cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONTINUUM AND CO/HCO + EMISSION FROM THE DISK AROUND THE T TAURI STAR LkCa 15

We present Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array λ = 3.4-1.2 mm dust continuum and spectral line observations of the accretion disk encircling the T Tauri star LkCa 15. The 1.2 mm dust continuum emission is resolved and gives a minimum diameter of 190 AU and an inclination angle of 57° ± 5°. There is a noticeable but, at present, poorly constrained decrease in the continuum spectral slope with frequency that may result from the coupled processes of grain growth and dust settling. Imaging of the fairly intense emission from the lowest rotational transitions of CO, ^(13)CO, and HCO^+ reveals a rotating disk substantially larger than that observed in the dust continuum. Emission extends to ~750 AU and the characteristic radius of the disk is determined to be ~425 AU (HWHM), based on model fits to the CO velocity field. The measured line ratios demonstrate that the emission from these species is optically thick, while that from C^(18)O and H^(13)CO^+ is optically thin, or nearly so. The disk mass derived from the CO isotopologues with typical dense cloud abundances is still nearly 2 orders of magnitude less than that inferred from the dust emission, the most probable explanation being extensive molecular depletion in the cold, dense disk midplane. Thus, while CO, HCO^+, and their isotopologues are excellent tracers of the disk velocity field, they are not reliable tracers of the disk mass. N_2H^+ 1 → 0 emission has also been detected which, along with HCO^+, sets a lower limit to the fractional ionization of 10^(-8) in the near-surface regions of protoplanetary disks. This first detection of N_2H^+ in circumstellar disks has also made possible a determination of the N_2/CO ratio (~2) that is at least an order of magnitude larger than those in the envelopes of young stellar objects and dense clouds. The large N_2/CO ratio indicates that our observations probe disk layers in which CO is depleted but some N_2 remains in the gas phase. Such differential depletion can lead to large variations in the fractional ionization with height in the outer reaches of circumstellar disks and may help to explain the relative nitrogen deficiency observed in comets.
ALLOY CATALYSTS DESIGNED FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES

The rational design of pure and alloy metal catalysts from fundamental principles has the potential to yield catalysts of greatly improved activity and selectivity. A promising area of research concerns the role that near-surface alloys (NSAs) can play in endowing surfaces with novel catalytic properties. NSAs are defined as alloys wherein a solute metal is present near the surface of a host metal in concentrations different from the bulk; here we use density functional theory calculations to introduce a new class of these alloys that can yield superior catalytic behaviour for hydrogen-related reactions. Some of these NSAs bind atomic hydrogen (H) as weakly as the noble metals (Cu, Au) while, at the same time, dissociating H2 much more easily. This unique set of properties may permit these alloys to serve as low-temperature, highly selective catalysts for pharmaceuticals production and as robust fuel-cell anodes.
Refolding Planar Polygons

This paper describes an algorithm for generating a guaranteed intersection-free interpolation sequence between any pair of compatible polygons. Our algorithm builds on prior results from linkage unfolding, and if desired it can ensure that every edge length changes monotonically over the course of the interpolation sequence. The computational machinery that ensures against self-intersection is independent from a distance metric that determines the overall character of the interpolation sequence. This decoupled approach provides a powerful control mechanism for determining how the interpolation should appear, while still assuring against intersection and guaranteeing termination of the algorithm. Our algorithm also allows additional control by accommodating a set of algebraic constraints that can be weakly enforced throughout the interpolation sequence.
Aspiration cytology of neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian cysts : Is it accurate ?

To evaluate the role of aspiration cytology in the distinction between neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, we examined the cytology of 81 aspirates from 80 women 14-67 years of age. We then correlated results with subsequent histology or the clinical follow-up. Aspiration were performed during laparoscopy (32 cases) or immediately after surgical removal of the tumors (49 cases). The cysts ranged in size from 1.0 to 43.0 cm. Papanicolaou-stained cytospin preparations of samples were evaluated, and the lesions were classified into non-neoplastic (68 cases), benign neoplasms (four cases), and malignant neoplasms (nine cases). Cytologic impressions were correlated with histologic findings in 74 cases and with the clinical follow-up in the remaining seven. Nine of the 12 (75%) cystadenocarcinomas, including two serous neoplasms of low malignant potential (LMP), were correctly diagnosed as malignant by cytology. There were no false-positive results. On the other hand, of the 26 benign neoplasms (19 cystadenomas and seven mature cystic teratomas), only four teratomas (15%) could be subclassified specifically. The remaining 68 aspirates were classified as non-neoplastic. Seventy-seven percent of all proven non-neoplastic cysts measured 8.0 cm. The overall diagnostic accuracy was improved from 63% to 69% when cyst size was taken into consideration. In malignant cysts the diagnostic sensitivity was 75%, specificity 100%, and overall accuracy 96%. We arrived at the following conclusions: Aspiration cytology is an accurate predictor of malignancy in ovarian cystic lesions, but because the sensitivity of the technique is not high enough, one should not rely on aspiration cytology alone; The differential diagnosis between cystadenocarcinomas and tumors of low malignant potential cannot be made by cytology; Although it is difficult to distinguish between benign neoplasms and non-neoplastic benign cysts, diagnostic accuracy will improve when the size of the lesion is considered; Aspiration cytology can provide particularly useful information in young women with functional cysts of the ovary to avoid an unnecessary operation; Acellular cyst fluids should not be considered nondiagnostic because they represent benign cysts in the majority of cases; false-negative results of fine-needle aspiration of cystic ovarian lesions is usually due to low cellularity of the sample and secondary degenerative changes; negative fine-needle aspiration results should be followed clinically.
Interpersonal and Emotional Processes in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Analogues During Social Interaction Tasks

