cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The expression of B7-H4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Objective To explore the expression of B7-H4 in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC),and to study its clinical significance and mechanism of possible effect.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of B7-H4 in 40 CCRCC and 15 normal renal tissues.Results The expression of B7-H4 was higher in CCRCC than in normal tissues;and the difference had statistical significance(P0.05).There were significant differences in the expression of B7-H4 between various histological grades(P0.05).Conclusions The expression of B7-H4 in CCRCC was obviously higher than that in normal tissues,and it was correlated to various histological grades.The detection of B7-H4 would hopefully become a clinical indicator for dignosis and prognosis and become a new target for clinical treatment of CCRCC.
Survey on the awareness of health knowledge,behavior formation,skill mastery among residents in a community,Zhuhai city,2014

Objective To understand the development of health education in a community,Zhuhai city,so as to provide the basis for targeted intervention strategies. Methods Stratified sampling and simple random sampling methods were used to extract 553 people to carry out a survey on health knowledge,behavior,skills from 8 627 permanent 18-69 year old residents in a town,Zhuhai city. Results Of all 553 residents extracted,the total awareness rate of health knowledge was 77.23%,the total rate of health behavior formation was 75.01%,and the total rate of health skill mastery was71.43%. Conclusion Various forms should be adopted to continuously strengthen health education and health promotion,and aiming at the main health problems and risk factors among community residents to implement interventions,so as to comprehensively improve the level of health literacy among residents.
Paul Beaver: an overview of 60 years of research.

It is a great privilege for me to have the opportunity to open this symposium in honor of Dr. Paul Beaver. I cannot however say that it is a pleasure. It would have been a pleasure if Paul and his wife Lee had been here, but, as it is, Paul is in New Orleans watching over Lee who is gravely ill. This makes this occasion a rather solemn one for me. I have known and worked with Paul Beaver for over 40 years, but he began his parasitological research long before I met him. Paul Chester Beaver was born in Glenwood, Indiana on 10 March 1905. He graduated with an A.B. degree from Wabash College in 1928, and then went on for graduate training under Henry Baldwin Ward at the University of Illinois, where he received his Master of Science degree in 1929. His thesis “Studies on the development of Allassostoma paryum, Stunkard” was his first publication, appearing in 1929.
Preservation of nucleotide pool during heart transplantation and evaluation of adenylate catabolic pathways in the human heart.

Adenylate pool preservation in the donor heart during transplantation depends on efficiency of cardioprotection. In addition to diagnostic value of myocardial nucleotides and its catabolites released from the heart1 any changes in the nucleotide pool could directly affect heart function and metabolism as adenylate interconversions are linked via ATP with high energy phosphate turnover2 and via adenosine with the metabolic control of coronary flow, platelet aggregation, inflammatory response and the hormone action on the heart3. Experimental data suggest that exogenous purine supply or interaction with its endogenous metabolism could be beneficial for the heart. Detailed knowledge of adenylate metabolism in the human heart is essential if any pharmacological interventions would be undertaken under clinical conditions. Although presence of free radical generating enzyme xanthine oxidase in the human heart was the most widely discussed in the recent years, other processes including pathways and regulation of adenosine formation in the human myocardium seems to be equally important.
Youth with Sickle Cell Disease: Genetic and Sexual Health Education Needs.

OBJECTIVES Assess the need for and interest in a sexual health and sickle cell disease (SCD) inheritance educational program for youth with SCD. METHODS Using a cross-sectional approach, qualitative data were collected during interviews of youth with SCD between ages 11-19 years from an urban hospital. Inductive and emergent coding was used to identify themes. Frequencies were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-five youth patients were approached; 20 (57%) consented and completed interviews. Half of the participants were adolescent girls. The mean age was 16.9±1.8 years (range 13-19). Of the 20 participants, 100% expressed interest in SCD genetic counseling and/or posed questions regarding SCD inheritance. Nineteen (95%) demonstrated deficits in sexual health knowledge and/or requested sexual health education. Seventeen (85%) actively engaged with educational materials. Twelve (60%) reported engaging in sexual activity, 7 (35%) in risky behaviors, and 3 (15%) reported past sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Youth with SCD demonstrated limited knowledge regarding sexual health and inheritance of SCD. Topics like information-seeking, limited knowledge, and need for social skills training provide evidence for the creation of an educational intervention for this vulnerable population. This program shows initial feasibility for youth with SCD.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Waverider-Derived Crew Reentry Vehicles

