cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy uncertainty in imperfect competition

A prototype decision support system (DSS) that directly addresses the nonstochastic uncertainties of an oligopolistic environment is described. The DSS evaluates price and advertising decisions in the light of imperfect judgmental knowledge about the price and advertising decisions of competitors in an oligopolistic environment. Traditional econometric forecasting methods used to develop the existing system are maintained, but the theory of fuzzy sets equips the models with direct assessment of nonstochastic uncertainty. In addition to parameterizing the econometric equations, the decisionmaker assesses his or her level of knowledge regarding the fuzzy quantities. These assessments are reflected directly in the output of the enhanced DSS. Using Zadeh's “extension principle” and the α-level sets representation of fuzzy sets, a practical implementation of the decision support system is achieved and exercised for the purpose of describing the benefits of sensitivity analysis.
A supersonic broadband microjet actuator using piezohydraulic actuation

A supersonic piezohydraulic microjet flow control actuator has been developed using a 400-µm-diameter micronozzle capable of producing pulsed microjet flow over a broad frequency range from quasi-static to 1.6 kHz. Such flow control actuators are useful in providing ideal control inputs for controlling flow properties to improve aerodynamic performance, for example, reduce or eliminate flow separation and mitigate noise from propulsion systems and other aircraft components. The design of the piezohydraulic microjet is presented in combination with experimental results to quantify the internal system dynamic characteristics in comparison with the microjet flow. The microjet actuator couples a piezoelectric stack actuator and a hydraulic circuit to amplify the 20-µm stack actuator displacement to an amplitude that is necessary to throttle flow through the 400-µm-diameter micronozzle. Unsteady pressure measurements at the microjet exit are correlated with the piezoelectric stack actuator displacement and vol...
The future of U.S. government—corporate relations

Abstract The future of government—corporate relations in the United States was studied using the Delphi research methodology. An expert panel estimated the dates of occurrence for 55 events, forming a futures scenario. The events were grouped into the five topic areas of the natural environment, employment, corporate governance, the economy and regulation/planning. The findings from the research indicated that the federal government will play an increasingly active and important role in the regulation of business over the next 20 years. However, there will not be drastic changes in structure or major discontinuities in the institutional relationships.
Diversity and structure of epifaunal communities on mollusc valves, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts

Abstract The diversity, homogeneity and population structure of epifauna living on dead bivalve shells in a shallow marine bay are examined. Twenty-eight shells of Mercenaria mercenaria were artificially emplaced on each of three different sediment types in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, for one year. Living faunas (53,000 individuals assignable to 106 species) and preservable faunas (16,000 individuals assignable to 25 species) which colonized these shells are compared. Living epifaunas demonstrate a moderately good fit to the Preston truncated lognormal distribution but deviate consistently from the MacArthur broken-stick model. Homogeneity and diversity of living faunas are greater on shells resting on coarse sediments. The rarefaction methodology overestimates faunal diversity in both living and preservable faunas. Preservable epifaunas posses a higher homogeneity but one which is generally parallel to that of the living communities from which they are derived. The diversity of preservable epifaunas does not reflect the diversity of the living faunas from which they are derived. Abundant species living on shells are more likely to possess preservable hard parts than are rare species. This is indicative of the evolutionary success of various protective devices in epibenthic communities exposed to predation and environmental vagaries.
Pelvic examination, tumor marker level, and gray-scale and Doppler sonography in the prediction of pelvic cancer.

Objective To determine the ability of pelvic examination, tumor marker assessment, and transvaginal ultrasonography, with selected use of Doppler ultrasonography, to predict pelvic malignancy. Methods Two hundred twenty-six women scheduled for operative removal of a pelvic mass were entered in the study prospectively. Each woman underwent pelvic examination, tumor marker assessment, and transvaginal ultrasonography preoperatively. Women whose gray-scale findings were suspicious for malignancy underwent Doppler ultrasonography. Suspicious findings included masses that were fixed or irregular on pelvic examination; CA 125 level greater than 35 U/mL; elevations in serum lactic dehydrogenase, alphafetoprotein, or hCG; and the presence of a substantial solid component on gray-scale ultrasonography. Suspicious Doppler findings included intratumoral color flow, pulsatility index less than 1.0, or resistance index 0.4 or lower. The findings were correlated with the presence of malignancy. Results If all three indicators (examination, tumor marker assessment, and gray-scale ultrasound findings) were non-suspicious, 99% of premenopausal women and 100% of postmenopausal women had benign masses. If all three indicators were suspicious, 77% of premenopausal women and 83% of postmenopausal women had malignant tumors. Logistic regression identified ultrasound impression and tumor size to be significant predictors of malignancy in premenopausal women, whereas CA 125 level and ultrasound impression were significant in postmenopausal women. In patients with suspicious gray-scale findings, recategorization based on Doppler findings resulted in inferior diagnostic indices. Conclusions Ultrasonographic tumor size and appearance are the best predictors of pelvic malignancy in premenopausal women, whereas CA 125 level and ultrasonographic appearance are the best predictors in postmenopausal women. Neither color nor spectral Doppler is useful in this setting.
Ageing dynamics of ferromagnetic and re-entrant spin glass phases in a stage-2 Cu0.80Co0.20Cl2 graphite intercalation compound