Persons with chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) report maladaptive social cognitions, interpersonal behaviors, and emotional regulation. Because research has neither investigated these processes in actual social situations nor explored whether they take heterogeneous forms, the present study provides the first attempt to do so in a laboratory investigation. GAD analogue participants and nonanxious controls interacted with confederates in an unstructured collaborative story construction task and an emotional disclosure task with standardized confederate behavior. In both tasks, relative to controls, some GAD analogues highly overestimated, whereas others markedly underestimated, their negative (Hostile-Submissive) interpersonal impact on confederates. Although GAD analogues, as a group, exhibited greater sad affect during disclosures than controls, their openness during disclosures and liking by confederates varied with their level of misestimation of negative interpersonal impact. Results underscore the need to further explore interpersonal processes in chronic worriers and how they may exacerbate or maintain dysfunction.
Korean Rice, Taiwan Rice, and Japanese Agricultural Stagnation: An Economic Consequence of Colonialism

I. Empirical observation and hypothesis, 564. — Quantitative analysis, 574. — III. Findings and implications, 579.
Efficient Sequential Bargaining

Suppose that a seller and a buyer have private valuations for a good, and that their respective utilities from a trading mechanism are given by us and ub. (These utilities are determined by the valuation for the good, by whether a trade occurs, and by the price which is paid.) Consider the problem of maximizing E[λus + (1 − λ)ub] for some weight λ in the unit interval. It is shown in this article that, if λ is sufficiently close to zero or one, then the maximum value of this objective function attainable by a static revelation mechanism can be arbitrarily closely approximated by equilibria of the sequential bargaining games in which only a single player makes offers. That is, the welfare bound implied by the revelation principle is virtually attainable in offer/counteroffer bargaining. The main condition needed for this result is a monotone-hazard-rate assumption about the distribution of types. A class of examples is presented in which the result holds for all λ (i.e. the entire ex ante Pareto frontier).
Sol-gel approaches for solid electrolytes and electrode materials

Abstract Sol-gel chemistry has a great many potential applications in the preparation of unique electrochemical materials, from non-equilibrium transition metal oxides which may be of use as high energy density electrodes, to high surface area mixed oxides which may possess high proton conductivity, to novel composite structures consisting of inorganic gels in combination with organic electronic and ionic conductors. This papar reviews prior work on proton conduction in gel systems and presents recent work regarding electrode materials prepared by sol-gel methods and inorganic-organic materials.
Heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory

The formalism and applications of chiral perturbation theory for hadrons containing a single heavy quark are discussed. We emphasize the utility of working directly with the velocity-dependent “super” fields which appear in the chiral lagrangian and whose interactions manifestly preserve heavy quark spin symmetry rather than their individual spin components. Chiral logarithm corrections to meson and baryon Isgur-Wise functions are found using these fields. We also identify a unique dimension-5 operator which couples the axial vector Goldstone current to the heavy antriplet baryon field TQ. We then compute the differential rate for the spin symmetry violating decay Tb(υ)→Tc(υ′)lυlπ. The ratio of this decay rate to that for the corresponding pure semileptonic transition can be studied away from the zero recoil point.
Experimental Vasomotor Rhinitis

Unilateral and bilateral experimental vaso-motor rhinitis was produced in 4 dogs with cervical sympathectomy unilaterally and bilaterally. We studied this problem from several points of view in order to explain the mechanism of vasomotor rhinitis and the relationship between upper and lower respiratory tract.
The Witten genus and equivariant elliptic cohomology

We construct a Thom class in complex equivariant elliptic cohomology extending the equivariant Witten genus. This gives a new proof of the rigidity of the Witten genus, which exhibits a close relationship to recent work on non-equivariant orientations of elliptic spectra.
The Evolution of the Stellar Hosts of Radio Galaxies

