cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intersectionality of Ethnicity/Race and Gender in the Phenomenology of African American College Students’ Presenting Problems: a Profile Analysis Using Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling

Multidimensional scaling analyses (MDS) was used to uncover the phenomenology or implicit cognitions underlying presenting problems for which African American male and female students reported seeking college counseling services, in comparison to their European American counterparts. Normative, idiographic, and idiothetic approaches to the measurement of explicit versus implicit dimensions of students’ reports of eight psychological issues (seven disorders and medication use) for which they sought counseling in two timeframes (historical and current) were conducted by ethnicity/race and gender. It was hypothesized that idiographic and idiothetic approaches, which involved profile analyses using nonmetric MDS, would be more likely to reveal intersectionality between ethnicity/race and gender than the normative approach. Results supported the hypothesis of the greater sensitivity of the two individual difference models. Nonmetric MDS analyses revealed significant differences across profiles, with African American males underutilizing mental health services but displaying significant psychological distress; and African American females receiving significantly more pharmacotherapy for depression. Implications for college mental health services for African Americans are discussed.
The Coincidence of Depression and High Ability in Delinquent Youth

We describe the incidence and coincidence of depression and high ability in a sample of Virginia's incarcerated delinquent youth population. Specifically, 207 incarcerated juveniles were assessed with the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The data indicated there were as many high ability juveniles in detention settings as would be expected in a regular population. Results from the CDI identified 37% as at risk for clinical depression. Cross-tabulation of the data indicated a significant relationship between high ability and depression in the delinquent population. In addition, the findings indicated that the presence of depression is related to the ability level of the juvenile. That high ability delinquents may be more vulnerable to depression argues that the coincidence of these conditions requires consideration. Based upon these findings, and given the high correlation suicide has with depression, we suggest that screening for depression should be mandatory for incarcerated delinquents.
U.S. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cell and Module Trade Overview

This paper examines trends in U.S. cell and module trade over the period from 2006 to 2010 The results of this analysis indicate that recent growth in the U.S. and global solar photovoltaic (PV) markets, expanding U.S. PV production capacity, and growing PV production in China, Mexico, and other countries contributed to a $3.2 billion increase in total U.S. PV cell and module trade from 2006–10 U.S. imports are rising due to increasing crystalline silicon module production in low-cost production locations and a growing U.S. market, while exports are rising due to increasing U.S. production capacity and expanding markets in Canada and Europe.
Challenging the Rhetorical Conception of Health Literacy: Aging, Interdependence, and Networked Caregiving

Abstract: Caregiving is a critical and yet understudied area related to aging, health, and wellness. Despite the importance of caregiving in the lives of older adults, assumptions about aging “actively” or “successfully” suggest that aging is independent, not interdependent. The healthcare industry reiterates these gerontological assumptions about aging when invoking notions of skills-based health literacy. This essay is an analysis of and response to the rhetorics of literacy as used in health care. Using John Duffy’s theoretical framework for literacy development as well as scholarship in age studies and community-literacy studies, I argue that literacy has become a rhetorical construct that promotes a view of older adults as particularly draining on the healthcare system. A more productive approach would be to frame the collaborative, distributed, and mediated work of giving and receiving care in the context of Paul Prior’s concept of literate activity. Finally, with a community-literacy approach that incorporates engagement and dialogue rather than individualistic skill development, I respond to this rhetorical construct of health literacy by considering how aging, interdependence, and networked caregiving expand the notion of what contributes to healthy living and well-being as we age. Using examples from a community care coordination project, this essay shows how compositionists might work together with patients, caregivers, and professionals to reframe health literacy rhetorics and act for change.
On the ubiquity and importance of antagonism

Abstract Antagonism, defined here as the low pole of trait Agreeableness, references traits related to immorality, combativeness, grandiosity, callousness, and distrustfulness. It is a robust correlate of externalizing behaviors such as antisocial behavior, aggression, and substance use; in many cases, it is by far the strongest correlate of these behaviors among the traits that make up the five-factor model of personality. It similarly represents the core of many psychopathological constructs that are of great interest to the public and researchers alike (e.g., psychopathy, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders) due to their relations with externalizing behaviors. As Neuroticism is core to understanding the intense distress and suffering that comes with internalizing disorders, Antagonism is core to understanding the impairment and suffering (to the individual and society at large) that comes with externalizing disorders.
Toward a New Strategy for Pediatric Heart Allocation: High Risk Organs for Less Ill Patients?