The development of a multidisciplinary design optimization framework for crew reentry vehicles is presented. A waverider design methodology is used as the basis for the parametric design technique, with required modifications (e.g., leading edge blunting and integration of a cylindrical payload volume representing the crew compartment) used to allow the generation of practical reentry configurations. In addition to the shape design code, aerodynamics analysis, mass estimating, and trajectory/aeroheating analyses are linked using a multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization process to maximize vehicle downrange, additional payload mass capability, and lift-to-drag ratio. Pareto fronts were generated for three different launch vehicle capabilities ranging from 12,000 to 26,000 kg to orbit, and highlight the relationships between reentry vehicle payload mass, maximum lift-to-drag ratio, and downrange, as well as the fact that a medium-class or larger launch vehicle was required to meet the baseline missio...
Considerations When Evaluating the Classroom Flip Instructional Technique

This chapter addresses the development of a strong formative evaluation piece—a necessity for strong course design. It discusses evaluating the impact that flipping has on teaching and student learning. The chapter also provides readers with an overview of a research-based approach to evaluation and describes what other sources of evidence might help one better understand the flipped classroom implementation. It concludes with concise summary of useful ideas and considerations, including ideas about making such research publishable.
A Call for a Patient-Centered Response to Legalized Assisted Dying

A growing number of states has legalized physician-assisted suicide (PAS), but many physician organizations have refused to provide clinical guidance on the care of patients actively seeking assist...
A Fast Hyperspectral Radiative Transfer Model

We develop a fast absorption calculation method used in the hyperspectral radiative transfer model for the PACE mission. The model will serve as a TOA radiance and reflectance simulator for remote sensing applications of PACE.
Exploding Galaxies: How to do recalls right.

The summer and fall of 2016 were stirring times in the mobile phone market. Samsung's long-awaited Galaxy Note 7, called by some a "phablet" because of its larger size and expanded capabilities that compare with some tablet devices, was launched in many markets in August 2016. It was thought by many to be a serious threat to Apple, who launched its iPhone 7 a month later in hopes of reviving its flagging presence in the mobile phone business. But nobody expected the Galaxy Note 7 to make history the way it did-with a spectacular flameout, both figuratively and literally.
An anycast routing strategy with time constraint in delay tolerant networks

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are sparse mobile ad-hoc networks in which there is typically no complete path between the source and destination. Anycast is an important group communication paradigm for numerous DTN applications such as resource discovery and information exchange in emergency or crisis situations. Unlike unicast and multicast, which have been studied extensively in DTNs, few prior works have addressed the DTN anycast routing problem. Furthermore, they do not consider the time constraint in formulating the relay selection strategy. In this work, we propose a single-copy Time Constrained Anycast (TCA) routing, which considers relay node candidates form both current and past contacts to reduce the transmission cost. Furthermore, we derive the one-hop and two-hop delivery probability to an anycast group based on the distribution of inter-contact times (ICTs). Extensive simulation results based on the Cabspotting trace show that our scheme can achieve up to 21% higher delivery rate, 11% lower delay, and 36% lower transmission cost compared to other anycast routing strategies.
Anisotropic toughness and strength in graphene and its atomistic origin

Abstract This paper presents the implication of crystallographic orientation on toughness and ideal strength in graphene under lattice symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking deformations. In symmetry-preserving deformation, both toughness and strength are isotropic, regardless of the chirality of the lattice; whereas, in symmetry-breaking deformation they are strongly anisotropic, even in the presence of vacancy defects. The maximum and minimum of toughness or strength occur for loading along the zigzag direction and the armchair direction, respectively. The anisotropic behavior is governed by a complex interplay among bond-stretching deformation, bond-bending deformation, and the chirality of the lattice. Nevertheless, the condition for crack-nucleation is dictated by the maximum bond-force required for bond rupture, and it is independent of the chiral angle of the lattice or loading direction. At the onset of crack-nucleation a localized nucleation zone is formed, wherein the bonds rupture locally satisfying the maximum bond-force criterion. The nucleation zone acts as the physical origin in triggering the fracture nucleation process, but its presence is undetectable from the macroscopic stress–strain data.
Safety of methionine, a novel biopesticide, to adult and larval honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Methionine is an essential/indispensible amino acid nutrient required by adult and larval honey bees (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]). Bees are unable to rear broods on pollen deficient in methionine, and reportedly behaviorally avoid collecting pollen or nectar from florets deficient in methioinine. In contrast, it has been demonstrated that methionine is toxic to certain pest insects; thus it has been proposed as an effective biopesticide. As an ecofriendly integrated pest management agent, methionine boasts a novel mode of action differentiating it from conventional pesticides, while providing non-target safety. Pesticides that minimize collateral effects on bees are desirable, given the economic and ecological concerns about honey bee health. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential impact of the biopesticide methionine on non-target adult and larval honey bees. Acute contact adult toxicology bioassays, oral adult assessments and chronic larval toxicity assessments were performed as per U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. Our results demonstrated that methionine fits the U.S. EPA category of practically nontoxic (i.e. lethal dose to 50% mortality or LD50 > 11µg/bee) to adult honey bees. The contact LD50 was > 25µg/bee and the oral LD50 was > 100µg/bee. Mortality was observed in larval bees that ingested DL-methionine (effective concentration to 50% mortality or EC50 560µg/bee). Therefore, we conclude that methionine poses little threat to the health of the honey bee, due to unlikely exposure at concentrations shown to elicit toxic effects.
Advances in Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Metastatic Breast Cancer

A majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor (HR) positive and are responsive to various types of hormone manipulation. Endocrine therapy is the preferred first-line therapy for patients with advanced estrogen receptor (ER) positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who do not have symptomatic visceral disease. Endocrine therapy is often continued in the second- and third-line setting, with chemotherapy deferred until tumor becomes endocrine therapy refractory and/or a visceral crisis in imminent. Therapeutic options vary based on clinical presentation and include single-agent therapies such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant, and combination therapies options. Over the past few years, multiple trials have shown significant improvement in outcomes when endocrine therapy is combined with CDK 4/6 inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. Improved efficacy comes at a cost of a modest increase in toxicity. Mechanisms of ER resistance have been defined leading to multiple strategies to improve efficacy and overcome resistance. These include the combination therapies options mentioned above and other novel drugs that are in development. This review will summarize the existing literature regarding endocrine therapy in postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer and outline treatment approaches in the first-line metastatic setting and beyond.
Continuous approximation for demand balancing in solving large-scale one-commodity pickup and delivery problems

Abstract The one-commodity pickup and delivery problem (1-PDP) has a wide range of applications in the real world, e.g., for repositioning bikes in large cities to guarantee the sustainable operations of bike-sharing systems. It remains a challenge, however, to solve the problem for large-scale instances. This paper proposes a hybrid modeling framework for 1-PDP, where a continuum approximation (CA) approach is used to model internal pickup and delivery routing within each of multiple subregions, while matching of net surplus or deficit of the commodity out of these subregions is addressed in a discrete model with a reduced problem size. The interdependent local routing and system-level matching decisions are made simultaneously, and a Lagrangian relaxation based algorithm is developed to solve the hybrid model. A series of numerical experiments are conducted to show that the hybrid model is able to produce a good solution for large-scale instances in a short computation time.
Cutting performance comparison of low-kickback saw chain

Kickback is the leading cause of the most severe and traumatic chainsaw-related injuries. As a result, safety standards require chainsaw manufacturers to produce low-kickback saw chain. In order to...
Neuropsychological Aspects of Pervasive Developmental and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism is a complex pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) associated with substantial impairments in terms of social deficits, communication abnormalities, stereotypical and repetitive behaviors, and a wide range of clinical presentations (Cody, Pelphry, & Piven, 2002). The presentation of symptoms in autism varies greatly between individuals making differential diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, the uneven cognitive and behavioral profilesmake it a unique and complicated condition. To facilitate better understanding of such complexities, researchers have focused on uncovering its etiological factors, identifying involved brain structures and processes, categorizing actual symptoms and its behavioral manifestations, and examining its neuropsychological basis. There is strong evidence from neuropathological studies that ASD originates in early prenatal life from abnormal brain development (Kemper & Rodier, 2002) and that atypical neurodevelopment continues to evolve throughout early life (Courchesne, Carper, & Akshoomoff, 2001; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005). A substantial literature base exists on the neuropsychological underpinnings of autism albeit somewhat complex and inconsistent (Dawson, 1996). With this in mind, this chapter reports on some of the neuropsychological findings onASDandpervasive developmental disorders.
Climate and Climatology

This chapter is a brief introduction to climate and climatology in a sense as it is used in meteorology. It introduces the basic nomenclature used in climate studies and climatology. The chapter provides a brief introduction into basic climate statistics and climate analysis methods and discusses the general circulation in terms of examples of applications. Major large scale and mesoscale features are elucidated from a meteorological point of view as they are part of the regional climate. Furthermore, a brief glimpse on the biogeophysical cycle is provided. Major challenges of climate and Earth system modeling as well as regional climate modeling are pointed out. The chapter also presents the Koppen-Geiger classification that is recently often applied for climate assessment and assessment of climate model simulations.
Software Correction of Measured Pulse Data

