cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ICAD deficiency in human colon cancer and predisposition to colon tumorigenesis: linkage to apoptosis resistance and genomic instability.

We previously showed that DNA fragmentation factor, which comprises a caspase-3-activated DNase (CAD) and its inhibitor (ICAD), may influence the rate of cell death by generating PARP-1-activating DNA breaks. Here we tested the hypothesis that ICAD-deficient colon epithelial cells exhibiting resistance to death stimuli may accumulate additional genetic modifications, leading to a tumorigenic phenotype. We show that ICAD deficiency may be associated with colon malignancy in humans. Indeed, an examination of ICAD expression using immunohistochemistry in an array of both colon cancer and normal tissues revealed that ICAD expression levels were severely compromised in the cancerous tissues. Upon DNA damage caused by a low dose of irradiation, ICAD cells acquire a tumorigenic phenotype. Colon epithelial cells derived from ICAD mice showed a significant resistance to death induced by the colon carcinogen dimethylhydrazine in vitro and in mice. Such resistance was associated with a decrease in PARP-1 activation. In an animal model of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis, ICAD−/− mice developed significantly higher numbers of tumors with markedly larger sizes than the wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, the phenotype of the ICAD−/− mice was not associated with a significant increase in the precancerous aberrant crypt foci suggesting a potential link to tumor progression rather than initiation. More importantly, ICAD deficiency was associated with severe genomic instability as assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization. Such genomic instability consisted most prominently of amplifications but with sizable deletions as compared to the wild-type counterparts affecting several cancer-related genes including RAF-1, GSN, LMO3, and Fzd6 independently of p53. Altogether, our results present a viable case for the involvement of ICAD deficiency in colon carcinogenesis and show that apoptosis and genomic instability may comprise the means by which such deficiency may contribute to the process of increasing susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis.
Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women.

This paper is based on a portion of a long-term prospective study conducted by the American Cancer Society over the period 1959–1972. It describes the mortality experience according to variations in weight among 750,000 men and women drawn from the general population. The lowest mortality was found among those close to average weight and those 10–20% below average weight. Mortality among men and women 30–40% heavier than average was nearly 50% higher than among those of average weight; among those more than 40% heavier than average it was nearly 90% higher than among those of average weight. Coronary heart disease was the major factor in the higher mortality of overweights, being 55% higher among those 30–40% heavier than average, and about 100% higher among those more than 40% overweight. Cancer mortality was elevated only among those 40% or more overweight; cancer of the colon and rectum was the principal site of excess cancer mortality among men, while cancer of the gall bladder and biliary passages, breast, cervix, endometrium, uterus and ovary were the major sites of excess mortality among women. Mortality from diabetes was particularly high among overweights, especially women. The mortality findings of this study match closely those of the Build and Blood Pressure Study 1959 based on the experience of 412 million insured persons.
Pollution control through price incentives: The role of rent seeking costs in monopoly markets

Abstract We consider the effect of rent seeking costs on the design of an efficient pollution tax. Earlier work has concluded that a pollution tax levied on an otherwise unregulated monopoly should always be less than the Pigouvian rate. This study demonstrates that if rent seeking costs are present, the appropriate discharge tax for a monopoly firm can equal or exceed the marginal damage from its pollution. Calculations reveal that under a wide range of conditions the ideal corrective tax for a monopoly firm is very close to the fully internalizing Pigouvian tax.
The Identification of Stuttering: Can You Look and Tell

This investigation focussed on how observers identify stutterers. It was found that stutterers are identified most correctly under visual circumstances as compared to auditory and combined auditory-visual conditions. Therefore, the reduction of stuttering should include removal of noticeable, interfering, and unnecessary nonverbal behaviors, particularly mouth and nostril movements.
Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy regarding Osteoporosis in Perimenopausal Women

The aims of this pilot study were to (1) determine if having a family history of osteoporosis impacts knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy regarding osteoporosis among perimenopausal women aged 42–52 and to (2) describe the impact of an osteoporosis-specific educational intervention had on the knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy of this population. Participants completed three surveys measuring knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy related to osteoporosis before and two months after the educational program. At baseline, no differences were noted in knowledge of osteoporosis among women with and without a family history of osteoporosis, although women with a family history perceived a greater susceptibility for developing osteoporosis than women without the family history. Findings indicate that both groups increased in knowledge of osteoporosis ( <path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5 t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /> <path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /> ). Benefits of calcium increased in the women without a family history of osteoporosis ( ) and benefits of exercise increase in women with a family history of osteoporosis ( ). There were no significant statistical findings regarding self-efficacy between the two groups of women. Findings indicate that an osteoporosis-specific educational program improves perimenopausal women’s knowledge and some health beliefs.
Localization of Eosinophil Granule Major Basic Protein in Chronic Urticaria