Ageing dynamics of a re-entrant ferromagnet stage-2 Cu0.8Co0.2Cl2 graphite intercalation compound has been studied using DC magnetization measurements. This compound undergoes successive transitions at the transition temperatures Tc (≈8.7 K) and TRSG (≈3.3 K). The relaxation rate SZFC(t) exhibits a characteristic peak at tcr below Tc. The peak time tcr at constant tw shows a local maximum around 5.5 K, indicating a slow dynamics arising from a frustrated nature of the ferromagnetic phase. It drastically increases with decreasing temperature below TRSG. The spin configuration imprinted at the stop and wait process at a stop temperature Ts (<Tc) during the field-cooled ageing protocol becomes frozen on further cooling. On reheating, the memory of the ageing at Ts is retrieved as an anomaly of the thermoremnant magnetization at Ts. These results indicate the occurrence of the ageing phenomena in the ferromagnetic phase (TRSG<T<Tc) as well as in the re-entrant spin glass phase (T<TRSG).
Community-based organisations in city environmental policy regimes: lessons from Philadelphia

In this paper we examine the role of community-based organisations (CBOs) in the environmental policy regime of Philadelphia, through a citywide survey (N = 40) and interviews with leaders from three types of CBOs: community development corporations (CDCs), civic associations (CAs), and business-improvement organisations. We found that CBOs of all types have changed their organisational missions and identities in response to their pursuit of sustainability goals, but that CDCs more so than either CAs or business organisations have integrated sustainability into their governance structures. Second, we found that a growing number of CBOs have expanded their work to involve environmental policy and programming. Third, we found that the work of local non-profit organisations has become directly linked to the city's broader sustainability plan, Greenworks.
COLLECTIVE ACTION IN PRISONS: PROTESTS, DISTURBANCES, AND RIOTS*

This study assesses competing explanations of inmate collective action using data from a nationwide sample of 317 adult maximum-and medium-security state prisons. Most previous studies have relied on data from only those prisons that have experienced riots. Hence, the conditions thought to cause collective outbursts may be equally present in prisons that did not experience such action. The current design allows for a comparison of riot and nonriot prisons. Additionally, this study examines the forces that generate other forms of collective action in prison, such as minor disturbances and inmate work stoppages. The results show that the variables under the administrative-control theory heading, but not the inmate-balance theory heading, help account for these events. Some consideration is given to the possibility that these two theories are complementary explanations.
Impact of Air Pollution Control Costs on the Cost and Spatial Arrangement of Cellulosic Biofuel Production in the U.S.

Air pollution emissions regulation can affect the location, size, and technology choice of potential biofuel production facilities. Difficulty in obtaining air pollutant emission permits and the cost of air pollution control devices have been cited by some fuel producers as barriers to development. This paper expands on the Geospatial Bioenergy Systems Model (GBSM) to evaluate the effect of air pollution control costs on the availability, cost, and distribution of U.S. biofuel production by subjecting potential facility locations within U.S. Clean Air Act nonattainment areas, which exceed thresholds for healthy air quality, to additional costs. This paper compares three scenarios: one with air quality costs included, one without air quality costs, and one in which conversion facilities were prohibited in Clean Air Act nonattainment areas. While air quality regulation may substantially affect local decisions regarding siting or technology choices, their effect on the system as a whole is small. Most biofuel facilities are expected to be sited near to feedstock supplies, which are seldom in nonattainment areas. The average cost per unit of produced energy is less than 1% higher in the scenarios with air quality compliance costs than in scenarios without such costs. When facility construction is prohibited in nonattainment areas, the costs increase by slightly over 1%, due to increases in the distance feedstock is transported to facilities in attainment areas.
Evaluating effectiveness of an infusion learning model on attitudes of physical education majors

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of an infusion curriculum model on attitudes of physical education majors toward teaching students with disabilities. 91 undergraduate students (61 men, 30 women) matriculating through the core curriculum of physical education teachers were exposed to the infusion curriculum as part of each course during one academic year. Attitudes were assessed pre- (Fall) and posttest (Spring) on the Physical Educator's Attitude Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities III. Analysis indicated a significant positive change in attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities. Findings suggest, when exposed to issues of disability by infusion into course content, these students self-reported they would have increased confidence in teaching and an appreciation when teaching students with disabilities. An independent validation of this change would be valuable.
NMLMAP-A two dimensional finite element program for transient or static, linear or nonlinear magnetic field problems

