cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Platform Digital Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Disrupsi

The era of disruption has had a major impact and influence on the entire learning system of Christian Religious Education (PAK), so that schools and teachers are required to follow this change in the learning system. Even learning in schools is no longer carried out directly but virtual (online) to the influence caused by the era of disruption through platforms that support the learning process. Therefore, in this study, the researcher aims to describe the use of digital platforms in PAK learning in the ERA of disruption. By using a qualitative approach, literature review and literature study by analyzing, then suggesting a PAK learning in the era of disruption. The sources that are prioritized are analyzing including the results of research contained in literature study journals and observing those in accordance with the title of writing. The results of the study of the era of disruption and the use of digital platforms for learning will have an impact on PAK learning, so the author will adjust this phenomenon to what should be done by teachers or education that follows the times in the era of disruption. Abstrak Era disrupsi memberikan dampak dan pengaruh besar kepada seluruh sistem pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK), sehingga sekolah maupun guru dituntut untuk mengikuti perubahan sistem pembelajaran ini. Pembelajaran di sekolah tidak lagi dilakukan secara langsung melainkan secara maya (online). Hal ini menuntut untuk penggunaan platform-platform digital yang dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penggunaan platform digital pada pembelajaran PAK di ERA disrupsi. Untuk mengungkapkan tujuan ini, maka peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan studi pustaka dengan menganalisis, kemudian mengemukakan sebuah pembelajaran PAK di era disrupsi. Hasil kajian didapati bahwa penggunaan platform digital yang tepat untuk pembelajaran akan berdampak kepada efektivitas dan berjalan lancarnya proses belajar mengajar PAK
Comparing the effect of whey protein preheating temperatures on the color expression and stability of anthocyanins from different sources

Abstract Anthocyanins (ACN) are natural colorants that provide bright colors to food products. However, their limited stability in food matrices represents a challenge to their application. Whey protein (WP) has the potential to interact with ACN and enhance their color stability. This study compared the effects of WP preheating temperature on color, stability (heat, UV light and storage) and antioxidation capacity of three different commercial ACN-based colorants. WP (1 mg/mL) was preheated from 40 to 80 °C for 30 min. ACN from grape, purple corn or black carrot were added to the preheated or native WP solutions and the mixtures were stored in the dark at 4 °C for 4 weeks to evaluate their storage stability. Antioxidation capacity was measured using the DPPH method. Heat stability was tested by heating WP-ACN mixtures at 90 °C for 2 h. UV light stability was measured by exposing the samples to 254 nm UV light for up to 150mins. WP addition improved ACN color stability during storage, with the smallest color change occurring when WP was preheated to 50 °C. UV light-induced ACN color degradation decreased by 10–20% (p
Immunologic response of swine to solubilized outer envelope components of Treponema hyodysenteriae

The outer envelope of Treponema hyodysenteriae strain B204 was solubilized with CHAPS detergent, a zwitterionic derivative of cholic acid. At least two T. hyodysenteriae specific proteins were identified by agar gel double diffusion and SDS PAGE of immune precipitates using rabbit anti-T. hyodysenteriae serum absorbed over a Treponema innocens strain 8256, a nonpathogen, affinity column. A passive immunity study indicated swine dysentery recovered sows provided protection to their piglets via the milk up until weaning. An amplified ELISA detected IgA specific antibodies to partially purified outer envelope antigens. Levels of IgA antibodies to fractions containing T. hyodysenteriae specific proteins were associated with passive protection to swine dysentery. Four groups of pigs were vaccinated intraperitoneally with prepara­ tions containing T. hyodysenteriae specific proteins. Although protection against swine dysentery was not complete, shedding of T. hyodysenteriae and onset of clinical signs in three of the groups were delayed.
Chapter 1 MBE Growth and Electrical Properties of Wide Bandgap ZnSe-based II-VI Semiconductors

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the role played by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in the development of the blue/green light emitters. It provides an insight into the problems, including both the sample growth and characterization, associated with the MBE of the wide bandgap II-VI compound semiconductors. The MBE growth technique contributed much to the development of the wide bandgap II-VI. The current low level of extended defects, now into the l0 3 cm -2 , is respectable for any heterostructure system. The ability to form quantum well structures to reach useful levels of p and n -doping, the means for forming ohmic contacts to p -ZnSe and the ability to grow a variety of alloys of ZnSe led to the present injection laser diodes.
Electronic spectra of organic molecules and their interpretation—V : Effect of terminal groups containing multiple bonds on the K-bands of conjugated systems

Abstract The investigation of the effect of terminal groups of absorbing (conjugated) systems on the corresponding K-bands is extended to groups containing multiple bonds. A consistent theoretical interpretation of all observations is given based on the consideration of the electronic perturbations in the excited state (due to Heisenberg resonance) and the view that organic molecules are built up of localised bonds and involve inductive electron-shifts only. The empirical comparative analysis of the experimental data shows conclusively that, in contrast to the conclusions arrived at by mathematical methods, the 2000 A, and not the 1800 A, band system of benzene corresponds to an excited state of the (approximate) symmetry 1E1μ (involving an allowed transition characteristic for all K-bands).
Unknown primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment.