The role of the eosinophil in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases is not known. The eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), constituting the core and accounting for greater than 50% of the eosinophil granule, is toxic to helminths and mammalian cells. To determine whether eosinophil degranulation occurs in lesions of chronic urticaria, we performed an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay on sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, utilizing affinity chromatography-purified antibody to MBP. Twelve of 28 biopsies showed evidence of degranulation as judged by the deposition of MBP outside the eosinophil. The positive staining was of 3 types: (1) small blood vessel walls (5 patients), (2) dispersion of granular material (9 patients), and (3) focal or diffuse immunofluorescence of connective tissue fibers (11 patients). These results suggest a possible role for the cytotoxic molecule MBP in the evolution of lesions of chronic urticaria.
Metallic Fast Reactor Fuels

Metallic fuels are neutronically ideal for fast reactors because they produce an extremely hard neutron spectrum. Early metallic fuels had little endurance, due to excessive swelling. By incorporating space for swelling, very high burnups are now routinely achieved. Uranium-plutonium alloys with 10% zirconium to raise the melting point have been shown to be extremely reliable. Fuel swelling, mechanical and chemical interactions with various cladding materials, performance during transients, failure mechanisms, and behavior following both benign and complete failure of fuel pins have been extensively studied. The basic phenomena governing the performance of this type of fuel are well known, and have been sufficiently well modeled to specify design parameters that will assure reliable performance.
Timeliness of investor relations data at corporate web sites

Online data for investors is often stale, even when of high quality. How can this situation be improved?
Comparison of Five Methods for Estimating Density of Rangeland Grasshoppers

The frequency distribution of rangeland grasshoppers within subsamples was generally in agreement with the Poisson distribution. The accuracy and precision of density estimates varied significantly between sampling methods. The most reliable methods were those that mechanically delineated boundaries of the subsamples. Night cages were most reliable, followed closely by cage or net samplers, and all were superior to methods that required visual estimation of subsample boundaries. Unfortunately, accuracy and precision of the sampling methods were inversely related to convenience.
A study of the diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in Fe-3cr and Fe-5Cr alloys

Abstract Comparative hydrogen diffusivity measurements made in 0.1 M NaOH for Armco iron and two Fe-Cr alloys have shown a significant superiority of an alternating current (AC) technique over the direct current (DC) one. Based on the phase difference between the input and the output current recorded for 0.1 cm thick membranes at frequencies ranging from 10 to 40 mHz, the lattice diffusivities of hydrogen could be determined in all the three materials. The hydrogen diffusivity values measured at room temperature were 6.2x10−5, 5.5x10−5 and 2.8x10−5 cm 2 /s for annealed Armco iron, Fe-3Cr and Fe-5Cr alloy respectively. From the latter two values the Gibbs free energy of binding H atoms to Cr atoms was calculated. Depending upon the calculation method, the AG values ranged from −9.3 to −14.4 kJ/mol. At frequencies lower than 10 mHz and in experiments carried out with 0.03cm thick membranes, inaccurate, namely too low diffusivity values were obtained. This was mainly caused by surface impediments on the entry side of membranes. In contrast with AC tests, all DC measurements were affected by spurious effects which could not be eliminated by coating the entry side of membranes with a thin layer of palladium. The effect of surface barriers on diffusivity measurements is discussed.
The effects of ischemia and reperfusion on intestinal motility

The interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) has been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator of intestinal motility and function. The effects of low perfusion on the MMC have never been studied. Fourteen newborn Yorkshire piglets (5 to 18 days old, weighing 2.9 +/- 0.4 kg) underwent celiotomy under general anesthesia with placement of four jejunal electrodes (50 cm apart) as well as a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) Doppler flow probe and a pericardial catheter. Group 1 (n = 5) had operation alone. Group 2 (n = 9) had nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia induced by reversible cardiac tamponade for 5 hours between postoperative days 6 to 12. All subjects had MMC phase III electrical activity, cycling time, and propagation velocity recorded daily. In group 2 MMCs were recorded prior to and during ischemia, and during reperfusion. Group 2 animals had 75% +/- 4% decrease in SMA flow during the tamponade period. During the ischemic period, the MMC cycling time (CT) increased from 67 +/- 10 (mean +/- SEM) to 98 +/- 12 minutes (P < .05) and MMC propagation velocity (PV) decreased to 4.2 +/- 2.2 from a baseline value of 10.5 +/- 1.5 cm/min (P < .05). During reperfusion CT and PV values were not significantly different from baseline. The validity of this model is confirmed by the comparable baseline recordings in groups 1 and 2, and by the return of MMC to baseline values within 4 to 7 hours of reperfusion, as seen in group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prior-to-failure extension of flaws under monotonic and pulsating loadings

