cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From ‘our pot’ to ‘my pot’: reflections on ownership and long-term fieldwork with the Suyá/ Ksêdjê 1971-2019

This paper addresses issues of anthropological and ethnomusicological field research and changes in Suya/Ksedje concepts of ownership over a half century. It begins with a pot and moves to a discussion of a few of the issues involved in selecting a research topic and field site. It continues with a discussion of the author’s fieldwork experiences with the Suya/Ksedje Indigenous group in Brazil that the author has been visiting for almost 50 years. The paper discusses some of the advantages, disadvantages, and determinants of such long-term field research. Some things have changed a lot over 50 years and others have not changed as much. An important area of change among the Suya/Ksedje has been in the concept of “ownership and control.” Ksedje ideas have been transformed, especially during the past 20 years, by their increased contact with the market economy and their experience licensing body paint designs to a sandal company. The advantages of long-term field research, of encouraging a younger scholar to continue work with the Ksedje, and the opportunities to learn from changing concepts of ownership and fieldwork are evidenced throughout the paper and summarized in the short concluding section.
Sexual Health, Sexual Rights, and Sexual Pleasure: Meaningfully Engaging the Perfect Triangle

To improve sexual health, even in this charged political moment, necessitates going beyond biomedical approaches, and requires meaningfully addressing sexual rights and sexual pleasure. A world where positive intersections between sexual health, sexual rights and sexual pleasure are reinforced in law, in programming and in advocacy, can strengthen health, wellbeing and the lived experience of people everywhere. This requires a clear understanding of what interconnection of these concepts means in practice, as well as conceptual, personal and systemic approaches that fully recognise and address the harms inflicted on people’s lives when these interactions are not fully taken into account. Bridging the conceptual and the pragmatic, this paper reviews current definitions, the influences and intersections of these concepts, and suggests where comprehensive attention can lead to stronger policy and programming through informed training and advocacy.
Technicality in NCAA Bylaw Almosts Costs Former Marine Football Eligibility

Analysis of the NCAA's decision to allow former marine Steven Rhodes to remain eligible, and how pressure from member institutions and the general public may be causing the NCAA to take a more leniant stance regarding player eligibility.
Teaching Arabic to children and youth in the United States: between love and indictment

This bilingual qualitative study draws on translingual interviews conducted in 2017 and 2018 with seven Arabic bilingual teachers in Central Ohio, United States. The conceptual framework centers on...
Protein Expression of Alzheimer's disease- and Reduced Hippocampal Volume- Risk Loci in Human Hippocampus

We examined the protein expression of novel genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified risk alleles implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and low hippocampal volume using postmortem hippoca...
Mass Democracy in a Postfactual Market Society: Citizens United and the Role of Corporate Political Speech

This chapter addresses the problems underlying Citizens United v. FEC (2010), a case decided by the United States Supreme Court in 2010. Part I discusses political speech within a context defined by three factors: (1) electorates that are so large that speech must address them largely by using “mass media”; (2) a postfactual culture where analysis and debate often rely on distortions, misstatements, or fabrications of factual matters; and (3) a market society where effective political speech depends largely upon having the financial ability to use mass media. After discussing the legal fiction of corporate personhood, Part II argues first, that Citizens United has a reasoned basis and second, that critics allow their concern about the role of wealth in politics to divert them from addressing both the basis of the decision and other avenues of reform. Part III discusses measures to limit the role of money in politics and the problem that, in a market society, speech is always, to some extent, for sale.
University Researchers′ Views of Private Industry

Investigates the views of university researchers towards their industrial sponsors. Faculty at five American universities completed a mailed questionnaire in which they were asked about their perceptions of the rewards and costs associated with collaboration with commercial organizations. Suggests that researchers who are highly dependent on private industry support tend to indicate, on the average, more rewards and fewer costs associated with that source than do their colleagues who do not receive such support. Discusses implications of the findings from the points of view of the university administrators, the academic researchers, and the funding sources.
Flag Waving as Visual Argument: 2006 Immigration Demonstrations and Cultural Citizenship

During the 2006 immigration rallies and demonstrations, hundreds of thousands of immigrants and their supporters turned out to protest proposed immigration legislation. Flag waving was a key element of these demonstrations, in which participants employed both the U.S. flag and other national flags, most prominently Mexican flags. In this essay, we examine how flag waving functions as a visual argument that offers possibilities for establishing cultural and national citizenship and creating a visual form of refutation. Specifically, we argue that anti-immigration advocates see foreign flags as visual ideographs that represent recent immigrants' failure to assimilate, immigrants' deviant cultural practices, and failure of law enforcement. Immigrant rights advocates see foreign flags as a visual ideograph that represents cultural pride, unity, and civic participation that creates space for cultural citizenship. These oppositional tensions create a framework for understanding flag waving as a refutative process.
Plasma Endothelin-1, Cytokine, and Prostaglandin E2 Levels in Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Vaso-Occlusive Sickle Crisis

