cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal syntheses, structural, Raman, and luminescence studies of Cm[M(CN)2]3· 3H2O and Pr[M(CN)2]3· 3H2O (M = Ag, Au) 2. Hetero-bimetallic coordination polymers consisting of trans-plutonium and transition metal elements

The polymeric compounds consisting of the man-made element, americium, and gold and silver dicyanides were prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions at 120 deg. C. It was found that the americium ion and the transition metal ions are interconnected through cyanide bridging in the compounds. Given the similarities in the radii of americium and neodymium, crystals of the latter were also characterized for comparison purposes. The four compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the hexagonal space group, P6{sub 3}/mcm, with only slight differences in their unit cell parameters. Crystallographic data (MoK{alpha}, {lambda}=0.71073 A): Am[Ag(CN){sub 2}]{sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O (1), a=6.7205(10) A, c=18.577(3) A, V=726.64(19), Z=2; Am[Au(CN){sub 2}]{sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O (2),a=6.666(2) A, c=18.342(3) A, V=705.9(4), Z=2; Nd[Ag(CN){sub 2}]{sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O (3), a=6.7042(4) A, c=18.6199(14) A, V=724.77(8), Z=2; and Nd[Au(CN){sub 2}]{sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O (4), a=6.6573(13) A, c=18.431(4) A, V=707.2(2), Z=2. The coordination around the Am and/or Nd consists of six N-bound CN{sup -} groups resulting in a trigonal prismatic arrangement. Three capping oxygen atoms of coordinated water molecules complete the tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment, providing a total coordination number of nine for the f-elements. Raman spectroscopy, which compliments the structural analyses, reveals that the four compounds display strong signals in the {nu}{sub CN}more » stretching region. When compared with KAg(CN){sub 2} or KAu(CN){sub 2}, the {nu}{sub CN} stretching frequencies for these compounds blue-shift due to bridging of the dicyanometallate ions with the f-element ions. There is subsequent reduction in electron density at the cyanide center. Compared with the silver systems, the {nu}{sub CN} frequency appears at higher energy in the gold dicyanide complexes. This shift is consistent with the structural data where the carbon-nitrogen bond distance is found to be shorter in the gold dicyanides. - Graphical abstract: Coordination polymeric compounds between the 'man-made' trans-plutonium element, americium, and transition metal ions were prepared using the hydrothermal synthetic procedure. The Am{sup 3+} ion and the transition metals, Au and/or Ag, are interconnected through cyanide bridging. The coordination around americium consists of six CN{sup -} groups coordinated through the N atoms resulting in a trigonal prismatic environment. Three oxygen atoms of coordinated water molecules complete the tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment for Am{sup 3+}, providing a total coordination number of 9.« less
Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is down-regulated during duodenal atresia formation in Fgfr2IIIb-/- mice.

Background Homozygous null mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( Fgfr2IIIb ) or its ligand fibroblast growth factor 10 ( Fgf10 ) results in duodenal atresia in mice. Mutations of either of these genes in humans cause Matthew-Wood syndrome and associated duodenal stenosis. Recently, mutations in the retinol-binding protein receptor gene STRA6 were reported to be implicated in this syndrome as well. This suggests that the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway interacts with the Fgf10-Fgfr2IIIb signaling pathway during duodenal development. Accordingly, we hypothesized that Fgfr2IIIb-/- mouse embryos would exhibit disruptions in expression of Raldh2, the gene for the enzyme that regulates the final step in the conversion of vitamin A to the active form RA, during duodenal atresia formation. Materials and Methods Fgfr2III -/- mice were generated from heterozygous breedings. Embryos were harvested between embryonic day (E) 11.0 to E 13.5 and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Duodenums were dissected out, fixed and photographed. Whole mount and section in situs were performed for Raldh2 . Results Fgfr2IIIb -/- embryos demonstrate subtle changes in the duodenal morphology by E11.5 with complete involution of the atretic precursor by E 13.5. Raldh2 appears to be down-regulated as early as E 11.5 in the atretic precursor a full 2 days before this segment disappears. Conclusions In Fgfr2IIIb-/- mouse embryos, a reduction of Raldh2 expression is observed within the region that is forming the atresia. This is the first demonstration of such an event in this model. As in humans, these results implicate disruptions between Fgfr2IIIb receptor function and RA signaling in the formation of this defect and indicate that Fgfr2IIIb-/- mouse embryos are a valid model for the study of the atretic spectrum of defects in human duodenal development.
The own-age bias in face recognition: A meta-analytic and theoretical review.

