cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Young Man Evaluated for Suspicion of Lymphoma

A 21-year-old man had moved to Riverside County, California from Botswana at 7 years of age. He presented with B symptoms: intermittent fever, fatigue, and 20 kg weight loss progressive over 6 weeks. He had no relevant past medical history; his last trip to Africa was in 2002. On examination, he had axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy; nodular skin ulcerations were present on the forehead, fingers, scalp, and chest (Figure 1C). Laboratory studies showed low hemoglobin (10.7 g/dL), a negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis interferon-γ release assay, and a negative serology for human immunodeficiency virus. A concern for lymphoma prompted a positron emission computer tomography scan (PET CT-coronal images shown), which showed extensive tracer uptake in mediastinal and axillary lymph nodes (Figure 1A-anterior coronal image shown), vertebral bodies and pedicles, and the right testis (Figure 1B-posterior coronal image shown).1 An excisional biopsy (hematoxylin and eosin [HE cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Fluconazole 800 mg/d by mouth led to clinical resolution. Infections with Coccidioides immitis/posadasii are common in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of South America,2 and has recently been found to be expanding in range to previously unsuspected areas such as Washington State.3
Design, manufacture and test of a novel structural battery based on sandwich construction

The principles of sandwich construction were used to design, manufacture, and analyze multifunctional sandwich beams that can withstand structural load and also store electrochemical energy. Three ...
Applying the ADDIE Model to Online Instruction

This chapter assembles best ideas and practices from successful online instructors and recent literature. Suggestions include strategies for online class design, syllabus development, and online class facilitation, which provide successful tips for both new and experienced online instructors. This chapter also incorporates additional ideas, tips, and tricks gathered since the paper was originally published in the October 2004 issues of the International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning as “Tips and Tricks for Teaching Online: How to Teach Like a Pro!”
Single Molecule Imaging in Living Cells by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy in facilitating single molecule imaging in living cells. TIRF can be achieved using one of a number of illumination schemes, but most researchers use either prism- or objective-type configurations. In prism-type TIRF, the excitation laser does not enter the internal optical path of the microscope, but rather is directed at the sample from above, through a prism that is optically coupled to the glass slide via a layer of glycerol. Due to their extreme sensitivity and high readout speed, intensified charge-coupled device-based cameras are excellent for single molecule imaging. High-end intensified charge-coupled devices (ICCDs) have single photon sensitivity under ideal conditions and can acquire 640 × 480 images directly to digital storage media at rates of over 100 frames per second. Traditional, cooled CCDs are a feasible alternative in some applications and are desirable for their high image quality and the strong linearity of their response.
A Survey on Interaction Log Analysis for Evaluating Exploratory Visualizations

The trend of exploratory visualization development has driven the visual analytics (VA) community to design special evaluation methods. The main goals of these evaluations are to understand the exploration process and improve it by recording users' interactions and thoughts. Some of the recent works have focused on performing manual evaluations of the interaction logs, however, lately some researchers have taken the step towards automating the process using interaction logs. In this paper we show the capability of how interaction log analysis can be automated by summarizing previous works' steps into building blocks. In addition, we demonstrate the use of each building block by showing their methodologies as use case scenarios, such as how to encode and segment interactions and what machine learning algorithms can automate the process. We also link the studies reviewed with sensemaking aspects and interaction taxonomies selection.
New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pediatric Severe Sepsis: A Sepsis Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children with severe sepsis. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, point prevalence study. Setting: International, multicenter PICUs. Patients: Pediatric patients with severe sepsis identified on five separate days over a 1-year period. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of 567 patients from 128 PICUs in 26 countries enrolled, 384 (68%) developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within 7 days of severe sepsis recognition. Three hundred twenty-seven had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on the day of sepsis recognition. Ninety-one of these patients developed progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, whereas an additional 57 patients subsequently developed new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, yielding a total proportion with severe sepsis-associated new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of 26%. Hospital mortality in patients with progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 51% compared with patients with new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (28%) and those with single-organ dysfunction without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (10%) (p < 0.001). Survivors of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome also had a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of greater than or equal to 3 and an increase of greater than or equal to 1 from baseline: 22% versus 29% versus 11% for progressive, new, and no multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Development of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is common (26%) in severe sepsis and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than severe sepsis without new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our data support the use of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as an important outcome in trials of pediatric severe sepsis although efforts are needed to validate whether reducing new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome leads to improvements in more definitive morbidity and mortality endpoints.
Blurred Lines Dysbiosis and Probiotics in the ICU