The relative contributions of microvascular inflammation and vasomotor dysregulation to the development of acute vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease have been intensely studied. The present observational study was designed to examine the levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and vasoactive mediators during and after acute painful crisis. In symptomatic sickle cell patients, plasma levels of endothelin-1 and prostaglandin E2 were elevated during crises compared with healthy African-American controls. These levels had decreased, but not normalized, when patients were seen 1 to 3 weeks after discharge from hospital. Other mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha], interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were neither elevated in asymptomatic sickle cell disease nor in acute vaso-occlusive crisis. As a potent long-acting mediator of vasoconstriction and inflammation, endothelin-1 may play a key role in the cycle of ischemia and inflammation that initiates and sustains pain of crisis. The downregulatory effects of prostaglandin E2 on immune cell function may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection observed in patients with sickle cell disease.
Stratum oriens horizontal interneurone diversity and hippocampal network dynamics

In this last decade, the combination of differential interference contrast infrared video technology and patch-clamp techniques applied to slices in vitro has allowed the routine electrophysiological recording of visually identified central neurones. This has opened the way to the possibility of preselecting GABAergic interneurones of the hippocampus on the basis of some peculiar morphological characteristics. In particular, stratum oriens 'horizontal' interneurones are easily recognizable in living hippocampal slices because of their location and bipolar/bitufted appearance. Thus, this class of cells has rapidly risen as one of the most studied in the entire hippocampus. In this review, I will try to assemble the vast electrophysiological knowledge on these interneurones into a more focused picture, which is relevant for network activity in vitro and in vivo.
Analyzing and Synthesizing Hybrid Control Systems

Embedded systems possess a hybrid structure, combining continuous-variable dynamics and logical decision-making. We study such real-world hybrid control systems and introduce a mathematical model of them. Then, we develop tools for analyzing their stability. Finally, we review the theory of optimal hybrid control and present algorithms for synthesizing optimal hybrid control systems.
The Question of Ethical Citizenship

Engaging the work of Nel Noddings and Emmanuel Levinas makes sense for one part of Guoping Zhao’s project, which is to think about the grounds for a relational ethic that is not so “ontologically particular” that it “cannot be applied or extended to general relations.” This quest for a universalizable conception of the subject is important to Zhao’s project of moving relational ethics from its preoccupation with the dyadic relationship between teacher and student to the more complicated challenge of educating young people for ethical citizenship. But this is where both Noddings and Levinas prove to be curious choices. Both are skeptical of efforts to smooth over the very real differences between the ethical, as each understands it, and the political. The demands of political life are such that the ethical is at best a perpetual question, and at worst, a devastating impossibility. This puts the very concept of “the ethical citizen” in question. This recognition of the limits of relational ethics troubles the second part of Zhao’s project, which is to harness Levinas’s thinking about subjectivity to the task of educating for ethical citizenship.
Malignant catarrhal fever in American bison (Bison bison) experimentally infected with alcelaphine herpesvirus 2

Abstract Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), due to ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), causes appreciable death loss in ranched bison ( Bison bison ) throughout North America. No vaccine exists to protect animals from disease. Since OvHV-2 has not been propagated in vitro , one strategy to develop a modified live vaccine is to use a closely related, non-pathogenic member of the malignant catarrhal fever virus family as a vector expressing potentially protective OvHV-2 epitopes. To date, no controlled experimental challenge studies with alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 (AlHV-2) derived from topi ( Damaliscus lunatus jimela ) have been reported The unique or light DNA segment of the AlHV-2 genome was sequenced and annotated and the virus was tested for its ability to infect and induce disease in American bison. Yearling bison were inoculated intranasally ( n = 4) or intramuscularly ( n = 3) with 2 × 10 −4.7 TCID 50 of AlHV-2, and monitored for infection and the development of disease. Six inoculated bison became infected with AlHV-2. Two of the six animals developed clinical signs and had gross and histological lesions consistent with terminal MCF, which differed in distribution from those in bison with MCF due to OvHV-2. One other animal developed minor clinical signs and had gross and histological pulmonary lesions consistent with early (pre-clinical) stages of MCF. Unmodified low cell culture passage AlHV-2 derived from topi is an unsuitable vaccine vector for the prevention of MCF. However, the annotated genome might be useful in identifying genes which could be deleted to potentially attenuate the virus for bison.
Engineering the Substrate Binding Site of Benzoylformate Decarboxylase

Benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFDC) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) are both thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes. The two share a common three-dimensional structure and catalyze a similar chemical reaction, i.e., decarboxylation of 2-keto acids. However, they vary significantly in their substrate utilization pattern. In particular, BFDC has extremely limited activity with pyruvate, while PDC has no activity with benzoylformate. Here we report our progress, using a semirandom approach, toward converting BFDC into an efficient pyruvate decarboxylase. From the structure of BFDC in complex with R-mandelate, 12 residues within a 5 A radius from the inhibitor molecule were selected and subjected individually to site-saturation mutagenesis. Each variant was screened for its ability to decarboxylate five different substrates, i.e., benzoylformate, 2-ketohexanoate, 2-ketopentanoate, 2-ketobutanoate, and pyruvate. The first round of mutagenesis showed that changes in Thr377 and Ala460 resulted in an altered subs...
Postcolonialism and the Dilemma of Nationalism: Aijaz Ahmad's Critique of Third-Worldism

The publication of In Theory has been eagerly awaited since 1987. That was the year in which Aijaz Ahmad made an important intervention into the fields of cultural studies and colonial discourse an...
Theory of the Influence of Environment on the Angular Distribution of Nuclear Radiation

The effect of electronic relaxation processes on the angular correlation and on the angular distribution of radiation from oriented nuclei is investigated. The influence of the environment on the radioactive nuclei is taken into account by reducing the density operator for the total system (nucleus and surroundings mutually interacting) to a density operator for the nucleus alone. Elimination of the unobserved bath variables is performed with the help of Zwanzig's projection-operator technique. The Liouville formalism is used throughout. The (initially unspecified) properties of the environment enter the theory via second-order correlation functions, which are defined in terms of equilibrium ensemble averages of certain bath operators, like, e.g., the hyperfine-field operator. The matrix elements of the nuclear-evolution operator (which is a superoperator in Liouville space) with respect to a complete orthonormal set of multipole operators are just the usual perturbation factors ${{G}_{k{k}^{\ensuremath{'}}}}^{q{q}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ of perturbed-angular-correlations theory. The consequent use of the multipole representation yields immediately the final formulas needed in the expression for both the angular distribution of radiation from oriented nuclei and the angular correlation function. The general theory includes relaxation processes due to magnetic and quadrupole interactions. The important case of purely magnetic interactions is discussed in more detail. Specialization to relaxation caused by randomly fluctuating fields yields a formula which contains both the Abragam-Pound result for time-fluctuating quadrupole interaction and Micha's extension to randomly time-varying magnetic fields in multidomain ferromagnets. Exact high-temperature solutions are presented for single crystals in a static magnetic field and with magnetic-type relaxation processes (axially symmetric case). For nuclei with spin $I=1$, the extension to arbitrary temperatures has been considered. The application of the present theory to the problem of multipole relaxation (which arises, e.g., in spin-lattice relaxation measurements with NMR/ON technique) is discussed.
33 A Mitotic Inhibitor Produced by Rubella Virus Infection of Human Fibroblasts

When infected with rubella virus, many human diploid fibroblast cell strains show mild to marked degrees of mitotic inhibition (PLOTKIN et al.: Amer.J. Epidem. 81: 71 [1965]); cell strains derived from infected fetuses divide more slowly than normal (RAWLS and MELNICK: J.exp.Med. 123: 795 [1966]); and infants congenitally infected with rubella show mitotic inhibition and growth retardation (NAEYE and BLANC : J.amer.med. Ass. 194: 1277 [1965]). In seeking an explanation for these phenomena a substance inhibiting mitosis was found in infected WI-38 cells. WI-38 cells that had gone into mitotic arrest two weeks after rubella virus infection were extracted by freeze-thawing. When freed of virus, extracts of infected cells induced mitotic inhibition of normal WI-38 cells and of a skin fibroblast cell strain. No effect was seen on continuous lines of human cells or on non-human cell lines. The inhibitory substance was trypsin-sensitive and heatlabile but was unaffected by rubella antibody, ether, ribonuclease, or deoxyribonuclease. It was not sedimentable or acid-stable and did not protect cells against the action of vesicular stomatitis virus. Concentrated rubella virus inactivated by ultra-violet irradiation did not itself produce growth inhibition. This substance offers a potential explanation for the mitotic inhibition associated with rubella virus infection in vitro and in vivo. (SPR)
Impact of automobile restraint device utilization on facial fractures and fiscal implications for plastic surgeons.

In 2009, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration projected that 33,963 people would die and millions would be injured in motor vehicle collisions (MVC). Multiple studies have evaluated the impact of restraint devices in MVCs. This study examines longitudinal changes in facial fractures after MVC as result of utilization of restraint devices. The Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation-Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study database was queried for MVCs from 1989 to 2009. Restraint device use was noted, and facial fractures were identified by International Classification of Diseases-ninth revision codes. Surgeon cost data were extrapolated. More than 15,000 patients sustained ≥1 facial fracture. Only orbital blowout fractures increased over 20 years. Patients were 2.1% less likely every year to have ≥1 facial fracture, which translated into decreased estimated surgeon charges. Increased use of protective devices by patients involved in MVCs resulted in a change in incidence of different facial fractures with reduced need for reconstructive surgery. Language: en
Is symmetry informative