A large number of studies have examined the finding that recognition memory for faces of one's own age group is often superior to memory for faces of another age group. We examined this own-age bias (OAB) in the meta-analyses reported. These data showed that hits were reliably greater for same-age relative to other-age faces (g = 0.23) and that false alarms were reliably less likely for same-age compared with other-age faces (g = -0.23). Further meta-analyses of measures of signal detection demonstrated that, although no difference in response criterion was evident (g = -0.01), discriminability was reliably better for same-age compared with other-age faces (g = 0.37). As well, children, younger adults, and older adults exhibited superior discriminability for same-age compared with other-age age faces. Thus, the OAB appears to be a robust effect that influences the accuracy of face recognition. Theoretical accounts of the OAB have generally suggested that it reflects more extensive, recent experiences with one's own age group relative to other-age groups. Additional analyses were supportive of this account as the OAB was present even for groups (e.g., older adults) that had prior experiences as members of another age group. However, the most comprehensive account of the OAB will also likely invoke mechanisms suggested by social-cognitive theories.
Methimazole Associated Neutropenia in a Preterm Neonate Treated for Hyperthyroidism

Maternal Graves' disease is relatively uncommon with an estimated incidence of 0.4%-1% of all pregnancies, but only 1-5% of newborns delivered to mothers with Graves' disease develop overt clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Here, we describe a case of a 1380-gram female neonate who was born at 30-week gestation to a mother with Graves' disease. Our patient presented with hyperthyroidism followed by transient hypothyroidism requiring treatment with levothyroxine. While hyperthyroid, she was treated with methimazole, iodine, and a beta-blocker. 20 days after the initiation of methimazole, she developed neutropenia. The neutrophil counts started to improve immediately after the initiation of the weaning of methimazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of methimazole induced neutropenia in a preterm infant being treated for neonatal Graves' disease.
Tools-at-hand and learning in multi-session, collaborative search

Improving search interfaces and algorithms are major foci of HCI and information retrieval (IR) research respectively. However, less attention has been given to understanding how users collect, manage, organize, and share the results they find from conducting searches on the Web and designing tools to support their needs. In this paper, we present results from a study in which we interviewed 30 people in three cohorts (academic researchers, corporate workers, and people looking for medical information) about their current practices conducting, managing, and sharing information from on-going, exploratory searches. We report results on users' current practices, tool use, areas of difficulties and associated coping strategies with emphasis on how information seekers use a variety of "tools-at-hand" beyond search engines and web browsers as they search, process, and share results, and on the learning processes that occur as they seek and use information over time.
Word sense disambiguation of adjectives using probabilistic networks

In this paper, word sense disambiguation (WSD) accuracy achievable by a probabilistic classifier, using very minimal training sets, is investigated. We made the assumption that there are no tagged corpora available and identified what information, needed by an accurate WSD system, can and cannot be automatically obtained. The lesson learned can then be used to focus on what knowledge needs manual annotation. Our system, named Bayesian Hierarchical Disambiguator (BHD), uses the Internet, arguably the largest corpus in existence, to address the sparse data problem, and uses WordNet's hierarchy for semantic contextual features. In addition, Bayesian networks are automatically constructed to represent knowledge learned from training sets by modeling the selectional preference of adjectives. These networks are then applied to disambiguation by performing inferences on unseen adjective-noun pairs. We demonstrate that this system is able to disambiguate adjectives in unrestricted text at good initial accuracy rates without the need for tagged corpora. The learning and extensibility aspects of the model are also discussed, showing how tagged corpora and additional context can be incorporated easily to improve accuracy, and how this technique can be used to disambiguate other types of word pairs, such as verb-noun and adverb-verb pairs.
TVT or TOT? When to avoid retropubic trocar passage

Most surgeons have a preferred method for placing a minimally invasive suburethral sling for treatment of stress urinary incontinence. However, unique clinical circumstances may necessitate altering this approach. We describe two cases for which a retropubic approach to sling placement may be contraindicated.
Cytogenetic analysis of a malignant triton tumor and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and a review of the literature

Cytogenetic analyses of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) and malignant triton tumors (MTT) are few to date. Two separate triton tumor specimens from one patient and a MPNST specimen from another patient, both with peripheral neurofibromatosis (NF-1, von Recklinghausen disease), showed complex near-triploid complements and partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1. Notably, a structural abnormality of chromosome 17 was detected in the MPNST, and loss of chromosome 22 was detected in the MTT. The genes for peripheral neurofibromatosis (NF-1) and central neurofibromatosis (NF-2) have been mapped to these two chromosomes respectively.
Regeneration in vitro of previously frozen adult mouse and human striated muscle coupled with fetal spinal cord.

