cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B9: Smartphone applications as a source of cancer information

The increasing popularity and advent of newer, better and relevant application programs (apps) has made smart phones an important source of healthcare information. This study was done to evaluate the role iPhone apps as a source of information on cancer among its users. The iTunes app store (www.apple.com/itunes) was searched for apps using the phrases cancer and oncology and a list of apps were downloaded. The search was limited to apps available for iPhones only. A total of 93 apps were downloaded and the content of each app was analyzed in detail for the kind of information, the aimed audience, scientific accuracy and usefulness of the information as determined by two independent observers. 16 apps were excluded from the study since they did not have any cancer related information. The user perceived usefulness of the apps was determined by the user ratings and reviews obtained from iTunes store and the popularity was determined by average ranking of apps (in terms of no of downloads) over past 1 year obtained from www.appfigures.com. A total of 77 apps were included in the study. Although only 25% apps were uploaded by health care agencies, more than half (54%) of the apps contained useful information that was clinically and scientifically accurate. 27% apps had useful information based on non-evidence based and anecdotal recommendations while 18% apps had misleading information with no scientific basis or rationale. 31% apps contained information about the symptoms, diagnosis and management of the disease, 21% contained information about preventive measures. 32% apps had information pertaining to news, updates and facts about the disease. 42% apps were available free of cost. 63% apps were aimed for the general population. 65% of these had information about symptoms, diagnosis, risk assessment, management and prevention of the disease and only 33% had scientifically validated information. 37% apps were aimed for health professionals, the majority of which (63%) contained information about news and updates about the disease and 95% had scientifically valid information. 66% apps were considered moderately to highly useful based on the user ratings and reviews. This percentage was significantly higher for the apps meant for general population as compared to the healthcare community. Cancers Apps were found to be increasingly popular among users. 31% apps had an average rank of under 200 over past 1 year based on the number of downloads. Most popular apps were the ones with scientifically accurate information, aimed at the general population, not uploaded by agencies related to the healthcare and contained information about prevention of the disease. iPhone apps are an important source of information about cancer and are fast becoming popular among users. Increasing the number of apps uploaded by health care agencies with scientifically accurate information would be a step in the right direction for using this media as a health promotion tool against cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B9.
Paper electrophoretic study of protein-losing secretions from explanted gastric mucosa in rats.

Summary and conclusionsGastric secretions were collected from the stomachs of rats with ligated cardia and pylorus and from the explanted gastric flaps of male rats. Explantation of gastric flaps in male rats results in atrophy of the superficial elements of the gastric glands, obliteration of glandular ducts by overgrowth of cuboidal surface epithelium, and fibrosis and superficial ulceration of the explanted mucosa.The absence of all glandular components of gastric juice from the secretion of the explants, as previously reported by other workers. was confirmed. This was true of HCl, pepsin, ‘cathepsin’ and ‘glandular mucoprotein’ and their electrophoretic correlates, components P and M1, as well as of the cathodic component X2. Conversely, the presence of gastric mucoproteose and, on paper electrophoresis, the corresponding electrophoretic band M3, confirms the surface epithelial origin of these materials. The electrophoretic patterns of secretions from explanted gastric mucosa are similar to those obse...
The Optimized Arrangement and Check of Car Shifting Operation System and Brake Control System

The shifting operation system and parking brake control system has a vital importance in the driving process, and the layout positions of both is closely related to the convenience and comfort of drivers.Combining the developing designing experience of two modes of cars and through theoretical analysis,the article summarizes a set of methods to optimized and check the shifting operation system and brake control system.
Alas, Nitrate didn’t Wait, but does it Really Matter?: Fiery Losses, Bureaucratic Cover-ups, and the Writing of Indian Film Histories from the Relics of Cinema at the National Film Archive of India

This article analyzes the nitrate film fire that took place at the National Film Archive of India (NFAI) in 2003 by locating it in the larger schema of nitrate film fires from across the world. It ...
Allied Professional Roles in the Management of Arrhythmias in the Young

Effective teamwork in pediatric electrophysiology (EP) is the key to providing high quality and patient-focused care. Individuals function optimally when they work as part of a high functioning team which encompasses respect, communication, trust, collaboration, and fosters creativity among the team members. During the past several decades the care of children and adolescents with arrhythmias has significantly improved. These advances are largely technological, including catheter ablation as first-line therapy for many childhood arrhythmias as well as the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, often genetically mediated or occurring in adolescents and young adults who have survived complex congenital heart surgery. The complex technologies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric arrhythmias necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and a skilled, knowledgeable electrophysiology team. Effective, competent allied professionals are essential to the function of the EP team. The many different roles of allied professional team include EP technicians, nurses, and advance practice nurses.
Epigenetic basis of sensitization to stress, affective episodes, and stimulants: implications for illness progression and prevention.