Background Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. The majority of MECs occur in major or intraoral minor salivary glands. Herein, we present a case of MEC metastatic to cervical lymph nodes with an unknown primary site and discuss diagnostic and treatment options. Methods and Results The patient was a 43-year-old man who presented with a large right-sided neck mass. Excisional biopsy demonstrated MEC involving multiple lymph nodes. Subsequent positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and multiple biopsies of potential primary sites failed to localize the primary tumor. The patient was treated with radiation to the ipsilateral neck and parotid/submandibular glands and has no evidence of disease 1 year after completion of treatment. Conclusion MEC presenting as cervical lymph node metastasis with an undiagnosed primary site is extremely rare. We report results of our literature review and provide a rationale for our experience in treating unknown primary MEC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E22-E25, 2015
A More Meaningful Citizenship Test - Unmasking the Construction of a Universalist, Principle-Based Citizenship Ideology

principle-centered community, but to expand the notion of citizenship to include notions of othemess, through which we can identify with democratic principles and forge a unified identity. This is the rhetorical and ideological challenge we face. Only then will citizenship be sufficiently inclusive and truly meaningful. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.255 on Wed, 25 May 2016 06:48:23 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1032 CALIFORNIA LA WRE VIEW [Vol. 96:999
Effects of Shiga toxin 2 on isolated porcine granulocytes

iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 General Introduction 1 Objectives and Specific Aims 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 Stx2 and rStxB2 15 Isolation of Porcine Granulocytes 16 Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Stx2 and rStxB2 Binding and Gb3/CD77 Expression by Porcine Granulocytes 17 Stx2 Binding to Porcine Granulocytes at 4°C 17 Flow Cytometric Analysis 19 Fluorescence Microscopic Evaluation of Stx2 Binding 19 Flow Cytometric rStxB2 Binding Assays 20 Flow Cytometric Gb3/CD77 Receptor Assay 21 Stx2 and rStxB2 Binding to Porcine Granulocytes Under Conditions Required for Functional Studies 21 Internalization of Stx2 and rStxB2 22 Effect of Stx2 on Granulocyte Apoptosis 23 Effect of Stx2 on Granulocyte Oxidative Burst 24 Statistical Analysis 25
Design of aggressive superconducting TFCX magnet systems

An investigation of several fundamental limits of machine design indicate that a machine fitting the specifications of the Tokamak Fusion Core Experiment (TFCX) can be built with both a superconducting toroidal field (TF) coil set and a plasma major radius of less than 3.2 m. This small size is achieved by accepting a peak nuclear heat load of 50 (kW)(m/sup -3/) in the TF coin inner leg while operating at a 10-T maximum field with a current density of 35 (A)(mm/sup -2/) in the winding pack. This performance, high by traditional standards, is justified based on developments in forced flow conductor technology using Nb/sub 3/Sn composite superconductors.
Implications for Sexual Assault Prevention: College Students as Prosocial Bystanders

Prosocial bystander interventions are promising approaches to sexual assault prevention on college campuses. Objective: To assess bystander attitudes among undergraduate students at a northeastern ...
Propionic acid as a precursor in the biosynthesis of animal fatty acids

The carboxyl carbon of propionate was found to be a poor precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids in the rat. The data indicate that propionate as a three-carbon unit is not incorporated into long-chain fatty acids by the intact rat to any appreciable extent. The results also suggest that the conversion of propionate to long-chain fatty acids in surviving adipose tissue occurs primarily by a mechanism involving the decarboxylation of the propionate. These data are consistent with the concept that the major pathway of lipogenesis in adipose tissue is not different from pathways described for the liver. A small fraction of the propionate is converted to long-chain fatty acids in adipose tissue in vitro by a mechanism that involves the use of propionate as an intact three-carbon unit, but in any case, its significance in the intact animal would appear to be negligible.
Cosmologies of Capability, Markets and Wisdom of Crowds: Introduction and Comparative Agenda

The ability—or ‘capability’—to do something has much to do with the nature of the individuals involved and the aggregate and emergent outcomes of their interactions. I focus on the endogenous origins of capability in organizations and markets, in response to cosmologies of capability and organization that focus on the exogenous environment (selection or external categories), behavioral learning and related mechanisms (association or analogy). I look at capabilities comparatively—across forms, contexts and even species—and discuss their aggregate, emergent nature. I introduce the special issue papers and discuss a broader agenda on endogenous capabilities, aggregation and comparative organization.
Orientation effect on recovery and recrystallization of cold rolled niobium single crystals