NMLMAP is a finite element program for the solution of two dimensional magnetic field problems. The problems may be transient or static, linear or nonlinear, and planar or axisymmetric. The program has features that include a coarse-to-fine rezone technique; an adaptive acceleration method for speeding the convergence of the nonlinear iteration; and a substructuring technique for decreasing solution times in certain non-linear problems. These features, the governing and finite element equations, and example problems are discussed
CFD Simulation of Contaminant Decay for High Reynolds Flow in a Controlled Environment

This study examines the usage of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) for estimating the time-elapsed decay of contaminants within a chamber experiencing high Reynolds flow. CFD results were compared with measurements taken at a controlled facility. In addition, parameters of the CFD simulation were examined; namely the effects of turbulence and inertial transport at high Reynolds number ventilating flows, as well as inlet duct configuration and its effect on the inlet velocity profile. The agreement between the computational and experimental clearance times was quite good, with percent errors as low as -5.32% at high flow rate and -11.8% at the lower flow rate. This study determined that for high Reynolds flow, diffusive transport effects may be ignored as the majority of mass is transported via the bulk stream, i.e. momentum transport. In addition, resolving the inlet velocity profile was of prime importance for accurate simulation of ventilating flows and prediction of contaminant washout. This was done by including the inlet duct geometry in the computational domain. In addition, it was found that despite different flow rates, the predicted contaminant washout took approximately 12-13% longer than predicted assuming instantaneous mixing. Furthermore, percent error between computational and experimental data as low as -5.32% shows that CFD is a useful tool for studying ventilation phenomena.
Polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and breast cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II cohort.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and is over-expressed in breast cancer. At least four polymorphisms in the VEGF gene have been associated with changes in VEGF expression levels: -2578C/A, -1154G/A and -634G/C are all located in the promoter region; and +936C/T is located in the 3'-untranslated region. We examined the association between these four VEGF polymorphisms and risk for breast cancer among postmenopausal women in CPS-II (Cancer Prevention Study II) Nutrition Cohort. This cohort was established in 1992 and participants were invited to provide a blood sample between 1998 and 2001. Included in this analysis were 501 postmenopausal women who provided a blood sample and were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 2001 (cases). Control individuals were 504 cancer-free postmenopausal women matched to the cases with respect to age, race/ethnicity, and date of blood collection (controls). We found no association between any of the polymorphisms examined and overall breast cancer risk. However, associations were markedly different in separate analyses of invasive cancer (n = 380) and in situ cancer (n = 107). The -2578C and -1154G alleles, which are both hypothesized to increase expression of VEGF, were associated with increased risk for invasive breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.14 for -2578 CC versus AA; OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02–2.64 for -1154 GG versus AA) but they were not associated with risk for in situ cancer. The +936C allele, which is also hypothesized to increase VEGF expression, was not clearly associated with invasive breast cancer (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.88–1.67 for +936 CC versus TT/CT), but it was associated with reduced risk for in situ cancer (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93 for CC versus TT/CT). The -634 C/G polymorphism was not associated with either invasive or in situ cancer. Our findings provide limited support for the hypothesis that the -2578C and -1154G VEGF alleles are associated with increased risk for invasive but not in situ breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Clinical correlates and treatment of bone/joint pain and difficulty with sexual arousal in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Bone/joint pain and difficulty with sexual arousal are prevalent, frequently severe, and potentially treatable in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. However, the mediators and adequacy of treatment for these symptoms have been less well studied. We sought to assess the clinical correlates and treatment of these symptoms in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Using the Dialysis Symptom Index, we assessed the presence and severity of bone/joint pain and difficulty with sexual arousal in 75 patients on chronic hemodialysis. Associations of demographic and clinical variables with these 2 symptoms were assessed. We also recorded the use of analgesics for bone/joint pain and, among men, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for difficulty with sexual arousal. Twenty-eight patients (37%) reported bone/joint pain, of whom 20 (71%) described it as moderate to severe. Nineteen of 50 male patients (38%) reported difficulty with sexual arousal, which was described as moderate to severe by 15 (79%). Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were not correlated with bone/joint pain. Among men, there were no correlations between patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and difficulty with sexual arousal. Only 48% of patients with bone/joint pain were receiving analgesics, while 21% of men who described difficulty with sexual arousal were receiving phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Demographic, clinical, and dialysis-related variables are poorly correlated with bone/joint pain and difficulty with sexual arousal. However, these symptoms are prevalent and under-treated, which should spur efforts to assess the impact of improving provider assessment and treatment of these symptoms on patient outcomes, including health-related quality of life.
DEVELOPMENTS IN SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, 1945–53

