS). IDDS requires suppliers to provide their private information to the auction servers. However, suppliers usually do not expect the real information of the bid leaked out, especially known by other competitors. In this paper we propose a Privacy-Preserving Online Reverse Multi-Attributes Auction Scheme based on Degree-Matching (PRMA). IDDS is used as the basis of determining the auction winner. Impressively based on the difficulty of integer factorization assumption, our scheme ensures data security of all suppliers. Compared with previous work, our scheme also gains higher security performance by eliminating the participation of third party.
Where African American Men Stand Post-Recession in the Labor Market: Economic Theories Underlie Advocacy Efforts and Policy Approaches

Federal anti-discrimination policies implemented in the 1960s helped improve the position of African Americans in the US labor market, but these policies did not eliminate persistent occupational segregation based on race. Because the problem of discrimination in the US labor market is complex, effective solutions must be multifaceted. The policy avenues outlined in this chapter are national and local in scope and include approaches that have the potential to mitigate the disparate effects of economic downturns on African American men. I begin this chapter by providing a snapshot of where African American men stand in the US labor market today with regard to occupational representation and unemployment, and then discuss potential policy solutions.
RNAi Screening of the Tyrosine Kinome Identifies Therapeutic Targets in Leukemia Patients

Abstract A large percentage of cancer cases present without knowledge of the causative genetic events. Tyrosine kinases are frequently implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, but identification of specific tyrosine kinases as cancer targets has been a slow process. In the near future, whole-genome sequencing will enable vast amounts of sequence data to be collected, however clinical application of this information will require a detailed understanding of the functional consequences of each sequence change. Here, we present an RNAi-assisted protein target identification (RAPID) assay by which cells from leukemia patients are functionally screened with siRNA to determine tyrosine kinases that constitute amenable targets for therapeutic intervention. These data have led to identification of novel oncogenic anomalies in cancer patients. Combination of the RAPID screen with whole-genome sequencing promises to yield a powerful synthesis of methodologies by which both functional targets and genetic lesions can be rapidly determined. Methods: To detect targets necessary for viability of malignant cells, we screened primary cells from 75 patients with AML, ALL, CMML, and other MPD as well as white blood cells from healthy individuals by electroporating siRNAs individually targeting each member of the tyrosine kinase family. Four days later, we determined the cell viability and tabulated sensitivity of the cells to any individual tyrosine kinase. Where possible, results were confirmed by treating samples with small-molecule inhibitors with activity against the genes identified by the assay. In addition, the mechanism of oncogenesis was investigated for each positive result. Results: We demonstrate that siRNA screening can identify known oncogenic lesions such as K-RasG13D and JAK2V617F in primary cells from leukemia patients. The RAPID screen has also directed us towards a novel insertional mutation in the thrombopoietin receptor, MPL (1886InsGG). Additionally, we have detected FLT3 sensitivity in patients with FLT3-ITD and loss of heterozygosity, although not in FLT3-ITD heterozygous patients. In total, of 75 patients screened, this assay has yielded 25 cases that exhibit sensitivity to one or more tyrosine kinases. The mechanism of oncogenesis and its relation to the gene target has been established in select other samples with genetic abnormalities including evidence of chromosomal rearrangements as well as gene overexpression and mis-spicing events. Conclusions: We demonstrate that RNAi functional screening can determine sensitivity to individual tyrosine kinases in primary samples. Thus, this technique offers the potential to match specific therapies for targeted intervention with individual patients based on a functional assay. Additionally, in many cases, combination of the RAPID screen with whole-genome sequencing will enable efficient discovery of the genetic etiology of cancer.
At-home pulse oximetry in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea

Nocturnal pulse oximetry has a high positive predictive value for polysomnographically diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children. When significant adenotonsillar hypertrophy is diagnosed, adenotonsillectomy (T&A) represents a common treatment for OSA in children. We investigated the role of pulse oximetry in predicting those patients, referred for suspected OSA, who subsequently needed T&A. At-home nocturnal pulse oximetry was performed on 380 children (65.7% males), median age 4.1(IRQ 3.0–5.6) years, referred for suspected OSA, and data were retrospectively analysed. For each recording McGill Oximetry Score (MOS) was categorized. Mean pulse rate (PR) z-score and pulse rate variability (PRV)-corrected (PRSD/meanPR) were significantly higher in children with abnormal MOS. Both parameters were significantly higher in subjects who underwent T&A compared with those not surgically treated. Both DI4 and PRV corrected showed a negative correlation with the elapsed time between pulse oximetry recordings and T&A. The logistic regression model showed a strong effect of an abnormal MOS as a predicting factor for T&A (adjusted odds ratio 19.7). Conclusions: In our study, children with OSA who subsequently needed T&A showed higher PRV compared to those without surgical indication. Children with abnormal MOS were nearly 20 times more likely to undergo T&A.
The status of Asthenopus curtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Abstract Study of a series of reared adult male and female mayflies in the genus Asthenopus from the Amazon demonstrated that males had been described by Hagen as A. curtus and females as A. amazonicus. As only a single species is represented by the strongly sexually dimorphic males and females, all should be designated as A. curtus (Hagen) and A. amazonicus (Hagen) is, therefore, a synonym.
Third person singular -s in typical development and specific language impairment: Input and neighbourhood density

The purpose of this study was to examine factors promoting the use of third person singular -s by 23 children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 21 children with typical development (TD). ...
The boutonniere deformity

Understanding the pathophysiology of the boutonniere deformity requires a complete understanding of the anatomy of the dorsal tendon apparatus. This unique tendon mechanism often becomes unbalanced, requiring correction of its components. Splinting is the cornerstone of treatment for the boutonniere deformity. In the acute stage, splinting ensures that the continuity of the central tendon to its insertion into the middle phalanx is maintained, and in the chronic stage, its function is to correct the flexion contracture of the PIP joint and stretch the retinacular ligaments. Splinting is also important postoperatively because it permits healing of the central tendon and lateral bands in their correct anatomic positions. Without proper splinting, the patient with the boutonniere deformity could not be successfully treated. Frequently, surgery is necessary, and the choice of procedure depends on the stage of the condition and the extent of the defect in the extensor tendon mechanism. The procedure also depends on the success of the splinting program and stretching of the tight retinacular structures. If passive joint mobility can be restored and if tendon imbalance and retinacular tightness persist, rebalancing is necessary. This rebalancing can be accomplished by a tenotomy of the terminal extensor tendon, a lysis or release of the retinacular structures, or release of the insertion of the extensor tendon at the base of the proximal phalanx. Reconstituting the defect in the central tendon over the PIP joint is accomplished by using a variety of procedures, including mobilization and advancement of the more proximal portion of the central tendon, shifting the lateral bands, or a tendon graft.
Morbid obesity is not a contraindication to transport on extracorporeal support.

OBJECTIVES Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) transport has not been described in morbidly obese patients, a population that can pose significant challenges in obtaining vascular access, indexed flows and transport logistics. We sought to study the feasibility and safety of transporting obese and morbidly obese patients during extracorporeal support. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all patients transported to our institution while receiving ECMO from September 2008 to September 2016. Survival to decannulation and survival to discharge were the primary outcomes. Obesity and morbid obesity were defined as a body mass index of greater than 30 kg/m2 and greater than 40 kg/m2, respectively. RESULTS From 2008 to 2016, 222 patients were transported to our institution while receiving ECMO. Among these included patients, 131 were non-obese (interquartile range 22-27 kg/m2), 63 were obese (interquartile range 31-35 kg/m2) and 28 were morbidly obese (interquartile range 41-49 kg/m2), with 6 patients having a body mass index greater than 50 kg/m2 (range 52.3-79 kg/m2). Pre-ECMO arterial blood gases, disease severity indices, cannulation strategies and transport distances were similar between these 3 groups. There was no mortality of patients during transport, and survival to discharge was 66% (n = 87) in non-obese patients, 56% (n = 35) in obese patients and 82% (n = 23) in morbidly obese patients (P = 0.042). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, body mass index was not a predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.95-1.03; P = 0.517). CONCLUSIONS Transport of morbidly obese patients receiving ECMO may be performed safely and with excellent results in the setting of a dedicated ECMO transport programme with well-established management protocols.
Stable Plural Forms in Franchise Systems: An Examination of the Evolution of Ownership Redirection Research