Clinicians have traditionally dichotomized bacteria as friendly commensals or harmful pathogens. However, the line separating the two has become blurred with the recognition that the intestinal microbiome is a complex entity in which species can shift sides—from friend to foe and back again—based on crucial factors in their local environment. Significant disruptions in the homeostasis of the microbiome, a phenomenon called dysbiosis, is increasingly associated with a host of untoward effects. Patients in the ICU are at high risk for dysbiosis given the high rate of antibiotic use, acute changes in diet, and the stress of critical illness. Probiotics are living microbes of human origin that when ingested in sufficient quantities, can colonize sites such as the oropharynx and GI tract and provide benefits to the host. In recent years, we have increasingly explored the utility of using probiotics to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis associated with critical illness, thereby reducing select ICU complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although these preliminary efforts have demonstrated varying degrees of success, our present studies suffer from a host of limitations that hinder the strength of their conclusions and the generalizability of their results. Probiotic investigations have been further hobbled by current regulatory requirements, which were designed to serve as the framework for pharmaceutical research. Although such measures are intended to ensure patient safety, they inadvertently impose barriers that stifle innovation regarding nutraceuticals. This review strives to summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of probiotics in the ICU as well as to provide an overview of the obstacles probiotic researchers face going forward.
Parental Plurilingual Capital in a Monolingual Context: Investigating Strengths to Support Young Children in Early Childhood Settings

Parents who are plurilingual have a portfolio of assets they can use to support the language development of their children. This portfolio of assets is positioned as a strength that parents bring into their partnership with early childhood educators. However, not all parents who are plurilingual have the same assets in their language portfolios. Our study, using case studies of parents who have multiple languages and a desire to raise their children with more than one language, demonstrates that previous parental experiences with multiple languages, and intra-familial support for multiple languages combine to impact on parental language strengths and the expectations parents have of early childhood professionals. To build effective partnerships with parents, early childhood professionals need to understand the assets in parental language portfolios.
Fabrication and vibration characterization of electrically triggered shape memory polymer beams

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMP) exhibit temperature, frequency and strain rate dependent properties which may be manipulated by various types of external stimuli to achieve desirable response characteristics. In recent years, the emphasis has been on designing SMPs which do not require external stimuli (such as a heat source) and have a rapid response time with large homogenous and reversible deformation characteristics. In this research, the fabrication process and dynamic vibration testing of an electrically activated SMP are presented. It is shown that conductive SMP beams can be fabricated to achieve tunable stiffness and damping with a reasonable thermal gradient generated by electrical triggering. This can allow the tuning of a range of frequency bandwidth and damping properties of SMPs for vibration control applications. The experimentation yielded modal properties (natural frequencies and damping) of the SMP beams. These parameters were validated against values obtained from the estimated performance of these beams based on the complex modulus parameters obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). For a modest 20 °C temperature range in an epoxy based SMP, a resulting shift of approximately 7% in the natural frequency and 100% change in the damping ratio of a rectangular beam was successfully attained. These results recommend SMPs as being tunable materials that can enhance vibrational performance and expand the operational envelope of structures.
Equilibrium configuration of a bounded inextensible membrane subject to solar radiation pressure

Abstract The equilibrium shape of a thin inextensible membrane subject to solar radiation pressure under given boundary constraints is studied. The membrane is assumed to be insusceptible to elastic deformation and to have negligible bending resistance, and its steady-state shape is therefore described by a developable surface (i.e., a surface of zero Gaussian curvature), resulting from an equilibrium between radiation pressure and membrane tension forces. A quantitative understanding of the mechanics of such membranes is essential in characterizing the dynamics of solar sail spacecraft that use sail wing tip displacement as an attitude control mode. The analysis in this paper develops a theoretical foundation for the billowed wing shape. Under reasonable simplifying assumptions, the key result is that solar radiation pressure and a given wing tip displacement yield a billowed solar sail wing with the shape of a generalized cylinder (i.e., a developable ruled surface, whose rulings are all parallel, rather than a general developable with variable ruling directions). The base curve geometry for the solar sail is also determined as the solution to a boundary value problem. The results presented herein allow the shape of the billowed membrane to be computed to any desired precision, for any given tip displacement.
Reply to Drs. Henni and Abraham: Muscle oxygen content at exercise in patients with claudication

to the editor: We are grateful for the opportunity to further discuss the topic of tissue oxygenation in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) ([4][1]). Both near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) are useful techniques to determine blood flow to lower
Human T lymphocyte cell line producing colony-stimulating activity