An equation governing the prior-to-failure crack propagation is proposed. For a rate-sensitive solid containing a two-dimensional crack and subject to the tensile mode of fracture the differential equations are integrated numerically for loads increasing monotonically in time. The resulting integral curves of load vs crack length and length vs time indicate that the growth of cracks in the subcritical range is strongly rate-dependent. The fatigue growth, viewed as a sequence of slow growth periods, is simulated on an EAI 380 analog computer. The fourth-power law proposed by Paris is confirmed only within certain range of high-cycle fatigue propagation and for a rate-insensitive solid. Otherwise, i.e., for a more pronounced rate dependence induced by viscosity of a solid and/or in the proximity of the final instability point, the growth is markedly enhanced.
Mineralization of Nitrogen from Biofuel By-products and Animal Manures Amended to a Sandy Soil

Transformations of nitrogen (N) from poultry litter (PL), dairy manure compost (DMC), anaerobically digested fiber (ADF), Perfect Blend 7–2–2 (PB), a compost/litter mixture (C/L), dried distillers grains from ethanol production (DG), and mustard meal from biodiesel production (MM) applied to a Quincy fine sand were investigated in an incubation experiment over 210 days. The cumulative release totals of available N after 210 days were 61, 61, 56, 44, 29, 2, and –2% for the total N in MM, PB, DG, PL, C/L, DMC, and ADF, respectively. With application of MM and DG, ammonium (NH4-N) accumulated initially in the soil with very little nitrification, possibly because of inhibition of nitrification related to chemical compounds in the amendments. Mineralization of organic N to NH4-N and nitrate (NO3-N) was relatively slow from MM- and DG-amended soils, indicating the potential for using biofuel by-products as slow-release N sources for plants.
The Evaluation of Fatty Acid Ratios in Latent Fingermarks by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis

Despite advances in DNA, fingermarks remain one the best forms of evidence available. While fingermarks are routinely analyzed in terms of their patterns, it may be possible to obtain additional information in terms of their chemical composition. If successful, a chemical analysis of the constituents of a fingermark may give scientists additional information that may help in the identification of a person. The results presented herein describe the initial investigation into the analytical determination of some of these compounds, specifically the fatty acids. This study was specifically aimed at identifying possible fatty acids, which could aid in profiling or perhaps uniquely identifying an individual. Preliminary data obtained in this study suggests that this may in fact be possible, though additional research is certainly necessary. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, significant differences in the ratios of several fatty acid methyl esters were found when comparing individuals of varying race and gender. In addition, large intervariability and intravariability was discovered for some compounds, suggesting the possibility of being able to individualize based on chemical profile. Follow-up investigations will continue to determine whether this continues to be the case as greater numbers of individuals are sampled and more extensive control and information on the subjects is obtained.
The Nonconsecutive Disulfide Bond of Escherichia coli Phytase (AppA) Renders It Dependent on the Protein-disulfide Isomerase, DsbC

The formation of protein disulfide bonds in the Escherichia coli periplasm by the enzyme DsbA is an inaccurate process. Many eukaryotic proteins with nonconsecutive disulfide bonds expressed in E. coli require an additional protein for proper folding, the disulfide bond isomerase DsbC. Here we report studies on a native E. coli periplasmic acid phosphatase, phytase (AppA), which contains three consecutive and one nonconsecutive disulfide bonds. We show that AppA requires DsbC for its folding. However, the activity of an AppA mutant lacking its nonconsecutive disulfide bond is DsbC-independent. An AppA homolog, Agp, a periplasmic acid phosphatase with similar structure, lacks the nonconsecutive disulfide bond but has the three consecutive disulfide bonds found in AppA. The consecutively disulfide-bonded Agp is not dependent on DsbC but is rendered dependent by engineering into it the conserved nonconsecutive disulfide bond of AppA. Taken together, these results provide support for the proposal that proteins with nonconsecutive disulfide bonds require DsbC for full activity and that disulfide bonds are formed predominantly during translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane.
PS2-09: The HMO Research Network: Growth, Governance and Administrative Gaps

Background/Aims The HMO Research Network (HMORN) is a virtual organization with formalized structures and processes to both facilitate new and support existing research collaborations. As both the size and success of the HMORN and the breadth of research associated with it have grown in recent years, governance and operations have become more complex. Recent activities of a supplemental award to plan for an HMO Collaboratory Coordinating Center can inform overall HMORN governance and operational strategies. This poster summarizes HMORN growth and complexity over time, mapping significant infrastructure and governance milestones over the same period. In addition, key facilitators and barriers to effective Coordinating Center governance are presented and related to ongoing work by the HMORN Governing Board to improve executive functioning. Finally, a gap analysis of three HMORN operational processes is briefly summarized.
Low Schottky barrier of rare‐earth silicide on n‐Si