Generally, the fundamental concern in the software correction of measured pulse waveform data is the solution of an illposed deconvolution problem which arises when one (or both) of the known waveforms is (are) corrupted by errors due to interference, noise, instrumentation drift, etc. The convolution equation for a measurement system is $$ y(t) = \int\limits_o^t {x(\lambda )h(t - \lambda )d\lambda } $$ (1) , where the casual waveforms h(t), x(t), and y(t) are the measurement system impulse response, input, and output waveforms, respectively [1], Fig. 1. When one of the integrand functions is unknown, while the other two functions are known, the equation becomes the deconvolution integral equation for the unknown waveform. Solution of an ill-posed deconvolution problem is obtained by signal processing or filtering and at most yields an estimate for the unknown waveform. The filtering is necessary to yield a stable and physically consistent result.
Infectious Complications of Multiple Sclerosis Therapies: Implications for Screening, Prophylaxis, and Management

Multiple sclerosis therapies include interferons, glatiramer, and multiple immunosuppressive drugs. Discerning infectious risks of immunosuppressive drugs requires understanding their mechanisms of action and analyzing interventional studies and postmarketing observational data. Though identical immunosuppressive therapies are sometimes used in non-neurologic conditions, infectious risks may differ in this population. Screening for and treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection should be prioritized for patients receiving alemtuzumab; ocrelizumab is likely not associated with an increased risk of TB. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can be devastating for patients treated with ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab, whereas the small molecule oral agents do not likely pose substantial risk of HBV. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a particular concern with natalizumab. Alemtuzumab, and possibly natalizumab and fingolimod, risks herpes virus reactivation and may warrant prophylaxis. Unusual opportunistic infections have been described. Vaccination is an important tool in preventing infections, though vaccine timing and contraindications can be complex.
Trends in breast cancer mortality by stage at diagnosis among young women in the United States

Background Assessing trends in breast cancer survival among young women who are largely unaffected by breast cancer screening will provide important information regarding improvements in the effectiveness of cancer care for breast cancer in the last few decades. Methods The cohort for this study consisted of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 20 and 39 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program's 9-registry areas from 1975 to 2015. Trends in the breast cancer incidence rate and survival were assessed among young women. Results Among women aged 20 to 39 years, breast cancer incidence increased from 24.6 per 100,000 in 1975 to 31.7 per 100,000 in 2015 (annual percent change, 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.6). Among women with breast cancer, 5-year breast-cancer-specific survival increased significantly from 74.0% during 1975 to 1979 to 88.5% during 2010 to 2015 (hazard ratio for dying from breast cancer for 2010-2015 vs 1975-1979, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.32-0.41). The increase in cancer-specific survival reached a plateau in 2005; however, among young women with metastatic breast cancer, it continued to increase after 2005, from 45.6% during 2005 to 2009 to 56.5% during 2010 to 2015 (hazard ratio for dying from breast cancer for 2010-2015 vs 2005-2009, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.92). Similar patterns also were observed for 5-year overall survival and among women aged 20 to 29 years and those aged 30 to 39 years. Conclusions There were substantial improvements in the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment on overall and cancer-specific survival from 1975 to 2015. However, improvements appeared to have reached a plateau after 2005, except among young women with metastatic breast cancer, in whom survival continued to improve throughout the period.
PD1/PDL1 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced urothelial bladder cancer.

Introduction Until recently, systemic chemotherapy was the only option for treating bladder cancer and outcomes remained dismal. After a long gap of no progress for 40 years, immuno-therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (PDL1 and PD1) has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of bladder cancer, with five approved agents to treat platinum-refractory bladder cancer since the first approval of atezolizumab in May 2016. Methods This review summarizes the most recent data on approved checkpoint inhibitors currently used in management of advanced bladder cancer. Early- and late-phase trials of the five checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) in advanced bladder cancer are reviewed in detail. This review also describes the potential application of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as well as with radiation in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment. The role of PDL1 and tumor-mutation burden and clinical considerations in choosing a particular immunotherapy are also discussed. Results The approved checkpoint inhibitors (PD1 and PDL1 inhibitors) have similar efficacy and safety profiles in metastatic platinum-refractory bladder cancer, but they vary in dose and frequency and cost burden. However, only pembrolizumab has shown superiority over standard chemotherapy in a randomized Phase III setting so far. In addition, in the first-line setting for cisplatin-ineligible patients, both pembrolizumab and atezolizumab are US Food and Drug Administration-approved and well tolerated. There is a lack of consensus on the utility of testing for PDL1 as a predictive biomarker, as patients with no PDL1 expression also derive some clinical benefit. Tumor-mutation burden is another predictive biomarker, but needs further validation. Conclusion Immunotherapy has offered a glimmer of hope to patients with bladder cancer. The current landscape is rapidly evolving, with novel immunotherapy-combination trials to improve outcomes further and evaluate predictive biomarkers to help identify patients most likely to benefit from such therapies.
Incidence of female suicide in New York City: how important are socioeconomic factors?