We derived a permanent human T lymphocyte cell line that elaborates a potent colony-stimulating activity (CSA). The line was established with spleen cells from a patient with a T lymphocyte variant of hairy-cell leukemia. These cells form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, show a proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and are lysed by antithymocyte globulin. They do not synthesize immunoglobulin, nor do they contain Epstein-Barr virus. CSA is regularly detected in the supernatant medium after 3 days culture. In the presence of PHA there is augmented elaboration of CSA; maximal activity is reached by 2 days and is 20% greater than that produced by a feeder layer of 1 X 10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes. One microliter of the supernatant material stimulated colony formation from the light-density nonadherent fraction of human bone marrow; there was maximal activity between 10 and 50 microliter/ml. Conditioned medium from these cells has little effect in stimulating CFU-C from murine bone marrow. The availability of a human T lymphocyte line producing CSA will provide a source for large quantities of the lymphocyte-derived hormone and permit a definition of factors modulating the interaction of T lymphocytes with granulocyte and monocyte stem cells.
The variational approach to splines

The variational approach to splines plays no role in Schoenberg’s early spline papers, except for the fact that the name “spline” is motivated by the observation (credited in [31*] to L. H. Thomas of Ohio State University) that a draftman’s spline, when constrained “to take the shape of a curve which is nearly parallel to the x-axis,... is a polygonal line composed of cubic arcs which join continuously, with a continuous first and second derivative.” Yet it was the variational approach, as commenced by Holladay [H] in 1957, that persuaded the computing public, newly equipped with electronic computing machines, that splines rather than polynomials should be used for curve fitting. As Holladay points out, the natural cubic spline s is the smoothest function agreeing with it at its knot sequence t = (t 1..., t N ) in the interval [a, b], in the sense that $$\int_a^b {\left[ {s''\left( t \right)} \right]^2 dt \leqslant \int_a^b {\left[ {f''\left( t \right)} \right]} } ^2 dt\,{\text{for}}\,{\text{all}}\,f\,{\text{with}}\,f = s\,{\text{on}}\,{\text{t}}{\text{.}}$$ .
The Fade-Out of Shirley, a Once-Ultimate Norm: Colour Balance, Image Technologies, and Cognitive Equity

Until recently, due to a light-skin bias embedded in colour film stock emulsions and digital camera design, the rendering of non-Caucasian skin tones was highly deficient and required the development of compensatory practices and technology improvements to redress its shortcomings. Using the emblematic “Shirley” norm reference card as a central metaphor reflecting the changing state of race relations/aesthetics, this essay analytically traces several colour adjustment processes in the visual representation industries and identifies some prototypical changes in the field. It is to be read as a historical background to the development of and rationale for the creation and insertion of flesh-tone, colour-balance computer chips within imaging technologies. It introduces the original concept of “cognitive equity”, which is proposed as an intelligent strategy for creating and promoting equity by inscribing a wider dynamic range of skin tones into all image technologies, products, and emergent practices in the visual industries.
A detail+context approach to visualize function calls

We present our work using a hyperbolic tree structure to animate program function calls and use it as an alternative method to demonstrating concepts such as recursion. Our main goal is to develop a visualization tool to help both lower level and upper level computer science students understand the trace of a function call. A detailed visualization of a function call, including the assignment of variables, allocation of memory, execution of control statements, etc. can help lower level students understand the underlying data structures and algorithms. At the same time, a global view of the hierarchical call chain can provide greater insight for upper level students. We propose the utilization of the hyperbolic tree as a tool for visualizing larger and more complex Java programs.
Between Two Worlds: An Immigrant Story

This essay is a personal narrative of events depicting the challenges of migration when one is wedged between two distinct societies, living as an immigrant in the United States and still bound by ...
Do states have the right to exclude immigrants? by Christopher Bertram, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2018, 140 pp., $35.00 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-509-52195-1, $9.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-509-52196-8

The reasons for modern migration lie within globalization and global inequality. Needless to say, contemporary migration is a source of deep concerns for primarily wealthy states of the North Atlan...
Enhancing Web-based Analytics Applications through Provenance