Objectives The process of sensitization (increased responsivity) to the recurrence of stressors, affective episodes, and bouts of substance abuse that can drive illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders requires a memory of and increased reactivity to the prior exposures. A wealth of studies now supports the postulate that epigenetic mechanisms underlie both normal and pathological memory processes. Methods We selectively reviewed the literature pertinent to the role of epigenetics in behavioral sensitization phenomena and discuss its clinical implications. Results Epigenetics means above genetics and refers to environmental effects on the chemistry of DNA, histones (around which DNA is wound), and microRNA that change how easily genes are turned on and off. The evidence supports that sensitization to repeated stressor, affective episodes, and substance is likely based on epigenetic mechanisms and that these environmentally based processes can then become targets for prevention, early intervention, and ongoing treatment. Sensitization processes are remediable or preventable risk factors for a poor illness outcome and deserve increased clinical, public health, and research attention in the hopes of making the recurrent unipolar and bipolar affective disorders less impairing, disabling, and lethal by suicide and increased medical mortality. Conclusions The findings that epigenetic chemical marks, which change in the most fundamental way how genes are regulated, mediate the long-term increased responsivity to recurrent stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse should help change how the affective disorders are conceptualized and move treatment toward earlier, more comprehensive, and sustained pharmacoprophylaxis.
St Anne in Renaissance Music: Devotion and Politics

Devotion to St Anne, the apocryphal mother of the Virgin Mary, reached its height in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Until now, Anne's reception history and political symbolism during this period have been primarily discussed through the lens of art history. This is the first study to explore the music that honoured the saint and its connections to some of the most prominent court cultures of western Europe. Michael Alan Anderson examines plainchant and polyphonic music for St Anne, in sources both familiar and previously unstudied, to illuminate not only Anne's wide-ranging intercessional capabilities but also the political force of the music devoted to her. Whether viewed as a fertility aide, wise mother, or dynastic protector, she modelled a number of valuable roles that rulers reflected in the music of their devotional programmes to project their noble lineage and prestige.
Abstract 3500: Mitochondrially targeted p53 domains as a stand alone or adjunct to paclitaxel for the treatment of ovarian cancer

Although the main function of p53 is a nuclear transcription factor that has important roles in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis, p53 can directly trigger the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through the mitochondria. p53 has been known to bind to mitochondrial anti-apoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bak and Bax), which will cause the oligomerization of Bak and Bax. The result is the formation of permeable pores on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which in turn cause the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Targeting p53 to the mitochondria is an attractive approach because it can cause a rapid apoptotic response. We have introduced the mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS) from Bak or Bax to the C-terminus of p53 and have shown the superior efficacy of p53-BakMTS and p53-BaxMTS over wtp53 in many human cancer cell lines. We have identified that the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 may be the minimal domain of p53 required for apoptosis. Our preliminary data in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells also suggests that DBD-BakMTS may work just as well as full length p53-BakMTS. In addition to BakMTS and BaxMTS, attaching pro-apoptotic factors such as Noxa or Bid to p53 has created a chimeric gene construct that show superior cell death activity than wide type p53. Our goal is to use a novel version of p53 directed to the mitochondria as a direct apoptogen to treat ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecological malignancy with 69% of patients succumbing to this disease. Our next step will be to test these constructs in vivo using the syngeneic ID8 mouse model. To determine the activity of these mitochondrially targeted p53 constructs, TMRE, 7-AAD, and caspase 3/7 assays were performed in many human ovarian cancer cell lines including SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, Kuramochi, and mouse ovarian ID8 cells that have been transfected with our constructs. In all of our cell death and apoptotic assays, p53-Bax-MTS, p53-BakMTS, and p53-Noxa are always superior to wide type p53, regardless of the p53 status of the cells. Furthermore, we have also tested the possibility of combining our p53 constructs with paclitaxel, the current standard of care for ovarian cancer. Our p53 constructs showed a synergistic effect with paclitaxel and was able to reduce its IC5, indicating the possibility of dose-lowering of this highly toxic drug. Our ultimate goal is to use mitochondrially targeted p53 constructs that directly induce apoptosis alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Acknowledgements: NIH CA151847 Citation Format: Phong Lu, Carol S. Lim. Mitochondrially targeted p53 domains as a stand alone or adjunct to paclitaxel for the treatment of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3500.
The Coastal Defense Navy Hierarchy