IN THE STRONG COMPETITION for savings funds in the postwar period, the savings and loan associations are showing a rate of growth considerably more rapid than any of their competitors.' The extraordinary growth of these associations has made them an increasingly important factor in the fields of savings institutions and home mortgage financing. Many of the recent developments and current problems faced by these associations are of special interest to competing institutions and to the investing public. Table 1 presents a condensed statement of condition of all savings
Human Cytomegalovirus Induces the Activity and Expression of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase, a Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Enzyme Whose Inhibition Attenuates Viral Replication

We have previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection induces large-scale changes to host cell glycolytic, nucleic acid, and phospholipid metabolism. Here we explore the viral mechanisms involved in fatty acid biosynthetic activation. Our results indicate that HCMV targets ACC1, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, through multiple mechanisms. HCMV infection was found to activate ACC1 expression, increasing the abundance of both ACC1 mRNA and protein. Viral gene expression but not viral DNA replication was found to be necessary for HCMV-mediated induction of ACC1 levels. HCMV infection was also found to increase the proteolytic processing of SREBP-2, a transcription factor whose proteolytic cleavage is known to activate a variety of phospholipid metabolic genes. Processing of SREBP-2 was found to be dependent on mTOR activity; pharmaceutical inhibition of mTOR blocked HCMV-induced SREBP-2 processing and prevented the induction of fatty acid biosynthesis and ACC1 expression. Independent of the increases in ACC1 expression, HCMV infection also induced ACC1's enzymatic activity. Inhibition of ACC1 through either RNA interference (RNAi) or inhibitor treatment was found to attenuate HCMV replication, and HCMV replication was sensitive to ACC1 inhibition even at the later stages of infection, suggesting a late role for fatty acid biosynthesis during HCMV replication. These findings indicate that HCMV infection actively modulates numerous functional aspects of a key metabolic regulatory enzyme that is important for high-titer viral replication.
Forecasting methods for conflict situations

In 1975, a consortium sponsored by the Argentine government tried to purchase the stock of the Britishowned Falkland Islands Company, a monopoly that owned 43 percent of the land in the Falklands, employed 51 per cent of the labor force, had a monopoly on all wool exports, and operated the steamship run to South America. The stockholders were willing to sell especially because the Argentine consortium was reportedly willing to pay “almost any price.” But the British government stepped in to prevent the sale, (Murray N. Rothbard, as quoted in The Wall Street Journal, 8 April 1982). In my opinion, the actual solution in the Falklands War left both sides worse off than before. In contrast, a sale of the Falklands would have benefited both sides in the short run, and, as companies seldom wage shooting wars, this would probably have been a good long-range solution. Apparently, Britain did not predict how the Argentine generals would act when it blocked the sale, and the Argentine generals did not predict how Britain would respond when they occupied the islands. Accurate forecasting by each side in this situation might have led to a superior solution.
The major electrolyte disorders of congestive heart failure

Summary The major electrolyte disorders of CHF are hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. The pathophysiology of CHF itself fosters the development of these disorders, and diuretic therapy, required in the management of most CHF patients, greatly enhances the prevalence and severity of these electrolyte disturbances. In addition to reflecting important underlying pathophysiologic processes (eg, intense neurohormonal activation), the clinical relevance of the major electrolyte disorders in CHF resides in their association with a less favorable cardiac-hemodynamic status and clinical course and in their role of provoking severe or catastrophic events (eg, syncope, sudden death). In the life-threatening milieu of CHF (eg, diseased myocardium, high sympathetic tone), the recognition and treatment of hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia represent important aspects in the optimal management of this condition. Although electrolyte abnormalities represent just one aspect of the management of CHF, more research is needed in this area. Information is not complete in human CHF regarding the mechanisms for their development, their full clinical significance and so forth. In addition, the metabolism, status, role and clinical significance of other ions (eg, calcium, iron, trace elements) are virtually unexplored in human CHF.
On the breakup of an air bubble injected into a fully developed turbulent flow. Part 2. Size PDF of the resulting daughter bubbles

Based on energy principles, we propose a statistical model to describe the bubble size probability density function of the daughter bubbles resulting from the shattering of a mother bubble of size D0 immersed in a fully developed turbulent water flow. The model shows that the bubble size p.d.f. depends not only on D0, but also on the value of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy of the underlying turbulence of the water, e. The phenomenological model is simple, yet it predicts detailed experimental measurements of the transient bubble size p.d.f.s performed over a range of bubble sizes and dissipation rates e in a very consistent manner. The agreement between the model and the experiments is particularly good for low and moderate bubble turbulent Weber numbers, Wet = ρΔu2(D0)D0/σ where the assumption of the binary breakup is shown to be consistent with the experimental observations. At larger values of Wet, it was found that the most probable number of daughter bubbles increases and the assumption of tertiary breakup is shown to lead to a better fit of the experimental measurements.
Software implementation of detection algorithms for the MCSA