Abstract Single crystal sheets of niobium with initial orientations of (0 0 1) [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] , (1 1 0) [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] and (1 1 1) [ 1 1 ¯ 0 ] were rolled at room temperature in the strain range of 25–50%. The deformed specimens were vacuum annealed at temperatures of 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C for 3 h. TEM, SEM-OIM and optical microscopy revealed orientation stability in (0 0 1) and (1 1 0) rolled samples with no recrystallization observed after annealing. Samples rolled along (1 1 1) partially recrystallized after annealing at 1000 °C and 1200 °C. A relatively small increase was observed in hardness of (0 0 1) rolled crystals between 25% and 50% strain, implying low work hardening rates. (1 1 1) rolled samples showed higher hardening rates, and enhanced recovery in hardness values after annealing, due to partial recrystallization. Conditions have been identified for the deformation and annealing of niobium single crystals, enabling the preservation of single crystal structure and near-complete recovery of mechanical properties. A simple crystallographic model is proposed, giving an explanation for the observed orientation stability in (0 0 1) and (1 1 0) rolled samples, and the tendency towards instability and recrystallization in (1 1 1) rolled samples.
Abrupt climate change: Debate or action

Global abrupt climate changes have been documented by various climate records, including ice cores, ocean sediment cores, lake sediment cores, cave deposits, loess deposits and pollen records. The climate system prefers to be in one of two stable states, i.e. interstadial or stadial conditions, but not in between. The transition between two states has an abrupt character. Abrupt climate changes are, in general, synchronous in the northern hemisphere and tropical regions. The timescale for abrupt climate changes can be as short as a decade. As the impacts may be potentially serious, we need to take actions such as reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
Foliations by complex curves and the geometry of real surfaces of finite type

We show that if the Levi form of a smooth CR manifold is de-generate in every conormal direction, then on a dense open set, the manifold is foliated by complex curves. As a consequence we show that every real analytic manifold of finite D'Angelo type can be stratified so that each stratum locally is contained in a Levi nondegenerate hypersurface.
The effect of proteoglycans on the formation of fibrils from collagen solutions.

The precipitation of collagen fibrils from solutions at 37 °C and approximately physiological pH and ionic strength is retarded markedly in the presence of small amounts of proteoglycan monomer (PGS), proteoglycan aggregate (PGC), reduced and alkylated PGS, or cyanogen bromide-cleavage products of PGS. The polysaccharide-peptide fragments produced from PGS with papain, trypsin, cathepsin D, or the protein core obtained by the digestion of PGS with chondroitinase ABC are ineffective in this regard. In the presence of the materials which affected the rate of precipitation of the collagen fibrils, the specific absorbance, ΔAsp, of the collagen gels was directly related to specific retardation, Rsp, when the ratio of proteoglycan to collagen was less than 25 μg/mg, suggesting that the size and/or organization of the fibrils in the gels was dependent on the presence of proteoglycans. PGS binds to collagen if it is present in the solution before the collagen fibrils form and at a maximum of about 1 molecule of PGS for every 25–30 molecules of collagen. Although the protein core of PGS does not retard fibrillogenesis, it does bind to collagen and does so even in the presence of PGS. The data support the thesis that the organization of collagen fibrils in tissues may be related to amounts and kinds of proteoglycans in the tissues.
Field emission cathode array development for high-current-density applications

Abstract This paper reports on the present status of the field emission cathode array [1] development program at SRI International. Recent efforts have been directed toward improving the fabrication technology with regard to uniformity and yield, studying means of increasing the packing density of the emitter tip arrays, and investigating high-current-density operation. The results show that cathodes of this type can achieve current densities of more than 50 A/cm 2 , and that lifetimes of well in excess of 50,000 h can be expected under controlled conditions.
Varieties of psychiatric criticism

I present a brief overview of the history of psychiatric criticism, followed by a critique of modern objections to diverse psychiatric practices, focusing on the critics’ neglect of the core proble...
Sonographic visualization of the ovaries throughout pregnancy

Objective To determine the frequency with which one or both normal ovaries can be visualized during a routine obstetric ultrasound examination. Methods The population consisted of 5617 pregnant women at 5.0–39.9 weeks' gestation, studied cross-sectionally. The sonographic visualization rate for one or both normal ovaries, as well as their position above or below the level of the umbilicus, was recorded for one examination in each patient. Results The study population was divided into three groups according to gestational age: first trimester, 5.0–12.9 weeks; second trimester, 13.0–26.9 weeks; and third trimester, 27.0–39.9 weeks. There were 829, 3195, and 1593 women in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Most women were examined transvaginally in the first trimester; transabdominal sonography was used in the second and third trimesters. The ability to visualize one or both ovaries declined significantly (P Conclusion As gestational age advances, there is a significant reduction in the ultrasound visualization rate of normal ovaries. This investigation provides normative data for ovarian visualization throughout pregnancy that may be helpful in establishing ultrasound laboratory standards.
Integrating planning and sustainability theory for local benefit