We present new near-infrared images of z > 0.8 radio galaxies from the flux-limited 7C-III sample of radio sources for which we have recently obtained almost complete spectroscopic redshifts. The 7C objects have radio luminosities ?20 times fainter than 3C radio galaxies at a given redshift. The absolute magnitudes of the underlying host galaxies and their scale sizes are only weakly dependent on radio luminosity. Radio galaxy hosts at z ~ 2 are significantly brighter than the hosts of radio-quiet quasars at similar redshifts and the recent model AGN hosts of Kauffmann & Haehnelt. There is no evidence for strong evolution in scale size, which shows a large scatter at all redshifts. The hosts brighten significantly with redshift, consistent with the passive evolution of a stellar population that formed at z 3. This scenario is consistent with studies of host galaxy morphology and submillimeter continuum emission, both of which show strong evolution at z 2.5. The lack of a strong redshift cutoff in the radio luminosity function to z > 4 suggests that the formation epoch of the radio galaxy host population lasts 1 Gyr, from z 5 to z ~ 3. We suggest these facts are best explained by models in which the most massive galaxies and their associated AGN form early because of high baryon densities in the centers of their dark matter haloes.
Boys Named Sue: Disruptive Children and Their Peers

Abstract This article proposes an unusual identification strategy to estimate the effects of disruptive students on peer behavior and academic outcomes. Because boys with names most commonly given to girls may be more prone to misbehavior as they get older, they may become differentially disruptive in school. In elementary school there is no relationship between names and boys' behavior, but on transition to middle school, a large gap emerges in behavior between boys with names associated with girls and other boys. Using boys' names as an instrumental variable, I utilize data on names, classroom assignment, behavior problems, and student test scores from a large Florida school district in the school years spanning 1996–97 through 1999–2000 to directly measure the effects of classroom disruption on peer performance. I find that behavior problems are associated with increased peer disciplinary problems and reduced peer test scores, indicating that disruptive behavior of students has negative ramifications f...
The impacts of index rebalancing and their implications: Some new evidence from Japan

This study investigates the Nikkei 225 rebalancing. Unlike those for changes in the S&P 500, the price effects are permanent for both additions and deletions despite significant price reversals around both the announcement and effective days. The permanent price effects are shown to be consistent with the imperfect substitute hypothesis. Furthermore, the ‘arbitrage game’, as documented for the S&P additions, is played with both the Nikkei 225 additions and deletions. Lastly, consistent with its higher popularity, the Nikkei 225 changes induce more pronounced price and volume effects, more arbitrage trading, but less long-term volume effects than the Nikkei 500 reshuffles.
Quantum phase transitions in the bosonic single-impurity Anderson model

We consider a quantum impurity model in which a bosonic impurity level is coupled to a non-interacting bosonic bath, with the bosons at the impurity site subject to a local Coulomb repulsion U. Numerical renormalization group calculations for this bosonic single-impurity Anderson model reveal a zero-temperature phase diagram where Mott phases with reduced charge fluctuations are separated from a Bose-Einstein condensed phase by lines of quantum critical points. We discuss possible realizations of this model, such as atomic quantum dots in optical lattices. Furthermore, the bosonic single-impurity Anderson model appears as an effective impurity model in a dynamical mean-field theory of the Bose-Hubbard model.
In situ measurement of the ratio of aerosol absorption to extinction coefficient.

Abstract : A knowledge of the proportion of absorbed to scattered radiation for countermeasure smokes is necessary for modeling battlefield effects. Measurement of the total scattered component, however, is difficult. This report presents results obtained by using a new and simpler approach focussing on the extinction and the absorption coefficients (the total scattering coefficient is the difference quantity). Measurements of the absorption and extinction coefficients due to smoke produced by the combustion of 'red phosphorous' are simultaneously obtained in a small test chamber. The same CO2 laser beam at lambda = 9.55 micron is used to produce both results. A form of aerosol spectrophone cell was used to measure the absorption coefficient while functioning as a transmission cell from which the extinction coefficient was calculated. The ratio of the absorption to extinction coefficients was then compared with estimates of the same quantities based on calculated particle sizes, the particle size estimates being obtained from characteristics of the settling process. The ratio agreed with that predicted within the experimental error. (Author)
Hypermedia, eternal life, and the impermanence agent

We look to media as memory, and a place to memorialize, when we have lost. Hypermedia pioneers such as Ted Nelson and Vannevar Bush envisioned the ultimate media within the ultimate archive—with each element in continual flux, and with constant new addition. Dynamism without loss. Instead we have the Web, where “Not Found” is a daily message. Projects such as the Internet Archive and Afterlife dream of fixing this uncomfortable impermanence. Marketeers promise that agents (indentured information servants that may be the humans of About.com or the software of “Ask Jeeves”) will make the Web comfortable through filtering—hiding the impermanence and overwhelming profluence that the Web's dynamism produces. The Impermanence Agent—a programmatic, esthetic, and critical project created by the author, Brion Moss, a.c. chapman, and Duane Whitehurst— operates differently. It begins as a storytelling agent, telling stories of impermanence, stories of preservation, memorial stories. It monitors each user's Web brows...
El discurso apocalíptico en La guerra del fin del mundo