Disilicide of rare‐earth metals (Dy, Er, Ho, and Gd) and Y have been formed by reacting the metallic film on both n‐ and p‐type silicons at around 350 °C for Schottky‐barrier height measurement using I‐V technique. A passivation coating of W, or Pt, or both was used to prevent the rare earth from oxidation. Schottky‐barrier heights of about 0.4 eV on n‐Si and 0.7 eV on p‐Si were determined.
Stimulated dual-band infrared computed tomography: A tool to inspect the aging infrastructure

The authors have developed stimulated dual-band infrared (IR) computed tomography as a tool to inspect the aging infrastructure. The system has the potential to locate and quantify structural damage within airframes and bridge decks. Typically, dual-band IR detection methods improve the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of ten, compared to single-band IR detection methods. They conducted a demonstration at Boeing using a uniform pulsed-heat source to stimulate IR images of hidden defects in the 727 fuselage. The dual-band IR camera and image processing system produced temperature, thermal inertia, and cooling-rate maps. In combination, these maps characterized the defect site, size, depth, thickness and type. The authors quantified the percent metal loss from corrosion above a threshold of 5%, with overall uncertainties of 3%. Also, they conducted a feasibility study of dual-band IR thermal imaging for bridge deck inspections. They determined the sites and relative concrete displacement of 2-in. and 4-in. deep delaminations from thin styrofoam implants in asphalt-covered concrete slabs. They demonstrated the value of dual-band IR computed tomography to quantify structural damage within flash-heated airframes and naturally-heated bridge decks.
Relationship between peanut yield and soil classification of Ultisols in southeastern Alabama

Abstract Farmers have often observed that peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces better on some soils than others, even when receiving the same management practices. This study was conducted to determine the validity of relating peanut yields to a soil classification system in the southeastern US. On-farm peanut experiments conducted from 1972 to 1988, consisting of 164 farms from seven counties of Alabama USA, were compiled for analysis. All experimental sites were identified by soil series, surface-soil texture, and slope. Yields were significantly affected by year and soil series, but yields were not significantly different based on a fertility capability classification system. Surface-soil texture and slope accounted for only a very small portion of yield variations. Soil series appeared to be a more reasonable means for predicting yields, although it may need to be modified to account for the influence of depth to an argillic horizon.
Low energy neutral spectroscopy during pulsed discharge cleaning in PLT

The efflux of neutral hydrogen from PLT during discharge cleaning has been measured using a time‐of‐flight spectrometer. During high ionization pulsed discharge cleaning (PDC), the flux in the energy range of 5 to 1000 eV varies from 1014 H0/cm2⋅s to 1016 H0/cm2⋅s and the average energy from 10 to 80 eV. The energy distributions are nearly single temperature Maxwellians. Low ionization PDC (Taylor‐type) produces a 1000 times lower fluence in the same energy range; however, a flux of 1016 H°/cm2⋅s at energies less than 5 eV is inferred. The detailed submillisecond time variation of these parameters with the fill gas pressure and state of cleanliness of the machine is presented. Comparisons with UV spectroscopy, bolometric measurements, and residual gas analysis are made.
The effects of ultraviolet light and certain drugs on Ia-bearing Langerhans cells in murine epidermis

Abstract Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells are immune macrophages of the epidermis and have Ia markers on their surface. Because of their position in the epidermis, they are subject to many environmental toxins like ultraviolet light. Also medications like cortisone applied topically to the skin could have important effects on these cells. We have used an anti-Ia serum and an indirect immunofluorescent technique to study Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets. We found that shortwave ultraviolet light (250–320 nm) and ultraviolet B (280–320nm) increased the density of Ia-bearing cells (Langerhans cells) in the skin. Psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) (320–400 nm) depleted the skin of Ia-bearing cells, an effect which takes 2 weeks to produce but which persists for several weeks after stopping treatment. Triamcinolone acetonide administered topically or intraperitoneally also depletes the skin of Ia-bearing cells. These agents, light and steroids, either destroy the Ia-bearing cells or remove the Ia markers from the cellular surface.
Three-dimensional echocardiography: clinical relevance and application