After a steady decline in the incidence of suicide in the last 3 decades of the twentieth century, suicide rates in the US and likewise in New York City (NYC) began to rise. A breakdown of the city’s rates by gender reveals that since 2000, suicides among men had held steady while the rate among women had increased in every age group, in divergence from the national pattern of rising rates in both genders. This study considers a broad range of socioeconomic variables to identify those most strongly associated with suicide rates of women in NYC. Drawing on 4 decades of data from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene’s Vital Statistics and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, we use an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to estimate short and long run relationships between suicide rates in women aged 15–44 and a range of socioeconomic factors. We find a positive aggregate association between women’s suicide rates and the unemployment rate, the White percentage of the city’s population, the number of forcible rapes reported in the crime statistics, and a negative association between suicide and abortion rates. The results of the study suggest that labor market conditions, rather than societal factors such as marriage or fertility rates affect younger women’s suicide rates in NYC. Second, sexual violence against women, found in micro studies to have severe long-term negative effects on victims’ mental health is also positively associated with the aggregate suicide rate. Finally, higher abortion rates correspond with lower suicide rates at the city level, but the mechanisms behind this link are not as clear, since micro studies find little association between unwanted pregnancy termination and mental health.
Practicing Social Justice Art Education: Reclaiming Our Agency Through Collective Curriculum

The classroom, despite its construct as neutral space, is in fact a social space for the last egalitarian efforts. It is the compensatory product to counteract all social, political, and economic i...
12 Sexual Behavior

Sexual reproduction allows meiotic recombination to repair DNA, prunes out harmful mutations, decreases pathogens' ability to exploit a single genotypdomine, and promotes survival during environmental change and adaptation to various niches during environmental constancy. Methods of sex determination include genetic, temperature, and social factors; hormones are important mediators of those factors. Steroid hormones have primarily slow, genomically mediated effects, although they may also have rapid effects mediated by membrane receptors. Some female mammals ovulate spontaneously and have a spontaneous luteal phase, in which the uterus/fallopian tubes prepare for pregnancy; in others, the presence of a male or copulation induces ovulation or the luteal phase. Proceptive behaviors signal a female's sexual motivation and are controlled by the medial preoptic area (MPOA), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), medial amygdala, mesolimbic dopamine tract, and cerebellum. Receptivity is controlled by five modules: (1) the forebrain module is primarily inhibitory, although the vomeronasal system facilitates receptivity, (2) the hypothalamic module, especially the VMH, mediates slow hormonal effects, (3) the midbrain module converts slow hormonal effects into rapid behaviors, (4) the lower brainstem module performs postural corrections, and (5) the spinal cord module processes somatosensory input and generates motor output. Major areas controlling male sexual motivation include the mesolimbic dopamine system, the MPOA, the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Genital reflexes are controlled by the MPOA, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and brain stem and spinal cord areas. Mating is integrated by the MPOA, amygdala, BNST, PVN, and mesolimbic and nigrostriatal tracts, which are also important for other social behaviors. Perinatal and adult hormones predispose the network to produce specific behaviors in the appropriate social context. Keywords: steroid hormones; proceptivity; receptivity; genital reflexes; medial preoptic area; mesolimbic system; paraventricular nucleus
Career Indecision Profile–Short: Reliability and Validity Among Employees and Measurement Invariance Across Students and Employees:

While the Career Indecision Profile–Short (CIP-Short) has demonstrated sound reliability and validity as a brief measure of career indecision in students, its psychometric performance in employees ...
Abstract P347: Lower Optimism is Associated With Heart Failure Readmissions

Introduction: Heart failure is one of the most common reasons for hospitalizations in the U.S. and within 30 days of discharge, nearly one in four patients have been readmitted. While optimism is a...
PAC Reinforcement Learning without Real-World Feedback.

This work studies reinforcement learning in the Sim-to-Real setting, in which an agent is first trained on a number of simulators before being deployed in the real world, with the aim of decreasing the real-world sample complexity requirement. Using a dynamic model known as a rich observation Markov decision process (ROMDP), we formulate a theoretical framework for Sim-to-Real in the situation where feedback in the real world is not available. We establish real-world sample complexity guarantees that are smaller than what is currently known for directly (i.e., without access to simulators) learning a ROMDP with feedback.
Supination adduction ankle fractures: Ankle fracture or pilon variant?