The NASA Multichannel Spectrum Analyzer (MCSA) supplies data in several formats and in a wide range of frequency resolutions. To decide if an extraterrestrial signal is present, this data is searched using detection algorithms particularly sensitive to signals concentrated in frequency and/or time. The algorithms, whose ultimate sensitivities are determined by theoretical considerations, are also constrained by available computing power. At present, practical detection of repetitive pulses is possible at an average power about five times lower than that for incoherent CW detection. After a period of field testing, the best detection algorithms, presently implemented in software, will be converted to hardware to increase their speed.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Modulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity in the Heart of Conscious Rabbits During the Late Phase of Ischemic Preconditioning

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to mediate the cardioprotective effects of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning (PC); however, the signaling pathways involved in COX-2 induction following ischemic PC are unknown. In addition, although inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been identified as a co-mediator of late PC together with COX-2, the interaction between iNOS and COX-2 in the heart is unknown. Using conscious rabbits, we found that the induction of COX-2 expression 24 hours after ischemic PC was blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), Src protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) but not by inhibitors of NOS or scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The selective iNOS inhibitors SMT and 1400W, given 24 hours after PC, abrogated the increase in myocardial prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-PGF1α, whereas the selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ had no effect. COX-2 selective inhibitors (celecoxib and NS-398) did not affect...
Evidence-Based Instructional Leadership in Community Colleges: A Conceptual Approach.

Instructional leadership remains a complicated and debated issue for education. In fact, traditional theories of leadership from within both education and the organizational sciences increasingly face criticism. Drawing from ideas applicable to differentiated contexts of learning, this article develops an alternative model of instructional leadership for two-year, community colleges. It focuses on the potential and need for establishing a reciprocal relationship between administration and faculty in order to achieve effective instructional strategies through a pragmatic and research-based teaching practice that begins in the classroom. The model is itself justified through an analysis of literature on action research, organizational theory, community college strategic planning documents, and Carnegie Foundation recommendations.
Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is a latent viral protein that is expressed in all EBV-immortalized lymphocytes and plays an essential role in immortalization y EBV. EBNA-1 protein is required for replication and maintenance of the episomal viral genome in latently infected, immortalized cells. Given the essential function of EBNA-1 in immortalization, we have examined the effect of EBNA-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on expression of EBNA-1 protein and proliferation in EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells. We have shown that exposure to unmodified antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of codons 6 through 10 of EBNA-1 partially suppressed EBNA-1 protein expression in EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells relative to untreated cells or cells exposed to two scrambled sequences of the EBNA-1 antisense. Furthermore, EBNA-1 antisense inhibited proliferation of EBV- immortalized cells by at least 50% compared with the scrambled antisense sequences. There was no difference in the effect of antisense and scrambled antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on the proliferation of EBV-negative cells, indicating that the antiproliferative effect of EBNA-1 antisense was EBV-specific. These findings underscore the essential role of EBNA-1 in immortalization and, furthermore, have potential therapeutic implications for EBV-associated neoplastic diseases.
Postoperative outcome of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: case series and systematic review.

Background Despite its accessible superficial location, the indication for surgical evacuation in cases of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (LICH) suspected to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is controversial because of advanced patient age and concerns about postoperative hemostasis. Objective To examine factors associated with postoperative outcome in CAA-related LICH. Methods Review of consecutive patients with pathologically proven CAA who underwent LICH evacuation at Saint Marys Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, between 1987 and 2006. End points were length of stay and postoperative outcome at discharge and last follow-up using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. We also performed a systematic review of all published studies evaluating the outcome of surgically treated CCA-related LICH published between 1984 and 2010. Results We identified 23 patients with CAA-related LICH treated surgically. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale >3) at discharge was noted in 5 patients (22%), and at 6- to 12-month follow-up (n = 15) in 7 patients (47%). Three (13%) died in the hospital, including 1 of 4 patients with postoperative hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was associated with poor outcome at discharge. Older age (≥75 years), history of hypertension, and degree of preoperative midline shift were associated with more prolonged length of stay. In our systematic review, we identified 14 studies including 278 cases. Overall mortality rate was 25%, and poor postoperative outcome was associated with older age, IVH, and preoperative dementia. Conclusion Neurosurgical evacuation may be performed with acceptable safety in patients with CAA-related LICH. A systematic literature review indicates that older age, preexistent dementia, and presurgical IVH portend poor postoperative outcome.
The Myths Within Anticorruption Policies