Is symmetry informative? The answer is both yes and no. We examine what information and symmetry are and how they are related. Our approach is primarily mathematical, not because mathematics provides the final word, but because it provides an insightful and relatively precise starting point. Information theory treats transformations that messages undergo from source to destination. Symmetries are information that leave some property of interest unchanged. In this respect the studies of information and symmetry can both be regarded as a Quest for the identity transformation.
Integrating Image Computation in Undergraduate Level Data-Structure Education

There is a growing need for expertise both in image analysis and in software engineering. To date, these two areas have been taught separately in an undergraduate computer and information science curriculum. However, we have found that introduction to image analysis can be easily integrated in data-structure courses without detracting from the original goal of teaching data structures. Some of the image processing tasks offer a natural way to introduce basic data structures such as arrays, queues, stacks, trees and hash tables. Not only does this integrated strategy expose the students to image related manipulations at an early stage of the curriculum but it also imparts cohesiveness to the data-structure assignments and brings them closer to real life. In this paper we present a set of programming assignments that integrates undergraduate data-structure education with image processing tasks. These assignments can be incorporated in existing data-structure courses with low time and software overheads. We have used these assignment sets thrice: once in a 10-week duration data-structure course at the University of California, Santa Barbara and the other two times in 15-week duration courses at the University of South Florida, Tampa.
Absenteeism and Undergraduate Exam Performance

Abstract The author investigates the relationship between students' absenteeism during a principles of microeconomics course and their subsequent performance on exams. Records were maintained regarding the specific class periods that each student missed during the semester. Records were also kept of the class meeting when the material corresponding to each multiple-choice test question was covered. A qualitative choice model reveals that students who missed class on a given date were significantly more likely to respond incorrectly to questions relating to material covered that day than students who were present.
Non-destructive estimation of canopy gap fractions and shrub canopy volume of dominant shrub species in the Mojave desert

Variability of desert shrub canopy volume or above ground biomass can provide a useful metric for assessment of the response of desert shrubs to vehicular impacts, and can be used to determine the recovery and resiliency of different desert plant communities to such impacts. Traditional methods for measuring desert shrub canopy volume are inefficient and require destructive sampling. Field sampling methods that eliminate the need for destructive sampling are required to measure the vertical structure of desert shrubs for the purpose of measuring shrub volumes. Plant canopy analyzers and hemispheric photographs have been analyzed for the purpose of estimating canopy characteristics in forested and agricultural environments, but the utility of such instruments for measuring vertical structure of desert shrubs has not been fully explored. In this research, plant canopy gap fractions were estimated for 96 shrubs in the Mojave Desert using both a Li-Cor LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer and skyward looking hemispheric photographs collected with a digital camera with a fisheye lens attached. Gap fraction estimates from both estimates were comparable and no significant difference was found between estimates collected with both instruments. The LAI was identified as the preferred method for measuring gap fractions due to superior efficiency in data collection and processing. Using gap fractions recorded with the LAI, a model was developed to estimate the volume of desert shrub canopies that utilizes a combination of non-destructive, in situ measurements of plant canopy height and width and estimates of canopy area derived from remotely sensed imagery.
Cytochrome C reductase activity of meningopneumonitis organisms at different stages of development.

SummaryPurified suspensions of both mature infectious elementary bodies and intermediate reproductive reticulate bodies of meningopneumonitis organisms were tested for NADH-cytochrome C reductase activity. Both intact and disrupted suspensions of reticulate bodies showed a relatively high enzyme activity. Intact elementary body preparations showed very low activity, but a 12-fold increase occurred when the organisms were disrupted by sonic treatment. The results indicate difference in envelope or membrane permeability at different developmental stages.
Strategies for mHealth research: lessons from 3 mobile intervention studies

The capacity of Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies to propel healthcare forward is directly linked to the quality of mobile interventions developed through careful mHealth research. mHealth research entails several unique characteristics, including collaboration with technologists at all phases of a project, reliance on regional telecommunication infrastructure and commercial mobile service providers, and deployment and evaluation of interventions “in the wild”, with participants using mobile tools in uncontrolled environments. In the current paper, we summarize the lessons our multi-institutional/multi-disciplinary team has learned conducting a range of mHealth projects using mobile phones with diverse clinical populations. First, we describe three ongoing projects that we draw from to illustrate throughout the paper. We then provide an example for multidisciplinary teamwork and conceptual mHealth intervention development that we found to be particularly useful. Finally, we discuss mHealth research challenges (i.e. evolving technology, mobile phone selection, user characteristics, the deployment environment, and mHealth system “bugs and glitches”), and provide recommendations for identifying and resolving barriers, or preventing their occurrence altogether.
BROADENING THE DEBATE: COMMENTS ON MICHAEL J. FEUER'S MODERATING THE DEBATE