Abstract Methods were studied to permit freezing of adult mammalian skeletal tissue, storage, thawing, and subsequent explantation and development in organotypic tissue culture. A slow freeze method in the presence of 1M DMSO produced muscle whose regeneration in vitro after thawing was similar to that of unfrozen tissue. No significant ultrastructural or electrophysiological differences were detected between muscle explants which regenerated from frozen and unfrozen tissues. The DMSO appears to protect against gross structural destruction which occurs during the thawing process. A slow freezing rate improved the muscle's regenerative capacity, but the thawing rate had little influence. The morphological correlates and their implications are discussed.
An Improved Trap for Passive Capture of Demersal Eggs during Spawning: An Efficiency Comparison with Egg Nets

Abstract Assessment of spawning activity in deep water would be facilitated by egg collection devices that could be deployed and retrieved from the surface, were resistant to severe weather conditions, and protected eggs after capture. The egg trap described herein fulfills these criteria. Moreover, eggs are easily removed from the trap after retrieval, and the trap can be manufactured inexpensively in large quantities (US$8 per trap). Laboratory tests indicated the trap excluded more eggs than did previously described egg nets but retained eggs more effectively after capture. In field trials of paired nets and traps during natural spawning, the traps captured almost three times more eggs than the nets (P < 0.05) and damaged a smaller percentage of the eggs.
Synthesis of N-alkyl substituted bioactive indolocarbazoles related to Gö6976

The syntheses of new nitrile and amide analogues of 7-keto Go6976 are described. The amide analogue 22 was formed via the condensation with a new functionalized indoleacetic acid derivative 25 to overcome the solubility problem during the coupling reaction.
Characteristics and Trends of Published Emergency Medicine Research

Objectives: Despite its importance in improving patient care, the state of published emergency medicine (EM) research is poorly understood. The countries of origin, methodological characteristics, sources of funding, and ongoing trends in this research are unknown. Knowledge of these characteristics has important policy, research, and clinical implications for academic EM. Methods: The National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database was searched for all articles published from 1996 to 2005 that originated from EM departments. The date and journal of publication, country of origin, study methodology, and, in the case of U.S. articles, acknowledgment of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant support were noted. Journal impact factors of the publishing journal were assigned to each article. The aggregated data were then analyzed for country, journal of origin, and trend. Results: Of the 14,605 articles originating from EM departments, the United States published 8,550 (58.54%), followed by the United Kingdom with 1,222 (8.37%) and Japan with 663 (4.54%). Significant publication growth was detected worldwide (116.6 articles per year; 95% confidence interval = 101.1 to 132.1; p < 0.0001) and in 17 of the top 20 EM research–producing countries. Among published U.S. studies, the NIH funded 388 (4.5%). Of all articles, 6,152 (41.8%) were published in dedicated EM journals. Conclusions: Emergency medicine research output is increasing worldwide. The United States is the largest producer of EM research, only a small fraction of which is supported by the NIH. The majority of research published by emergency researchers is published in non-EM journals. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:635–640 a 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Regions of validity of the geometric optics approximation for angular scattering from very rough surfaces

Abstract The geometric optics approximation for radiative scattering from rough surfaces is compared with exact scattering predictions from electromagnetic theory. Rigorous electromagnetic scattering theory is numerically formulated based on the extinction theorem. Radiative predictions from one-dimensional random rough surface profiles are calculated for a broad range of surface length scales (correlation lengths, rms roughnesses), wavelengths and incident angles. A directional criterion is used to compare the exact and the approximate results based on very small angular regions. Surface parameter domains for the regions of accuracy of the geometric optics approximation are quantified and presented as a function of surface slope and roughness. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
The epidemiology and natural history of Crohn's disease in population-based patient cohorts from North America: a systematic review.

Aim: To quantify, through systematic review, the epidemiology and natural history of Crohn’s disease in North America. Methods: The selected articles contained: (i) population-based samples of patients followed from the time of diagnosis; and (ii) objective diagnostic criteria for disease. Studies on the natural history of Crohn’s disease also contained sufficient follow-up. Data collection and analysis: For prevalence studies, data on the incidence, prevalence, gender and age at diagnosis were extracted. For natural history studies, data on the disease activity, use of medications and surgery were extracted. Main results: The prevalence of Crohn’s disease in North America ranges from 26.0 to 198.5 cases per 100 000 persons. The incidence rates range from 3.1 to 14.6 cases per 100 000 person-years. Most patients have a chronic intermittent disease course, while 13% have an unremitting disease course and 10% have a prolonged remission. Less than half require corticosteroids at any point. During any given year, approximately 10% are treated with corticosteroids and 30% are treated with 5-aminosalicylates. Up to 57% of patients require at least one surgical resection. Conclusions: Between 400 000 and 600 000 patients in North America have Crohn’s disease, and the natural history is marked by frequent exacerbations requiring treatment with corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylate products and surgery.
Sexual precocity in a 2-year-old boy caused by indirect exposure to testosterone cream.