Visual analytics systems continue to integrate new technologies and leverage modern environments for exploration and collaboration, making tools and techniques available to a wide audience through web browsers. Many of these systems have been developed with rich interactions, offering users the opportunity to examine details and explore hypotheses that have not been directly encoded by a designer. Understanding is enhanced when users can replay and revisit the steps in the sensemaking process, and in collaborative settings, it is especially important to be able to review not only the current state but also what decisions were made along the way. Unfortunately, many web-based systems lack the ability to capture such reasoning, and the path to a result is transient, forgotten when a user moves to a new view. This paper explores the requirements to augment existing client-side web applications with support for capturing, reviewing, sharing, and reusing steps in the reasoning process. Furthermore, it considers situations where decisions are made with streaming data, and the insights gained from revisiting those choices when more data is available. It presents a proof of concept, the Shareable Interactive Manipulation Provenance framework (SIMProv.js), that addresses these requirements in a modern, client-side JavaScript library, and describes how it can be integrated with existing frameworks.
Control Systems for Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics: A Introduction to the Special Issue

Daily activities can become more challenging for people as they age or if they have a medical condition that inhibits their manipulation or mobility capabilities. Such individuals often engage in rehabilitation to improve or restore their abilities. Yet their diminished strength, endurance, or ability can limit the intensity and number of repetitions (the rehabilitation dosage) needed to achieve the desired training effects. As a result, therapeutic adjuvants, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) and/or rehabilitation robotics, are often used by therapists to facilitate musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory fitness as well as other neurological, physiological, and psychological measures.
In Search of China’s First Library: Materials, Housing, and Arrangement

Abstract Historically, the origin of libraries has an intimate association with written records supporting administrative or ritual functions at the palace or temple. This article seeks to discuss ...
Arson and Arson-Associated Homicides

In this chapter, the ways in which conditions may influence the ways police attempt to solve complex arson and arson-associated homicides (AAHs) are examined. This analysis uses data from the Foul Play Project (FPP) to evaluate the ways in which factors such as media coverage of AAHs and copycat crimes can alter the likelihood that the police, fire department personnel, and others view these incidents as AAHs. This chapter also analyzes the prevalence of arson and AAHs, perpetrators’ demographic and psychosocial characteristics and motivations, and the relationship between offenders and victims. In addition, the traumatic impact of these AAHs is assessed. The FPP uses a random sample of 5,366 cases involving possible foul play that were reported in the media.
A Practical Approach to Establishing a Practice-Based Research Network Stakeholder Engagement Infrastructure.

Introduction: While there have been several articles detailing the importance of stakeholder engagement in research broadly and in practice-based research networks (PBRNs) specifically, few of these articles offer a replicable engagement approach that is detailed enough to translate to another setting. The goal of this article is to offer a detailed example of building stakeholder engagement infrastructure that could be replicated or translated to other settings. Approach: We offer a review of 1 regional PBRN′s approach to building a stakeholder engagement infrastructure over a 2-year period by describing engagement activities deployed across a large, regional PBRN including a needs assessment around research and training conducted in each state of the network and a centralized conference where themes from that needs assessment were leveraged to produce a stakeholder-defined research agenda and elect a steering committee. Results: Products from this process include the stakeholder-defined research agenda as well as a multi-level organizational framework for assessing facilitators and barriers in a large PBRN and an example of a framework of individualized stakeholder group preferences for engagement modalities. Conclusions: This article presents a detailed timeline and replicable approach to building a stakeholder engagement infrastructure in a regional PBRN. This article details a practical process that is embedded in the lived values of practice-based research.
Imaging features of Paget's disease on 11 C choline PET/CT.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appearance of Paget's disease (PD) on 11C choline PET/CT and correlate these findings to serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and skeletal scintigraphy. With IRB approval, our institutional 11C choline PET/CT database (9/2005-6/2015) was searched for patients with PD. Site of osseous involvement, CT appearance, and multiple semi-quantitative measures were measured and correlated with ALP and degree of uptake on bone scan. Our search identified 10 males (mean age 79.6 ± 7.8 years). Four had polyostotic disease and seven had more than one 11C choline PET/CT. In total, 58 affected bones were evaluated on 25 PET/CTs. Mean lesion SUVmax was 2.6 ± 0.89 (range 1.0-4.4), SUVmax/Liver SUVmean 0.33 ± 0.13 (0.12-0.61), SUVmax/Liver SUVmax 0.29 ± 0.11 (0.10-0.52), SUVmax/BP SUVmean 2.47 ± 0.86 (0.91-4.22), and SUVmax/BP SUVmax 1.92 ± 0.71 (0.68-3.45). There was no correlation between ALP and any semiquantitative measure. Bone scan uptake was marked in 41 bones, moderate in nine, and mild in six. There was no correlation between lesion SUVmax and bone scan uptake (P = 0.26). Paget's disease on 11C choline PET/CT demonstrates mild to moderate activity, which does not correlate with bone scan uptake or ALP level. It is important to recognize Paget's disease as a potential pitfall on 11C choline PET/CT. However, the characteristic appearance on the CT portion of PET/CT examinations should allow confident diagnosis and differentiation from prostate cancer osseous metastases.
“The Way You Enter a Church”: The Dialectics of Ken Burns’s Baseball:

Taken as a whole, Ken Burns’s 1994 documentary Baseball and its 2010 follow-up The Tenth Inning stand as some of the most influential documentaries on the history of American sports. Baseball devel...
Safe Screening Rules for $\ell_0$-Regression.