The ownership redirection thesis within franchising governance research stream, originally proposed by Oxenfeldt and Kelly (1968), argued that successful, resource-flush franchise systems will ultimately tend toward becoming wholly company-owned systems due to opportunistic reacquisition activity by the powerful franchisors. For nearly 40 years this dark prophecy has precipitated an intense research dialog between the supporters and detractors of this thesis. More recently, the plural forms thesis, nested in seminal work by Harrigan (1984) has been advanced, which argues that since each type of ownership structure provides its own unique governance benefits, franchise systems are likely to continue to simultaneously invest in both, company-owned and franchised outlets. This paper attempts to provide a detailed review of nearly four decades of related literature and its transition from the ownership redirection thesis to the contemporary stable plural forms thesis.
Different effects of valproic acid on photoreceptor loss in Rd1 and Rd10 retinal degeneration mice.

Purpose The histone-deacetylase inhibitor activity of valproic acid (VPA) was discovered after VPA’s adoption as an anticonvulsant. This generated speculation for VPA’s potential to increase the expression of neuroprotective genes. Clinical trials for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are currently active, testing VPA’s potential to reduce photoreceptor loss; however, we lack information regarding the effects of VPA on available mammalian models of retinal degeneration, nor do we know if retinal gene expression is perturbed by VPA in a predictable way. Thus, we examined the effects of systemic VPA on neurotrophic factor and Nrl-related gene expression in the mouse retina and compared VPA’s effects on the rate of photoreceptor loss in two strains of mice, Pde6brd1/rd1 and Pde6brd10/rd10.
Recruitment of enzymes and stress proteins as lens crystallins

The major water-soluble proteins — or crystallins — of the eye lens are either identical to or derived from proteins with non-refractive functions in numerous tissues. In general, the recruitment of crystallins has come from metabolic enzymes (usually with detoxification functions) or stress proteins. Some crystallins have been recruited without duplication of the original gene (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase B and α-enolase), while others have incurred one (i.e., argininosuccinate lyase and a small heat shock protein) or several (i.e., glutathione S-transferase) gene duplications. Enzyme (or stress protein)-crystallins often maintain their non-refractive function in the lens and/or other tissues as well as their refractive role, a process we call gene sharing. α-Crystallin/small heat shock protein/molecular chaperone is of special interest since it is the major crystallin of humans. There are two α-crystallin genes (αA and αB), with αB retaining the full functions of a small heat shock protein. Here we describe recent evidence indicating that αA and αB have kinase activity, which would make them members of the enzyme-crystallins. We also describe various regulatory elements of the mouse α-crystallin genes responsible for their expression in the lens and, for αB, in skeletal muscle. Delineating the control elements for gene expression of these multifunctional protective proteins provides the foundations for their eventual use in gene therapy. Finally, comparison of the mouse and chicken αAcrystallin genes reveals similarities and differences in their functional cis-acting elements, indicative of evolution at the level of gene regulation.
Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on bones of healthy mice.

Summary Background & aims Altering the lipid component in diets may affect the incidence of metabolic bone disease in patients dependent on parenteral nutrition. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can impact bone health by modulating calcium metabolism, prostaglandin synthesis, lipid oxidation, osteoblast formation, and osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of PUFA on murine bone health. Methods Three-weeks-old male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) C57BL/6J mice were randomized into one of three dietary groups. The diets differed only in fat composition: soybean oil (SOY), rich in ω-6 PUFA; docosahexaenoic acid alone (DHA), an ω-3 PUFA; and DHA with arachidonic acid, an ω-6 PUFA, at a 20:1 ratio (DHA/ARA). After 9 weeks of dietary treatment, femurs were harvested for micro-computed tomographic analysis and mechanical testing via 3-point bending. Separate mice from each group were used solely for serial blood draws for measurement of biomarkers of bone formation and resorption. Results At the microstructural level, although some parameters in cortical bone reached differences that were statistically significant in female mice, these were too small to be considered biologically relevant. Similarly, trabecular bone parameters in male mice were statistically different in some dietary groups, although the biological interpretation of such subtle changes translate into a lack of effect in favor of any of the experimental diets. No differences were noted at the mechanical level and in blood-based biomarkers of bone metabolism across dietary groups within gender. Conclusions Subtle differences were noted at the bones' microstructural level, however these are likely the result of random effects that do not translate into changes that are biologically relevant. Similarly, differences were not seen at the mechanical level, nor were they reflected in blood-based biomarkers of bone metabolism. Altogether, dietary consumption of PUFA do not seem to affect bone structure or metabolism in a healthy model of growing mice.
Differential Privacy and Federal Data Releases

