cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individuals Reporting Idiopathic Malodor Production: Demographics and Incidence of Trimethylaminuria

Abstract Background Individuals with the metabolic disorder trimethylaminuria may sporadically produce malodors despite good hygiene. The psychosocial impact of trimethylaminuria can be considerable. However, trimethylaminuria is difficult to diagnose without specialized tests, in part because odor production is diet-dependent, and malodors may not be present during medical examinations. Thus, the prevalence and demographics of trimethylaminuria remain unclear. Methods We tested 353 patients who had unexplained (idiopathic) malodor production for trimethylaminuria using a standard choline challenge. We also collected basic demographic information. Results Approximately one third of patients (118) tested positive for trimethylaminuria. Consistent with previous reports, women, particularly African American women, were significantly overrepresented among trimethylaminuria-positive patients. Of note, the same pattern was seen among trimethylaminuria-negative patients. Also consistent with previous reports, trimethylaminuria-positive women who were still menstruating tended to produce higher levels of trimethylamine within ±7 days of menses, although this trend was statistically marginal ( P = .07). Conclusion If our patient sample is representative of patients with idiopathic malodor, demographic information (race and gender) may not be useful in a differential diagnosis of trimethylaminuria. However, undiagnosed cases of trimethylaminuria may be fairly common among patients with idiopathic malodor. If so, choline challenge testing should be indicated for all such patients because trimethylaminuria is responsive to dietary and other treatments. We speculate that testing also might reveal cases of trimethylaminuria among those diagnosed with certain psychologic disorders, including olfactory reference syndrome.
Neutron Energy Distributions from Be, C, and Pb Bombarded by 245-Mev Protons

The energy distribution of the neutrons radiated by targets bombarded by protons of energy 244 Mev has been measured. Neutrons in the forward direction from Be, C, and Pb targets were observed, and in a direction 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} forward from Be and C targets.
Object tracking in an omni-directional mosaic

Large gains have been made in the automation of moving object detection and tracking. As these technologies continue to mature, the size of the field of regard and the range of tracked objects continue to increase. The use of a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera enables a surveillance system to observe a nearly 360° field of regard and track objects over a wide range of distances. However, use of a PTZ camera also presents a number of challenges. The first challenge is to determine how to optimally control the pan, tilt, and zoom parameters of the camera. The second challenge is to detect moving objects in imagery whose orientation and spatial resolution may vary on a frame-by-frame basis. This paper does not address the first issue, it is assumed that the camera parameters are controlled by either an operator or by an automated control process. We address only the problem of how to detect moving objects in imagery whose orientation and spatial resolution may vary on a frame-by-frame basis. We describe a system for detection and tracking of moving objects using a PTZ camera whose parameters are not under our control. A previously published background subtraction algorithm is extended to handle arbitrary camera rotation and zoom changes. This is accomplished by dynamically learning 360°, multi-resolution, background models of the scene. The background models are represented as mosaics on 3D cubes. Tracking of local scale-invariant distinctive image features allows the determination of the camera parameters and the mapping from the current image to the mosaic cube. We describe the real-time implementation of the system and evaluate its performance on a variety of PTZ camera data.
Symptoms in hospitalized patients: outcome and satisfaction with care.

Abstract PURPOSE: Physical symptoms are responsible for substantial morbidity in outpatients. We assessed symptoms in patients admitted to a hospital to determine their frequency, persistence at discharge, and the relation between symptom outcome and satisfaction with care. METHODS: During a 12-month period, 2,126 hospitalized medical patients completed a study interview within 2 hours of admission. More than half (n = 1,168) of the patients were re-interviewed within 24 hours of discharge. We ascertained the presence and severity of 11 physical symptoms, as well as activities of daily living, mobility, mood, self-rated health, physiologic severity of illness, satisfaction with care, and length of stay. RESULTS: Symptoms were common at the time of hospital admission, particularly fatigue (80% of patients), dyspnea (60%), cough (51%), dizziness (51%), headache (47%), chest pain (46%), and nausea or vomiting (43%). Individual symptoms failed to resolve by hospital discharge approximately 25% to 50% of the time. The three most prominent predictors of persistence of symptoms were shorter length of stay, severity of the symptom on admission, and total symptom count. Patient satisfaction with care was associated with total symptom severity score at discharge and the degree of symptomatic improvement that had occurred during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Because symptoms are common at discharge and associated with decreased satisfaction with care, asking about them would be a reasonable way to enhance patient-oriented care.
Harmonic measure for percolation and ising clusters including rare events.