Public corruption is and will continue to be a notable issue of governance. Outcomes of past reform initiatives suggest that corruption is unresponsive to simplistic anticorruption constructs. The ...
Father José María Luis Mora, Liberalism, and the British and Foreign Bible Society in Nineteenth-Century Mexico

Father Jose Maria Luis Mora, infamous as an advocate for political liberalism during inchoate Mexico’s struggle for nationhood, worked through a myriad of channels to bring about change in his country. Educated and ordained as a secular priest, he was both professor and librarian at the prestigious Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City, but found time to author five volumes of collected essays and edit three periodicals. His national acclaim rests with his career as lawyer, politician, and political theorist. Not all of his contemporaries recognized that he also became a Bible merchant during the second quarter of the nineteenth century.
Active vibration control of structures using a leader–follower-based consensus design:

This paper proposes a new leader–follower-based consensus vibration controller to actively suppress unwanted oscillations in distributed-parameter flexible structures. Actuation and sensing is performed via piezoelectric layers in a collocated sense. The actuator/sensor patches for the vibration control system are considered to collaborate in a network, and follow a virtual leader which is accessible to all agents. Hence, a vibration controller law is defined, to remove disagreement between agents and force the agents to follow the virtual leader. The proposed approach is an observer-based design, in which an optimal consensus state estimator is initially designed. Stability of the closed-loop system is investigated and the optimality conditions of the system are derived. Although the designed vibration controller could be implemented for suppression tasks in different distributed-parameter systems, a flexible clamped-clamped beam is used here for equation derivation and numerical performance verification...
The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is essential for activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Angiotensin II and phorbol ester increased superoxide/H2O2 generation in PMVECs, AMs, and isolated lungs from wild-type (WT) mice, but had much less effect on cells or lungs from Prdx6-null or Prdx6-D140A-knock-in mice that lack the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) of Prdx6; addition of either lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to cells restored their oxidant generation. The generation of LPC by PMVECs required Prdx6-PLA2 We propose that Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation by generation of LPC that is converted to LPA by the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX/lysoPLD). Inhibition of lysoPLD with HA130 (cells,10 μM; lungs, 20 μM; IC50, 29 nM) decreased agonist-induced oxidant generation. LPA stimulates pathways regulated by small GTPases through binding to G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). The LPAR blocker Ki16425 (cells, 10 μM; lungs, 25 μM; Ki, 0.34 μM) or cellular knockdown of LPAR type 1 decreased oxidant generation and blocked translocation of rac1 to plasma membrane. Thus, Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation through generation of LPC for conversion to LPA; binding of LPA to LPAR1 signals rac activation.-Vazquez-Medina, J. P., Dodia, C., Weng, L., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A., Feinstein, S. I., Chatterjee, S., Fisher, A. B. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.
Black on Black: Childress, Baraka, Bullins, Kennedy

When the word ‘black’ dislodged ‘negro’, a radical self-examination was forced upon the United States, and this was reflected in theatre. Loraine Hansberry’s Raisin in the Sun (1959) seemed to hold promise for negro playwrights as well as actors: her cast included actor-playwrights Ossie Davis, Lonne Elder, Douglas Turner Ward. Only two years later Jean Genet’s The Blacks exploded Off-Broadway, with then-unknown performers who have since attained celebrity — Roscoe Lee Browne, Godfrey Cambridge, Charles Gordone, James Earl Jones, Cicely Tyson. By the end of the three-year run of The Blacks (with cast replacements), the Negro Ensemble Company had been founded and funded in New York City.
Insect Pollinators in Iowa Cornfields: Community Identification and Trapping Method Analysis

Availability of mass flowering plants in landscapes dominated by agriculture can have a strong positive impact on the density of generalist, native pollinators. Row-crop production in Iowa accounts for 75% of the arable acres, with corn, Zea mays, representing the majority of hectares planted. To date, there has been no description of the insect pollinator community found within Iowa cornfields. We report a field study to determine the optimal sampling methodology to characterize the community of insect pollinators within cornfields. During 2012 and 2013, 3,616 insect pollinators representing 51 species were captured using bee bowls, and 945 individuals representing 10 species were captured using sticky cards. We examined the effects of trap type, height, and bowl color on the described community. Bee bowls captured a more abundant and species rich community than sticky cards with all species captured on sticky cards also present in bee bowls. Traps deployed at the height of the tassels describe a more abundant and species rich community of pollinators than traps at ear height (2x as many individuals) or ground height (4x as many individuals). Blue bowls captured more bees than white (2.75x as many individuals) or yellow bowls (3.5x as many individuals); and yellow bowls captured more flies than white (2x as many individuals) or blue (2.3x as many individuals). To provide the most complete description of the community of insect pollinators using cornfields as a resource, we suggest sampling-using bee bowls at the height of the tassels using all three bee bowl colors.
The Structural Basis for Cdc42-Induced Dimerization of IQGAPs