Purpose Using current allocation schemes, high-risk pediatric donor hearts are under-utilized. This study examined how recipient illness severity may influence acceptance of risk-stratified donor organs and the impact of this paradigm on graft survival/mortality. Methods The UNOS database was queried for pediatric ( 60 and bilirubin Results Severely ill patients were more likely to receive medium or high risk organs (67.2%) than moderately (56.2%) or mildly ill (51.6%) patients (both p Conclusion Illness severity of pediatric heart recipients influences the impact that donor organ risk has on graft failure/mortality. While very ill patients had worse outcomes after transplant with higher risk organs, post-transplant outcomes were comparable among less ill patients, regardless of donor risk. This suggests that higher risk organs may be preferentially allocated to less ill patients, without compromising outcomes, thereby reducing donor waste and overall waitlist mortality.
Radiology Case 6

Epidural hematoma (EDH) is usually caused by shear injury to an artery from a skull fracture. The most commonly injured vessel is the middle meningeal artery. Less than 10% of EDH are venous, most commonly from the middle meningeal vein, diploic vein, or venous sinus. The most common cause is trauma. Occasionally, EDH can be spontaneous from coagulopathy, thrombolysis, vascular malformation, neoplasm, epidural anesthesia, and Paget’s disease of the skull. They are rarely bilateral (Weissleder, Primer of diagnostic imaging. Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2011).
Developing without developers: choosing labor-saving tools for language documentation apps

Application software has the potential to greatly reduce the amount of human labor needed in common language documentation tasks. But despite great advances in the maturity of tools available for apps, language documentation apps have not attained their full potential, and language documentation projects are forgoing apps in favor of less specialized tools like paper and spreadsheets. We argue that this is due to the scarcity of software development labor in language documentation, and that a careful choice of software development tools could make up for this labor shortage by increasing developer productivity. We demonstrate the benefits of strategic tool choice by reimplementing a subset of the popular linguistic annotation app ELAN using tools carefully selected for their potential to minimize developer labor.
Intimate Violence for Political Dominance

Why do ordinary people resort to violence during ethnic conflict? Jeffrey S. Kopstein and Jason Wittenberg argue that such violence, when opportunity presents itself, is not inevitable but situatio...
Optimal Sizing of PV and Energy Storage in an Electric Vehicle Extreme Fast Charging Station

This paper proposes an optimization model for the optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage in an electric vehicle extreme fast charging station considering the coordinated charging strategy of the electric vehicles. The proposed model minimizes the annualized cost of the extreme fast charging station, including investment and maintenance cost of PV and energy storage, cost of purchasing energy from utility and demand charge. The decision variables are capacity of invested PV and the power and energy ratings of invested energy storage. To further reduce the annualized cost of the extreme fast charging station, the charging strategy of electric vehicles are integrated into the optimization model and coordinated with the power output of PV and charging/discharging of energy storage. Results of numerical simulations indicate that investment of PV and energy storage could help reduce the annualized cost of the extreme fast charging station significantly. Meanwhile, the impacts of various parameters on the optimal solution are investigated by sensitivity analysis.
Promoting Strength Training Among Baby Boomers: Message Framing Effects on Motivation and Behavior

Regular participation in strength training significantly enhances older adults’ physical and functional health, yet only 14% of adults over age 50 report engaging in strength training at least twice per week. Exercise messages about why and how older adults should engage in strength training could influence their perceptions of and participation in the behavior. This study was designed to promote strength training among adults aged 50–70 and to determine whether the message frame accompanying a brief workout would have an impact on participants’ motivation, self-efficacy, and/or physical activity behavior. Participants (N = 308) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions: Easy Intrinsic, Hard Intrinsic, Easy Extrinsic, or Hard Extrinsic. Immediately after completing baseline measures of motivation and physical activity, participants received the recommended strength training workout and corresponding motivational message. They completed follow-up measures of motivation and physical activity 2 weeks later. Controlled regulation was higher at follow-up among participants exposed to an extrinsic message relative to an intrinsic message (F(3,208) = 3.08, p = .03). Strength training (Z = − 5.95, p < .001) and moderate physical activity (Z = − 3.23, p = .001) increased among participants not engaging in regular strength training at baseline. These results suggest message framing may have a short-term impact on Baby Boomers’ physical activity motivation, such that emphasizing extrinsic goals (i.e., weight loss and appearance) may contribute to controlled motivation. However, repeated measurements are needed to determine the longer-term maintenance and influence of these effects.
Perceptions, Satisfaction, and Experience of Low-Socioeconomic, Rural Patients Who Participated in a Pilot Farm to Clinic (F2C) Program Utilizing Local, Donated Produce

Rural households suffer higher rates of food insecurity, poor diet quality, and related health disparities. This study examined the perceptions, satisfaction, and experience of rural, low-socioecon...
Design and Testing of a Cabotegravir Implant for HIV Prevention