We obtain the harmonic measure of the hulls of critical percolation clusters and Ising-model Fortuin-Kastelyn clusters using a biased random-walk sampling technique which allows us to measure probabilities as small as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}300}$. We find the multifractal $D(q)$ spectrum including regions of small and negative $q$. Our results for external hulls agree with Duplantier's theoretical predictions for $D(q)$ and his exponent $\ensuremath{-}23/24$ for the harmonic measure probability distribution for percolation. For the complete hull, we find the probability decays with an exponent of $\ensuremath{-}1$ for both systems.
Multiple steady states in a gas—liquid reactor

Abstract Analytical expressions describing the energy balance of (1) a single non-adiabatic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and (2) a cascade of n CS
APIs for real-time distributed object programming

Ideally, according to the author, a real-time distributed programming method should be based on a general high-level style that could be easily accommodated by application programmers using C++ and Java. If such a method were to exist, these programmers could specify the interactions among distributed components and the timing requirements of various actions without expending much effort. Facilitating high-level, high precision, real-time object programming by establishing some form of language tools has consequently become a subject of great interest to the embedded systems community. This article focuses on application programming interfaces (APIs) that take the form of C++ and Java class libraries and support high-level, high precision, real-time object programming without requiring new language translators. These APIs wrap the services of the real-time object execution engines, which consist of hardware, node OSs, and middleware; they enable convenient high-level programming almost to the extent that a new real-time object language can. The author explains the API's fundamental features, how they interact among real-time objects, and how multicast channels and real-time multicast APIs contribute.
The Ustilaginales as Plant Pests and Model Systems

The Ustilaginales are a vast and diverse group of fungi, which includes the plant pathogenic smuts that cause significant losses to crops worldwide. Members of the Ustilaginales are also valuable models for the unraveling of fundamental mechanisms controlling important biological processes. Ustilago maydis is an important fungal model system and has been well studied with regard to mating, morphogenesis, pathogenicity, signal transduction, mycoviruses, DNA recombination, and, recently, genomics. In this review we discuss the life cycles of members of the Ustilaginales and provide background on their economic impact as agricultural pests. We then focus on providing a summary of the literature with special attention to topics not well covered in recent reviews such as the use of U. maydis in mycovirus research and as a model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance and DNA recombination and repair.
SUPERVISED THERAPY IN SAN FRANCISCO

To the health care provider, tuberculosis is such a serious health issue that it should seem self-evident that the treatment plan must be followed. To the patient, it may just be one of many life problems to be faced daily. 6,7 How can we raise the priority of health in patients' lives? For directly observed therapy (DOT) to be effective, the patient must be a willing participant, coming daily or twice weekly to the clinic for treatment, or being available to meet an outreach worker regularly over many months. The reality of life "on the street" may lead the patient away from adherence and toward fulfilling the other needs for shelter, food, or addictions. Patients resent being told what to do. This may be manifested by active patient actions to undermine treatment, such as mouthing pills and then spitting them out, or refusing to open a door, or avoiding the outreach worker. 2,8 How can the health care provider avoid engendering this type of response? How can it be overcome?
Microstructural analysis of as-processed U―10 wt.%Mo monolithic fuel plate in AA6061 matrix with Zr diffusion barrier

Abstract For higher U-loading in low-enriched U–10 wt.%Mo fuels, monolithic fuel plate clad in AA6061 is being developed as a part of Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) program. This paper reports the first characterization results from a monolithic U–10 wt.%Mo fuel plate with a Zr diffusion barrier that was fabricated as part of a plate fabrication campaign for irradiation testing in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were employed for analysis. At the interface between the Zr barrier and U–10 wt.%Mo, going from Zr to U(Mo), UZr2, γ-UZr, Zr solid-solution and Mo2Zr phases were observed. The interface between AA6061 cladding and Zr barrier plate consisted of four layers, going from Al to Zr, (Al, Si)2Zr, (Al, Si)Zr3 (Al, Si)3Zr, and AlSi4Zr5. Irradiation behavior of these intermetallic phases is discussed based on their constituents. Characterization of as-fabricated phase constituents and microstructure would help understand the irradiation behavior of these fuel plates, interpret post-irradiation examination, and optimize the processing parameters of monolithic fuel system.
The physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording

Abstract The magnetic memory medium in present disk memories is a continuous film of independently switching single-domain particles. The granularity of the medium produces noise which becomes unacceptable at very small bit sizes. Reducing grain size, which reduces noise, is not possible beyond a critical size because of thermal instability of the magnetization. The consequences of this situation are discussed.
streetlife and the rewards of auto theft

Contemporary criminal decision-making theories suggest that offender's subjective assessments of the risks and rewards of crime must be understood within the context of their lives. The lives of most persistent thieves are characterized by an unending pursuit of good times and the expense of all else. The current study examines offenders' perceptions of the rewards of auto theft within the sociocultural context of streetlife. It relies on semi-structured interviews with auto thieves to determine how participation in streetlife facilitates offenders' decisions to engage in motor vehicle theft by providing the motivations for their behaviors. Results indicate that auto theft promotes streetlife by bankrolling their activities, giving the autonomy and freedom to travel at will, extend the excitement achieved from crime, and project an image of someone who has overcome the despair of the streets.
Surface reconstruction and vibrational excitations of Si(001).