This chapter presents the research findings within the context of the objectives outlined at the beginning of this book. Specific objectives which this chapter addresses include: the identification of coastal defense navies as a unique type of naval force distinguishable from the other four types of navies; the identification of general characteristics which are common to coastal defense navies as a group; the establishment of a coastal defense navy hierarchy to facilitate the examination of differences among these navies; and the identification of similarities and differences among coastal defense navies on the basis of regional comparisons.
A New Method for Evaluating Weak Leakage Gamma-Ray Dose Using a 3″φ×3″NaI (T1) Scintillation Spectrometer (II)

Applying the leakage gamma-ray which energy exceeding primary gamma-ray of K-40, namely 1.46MeV, a method previously reported, this is, three component method is still not satisfactory. Therefore, a better approach for expanding applicable energy range was examined. The result of measurements showed that there was sufficiently a correlation between background exposure rate and concentration of Th. The present method by background exposure rate was estimated from only concentration of Th contained in environment was practically usable technique. Though the measured error will increase, applicable energy range of three component method could expanded to about 2.5MeV by this technique.
A High Resolution Epigenomic Map of Myelofibrosis Reveals Multiple Chromosomal Deletions and Amplifications Accompanied by a High Level of Functionally Important Methylation.

Abstract Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder that leads to progressive marrow fibrosis and peripheral cytopenias. Very little is known about the role of chromosomal alterations and DNA methylation in the pathobiology of this disease. We used a combination of gene expression analysis, high density array based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and genome wide methylation analysis to perform an integrated genomic analysis of MF. Gene expression analysis was performed using 37K oligo maskless arrays and high density aCGH was performed at 6Kb resolution using Nimblegen platform. Whole genome methylation was analyzed by a recently described novel method ( Khulan et al, Genome Res. 2006 Aug;16(8)) that uses differential methylation specific digestion by HpaII and MspI followed by pcr amplification, two color labeling and hybridization to quantitatively determine individual promoter CpG island methylation. aCGH revealed a very high number of microdeletions (range 622–1148, mean ± SD 555±144 ) and amplifications (range 463–770, mean ± SD 781±246) in a pilot study conducted in 4 patients with MF. Twenty three common regions were found to amplified in all patients which included regions of chr3p25, chr8p21, chr12q24, chr14q32, chr17p13 and chr17q12, which code for a novel set of genes including B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7A, GTPase activating Rap, BRF1 and others. Five regions were found to be commonly deleted in all samples (chr1q31, chr5q12, chr20p13, chrXq21, chrXq28). Thirty eight DNA segments were found to be deleted and 142 amplified in 75% of the samples. Several potential pathogenic genes encoding for transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors were found to be coded by these segments. A custom human oligo array was used to determine methylation by calculating HpaII/MspI cut fragment intensity ratio. All patient samples had a very high level of methylation (range 64–82%, mean 72% ± 8.6%). Expression was found to be significantly decreased for the genes that were methylated (p
Relaxing the Protected Environment Has Not Adversely Impacted Early Outcome of Older Patients (≥ 50 years) with AML and HR- MDS Receiving Induction Therapy

Background : As part of our standard of care, patients (pts) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS) older than 50 years undergoing induction remission therapy (IC) are offered to be admitted to rooms in the “Protected Environment” (PE) unit during their therapy. The objective of this measure is to decrease the incidence of infections. Since Nov 2007 several changes were made to the PE rooms due to construction at our institution: Both units (OPE and NPE) continue with the same HEPA filtration system with air exchanged 15 times per hour. Objective : To evaluate the impact of these changes in the incidence of infections and mortality of pts admitted to the NPE. Methods : Admission to the NPE became effective Nov 2007. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of pts who were admitted to the OPE from May 2007 to October 2007 and compared to the pts who were admitted to the NPE from Nov 2007 to May 2008. Results : 42 patients were admitted to the OPE, and 32 to the NPE. No differences were found in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. The majority had AML [OPE=90% and NPE=84%, p=0.430] and Zubrod performance status ≥ 2 [83% and 91 %, OPE and NPE respectively, p= 0.363]. Median age was 64 yo (r: 31–89) for OPE pts and 60 (r: 18–79) for NPE. Ninety-five percent of the pts in OPE and 97% of the pts in the NPE received chemotherapy with cytarabine containing regimens; 43% and 47% of the pts had ANC At 4 weeks there was no difference in mortality between the two groups (1/42 and 0/32 for OPE and NPE, respectively, p=0.379). Conclusions : Although the NPE is less restrictive in protective measures against infections, it provides similar protection compared to the OPE. Induction remission mortality has not been adversely affected.
All Tapped Out: Touchscreen Interactivity and Young Children's Word Learning.