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has recently become a practical reality. It is now practicable to perform 3D echocardiography using transthoracic and transesophageal acoustic windows both in adults and children. The unique image projections that 3D echocardiography yields appear to have enormous potential for displaying intracardiac anatomy in exquisite detail. An important aspect of 3D echocardiography is its ability to supply accurate quantitative data without the use of geometric assumptions. In particular, coupled to contrast ultrasound agents, 3D echocardiography could be valuable in the assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. Early clinical experience suggests that 3D echocardiography is likely to play a valuable role in the evaluation of various cardiac disorders, especially in cardiac surgery. In this section, we will review the use of volume-rendered 3D echocardiography in the diagnosis and assessment of cardiac disorders with particular emphasis on the clinical application of this new methodology.
Transient structure in the high-energy X-ray light curve of NP 0532

The paper reports the observation of pulsed fractions in the primary and secondary peaks, as well as in the interpulse region, of the high-energy X-ray light curve of NP 0532. A statistical analysis of light-curve data is performed, and a similar analysis is carried out using simulated data. It is concluded that a previously reported third peak in the light curve was transient in nature.
ROLE OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION ON MURINE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones secreted in response to perceived psychological and or physiological stress. GCs have been shown to reduce tissue inflammation by down-regulating the production of inflammatory chemokines produced by epithelial cells. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is known to increase cytokine, chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression in parasite infected mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We sought to analyze the role of an anti-inflammatory protein, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in MODE-K cells during infection with T. gondii. GILZ expression in MODE-K cells was assessed by PCR and immunoblotting after stimulation with GCs (corticosterone, CORT) or T. gondii infection. GILZ mRNA was constitutively expressed in MODE-K cells but not its protein product. While infection and pre-exposure to CORT decreased GILZ isoforms of 28 and 17 kD, the presence of CORT during infection increased levels of 17 kD isoform. Infected cells treated with CORT had decreased expression of chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-2/CXCL8) while their expression was increased when endogenous GILZ was removed by siRNA treatment. GILZ up-regulation during infection may serve as a mechanism to decrease epithelial cell responses and facilitate parasite replication.
What is Measured in Measuring the Mortgage Market

Mortgage activity has commonly been measured with two variables: the volume of loans and the success rate of applications. I argue that these measurements represent distinct portions of the overall mortgage market and correspond to different social, racial, and economic attributes. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for 1991 and 1992 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, I compare a variable measuring the percentage of loan applications denied with a variable measuring the number of loans per 1,000 housing units. I find that these two variables display disparate spatial patterns, that they are associated with different census tract characteristics, and that they correspond to separate dimensions of social geography. These differences suggest that the evaluation of bank performance in meeting fair housing objectives depends on how this performance is measured. Both measurements are useful, but care must be taken in their application.
Observation of surface photoeffect for an adsorbate: Oxygen on W(1 0 0) and W(1 1 1)

Abstract Two strong peaks are observed, one above and one below the tungsten plasmon energy, hv p′ in the spectral dependence of the photoemission from one 2 p -like orbitals of oxygen chemisorbed on W(1 1 1) and W(1 0 0) surfaces. The peaks are interpreted in terms of a surface photoeffect arising from the dielectric response of the surface region. The occurrence of the resonance above hv p correlates with oxygen being located below the W surface plane. Local dielectric model calculations qualitatively reproduce the observations.
S6 kinase 1 knockout inhibits uninephrectomy- or diabetes-induced renal hypertrophy

Removal of one kidney stimulates synthesis of RNA and protein, with minimal DNA replication, in all nephron segments of the remaining kidney, resulting in cell growth (increase in cell size) with m...
Implementation and Institutionalization of Heart Health Programming in Schools: The Pawtucket Heart Health Program Experience.

Abstract The Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP) is a community research and demonstration project examining whether population-based interventions to decrease the prevalence of risk factors will reduce CVD morbidity and mortality. Intervention programs and materials have been promoted and implemented using a variety of channels including worksites, churches, physician offices, and schools. School interventions which targeted all 23 Pawtucket public and parochial schools included: curriculum materials; Heart Healthy Cook-Offs; Get Fit USA, an exercise campaign; after school Heart Health Clubs; Cholesterol SCOREs (screening, counseling, referral events); STOP, a smoking prevention program; Fun Foods for Kids, a nutrition program for young children; risk factor reduction campaigns for faculty and staff; and consultation to improve the school environment, i.e. smoking policy, school lunch. These comprehensive school interventions were designed to improve the heart health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors...
Referring physicians' discordance with the primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator guidelines: A national survey