We give safe screening rules to eliminate variables from regression with $\ell_0$ regularization or cardinality constraint. These rules are based on guarantees that a feature may or may not be selected in an optimal solution. The screening rules can be computed from a convex relaxation solution in linear time, without solving the $\ell_0$ optimization problem. Thus, they can be used in a preprocessing step to safely remove variables from consideration apriori. Numerical experiments on real and synthetic data indicate that, on average, 76\% of the variables can be fixed to their optimal values, hence, reducing the computational burden for optimization substantially. Therefore, the proposed fast and effective screening rules extend the scope of algorithms for $\ell_0$-regression to larger data sets.
A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes.
Landmark-Based Shape Analysis on Middle Cerebral Intracranial Aneurysms: A Geometric Morphometrics Approach to Infer Natural History.

BACKGROUND Due to the scarcity of longitudinal data, the morphologic development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) during their natural history remains poorly understood. However, longitudinal information can often be inferred from cross-sectional datasets as demonstrated by anatomists' use of geometric morphometrics to build evolutionary trees, reconstructing species inter-relationships based on morphologic landmarks. OBJECTIVE We adopted these tools to analyze cross-sectional image data and infer relationships between IA morphologies. METHODS On 3D reconstructions of 52 middle cerebral arteries (MCA) IAs (9 ruptured) and 10 IAfree MCAs (baseline geometries), 7 semi-automated landmarks were placed at the proximal parent artery and maximum height. From these, 64 additional landmarks were computationally generated to create a 71-landmark point cloud of 213 xyz coordinates. This data was normalized by Procrustes transformation and used in the principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS Principal component analysis showed separation of IA-free MCA geometries and grouping of ruptured IAs from unruptured IAs. Hierarchical clustering delineated a cluster of only unruptured IAs that were significantly smaller and more spherical than clusters that had ruptured IAs. Phylogenetic classification placed ruptured IAs more distally in the tree than unruptured IAs, indicating greater shape derivation. Groups of unruptured IAs were observed, but ruptured IAs were invariably found in mixed lineages with unruptured IAs, suggesting that some pathways of shape change may be benign while others are more associated with rupture. CONCLUSION Geometric morphometric analyses of larger datasets may indicate particular pathways of shape change leading toward aneurysm rupture versus stabilization.
Motivation Matters: Guidelines 10.13 and Other Mechanisms for Preventing Lawyers from Surrendering to Self-Interest in Responding to Allegations of Ineffective Assistance in Death Penalty Cases

After Wesley Ira Purkey was sentenced to death, he followed the familiar path of filing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel against his trial lawyer. 1 Initially, the lawyer seemed willing to protect Purkey’s interests, even after this claim against him, stating that he would not provide any information to the prosecution without a court order to do so. 2 In turn, the post-conviction court ordered the lawyer to file an affidavit addressing Purkey’s claims. 3 It is what happened next that is remarkable. Instead of filing a limited affidavit, narrowly tailored to the allegations in the petition for habeas corpus, the lawyer filed an extensive, 117-page affidavit that, according to Purkey, far exceeded the
Ocular lymphoproliferative disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ocular lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogenous group of pathologic disorders with significant impact on quality of life and, at times, may be life-threatening. Due to the rarity of these disorders, information regarding proper diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is limited. This review summarizes the key features of the unique diseases within this group of lymphoproliferative disorders, with a focus on disease presentation, diagnostic considerations, and treatment and prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS High-quality data from recent studies have provided answers regarding clinical outcomes for subsets of ocular lymphoproliferative disorders and are included herein. New diagnostic techniques are also discussed as well as current treatment strategies. SUMMARY Ocular lymphoproliferative disorders are a rare group of diseases. Key features of each disease is presented in this review in a concise and readable format, as well as updated information regarding diagnostic considerations and treatment options.
Interactive effects of large herbivores and climate on California oak seedling outcomes