Objective: To report a rare case of sexual precocity caused by inadvertent exposure to testosterone cream.Methods: We report the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings of a boy presenting wi...
Grain bridging of highly anisotropic silicon nitride

Abstract This study assessed the contribution of grain bridging by elastic deformation to the total toughening, in a highly anisotropic silicon nitride where the large rod-like grains were uniaxially aligned, when a crack propagated perpendicularly to the grain alignment. The length of debonded part of the grains was estimated to be about 1 μm, from distribution of grain fracture sites in the crack wake. It was predicted that the grain bridging operated in a very short crack extension like 10 μm, and caused a large toughness increase of ∼4 MPa m 1/2 . This accounted for a substantial part of the total toughening of this material.
Learning multiple models for exploiting predictive heterogeneity in recommender systems

Collaborative filtering approaches exploit information about historical affinities or ratings to predict unknown affinities between sets of "users" and "items" and make recommendations. However a model that also incorporates heterogeneous sources of information that may be available on the users and/or items can become a much more effective recommender, in terms of both increased relevance of the predictions as well as explainability of the results. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach that exploits not only such "side-information", but also a different kind of heterogeneity that captures the variations in the mapping from user/item attributes to the affinities of interest. Such predictive heterogeneity is likely to occur in large recommender systems that involve a diverse set of users, and can be mitigated by using multiple localized predictive models rather than a single global one that covers all user-item pairs. The scope or coverage of each local model is determined simultaneously with the model parameters. The proposed approach can incorporate different types of inputs to predict the preferences of diverse users and items. We compare it against well-known alternative approaches and analyze the results in terms of both accuracy and interpretability.
Raman-Active Optical Phonons in the Hexagonal Phases of Solid H 2 , D 2 , and HD

Raman scattering from the transverse optic phonon in the hcp phase of single crystals of the five modifications of solid hydrogen has been observed. Frequencies have been measured to a precision of 0.05 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and are compared with results of recent quantum-crystal theories of lattice dynamics. Reasonable agreement with theory is found, although frequency differences between ortho and para modifications of the same isotope are much larger than predicted. Absolute measurements of the phonon scattering efficiencies are made by comparing to the intensities of the $J=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3 or 0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ rotational Raman lines. The results are in good agreement with Werthamer's recent theory for light scattering in van der Waals-type crystals. A broad continuous feature observed at shifts of 40-200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is tentatively identified as a two-phonon band. Predictions are made for the phonon intensities expected in solid hcp helium.
Quantitative analysis of modified proteins by LC-MS/MS of peptides labeled with phenyl isocyanate.

Stable isotope tagging methods have enabled relative quantitation of proteins between samples in LC−MS/MS analyses. However, most such methods are not applicable to the differential quantitation of modified proteins because the isotope tagging reagents only react with certain peptides or because the reagents incorporate a mass increment that is too small to allow reliable quantitation on low resolution ion trap MS instruments. Here, we describe the use of d0- and d5-phenyl isocyanate (PIC) as N-terminal reactive tags for essentially all peptides in proteolytic digests. PIC reacts quantitatively with peptide N-terminal amines within minutes at neutral pH and the PIC-labeled peptides undergo informative MS/MS fragmentation. Ratios of d0- and d5-PIC-labeled derivatives of several model peptides were linear across a 10 000-fold range of peptide concentration ratios, thus indicating a wide dynamic range for quantitation. Application of PIC labeling enabled relative quantitation of several styrene oxide adducts...
Neonatal screening for severe combined immunodeficiency.

Purpose of reviewPopulation-based newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and related disorders has been instituted in five states, with several more planning to add this testing to their newborn screening panels. This review summarizes the rationale, development and implementa
Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity in Paediatric Patients

The prevalence and severity of obesity appear to be increasing in the paediatric population. This has resulted in an increasing trend in outcomes related to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current clinical approach to management of obesity in paediatric patients is behavioural therapy directed at changing diet and physical activity. While there are no pharmacological agents currently approved for the treatment of paediatric obesity, there is hope that agents approved for use in adults will prove useful in adolescents and children. Therapeutic trials are currently under way to evaluate some agents, e.g. orlistat and sibutramine. Controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate drugs for weight management in children and adolescents. It should not be assumed that the risks and benefits associated with these drugs are the same for children as for adults. It is also possible that as the understanding of the science of obesity advances, new agents will be developed which will have appropriate benefits and risks for use in children.
The role of home care in integrated delivery systems.

