cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of anions in mitochondrial swelling and contraction

Summary 1. The effects of large anions on mitochondria, as compared with chloride, are: (a) Increase in rates of swelling, (b) Increase in rates of oxygen uptake, (c) Inhibition of metabolic contraction, (d) Acceleration of the loss of inorganic phosphate from mitochondria. 2. Addition of agents, which cause contraction and restoration of intramito-chondrial concentration of ATP (EDTA or ATP) in chloride buffers, causes further swelling and loss of intramitochondrial ATP (EDTA only) in buffers, containing large anions. 3. Large anions do not alter the semipermeable properties of mitochondrial membranes, i.e ., osmotic contraction of sodium acetate loaded mitochondria by addition of sucrose can be obtained. 4. Swelling by large anions is independent of respiration. 5. Addition of sulfhydryl reagents which add negative charge to mitochondria ( p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonate) markedly increases swelling under all conditions. However, inactivation of mitochondrial sulfhydryl groups by sulfhydryl reagents which do not add negative charge also does not cause swelling. Both reagents completely inhibit respiration in mitochondria. 6. The above data are interpreted to indicate that mitochondrial shrinking and swelling is very similar to gel—sol transformations of myosin gels, which phenomena is accomplished by alterations in surface charge of the gels. These surface charges are specifically altered by the binding of such substances as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , ATP, and p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonate to the gels.
Menstrual taboos among Havik Brahmin women: a study of ritual change.

This paper reports on changes in the beliefs and observance of menstrual taboos among Havik Brahmins in South India. Menstrual taboos have decreased in importance over the past 20 years as a woman's primary role has been redefined as a marital partner rather than as a bearer of children. When her function was as a bearer of children for the patrilineage, she was considered subject to biological rhythms and a threat to male ritual status. With increased education, professional opportunities, and increased marriage age for women, ritual status and male dominance have become less significant. Women are ritually less dangerous, less dependent on men, and transcend the biological rhythms that menstrual taboos symbolize.
The two beta forms of poly(L-glutamic acid).

β-Helical poly(L-glutamic acid) in a gel state was found to be easily converted to the antiparallel β form by heating. Two β forms were obtained, depending on the temperature of heating. Temperatures between 40° and 85°C produced a β form with a spacing between pleated sheets (d001) of 9.03 A, termed β1. If the heating was carried out at temperatures higher than 85°C, the β1 form underwent another conformational transition reducing the d001 value from 9.03 to 7.83 A (termed β2) without any prominent change in the fiber repeat distance (i.e., the polypeptide backbone conformation). The time course of these two transitions was followed by measuring the infrared spectra of the samples, and it was concluded that the α β1 transition in its initial stage obeys a pseudo-first order rate process with activation enthalpy and entropy of 54 kcal/mol and 92 eu, respectively. On the other hand, the typical sigmoidal conversion curves observed for the transition between the two types of β forms (β1 β2) indicate that this transition proceeds via a socalled “nucleation and growth” process. The kinetic theory of phase transitions developed by Avrami can be applied with success to explain this transition. The infrared spectra, in the region from 1800 to 200 cm−1, were measured for these two β forms and the results showed that the conformation of the side chains and the mode of the hydrogen bonding between the side-chain carboxyl groups undergo appreciable change during the transition. The heat-induced conformational transition of poly(L-Glu78L-Val22) was also studied. The copolymer was transformed from the α-helical conformation directly to the β2 form. The reason for this was thought to be due to the fact that the L-valine residues and the L-glutamyl residues near the L-valine residues have a strong tendency to take the more compact β2 form.
Beware! Uncle Sam has Your DNA: Legal Fallout from its Use and Misuse in the U.S.

Technology has provided state and federal governments with huge collections of DNA samples and identifying profiles stored in databanks. That information can be used to solve crimes by matching samples from convicted felons to unsolved crimes, and has aided law enforcement in investigating and convicting suspects, and exonerating innocent felons, even after lengthy incarceration. Rights surrounding the provision of DNA samples, however, remain unclear in light of the constitutional guarantee against “unreasonable searches and seizures” and privacy concerns. The courts have just begun to consider this issue, and have provided little guidance. It is unclear whether the laws governing protected health information are applicable to the instant situation, and if so, the degree to which they apply. DNA databanks are not uniformly regulated, and it is possible that DNA samples contained in them may be used for purposes unintended by donors of the samples. As people live their lives, they leave bits of their DNA behind. They cannot be assured that these tiny specimens will not be taken or used against their will or without their knowledge for activities such as profiling to measure tendencies such as thrill-seeking, aggressiveness, or crimes with threatening behavior. Existing racial or ethnic discrimination and profiling may also encompass genetic discrimination and profiling, creating societal class distinctions. This article will explore the constitutionality of collecting genetic materials, the ethics of such activities, and balance the social good in solving crime and deterrence against the individual's security, liberty, and privacy.
Laser Readout Of Electrostatic Images