This article explores the visionary register of Mario Vargas Llosa's La guerra del fin del mundo (1981). In Vargas Llosa's novel, there is a narrative tension between the historical context in which the action takes place and the religious discourse that tries to transcend it. The context is the construction of a modern order on the continent; the Counselor's religious discourse represents the rebellion against that order being imposed on the countryside from the capital. Vargas Llosa's apocalyptic narrative is proof of the limits of the liberal oligarchy's modernizing project against the popular classes’ severe questioning. In the end, the State imposes its law through war and, with victory, founds a new order, but that foundation—modernity's cost—must be carried out by assimilating certain values espoused by the defeated rebels. The visionary register aims to transcend its historical context, but in all actuality, it represents it. This novel's apocalyptic discourse is the discourse upon which all of La...
The Pfaffian-Grassmannian derived equivalence

We argue that there exists a derived equivalence between Calabi-Yau threefolds obtained by taking dual linear sections (of the appropriate codimension) of the Grassmannian G(2, 7) and the Pfaffian Pf(7). The existence of such an equivalence has been conjectured by physicists for almost ten years, as the two families of Calabi-Yau threefolds are believed to have the same mirror. It is the first example of a derived equivalence between Calabi-Yau threefolds which are provably non-birational.
Application of HOST Technology to the SSME HPFTP Blade

The development of turbine blade analysis tools as they moved from research contracts under the NASA HOST (Hot Section Technology) program to a PC-based system for preliminary design and to use in evaluating the SSME HPFTP (Space Shuttle Main Engine High Pressure Fuel Turbo Pump) blade is discussed. The heat transfer and structural analysis of the blade, the development of a data base for constitutive modeling of the blade materials, including coatings, and the use of advanced nonlinear finite element methods are addressed.
Intramolecular hydrogen isotope effect in the pyrolysis of diethyl carbonate‐1,1,1,2,2‐d5

The thermal unimolecular decomposition of diethyl carbonate-1,1,1,2,2-d5 has been examined in the high-pressure-limiting region. The observed chemistry is consistent with a simple, competitive two-channel model: The intramolecular isotope effect kH/kD has been determined, and the relative Arrhenius parameters for the two channels are given by over the temperature range of 540–620 K. These Arrhenius parameters predict an isotope effect kH/kD = 5.4 at 300 K.
Spin Sum Rules and Polarizabilities:. Results from Jefferson Lab

The nucleon spin structure has been an active, exciting and intriguing subject of interest for the last three decades. Recent experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers provide new information in the confinement regime and the transition region from the confinement regime to the asymptotic freedom regime. New insight is gained by exploring moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e. the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn, Burkhardt-Cottingham and Bjorken). The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule is verified to good accuracy. The spin structure moments data are compared with Chiral Perturbation Theory calculations at low momentum transfers. It is found that chiral perturbation calculations agree reasonably well with the first moment of the spin structure function g{sub 1} at momentum transfer of 0.05 to 0.1 GeV{sup 2} but fail to reproduce the neutron data in the case of the generalized polarizability {delta}{sub LT} (the {delta}{sub LT} puzzle). New data have been taken on the neutron ({sup 3}He), the proton and the deuteron at very low Q{sup 2} down to 0.02 GeV{sup 2}. They will provide benchmark tests of Chiral dynamics in the kinematic region where the Chiral Perturbation theory is expected to work.
ABSTRACT LOGIC TREE BASED FRAMEWORK FOR COMPONENT BASED SOLUTION COMPOSITION DESIGN AND EXECUTION

Component based development is gaining increasing popularity for agile system development through reuse of existing asset. To make this approach effective enough to implement, the paradigm of "solution = components + composition logic" should be successfully realized. The current component composition approaches are either not flexible enough, have less visibility of the composition logic or demanding heavy platform and technology dependencies. Abstract Logic Tree is a mechanism of using a task decomposition approach based on a divide-and-conquer strategy to support composition design and execution. In this paper, the design of the Abstract Logic Tree and related methodology, the composition logic modeling capability, and the supporting framework named DynaTree are presented. The travel plan case is used to demonstrate the solution development process through the Abstract Logic Tree method.
Versal deformations of formal arcs

Let X be a complex algebraic variety, and L(X) be the scheme of formal arcs in X. Let f be an arc whose image is not contained in the singularities of X. We show that the formal neighborhood of f in L(X) admits a decomposition into a product of an infinite-dimensional smooth piece, and a piece isomorphic to the formal neighborhood of a closed point of a scheme of finite type.
Betatron oscillations in a free electron laser