Touchscreen devices differ from passive screen media in promoting physical interaction with events on the screen. Two studies examined how young children’s screen-directed actions related to self-regulation (Study 1) and learning (Study 2). In Study 1, 30 2-year-old children’s tapping behaviors during game play were related to their self-regulation (measured using Carlson’s snack task): girls and children with high self-regulation tapped significantly less during instruction portions of an app (including object labeling) than did boys and children with low self-regulation. Older preschoolers (N = 47, aged 4 to 6 years) tapped significantly less during instruction than 2-year-olds did. Study 2 explored whether the particular way in which 170 children (2 to 4 years of age) interacted with a touchscreen app affected their learning of novel object labels. Conditions in which children tapped or dragged a named object to move it across the screen required different amounts of effort and focus, compared to a non-interactive (watching) condition. Age by sex interactions revealed a particular benefit of dragging (a motorically challenging behavior) for preschool girls’ learning compared to boys, especially for girls older than age 2. Boys benefited more from watching than dragging. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families learned more object names when dragging objects versus tapping them, possibly because tapping is a prepotent response that does not require thoughtful attention. Parents and industry experts should consider age, sex, self-regulation, and the physical requirements of children’s engagement with touchscreens when designing and using educational content.
Rapamycin decreased blood-brain barrier permeability in control but not in diabetic rats in early cerebral ischemia

Diabetes causes functional and structural changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been associated with glucose metabolism, diabetes, and altering BBB permeability. Since there is only a narrow therapeutic window (3h) for stroke victims, it is important to investigate BBB disruption in the early stage of cerebral ischemia. We compared the degree of BBB disruption in diabetic and in control rats at two hours of reperfusion after one hour of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with or without inhibition of mTOR. Two weeks after streptozotocin ip to induce diabetes, MCA occlusion was performed. In half of the rats, an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin was given for 2days before MCA occlusion. After one hour of MCA occlusion and two hours of the reperfusion, the transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid was determined to quantify degree of BBB disruption. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the Ki in the control animals. Streptozotocin increased the Ki in the ischemic-reperfused (IR-C, +22%) as well as in the contralateral cortex (CC, +40%). Rapamycin decreased the Ki in the IR-C (-32%) as well as in the CC (-26%) in the control rats. However, rapamycin did not affect Ki in the IR-C or in the CC in the diabetic rats. Our data demonstrated a greater BBB disruption in diabetes in the ischemic as well as non-ischemic cortex even in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and that acute administration of rapamycin did not significantly affect BBB permeability in diabetes. From our quantitative analysis of BBB disruption, the vulnerability of BBB in diabetes has been emphasized in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and a less important role of the mTOR pathway is suggested in altering BBB permeability in diabetes.
Attitude Control of Underactuated Multibody Spacecraft

Abstract A three dimensional reorientation problem for an underactuated multibody spacecraft is studied, Formulae for approximating the change in orientation of the base body of the spacecraft, induced by appropriately constructed small amplitude periodic joint motions, are derived. These formulae are used to construct joint motions that cause a desired reorientation maneuver to be performed within a prescribed accuracy. The computation of these joint motions requires solving a system of simple linear algebraic equations and can be efficiently implemented on-line.
Abstract 264: Beta3 Integrin Promotes Protein Ubiquitination and Prosurvival Signaling in Cardiomyocytes

Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to stress, such as increased hemodynamic load. Upon hypertrophic stimulus, β3-integrin, a cell surface receptor that mediates nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NT...
From ethnic religion to generative selves: Pentecostalism among Nikkei Brazilian migrants in Japan

Starting in the early 1990s, Brazil-derived Pentecostal denominations have flourished among Nikkei Brazilian migrant communities in Japan. While some researchers have characterized the phenomenon o...
Intersubjective intentionality, moral consciousness, and media ecology

ABSTRACTIn our current historical moment, marked by increasing technological mediation of human communication, this essay investigates the relationship between, and effects of, technological mediation on intersubjective intentionality and moral consciousness. Beginning with an explication of the phenomenological concept of intersubjective intentionality as a key component in the structure of moral consciousness, this essay then investigates how media ecology can provide insight to the effects of technological mediation and digital communication technologies on our intersubjective relationships and our moral experiences.
Actor-Partner Associations of Mindfulness and Marital Quality After Military Deployment.