An electrostatic radiographic receptor has been designed that allows the latent image resulting from an x-ray exposure to be reconstructed by means of a scanning laser beam. The receptor can be described as a duodielectric device making use of amorphous selenium as one of the dielectric components. The second dielectric component is a polyester sheet with a transparent gold coating on one side. Charges may be trapped at the surface of the selenium by placing an electric field across the structure while exposing it to light. A technique is described in which either subsequent polarity reversal or placing a short-circuit across the structure isolates these charges. Exposure to x-ray at this point selectively discharges the selenium surface, thus creating an electrostatic image. Further exposure of the system to a scanning light source produces a displacement current as the structure is totally discharged element by element. The resulting video signal is used to generate images of the charge pattern.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ultrastructural evidence of calcium involvement in experimental autoimmune gray matter disease

Experimental studies have suggested that increased calcium and inappropriate calcium handling by motoneurons might have a significant role in motoneuron degeneration. To further define the involvement of calcium in motoneuron loss we used the oxalate-pyroantimonate technique for calcium fixation and monitored the ultrastructural distribution of calcium in spinal motoneurons in experimental autoimmune gray matter disease (EAGMD). In cervical and hypoglossal motoneurons from animals with relatively preserved upper extremity and bulbar function, increased calcium precipitates were present in the cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex without significant morphologic alterations. In surviving lumbar motoneurons of animals with hindlimb paralysis, however, there was massive morphological destruction of intracellular organelles but no significant accumulation of calcium precipitates. These findings suggest that altered calcium homeostasis is involved in motoneuron immune-mediated injury with increased calcium precipitates early in the disease process and decreased to absent calcium precipitates later in the pathogenesis of motoneuron injury.
Feasibility Analysis of an In-mold Multivariate Sensor

Abstract The initial design of a novel multivariate sensor is described for the measurement of melt temperature, melt pressure, melt velocity, melt viscosity, and mold temperature. Melt pressure and temperature are respectively obtained through the incorporation of a piezoceramic element and infrared photodetector within the sensor head. Melt velocity is derived from the initial response of the melt temperature as the polymer melt flows across the sensor's lens. The apparent melt viscosity is then derived from the melt velocity and the time derivative of the increasing melt pressure given the cavity thickness. The feasibility of the envisioned sensor is then analyzed using a production-grade mold that is instrumented with commercial piezoelectric pressure sensors, infrared pyrometer, and thermocouples. Several predictive models of part weight are developed using multiple regression of data obtained from a design of experiments to evaluate the capability of the envisioned multivariate sensor. The results i...
Comparative study of the activity and composition of HDL3 in Russian and American men

Previous studies conducted within the framework of the Lipid Research Clinics Program showed a strong inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in American male populations, whereas in Russian populations such a correlation was less pronounced. It was assumed that HDL was less protective of CHD in Russian than in American males. This study compared the functional activity and lipid composition of HDL3 isolated from the blood plasma of men with low, normal, and high HDL-C levels from Moscow (Russia) and Seattle (United States) populations. Results obtained showed that American HDL3, irrespective of the plasma HDL-C level, had higher activity in stimulating both [3H]cholesterol and cholesterol mass efflux from cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts and in suppressing cellular cholesterol esterification when compared with Russian HDL3. American HDL3 remained more active than Russian HDL3, even when apolipoprotein E-containing particles were removed from HDL3 by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Russian and American 125I-HDL3 had similar binding to high-affinity cell-surface sites, but Russian HDL3 had a higher nonspecific binding component compared with American HDL3. This study demonstrates for the first time potential functional differences between HDL particles isolated from Russian and American populations. The lower activity of Russian HDL3 in promoting cellular cholesterol efflux may partly explain the higher CHD risk in the Russian population compared with the American one.
Basic Science Review : Nonspecific Resistance to Infection Some Reflections and Personal Observations

There is a need for a new strategy for prophylaxis against infection to aug ment the use of vaccines. The prospects for nonspecific resistance enhancers are exciting. This discussion may encourage pediatricians to take another look at factors involved in nonspecific resistance to infection.
Current management of onychomycosis and dermatomycoses.