A dispersion relation is used to study the effect of betatron oscillations on the gain of a guided mode in a free electron laser operating in the high-gain regime before saturation. We assume the electron beam to be matched to the natural focussing of a helical wiggler, and our treatment includes the effects of the finite energy spread and emittance of the electron beam, the transverse gradient in the wiggler, and the variation of the electromagnetic wave transverse phase experienced by the electrons due to betatron oscillations.
Pionic dark matter

We study a phenomenological model where the lightest dark matter (DM) particles are the pseudo-Goldstone excitations associated with a spontaneously broken symmetry, and transforming linearly with respect to an unbroken group $ {{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{DM}}} $ . For definiteness we take $ {{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{DM}}} $ = SU(N) and assume the Goldstone particles are bosons; in parallel with QCD, we refer to these particles as dark-matter pions. This scenario is in contrast to the common assumption that DM fields transform linearly under the full symmetry of the model. We illustrate the formalism by treating in detail the case of $ {{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{DM}}} $ = SU(2), in particular we calculate all the interactions relevant for the Boltzmann equations, which we solve numerically; we also derive approximate analytic solutions and show their consistency with the numerical results. We then compare the results with the constraints derived from the cold DM and direct detection experiments and derive the corresponding restrictions on the model parameters. We also briefly comment on constraints from indirect detection of DM.
Accessibility of the Fluorescent Reporter Group in Native, Silica-Adsorbed, and Covalently Attached Acrylodan-Labeled Serum Albumins

Fluorescence quenching techniques are used to investigate the accessibility of a model biorecognition element−reporter group system when in buffer, surface-adsorbed, and covalently attached to a silica surface. The site-selective fluorescent reporter group, 6-acryloyl(dimethylamino)naphthalene (acrylodan, Ac), is attached covalently (at cysteine-34) to bovine and human serum albumin (BSA and HSA, respectively) and serves as a surrogate recognition element−reporter group system. Molecular oxygen is used to quench the Ac fluorescence and the accessibility, in the form of bimolecular rate constants (kq), in each model system is quantified. Although one might expect these systems to exhibit similar behavior, differences in quenching characteristics are observed, such as wavelength dependency of the Stern−Volmer quenching constant (KSV) for the native proteins in buffer. BSA-Ac exhibits wavelength dependent KSV values as well as a blue-shifted emission spectrum on O2 addition. Physisorption of BSA-Ac onto a fu...
Three-Dimensional CFD Rotordynamic Analysis of Gas Labyrinth Seals

Labyrinth seals are utilized inside turbomachinery to provide noncontacting control of internal leakage. These seals can also play an important role in determining the rotordynamic stability of the machine. Traditional labyrinth seal models are based on bulk-flow assumptions where the fluid is assumed to behave as a rigid body affected by shear stress at the interfaces. To model the labyrinth seal cavity, a single, driven vortex is assumed and relationships for the shear stress and divergence angle of the through flow jet are developed. These models, while efficient to compute, typically show poor prediction for seals with small clearances, high running speed, and high pressure.* In an effort to improve the prediction of these components, this work utilizes three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the labyrinth seal flow path by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. Unlike bulk-flow techniques, CFD makes no fundamental assumptions on geometry, shear stress at the walls, as well as internal flow structure. The method allows modeling of any arbitrarily shaped domain including stepped and interlocking labyrinths with straight or angled teeth. When only leakage prediction is required, an axisymmetric model is created. To calculate rotordynamic forces, a full 3D, eccentric model is solved. The results demonstrate improved leakage anti rotordynamic prediction over bulk-flow approaches compared to experimental measurements.
Surface resistance of single-crystal copper in the millimeter-wave region at room temperature

Abstract Measurements of the surface resistance of plane surfaces of single-crystal copper were carried out at 35 GHz. The results indicate an anomaly of the skin effect at room temperature. The investigated surfaces were prepared in stress-free processes, annealed, and manipulated in purified hydrogen and argon.
A Pd(0)-catalyzed route to 13-methylidenefarnesyl diphosphate

Abstract The synthesis of the novel FPP analog 13-methylidenefarnesyl diphosphate 2 is described. The key step in the synthetic sequence involved the stereoselective coupling of enol triflate 8 with vinyltributyltin using Pd(AsPh 3 ) 2 and CuI as catalysts to afford primarily the desired cis -divinylester 7 . It is also demonstrated that other 3-substituted farnesyl analogs can be prepared by this Pd(0)-catalyzed route.
Randomized algorithms for metrical task systems

Abstract Borodin et al. (1992) introduce a general model for online systems in [3] called task systems and show a deterministic algorithm which achieves a competitive ratio of 2n − 1 for any metrical task system with n states. We present a randomized algorithm which achieves a competitive ratio of e/(e − 1)n − 1/(e − 1) ≈ 1.5820n − 0.5820 for this same problem. For the uniform metric space, Borodin et al. present an algorithm which achieves a competitive ratio of 2Hn, and they show a lower bound of Hn, for any randomized algorithm. We improve their upper bound for the uniform metric space by showing a randomized algorithm which is (Hn + O(√log n))-competitive.
Hierarchical Determination of Nuclear Deformability by Lamin Isoforms during Adult Hematopoiesis: Implications in Blood Cell Trafficking