Abstract Background Supination adduction (SAD) fractures are rotational ankle fractures with a characteristic vertical medial malleolus fracture and tension failure fibula fracture. While these fractures are considered rotational injuries, they can have joint impaction that could lead to early joint degeneration. The purpose of this study was to characterize SAD ankle fractures and compare these injuries with partial articular pilon fractures. Methods Following IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed ankle and pilon fractures (OTA 43 & 44) treated at two academic level-1 trauma centers from 2008–2016. Our primary outcome was failure defined as either ankle arthrodesis or arthroplasty. Infection and significant arthrosis were also compared. We performed multivariate Cox regression to compare failure between SAD ankles and pilon fractures. Results Seventy-nine SAD ankle and 91 pilon fractures met inclusion criteria. Patient demographics including age and open injury did not differ between groups. For SAD ankle fractures, impaction occurred in 66% (44/79) of injuries. Impaction failed to be significant risk factor for arthrosis after adjustment for malreduction (p = 0.13). Failure was significantly more common in pilon fractures (11/91, 12%) than SAD fractures (5/79, 6%) (HR=0.25, 95% CI:[0.07,0.92], p = 0.036). Infection and arthrosis rates failed to show a difference between the groups (p = 0.19, 0.63, respectively). Malreduction was significantly associated with joint arthrosis (OR=7.05, 95% CI: [1.63,36.12], p = 0.01). Conclusion Rotational ankle fractures have low rates ( Level of Evidence Level 3, Prognostic
Mapping Inference Algorithms to DIMA

This chapter shows that diverse algorithms with significantly complex data-flow can also be mapped to DIMA. The mapping of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a sparse distributed memory (SDM) to DIMA is demonstrated. Algorithmic opportunities such as the use of error-aware training in a DIMA-based CNN and the use of ensemble decision-making in SDM can be exploited to compensate for non-ideal analog computations in DIMA leading to even greater energy savings.
Factors associated with frequent insomnia among breast cancer survivors.

e24098Background: Insomnia is common among breast cancer (BC) survivors and often goes unrecognized and untreated. We sought to evaluate the association between frequent insomnia and potentially mo...
The Use of DJing Tasks as a Pedagogical Bridge to Learning Data Structures

Computing is a field that needs to make more strides to have workforce that matches the racial and ethnic diversity found in the population of the United States. The author of the study aims to address this problem, by using course materials that incorporate the culture of students taking computer science courses. Geneva Gay [5] mentions in her theory of culturally responsive pedagogy that it's critical for instructors to embed the students' culture in their course materials, so students can use their own experiences to understand concepts. The study explores how DJing tasks (such as creating, editing and iterating through playlists) can be used to teach students about data structures. Participants in the study were drawn from a convenience sample in a 15-week sophomore course in data structures at a small liberal arts college. 16 of the 24 students fully participated in the study, and all of the respondents were Black women pursuing a major or a minor in computer science. The students were taught with examples that used Black music as a context throughout the course, and were tasked with creating software for a drum machine or a DJ controller as a final project. Study participants were asked via a web survey to compare example problems presented in a music based context to examples they had seen in the course text. Students were also asked to reflect on the experiences they had engaging in the final project.
Digital Control of Switched-Mode Power Converters

Digital control methods and digital controllers based on general-purpose or dedicated microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSP’s), or programmable logic devices have been widely adopted in power electronics applications at relatively high-power levels, including motor drives or grid-tied three-phase inverters and rectifiers. In these applications, digital control offers clear technical and economic advantages in addressing complex control, management, and monitoring tasks.
Exploring How Trauma Is Addressed in Sexual Education Interventions for Youth: A Scoping Review