Three newer oral antifungal agents, itraconazole, terbinafine and fluconazole, have revolutionized treatment of superficial mycoses. The tissue pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and terbinafine allow much shorter courses of therapy- with higher efficacy-in the treatment of onychomycosis, compared to other oral agents. Itraconazole pulse dosing and terbinafine daily dosing have shown comparable efficacy against dermatophyte onychomycosis; similar itraconazole regimens have been effective against nondermatophyte infections. Refractory clinical patterns of nail disease appear to be more responsive to oral antifungal therapy when combined with adjunctive therapy, such as debridement. These agents are effective against cutaneous dermatophytosis, with shorter treatment regimens. Tinea versicolor may be treated with a single-dose, intermittent, or daily regimen of an oral azole agent, depending on the drug selected. These newer oral antifungal agents have been proven effective against tinea capitis; effective regimens are shorter than those for griseofulvin. The safety profile of these newer agents has been very favorable.
On Biasing towards Optimized Application Placement in the Cloud

We consider a cloud environment, consisting of physical entities, subjected to user application requests, consisting of logical entities with relationship constraints among them, such as location constraints. We are concerned with the application placement problem, which is a mapping of logical to physical entities that satisfies the constraints and optimizes an objective function, which combines system and user performance. We describe an efficient technique that is based on random search methods and uses biased statistical sampling methods and demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology using a large-size simulation experiment. We note that the magnitude of biasing has an important impact on the quality of placement and investigate the tradeoff between biasing and optimality of placement solutions.
Comparison of aorta and pulmonary artery: II. LDL transport and metabolism correlate with susceptibility to atherosclerosis.

Abstract In rabbits, the pulmonary artery and the aorta are susceptible to atherosclerosis. However, susceptibility of the pulmonary artery, compared with the aortic arch, to atherosclerosis and the relationship between the accumulation of cholesterol during the early stages of atherogenesis and the development of atheromatous lesions for these arterial regions remain to be clarified. Cholesterol concentrations for the pulmonary artery and aorta were measured in normal rabbits and in rabbits fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 8, 12, and 16 days and 17 weeks. In normal rabbits, the rank order of arterial cholesterol concentrations was pulmonary artery>aortic arch>descending thoracic aorta, with concentrations of total and nonesterified cholesterol 17% and 25% (both P<.05) greater, respectively, for the pulmonary artery than for the descending thoracic aorta. Rank order remained the same during 16 days of cholesterol feeding, but differences between arterial regions were exaggerated. After rabbits were fed cho...
Patterns and Implications of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Measurement in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are associated with increased risk for mortality in patients with non–ST-segment-elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, the optimal use of BNP measurement for the risk stratification of these patients remains unclear. This study was conducted to analyze patterns of, and factors associated with, BNP measurement in patients with NSTE ACS from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines? (CRUSADE) quality improvement initiative from 2003 through 2006. The association of degree of BNP elevation with in-hospital mortality in patients with measured BNP levels across risk categories was also analyzed. A total of 16,323 of 77,071 patients (21.2%) from 486 hospitals had BNP levels measured; the rate of BNP measurement by quarter increased from 5.1% to 27.7% during this analysis. Factors most strongly associated with BNP measurement included signs of heart failure on presentation, older age, previous heart failure, faster presenting heart rate, and higher body mass index. The adjusted risk for mortality was higher in patients who had BNP levels measured than in those who did not (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.25). In patients with BNP levels measured, a higher degree of BNP elevation was associated with incrementally higher in-hospital mortality rates across risk categories. BNP levels were measured in approximately 1/5 of patients with NSTE ACS in contemporary practice. BNP was most frequently measured in patients presenting with high-risk characteristics, but the association of incremental increases in BNP levels with higher mortality rates was similar across risk categories. In conclusion, more widespread measurement of BNP levels for risk stratification of patients with NSTE ACS may be warranted.
3D correlation of MR thermal ablation images and tissue response

Interventional ARM-guided radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation has been applied clinically for minimally invasive treatment of cancer. A principal advantage of MR is that it can reveal the treated region, hereafter called a thermal lesion. To study this, the authors have developed a method to allow accurate correlation of MR images and tissue response. The method includes new tissue-handling techniques and 3D image registration to geometrically align MR images of thermal lesions with optical images of gross pathology and histology tissue response. Using this new method one will be able to achieve accurate correlation of MR images with tissue response in various organs from animal models.
Effect of Temperature on Static and Impact Properties of New Softwood Pallets