Objective To explore dyadic associations between mindfulness and marital quality and gender differences in these associations—that is, the relation of each dyad member's mindfulness with his or her own marital quality and with his or her partner's marital quality. Background Recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of mindfulness for marital quality. However, associations of mindfulness and marital quality within and between partners are still unclear. In addition, despite marital challenges associated with deployment to war, the benefits of mindfulness for marital quality in military couples is unknown. Method A sample of 228 military couples after deployment of the male partner to recent conflicts in Iraq or Afghanistan completed an online survey measuring mindfulness and marital quality. Results Actor–partner interdependence analysis showed that for both men and women, greater mindfulness was associated with one's own and one's partner's higher marital quality. There were no gender differences in this pattern. Conclusion Mindfulness engenders intra- and interpersonal benefits for the marital system in men and in women after deployment to war. Implications The results emphasize the importance of a dyadic approach when examining the role of mindfulness in marital or family relations, and suggest that interventions designed to facilitate change in marital relationships in the context of deployment may benefit from integrating mindfulness-based training.
Solubility of Oxygen in Alpha Iron

The solubility of oxygen in a iron has been determined in the range between 700° and 900°C. The solubility is a function of temperature and varies from about 0.008 pct oxygen at 700°C to about 0.03 pct at 900°C. The heat of solution is approximately +15,500 cal per mol.
Chapter 2 – Phenology and Growth Cycle

The annual growth cycle of fruiting grapevines is divided into a vegetative and a reproductive cycle. Fruit production extends over 2 years: buds formed in the first year give rise to shoots bearing fruit in the second year. Seasonal growth is driven by day length and temperature, and alternates with winter dormancy. The transition from dormancy to active growth in spring is marked by bleeding of xylem sap from pruning wounds due to root pressure. Root pressure restores xylem functionality and rehydrates the dormant buds. Increasing temperature then leads to budbreak and shoot growth that is marked by apical dominance. Shoots and roots grow as long as the environment permits. The shoots form brown periderm when the days shorten in late summer, enter dormancy, and shed their leaves in autumn. Chilling temperatures release dormancy to resume growth in spring. Flower clusters are initiated in the buds in early summer, and flowers differentiate after budbreak the following spring. Double fertilization during bloom initiates the transition of flowers to berries. Berry growth follows a double-sigmoid pattern of cell division and expansion, seed growth, and final cell expansion concomitant with fruit ripening. Seedless berries have less discernible growth phases. Ripening makes berries attractive for seed dispersers to spread a vine’s genes.
Argatroban dosing in obesity.

Abstract Purpose Obesity is associated with significant alterations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The use of weight based anticoagulants such as argatroban may put obese patients at an increased risk of hemorrhagic events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate argatroban dosing requirements in obese vs non-obese patients. Methods This single-center, retrospective cohort study included patients ≥18 years with suspected HIT, treated with argatroban for ≥12 h. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2) groups. The primary outcome was the median maintenance dose required to achieve two consecutive therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin times. Results A total of 121 patients were included. The median BMI in the obese vs non-obese groups was 35.8 vs 24.05 kg/m2 (p Conclusion Obese patients require similar median argatroban maintenance doses when compared to non-obese patients. Based on these results argatroban should be dosed using actual body weight regardless of BMI.
Exercising the Aging Voice

Preventing and treating age-related voice disorders is an area of increasing clinical and research interest in our field. This article presents some fundamental concepts regarding aging, provides a...
The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: a systematic review of controlled evidence.

ABSTRACT Background Orthodontic therapy has been suggested to lead to an improved periodontal status through mechanisms such as increased ease of plaque removal and reduced occlusal trauma. The objective of the authors' systematic review was to compare contemporary orthodontic treatment with no intervention, by means of evaluating periodontal outcomes measured after end of treatment. Methods The authors completed electronic searches in eight databases (1980–2006) and hand searches in six dental journals (1980–2006). They extracted data using standardized forms and calculated weighted mean differences. Results Weak evidence from one randomized study and 11 nonrandomized studies suggested that orthodontic therapy was associated with 0.03 millimeters of gingival recession (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.04), 0.13 mm of alveolar bone loss (95 percent CI, 0.07–0.20) and 0.23 mm of increased pocket depth (95 percent CI, 0.15–0.30) when compared with no treatment. The effects of orthodontic therapy on gingivitis and attachment loss were inconsistent across studies. Conclusions This systematic review identified an absence of reliable evidence describing positive effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health. The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy results in small detrimental effects to the periodontium.
Evidence for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Transitional Cell Carcinoma in a Renal Transplant Patient

AbstractCyclophosphamide treatment has been associated with bladder cancer in a number of case reports but no causal relationship has been proved since nearly all of these patients were treated with the drug for malignant disease. We describe a patient who received cyclophosphamide after cadaveric renal transplantation to prevent rejection. Transitional cell carcinoma developed in the native bladder and in the donor transplanted ureter (20-year-old donor) 13 years later despite no identifiable risk factors. This case strengthens the argument that cyclophosphamide has a carcinogenic potential on the urinary tract epithelium. (J. Urol., 140: 1009–1011, 1988)
The Effect of Late Cenozoic Glaciation and Tectonic Uplift on Silicate Weathering Rates and the Marine 87Sr/86Sr Record