ABSTRACT The health care field is moving rapidly toward integrated delivery systems (IDS). The role of home care in such systems is unclear. This study seeks to describe the current status of home care in IDS and to examine health care administrators' perceptions about the importance of IDS components. A random sample of 1600 administrators was surveyed, 400 each from home care agencies, hospitals, nursing homes, and medical groups. Results reveal that hospitals lead integration, nursing homes are least involved, and home care agencies and medical groups fall in between. Administrators' opinions vary considerably about the importance of select services and integrating mechanisms.
Pulse radiolysis experiments: Synthesis and analysis of composite spectra

Abstract Methods are outlined for compiling optical spectra obtained in pulse radiolysis experiments in a form suitable for detailed synthesis and analysis of composite spectra. The experimental data are processed with a programmable calculator having a cassette recorder for storage of the output data files and a peripheral plotter. The spectra are first smoothed by fitting them parabolically segment by segment. The overall spectrum is then assembled in digital form by interpolating the fitted data on a 1 nm grid and the results are stored on cassette files for further processing. Composite spectra can be readily calculated and plotted from the data on these files or known components can be subtracted from observed spectra to examine underlying contributions. The use of the fairly simple data processing methods described here permits an interactive mode of operation by the investigator which can maximize insight into details of the various contributions to an observed spectrum. Several examples of the use of these methods in conjunction with data obtained with a computer controlled pulse radiolysis data acquisition system are given.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Definitive Treatment for Prostate Cancer: Results From CaPSURE

ABSTRACTPurpose: Contemporary cancer treatments have resulted in patients living longer but with the risk of disease recurrence. Studies suggest that fear of recurrence is a significant burden. We described fear of cancer recurrence in patients with prostate cancer undergoing treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP), radiation (XRT) or brachytherapy (BT).Materials and Methods: A total of 519 patients (326 RP, 53 XRT, 140 BT) were identified from CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor), a national longitudinal registry of men with prostate cancer. To be included in the study patients had to complete at least 1 pretreatment and 2 posttreatment health related quality of life questionnaires and have complete clinical information. Fear of cancer recurrence was assessed with a validated 5-item scale, and was described at baseline and up to 2 years after treatment. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine significant predictors of fear of cancer recurrence.Results:...
Range-momentum relationships for heavy low-velocity ions

The range-momentum relationships for heavy low-velocity ions have been determined by measuring the ranges of nuclear emulsion nuclei which were scattered elastically by artificially accelerated 400 MeV40A and 200 MeV20Ne ions. The measurements were made in both K-5 and K-2 nuclear emulsions. Assuming the energy-loss process to be the same for all ions, these observations have been used to construct a universal range-momentum relationship for ions of all charge states.
Gender differences in the accuracy of self-reported weight

To investigate gender as a possible moderator of the validity of self-reported weight data in studies of body image and eating disorders, the discrepancies between reported weights and actual weights were examined in a sample of 186 college students, 90 males and 96 females. Ninety-four percent of the students were Anglo-American, and 6% were African-American, Asian-American, or Hispanic. In comparison to male students, female students underreported their weight to a significantly greater degree. Generally, use of self-reported weight, rather than actual weight, would result in more subjects classified as normal weight or underweight and fewer classified as overweight, using standard methods of classifying individuals into weight categories. And consistent with previous research, normal-weight females perceived themselves as overweight while normal-weight males were more likely to perceive themselves as underweight. Implications for further research on gender differences in eating problems and body image are discussed.
Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Identifies Recurrent Gain of Chromosome 2p25.3 Involving the ACP1 and MYCN Genes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chromosomal aberrations are independent prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recent studies using genomic arrays have shown recurrent gains of the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p) in a subset of CLL. We evaluated 178 CLL cases for 2p gains using custom-designed oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). A high frequency of 2p gains was observed in 53 of 178 (30%) cases, which ranged from a small 29-kb region to large segments involving the entire short arm. Besides several common chromosomal aberrations associated with 2p gain, we demonstrated a novel observation that gain of the telomeric region 2p25.3 harboring the ACP1 gene is common in CLL (25%, 44 of 178 cases). The ACP1 gene has been previously shown to regulate T-cell receptor signaling through ZAP-70, and both genes are unfavorable clinical markers for CLL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed the presence of 3-6 copies of ACP1 in 35 of 40 (88%) of these cases. Interestingly, none of the aCGH diploid CLL cases showed gain of ACP1. Assessment of 73 healthy individuals by qPCR revealed ACP1 copy number gain in only two cases (2.7%). Gain of 2p25.3 was associated with ZAP-70 expression (P < .002) and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene mutation (P < .0001). A high frequency of MYCN co-amplication with ACP1 was observed (14 of 40 cases, 35%). The frequent 2p25.3 gain involving the ACP1 and MYCN genes may help define the critical region of 2p that contributes to pathogenesis of CLL together with other chromosomal abnormalities.
The effects of neutral posture deviations on perceived joint discomfort ratings in sitting and standing postures