Federal statistics agencies strive to release data products that are informative for many purposes, yet also protect the privacy and confidentiality of data subjects’ identities and sensitive attri...
Perioperative Outcomes of Myomectomy for Extreme Myoma Burden: Comparison of Surgical Approaches

STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe the perioperative outcomes of various modes of myomectomy (abdominal [AM], laparoscopic [LM], or robotic [RM]) in cases of extreme myoma burden. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING A tertiary academic center in Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENTS All women who underwent an AM, LM, or RM for extreme myoma burden, defined as representing the upper quartile for specimen weight (≥434.6 g) or myoma count (≥7 myomas), between 2009 and 2016. INTERVENTIONS Baseline demographics and perioperative outcomes were collected from review of medical records, including estimated blood loss, operative time, length of stay, and complications. Univariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During the study period 659 women underwent myomectomy for extreme myoma burden; 47.2% of cases were AM, 28.1% LM, and 24.7% RM. Overall myoma burden differed across the 3 routes and was greatest in the AM group (mean weight: 696.2 ± 784.5 g for AM vs 586.6 ± 426.1 g for LM and 586.6 ± 426.1 g for RM; mean number: 16.8 ± 15.0 for AM vs 7.2 ± 7.0 for LM and 6.7 ± 4.7 for RM; p <.001 for both). The 3 routes differed in operative time and length of stay, with RM having the longest operative time (mean, 239.7 minutes; p <.001) and AM the longest length of stay (mean, 2.2 ± .9 days; p <.001). Other perioperative outcomes were similar across the surgical approaches. Increasing myoma burden was associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications for all surgical approaches, with a threshold of 13 myomas associated with an almost 2-fold higher risk of perioperative complications (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.70; p = .009). Cumulative incidence of perioperative complications with increasing specimen weight was greater in the RM cases as compared with AM (p = .002) or LM (p = .020), whereas the cumulative incidence of perioperative complications with increasing myoma count was lowest with AM compared with LM (p <.001) or RM (p <.001). CONCLUSION Myomectomy for extreme myomas is feasible using an abdominal, laparoscopic, or robotic approach. Increased myoma burden is associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications. A threshold of 13 myomas was associated with an almost 2-fold higher risk of perioperative complications for all modes. Perioperative complication outcomes were more favorable in AM or LM over RM with increased myoma weight and AM over LM or RM with increased myoma number.
Full 3D Thermal Simulation of GaN HEMT using Ultra-Fast Self-Adaptive Computations Driven by Experimentally Determined Thermal Maps

A 3D model is built to fully characterize the thermal performance of a GaN HEMT device. Surface temperature maps obtained experimentally are used for the validation of the thermal model. A search method optimizes the input parameter set that results in minimum error between the numerical and the experimental temperature distribution at the surface of the device. The model results are matched to experimental thermoreflectance imaging results obtained at different activation power levels. This experimentally validated thermal model thus provides a full 3D temperature distribution for the activated HEMT device and the optimized input parameter file can provide the actual thermal characteristics of the device under test.
Methemoglobinaemia with chronic phenazopyridine ingestion.

A 55-year-old Caucasian woman with history of multiple sclerosis and neurogenic bladder with suprapubic catheter presented to the emergency department with suprapubic pain and lethargy for 2 weeks. She was hypoxic, saturating 88% on room air. Her examination was notable for subtle bluish