Abstract The premise of this article is that prevailing planning theory has emerged primarily from a Newtonian (modernist) social context and is not well integrated conceptually with current developments in sustainability theory as represented by its various contributory disciplines. Approaches in the biophysical sciences, for example, are increasingly based on nonlinear, complexly interrelated conceptions of revolutionary development, whereas planning approaches are typically more compartmentalised, mechanistic and linear in character. To construct more workable linkages for local community/environmental planning, revolutionary theory is employed in this article to deal with the epistemological and methodological differences indicated. The proposed synthesis combines mutually reinforcing conceptions of epistemology, cultural pluralism, community and progress. Implications for practice of local planning are drawn with reference to the long‐term goal of socioenvironmental sustainability, defined as a balan...
Defect Reactions Induced by Reactive Ion Etching

Reactive ion etching (RIE) causes substrate surface contamination, substrate damage, and induces defect reactions to produce carrier traps at depths into µm range. We have developed a model describing the indiffusion of interstitials and the subsequent reactions in the defect reaction region to predict the defect depth profiles. We formulate the reaction kinetics as a series of 1-D coupled interstitial diffusion-reaction partial differential equations (PDEs) with a moving boundary. The predicted defect depth profiles are consistent with those measured in the photoluminescence (PL) experiments. We conclude that the defect depth profiles are determined by interstitial diffusion coefficient (Di), etch rate (νE), etch time (tE), defect reaction rate (K), and background dopant and impurity concentrations ([C], [B] and [O]) in the Si substrate. The µm range defect depth profiles can be explained as: (i) fast diffuser Si self-interstitial (Sii) indiffusion to a µm depth range of (Di/K)1/2 limited by [C] and [B]; (ii) the generation of carbon and boron interstitials (Ci and Bi) through the Watkins replacement reactions, and (iii) the formation of Ci- and Bi-related defect pairs through diffusion limited pairing reactions. Ci and Bi indiffusion are limited by νE and extremely shallow (Di}/νE) during a typical RIE process with νE≈1000°/min and tE}≈10min. The indiffusion of vacancies (V), contamination from the etching plasma and enhanced diffusion effects are also considered in the model.
Human histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) acetylates lysine 5 of histone H2A in vivo

The primary structure of Histone Acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) has been conserved throughout evolution; however, despite its ubiquity, its cellular function is not well characterized. To study its in vivo acetylation pattern and function, we utilized shRNAmir against Hat1 expressed in the well-substantiated HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell line. To reduce the interference by enzymes with similar HAT specificity, we used HeLa cells expressing histone acetyltransferase Tip60 with mutated acetyl-CoA binding site that abrogates its enzyme activity (mutant HeLa-tip60). Two shRNAmir were identified that reduced the expression of the cytoplasmic and nuclear forms of Hat1. Cytosolic protein preparations from these two clones showed decreased levels of acetylation of lysine 5 (K5) and K12 on histone H4, with the concomitant loss of the acetylation of histone H2A at K5. This pattern of decreased acetylation of H2AK5 was well defined in preparations of histone protein and insoluble nuclear-protein (INP) fractions as well. Abrogating the Hat1 expression caused a 74% decrease in colony-forming efficiency of mutant HeLa-tip60 cells, reduced the size of the colonies by 50%, and decreased the amounts of proteins with molecular weights below 35 kDa in the INP fractions.
An immobilized immuno-stirrer for the determination of creatine kinase-mb isoenzyme in blood serum

Abstract An immobilized immuno-stirrer is described for the determination of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme in blood serum. The IgG antibodies are immobilized on alkylamine glass beads using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking reagent, and the beads are packed into a rotating porous cell. After incubation with stirring, the CK-M isoenzymes in the blood serum sample are inhibited and are bound to the antibodies inside the stirrer. The residual CK-B isoenzyme activity is then determined spectrophotometrically or electrochemically. The binding capacity of the immuno-stirrer to CK-M isoenzyme was estimated to be 800 Ul-1 with an average inhibitory efficiency of 97.8%. The within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation were 5% and 4%, respectively, over a period of 52 days. An immuno-stirrer loaded with antibodies attached to cyanogen bromide-activated cellulose beads was also characterized, but the antibodies were not as stable as on glass beads.
Applications of feedback in functional programming

The use of feedback loops in functional programming languages is explored, particularly in the context of graph-based semantic models. In this setting, program cycles (termed “applicative loops”) offer benefits that are both conceptual (e.g. providing simpler programs) and pragmatic (e.g. offering improved execution efficiency). These benefits are discussed under three general categories, each illustrated with a sample problem: (1) direct encoding of cyclic stream processing algorithms, illustrated by a Dynamo-style “continuous” simulation; (2) resolution of complex evaluation order problems, illustrated by attribute grammar parsing; (3) programmed management of computational aggressiveness, illustrated by a bounded-buffer controller.
Voriconazole-induced periostitis in two post-transplant patients