It is widely accepted that the consumption of atmospheric CO2 by silicate weathering provides a negative climate feedback mechanism, and that this mechanism has played an important role in moderating global climate over geological timescales (see e.g., Berner1). Extension of this concept to feedbacks between climate change and tectonic uplift, which are discussed in many chapters of this volume, is dependent on the assumption that glaciation and tectonic uplift lead to increased rates of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption. Both glaciation and rapid uplift are accompanied by rapid physical denudation, which exposes fresh bedrock minerals to the agents of chemical weathering. In addition, tectonic uplift may create mountain ranges capable of sustaining alpine glaciers and ice sheets, especially during glacial maxima, thus linking uplift and glaciation on geological timescales. While it is generally accepted that glaciation and uplift will lead to accelerated rates of chemical weathering as compared to regions of nonglaciated or stable topography, the magnitude of this effect has proven difficult to estimate. Taylor and Blum2 investigated the relation between soil age and silicate weathering rates and found a well-defined power law relation for young soils (≤ 138 thousand years old), suggesting that predictions could be made of the effect of glaciation and tectonic uplift on silicate weathering rates by considering the effect of these processes on average soil ages over large geographic areas.
Beyond the Silver Screen: A History of Women, Filmmaking and Film Culture in Australia 1920–1990

Mary Tomsic's selective survey of twentieth-century Australian film history makes a valuable addition to the growing catalogue of books about women's myriad and, of course, neglected contributions ...
Methodological Pluralism About Truth

This chapter analyses various truth pluralist views in the literature by their methodological commitments. I argue that truth pluralism is best interpreted as a combination of (semantic) realism and anti-realism, and as the spiritual successor to Michael Dummett’s global anti-realist programme. I introduce two ways of characterising pluralisms by how realist/anti-realist they are. I close by introducing and offering arguments in favour of what I call methodological pluralism about truth, which privileges neither its realist nor anti-realist forebears.
Humanitarian health programming and monitoring in inaccessible conflict settings: a literature review

Increasing global conflicts and risk to humanitarian aid workers have necessitated innovative approaches to deliver humanitarian assistance. Remotely managed operations aim to continue the provision of services where grave risk to expatriate staff and restrictions by authorities inhibit access. This review of peer-reviewed and gray literature identified these remote approaches and collated lessons learned and best practices for humanitarian health programming and monitoring in inaccessible conflict settings. Analysis identified key principles, including the importance of capacity building and frequent communication, comprehensively assessing and addressing the risks to national staff, increasing monitoring and evaluation efforts despite difficult conditions, and planning for the possibility of a transition to remote programming and having an exit strategy to prevent falling into the remote operations trap. Evidence on how to effectively carry out remote operations is limited; rigorous documentation and evaluation of remotely managed humanitarian operations are required to further build the evidence base.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Signaling to Achieve the Naïve Pluripotent State During Reprogramming.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived by in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells retain the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into many cell types. Pluripotency encompasses multiple states, with naive iPSCs considered as ground state, possessing high levels of self-renewal capacity and maximum potential without lineage restriction. We showed previously that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) facilitates stabilization of pluripotency during reprogramming. Here, we report that Acida-/- iPSCs, even when successfully reprogrammed, fail to achieve the naive pluripotent state and remain primed for differentiation because of a failure to suppress fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling. Although the mutant cells display marked genomic hypermethylation, suppression of FGF/ERK signaling by AICDA is independent of deaminase activity. Thus, our study identifies AICDA as a novel regulator of naive pluripotency through its activity on FGF/ERK signaling. Stem Cells 2019;37:1003-1017.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of an Electron-Rich Chiral Diaminoferrocene, (S,S)-Bis(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidinyl)ferrocene

The chiral diamine (S,S)-bis(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidinyl)ferrocene (6) was prepared from diaminoferrocene and (2R,5R)-2,5-hexanediol cyclic sulfate in the presence of a base. The short C-N bond, long Fe-C(N) bond, and planarnitrogen observed in the crystal structure of 6 are consistent with efficient N-to-Cp electron donation. The resulting electron-rich metal center (with the most negative shift in redox potential yet observed for aminoferrocenes) was characterized electrochemically.
Trust for online social media direct-to-consumer prescription medication advertisements