Background The American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the Heart Rhythm Society guidelines provide patient selection criteria for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). For unknown reasons, guideline-discordant practice is common. Objective To determine referring physicians' concordance with the primary prevention ICD guidelines. Methods We mailed a survey regarding ICD guidelines and individual practice characteristics to a random national sample of 3000 physicians selected from the American Medical Association Masterfile—one-third each specializing in family medicine, internal medicine, and general cardiology. Results Sixty-four percent with correct contact information responded. Three hundred ninety-five (28%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25%–30%) respondents never refer patients with the intent of consideration for a primary prevention ICD, including 7% (95% CI 5%–10%) of cardiologists. Two hundred twelve (15%; 95% CI 13%–17%) believe ventricular arrhythmias are required before a primary prevention ICD is indicated; 525 (36%; 95% CI 34%–39%) believe that an ejection fraction of >40% warrants a primary prevention ICD; and 361 (25%; 95% CI 23%–27%) would refer a patient for a primary prevention ICD within 40 days of a myocardial infarction. In multivariate analyses, family practice physicians and physicians residing in the western United States most often provided guideline-discordant answers, while cardiologists and those who refer to an electrophysiologist most often provided guideline-concordant answers. Primary care physicians who manage heart failure patients without referral to a subspecialist were not more likely to provide guideline-concordant answers. Conclusions Answers discordant with the primary prevention ICD guidelines were common, suggesting that referring physician beliefs are an important barrier to appropriate patient referrals for primary prevention ICD implantation.
Propulsion requirements for the HL-20 personnel launch system

A lifting-body approach to the design of an HL-20 personnel launch system spacecraft for SSF crew rotation missions is presented. The high hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio of the HL-20 provides significant advantages in reduced g-loads during entry, high crossrange capability, ability to fly to landing sites over an extensive part of the earth, and multiple landing opportunities per day at specific landing sites. The HL-20 is capable of performing a return-to-launch-site runaway landing anytime during the first minute of launch following activation of an enhanced launch escape system.
Gene co-regulation by Fezf2 selects neurotransmitter identity and connectivity of corticospinal neurons

Fezf2 (Fezl) is a transcription factor that specifies corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) originating from cortical layer 5b. Lodato et al. use cortical progenitor isolation from developing mouse brain and gene expression profiling to identify genes downstream of Fezf2 and demonstrate co-regulation of CSMN gene ensembles by Fezf2 in establishing CSMN cell identity.
Atomic processes during Cl supersaturation etching of Si(100)-(2×1)

Supersaturation etching starts with Cl insertion into Si-Si bonds of Si(100) and leads to the desorption of ${\text{SiCl}}_{2}$ pairs. During etching, insertion occurs through a ${\text{Cl}}_{2}$ dissociative chemisorption process mediated by single dangling bond sites created by phonon-activated electron-stimulated desorption of atomic Cl. Based on scanning tunneling microscopy results, we identify a surface species, describe its involvement in supersaturation etching, and explore the energetics that control this process. In doing so, we show that insertion occurs at room temperature and that paired dangling bonds of bare dimers also mediate this process.
PERCUTANEOUS TRANSILIAL ACCESS FOR STONE REMOVAL IN CROSSED FUSED RENAL ECTOPIA

A case of crossed fused renal ectopia with urosepsis due to multiple struvite calculi in the left lower pole of the orthotopic renal unit is presented. The patient had a neurogenic bladder secondary to myelodysplasia, bilateral ureteral reflux, and had undergone multiple orthopedic operations previously, including posterior iliopsoas transplantation through the iliac bone (Sharrard procedure). After controlling the infection, nephrostolithotomy was performed. Three percutaneous accesses including one through the opening in the left iliac bone were required to gain access to all the stones. The patient was rendered stone free and subsequently underwent bladder augmentation and ureteral reimplantation. The management of complicated renal units is reviewed with respect to crossed renal fusion.
Mentoring and Retention in College Science: Reflections on the Sophomore Year.

Although mentoring has been linked to the retention of college students in science, it is still unclear whether students who persist in science majors (pursuers) have greater mentoring experiences than students who do not persist (switchers). In this study, 79 upper-level students who had enrolled as science majors at a research university were surveyed about the science mentoring they experienced during their sophomore year, a time when students were asked to make final decisions about their major. Pursuers reported greater science career mentoring than switchers, but there were no differences for psychosocial mentoring. In addition, students perceived similar barriers to and need for science mentoring, but pursuers initiated science mentoring more than switchers. Implications for future mentoring initiatives are discussed.
The Parallel Revolution Has Started: Are You Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?