Some blood cell types become softer in maturation to facilitate trafficking from marrow through the endothelial barrier and into the circulation. However, any common molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. Cellular deformability is determined by elasticity of the cortex and the nucleus, and the latter is dynamically regulated by changes in expression and organization of the nuclear lamins. We developed a novel protein isoform expression analysis algorithm, “mass spectrometry calibrated intracellular flow cytometry”, to quantify lamin stoichiometries in human hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors through different mature blood lineages. This approach reveals the hematopoietic lineage map of lamins, showing that lamin A varies by 4-fold, while the normally ‘constitutive’ lamin B varies by 30-fold. During differentiation, lymphoid and myeloid lineages show decreased total lamin intensity and pliable nuclei as measured by micropipette aspiration, consistent with their ability to transmigrate into circulation. In contrast, megakaryocytes (MKs) remain in marrow because their polyploid nuclei are too large and rigid, as indicated by high lamin levels; this nuclear anchorage allows MKs to extend membrane projections into blood, where shear generates circulating platelets. Erythroid lineages share the same progenitor with MKs and migrate into blood as enucleated RBCs, because of high lamin A intensity relative to B in the progenitors and stiff chromatin. Functional studies indicate that lamin A overexpression increases MK and erythroid differentiation by 2-fold, while the knockdown increases migration through pores by 2-fold. Interestingly, increasing the lamin A to B ratio by lamin B1 knockdown decreases nuclear deformability by up to 50%. Together, the study suggests that nuclear deformability is hierarchically programmed by differential expression of lamins during hematopoietic differentiation, which in turn influence the ability of cells to migrate through marrow.
Stereospecific synthesis of 2′-deoxy pyrimidine and 5,6-dihydro 5-hydroxy thymidine nucleosides

Abstract An economic and versatile synthesis of 2′-deoxy and 2′,3′-dideoxy pyrimidine nucleosides is described. Readily available oxazoline 1 is condensed with glycidate 2 to give anhydro nucleoside 3 . This is converted to the title compounds following established routes.
Synthesis of 3-substituted-2-benzothiazolinone, 2-benzoxazolinone and benzothiazoline-2-thione†

The reaction of 2-benzothiazolinone, 2-benzoxazolinone or benzothiazoline-2-thione under basic conditions with various electrophiles afforded the titled compounds 1-13, 29-31 and 40-48. The 3-(substituted-aminomethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone and related compounds 14-25 were prepared by the reaction of 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone or the appropriate 2-benzothiazolinone and formaldehyde with the appropriate amine or substituted aniline. The reaction of 9, 13 or 25 with methyl iodide afforded the quaternary ammonium iodides 26-28. The reaction of the appropriate potassium salts of various phenol with 3-(chloromethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone afforded the 3-(substituted-phenoxymethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone and related compounds 32-39. The ethyl or isopropylxanthates 49-54 were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-benzo-thiazolinone and appropriate compounds with potassium ethyl or isopropyl xanthate. The reaction of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone with sodium sulfide afforded the sulfide 55.
Buyer-seller relationships in international trade: Evidence from U.S. States' exports and business-class travel ☆

Abstract International trade has become increasingly dependent on the transmission of complex information, often realized via face-to-face communication. This paper provides novel evidence for the importance of in-person business meetings in international trade. Interactions among trade partners entail a fixed cost of trade, but at the same time they generate relationship capital, which adds bilateral specific value to the traded products. Differences in the face-to-face communication intensity of traded goods, bilateral travel costs and foreign market size determine the optimal amount of interaction between trade partners. Using U.S. state level data on international business-class air travel as a measure of in-person business meetings, I find robust evidence that the demand for business-class air travel is directly related to volume and composition of exports in differentiated products. I also find that trade flows in R&D intensive manufactures and goods facing contractual frictions are most dependent on face-to-face meetings. The econometric identification exploits the cross-state variation in bilateral exports and business-class air travelers by foreign country and time period, circumventing any spurious correlation induced by cross-country differences driving aggregate travel and trade patterns.
On Tightness of the Skew Random Walks

The primary purpose of this paper is to prove a tightness of 𝛼-skew random walks. The tightness result implies, in particular, that the 𝛼-skew Brownian motion can be constructed as the scaling limit of such random walks. Our proof of tightness is based on a fourth-order moment method.
On the dynamic behavior of the wobblestone