Abstract Objectives We are not aware of research on the association of social factors with trust for online social media direct-to-consumer prescription medication advertisements (DTCA). We study the association of race/ethnicity and social factors with online social media DTCA trust. Methods Participants (n = 665) were asked no/yes questions about their exposure to online social media DTCA advertisements from any of the following online social media platforms of Facebook, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Snapchat, Twitter, Tumblr, and YouTube. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for trust and included predictors of race/ethnicity and social factors. Results Asian/Asian American race/ethnicity (B = 6.71, SE = 1.63, p Conclusions We recommend that pharmaceutical marketers revise their current marketing policy and allocate in their budgets funding for online social media DTCA that are tailored to Asians/Asian Americans and include topics relating to bonding social capital. Pharmaceutical marketers may also want to employ easily accessible approaches for sharing online social media DTCA so that those with strong bonding social capital can connect with each other.
Finite Element Modeling of Partial Discharge Activity within a Spherical Cavity in a Solid Dielectric Material under Fast, Repetitive Voltage Pulses

Accelerated aging of insulation systems used in different apparatus under fast, repetitive voltage pulses is the most significant barrier to benefit from wide bandgap (WBG) power electronics. Frequency and slew rate which are higher for WGB devices than Si-based ones are two of the most critical factors of a voltage pulse, influencing the level of degradation of the insulation systems that are exposed to such voltage pulses. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely used to study partial discharge (PD) behavior under a power frequency (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal waveform within cavities in a solid dielectric. However, the new technologies urge the need to utilize it under square waveforms. In this paper, a FEA model of PD activity is developed. The model is used to investigate the change in the electric field distribution before and after PD occurrence and the impact of different involved parameters when repetitive voltage pulses are applied to the dielectric.
The Value of Milk Fat

In the Southeast, milk is priced based on fat and skim milk value, with additional bonuses for somatic cell and bacterial counts. In recent years, butterfat has become more valuable. This 7-page document discusses some of the history behind the changes in milk fat consumption, management factors that influence milk fat content and yield by dairy cattle, and economic implications of changing fat content through the diet in two case scenarios. Written by Jose E. P. Santos and Albert De Vries, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, January 2019. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an350
Outcome analysis on endemic fluorosis control in Gansu Province in 2006

Objective To investigate the distribution of water fluoride and the present status of water-improving defuoridation projects in the endmie fluorosis areas in Gansu Province in 2006. Methods The content of fluoride in drinking water in 18 endemic disease counties was screened, and the defluoridation projects built after the 1980s were supervised and inspected. The content of fluoride in drinking water was assessed by F-ion selective electrode. Results Fluoride content was determined in water of 6260 sources in 1252 fluorosis villages in 18 counties, with 63.50% (3975/6260)≤1.0 mg/L and 36.50%(2285/6260)>1.0 mg/L. Nine hundred and ninty-seven water-improving and clefluoridation projects had been investigated in 16 counties, among which 95.49% (952/997) were function well, and projects intermittently running or abandoned respectively accounted for 3.11% (31/997) and 1.40%(14/997). Nine hundred and eighty-three sources of water treated by the water-improving and defluoridation projects had been determined for fluoride content, it turned out that 91.76% (902/983) were within the standard, only 8.24% (81/983) were not; as for outlet and leftover water of 934 water-improving and defluoridatian projects determined for water fluoride content, qualified projects accounted for 92.08% (860/934) and 91.97%(859/934), leaving 7.92%(74/934) and 8.03%(75/934) disqualified, respectively. Water-improving and defluoridation projects mostly relied on drilling a well in gaining under-ground water or collecting surface-ground water, so under-ground water and surface-ground water are the majority. Conclusions Water fluoride content exceeds the standard in some of the villages. A few projects do not function well. Fluorosis damage still exists in Gansu Province, therefore countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as promptly as possible and surveillance on water-improving and defluoridation projects must be strengthened and managed. Key words: Fluoride poisoning; Drinking; Data collection
Leptomeningeal Disease and the Role of Intrathecal Therapy

Leptomeningeal metastasis has been on the rise in liquid and solid malignancies and is often associated with a dismal prognosis. Multifocal neurologic signs and symptoms in patients with primary malignancies should prompt clinicians to assess for leptomeningeal metastasis. Diagnostic workup includes exam, neuroimaging, and CSF analysis along with newer diagnostic markers currently being validated and in early use. Treatment includes palliative radiation therapy and/or surgery, local or systemic chemotherapy for patients with good prognosis, and targeted therapy for those harboring identified genetic alterations. Repurposing of systemically used chemotherapeutic agents intrathecally has proven successful with few agents. New treatments are currently in trial including immune therapy, radioisotope-conjugated antibodies and growth factor, and protein fusions-targeted therapy. Characterization of the molecular phenotype of LM cancer cells is currently underway, and more work is needed to address the quantification of LM disease burden in order to better assess risk and response to treatment.
Credit Frictions and Participation in Over-the-Counter Markets