There is a pressing need to rank body deviations from neutral postures which occur due to variety of body movements around different joints. Such knowledge is needed to better understand potentially adverse effects of poor working postures on the industrial population. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of postural deviations on perceived joint discomfort ratings assessed under similar working conditions. Twelve males and seven females participated in the laboratory study. The results revealed several distinct classes of joint deviations from neutral postures, which need to be assigned different weights of postural stress. A preliminary ranking system for assessment of stressfulness of human body deviations about different joints was proposed.
Isoenzymes of rabbit slow myosin

Pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis has been established as a sensitive and reliable method of resolving myosin isozymes. The existence of 3 isozymes of vertebrate fast myosin differing in their alkali light chain distribution is well documented. In order of increasing mobility they represent the (LCr)a(LC&, (LCr)(LC&(LCa) and (LC&(LC& species [1,2,3]. However, in rat ventricular myosin, where only one light chain is analogous to the alkali light chains of fast skeletal myosin, the isozymes differ with respect to the iso-forms of 2 distinct heavy chains [4,5]. Fast skeletal myosin isozymes differ in the heavy chain [6-91. In case of rabbit slow myosin no isozymes were distinguishable on pyrophosphate gel [IO]. The existence of 2 different light chains (LCI,,LCIb) analogous to the alkali light chains of fast myosin [ 111, and as reported here, the existence of 2 forms of slow subfragment-l (S-l) separated in pyrophosphate gel suggests the presence of the isozymes analogous to the fast myosin isozymes. On the basis of analysis in pyrophosphate gels of single fibers, some of which contain predominantly either LC,, or LCrb, there are at least 2 isozymes of rabbit slow myosin namely, (LC&(LC& and (LCrb)z(LC2)2 horndims.
High Resolution in the Infrared by Interferometry. Unambiguous Display without Overlapping Orders

The Fabry-Perot interferometer has been adapted for very high-resolution spectroscopy in the near infrared. At 1.5 microns a pair of lines separated by 0.043 cm−1 was fully resolved. It is explained that this represents a sixfold improvement over anything that has been achieved hitherto at this wavelength. An important new method emerged which has applications to both emission and absorption spectroscopy in general. By its means a region many times the spectral range of the interferometer can be displayed directly and unambiguously without overlapping orders.
THE MORTAL IMMORTAL: Mary Shelley's “Overreachers” Reconsidered

“The Mortal Immortal” (1834) was one of sixteen stories that Mary Shelley published in The Keepsake, the “most successful of annuals” in the post-Regency period (Sussman 165). By this time her most...
Chemical dependency patients with cooccurring psychiatric diagnoses: service patterns and 1-year outcomes.

Background: Improving services and treatment outcomes for individuals with cooccurring alcohol and drug use disorders and psychiatric conditions has been a critical challenge to clinicians and policy makers. This study examined 1-year outcomes for individuals entering chemical dependency (CD) treatment with and without cooccurring psychiatric diagnoses targeted by California parity legislation. Among those with cooccurring conditions (i.e., dual-diagnosis patients), we examined a model including individual characteristics, treatment services, and extratreatment characteristics to understand CD outcome predictors in this population. We hypothesized that longer CD treatment duration and receiving psychiatric services would predict higher abstinence levels. In particular,patterns of psychiatric services (amount of services, receiving a critical dose, or receiving services concurrently with CD treatment) were assessed in relation to outcome. Methods: We examined abstinence rates 1 year after intake for 747 adults with and without cooccurring conditions. Among dual-diagnosis patients, logistic regression was used to examine predictors of abstinence. Results: At baseline, dual-diagnosis patients (N=104) had higher levels of medical, family, and employment problems than others. They had similar CD retention and received more psychiatric services during the year after intake and had comparable CD outcomes at 1 year. Length of stay in CD treatment, hours of psychiatric services, number of months with concurrent CD and psychiatric services, and number of 12-step meetings attended were independent predictors of abstinence for dual diagnosis patients. Conclusions: Chemical dependency outcomes in patients with cooccurring psychiatric conditions were positively associated with the number and patterning of services. Receiving psychiatric services concurrently with CD treatment may be beneficial for dual-diagnosis patients. Future studies should examine how best to integrate services to optimize treatment outcomes.
The Wealth (and Want) of Nations: The Impact of Economic Globalization on the Developing World