Long-acting antiretroviral implants could help protect high-risk individuals from HIV infection. We describe the design and testing of a long-acting reservoir subcutaneous implant capable of releasing cabotegravir for several months. We compressed cabotegravir and excipients into cylindrical pellets and heat-sealed them in tubing composed of hydrophilic poly(ether-urethane) -. The implants have a 47 mm lumen length, 3.6 mm outer diameter, and 200 μm wall thickness. Four cabotegravir pellets were sealed in the membrane, with a total drug loading of 274 ± 3 mg. In vivo, the implants released 348 ± 107 μg/day (median value per implant, N = 41) of cabotegravir in rhesus macaques. Five implants generated an average cabotegravir plasma concentration of 373 ng/ml in rhesus macaques. The non-human primates tolerated the implant without gross pathology or microscopic signs of histopathology compared to placebo implants. Cabotegravir plasma levels in macaques dropped below detectable levels within two weeks after the removal of the implants.
The Administrative Presidency and Federal Service

Through the 20th and early 21st century, the United States has seen the growth of the administrative presidency. As political polarization has made it much more difficult for a presidential adminis...
Ambulatory EEG to Classify the Epilepsy Syndrome.

SUMMARY Recording of interictal epileptiform discharges to classify the epilepsy syndrome is one of the most common indications for ambulatory EEG. Ambulatory EEG has superior sampling compared with standard EEG recordings and advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and convenience compared with a prolonged inpatient EEG study. Ambulatory EEG allows for EEG recording in all sleep stages and transitional states, which can be very helpful in capturing interictal epileptiform discharges. In the absence of interictal epileptiform discharges or in patients with atypical events, the characterization of an epilepsy syndrome may require recording of the habitual events. Diagnostic ambulatory EEG can be a useful alternative to inpatient video-EEG monitoring in a selected number of patients with frequent events who do not require medication taper or seizure testing for surgical localization.
How Much Education and Training Do Residents Across Specialties Receive in Neuropsychology

Introduction. Neuropsychologists play an important role on multidisciplinary teams with physicians from multiple specialties. The extent of residency training on the use of neuropsychological services is unclear. We surveyed medical residents across multiple specialties throughout the United States to assess resident education, training, and understanding of neuropsychological services, along with their likelihood to consult neuropsychologists in the future. Methods. A survey was sent to residents in accredited psychiatry, neurology, family medicine, and internal medicine programs. After data were collected, chi-square group level analyses with post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the data. Results. 434 residents took the survey. The proportion of residents exposed to neuropsychology during residency varied significantly according to specialty χ2 (3, N=419) = 51.4, p < .001, with more psychiatry and neurology residents reporting exposure than residents in family medicine or internal medicine. Similarly, the proportion of psychiatry and neurology residents who ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ that they understand the nature of neuropsychological services differed significantly from family medicine and internal medicine residents χ2 (3, N=415) = 40.4, p < .001. The majority of residents across all specialties (85.7%) reported they are likely to consult/order neuropsychological services in future practice. Conclusions. The majority of residents in all specialties reported exposure to neuropsychological services in some manner, but forms of exposure varied. Results indicate a need for increased education and training in neuropsychological services, especially within family medicine and internal medicine programs. The majority of residents agreed that they would utilize neuropsychology services in future practice.
On Identification of Nonlinear ARX Models with Sparsity in Regressors and Basis Functions

Abstract We present techniques for minimal order, sparse identification of Nonlinear ARX models. We consider two notions of sparsity - in the number of regressors used and in the number of basis functions employed by their regressor-to-output maps. We propose two regularized formulations for the sparse estimation problem with the additional constraint on maximum lag. The estimation is performed using proximal gradient descent methods. A bootstrapping technique in regressor space is proposed for tuning the regularization hyperparameters. We then present an extension to the basic NARX structure that guarantees BIBO stability and thus helps improve the generalizability and long-term forecasting ability of the model. The extension exploits the atomic representation of linear systems, and the associated minimization technique, to identify model parameters under sparsity constraints.
Botanical Medicines and Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Botanical medicines may prevent or hamper colon carcinogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, such as induction of apoptosis or cell cycle regulation. As evidenced by primary and secondary preven...
Exceptional Points of Degeneracy in Gyrator-Based Coupled Resonator Circuit

We propose a high-sensitive circuit scheme based on an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) using two LC resonators coupled with a gyrator. EPD is a point in a system’s parameter space in which two or more eigenmodes coalesce in both their resonance frequency and eigenvectors into a single degenerate eigenmode by varying a parameter in the system. We present the conditions to obtain EPDs in this circuit and the typical bifurcation diagram that shows the extreme sensitivity of such a circuit operating at an EPD to system’s perturbations. The very high sensitivity induced by an EPD can be used to explore a new generation of high-sensitive sensors.
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Measurement Assays: A Novel Biomarker of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Function