. In Moderating the Debate: Rationality and the Promise of American Education, Michael Feuer argues that insights from cognitive science and the theory of bounded rationality can help us understand why educational policy makers overreach in seeking optimal solutions to educational problems. In this essay, Emily Robertson argues that cognitive science is of limited help for two reasons. First, since the findings of the theory of bounded rationality are supposed to describe how we actually do make decisions under conditions of uncertainty, it is unclear how those findings can help us explain why educational policy makers have apparently used different decision-making strategies. Second, the idea that educational reform can be set right by being made the province of more fully rational policy makers neglects the public, value dimension of education, and thus obscures some of the true sources of overpromising.
The Synthesis and Characterization of a Pyridine-Linked Cyclodextrin Dimer

A cyclodextrin dimer has been synthesized in an overall 29% yield from β-cyclodextrin. This compound contains a pyridine bridge that links the secondary faces of two cyclodextrin units. A complete 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis was performed using a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR pulse sequences. The results are consistent with the notion that each β-cyclodextrin moiety contains seven spectrally unique sugar resi- dues. In addition, an analysis of key coupling constants suggest that the modified sugar moiety in the individual cyclodextrin units has un- dergone a chair inversion. This analysis represents the first complete NMR characterization of a cyclodextrin dimer
Metal-enhanced Intrinsic Fluorescence of Proteins on Silver Nanostructured Surfaces towards Label-Free Detection.

In recent years, metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) using silver particles has been reported for a number of fluorophores emitting at visible wavelengths. However, it was generally thought that silver particles would always quench fluorescence at shorter wavelengths. We now report the observation of MEF of the tryptophan analogue N-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide (NATA) on silver nanostructured surfaces. NATA is a model for the intrinsic tryptophan emission from proteins. We have also studied the effects of silver nanostructures on the emission of N-acetyl-l-tyrosinamide (NATA-tyr). In the case of NATA, we observed increased emission, decrease in fluorescence lifetimes, and increase in photostability when NATA was embedded in 15 nm thick spin-casted poly(vinyl alcohol) film on silver nanostructured surfaces. We have also investigated the effects of silver nanostructures on the emission from thin poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing NATA-tyr. However, we observed no increase in fluorescence signal for NATA-tyr on ...
Respiratory rate and effects of heat stress in physarum polycephalum during transformation from sclerotium to plasmodium

Summary: Physarum polycephalum , a "slime mold" widely used in laboratory experimental studies, becomes less resistant to heat stress during transformation from sclerotium to plasmodium in an interval between 60 to 120 min after hydration as evidenced by decreased respiratory recovery and delayed excystmentThe mean respiratory rate of non heat-treated preparations during transformation from sclerotium to plasmodium has an initial short lag period, followed by a rapid rise in respiration reaching a peak at approximately 60 min post-hydrationThis is followed by a decline to a lower steady state level at about 90 to 120 minFine structural data show that the period of rapid increase in respiration precedes dissolution of the walls surrounding the spherical cysts and subsequent formation of cytoplasmic cross linkagesThe post-peak plateau in respiratory activity occurs when the cysts progressively become merged into a motile plasmodial networkThe mean respiratory rate of the plasmodial stage is 0.51 (S.E= ± 0.1) micromoles 02 per mg dry weight per hourHeat treatment at 60 and 120 min post-hyd2ration reveals increasing susceptibility of respiration to heat shockHeat treatment at 60 min after hydration resulted in a 48% reduction in respiration rate while heat treatment at 120 min after hydration resulted in 81 % reduction in respirationThe difference was significant (p = 0.01)Sclerotia exposed to heat shock at 120 min are delayed in excystment compared to those exposed at 60 min post-hydration, further indicating a decreased resistance to heat shock during the excystment process.
Formation of Cubic ZrO2 with Transition Metals of Groups V and VI and Their Oxides

Cubic ZrO2 can be formed at 1500 deg C from tetragonal ZrO2 and transition metals of groups V and Vl or their monoxides only in the presence of TiO2. The 1500 deg isotherm of the pseudo-tennary system ZrO2- TiO2-VO was investigated and the extent of the single-phase cubic ZrO2 region was determined. In the system Ta-Ta2O5 the lower oxides cannot be formed by reacting Ta and Ta2O5 between 1450 deg and 1815 deg C.
Differentiation of reproductive cells in Volvox carteri.