AbstractIn this article I review the literature on four outcomes of economic globalization: growth, wages, poverty, and inequality. Special attention is given to the importance of these outcomes for people of developing nations. Findings in the literature show a correlation between economic globalization and economic growth, but the relationship is much stronger for some nations than for others. Evidence on wages also shows uneven benefits from economic globalization. The evidence on poverty is inconclusive, while several authors note growing inequality within nations. These studies highlight the need for more research that includes extraneous factors, such as foreign aid and remittances. Further research also should refine the unit of analysis and gather extensive data from the informal sector.
Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using its five cardinal features : introducing the Mayo Clinic's HISORt criteria

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a recently defined form of chronic pancreatitis. While numerous case reports and small case series of AIP have been reported from Japan, there have been relatively few from the West. Based on a retrospective review of our experience with resected AIP and a review of the literature, we have identified five cardinal features of AIP in histology, imaging, serology, other organ involvement, and response to steroid therapy, which are summarized in the mnemonic HISORt. A combination of the HISORt criteria can be used to definitively diagnose a wide spectrum of manifestations of AIP.
The choice of nucleotide inserted opposite abasic sites formed within chromosomal DNA reveals the polymerase activities participating in translesion DNA synthesis

Abasic sites in genomic DNA can be a significant source of mutagenesis in biological systems, including human cancers. Such mutagenesis requires translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) bypass of the abasic site by specialized DNA polymerases. The abasic site bypass specificity of TLS proteins had been studied by multiple means in vivo and in vitro, although the generality of the conclusions reached have been uncertain. Here, we introduce a set of yeast reporter strains for investigating the in vivo specificity of abasic site bypass at numerous random positions within chromosomal DNA. When shifted to 37°C, these strains underwent telomere uncapping and resection that exposed reporter genes within a long 3' ssDNA overhang. Human APOBEC3G cytosine deaminase was expressed to create uracils in ssDNA, which were excised by uracil-DNA N-glycosylase. During repair synthesis, error-prone TLS bypassed the resulting abasic sites. Because of APOBEC3G's strict motif specificity and the restriction of abasic site formation to only one DNA strand, this system provides complete information about the location of abasic sites that led to mutations. We recapitulated previous findings on the roles of REV1 and REV3. Further, we found that sequence context can strongly influence the relative frequency of A or C insertion. We also found that deletion of Pol32, a non-essential common subunit of Pols δ and ζ, resulted in residual low-frequency C insertion dependent on Rev1 catalysis. We summarize our results in a detailed model of the interplay between TLS components leading to error-prone bypass of abasic sites. Our results underscore the utility of this system for studying TLS bypass of many types of lesions within genomic DNA.
Analysis of Mueller matrix images by polar decomposition

Using a novel automated Mueller matrix polarimetric imaging system we acquired and generated the Mueller matrix images of normal, benign, and cancerous tissue from a Sinclair swine. A polar decomposition of these Mueller matrices yields the retardance, diattenuation, and depolarization parameters for each skin sample. The results, presented in this paper, from the retardance decomposition indicate the ability to use this parameter to discriminate between benign and cancerous lesions.
Non‐Career Teachers in the Design Studio: Economics, Pedagogy and Teacher Development

As the economic pressure to teach more students with fewer (and less costly) instructors has increased in higher education, the utilisation of non-career teachers has become more prevalent. Design education has not escaped this phenomenon; non-career teachers, such as graduate and undergraduate students or design practitioners, have become commonplace in design education, including the design studio. The studio, however, is a unique teaching and learning environment in higher education. It poses distinct socio-academic challenges for both students and teachers. The utilisation of non-career teachers in studios raises a number of ethical and pedagogical questions. Teacher development is one serious concern. Here, the authors articulate the major challenges confronted by non-career studio teachers, especially student teaching assistants, and strategies for their development.
Synchronized growth of Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae) provides novel insights into cell-wall synthesis processes in relation to the cell cycle