Abstract Biomarkers of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function may provide better cardiovascular risk discrimination compared to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) mass measurements. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma reflects the first critical step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and is considered one of the key anti-atherosclerotic functions of HDL. Population-based studies in low and high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) cohorts have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of human plasma and death or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) independent of endogenous HDL-C concentration. Despite the importance of CEC as a biomarker of HDL function and a potential surrogate for clinical outcomes, its measurement has not been standardized to a single, reliable, and reproducible assay. The methodologies to measure CEC vary, often making comparisons between studies difficult. In this presentation, we review the pathways of cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, and describe the methodology of measuring CEC ex vivo and the findings linking CEC to human disease.
Precision Mapping of Amyloid-β Binding Reveals Perisynaptic Localization and Spatially Restricted Plasticity Deficits

Secreted amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide forms neurotoxic oligomeric assemblies thought to cause synaptic deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble Aβ oligomers (Aβo) directly bind to neurons with high affinity and block plasticity mechanisms related to learning and memory, trigger loss of excitatory synapses and eventually cause cell death. While Aβo toxicity has been intensely investigated, it remains unclear precisely where Aβo initially binds to the surface of neurons and whether sites of binding relate to synaptic deficits. Here, we used a combination of live cell, super-resolution and ultrastructural imaging techniques to investigate the kinetics, reversibility and nanoscale location of Aβo binding. Surprisingly, Aβo does not bind directly at the synaptic cleft as previously thought but, instead, forms distinct nanoscale clusters encircling the postsynaptic membrane with a significant fraction also binding presynaptic axon terminals. Synaptic plasticity deficits were observed at Aβo-bound synapses but not closely neighboring Aβo-free synapses. Thus, perisynaptic Aβo binding triggers spatially restricted signaling mechanisms to disrupt synaptic function. These data provide new insight into the earliest steps of Aβo pathology and lay the groundwork for future studies evaluating potential surface receptor(s) and local signaling mechanisms responsible for Aβo binding and synapse dysfunction.Significance StatementAmyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the principal neurotoxic agents responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defining where Aβ attaches to neurons is critical for understanding its toxicity and role in disease. Here, we used high resolution microscopy techniques to demonstrate Aβ rapidly forms stable nanoscale clusters immediately adjacent to a subset of excitatory synaptic connections. Synaptic plasticity was only impaired at Aβ-targeted synapses and not at neighboring Aβ-free synapses. Thus, perisynaptic Aβ binding rapidly triggers locally restricted signaling mechanisms underlying its synaptic toxicity.
Performance and selection criteria of critical components of STM and AFM

This paper describes the working principles of STM, and of AFM working in both repulsive and attractive force modes, and addresses the implementation and performance criteria of some of the critical components of these instruments. The emphasis is the design of instruments suitable for technological applications. The paper examines criteria for the tips, scanners, and general optical and mechanical configurations. An example is given for a solution that we adopted.
Mapping Alteration Caused by Hydrocarbon Microseepages in Patrick Draw area Southwest Wyoming Using Image Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Detection of underlying reservoir accumulations using remote sensing techniques had its inception with the identification of macroseeps. However, today we find ourselves relying on the detection of more subtle characteristics associated with petroleum reservoirs, such as microseeps. Microseepages are the result of vertical movement of light hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the surface through networks of fractures, faults, and bedding planes that provide permeable routes within the overlying rock. Microseepages express themselves at the surface in an array of alterations and anomalies, such as chemical or mineralogical changes in overlying soils and sediments. Using NASA's Hyperion hyperspectral imaging sensors, this project has developed spectral and geochemical ground truthing techniques to identify and map alterations caused by hydrocarbon microseepages and to determine their relationships to the underlying geology in the Patrick Draw area of Southwest Wyoming. Training the classification of satellite imagery with spectral inputs of samples collected over previously defined areas of hydrocarbon microseepage resulted in the successful identification of an anomalous zone. Geochemical characteristics of samples that defined this anomalous zone were then compared to the remaining non-anomalous samples using XRD, ICP, spectroscopy and carbon isotope techniques.
Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Radiopaque Contrast Reported by Patients Presenting for Interventional Pain Procedure

Introduction: Adverse reactions to radiopaque contrast media (RCM) are well documented with a wide range of incidences reported. The objective of this study was to determine how many patients in a sample of 200 who presents for interventional pain treatments report a history of adverse reactions to RCM. Methods: Data from 200 outpatients were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about prior exposure to RCM and any adverse events plus other general information about allergic reactions including known risk factors for allergic reactions. Demographic data and information about past medical history were obtained from each patient. Results: Of the 200 patients surveyed, 16 reported having had an allergic reaction to RCM. The events met criteria for immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Chemotoxic reactions cannot be ruled out. Of factors associated with risk of allergic reaction, none were clearly more prevalent in subjects reporting an allergic reaction vs. subjects who did not. Atopic patients generally considered susceptible to contrast allergy reported no hypersensitivity reaction. The number of medications and foods the subjects reported caused them to have allergic reactions was extensive. Conclusion: Patients with a history suggestive of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to RCM may report for interventional pain procedures normally performed with RCM. Patients who have experienced an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to RCM have increased risk for another reaction if injected again with contrast agent. Therefore, facilities should be prepared to implement measures to prevent recurrent reactions.
Time-constrained test selection for regression testing