We present theoretical studies of vibrational excitations on the Si(001) surface. Three different reconstructions based on the surface dimer model are considered. The theoretical model that we use consists of a tight-binding theory for structural energies that we have extended to include explicit electron-electron interactions in the form of an on-site repulsion term. Perturbation theory is applied to calculate the dynamical matrix of the system under study. The phonon spectrum of the Si(001) 2 x 1 surface is presented and analyzed: we observe a number of modes that are characteristic of the dimer reconstruction. The analysis of the vibrational excitations of the surface provides a microscopic explanation for the driving forces that lead to higher-order reconstructions, namely, p(2 x 2) and c(4 x 2) structures, and provides an insight into the question of the multiplicity of periodicities that are observed on this surface, even at low temperatures. Using linear-response theory, we calculate the dipole activity of surface phonons on the 2 x 1, p(2 x 2), and c(4 x 2) surfaces. The absorption spectra that we obtain can be used to characterize the periodicity of the surface; effects of surface symmetry and surface polarizability on the spectra are also discussed.
Interactive effects of local smoothing window size and fundamental frequency on shimmer calculation

Summary Slow amplitude modulation of human voice was approximated by a sinusoidal wave. The theoretical effects of smoothing window size, F 0 , and modulation frequency on window amplitude average as well as calculated shimmer were mathematically derived. Subsequently, the theoretical predictions were tested using idealized and real voice signals from normal speakers. The theoretical and experimental results suggest that shimmer (when calculated using a smoothing window) is a function of window duration and modulation frequency. Window duration when defined as a constant number of pitch periods varies from speaker to speaker depending on their F 0 . It may not be desirable to use local smoothing windows with a constant number of cycles for shimmer computation, especially if voices with known low-frequency amplitude modulations but notably different fundamental frequencies are compared.
Performance of reflection polarizers using bare semiconductor substrates in the visible and UV spectral range

Performance of reflection polarizers using bare semiconductor substrates in the visible and UV spectral range is presented. Performance evaluation based on extinction ratio, throughput, and sensitivity to angular and spectral variations of Si and Ge reflection polarizers are considered.
Aluminum stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro by a mechanism that is different from fluoride.

Micromolar concentrations of aluminum sulfate consistently stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and increased cellular alkaline phosphatase activity (an osteoblastic differentiation marker) in osteoblast-line cells of chicken and human. The stimulations were highly reproducible, and were biphasic and dose-dependent with the maximal stimulatory dose varied from experiment to experiment. The mitogenic doses of aluminum ion also stimulated collagen synthesis in cultured human osteosarcoma TE-85 cells, suggesting that aluminum ion might stimulate bone formation in vitro. The effects of mitogenic doses of aluminum ion on basal osteocalcin secretion by normal human osteoblasts could not be determined since there was little, if any, basal secretion of osteocalcin by these cells. 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 significantly stimulated the secretion of osteocalcin and the specific activity of cellular alkaline phosphatase in the human osteoblasts. Although mitogenic concentrations of aluminum ion potentiated the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent stimulation of osteocalcin secretion, they significantly inhibited the hormone-mediated activation of cellular alkaline phosphatase activity. Mitogenic concentrations of aluminum ion did not stimulate cAMP production in human osteosarcoma TE85 cells, indicating that the mechanism of aluminum ion does not involve cAMP. The mitogenic activity of aluminum ion is different from that of fluoride because (a) unlike fluoride, its mitogenic activity was unaffected by culture medium changes; (b) unlike fluoride, its mitogenic activity was nonspecific for bone cells; and (c) aluminum ion interacted with fluoride on the stimulation of the proliferation of osteoblastic-line cells, and did not share the same rate-limiting step(s) as that of fluoride. PTH interacted with and potentiated the bone cell mitogenic activity of aluminum ion, and thereby is consistent with the possibility that the in vivo osteogenic actions of aluminum ion might depend on PTH. In summary, low concentrations of aluminum ion could act directly on osteoblasts to stimulate their proliferation and differentiation by a mechanism that is different from fluoride.
Outcome of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia after second salvage therapy