While drug-related periostitis has been known of for many years, the specific association of diffuse periostitis with voriconazole (most frequently in transplant patients) has only been recently explicitly addressed in the literature. Recognition of the radiologic and clinical manifestations of voriconazole-related periostitis is important for helping to narrow an otherwise broad differential diagnosis. We present two cases that illustrate different radiologic presentations of this painful cause of diffuse periostitis. Case 1 features a 60 year-old woman with a history of orthotopic heart transplant who was hospitalized for "full body pain" with progressively worsening bone tenderness involving the humeri, knees, femurs, hips, and hands. Case 2 describes a 48 year-old man with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia status post stem cell transplant who presented with diffuse arthralgias involving bilateral ankles, knees, wrists, and elbows.
Simulation of Pilot Workload for a Helicopter Operating in a Turbulent Ship Airwake

AbstractThis article describes a recent study in helicopter/ship dynamic interface simulation to examine pilot workload in the presence of a ship's airwake. The flight dynamics model represents a UH-60 helicopter and is based on the GENHEL software. This flight model has been updated to include a high-order dynamic inflow model and gust penetration effects of the time-varying ship airwake. The airwake model is derived from time-accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions and provides an appropriately detailed level of fidelity to capture its effect on pilot workload. To simulate pilot control inputs for shipboard approach operations, an optimal control model of the human pilot is developed. The pilot model can be easily tuned to achieve different tracking performances, based on a desired crossover frequency, in each control axis and is designed to operate over a range of airspeeds using a simple gain scheduling algorithm. The pilot model is used to predict pilot workload for shipboard approaches...
The bacteriophage phi29 packaging proteins supercoil the DNA ends.

Bacteriophage φ29 DNA with covalently bound terminal protein (DNA-gp3) and its left and right-end restriction fragments (L and R-DNA-gp3) sedimented faster in sucrose density gradients than their proteinase K-treated counterparts, and the faster sedimentation was both gp3 and Mg2+-dependent. Addition of gp16, the φ29 DNA packaging ATPase, further increased the sedimentation rates of both intact DNA-gp3 and L and R-DNA-gp3 fragments. Thus, DNAs with gp3 were more compact than gp3-free DNA, and gp16 further condensed the DNA-gp3 forms. [35S]gp16 cosedimented with the fast-sedimenting DNA-gp3 fragments, and the putative L-DNA-gp3-gp16 complexes were packaged preferentially into proheads in the defined in vitro system. Lariats of DNA-gp3 and L and R-DNA-gp3 observed by electron microscopy rationalized the sedimentation results, and lariats with multiple loops or coils increased tenfold in a preparation of L-DNA-gp3-gp16 complexes. The rapid sedimentation and the structure of the DNA-gp3-gp16 complexes were consistent with supercoiling of lariat loops, and treatment with topoisomerase I shifted fast-sedimenting complexes toward the uncoiled lariat position in sucrose density gradients. DNA-gp3 has a maturation pathway in which the packaging proteins gp3 and gp16 supercoil the DNA ends, probably as a prerequisite for efficient interaction with the prohead.
Severity of illness correlates with alterations in energy metabolism in the pediatric intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlations between severity of illness scoring systems and biochemical markers of physiologic stress. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric ICU in a university hospital. DESIGN A prospective, clinical study. PATIENTS Twelve patients aged 2 to 120 months (four patients aged less than 12 months) with varying diagnoses including sepsis, cardiovascular surgery, respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS Oxygen consumption (VO2), daily total urinary nitrogen, and the branch chain to aromatic amino acid ratio were correlated with the Physiologic Stability Index, Pediatric Risk of Mortality score, and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. Linear regression analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pediatric Risk of Mortality score and Physiologic Stability Index correlated with VO2 (r2 = .69, p less than .001 and r2 = .52, p less than .01, respectively) and with daily total urinary nitrogen excretion (r2 = .66, p less than .001 and r2 = .62, p less than .01, respectively). The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System correlated with the total urinary nitrogen excretion (r2 = .69, p less than .001) and branch chain to aromatic amino acid ratio (r2 = .49, p less than .01). Correlations existed between Pediatric Risk of Mortality score and Physiologic Stability Index (r2 = .88, p less than .001) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality score and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (r2 = .48, p less than .01). CONCLUSIONS The correlations were independent of diagnostic category, suggesting that the alterations in biochemical variables were most directly related to the overall severity of illness as measured by the scoring system.
SOL-X: An on-line nondestructive method for measuring grain size with x-rays

It is shown that the grain size of commercial materials can be estimated by x-rays with little or no sample preparation. The method is readily automated and can be employed on-line, for example, in a rolling mill.
Radiological and micro-computed tomography analysis of the bone at dental implants inserted 2, 3 and 4 mm apart in a minipig model with platform switching incorporated.