Abstract This paper formalizes a Nash bargaining game between two players constrained by capacity decisions made prior to entering the negotiation. In equilibrium, strategic interactions drive capacity choices to zero and shut trade down despite the existence of gains from trade. The game is embedded in a general equilibrium model of decentralized asset trade with credit frictions to investigate the interaction between availability of credit and investors' participation, modeled through their choices of inventory and payment capacity. Partial access to credit is sufficient to restore trade. The strategic interactions between payment capacity and inventory generate endogenous heterogeneity in holdings, trade sizes and prices, and complementarity between money and credit.
Kain Hitam Cave (Painted Cave) Niah, Sarawak: The Relationship of Boat-Shaped Coffin and Rock Painting

This paper discusses the relevance that exists in a cave used as a place of residence since the time of Neolithic. This archaeological site contains important artefact that show modern civilization (homo sapiens) at the end of the Neolithic period. This research focuses on the cultural development of the ancient people through the discovery of artefact in the Kain Hitam Cave. Preliminary findings show that ritual activities have been practised. Initial conclusions indicate that the ancient people practised animism. The linkages between the two aspects are essential in giving new insight into the cultural elements they were practising years ago.
Refined equations for estimating maximum horizontal stress from borehole breakouts in vertical wells

Accurate information of in-situ stresses is critical to all deep underground engineering. Unlike the vertical stress and minimum horizontal stress, the maximum horizontal stress cannot be directly measured, instead it must be inferred from other measurements. One widely used method is to inversely compute the maximum horizontal stress from borehole breakout angle revealed by caliper log or borehole televiewer. However, theoretical derivation and numerical modeling indicate that the accuracy of the existing equation computing the maximum horizontal stress from borehole breakout needs to be improved for both impermeable and permeable boreholes and formations. The refined equations are proposed and verified in this technical note.
Manganese superoxide dismutase versus p53: the mitochondrial center

Mitochondria are important sites of myriad metabolic activities. The actions of mitochondria must be carefully synchronized with other processes in the cell to maintain cellular homeostasis. Interorganellar communication between mitochondria and the nucleus is key for coordination of these cellular functions. Numerous signaling proteins and transcription factors are affected by reactive oxygen species and aid interorganellar communication. p53 is an important tumor suppressing protein that regulates many cellular activities, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and programmed cell death. p53 carries out these functions through both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent routes at mitochondria and the nucleus. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a p53-regulated gene that is a vital antioxidant enzyme localized in the matrix of mitochondria, scavenges reactive oxygen species. Recent studies suggest that mitochondria can regulate p53 activity and that assaults on the cell that affect mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial function can influence p53 activity. Cross-talk between mitochondria and p53 is important in normal cellular functions, and a breakdown in communication among mitochondria, p53, and the nucleus may have serious consequences in disease development.
Peritoneal Exudate Lymphocyte III. Dissociation of Antigen-Reactive Lymphocytes from Antigen-Binding Cells in a T Lymphocyte Enriched Population in the Guinea Pig

Guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) are a population of highly antigen-reactive thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes that are relatively macrophage depleted (<1 to 2%). In the present study we have attempted to determine if these T lymphocytes, as a consequence of their extreme antigen sensitivity, could directly bind sufficient amounts of antigen (PPD) to become activated and thereby exhibit macrophage-independent proliferation in vitro. Using a functional assay of antigen binding we have determined that the antigen-binding ability of macrophages is so great that all of the antigen-binding in the PEL population can be accounted for by the few contaminating macrophages present in the population. Repeated passage of the PEL population over nylon-glass bead adherence columns results in a greater than 100-fold reduction in the number of residual macrophages. This degree of macrophage depletion is associated with a significant decrease in both the functional antigen-binding ability (86%) and the antigen-induced proliferative response (88%) of the highly purified PEL population. However, this loss of activity is due solely to the depletion of macrophages and not T lymphocytes, since the antigen-induced proliferation of the purified population can be restored with fresh macrophages and antigen. The data demonstrate the extreme difficulty of completely removing macrophages from a complex lymphoid population such as the PEL and ascribing with certainty and remaining function solely to its component lymphocytes rather than its macrophages. Furthermore, these studies argue against binding of functional amounts of PPD directly by T lymphocytes and suggest that antigen-binding by macrophages is an obligatory step in the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro.
A current density analysis tool to identify BEOL fails under ESD stress

BEOL Metal structures were characterized for defining ESD current handling capability, once a failure criterion is established; a current density analysis tool is used to simulate the results. The current density tool can identify metal fails for simple structures and needs update for complex current path. The tool is important for a designer to verify and update any weak path that may degrade the design.