SYNOPSIS. The life cycle of Volvox carteri was studied in axenic culture using the NB-3 and the NB-7 strains isolated from Nebraska. Vegetative colonies of both strains contain 8–12 asexual reproductive cells (gonidia) which divide to form daughter colonies. During daughter colony formation, the reproductive cells of the daughters are delimited at an early stage of cleavage. Gonidia are delimited at the division from 16 to 32 cells, but eggs and male initial cells are not differentiated until the division of the 32-celled stage. In all instances the reproductive cells are the products of unequal cleavages. Male and female colonies are formed in separate clones. Female colonies contain approximately 20 eggs. Male colonies have approximately 50 male initial cells, each of which forms a sperm bundle containing 64 or 128 sperm. Sperm bundles penetrate female colonies and fertilize the eggs. Zygote formation, zygote germination, and the development of gone colonies is described. Sexual type was inherited in a 1:1 ratio. Male colonies appear spontaneously in the male strain, but female colonies were formed in the female strain only in the presence of a substance produced by colonies from male cultures. This female inducing substance is produced in male cultures primarily, if not exclusively, by male colonies rather than by vegetative colonies. The female inducing substance is heat labile and non-dialyzable. Activity is destroyed by Pronase, but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin or ribonuclease. Gonidia appear to be most susceptible to female induction during the early stages of their expansion prior to cleavage.
Compressive optic neuropathy after use of oxidized regenerated cellulose in orbital surgery: review of complications, prophylaxis, and treatment

Purpose We report 2 cases of compressive optic neuropathy after use of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) in orbital surgery. To our knowledge, no complications have been reported previously after use of this material in orbital surgery. We also review the complications related to its retention at operative sites outside the orbit and recommend precautions to avoid them. Design Retrospective interventional case reports. Participants Two patients with compressive optic neuropathy after use of ORC in orbital surgery. Methods Case reports from 2 different clinics and review of the English scientific literature. Main Outcome Measures Best-corrected visual acuity, extraocular motility, proptosis, and chemosis. Results One patient underwent orbital exploration and biopsy of an orbital tumor, and the second had repair of an orbital floor fracture. Postoperatively, both presented with chemosis, ophthalmoplegia, and progressive loss of vision. Orbital imaging revealed a retrobulbar soft-tissue density compatible with hematoma. Repeat orbital exploration revealed the soft-tissue mass to be swollen ORC. Conclusions Retained intraorbital ORC may cause a compartment syndrome and should be suspected in postoperative patients with orbital symptoms. When ORC is used around the optic nerve, it should be removed after hemostasis is achieved.
Proglumide selectively potentiates supraspinal μ1 opioid analgesia in mice

Abstract The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide potentiates morphine analgesia. To understand more fully the opiate receptor subtypes involved with this effect, we investigated the effect of proglumide on spinal and supraspinal μ and spinal δ analgesia in mice. Proglumide alone had no effect on tailflick latencies, but increased, in a dose-dependent manner, tailflick latencies in morphine-tolerant mice. Proglumide also potentiated morphine analgesia in naive mice in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal effect at 5–10 mg kg . Proglumide both shifted the dose-response curve for morphine analgesia to the left and prolonged morphine's duration of action. Proglumide increased the sensitivity of supraspinal μ 1 . receptor mechanisms of analgesia without influencing spinal mechanisms. Proglumide administered subcutaneously potentiated the analgesic actions of intracerebroventricular [D-Ala 2 MePhe 4 ,Gly(ol) 5 ]enkephalin (DAGO; (μ 1 ), but not intrathecal DAGO (μ 2 ) or (D-Pen 2 , D-Pen 5 ]enkephalin (DPDPE; δ). The selective μ 1 . receptor antagonist naloxonazine blocked proglumide-enhanced morphine analgesia.
Determination of methanol in biodiesel by headspace solid phase microextraction

A new direct gas chromatography procedure (headspace solid phase microextraction) was developed for the quantitative determination of methanol in biodiesel. The analysis was performed by exposing a carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber assembly to the headspace of the biodiesel sample. The gas chromatography used a HP-5 capillary column and flame ionization detection. A polynomial relationship was observed between the methanol concentration and its peak area. This method showed good reproducibility (average relative standard deviation 7.06%) and recovery (average recovery 100.2%).
Instream Evaluation of Passive Integrated Transponder Retention in Brook Trout and Brown Trout: Effects of Season, Anatomical Placement, and Fish Length

Abstract We examined effects of tagging season, anatomical placement of tags, and fish total length (TL) at tagging on 2-month retention of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in 181 brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (99–302 mm TL) and 709 brown trout Salmo trutta (122–511 mm TL) in small streams of southeastern Minnesota. A lower percentage of brown trout retained their tags in spring (56%) than in fall (68%), but season did not affect tag retention in brook trout. Retention rates varied with anatomical placement for both species. For brook trout, retention was 70% when the PIT tag was placed into the body cavity using an insertion point that was posterior to the pelvic fins and 100% when the tag was placed into the dorsal musculature. Among brown trout, PIT tag retention was 56% for body cavity placement (posterior insertion) and 95% for dorsal musculature placement. Tag retention was not associated with fish TL for brown trout and was only weakly associated with TL of brook trout. Although report...
A Continuous Improvement/Management-by-Objectives Approach to Evaluating University Faculty

This paper discusses the design, analysis and implementation of a faculty evaluation system to be used in both departments of Electrical Engineering Technology and Manufacturing Engineering Technologies and Supervision at Purdue University Calumet. The System, based on a faculty member’s continuous improvement plan, builds on the Management-by-Objectives approach, which reflects the Human Resource practice of performance plans and evaluations in corporate America. This new system, being outcome based, asks faculty to set goals and objectives with some degree of flexibility and is in line with the accreditation requirement changes of Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Cellular magnesium homeostasis.