Abstract The perpetuation of tree populations is dependent on successful seedling establishment, which is in turn controlled by biotic and climatic factors. California’s endemic oak species face limited recruitment and shrinking ranges due to anthropogenic climate change and land use, both of which can negatively impact germination and seedling survival. In this study, we investigated Quercus seed germination and seedling establishment under three large herbivore regimes (no large herbivores, wild herbivores, and both wild herbivores and cattle) across three sites representing present, near-future, and far-future projections for climate in California’s montane oak woodlands. Seed germination and living seedling abundance were highest in the intermediate and mesic climate levels, where total exclosures resulted in the best outcomes for seedlings. In contrast, in the arid level, the best large herbivore regime for establishment consisted of wild herbivores and no cattle. Seedling mortality was highest in the most arid climate level, and within that level, mortality was reduced by over 25% in both the wildlife and wildlife plus cattle treatments compared to the total exclosures. Our results suggest that increasing aridity will limit oak establishment and modulate the impact of large herbivores on oak seedlings, with wild large herbivores becoming a beneficial factor for seedling abundance, and both wild herbivores and cattle reducing mortality. Dynamic and contextually informed management of large herbivore populations and other restoration actions will be necessary to ensure the sustainability of California’s oak populations.
Nutrient Content of Micro/Baby-Green and Field-Grown Mature Foliage of Tropical Spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Micro/baby-greens are gaining popularity in human diets as functional foods that deliver superior nutritional values and health benefits to consumers. This study conducted multiple times between 2017 and 2019 under greenhouse conditions and in the field at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, showed that micro/baby-greens from tropical spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are rich in digestible carbohydrates, digestible protein, and dietary fiber. On dry weight basis, both vegetables have high relative percentages of P, K, and Mg; and relatively high ppm Fe, Mn, and Zn. Foliage tissues of both species are relatively low in total fat, Ca, and Cu. Between 10 and 20 days after sowing (DAS), percent digestible carbohydrates in fresh foliar tissue increased 100% in tropical spinach and 50% in roselle, while digestible protein dropped 21% in tropical spinach and 50% in roselle. Compared to field grown mature foliage, greenhouse-grown micro/baby-greens were lower in digestible carbohydrates and Ca but higher in digestible protein, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn.
Ultrasonic Imaging of the Abdominal Aorta with Real — Time Multielement Systems

Assessment of the abdominal aorta utilizing conventional B-mode ultrasound with static format display provides, in nearly all cases, delineation of aneurysmal pathology. The advent of ultrasonic real-time imaging details aortic dimensions, spatial relationship, displacement, intravascular echoes, and additionally demonstrates the aorta throughout the cardiac cycle. The significant advantage to real-time imaging is the ability to monitor the aorta continuously through the diastolic and systolic intervals.
Some Issues in the Comparison of Diagnostic Tests from a Paired Experiment

Data from a study to compare two diagnostic approaches for differentiating melanoma from atypical melanocytic nevi are analyzed. The study involved the paired-sample design, commonly used in diagnostic test evaluations, and involved the comparison of two diagnostic scoring systems. The scoring systems are based on clinical evaluation of the lesion, and dermoscopic evaluation. The study motivated the development of a new distribution-free procedure for comparing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated by the two test scores. The new method permits an evaluation of the hypothesis that the two curves are identical for all operating points, unlike conventional methods that compare the areas under the curves. The method has been shown by simulation to have very similar operating characteristics to the conventional method based on comparisons of the areas under the ROC curves when the curves are parallel, but markedly superior power when the curves cross, that is when the curves are different but have similar areas. Analysis of the melanoma data using this test, and generalized versions of the test, demonstrates that use of the dermoscope adds little if any diagnostic information in the classification of a suspicious nevus.
Chapter 4 Biogeochemistry of Iron

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biogeochemistry of iron. Iron serves as a vital component of the chemical architecture of the biosphere. Although carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen dominate the biosphere, iron is present at about 7.7 g m –2 of land mass, but, in biomass, iron ranks only behind the trace elements calcium, potassium, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, aluminium, phosphorus, and chlorine. Iron is frequently associated with organic material in nature and is perhaps the most versatile of the biocatalytic elements. The concentrations of iron in microorganisms, plants, and animals, on a dry weight basis, are low, which agrees with the established physiological functions of this element, that is, biocatalyst, structural element, and activator. Iron occurs in two oxidation states, the divalent (Fe 2+ ) ion or trivalent (Fe 3+ ) ion, and sedimentary rocks contain iron in these various forms with ferric oxides being the most common. When iron is weathered out of the rocks, it is not retained in solution but, depending upon conditions, it is redeposited as oxides or hydroxides. The organisms belonging to the iron bacteria group include: (1) bacteria that are able to grow at the expense of energy from the oxidation of reduced iron; (2) bacteria producing distinct precipitates of iron generally associated with the cells; and (3) bacteria causing reductions of ferric ions.
High-K multi-quasiparticle states and rotational bands in 103 255 Lr