The strategy of regression test selection is critical to a new version of software product. Although several strategies have been proposed, the issue, how to select test cases that not only can detect faults with high probability but also can be executed within a limited period of test time, remains open. This paper proposes to utilize data-mining approach to select test cases, and dynamic programming approach to find the optimal test case set from the selected test cases such that they can detect most faults and meet testing deadline. The models have been applied to a large financial management system with a history of 11 releases over 5 years.
Fanon, Violence and Rebellion in Italian Cinema

This essay deals initially with the influence of Frantz Fanon's ideas among filmmakers like Giuseppe Bennati, Valerio Zurlini (Italy) and Glauber Rocha (Brazil), and subsequently focuses in particular on the work of the Italian director Valentino Orsini (1927–2001), friend and collaborator of the Taviani brothers, both a filmmaker and a faculty member at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome, Italy. Orsini's work has not received the same attention as Gillo Pontecorvo's, but his films insistently engaged with issues like political violence, decolonization and partisan resistance. His commentaries, published in the most important Italian film journals, profoundly reflected on the role of artists and intellectuals in public life and national and international politics. The essay concentrates particularly on three films directed by Orsini: I dannati della terra (1969), inspired directly by Frantz Fanon, Corbari (1970) and Uomini e no (1981).
Feminist Constitutionalism: Global Perspectives edited by Baines, Beverly, Dephne Barak-Erez, and Tsvi Kahana

In the winter of 2009 a collection of feminist scholars, PhD candidates, and constitutional lawyers from around the world held a conference at Queens College in Ontario, Canada to share ideas about...
Design of an extended architecture for degraded modes of operation of IVHS

This paper presents a hierarchical control architecture for dealing with faults and adverse environmental conditions on an automated highway system (AHS). The authors' design builds on a previously developed control architecture for normal operating conditions. The faults considered in the extended architecture are classified by capabilities remaining on the vehicle or roadside after the fault has occurred. The set of available capabilities is used by supervisors in each of the layers of the hierarchy to select appropriate control strategies. The authors outline the control strategies needed by the supervisors and give examples of their detailed operation.
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of EBV epitope-specific CD8+ T cells.

High frequencies of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells have been detected during acute EBV infection, yet persistent infection inevitably results. To address this issue, we characterized the phenotype and function of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell populations from presentation with acute through latent infection. Considerable phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within, as well as between, two different epitope-specific populations was observed over time following acute infection. B7 EBV-encoded nuclear Ag (EBNA)-3A-specific CD8+ T cells expressed only CD45RO from acute through latent EBV infection. A2 BMLF-1-specific CD8+ T cells expressed CD45RO during acute infection and either CD45RA or CD45RO during latent EBV infection. This difference in CD45 isoform expression between the two epitope-specific populations did not translate into differences in perforin content, the ability to produce IFN-γ, or the ability to proliferate in response to Ag in vitro. In individuals with latent EBV infection, the frequencies of A2 BMLF-1- or B7 EBNA-3A-specific CD8+ T cells that expressed CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62 ligand, CCR7, and perforin were stable over time. However, the expression of CD62 ligand and CCR7 was significantly higher among EBNA-3A-specific CD8+ T cells than among BMLF-1-specific CD8+ T cells. Further work is necessary to understand how phenotypic and functional differences between EBV epitope-specific CD8+ T cells are related to the biology of the virus and to the equilibrium between the virus and the host during persistent infection.
Structural and dynamical comparison of alpha, beta and gamma forms of murine epidermal growth factor.