BACKGROUND Although the prognosis is poor for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who have disease recurrence after frontline therapy, this is a general reflection of first salvage therapies. The outcome of patients undergoing second salvage therapy in relation to complete response (CR) rates and survival has not been documented. The authors analyzed the outcome of patients with AML undergoing second salvage therapy, and identified prognostic factors associated with response and survival. METHODS The records of 594 patients with AML undergoing second salvage therapy from 1980 until 2004 were reviewed. The patient median age was 50 years. Salvage therapy included allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in 74 patients, standard-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) combinations in 30 patients, high-dose ara-C combinations in 171 patients, non–ara-C combinations in 73 patients, and Phase I–II single agents in 246 patients. RESULTS Overall, 76 patients (13%) achieved CR. The median CR duration was 7 months. The median survival was 1.5 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 8%. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for CR identified the following 6 independent adverse factors: first CR duration 50 × 109/L. Patients were divided into low-risk (1–2 adverse factors; 8%), intermediate 1 (3 factors; 20%), intermediate 2 (4 factors; 38%), and high-risk groups (5–6 factors; 33%) with respective CR rates of 54%, 26%, 8%, and 0%. The respective 1-year survival rates were 36%, 21%, 6%, and 1%. A multivariate analysis for survival identified the following 7 independent adverse factors: first CR duration 60 years; bone marrow blasts ≥ 50%; and year of therapy before 1991. Patients were divided into low-risk (0–2 adverse factors; 39%), intermediate (3 factors; 27%), and high-risk groups (≥ 4 factors; 34%) with estimated 1-year survival rates of 22%, 6%, and 0%, respectively. The respective CR rates were 26%, 8%, and 2%. CONCLUSIONS The current analysis established the outcome and prognostic factors associated with second salvage therapy in AML. It also proposed risk models and groups that could be used for comparison of results of present and future investigational strategies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Distinguishing Optical Behavior of Oxygen States and Native Deep Level Emission in ZnTe

The introduction of oxygen in ZnTe provides an isoelectronic radiative defect that can form an intermediate band attractive for optoelectronic applications. ZnTe also exhibits native deep level emission in close spectral proximity to oxygen emission, which can obscure the understanding of these electronic states. The photoluminescence characteristics of ZnTe epitaxial layers on GaAs are studied with the intentional introduction of oxygen and native deep levels. Native deep level emission at 1.8 eV demonstrates a reduced quenching in emission at increasing temperature and dominates at room temperature. However, the overall radiative emission of oxygen states at 1.9 eV in ZnTeO is reduced in samples in which native deep level emission is present. Despite the radiative nature and weak temperature dependence of luminescence efficiency, oxygen incorporation demonstrates significantly higher radiative emission that is maximized with the reduction of the native deep level emission.
The CO Cameron band emission in the Red Rectangle

The origin of the strong CO Cameron band emission in the Red Rectangle is investigated. From a comparison of laboratory spectroscopic data and astronomical observations in combination with chemical modelling, it is concluded that the Cameron band emission of CO originates from the dissociative recombination of HCO+, and its intensity provides a measure of the product of the density of HCO+ ions and the electron density, integrated along the line of sight.
ADENINE ARABINOSIDE THERAPY OF HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS: NIAID COLLABORATIVE ANTIVIRAL STUDY GROUP

ADENINE ARABINOSIDE THERAPY OF HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS: NIAID COLLABORATIVE ANTIVIRAL STUDY GROUP
Abstract IA34: Hippo signaling in development and cancer

The Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size and tissue homeostasis in diverse species from Drosophila to mammals. Central to the Hippo pathway is a functionally conserved kinase cascade leading from the Ste20-like protein kinase Hippo (Hpo) (Mst1/2 in mammals) and the NDR family kinase Warts (Lats1/2 in mammals) to the transcription factor complex formed by the coactivator Yorkie (Yki) (YAP/TAZ in mammals) and its major DNA-binding partner Scalloped (Sd) (TEAD1/2/3/4 in mammals). Inactivation of the Hippo pathway tumor suppressors or overexpression/activation of the YAP oncoprotein results in uncontrolled growth and tumorigenesis in transgenic mouse models and has been implicated in diverse human cancers. Compared to the core kinase cascade leading from Hpo to Yki, signaling events upstream of the Hippo kinase cascade are less well understood. My presentation will focus on Merlin/NF2, which encodes a member of the ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) family of membrane-cytoskeleton adapter proteins. Merlin/NF2 was discovered twenty years ago as a tumor suppressor underlying Neurofibromatosis type II, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of benign schwannomas, meningiomas and ependymomas. Although it is generally believed that Merlin/NF2 impacts cell signaling as a membrane-cytoskeleton scaffold, its precise molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Recent studies in Drosophila revealed a potential link between Merlin and the Hippo pathway by placing Merlin genetically upstream of the kinase Hpo. These genetic findings have led to the prevailing view in the field that Merlin functions upstream of Hpo in a linear biochemical pathway, even though the genetic epistasis is equally compatible with Merlin and Hpo acting in parallel to promote Hippo signaling output. Using a combination of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry, we investigated the molecular relationship between Merlin/NF2 and the Hippo pathway in both Drosophila and mammals. In contrast to the commonly assumed linear pathway of Merlin/NF2 functioning through Hpo, we show that in both Drosophila and mammals, Merlin/NF2 promotes downstream Hippo signaling without activating the intrinsic kinase activity of Hpo. Instead, Merlin/NF2 directly binds and recruits the effector kinase Wts to plasma membrane. Membrane recruitment, in turn, promotes Wts phosphorylation and activation by the membrane-associated Hpo-Sav kinase complex. Accordingly, disease-causing mutations in Merlin/NF2 impair its ability to bind/recruit Wts to plasma membrane. Conversely, gain-of-function mutations in Merlin/NF2 potentiate its ability to bind/recruit Wts to plasma membrane. Our studies therefore uncover a critical function of Merlin in spatial organization of Hippo signaling at the plasma membrane. Citation Format: Duojia Pan. Hippo signaling in development and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA34.
The effect of preparation height and luting agent on the resistance form of cemented cast crowns under load fatigue.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The minimum amount of resistance form required for the success of a clinical crown is unknown.There is little information on the fatigue performance of complete coverage restorations on natural tooth preparations cemented with different luting cements. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth preparation height and luting agent on resistance form using unidirectional load fatigue testing. For a given tooth preparation with a clinically relevant total occlusal convergence (TOC), the adequacy of resistance form was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-four human maxillary premolars were prepared with occlusal-cervical dimensions of 2, 3,4, or 5 mm and a TOC of 20 degrees. Complete metal crowns were cemented using either zinc phosphate cement (HY Bond;ZP groups) or resin cement (Panavia F; PF groups). Cyclic load fatigue testing was done with an applied load of 6.0 kg at 2.6 Hz. Load cycles to preliminary failure were detected with a strain gauge at the palatal crown-tooth interface. Results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon post-hoc rank sum test (alpha=.05). RESULTS Groups ZP4, ZP5, PF2, PF3, PF4, and PF5 had the highest mean number of cycles to preliminary failure,while group ZP2 had the lowest mean number of cycles to failure. Group ZP2 was significantly different (P<.001) from all other test groups for the number of cycles to failure. CONCLUSIONS For the 2- and 3-mm preparation height groups, zinc phosphate cement exhibited a poorer fatigue performance compared to Panavia F. There was no significant difference in the number of cycles to failure for groups ZP4,ZP5, PF2, PF3, PF4, and PF5. For both cements, the number of cycles to failure increased with increasing resistance length. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:155-164)
Morphodensitometric analysis of protein kinase C βII expression in rat colon: modulation by diet and relation to in situ cell proliferation and apoptosis

We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of PKC βII renders transgenic mice more susceptible to carcinogeninduced colonic hyperproliferation and aberrant crypt foci formation. In order to further investigate the ability of PKC βII to modulate colonocyte cytokinetics, we determined the localization of PKC βII with respect to cell proliferation and apoptosis along the entire colonic crypt axis following carcinogen and diet manipulation. Rats were provided diets containing either corn oil [containing n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)] or fish oil (containing n-3 PUFA), cellulose (non-fermentable fiber) or pectin (fermentable fiber) and injected with azoxymethane (AOM) or saline. After 16 weeks, an intermediate time point when no macroscopic tumors are detected, colonic sections were utilized for immunohistochemical image analysis and immunoblotting. Cell proliferation was measured by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling. In the distal colon, PKC βII staining was localized to the upper portion of the crypt. In comparison, proximal crypts had more (P fish/cellulose, fish/pectin > corn/cellulose) in all regions of the distal colonic crypt. With respect to colonic cell kinetics, proliferation paralleled the increase in PKC βII expression in carcinogen-treated animals. In contrast, apoptosis at the lumenal surface was inversely proportional to PKC βII expression in the upper tertile. These results suggest that an elevation in PKC βII expression along the crypt axis in the distal colon is linked to enhancement of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, predictive intermediate biomarkers of tumor development. Therefore, select dietary factors may confer protection against colon carcinogenesis in part by blocking carcinogen-induced PKC βII expression.
An Exploratory Study of Domains of Parenting Concern among Mothers Who Are Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors

This study conducted an exploratory factor analysis and initial validation of Ruscio’s (2001) parenting attitudes questionnaire, which assessed parenting concerns among child sexual abuse survivors. Child sexual abuse survivor mothers (N = 60) reported on their abuse experiences and completed the parenting attitudes questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and subscales of the Parenting Stress Index and the Parent–Child Relationship Inventory. Three primary factors emerged: (a) concerns regarding the child’s sexuality and safety, (b) boundary disturbances within the child–survivor relationship, and (c) lack of energy for parenting due to recovery issues. Concerns about safety and sexuality and lack of energy for parenting were robust predictors of parenting outcomes. Assessment of such concerns may facilitate discussion of the balance between recovery work and parenting challenges.
An analysis of band profiles in the Raman spectra of an aqueous dispersion of sphingomyelin