Two isomeric states have been identified in $^{255}\mathrm{Lr}$. The decay of the isomers populates rotational structures. Comparison with macroscopic-microscopic calculations suggests that the lowest observed sequence is built upon the $[624]9/{2}^{+}$ Nilsson state. However, microscopic cranked relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (CRHB) calculations do not reproduce the moment of inertia within typical accuracy. This is a clear challenge to theories describing the heaviest elements.
The Enduring Black Church and its Critics: A Book Review of Omar McRoberts's Streets of Glory

This review examines several theses and methodologies regarding Black Church activism and contribution to community economic development in an economically depressed inner city neighborhood as presented in Omar McRoberts 's Streets of Glory ( University of Chicago Press, 2003). Itfinds the questions of interest, but empirical support for many of the author's theses lacking when consideredfrom a cross-comparative national perspective. The historic role and presence of the Black Church among Blacks in the United States is unquestionably part of the most enduring legacy of the arrival of Africans in the North American Colonies and later the United States. Its history began during the pre-Colonial period of Blacks' indentured servitude and in freeborn Black communities, into the slavery period, and onward into Reconstruction, Jim Crow, the Civil Rights era, and now the post-Civil Rights era at the dawn of the twenty-
Cre‐mediated site‐specific gene integration for consistent transgene expression in rice

To minimize expression variability amongst transgenic lines, we have utilized the strategy of Cre/lox-mediated site-specific gene integration. This method allows the precise integration of a transgene in a lox site previously placed in the genome. Using the biolistic method for DNA delivery, we have generated several site-specific integrant lines, derived from three different target lines. About 80% of the selected lines contain precise integration of the gusA reporter gene and fall into two categories: single-copy (SC) lines that contain site-specific integration without additional random integrations, and multicopy (MC) lines that contain random integrations in addition to the site-specific integration. The expression of the gusA gene was studied in callus cells and regenerated plants. The isogenic SC lines displayed significantly lower expression variation, whereas much higher expression variation was observed in MC lines. Furthermore, stable inheritance of the gusA gene was observed in T1 plants derived from a subset of SC lines. This demonstrates that consistent gene expression can be obtained in rice by Cre-mediated site-specific integration.
Multisystemic Treatment of Juvenile Sexual Offenders: A Progress Report

Abstract Multisystemic therapy (MST)is an ecologically-based treatment model that has proven effective with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and that holds promise with juvenile sexual offenders. This article describes the empirical underpinnings, theoretical foundation, and clinical features of MST and provides a brief review of MST outcome studies with juvenile sexual offenders. The theoretical foundation and clinical features of MST draw upon empirical findings regarding the multidetermined nature of serious antisocial behavior as well as upon social-ecological models of behavior in which the youth and family's school, work, peers, and neighborhood are viewed as interconnected systems with dynamic and reciprocal influences on the behavior of family members. In two randomized trials with juvenile sexual offenders, MST has had positive effects on key social-ecological factors (e.g., family affective relations, peer relations, school performance) associated with sexual offending and has demonstrated...
Isolation of plasmid DNA sequences that complement Rhodobacter sphaeroides mutants deficient in the capacity for CO2-dependent growth.

Mutants deficient in the proper regulation and derepression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC/O) in Rhodobacter sphaeroides were isolated by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and Tn5 mutagenesis of a recA parental strain. Mutants were identified by their ability to grow under conditions where the organism requires basal levels of RuBPC/O for growth yet fail to grow under conditions which require derepression of the enzyme (Aut-). The newly isolated Aut- mutants exhibited phenotypes distinguishable from the previously isolated Aut- mutant, strain KW25/11. Rocket immunoelectrophoretic examination of RuBPC/O levels revealed marked variance in the ability of mutants to derepress form I and form II RuBPC/O in the absence of exogenous carbon. Evidence that some of the mutants possessed different mutations was substantiated by complementation of the EMS-generated mutants by entirely different genes isolated from a genomic library of R. sphaeroides constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pVK102. Southern hybridization analysis of the complementing library isolates showed the complementing genes to be normally carried on the endogenous plasmids of R. sphaeroides. The gene complementing mutant strain KW25/11 was mapped by Tn5 insertional inactivation and the complementing region found to reside on a 1·5 kb PstI-BamHI fragment. Complemented strains were unable to match wild-type levels of RuBPC/O under conditions requiring derepression of the enzyme, except for mutant strain EMS45. The Aut- phenotype, represented by the mutants isolated in this study, stems from a deficiency in some aspect of photoautotrophic growth.
Determination of the frequency-dependent complex permeability of Alloy 42