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) purified by the method of Savage and Cohen [1] allows resolution of four forms of the protein hormone: α, β, γ and δ. α-mEGF, the major form isolated by HPLC, is the parent mEGF originally sequenced by Savage and Cohen [1], and β-mEGF is des-asparaginyl1-α-mEGF. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate structural and dynamical differences among the α, β and γ forms of the peptide. Based on these data, γ-mEGF can be tentatively identified as des-Asn1, Ser2−mEGF. Comparative nuclear Overhauser experiments on amide and aromatic proton resonances suggest that there are significant conformational changes in the peptide structure on cleavage of the N-terminal residues. Backbone amide proton/deuteron exchange rates in γ-mEGF and β-mEGF are significantly faster than those in α-mEGF suggesting that structural dynamics are enhanced in the minor forms; this interpretation is supported by the decrease in Tyr(2,6)–(3,5) intraresidue NOE magnitudes on going from α to β to γ forms. These data suggest that the average conformations of β and γ-mEGF favor a more open or denatured state of the protein and that the N terminus is critical to the structural integrity of the parent protein.
Critical nutrient concentrations and DRIS analysis of leaf and grain from high-yielding corn

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to optimize fertilizer inputs for maximizing the yield of irrigated com (Zea mays L.). This report is a summary of the nutrient composition of leaf and grain samples from the highest yielding treatment in the experiment. The experiment had 15 treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The N rate treatments were 45,100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N/ha with and without 50 kg P/ha, 67 kg K/ha, and 22 kg S/ha. The plant populations were 74,000 plants/ha (30,000 plants/A) and 100,000 plants/ha. The highest corn yield was 15.6 Mg/ha (250 bu/A with 15.5% moisture) which was produced with 300 kg N/ha combined with complete N, P, K, and S fertilization. It is assumed that samples of corn leaf and grain from a plot yielding that high would have nutrient concentrations in the sufficiency range. Many of the nutrient concentrations from these arbitrarily designated sufficiency ranges are close to the critical ranges and concentrations reported in the li...
Edge gradient and safety factor effects on electrostatic turbulent transport in tokamaks

Electrostatic turbulence and transport has been measured in the tokamak edge as the safety factor (and, concomitantly, the energy-confinement time) and the edge equilibrium gradients are varied substantially. The turbulence is largely independent of safety factor, but strongly sensitive to the local-density gradient, which itself depends upon the limiter configuration.
The Semantics of the Italian Double Plural

L'A. examine la difference semantique entre les deux pluriels (masculin et feminin) d'un meme mot en italien. Les morphemes du pluriel sont capables de se combiner avec differents types de radicaux: -i se combine a des radicaux denontant des algebres, -a se combine a des radicaux denotant des sous-algebres. L'A. propose une analyse semantique qui le conduit a eliminer l'anomalie creee, en italien, par les noms singuliers ayant plus d'un pluriel
No, some types of nonconvulsive status epilepticus cause little permanent neurologic sequelae (or : « The cure may be worse than the disease »)

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is characterized by a cognitive or behavioral change which lasts for at least 30 minutes, with EEG evidence of seizures. Although there is little argument that generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (GNSE) does not cause lasting deficits, there is still debate regarding the morbidity of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). Because the EEG is used for diagnosis, a strong argument can be made that NCSE is significantly under-recognized and diagnosed. Furthermore, since the documented cases of permanent neurologic sequelae are few, the potential permanent morbidity from CPSE may be significantly exaggerated. The literature indicates that comatose patients have a poor prognosis largely as a result of comorbid conditions and coma, whereas lightly obtunded or slightly confused patients with NCSE have little or no sequelae. Patients with NCSE may suffer (hypotension and respiratory suppression) from iatrogenic 'aggressive' treatment with intravenous anti-epileptic drugs (IV-AEDs), and the findings in the literature indicate that subjects treated with benzodiazepines may have a worse prognosis. The clinician must balance the potential but rare neurologic morbidity associated with NCSE against the not infrequent morbidity caused by IV-AEDs. Better stratification of the level of consciousness and comorbid conditions is needed when evaluating outcomes so as to clearly distinguish among the deficits due to: comorbid conditions; the effects of treatment and the effects of status epilepticus (SE) proper.
Effects of Combustion on the Sound Pressure Generated by Circular Jet Flows

5Kim, J. W., and Lee, D. J., “Optimized Compact Finite Difference Schemes with Maximum Resolution,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 34, No. 5, 1996, pp. 887–893. 6Kim, J. W., and Lee, D. J., “Adaptive Nonlinear Arti cial Dissipation Model for Computational Aeroacoustics,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 5, 2001, pp. 810–818. 7Whitham, G. B., Linear and NonlinearWaves, Wiley, New York, 1974. 8Thomson,K.W., “TimeDependentBoundaryConditionsforHyperbolic Systems,” Journalof ComputationalPhysics, Vol. 68,No. 1, 1987,pp. 1–24.
Hurricane Intensity and Eyewall Replacement

Observations made during the historic 2005 hurricane season document a case of "eyewall replacement." Clouds outside the hurricane eyewall coalesce to form a new eyewall at a greater radius from the storm center, and the old eyewall dies. The winds in the new eyewall are initially weaker than those in the original eyewall, but as the new eyewall contracts, the storm reintensifies. Understanding this replacement mechanism is vital to forecasting variations in hurricane intensity. Processes in the "moat" region between the new and old eyewall have been particularly unclear. Aircraft data now show that the moat becomes dynamically similar to the eye and thus is converted into a region inimical to survival of the inner eyewall. We suggest that targeting aircraft to key parts of the storm to gain crucial input to high-resolution numerical models can lead to improvements in forecasting hurricane intensity.
The influence of interfacial interactions on the morphology and thermal properties of binary polymer blends