The Par Lab started in 2008, based on an earlier technical report “The Berkeley View” on the parallel computing challenge. (K. Asanovic, R. Bodik, B. C. Catanzaro, J. J. Gebis, P. Husbands, K. Keutzer, D. A. Patterson, W. L. Plishker, J. Shalf, S. W. Williams, and K. A. Yelick. The landscape of parallel computing research: A view from Berkeley. Technical Report UCB/EECS-2006-183, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, December 18 2006.) This talk gives an update on where we are two years in the Par Lab. We picked five applications to drive our research, and believe they collectively capture many of the important features of future client applications even if they themselves do not become the actual future “killer app”. The Personalized Medicine application focuses on detailed modeling of individual’s responses to treatments, representing the important health market. The Music application emphasizes real-time responsiveness to rich human input, with high-performance many-channel audio synthesis. The Speech application focuses on making speech input work well in the real-world noisy environments where mobile devices will be operated. The Content-Based Image Recognition (CBIR) application represents the growing practical use of machine vision. Finally, the Parallel Web Browser is currently perhaps the most important single application on client devices, as well as representative of many other interactive rich-document processing tasks.
Masses in breasts with implants: diagnosis with US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the findings at ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of masses in breasts that contain a prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Real-time US-guided FNAB was performed in 22 lesions in 17 patients with breast implants. Pneumocystography was performed in seven of eight cysts. The final diagnosis was based on either histologic findings after surgical excision or a combination of cytologic, imaging, and clinical findings. RESULTS: The lesions had a mean diameter of 15 mm +/- 9 (standard deviation). Fifteen lesions (68%) were not identified on mammograms. In all cases, FNAB was completed without complication. Pneumocystography was successful in seven of seven cysts. Cytologic diagnosis was correct in 21 of 22 lesions (95%). There was one case of inadequate specimen (5%). In 16 cases (73%), the diagnosis was established with a single pass. CONCLUSION: Real-time US allowed continuous visualization of the needle during insertion and sampling, which resulted ...
784. Sleeping Beauty-Mediated eNOS Gene Therapy Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disorder with high mortality rates. Available treatment options are cumbersome to administer, expensive or are associated with adverse events. Gene therapy for PH is an alternative treatment strategy, yet viral vectors have inherent disadvantages including immune activation. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is a nonviral method of gene delivery that may overcome some of these drawbacks.
The action research model applied to the management of interdisciplinary research in university and industrial settings

There are problems in managing successful interdisciplinary research when resources must be drawn from across departmental bounds. The action research model provides a means for the interdisciplinary group to explore the problem constellation and introduce change. The application of this model to overall interdisciplinary policy management is illustrated for a group of health research centres in an academic Health Sciences Centre and for the Technology and Engineering area of a technology organization. For both, the application of the action research model introduced an improved basis for conducting interdisciplinary activities in discipline oriented organizational settings.
MORTALITY, INTEGRITY, AND PSYCHOANALYSIS (WHO ARE YOU TO ME? WHO AM I TO YOU?)

The author narrates her experience of mourning her therapist's sudden death. The profession has neglected implications of the analyst's mortality: what is lost or vulnerable to loss? What is that vulnerability's function? The author's process of mourning included her writing and her becoming an analyst. Both pursuits inspired reflections on mortality in two overlapping senses: bodily (the analyst is mortal and can die) and character (the analyst is mortal and can err). The subject thus expands to include impaired character and ethical violations. Paradoxically, the analyst's human limitations threaten each psychoanalytic situation, but also enable it: human imperfection animates the work. The essay ends with a specific example of integrity.
Effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide ventriculography during exercise in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract We examined the impact of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on the sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide ventriculography in 95 patients with angiographically proved coronary disease and in 22 angiographically normal subjects. Sixty of the former and seven of the latter were receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents. All had normal regional and global left ventricular function at rest. Exercise-induced asynergy and failure of exercise to increase ejection fraction by at least 0.05 were considered abnormal findings. The specificity of the criterion, failure to increase ejection fraction, was so impaired (0.87 vs 0.29) by these agents as to negate the usefulness of that observation for the diagnosis of coronary disease. The utility of the ejection fraction measurement to assess the severity of occlusive disease is also compromised, since that response is ameliorated by these drugs. An exercise-induced decline in ejection fraction of at least 0.05 was observed significantly less frequently in patients receiving beta blockers (30% vs 54%; p
Joint Aggregation and MAC design to prolong sensor network lifetime

This paper proposes JAM, a Joint Aggregation and MAC design, to improve the sensor network lifetime under the end-to-end delay constraint. The key idea is to adjust both network traffic (via data aggregation) and communication overhead (via duty-cycled MAC) in a holistic manner at each individual node as well as between neighbors. As a result, JAM extends the sensor network lifetime more efficiently and effectively than the state-of-the-art solutions while guaranteeing the desired delay bound and achieving a lower level of average nodal power consumption. JAM is a lightweight and distributed solution with limited control information exchanged between neighbors only, which makes it deployable in practical sensor networks. Extensive ns-2 simulation and TinyOS experiment results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of JAM in prolonging the network lifetime.
Pulsed laser deposition of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin films on LiNbO3 and surface acoustic wave studies