Cell-cycle effects in phytoplankton have both general and specific influences over a variety of cellular processes. Understanding these effects requires that the majority of cells in a culture are progressing through the same cell-cycle stage, which requires synchronous growth. We report the development of a silicon starvation–recovery synchrony for the first diatom with a sequenced genome, Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdale, which provides several novel insights into the process of cell-wall formation. After 24 h of silicate starvation, flow cytometry measurements indicated that 80% of the cells were arrested in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle and then upon silicate replenishment progressed synchronously through the cycle. An early G1-arrest point was not previously documented in diatoms. After silicate replenishment, girdle-band synthesis was confined to a particular period in G1, and cells did not lengthen in accordance with each girdle band added, which has implications related to cell growth and separation processes in diatoms. Measurements of silicic acid uptake, intracellular pools, and silica incorporation into the cell wall, coupled with fluorescence visualization of newly synthesized cell-wall structures, provide the first direct measurements of silica amounts in individual girdle bands and valves in a diatom. Fluorescence imaging indicated why valves in T. pseudonana do not have to reduce in size with each generation and enabled visualization of intermediates in structure formation. The development of a synchrony procedure for T. pseudonana enables correlation of cellular events with the cell cycle, which should facilitate the use of genomic information.
Dynamic resource management in an eUtility

Oceano is management software for a eUtility infrastructure capable of providing cost-effective, autonomic resource allocation for multiple customer or application domains, in response to existent performance and availability conditions. The control layer of Oceano provides mechanisms to manage resources. This layer consists of a resource director and a set of resource managers. The resource director formulates resource configurations and coordinates their execution through resource managers. These resource managers maintain restore state and carry out detailed configuration tasks. This paper describes the Oceano resource management model and its server and application deployment resource managers. A prototype of Oceano has been developed and deployed on an 80 server platform, and has been tested with multiple domains and applications.
Uncultured blood smears hybridized with alpha satellite probes to diagnose 45,X in spontaneously aborted fetuses.

Traditional cytogenetic analysis of material from spontaneous abortions often fails due to non-viability of the tissues in cell culture. The 45,X constitution is common in early pregnancy loss. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to diagnose 45,X in uncultured blood smears obtained from 2 cases of spontaneous pregnancy loss with fetal hydrops. The ability of chromosome specific alpha satellite probes to detect aneuploidy in uncultured cells should greatly increase the successful detection of chromosomal abnormalities in early abortuses.
Transmission of West Nile virus through human breast milk seems to be rare.

Introduction In September 2002, possible transmission of West Nile virus via human milk was reported for the first time. Methods Since 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected reports of maternal or infant West Nile virus illness during the breastfeeding period. All of the reported instances were reviewed. In addition, milk samples from women infected during pregnancy were tested for West Nile virus RNA and West Nile virus-specific antibodies. Results Six infants were reported to have breastfed from mothers with West Nile virus fever. Five of the 6 infants had no illness or detectable antibodies to West Nile virus in serum after onset of maternal illness. One infant who was not tested and developed a rash was otherwise well 1 week after onset of maternal illness. In addition, 2 infants were reported to have developed West Nile virus illness while breastfeeding; preceding maternal illness was not documented. Two breastfed infants whose mothers acquired West Nile virus fever in the last week of pregnancy developed West Nile virus-specific antibodies; both infant infections could have been congenitally acquired. Of 45 milk samples from women infected with West Nile virus during pregnancy, 2 had West Nile virus RNA, and 14 had immunoglobin M antibodies to West Nile virus. Conclusions Of 10 reported instances since 2003 of maternal or infant West Nile virus illness while breastfeeding, transmission of West Nile virus through human milk could neither be ruled out nor confirmed for 5 cases; in 5 others, serologic tests indicated no vertical transmission. Transmission of West Nile virus through breastfeeding seems to be rare, but more information is needed.
A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, for the treatment of subjects with active Crohn's disease.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of alicaforsen, a first-generation antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, with placebo in subjects with active Crohn's disease, a disorder in which intercellular adhesion molecule 1 is overexpressed. Methods: In 2 identical double-masked, placebo-controlled studies, 331 subjects with active Crohn's disease were treated with either alicaforsen (221 subjects) or placebo (110 subjects) administered via 2-hour intravenous infusion 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Patients then returned for follow-up every 2 weeks. The primary end point was clinical remission by week 12. Secondary end points included clinical response and remission in relation to previous use of other biologics including tumor necrosis factor–α antagonists and presence of fistulous disease. Results: The results, whether combined or analyzed individually, failed to demonstrate statistical significance as a measure of its primary outcome (alicaforsen 33.9% vs placebo 34.5%; P = .89). In addition, no statistical differences in response were observed between alicaforsen and placebo in subjects who were previously treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor–α therapy or had baseline fistulizing disease. There were no significant differences in adverse events from placebo apart from a higher infusion reaction rate. Conclusions: In the subject population studied, alicaforsen failed to demonstrate efficacy in any of its primary outcome measures. Alicaforsen was well-tolerated.