In order to understand the influence of interfacial modification in polyamide/ionomer/ polypropylene ternary blends, the binary blends were investigated. In this study two multiphase blends have been chosen, PP/ionomer and PA/ionomer, where the ionomer was a copolymer of polyethylene and of a mixture of methacrylic acid, zinc methacrylate and isobutylacrylate. The PP/ionomer blend is a classic example of an incompatible system which displays a high degree of interfacial voiding in SEM fracture surfaces, a strong negative deviation from additivity in the viscosity/composition relationship and an important coalescence effect on increasing dispersed phase concentration. This blend demonstrated increased nucleation and crystallization rate, compared to pure polypropylene. The second blend, PA/ionomer, demonstrates a very fine multiphase structure evident only after microtoming/etching of the sample, strong additive behaviour in the viscosity/composition curve. Formation of an amide bond was identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. This evidence supports the conclusion that much stronger interactions exist between the ionomer and the polyamide than between the ionomer and the polypropylene.
Low Dit HfO2/Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stack achieved with plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition

Display Omitted First demonstration of high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stack formed by PEALD.Optical and electrical characterization of Al2O3 and HfO2 materials formed by PEALD.Competitive Dit achieved with HF and with (NH4)2S surface preparations. We developed Al2O3 and HfO2 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) processes as part of the integration of a new high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stack. The Al2O3 featured a bandgap of 7.0eV and a k-value of 8.1, while the HfO2 presented a bandgap of 6.2eV and a k-value of 14.6. W/HfO2/Al2O3/n-In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) were fabricated and different In0.53Ga0.47As surface preparations HF or (NH4)2S] were tested. Both surface preparations revealed similar gate stack electrical performance. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics yielded very low frequency dispersion near accumulation (as low as 0.3% at Vg=1V). Low (<1012/cm2eV) density of interface traps (Dit) in the upper part of the In0.53Ga0.47As bandgap was also extracted from the high-low frequency C-V and conductance methods, confirming the suitability of PEALD for the integration of high-k dielectrics in n-channel In0.53Ga0.47As field effect transistors.
The Statistical Analysis of Stellar X-Ray Sources

By formulating a statistical model for x-ray radiation count data obtained by scanning a portion of the celestial sphere, precise questions can be formulated concerning the best methods for detection and location of stellar x-ray sources and the measurement of the background strength. The mathematical model assumes a Poisson process for which the intensity is a function of the background, strength of the source, and area of the receptor illuminated thereby. This area is determined by the angle between the un-known position of the source and the pointing direction of the instrument. The maximum likelihood equations are derived to estimate the unknown parameters. Iteration procedures are obtained to facilitate their solution and shown to converge for reasonable samples. This model is applied to some data collected from a balloon-born scan of a portion of the celestial sphere reported in The Astrophysical Journal, 158, 207–218, (1969), by Bingham and Clark. This data is analysed using these methods and the r...
Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility

Although recent studies of individual accessibility have used detailed representations of urban street networks, unrealistic measures of travel time based on assumptions about constant travel speeds through the network were often used. Utilizing constant travel times does not allow for daily congestion and assumes that the effects of congestion are uniform throughout the city and affect all people equally. This research measures individual space-time accessibility in order to show that the incorporation of locally specific travel times within a street network allows a significant increase in the ability to realistically evaluate individual accessibility within cities. The results show that the accessibility of individuals within cities is not homogenous, and neither does access to employment or shopping opportunities vary according to common expectations about urban form and human behavior. Instead, the role of distance in predicting accessibility variations within cities is quite limited. This article al...
Performance persistence in socially responsible mutual funds

This paper reports on an examination of the performance persistence of 238 socially responsible (SR) mutual funds using ten-year monthly and annual returns. The method used relative percentile ranks and annual returns and reward-to-variability ratios to examine persistence. No evidence of performance persistence was found. The results suggest that superior past performance of SR funds is no indicator of superior performance in future.
Quantum dynamical examination of surprisal theory for the three-dimensional hydrogen exchange reaction☆

Abstract Quantum dynamical rotational excitation probabilities have been computed as a function of the reaction coordinate for the three-dimensional hydrogen exchange reaction. The results are used to examine surprisal theory, with particular emphasis on the definition of the “prior distribution”.
Relationship Components and Nature of Postdivorce Parenting Responsibilities Among Individuals Going Through a Divorce