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inter-implant distance on interproximal bone utilizing platform switching. Analysis of interproximal bone usually depends on traditional two-dimensional radiographic assessment. Although there has been increased reliability of current techniques, there has been an inability to track bone level changes over time and in three dimensions. Micro-CT has provided three-dimensional imaging that can be used in conjunction with traditional two-dimensional radiographic techniques. Methods This study was performed on 24 female minipigs. Twelve animals received three implants with an inter-implant distance of 3 mm on one side of the mandible and another three implants on the contra-lateral side, where the implants were placed 2 mm apart creating a split mouth design. Twelve other animals received three implants with an inter-implant distance of 3 mm on one side of the mandible and another three implants on the contra-lateral side, where the implants were placed 4 mm apart creating a split mouth design too. The quantitative evaluation was performed comparatively on radiographs taken at t 0 (immediately after implantation) and at t 8 weeks (after termination). The samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography (μCT) to quantify the first bone to implant contact (fBIC) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV). Mixed model regressions using the nonparametric Brunner–Langer method were used to determine the effect of inter-implant distance on the measured outcomes. Results The change in bone level was determined using radiography and its mean was 0.05 mm for an inter-implant distance of 3 and 0.00 mm for a 2 mm distance (P = 0.7268). The mean of this outcome was 0.18 mm for the 3 mm and for 4 mm inter-implant distance (P = 0.9500). Micro-computed tomography showed that the fBIC was always located above the reference, 0.27 and 0.20 mm for the comparison of 2–3 mm (P = 0.4622) and 0.49 and 0.34 mm for the inter-implant distance of 3 and 4 mm (P = 0.1699). BV/TV inside the defined parallelepipedic masks reached 82.38% for the 2 mm inter-implant distance and 85.00% for 3 mm, P = 0.8432. For the comparison of the 3–4 mm inter-implant distance, the means were 84.69% and 84.38%, respectively, P = 0.8401. Non-inferiority tests for the smaller inter-implant distances for both comparisons showed similar differences and similar tolerance ranges. Conclusion The effect of a smaller interproximal distances between implants on bone level, fBIC and BV/TV assessed by two convergent investigation methods, radiology and μCT, was similar to that of larger distances. Implants can potentially be placed 2 mm apart instead of 3 mm and 3 mm apart instead of 4 mm when platform switching is utilized. Further research with a conventional platform is warranted.
Satellite-based assessment of marine low cloud variability associated with aerosol, atmospheric stability, and the diurnal cycle

[1] This study examines variability in marine low cloud properties derived from semiglobal observations by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, as linked to the aerosol index (AI) and lower-tropospheric stability (LTS). AI is derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Terra MODIS) sensor and the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transportation (GOCART) model and is used to represent column-integrated aerosol concentrations. LTS is derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and represents the background thermodynamic environment in which the clouds form. Global statistics reveal that cloud droplet size tends to be smallest in polluted (high-AI) and strong inversion (high-LTS) environments. Statistical quantification shows that cloud droplet size is better correlated with AI than it is with LTS. Simultaneously, the cloud liquid water path (CLWP) tends to decrease as AI increases. This correlation does not support the hypothesis or assumption that constant or increased CLWP is associated with high aerosol concentrations. Global variability in corrected cloud albedo (CCA), the product of cloud optical depth and cloud fraction, is very well explained by LTS, while both AI and LTS are needed to explain local variability in CCA. Most of the local correlations between AI and cloud properties are similar to the results from the global statistics, while weak anomalous aerosol-cloud correlations appear locally in the regions where simultaneous high (low) AI and low (high) LTS compensate each other. Daytime diurnal cycles explain additional variability in cloud properties. CCA has the largest diurnal cycle in high-LTS regions. Cloud droplet size and CLWP have weak diurnal cycles that differ between clean and polluted environments. The combined results suggest that investigations of marine low cloud radiative forcing and its relationship to hypothesized aerosol indirect effects must consider the combined effects of aerosols, thermodynamics, and the diurnal cycle.
Plasma endothelin level changes during hemorrhagic shock

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in plasma endothelin-1 levels during hemorrhagic shock. Thirty-two mongrel dogs were divided into four equal groups with group I as the controls and groups II through IV as experimental groups. The dogs in the experimental groups underwent hemorrhagic procedures. The mean blood pressure was kept at the level of 65 mm Hg in group 11, 50 mm Hg in group III, and 40 mm Hg in group IV
Characterization of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase from rat serosal mast cells and RBL-1 cells

Abstract Evidence is presented that rat serosal mast cells and cells of the rat basophilic leukemia line, RBL-1, each contain a calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. The enzymes are very similar in their activation requirements to the calcium-dependent enzymes termed protein kinase Cs in brain. The enzyme is selectively stimulated by diolein and phosphatidylserine and is inhibited by several local anesthetics. The Ka for Ca 2+ is 1.0 × 10 −3 M and 1.5 × 10 −4 M in mast cells and RBL-1 cells, respectively. The enzyme in mast cells is rapidly activated and apparently changed in its intracellular distribution when intact mast cells are stimulated with 48 80 , A-23187, and anti-IgE and 12- O -tetradecanoyl-13-acetate in combination.
Education in Dante's Florence