The wobblestone is a generalized form of a top with distinct inertias and a nonspherical surface at the point of contact to the horizontal plane on which it moves. Some wobble-stones exhibit a curious property of allowing steady rotation about the vertical principal inertia axis only when rotated in one direction, while other wobblestones exhibit repeated reversals of the direction of rotation after being spun. Here, nonlinear equations governing the motion of a wobblestone are derived assuming no slippage at the point of contact to the supporting rigid plane, which corresponds to a conservative model. The equations are formulated in a manner suitable for numerical integration. The major observed properties of the motion of these asymmetrical tops are demonstrated in numerical simulations. The results lead to a better understanding of their complex and fundamentally nonlinear motion.
From searching text to querying XML streams

XML data is queried with a limited form of regular expressions, in a language called XPath. New XML stream processing applications, such as content-based routing or selective dissemination of information, require thousands or millions of XPath expressions to be evaluated simultaneously on the incoming XML stream at a high, sustained rate. In its simplest approximation, the XPath evaluation problem is analogous to the text search problem, in which one or several regular expressions need to be matched to a given text. At a finer level, it is related to the tree pattern matching problem. However, unlike the traditional setting, the number of regular expressions here is much larger, while the "text" is much shorter, since it corresponds to the depth of the XML stream. In this paper we examine techniques that have been proposed for XML stream processing and describe a few open problems.
Mechanistic model for deformation of polymer nanocomposite melts under large amplitude shear

We report the mechanical response of a model nanocomposite system of poly(styrene) (PS)-silica to large-amplitude oscillatory shear deformations. Nonlinear behavior of PS nanocomposites is discussed with the changes in particle dispersion upon deformation to provide a complete physical picture of their mechanical properties. The elastic stresses for the particle and polymer are resolved by decomposing the total stress into its purely elastic and viscous components for composites at different strain levels within a cycle of deformation. We propose a mechanistic model which captures the deformation of particles and polymer networks at small and large strains, respectively. We show, for the first time, that chain stretching in a polymer nanocomposite obtained in large amplitude oscillatory deformation is in good agreement with the nonlinear chain deformation theory of polymeric networks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Nanocomposite Materials from Functional Polymers and Magnetic Colloids

The synthesis of polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles is reviewed. This class of organic/inorganic materials has gained significant attention for potential applications in biomedicine, separations, and magnetic storage. We outline the various approaches that have been investigated to encapsulate discrete magnetic colloids with functional polymer shells. An essential component of this research is the preparation of polymeric surfactants that enable synthesis, passivation, and functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles. Various polymerization techniques, namely, living and controlled polymerizations, such as, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and controlled radical processes have been applied to synthesize core‐shell colloids possessing tunable film thickness, composition, and properties.
Translational research on aging: clinical epidemiology as a bridge between the sciences.

Using the principles of clinical epidemiology, public health officials were able to organize society to prevent the transmission of disease and premature death well before the basic science mechanisms of such interventions were understood.1 Using the same principles, the association between aging, disease, disability, and social structures has been recognized for at least a century.2 Community-based surveys in the 1950s identified a litany of medical, psychological, and social ailments common among older adults. Since that time, dozens of longitudinal cohort studies in multiple countries have reported similar findings: (1) most older adults live independently at home and most of their needs are provided through informal care systems; (2) these older adults suffer from unmet social and medical needs; and (3) the lack of social, economic, recreational, and educational opportunities contribute to disability.2 These studies also revealed that conditions once thought to be inevitable concomitants of normal aging were, in fact, preventable or could be properly managed so as to prevent excess disability. A cohort study of older adults in 2013 would reach similar conclusions. What continues to change, however, is this boundary between normal aging and disease and, thus, the range of potential targets for medical or social intervention.
A reinterpretation of the traditional income–leisure model, with application to in-kind subsidy programs

Abstract The traditional income–leisure model treats income as a composite commodity; it is not appropriate for studying commodity subsidies which alter relative prices within the composite. I suggest reinterpreting the traditional model as a special case of a utility function weakly separable with respect to leisure and all other commodities. This interpretation allows the work incentive effects of any subsidy program to be inferred from the terms of the program and data on the work effort effects of any other subsidy program, most notably income maintenance experiments. I illustrate the approach by estimating the work incentive effects of public housing. The model implies that even if special complementaries between leisure or work and the subsidized good are neglected, in-kind transfers will have different work incentive effects than equivalent cash transfers. In practice, in-kind transfers will generally stimulate work effort vis-a-vis equivalent cash grants.
Synthesis of the ezomycin nucleoside disaccharide.