In signaling, Rho-family GTPases bind effector proteins and alter their behavior. Here we present the crystal structure of Cdc42·GTP bound to the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-related domain (GRD) of IQGAP2. Four molecules of Cdc42 are bound to two GRD molecules, which bind each other in a parallel dimer. Two Cdc42s bind very similarly to the Ras/RasGAP interaction, while the other two bind primarily to "extra domain" sequences from both GRDs, tying the GRDs together. Calorimetry confirms two-site binding of Cdc42·GTP for the GRDs of both IQGAP2 and IQGAP1. Mutation of important extra domain residues reduces binding to single-site and abrogates Cdc42 binding to a much larger IQGAP1 fragment. Importantly, Rac1·GTP displays only single-site binding to the GRDs, indicating that only Cdc42 promotes IQGAP dimerization. The structure identifies an unexpected role for Cdc42 in protein dimerization, thus expanding the repertoire of interactions of Ras family proteins with their targets.
Empirical reliability requirements allocation method based on industrial data

Today, to cope with the complexity of the global organisation, the industrial companies need to be more structured. New processes have to be developed to meet the more and more ambitious quality requirements. A new problematic arises: what is needed to offer all the customers a product that meets the quality requirements of a local market? The main objective of this paper is to propose a reliability allocation method that matches the market specifications and customer satisfaction. This is in contrast with the traditional allocation methods which are often time-consuming to implement or do not focus on customer satisfaction for the definition of the reliability targets. The method we propose here is inspired from the reliability allocation method and is formulated as a feasibility problem. In this context, the notion of optimality of the solution is not being sought; the objective is 'only' to find out a solution that satisfies the global target reliability. This allows determining some local reliability targets in accordance with industrial data.
A Content Analysis of Literature on Trans People and Issues 2002–2012

This study provides a content analysis of more than a decade (2002–2012) of academic scholarship about trans people and issues. A total of 960 trans-focused publications were coded; there was a close balance of nonempirical (54%) and empirical (46%) publications. The analyses revealed that the literature on trans people and issues is growing, although many publications include trans people and issues nominally without substantive attention. The analyses also pointed to underutilized research designs and methodologies, the need for more clear assessment and more consistent reporting of demographic characteristics, and topics that warrant further attention. Specifically, literature on trans people and issues continues to be needed on the topics of focus thus far, such as psychological and identity-related distress. Scholarship is also needed to address important topics that have been understudied, including self-harm and suicide, positive functioning and mental health promoting factors, developmental issues...
Team trust over time: Modeling reciprocal and contextual influences in action teams

Abstract Team trust is increasingly being recognized as important for team performance, but little is currently understood about how it develops and evolves over the course of a team's lifespan. Because trust and related team constructs are inherently dynamic, this represents a critical gap in the literature that needs to be addressed before team trust can be fully understood and effectively facilitated in practice. Of particular relevance to these gaps are action teams – those that come together to perform under time-constrained, yet often high-stakes conditions. While scholars have begun to explore how trust develops in these contexts, little is understood about how it evolves over time. As such, we propose a theoretical model of team trust in action teams that incorporates its dynamic nature, models the reciprocal relationship between team trust and team performance, delineates unique mediating pathways based on the team's progression in the multiphasic performance cycle, and considers the role of moderating influences that may strengthen or attenuate the impact of performance feedback on subsequent team trust. Specific research implications are discussed, providing a rich foundation for future empirical studies, and ultimately, the generation of evidence-based interventions for facilitating trust as teams cycle through multiple performance episodes over time.
Teaching at the Crossroads of Faith and School: The Teacher as Prophetic Pragmatist

What happens at the crossroads where secular education encounters religious faith? Is it a safe passage on different tracks separated by Jefferson’s wall or is it sometimes an existential train wreck? I once jokingly asked a colleague in the small rural junior college where I teach how he, like myself the product of a graduate education in the humanities and a rural culture steeped in evangelical and fundamentalist Christianity, could be a Southern Baptist deacon and at the same time one of the most literate and open-minded members of our faculty. His semi-serious reply was intriguing: “I often thank God that I became a Christian before I got an education.” In this reply I believe my colleague made four implicit claims: 1) His faith is the core of his identity, 2) His education was vital to his personal and intellectual fulfillment, 3) His faith and education often conflicted to the point that one threatened the other, and 4) It was possible to reconcile the two.
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Medicaid Beneficiaries: The Role of Physician Payment and Managed Care:

Medicaid-insured women have low rates of cancer screening. There are multiple policy levers that may influence access to preventive services such as screening, including physician payment and managed care. We examine the relationship between each of these factors and breast and cervical cancer screening among nonelderly nondisabled adult Medicaid enrollees. We combine individual-level data on Medicaid enrollment, demographics, and use of screening services from the Medicaid Analytic eXtract files with data on states' Medicaid-to-Medicare fee ratios and estimate their impact on screening services. Higher physician fees are associated with greater screening for comprehensive managed care enrollees; for enrollees in fee-for-service Medicaid, the findings are mixed. Patient participation in primary care case management is a significant moderator of the relationship between physician fees and the rate of screening, as interactions between enrollee primary care case management status and the Medicaid fee ratio are consistently positive across models of screening.
Acoustic properties and density of polyurea at pressure up to 13.5 GPa through Brillouin scattering spectroscopy

Brillouin scattering was performed on an elastomeric polyurea, an important technological polymer. Being widely used for impact modification, of particular interest is its response to extreme pressure conditions. We applied pressures up to 13.5 GPa using a diamond anvil cell and measured the longitudinal and transverse sound velocities via Brillouin light scattering. From these data, the equation of state, the elastic moduli, and Poisson's ratio were obtained. By comparison with previous dilatometry measurements up to 1 GPa, we show how viscoelastic effects can be accounted for in order to obtain an accurate equation of state. Because of the extreme strain-rate hardening of vitrifying polyurea, the property changes associated with its solidification are more subtle in the high frequency Brillouin data than observed in conventional mechanical testing and dilatometry.Brillouin scattering was performed on an elastomeric polyurea, an important technological polymer. Being widely used for impact modification, of particular interest is its response to extreme pressure conditions. We applied pressures up to 13.5 GPa using a diamond anvil cell and measured the longitudinal and transverse sound velocities via Brillouin light scattering. From these data, the equation of state, the elastic moduli, and Poisson's ratio were obtained. By comparison with previous dilatometry measurements up to 1 GPa, we show how viscoelastic effects can be accounted for in order to obtain an accurate equation of state. Because of the extreme strain-rate hardening of vitrifying polyurea, the property changes associated with its solidification are more subtle in the high frequency Brillouin data than observed in conventional mechanical testing and dilatometry.
Eclectic Styles and Classical Performance: Motivation and Self-Efficacy Belief at Two Summer Music Camps:

String teachers and scholars have suggested that classically trained students may be motivated to engage in eclectic (e.g., rock, pop, jazz, groove, folk) styles. However, we do not fully understan...
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Yeast. Mechanisms of Activation and Adaptation

The ability to sense and respond to mechanical stresses in the environment is almost certainly a universal feature of all cells. Although there are specialized cells (e.g., hair cells in the cochlea) for sensing mechanical stimuli, many if not all cells appear capable of detecting changes in pressure on their cell membrane. The mechanosensors for most mechanical stimuli appear to reside in the cell surface membrane. Physiological experiments have demonstrated that the activity of certain ion channels (mechanosensitive channels; Howard et al. 1988; Sachs 1989; Morris 1990), solute transporters (Wood 1988), and enzymes (Watson 1990) is regulated by mechanical stress on the cell membrane. The molecular mechanism of how mechanical stress activates such membrane proteins remains a complete mystery.
Abstract TMP33: Modulation of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Sigma Promotes Neuroregeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Due to the limitation in current treatment window for stroke, the development of delayed stroke treatment is needed. The two main cellular processes of neural repair after stroke are ...
2‐Methoxy‐1‐phenylthio‐1,3‐butadiene

[65415-13-6] C11H12OS (MW 192.30) InChI = 1S/C11H12OS/c1-3-10(12-2)9-13-11-7-5-4-6-8-11/h3-9H,1H2,2H3 InChIKey = HEIKBVYBJUEFPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E) [67315-81-5] InChI = 1S/C11H12OS/c1-3-10(12-2)9-13-11-7-5-4-6-8-11/h3-9H,1H2,2H3/b10-9+ InChIKey = HEIKBVYBJUEFPY-MDZDMXLPSA-N (Z) [60466-66-2] InChI = 1S/C11H12OS/c1-3-10(12-2)9-13-11-7-5-4-6-8-11/h3-9H,1H2,2H3/b10-9- InChIKey = HEIKBVYBJUEFPY-KTKRTIGZSA-N (Diels–Alder diene3) Physical Data: bp 85–95 °C/0.005 mmHg.1 Solubility: sol most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: the pure (Z) reagent is available in two steps from Bis(phenylthio)methane and Acrolein by an Organic Syntheses procedure (eq 1).1 Related dienes may be prepared either similarly or by O-methylation of enolates derived from sulfenylated enones.2 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the (Z) reagent should be stored in a freezer in the presence of a radical inhibitor to avoid isomerization.1