Abstract Raman spectra have been obtain for an aqueous dispersion of the phospholipid sphingomyelin at temperatures in the range 22.5–47.0°C. A band profile analysis identifies 7 individual bands between 1000–1400 cm −1 . Changes in the intensity of the various components in this region are used to interpret the structural changes that occur when aqueous dispersions of sphingomyelin undergo an order-disorder transition.
Celibacy, Culture and Society: The Anthropology of Sexual Abstinence

Celibacy, Culture and Society: The Anthropology of Sexual Abstinence. Elisa J. Sobo and Sandra Bell. eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001. vii. 274 pp., index.
Therapeutic Myocardial Angiogenesis Via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Therapy Moving on Down the Road

Amid the criticisms levied at gene therapy researchers recently, the positive (yet preliminary) advances in therapies designed to elicit angiogenesis for the treatment of ischemic vascular disease, such as the current report by Vale and colleagues,1 are a breath of fresh air for cardiovascular specialists and their patients. Although therapeutic angiogenesis is still in its nascent stages (and its benefits unproven), the contrarian tactics employed by this group are reaping dividends. Whereas the standard approach of gene therapists has been to use viral-based vectors to treat otherwise lethal diseases, the scientists attempting to evoke therapeutic angiogenesis in this report chose to treat patients in whom the benefits may be primarily symptomatic, and they used a relatively low-tech, non–viral-based delivery system. The notion that collateral circulation can protect ischemic tissues is not new; it dates back to the observations of early angiographers, who discovered that patients with severe coronary artery disease and preserved ventricular function frequently formed networks of collateral vessels. However, the ability to augment collateral vessel formation awaited the discovery of specific angiogenic factors. Several groups embraced the idea that angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), could be harnessed to improve the perfusion of ischemic tissues. Indeed, early animal studies were promising, demonstrating that recombinant VEGF administered intravenously enhanced collateral formation in ischemic tissues.2 3 Demonstrating that a single injection of VEGF was effective provided a proof-of-principle experiment. However, it was unclear whether this strategy would be translatable to humans given the differences in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these growth factors and the complexity added by the presence of underlying atherosclerosis in human patients. Some investigators chose to modulate the delivery of angiogenic proteins so that their effects were concentrated and sustained, for example, by intrapericardial delivery.4 Others, including the group led …
KUHN AND PHILOSOPHY

Initially trained as a physicist, Kuhn became a leading and extraordinarily influential figure in the history of science. He saw his work in the history of science as contributing to a novel philosophical conception of the nature of science. At the outset of Structure, for example, Kuhn announces his intention to replace the “development-by-accumulation” model he associates with the philosophical tradition before him—including, in particular, what he calls “early logical positivism”—with a new model of radical conceptual discontinuity or incommensurability. Structure was written during Kuhn's tenure teaching philosophy and history of science at Berkeley, and, shortly after its publication, he took up a new post as professor of philosophy and history of science at Princeton. From 1983 until his death in 1996 Kuhn was professor of philosophy at MIT, where he attempted further to articulate his conception of incommensurability, taking account of developments in linguistics and philosophy of language.
John 1.43-51 and 'the Son of Man' in the Fourth Gospel

Most scholars agree that the Fourth Gospel's Christology is essentially incarnational in nature, but there is no scholarly consensus regarding the relation of the title 'Son of Man' to the incamational Christology. An examination of Jn 1.43—51—the peri cope containing the first 'Son of Man' reference—suggests a deliberate juxtaposition of the three titles 'Son of God', 'Son of Joseph', and 'Son of Man'. 'Son of God' emphasizes the heavenly origin and divine nature of Jesus, and 'Son of Joseph' his earthly origin and human nature. The resulting christological tension is restored by the title 'Son of Man'—a term implying either human or (with reference to Dan. 7.13-14) more-than-human nature, and, already in the pre-Johannine tradition, applied to Jesus. Precisely as 'Son of Man', Jesus is the 'ladder' between the heavenly and the earthly, between God and humankind.
Meshless shape design sensitivity analysis and optimization for contact problem with friction

In this paper, a continuum-based shape design sensitivity formulation for a frictional contact problem with a rigid body is proposed using a meshless method. The contact condition is imposed using the penalty method that regularizes the solution of variational inequality. The shape dependency of the contact variational form with respect to the design velocity field is obtained. The dependency of the response with respect to the shape of the rigid body is also considered. It is shown that the sensitivity equation needs to be solved at the final converged load step for the frictionless contact problem, whereas for the frictional contact case the sensitivity solution is needed at the converged configuration of each load step because the sensitivity of the current load step depends on that of the previous load step. The continuum-based contact formulation and consistent linearization is critical for accurate shape design sensitivity results. The accuracy of the proposed method is compared with the finite difference result and excellent agreement is obtained for a door seal contact example. A design optimization problem is formulated and solved to reduce the contact gap opening successfully in a demonstration of the proposed method.
Assignment of Polarization-Dependent Peaks in Carbon K-Edge Spectra from Biogenic and Geologic Aragonite