A protected ezomycin octosyl nucleoside was glycosylated at O-6‘ with a protected ezoaminuroic acid donor to afford, following several functional group modifications, the title compound 1 (≡ 4-desamino-4-oxoezomycin A2).
A Multivariate Generalization of Quantile-Quantile Plots

Abstract In this article we present a multivariate generalization of quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. Like univariate Q-Q plots, these plots are useful for examining the distributional shape of multivariate point clouds. These plots are based on finding a matching between the points of the data set whose shape is being examined and a reference sample. Graphical displays of how well the point clouds match are then developed. The reference sample used as the basis for comparison is typically derived from a random sample from a known multivariate distribution. The approach presented in this article is both a direct extension of the usual univariate Q-Q plot and truly multivariate in nature. It is truly multivariate in that the displays we develop show different aspects of one multivariate comparison between the data and the reference sample. This is unlike most generalizations of Q-Q plots to the multivariate case, which are based on making standard univariate Q-Q plots after some function of the multivariate ...
Nanonetworks: a new frontier in communications

Nanotechnology is enabling the development of devices in a scale ranging from one to a few one hundred nanometers. Nanonetworks, i.e., the interconnection of nano-scale devices, are expected to expand the capabilities of single nano-machines by allowing them to cooperate and share information. Traditional communication technologies are not directly suitable for nanonetworks mainly due to the size and power consumption of existing transmitters, receivers and additional processing components. All these define a new communication paradigm that demands novel solutions such as nano-transceivers, channel models for the nano-scale, and protocols and architectures for nanonetworks. In this talk, first the state-of-the-art in nano-machines, including architectural aspects, expected features of future nano-machines, and current developments are presented for a better understanding of the nanonetwork scenarios. Moreover, nanonetworks features and components are explained and compared with traditional communication networks. Novel nano-antennas based on nano-materials as well as the terahertz band are investigated for electromagnetic communication in nanonetworks. Furthermore, molecular communication mechanisms are presented for short-range networking based on ion signaling and molecular motors, for medium-range networking based on flagellated bacteria and nanorods, as well as for long-range networking based on pheromones and capillaries. Finally, open research challenges such as the development of network components, molecular communication theory, and new architectures and protocols, which need to be solved in order to pave the way for the development and deployment of nanonetworks within the next couple of decades are presented.
Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries in Globular Clusters: Variability of the Optical Counterpart of X1832-330 in NGC 6652.

Evidence is emerging that the luminous X-ray sources in the cores of globular clusters may often consist of, or perhaps even as a class be dominated by, ultracompact (P 1 hr) binary stars. To the two such systems already known, in NGC 6624 and NGC 6712, we now add evidence for two more. We detect large-amplitude variability in the candidate optical counterpart for the X-ray source in the core of NGC 6652. Although the available observations are relatively brief, the existing Hubble Space Telescope data indicate a strong 43.6 minute periodic modulation of the visible flux of semiamplitude 30%. Further, although the orbital period of the source in NGC 1851 is not yet explicitly measured, we demonstrate that previous correlations of optical luminosity with X-ray luminosity and accretion disk size, strengthened by recent data, strongly imply that the period of that system is also less than 1 hr. Thus, currently there is evidence that four of the seven globular cluster X-ray sources with constrained periods are ultracompact, a fraction far greater than that found in X-ray binaries the field.
Visualization of interfirm relations in a converging mobile ecosystem

The mobile ecosystem is characterized by a large and complex network of companies interacting with each other, directly and indirectly, to provide a broad array of mobile products and services to end-customers. With the convergence of enabling technologies, the complexity of the mobile ecosystem is increasing multifold as new actors are emerging, new relations are formed, and the traditional distribution of power is shifted. Drawing on theories of network science, complex systems, interfirm relationships, and the creative art and science of visualization, this paper identifies key players and maps the complex structure and dynamics of nearly 7000 global companies and over 18,000 relationships in the converging mobile ecosystem. Our approach enables decision makers to (i) visually explore the complexity of interfirm relations in the mobile ecosystem, (ii) discover the relation between current and emerging segments, (iii) determine the impact of convergence on ecosystem structure, (iv) understand a firm's competitive position, and (v) identify interfirm relation patterns that may influence their choice of innovation strategy or business models.
K-theory and Ramond-Ramond charge

We discuss the relation between the Ramond-Ramond charges of D-branes and the topology of Chan-Paton vector bundles. We show that a topologically nontrivial normal bundle induces RR charge and that the result fits in perfectly with the proposal that D-brane charge is the topology of the Chan-Paton bundle, regarded as an element of K-theory.
Heat Transfer Characteristics for Jet Array Impingement With Initial Crossflow

Two-dimensional arrays of circular air jets impinging on a heat transfer surface parallel to the jet orifice plate are considered. The jet flow, after impingement, is constrained to exit in a single direction along the channel formed by the jet orifice plate and the heat transfer surface. In addition to the crossflow which originates from the jets following impingement, an initial crossflow is present which approaches the array through an upstream extension of the channel. The temperature of the initial crossflow air may differ from the jet air temperature. The configurations considered are intended to model the impingement cooled midchord region of gas turbine airfoils in cases where an initial crossflow is also present. Nusselt numbers and dimensionless adiabatic wall temperatures resolved to one streamwise jet hole spacing were experimentally determined for ratios of the initial crossflow rate to the total jet flow rate ranging from zero to unity. These are presented and discussed relative to the flow and geometric parameters.