A two-step technique is applied to an Alloy 42 lead frame to measure the resistance and inductance of the section of leads external to the package body that are parallel. The parallel leads form a transmission line that is analyzed with a 2D electromagnetic simulator to obtain the frequency-dependent complex permeability of the lead frame material. An approximate formula for the lead resistance and inductance is developed that shows good accuracy and is useful for convergence acceleration in solving the reverse problem and for approximate lead frame analysis. >
Getting the “Most Bang for Your Buck”

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to compare instructional effectiveness and efficiency among the use of phonic analysis, incremental rehearsal, and traditional drill and practice word reading techniques during repeated reading lessons. Sixty primary grade children who had difficulty acquiring basic oral reading fluency skills were randomly selected to participate in one of the three word reading techniques + repeated reading conditions. Cumulative oral reading fluency and cumulative words learned from initial to repeated reading of passages as a function of type of word reading technique served as measures of instructional effectiveness. Instructional efficiency was measured by cumulative oral reading fluency and cumulative words learned per total instructional time (rate-based measure). Results showed that there were no significant differences between children in the phonic analysis + repeated reading group and children in the two whole word + repeated reading groups. However, there were di...
Inside and Outside the Undergraduate Music Education Curriculum: Student Teacher Perceptions of the Value of Skills, Abilities, and Understandings

This study examined the perceived requisite skills and understandings needed for a successful student teaching experience. Six instrumental music student teachers served as participants. Findings i...
Proteins isolated from the venom of the common tiger snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) promote hypotension and hemorrhage

Notechis scutatus scutatus venom contains several toxic acidic proteins called HTa-i which promote hypotension and hemorrhage in mice. They have apparent mol. wts in the 18,000-21,000 range, i.v. LD50 values between 0.5 and 1.5 micrograms/g, and no detectable phospholipase, arginine esterase, proteolytic or hemolytic activities. A polyclonal antibody raised against HTg binds to other purified proteins, suggesting that they are isoforms of the same protein. Many other elapid crude venoms contain proteins which recognize the polyclonal antibody raised against HTg. Crotalid and viperid crude venoms do not recognize this antibody, although some of their component proteins are known to exhibit hypotensive and hemorrhagic activities. A combination of gel-filtration on Sephacryl S-200, cation-exchange and anion-exchange chromatography allows isolation of the N. s. scutatus proteins in high purity. They are the first hypotension-inducing proteins to be purified from an Australian elapid.
Addiction, Physical Dependence, and Tolerance

Pain is among the most common complaints for which people seek medical care; yet pain is also among the most undertreated patient complaints. Reasons for this include reluctance by clinicians to prescribe and support the use of opioids, often due to a fear of addiction. To address this issue, three major health professional organizations that deal with the treatment of pain and addiction, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the American Pain Society, and the American Society of Addiction Medicine, formed the Liaison Committee on Pain and Addiction (LCPA). The first mission of the LCPA was to formulate precise definitions of the terms addiction, physical dependence, and tolerance. This report explains these definitions and discusses how they apply to clinical practice.
A Sequence-Tagged Site Map of Human Chromosome 11

We report the construction of 370 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) that are detectable by PCR amplification under sets of standardized conditions and that have been regionally mapped to human chromosome 11. DNA sequences were determined by sequencing directly from cosmid templates using primers complementary to T3 and T7 promoters present in the cloning vector. Oligonucleotide PCR primers were predicted by computer and tested using a battery of genomic DNAs. Cosmids were regionally localized on chromosome 11 by using fluorescence in situ hybridization or by analyzing a somatic cell hybrid panel. Additional STSs corresponding to known genes and markers on chromosome 11 were also produced under the same series of standardized conditions. The resulting STSs provide uniform coverage of chromosome 11 with an average spacing of 340 kb. The DNA sequence determined for use in STS production corresponds to about 0.1% (116 kb) of chromosome 11 and has been analyzed for the presence of repetitive sequences, similarities to known genes and motifs, and possible exons. Computer analysis of this sequence has identified and therefore mapped at least eight new genes on chromosome 11.