Traumatic experiences are common among adolescents and can negatively affect learning and increase the risk of early pregnancy, parenthood, and sexually transmitted infections. Little is known about how current sexual health interventions address trauma. A scoping review was conducted to gain insight into how trauma is addressed in adolescent sexual health interventions. Peer-reviewed studies from the United States published between 2008 and 2018 describing a sexual health intervention for youth were considered. Studies were analyzed to determine if and how trauma was addressed in the interventions. Out of 169 articles initially screened, 29 met inclusion criteria and 23% (n = 6) addressed trauma. Four interventions addressed trauma in the intervention content, while two studies evaluated trauma in outcome measures. Educators can broaden this reach by developing trauma-informed content that is compatible with existing curricula. Ongoing study is recommended to evaluate the impact of trauma-informed content on the sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth.
Octogenarians present with a less aggressive phenotype of colon adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Octogenarians constitute a growing percentage of patients diagnosed with colon malignancies. This study aims to determine if the clinical and pathologic presentation of octogenarians with colon cancer differs from that of patients diagnosed at a younger age. Methods Data were collected retrospectively for all patients diagnosed with colon cancer who underwent resection at a single institution between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2017; patients with rectal cancer were excluded. Patients were categorized by age at diagnosis: either 50 to 79 years of age or ≥80 years of age; those Results Of 1,301 patients, 329 (25%) were ≥80. Female patients predominated the octogenarian cohort (61% vs 39%; P 8 cm (17.3% vs 8.9%; P Conclusion Octogenarians with colon cancer present with larger tumors but appear to have less aggressive disease, as reflected in a lower pathologic stage, less extramural venous invasion, and less lymph node metastases, than younger patients with similar size tumors. Three-year disease-free survival is comparable between octogenarians and patients aged 50 to 79.
State-Level Alcohol Environments and Sexual Identity Disparities in Binge Drinking in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Purpose: Binge drinking disparities by sexual identity are well documented. Stronger alcohol policy environments reduce binge drinking in the general population. We examined whether state-level alc...
Comparative phylogeography of the freshwater mussels of the southeastern United States: reconstructing historic drainages using molecular data

Knowledge concerning the different ages of species and their distribution enhance our understanding of processes that create and maintain species diversity at both local and regional levels. The largest family of freshwater mussels (Unionidae), reach their highest species diversity in drainages of the southeastern United States. By sequencing multiple loci from mussel species distributed throughout the drainages in this region, we attempt to uncover historical patterns of divergence and determine the role of vicariance events on the species formation in mussels and extend our hypothesis to freshwater animals in general. We analyzed 346 sequences from five genera encompassing 37 species. Species were sampled across 12 distinct drainages ending either in the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. Overall the topologies of the different genera returned phylogenetic trees that were congruent with geographically contiguous drainages. The most common pattern was the grouping between the Atlantic slope and Gulf Coast drainages, however the Tennessee drainage was often the exception to this pattern grouping with the Atlantic Slope. Most mussel species find a most recent common ancestor within a drainage before finding an ancestor between drainages. This supports the hypothesis of allopatric divergence followed by later burst of speciation within a drainage. Our estimated divergence times for the Atlantic-Gulf split agree with other studies estimating vicariance in fish species of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast.
Neural Network Approach to Crater Detection for Lunar Terrain Relative Navigation

Terrain relative navigation can improve the precision of a spacecraft’s state estimate by providing supplementary measurements to correct for drift in an inertial measurement unit. This paper prese...
What People Tweet about Imaging Costs

Abstract Background Patients may experience adverse health outcomes when they are unable to manage medical bills. It is currently unknown, however, whether patients talk about cost in the context of medical imaging services they received. Materials and Methods Retrospective qualitative analysis of twitter posts related to medical imaging and cost. Tweets were extracted from twitter, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and tweets were categorized as either “positive” or “negative”; none were “neutral”. A qualitative thematic analysis of all included tweets was performed to develop themes and topics expressed. A single tweet may have been assigned several different codes according to its content. A random sampling of the tweets from each topic were selected by the two reviewers, verified by the remaining reviewers, and quoted (Q). Results Here, 9.8% (n = 99) of tweets relevant to medical imaging were included in the analysis. The majority had a negative sentiment (91%, n = 90) related to themes of (1) cost of care (47%, n = 42), (2) care delivery (23%, n = 21), (3) insurance Issues (23%, n = 21), and (4) need for information (7%, n = 6). A few positive tweets (9%, n = 9) were related to themes of (1) Gratitude (44%, n = 4), (2) Affordability (33%, n = 3), and (3) Better than expected (22%, n = 2). Conclusion Among tweets related to medical imaging we found that 10% relate to cost and that these are overwhelmingly negative, mostly due to perceived high cost of care, deficient care delivery, and insurance issues.
Sperm mosaicism: implications for genomic diversity and disease