ABSTRACT The relationship components and nature of postdivorce parenting responsibilities were examined among individuals going through different levels of conflict as measured by level of court involvement during their divorce and 6 months later. A modification of the Binuclear Family Research Project Questionnaire was employed to examine communication, interaction, anger, guilt, positive feelings, and attitude toward former spouse as a parent for 110 parents of children under the age of 18 going through a divorce or dissolution. Participants were classified into 1 of 4 groups based on level of court involvement: dissolution, divorce with low conflict, divorce with moderate conflict, and divorce with high conflict. Results suggested that individuals going through dissolutions have better communication, more interaction, and a more positive attitude toward their former spouse than individuals going through high-conflict divorces. Suggestions are offered for addressing postdivorce conflict and future research.
Reliability Allocation in Probabilistic Design Optimization of Decomposed Systems Using Analytical Target Cascading

xed during the ATC process. In this work, we extend the probabilistic ATC formulation to include reliability targets in the cascaded quantities. We employ a series-system formulation to solve the RBDO problem associated with each element of the ATC hierarchy and to compute its reliability. Thus, we quantify the optimality-reliability tradeos for each element of the decomposed system, which allows us to determine the probabilistic constraint bounds required to satisfy the overall system reliability target. In this manner we cascade the latter to element reliability specications.
Tumor progression: chance and necessity in Darwinian and Lamarckian somatic (mutationless) evolution

Current investigation of cancer progression towards increasing malignancy focuses on the molecular pathways that produce the various cancerous traits of cells. Their acquisition is explained by the somatic mutation theory: tumor progression is the result of a neo-Darwinian evolution in the tissue. Herein cells are the units of selection. Random genetic mutations permanently affecting these pathways create malignant cell phenotypes that are selected for in the disturbed tissue. However, could it be that the capacity of the genome and its gene regulatory network to generate the vast diversity of cell types during development, i.e., to produce inheritable phenotypic changes without mutations, is harnessed by tumorigenesis to propel a directional change towards malignancy? Here we take an encompassing perspective, transcending the orthodoxy of molecular carcinogenesis and review mechanisms of somatic evolution beyond the Neo-Darwinian scheme. We discuss the central concept of "cancer attractors" - the hidden stable states of gene regulatory networks normally not occupied by cells. Noise-induced transitions into such attractors provide a source for randomness (chance) and regulatory constraints (necessity) in the acquisition of novel expression profiles that can be inherited across cell divisions, and hence, can be selected for. But attractors can also be reached in response to environmental signals - thus offering the possibility for inheriting acquired traits that can also be selected for. Therefore, we face the possibility of non-genetic (mutation-independent) equivalents to both Darwinian and Lamarckian evolution which may jointly explain the arrow of change pointing toward increasing malignancy.
The Psychological Pain of Perinatal Loss and Subsequent Parenting Risks: Could Induced Abortion be more Problematic than Other Forms of Loss

Abstract: This dual purpose of this review was to organize and synthesize what is known about women’s psychological and behavioral responses to perinatal loss and examine perinatal loss as a predictor of compromised parenting. The conditions surrounding distinct losses (miscarriage, relinquishment of a child for adoption, and abortion) are highly variable necessitating examination of the differential impact of the various forms of loss on women’s mental health and parenting. Preliminary assessment of relevant literature suggests the psychological experience and the cultural context of abortion may render this form of perinatal loss particularly damaging to the parenting process. INTRODUCTION The rapid physical transformations characterizing pregnancy have been a source of fascination for centuries and pregnancy as a significant biological event has been subject to extensive scientific analysis. However, it is only in the last couple decades that social scientists have recognized pregnancy as a powerful psychological experience. Currently there is appreciation for pregnancy as a complex inter- dependent process wherein physical changes combine with significant mental and emotional developments to foster emergence of the maternal identity and mother-child attachment. Motherhood is a normative human experience which provides an extraordinary opportunity for women to participate in a relationship unlike any other. Despite the enormous amount of energy, great responsibility, and the many large and small stressors that accompany parenting, motherhood offers a unique opportunity to love and to be loved, to learn and to guide, and to grow both individually and relationally. Numerous studies have documented positive psychological characteristics associated with motherhood including increases in life satisfaction, self-esteem, empathy, restraint, flexibility and resourcefulness in coping, and assertiveness [1-6]. In a nationally representative sample of 2000 mothers, Erickson and Aird [3] reported that 93% indicated the love they felt for their children was unlike any other and over 80% of the respondents viewed motherhood as the most important thing they had done in their lives. Research indicates that in no other relationships are so many dreams, hopes, needs, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, meanings, and expectations projected onto the other as in the parent-child relationship [7]. Mothers frequently begin this process of projection onto a fantasized child well before childbirth [7]. In addition to bestowing a multitude of mental