Many biominerals, including mollusk and echinoderm shells, avian eggshells, modern and fossil bacterial sediments, planktonic coccolithophores, and foraminifera, contain carbonates in the form of biogenic aragonite or calcite. Here we analyze biogenic and geologic aragonite using different kinds of surface- and bulksensitive X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge, as well as highresolution scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). Besides the well-known main π* and σ* carbonate peaks, we observed and fully characterized four minor peaks, at energies between the main π* and σ* peaks. As expected, the main peaks are similar in geologic and biogenic aragonite, while the minor peaks differ in relative intensity. In this and previous work, the minor peaks appear to be the ones most affected in biomineralization processes, hence the interest in characterizing them. Peak assignment was achieved by correlation of polarization-dependent behavior of the minor peaks with that of the main π* and σ* peaks. The present characterization provides the background for future studies of aragonitic biominerals.
Application of FirstEF to Find Promoters and First Exons in the Human Genome

Predicting first exons and promoters is an important part of gene finding in DNA sequence analysis. This unit presents FirstEF as a method for predicting the first exons and promoters. A combines FirstEF predictions with other information such as cDNA/EST matches.
The Chattering Analysis

This paper presents analysis of the chattering and a new approach of the chattering suppression. The chattering caused by the unmodeled dynamics is discussed and analyzed by the Lyapunov method and the describing function approach. It is shown that the amplitude of chattering depends on the magnitude of discontinuous control. To reduce the chattering, new sliding mode control design is proposed using the methods of changing switching gain along the system states or the magnitude of equivalent control. To support the methods, simulation results are provided.
Non-caseating granulomas in patients after the diagnosis of cancer: clinical characteristics and outcome

Background: The association between cancer and non-caseating granulomas is controversial. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of a cohort of patients found to have noncaseating granulomas following the diagnosis of cancer.Methods: Retrospective review of medical records. Results: There were 30 patients with non-caseating granulomas following the diagnosis of cancer. There were 21 females and 14 patients were African Americans. Breast, lung, and head and neck cancers were the most common malignancies. The time between the diagnosis of cancer and non-caseating granulomas was a mean of 27.6 months (range 3 to 245 months). New mediastinal lymphadenopathy were present in 29 patients and pulmonary infiltrates or nodules were detected in 15 patients. All patients who underwent FDG-PET scan (n=18) had FDG avid findings with a mean SUV of 6.8 (range 2.8-19.4). Non-caseating granulomas were diagnosed by mediastinoscopy (12 patients), EBUS-FNA (6 patients), surgical thoracic biopsy (3 patients), transbronchial biopsy (2 patients), and other biopsies (7 patients). Patients were followed for a mean of 32.7 months (range 6-98 months) and 3 patients developed recurrence of the primary cancer. Conclusion: Non-caseating granulomas should be considered in patients with cancer who develop lymphadenopathy or pulmonary nodules. Recurrence of cancer should not always be assumed, and tissue diagnosis is essential.
Integration of capacity factors analysis risk methodology and Ostrom's social ecological system assessment framework to assess and improve domestic water infrastructure in Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Over the past 50 years, both financing and socio-economic considerations in South India have shifted heavily towards improving urban infrastructure, causing rural services to be left behind. A recent report released by WHO and UNICEF states that over 884 million people, 84% of whom live in rural areas, use “unimproved water sources” for domestic purposes. This paper considers the case study of Nalgonda, a district to the east of Hyderabad, India. Nalgonda struggles with three main issues concerning domestic water: high fluoride levels in groundwater have caused thousands of cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis; second, over two-thirds of Nalgonda does not meet the WHO-requirement of 40 liters per capita daily of domestic water supply; third, poor management and maintenance have increased the risk of failure of existing water infrastructure. The state has been pursuing these issues in conjunction with a multi-district irrigation project that taps the regional Nagarjuna Sagar Dam. Centralized water supply, treatment, and distribution services are appropriate for high population density areas; however, geographical expanse and sparse populations lead to onerous access to improved water sources and inhibit the success of a similar centralized framework in rural areas. This is compounded by a lack of ownership at the habitation and socio-cultural levels. Further, the current water network and its problems — including inconsistent service, corruption, and general distrust of the treated Sagar water — have emboldened wealthier citizens to build private, unregulated groundwater defluoridation plants and commercialize small-scale water businesses. Inequitable services and uncertainty of shared water resources have caused a “tragedy of the commons,” leading to growing disparity and a severely receding water table. This research proposes the Louis-Ostrom Comprehensive Capacity Assessment (LOCCA) tool — an integration of the quantitative Capacity Factors Analysis risk methodology and the qualitative Ostrom's framework for assessing socio-ecological systems (SESs). The new framework is used to provide a sample assessment of the Vaillapally habitation in Narayanpur Mandal, Nalgonda. Preliminary results indicate that the institutional, technical, and socio-cultural capacity factors must progress to meet the policymakers' current projects technical capacity. Alternatively, decentralized systems, such as rainwater harvesting technology, better serve rural areas with low capacity and demand, while increasing collective investment in village-scale systems.
Participation in Strategic Decision Making: The Role of Organizational Predisposition and Issue Interpretation*