Abstract Surface Acoustic Waves on piezoelectric substrates can be used to investigate the dynamic conductivity of thin films in a non-contact and very sensitive way, especially at low conductivities. Here, we report on such surface acoustic wave studies to characterize thin manganite film like La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, exhibiting a Jan Teller effect with a strong electron phonon interaction and a metal insulator transition at high temperatures. We report on the deposition of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 on piezoelectric substrates (LiNbO3 in different crystal cuts, employing a pulsed laser deposition technique. The structural quality of the thin films are examined by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. For the electrical characterization, we employ the surface acoustic wave technique, accompanied by conventional direct current resistance measurements for comparison.
Asian Indians and depressive symptoms: Reframing mental health help-seeking behavior

Survey results from 96 Asian Indians in the USA found that those having depressive symptoms were more likely to have experienced social, family or relationship issues. Logistic regression analysis ...
KWATT: a toolkit for automatic web service generation

The Earth Science community is tackling computational problems that tax our largest computational resources. The size of the resulting datasets has been increasing almost exponentially over the last decade. Analysis of this data requires a cross-section of tools to extract useful information. Several international teams are working in concert to generate and analyze this data. A growing number of tools operate through Web services, which are the currently accepted mechanism through which users initiate tasks on one computer and execute them at some remote location. This paper presents a new tool, KWATT, a C++ application that generates web services from Tcl, Python, and Ruby scripts automatically, with minimal user intervention. KWATT parses the scripts and extracts information about procedures and user-defined control statements, embedded as comments. KWATT creates all necessary C++ wrappers, along with the code stubs required by gSOAP, a C++ interface to the SOAP protocol. Initially conceived to translate VTK front-end Tcl scripts into Web Services, the architecture is sufficiently general to accommodate a wide range of input languages. We demonstrate this capability with Tcl, Python and Ruby. Clients receive images through a dedicated socket for efficiency.
Differential thresholds of local field potentials and unit discharges in rat auditory cortex.

Abstract Thresholds for responses to tone bursts in the primary auditory field of pentobarbital-anesthetized rat are significantly lower for local field potentials (5.60 dB±1.76 S.E.M.) than for multiple unit discharges (17.80 dB±3.17), recorded simultaneously from the same microelectrode. The characteristic frequencies (CFs) of local field potentials provide a good ‘predictive’ estimate of unit CFs at their higher thresholds. The findings are consistent with the view that local field potentials in the auditory cortex reflect summed synaptic potentials rather than cellular discharges.
Abstract SY36-01: Mechanisms of autophagy addiction in cancer

Autophagy is a catabolic pathway utilized by cells to eat themselves and recycle cellular components to support metabolism and survival in response to starvation. Autophagy also functions to clear damaged proteins and organelles. Autophagy can thereby maintain tissue health and suppress tissue degeneration and cancer initiation in liver, and in this context autophagy is a tumor suppressor. Autophagy, however, is also a survival pathway used by both normal cells and established cancers to sustain metabolism and tolerate stress, and in this context autophagy is a tumor promoter. Activation of a powerful oncogene such as Ras, for example, up-regulates basal autophagy required for tumor cell survival in stress and in tumorigenesis. In Ras-driven cancer cells, defective autophagy causes accumulation of abnormal mitochondria, reduces oxygen consumption, and impairs metabolism causing energy depletion. Thus, without autophagy, tumor cells have impaired stress tolerance that reduces tumorigenesis. As cancers with Ras mutations have a poor prognosis, this “autophagy addiction” suggests that targeting autophagy is valuable new approaches to treat these aggressive cancers. Recent findings demonstrating roles for autophagy in genetically engineered mouse models for cancer and the regulation of nutrient sensing and autophagy regulation by mTOR will be presented. New developments in the approach to and effectiveness of autophagy modulation in cancer therapy and the mechanism of cancer cell death induction will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY36-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY36-01
Symmetry Properties of the Energy Bands of the Zinc Blende Structure

The symmetry properties of the one-electron energy bands of a crystal of the zinc blende structure are studied by means of group theory. This is done both with and without the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling. The character tables and compatability tables are obtained for the various irreducible representations of the space group ${{T}_{d}}^{2}$ associated with the zinc blende structure. The degeneracies and the gradients of the various possible energy bands are studied at lines and points of symmetry in the Brillouin zone. These results are compared with those for the equivalent energy bands in a crystal of the diamond structure.