IN the years between Dante's birth in 1265 and his exile in 1302, Florence was already a metropolis, one of the largest and most powerful cities in Europe. Its merchants travelled the world, and its new wealth was producing military expansion and social upheaval. The fierce independence of its political spirit had repercusions far beyond the limits of Tuscany and even of Italy. It stood moreover at the beginning of a period of supreme accomplishment in literature and the arts. Much can be learned of this city from its physical remains, from its literary records, and from the mass of documents preserved in the Archivio dello Stato. The possibilities of reconstruction open to the diligent student are indicated most vividly by Davidsohn's great history. Yet some important aspects of Dugento Florence remain obscure. One of the most notable is the subject of education. When Davidsohn, for example, discusses it, he draws his data largely from the fourteenth century. This is tempting, in view of the greater abundance of information for the later period. Moreover, the chronicler Giovanni Villani offers a precious bird's-eye view of lay instruction around 1339, when literacy was extraordinarily widespread. He tells us that approximately ten per cent of the population 8,000-10,000 boys and girls out of some 90,000 inhabitants were being taught to read. The boys could then choose either a commercial or a literary education. Approximately one-fourth of them (1,000-1,200) went on to six schools to study mathematics and the use of the abacus. Approximately one-eighth (550-600) attended four Latin schools to study grammar and logic.' But Villani does not tell us when these schools were established, or what teachers taught in them. A document of 1316, however, mentions three categories of masters, those of grammar, those of the abacus, and those elementary teachers who instructed children in reading and writing.2 From this gild must have come the personnel which staffed the ten schools described by Villani. There were also at this time lay schools of rhetoric, like that of Bruno Casini, who, dying in 1348, left behind a treatise on the art of oratory.3 Canon law may have been taught before in the cathedral school of S Giovanni, and some civil law in notarial schools,4 but one of the main purposes of the sadly disorganized attempts of the city in 1321 and subsequent years to found a university was to make
The density of liquid iron-carbon alloys

The density of liquid Fe-C alloys at temperatures ranging from 1250 °C to 1550 °C was measured by the sessile drop profile method. An accurate method of digital image processing was de-veloped to capture, enhance, and determine the coordinates of the X-ray shadow image of the droplet. Laplace's equation was then solved to obtain the volume and density of the droplet. The density of iron-carbon alloys was then determined as a function of carbon content (from 0 to 4 wt pct) and temperature (1250 °C to 1550 °C). A least-squares analysis of our data points gives an equation for the density of liquid iron-carbon alloys as a function of temperatureT [K] and carbon content [pct C] [wt pct]: ρ[g/cm3] = (7.10 - 0.0732[pct C]) - (8.28 - 0.874[pct C]) × 10-4(T - 1823) These results will give a value to within ±1.5 pct of the data of Lucas, [3] Widawski and Sauerwald, [2] and the present work.
Prospects for a vaccine against Chlamydia genital disease I. — Microbiology and pathogenesis

Des notions sur l'evolution et la taxonomie de Chlamydia introduisent une analyse de la microbiologie sous ses divers aspects: le cycle intracellulaire (nutrition, energie, replication, division, structure d'un promoteur, differenciation parietale et nucleodique etc...) et la pathogenese (le corps elementaire et ses proteines et glucides de surface, les determinants de l'adherence et de la penetration, les methodes d'etude in vitro). L'infection genitale due a C. trachomatis est etudiee au plan de l'epidemiologie, de la clinique et des sequelles, chez l'homme et chez la femme. Des modeles animaux sont presentes (primates, cobayes, souris) et la pathogenese des infections genitales est etudiee sous ses principaux aspects: la reponse inflammatoire aigue, le role des hormones et de l'hypersensibilite de type retardee, l'effet du profil genetique de l'hote et le probleme de l'infection persistante.
Stereo correspondence using geometric relational matching

A new geometric relational matching approach is proposed to solve the stereo correspondence problem. The first distinct features are extracted in a pair of stereo images using a feature extractor. Then a newly developed window-based feature point detector is used to detect feature points from the extracted feature in both images. Feature points are connected with two points to form a straight line in both images. A match function representing the requirements of the epipola and disparity constraints in both images is proposed for straight line matching. Important information can be obtained from the parameter values attached to each line, such as distance and orientation. Information contained in the match function is used to determine straight-line correspondence. The method described here takes a unique approach to match straight lines. After that straight-line correspondence is established using the match function values in the left image and corresponding ones in the right image. Triplets of matched points are used to construct a model polygon in the left image. Then the entire right image is searched by an exhaustive search method to find a matching polygon. The computational complexity of the proposed method is proportional to the number of detected feature points in the image pair. Experimental results indicate that the method performs well for a variety of stereo images, and it is suitable for many applications.
Theoretical study of the complex-forming CH + H2 --> CH2 + H reaction.