While sperm mosaicism has few consequences for men, the offspring and future generations are unwitting recipients of gonadal cell mutations, often yielding severe disease. Recent studies, fueled by emergent technologies, show that sperm mosaicism is a common source of de novo mutations (DNMs) that underlie severe pediatric disease as well as human genetic diversity. Sperm mosaicism can be divided into three types: Type I arises during sperm meiosis and is non-age dependent; Type II arises in spermatogonia and increases as men age; and Type III arises during paternal embryogenesis, spreads throughout the body, and contributes stably to sperm throughout life. Where Types I and II confer little risk of recurrence, Type III may confer identifiable risk to future offspring. These mutations are likely to be the single largest contributor to human genetic diversity. New sequencing approaches may leverage this framework to evaluate and reduce disease risk for future generations.
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization in a Model of Orientation-Tuned Spiking Neurons

We investigate a model for neural activity in the primary visual cortex. Cells are organized in a two-dimensional layer with an embedded orientation preference map and are modeled as leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. The connectivity consists of local excitation, surround inhibition and long-range clustered connections, where the latter are only between cells with similar orientation preference. Due to the center-surround connectivity, the system generates irregular spike trains with broad inter-spike interval distribution as found in cortical data [Softky and Koch, 1993]. Neighboring cells show a large amount of synchronization while more distant cells show stimulus-dependent synchronization similar to that observed experimentally [Gray and Singer, 1989] the cross-correlation peaks are larger for cells stimulated with the same orientation (vs. different orientation) even if they don’t have the same orientation preference.
Using Deductive Reasoning to Build a Local Property Capitalization Rate from the Capital Market and the Internet

This paper illustrates a new unique method to estimate a local capitalization rate using Internet data available in every office. It relies on the initial belief that all capitalization rates must ...
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease): Metabolic studies with cultured fibroblasts☆

Abstract Metabolism of tritium-labelled galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide added to the culture medium was examined in cultured skin fibroblasts from 4 patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) and 4 control individuals. The uptake of [3H]galactosylceramide and [3H]lactosylceramide by the fibroblasts continued actively at least up to 3 days. Approximately 30–40% of the galactosylceramide, which had been taken up, was released subsequently from the cells in a 4-day period, whereas only 10% of lactosylceramide was released during the same period. The GLD fibroblasts showed no abnormality in the kinetics of the uptake and in the release of these glycosphingolipids which are natural substrates of the β-galactosidase genetically deficient in the disorder. This finding differs from that reported for fibroblasts from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, which showed abnormal accumulation and retention of sulfatide added to the culture media. However, degradation of added galactosylceramide to [3H]galactose by the GLD fibroblasts was only 25% of the control cells, while lactosylceramide was degraded at 70% of the normal rate. These findings are consistent with the known substrate specificities of the two acidic β-galactosidases in human tissues; galactosylceramide is hydrolyzed almost exclusively by galactosylceramidase, while lactosylceramide can be hydrolyzed by both galactosylceramidase and GM1-ganglioside β-galactosidase.
Intelligent Framework for Part Design

A framework for using artificial neural networks to design injection molded parts is presented. This framework can be achieved through two approaches. The first approach uses a mapping technique to represent the design knowledge into an artificial neural network. This mapping approach is used in a distributed way to encode the design knowledge. The second approach uses an intelligent hybrid system that integrates the knowledge-base expert system and the neural networks together into one combined system. This tightly coupled intelligent system takes the benefits of the expert system and the neural networks and combines them to eliminate the limitations of each. Working design examples of these two implemented approaches will be explored. The concepts to be incorporated in future implementations will be mentioned.
The Limits of Mathematics---The Book

This is a revised version of the course notes handed to each participant at the limits of mathematics short course, Orono, Maine, June 1994.
Efficient and agile optical networks

We describe how dynamic physical layer functionality or agility in optical networks can be used to improve the energy efficiency of communication networks. Using the network global expectation model approach, we derive expressions for the total mean electrical power used by an agile optical network and use these to identify the key opportunities for energy efficiency as well as challenges that must be addressed to realize efficiency benefits. Recent progress related to both the network agility speed and the network performance is discussed in the context of energy efficiency.
Tangible Long-Lived Asset Impairments and Future Operating Cash Flows under US GAAP and IFRS

This paper investigates the ability of long-lived asset impairments to predict future operating cash flows under US GAAP and IFRS. We provide evidence that total impairments reported under IFRS are negatively and persistently associated with future operating cash flows whereas those under US GAAP generally are not. Under IFRS, impairments of tangible long-lived assets are more informative than those of intangible assets and goodwill. We further explore the predictive content of reported write-offs under IFRS in different institutional settings, including legal origins and enforcement, and find that impairment losses under IFRS are more informative in common law and high enforcement countries. In general, the findings suggest greater informativeness of long-lived asset impairments under IFRS than US GAAP. The informativeness, however, depends on the type of assets impaired and the institutional characteristics.