Magnesium, the second most abundant cellular cation after potassium, is essential to regulate numerous cellular functions and enzymes, including ion channels, metabolic cycles, and signaling pathways, as attested by more than 1000 entries in the literature. Despite significant recent progress, however, our understanding of how cells regulate Mg2+ homeostasis and transport still remains incomplete. For example, the occurrence of major fluxes of Mg2+ in either direction across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells following metabolic or hormonal stimuli has been extensively documented. Yet, the mechanisms ultimately responsible for magnesium extrusion across the cell membrane have not been cloned. Even less is known about the regulation in cellular organelles. The present review is aimed at providing the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the mechanisms enacted by eukaryotic cells to regulate cellular Mg2+ homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered under specific pathological conditions.
Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of MgSiO3 perovskite from 77 to 400 K

Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of MgSiO3 perovskite has been completed from 77 to 400 K. The thermal expansion coefficient between 298 and 381 K is 2.2(8) × 10-5 K-1. Above 400 K, the single crystal becomes so multiply twinned that the cell parameters can no longer be determined.
Fast and Practical Algorithms for Planted (l, d) Motif Search

We consider the planted (l, d) motif search problem, which consists of finding a substring of length l that occurs in a set of input sequences {s1, . . . , sn} with up to d errors, a problem that arises from the need to find transcription factor-binding sites in genomic information. We propose a sequence of practical algorithms, which start based on the ideas considered in PMS1. These algorithms are exact, have little space requirements, and are able to tackle challenging instances with bigger d, taking less time in the instances reported solved by exact algorithms. In particular, one of the proposed algorithms, PMSprune, is able to solve the challenging instances, such as (17, 6) and (19, 7), which were not previously reported as solved in the literature.
Migration depths of juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to total dissolved gas supersaturation in a Columbia River reservoir

Abstract The in situ depths of juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. were studied to determine whether hydrostatic compensation was sufficient to protect them from gas bubble disease (GBD) during exposure to total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation from a regional program of spill at dams meant to improve salmonid passage survival. Yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss implanted with pressure-sensing radio transmitters were monitored from boats while they were migrating between the tailrace of Ice Harbor Dam on the Snake River and the forebay of McNary Dam on the Columbia River during 1997–1999. The TDG generally decreased with distance from the tailrace of the dam and was within levels known to cause GBD signs and mortality in laboratory bioassays. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the mean depths of juvenile steelhead were similar throughout the study area, ranging from 2.0 m in the Snake River to 2.3 m near the McNary Dam forebay. The mea...
Robert Thompson: Karl Lashley's heir?

A la mort de Lashley (K.), Thompson (R.) poursuivit ses travaux de recherche en neurologie, et devint celebre parmi les neuroscientifiques
Premature Ejaculation: Current Medical Treatment and New Directions (CME)

ABSTRACT Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction. Until very recently, scientific investigation of PE has been hampered by a lack of standardized definitions and objective, validated questionnaires. Small numbers of randomized controlled studies evaluating various treatment options have also added to the challenges facing the clinicians who manage PE. Aim This article provides a summary of some of the more relevant the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the medical therapy of premature ejaculation. Methods A retrospective review of peer reviewed publications relevant to the field of premature ejaculation and related medical therapies. Main Outcome Measures Review of safety and efficacy of various medical therapies for premature ejaculation. Results Selective serotonin release inhibitors have been the most promising agents to date. The on-demand “PRN” use of these agents is more convenient, but its efficacy is less well established. Chronic use of this class of medications has been associated with minor, but bothersome side effects. More recently, concern over the risk of an increased suicide rate in young men upon initiation of SSRIs has dampened enthusiasm. Recent experience with the use of Tramadol raises the hope that this might prove to be an agent as effective as SSRIs with less worrisome risk of side-effects. New trials on novel formulations of topical solutions are currently underway in the United States. Conclusions Interest in medical therapy for PE is rapidly increasing and reflected in a disproportionate number of publications in this field in the past few years. Clinical research in this field is hampered by the complexity, variability among different men and cultures, and subjectivity of PE. Reliable, appropriately controlled and assessed studies are generally lacking and carefully devised, methodically conducted research is much needed. Sadeghi-Nejad H, and Watson R. Premature ejaculation: Current medical treatment and new directions.
Opposite regulation of brain angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors in cold-induced hypertension.