The complex-forming CH + H 2 → CH 2 + H reaction is studied employing a recently developed global potential energy function. The reaction probability in the total angular momentum J = 0 limit is estimated with a four-atom quantum wave packet method and compared with classical trajectory and statistical theory results. The formation of complexes from different reactant internal states is also determined with wave packet calculations. While there is no barrier to reaction along the minimum energy path, we find that there are angular constraints to complex formation. Trajectory-based estimates of the low-pressure rate constants are made and compared with experimental results. We find that zero-point energy violation in the trajectories is a particularly severe problem for this reaction.
Concrete model with normality and sequential identification

Abstract To facilitate numerical finite element analysis, it is desirable to endow the constitutive model with normality, associatedness, continuity, convexity and absence of corners. Although these mathematical conditions represent only crude approximations of the actual behavior of concrete, it is of interest to find the best possible constitutive model which meets these conditons. This is one objective of the present paper. The second objective is to develop a model which permits a simple identification of material parameters from test data. The material parameters need not be obtained by simultaneous nonlinear optimization of the fits of all data. Rather, they are obtained in sequence through a precisely defined procedure which involves solving two systems of linear equations. The model describes not only hardening but also post-peak softening under various triaxial stress states. The model agrees well with the available basic test data from monotonic loading tests.
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation of Binder-Treated Powder Metallurgy Steels

Many of the targeted applications for powder-metallurgy materials, particularly in the automotive industry, undergo cyclic loading. It is, therefore, essential to examine the fatigue mechanisms in these materials. The mechanisms of fatigue-crack initiation and propagation in ferrous powder-metallurgy components have been investigated. The fatigue mechanisms are controlled primarily by the inherent porosity present in these materials. Since most, if not all, fatigue cracks initiate and propagate at the specimen surface, surface replication was used to determine the role of surface porosity in relation to fatigue behavior. Surface replication provides detailed information on both initiation sites and on the propagation path of fatigue cracks. The effect of microstructural features such as pore size and pore shape, as well as the heterogeneous microstructure on crack deflection, was examined and is discussed. Fracture surfaces were examined to elucidate a mechanistic understanding of fatigue processes in these materials.
When Written is Spoken: Dislocation and the Oral Code

This article suggests a refinement of the link between dislocated constructions and the oral code. The research is based on an investigation of a mixed-medium corpus of contemporary French, including spoken language, journalistic prose and literary fiction. It is shown first that the form and function of dislocations vary according to the level of orality of the voice in which they are found: in particular, the intermediary nature of citations in newspaper articles is emphasised. It is then argued that the strict association of dislocation with the stylistic function of orality should be modified, since conveying orality does not always seem to be the primary motivation for dislocation.
Binomial Coefficients and Littlewood–Richardson Coefficients for Jack Polynomials

In this paper, we consider translation and multiplication operators acting on the rings of symmetric and nonsymmetric polynomials and study their matrix coefficients with respect to the bases of Jack polynomials and interpolation polynomials. The main new insight is that the symmetric and nonsymmetric cases share a key combinatorial feature, that of a locally finite graded poset with a minimum element. This allows us to treat both cases in a simple and unified manner.
Electron-impact excitation of molecular ions.

A simple expression is derived that relates the rate coefficient for dipole-allowed electron-impact excitation of a molecular ion in the Coulomb-Born approximation to the Einstein /ital A/ coefficient for the corresponding radiative decay. Results are given for several molecular ions of astrophysical interest. A general analytic expression is obtained for the equilibrium rotational level populations in the ground vibrational state of any molecular ion excited by collisions with electrons. The expression depends only upon the electron temperature, the electron density, and the rotational constant of the molecular ion. A similar expression is obtained for neutral polar molecules.
Neutral Injection Heating Experiments on the Oak Ridge Tokamak Device

Proton heating varying from 10 to 40% as plasma density is decreased has been observed as a result of energetic ${H}^{0}$ beam injection parallel to the discharge current on the ORMAK device. The change in ion temperature agrees with a theoretical heating calculation in both density scaling and magnitude. In contrast to the results reported for the ATC device at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, no measurable heating was observed for an antiparallel beam.
Failure mode and fatigue behavior of weld-bonded lap-shear specimens of magnesium and steel sheets

Abstract Failure modes and fatigue behaviors of ultrasonic spot welds in lap-shear specimens of magnesium AZ31B-H24 and hot-dipped-galvanized mild steel sheets with and without adhesive were investigated. The spot welded specimens failed from the kinked crack growth mode. The adhesive-bonded specimens failed from the cohesive failure through the adhesive and the kinked crack growth through the magnesium sheet. The weld-bonded specimens failed from the cohesive failure through the adhesive, the interfacial failure through the spot weld, and the kinked crack growth through the magnesium sheet. The estimated fatigue lives for the adhesive-bonded and weld-bonded specimens failed from the kinked crack growth mode are lower than the experimental results.