Each time managers are faced with a strategic decision they decide how to decide. Specifically, they make choices about who has necessary information and, therefore, who needs to participate in the decision. Such responses to strategic issues are believed to be affected by the way in which decision makers interpret issues. However, organizations develop habitual responses to issues and may be predisposed because of their attention to rules and routines, or because of past performance, to respond to strategic issues in certain ways regardless of how issues are interpreted. We examined the direct and indirect effects of predisposition (rule orientation and past financial performance) and interpretation of strategic issues on the participation of internal stakeholder groups in strategic decision making. Executives in 52 organizations indicated that rule orientation and performance are directly linked to participation in strategic decision making, and that interpretation and rule orientation are directly linked to each other. Implications for managers include the notion that any effort to improve decision-making effectiveness by shaping how organizational members frame and interpret issues will be constrained by the organization's existing routines as well as its past performance.
A keyword based scheme to define engineering education research as a field and its members

In the last three decades, engineering education research (EER) has made remarkable progress towards a field of interdisciplinary scholarship. This paper defines EER by developing a keyword-based scheme for exploring EER-related scientific publications and collaboration. The keyword-based scheme refers to a conceptual framework we have developed for generating a parsimonious list of keywords which are salient in EER. The generated keywords were used to collect bibliographic records from ISI Web of Science® (WoS), a citation index providing access to the world's leading citation databases and journals. To perform a comprehensive search for EER-related literature by employing the range of truncation rules and the advanced search options available in WoS, the project makes following contributions to the current knowledge base on interdisciplinary research in EE: (1) engineering education research is operationalized as a sophisticated and systematically derived set of keywords and (2) the method of the current study may serve as a significant step towards quantitative analysis of new scientific field.
Low-Level Jet Development during a Numerically Simulated Return Flow Event

The evolution of the southerly low-level jet (LLJ) during a return flow event is studied using output from the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (Version 4). Three geographically different southerly LLJs develop in the simulation: one over the southern Plains of the United States, a second southwest of Brownsville, Texas, and a third over the western Gulf of Mexico. The LLJ over the Plains is found to form first as an inertial oscillation and later as a response to lee troughing and an elevated mixed layer that develops over the region. Over Mexico, the temperature structure over the Altiplanicie Mexicana (Mexican High Plain) is responsible for a locally intense low-level pressure gradient east of the High Plain which remains nearly stationary over two diurnal cycles. The LLJ over the western Gulf of Mexico results largely from topographic blocking of the low-level southerly flow by the eastern end of the Neovolcanic Cordillera northwest of Veracruz, Mexico. The evolution of the lower troposphere over the southern Plains resembles the Carlson and Ludlam conceptual model for a severe storm environment, but the structure of the return flow is complex. When midlevel westerlies are weak, mesoscale and boundary layer processes govern the development of LLJs. As the west and southwesterly winds increase with an approaching upper-level disturbance, synoptic influences overwhelm the mesoscale processes leading to a single, larger-scale LLJ.
Data Prefetching by Exploiting Global and Local Access Patterns

This paper proposes a new hardware prefetcher that extends the idea of the Global History Buffer (GHB) originally proposed in [1]. We augment the GHB with several Local History Buffers (LHBs), which keep the memory access information for selective program counters. These buffers can then be queried on cache accesses to predict future memory accesses and enable data prefetching using novel detection schemes. Our trace-driven simulations show that by using approximately a 4KByte (32 Kbits) storage budget, we can obtain an average performance improvement of 22% for SPEC2006 benchmark suite on an ideal out-of-order processor.
Ecology, Biology, and Management of Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with Emphasis on Coffee in Hawaii

The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attacks >200 species of plants. This ambrosia beetle occurs on all the major islands of Hawaii and is a threat to some native plants and coffee plantations. Female beetles bore entry holes and excavate tunnels inside branches, which are inoculated with fungus to provide a food source for larvae. Two types of damages are described—1) superficial boring limited to the phloem and 2) cutting of the vascular tissue which subsequently reach the pith of the stem to make galleries. In this article, we discuss the life cycle, biology, plant damage characteristics, and management alternatives of X. compactus , focusing on coffee plants.