Abstract Rats exposed chronically to mild cold (5°C/41°F) develop hypertension. This cold-induced hypertension (CIH) is an environmentally induced, non-surgical, non-pharmacological and non-genetic model for studying hypertension in rats. The blood renin angiotensin system (RAS) appears to play a role in both initiating and maintaining the high blood pressure in CIH. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of brain angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors (AT 1 R and AT 2 R) in CIH. Sprague–Dawley adult male rats were used. Thirty-six rats were kept in a cold room at 5°C and the other 36 were kept at 24°C as controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded by tail cuff. The SBP was elevated in rats exposed to cold within 1 week ( n =12, P >0.05), significantly increased at 3 weeks ( P P 1 R and AT 2 R. The AT 1 R mRNA was increased significantly in hypothalamus and brainstem after the first week in cold-treated rats and was maintained throughout the time of exposure to cold ( n =6, P 1 R binding significantly increased initially in hypothalamus and thereafter in brainstem. The mRNA and the receptor binding for AT 2 R decreased significantly ( P n =6) in nucleus of inferior olive and locus coeruleus of brainstem in cold-treated rats after exposure to cold. The experiments show differential regulation of RAS components, AT 1 R and AT 2 R, in different brain areas in cold-exposed rats and provide evidence that up-regulated AT 1 R and down-regulated AT 2 R in different brain areas are involved in CIH. The opposing directions of expression of AT 1 R and AT 2 R suggest that they play counterbalancing roles in brain function.
World Literature and the Case of Joyce, Rao, and Borges

In her article "World Literature and the Case of Joyce, Rao, and Borges" Bhavya Tiwari discusses the work of James Joyce and poses the question why Joyce is considered an important figure in Latin America and South Asia. Have Indian languages (e.g., Bengali and Hindi) responded differently to Joycean aesthetics? If yes, can there be political reasons behind this difference? Joyce's own position in Europe as a modernist aesthetician complicates his reception in the "periphery," India and Latin America. Hence, Tiwari queries as to what happens when Joyce's texts are received on two different continents. In this context, Tiwari discusses Joyce's Ulysses (1922), Raja Rao's Kanthapura (1938), and Jorge Luis Borges's texts with regard to their linguistic innovations and word play. Tiwari's comparative and contextual analysis is meant to illustrate the relevance of comparative cultural study. Bhavya Tiwari, "World Literature and the Case of Joyce, Rao, and Borges" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 14.2 (2012): Thematic Issue New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures. Ed. M.G. Ramanan and T. Mukherjee
Designing a Study Abroad Course in Chemistry: Information from Three Different Courses to Europe.

Guidelines for planning a study abroad course in chemistry start with defining the course objectives and outcomes. These, in turn, guide the choice of course content and format, location, length of travel, activities, and assessment. Budgetary issues include transportation, lodging, admission fees, activities, docents and guides (including audio guides), and meals. Contingency plans must also be developed. Information is provided from three different courses taught by the author with study abroad in Europe.
Tree-Based Models for Fiting Stratified Linear Regression Models

This paper generalizes the methods developed in Shannon, Province, and Rao (2001) to use recursive partitioning to identify subsets of the aggregate data within each of which simple linear regression models give better fit. This method is proposed as an alternative to multivariate regression modeling when the analyst is primarily concerned with the regression of an outcome onto a single predictor and needs to control for other covariates. Splitting rules and pruning methods are derived, programmed in C, and linked to the public domain 'RPART' software providing a full software implementation of this methodology. Examples are presented to illustrate the methodology and software.
Using RFID for the management of pharmaceutical inventory - system optimization and shrinkage control

Motivated by a case study at a radiology practice, we analyze the incremental benefits of RFID technology over barcodes for managing pharmaceutical inventories. Unlike barcode technology, RFID enables accurate real-time visibility, which in turn enables several process improvements. We analyze the impact of automatic counting and discuss the system redesign critical to optimizing the inventory policy and eliminating shrinkage. We show that continuous review is superior to periodic review whenever accurate real-time information is available at no additional cost. We explain how RFID-enabled strategies vary with inventory parameters and provide a cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of RFID for the radiology practice.
Response of lesser prairie‐chickens on leks to aerial surveys

Aerial surveys can be used to detect and monitor lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallid- icinctus) leks, but the need exists to understand the response of lesser prairie-chickens to survey aircraft. We conducted lek surveys in Texas and New Mexico, USA, using an R-22 Beta II helicopter and R-44 Raven II helicopter. We observed the behavior of lesser prairie-chickens at 44 leks during aerial lek surveys. We observed flush responses of 38.5% (20.2-59.4%; 95% CI) and 50.0% (26.0-74.0%) from the R-22 and R-44, respectively. We found no difference in flush response between helicopter types (P ¼ 0.326). We used logistic regression models to predict lesser prairie-chicken flush response to aerial surveys. We found that distance from the transect was the most important flush response predictor during helicopter surveys. When flushed, lesser prairie-chickens returned to the lek and resumed predisturbance behavior in 7.0 � 2.6 min (mean � 95% CI). Our results suggest aerial surveys can be conducted without disruption to the lesser prairie-chicken lek dynamic. 2011 The Wildlife Society.