The first part of this study verifies that static compressive strength of new wooden pallets decreases as temperature increases. The drop of compressive strength is at a small rate of 0.61 psi per 1°F of temperature increase within the temperature range of 80°F to 160°F. This is consistent with the current timber structural design practice. The strength reduction is small and has little effect on pallet static compression performance. The second part of this study investigates impact acceleration from free-fall drop tests performed at temperatures ranging from 80°F to 160°F. As temperature rises, specimens become weaker thus they absorb more impact energy, which results in lower impact acceleration. The drop of impact acceleration is also at a small rate of 0.034g per 1°F of temperature increase. When temperature rises from normal temperature of around 80°F to a high temperature of 160°F, the impact acceleration reduces about 2.72g. This rise results in less potential damages on products on the pallet. The third part of this study looks at the impact acceleration due to horizontal impact due to a forklift at a lower range of temperature of 33°F to 72°F. The drop of impact acceleration is at a faster rate of 0.674g per 1°F of temperature increase. When temperature drops from 59°F to 48°F, the impact acceleration increases about 7.41g. This increases the damage potential of products on pallets.
Design of New Plant Products: Engineering of Fatty Acid Metabolism.

PLANTS AS CHEMICAL FACTORIES Manipulation of biosynthetic pathways in transgenic plants offers a number of exciting opportunities for plant biochemists and molecular biologists to redesign plant metabolism toward production of specific higher-value products. Here I review several recent examples that have demonstrated that plant fatty acid metabolism can be manipulated in useful ways to produce new and potentially more valuable vegetable oils. A number of factors have converged to make metabolic engineering of fatty acid metabolism particularly attractive. Although for centuries plant breeders have manipulated plant metabolism, the primary goal has been to produce better yields of crops for human and animal consumption, and in the past 100 years, efforts to increase yields of the basic food crops have had dramatic success. Through a number of technological advances, yields per hectare have risen manyfold, resulting in substantial surplus capacity worldwide. These surpluses are a reflection of the high yields that can be obtained when optimum agronomic practices are applied to highly developed crop varieties. As a result, the United States spends $20 to $30 billion annually on a variety of programs designed to deal with farm overproduction capacity.
Recent Evidence On the Relationship Between Anonymity and Response Variables for Mail Surveys

Although most marketing researchers and texts recommend guaranteeing respondents anonymity in mail surveys, emirical evidence on this issue is dated, and often is based on results from student or occupational samples. The present study examines the impact of anonymity on item omission, response bias, and response quality. Based on a representative sample of respondents from a Southern SMSA, it was found that lack of anonymity had minor effects on response variables. Anonymous respondents provided slightly less information to complex questions, and lower-income respondents, nonwhites, and homeowners were more likely to identify themselves on the return envelope. Yet, the responses of these groups did not differ substantively from answers of other respondents on the range of questionnaire items examined.
High-Dose Isoniazid Therapy for Isoniazid-Resistant Murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

The use of isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been controversial. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if there is a dose response with INH for INH-susceptible M. tuberculosis Erdman (ATCC 35801), and whether high-dose INH (100 mg/kg of body weight) was more effective than standard-dose INH (25 mg/kg) for therapy of tuberculosis infections caused by INH-resistant mutants of M. tuberculosis Erdman. Six-week-old CD-1 mice were infected with approximately 10(7) viable mycobacteria. Early control groups of infected but untreated mice were euthanized by CO(2) inhalation 1 week later when treatment was initiated. INH (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) was given by gavage 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Late control groups of untreated mice and treated mice were sacrificed 2 days after the last dose of drug. Spleens and right lungs were removed aseptically and homogenized, and viable cell counts were determined by titration on 7H10 agar plates. In the next study, INH at 100 mg/kg was compared to INH at 25 mg/kg against an isogenic mutant of M. tuberculosis Erdman (INH MIC, 2 microg/ml) and the parent strain. This mutant was found to have a mutation in the KatG protein (Phe to Leu at position 183). In the first study, there was no dose response with increasing doses of INH. In the second study, there was no significant difference between the reduction of viable cell counts for mice treated with INH at 100 mg/kg and that for mice treated with INH at 25 mg/kg (parent or INH-resistant mutant). These preliminary results suggest that INH may be useful in combination therapy of M. tuberculosis infections caused by low-level INH-resistant organisms (INH MICs, 0.2 to 5 microg/ml) and that higher doses of INH are unlikely to be more efficacious than the standard 300-mg/day dose.
Nekton distribution and midwater hypoxia: A seasonal, diel prey refuge?

Hypoxia affects the distribution of pelagic nekton (i.e., fish and large invertebrates) in both marine and freshwater systems. Bottom hypoxia is common, but midwater oxygen minimum layers (OMLs) also develop in marine offshore regions, fjords, and freshwater lakes. Studies of nekton responses to OML in marine ecosystems have primarily occurred in deep, offshore regions with thick, persistent OMLs. Our study examined the response of pelagic nekton to an OML in a shallow temperate fjord, Hood Canal, WA, U.S.A. Using acoustics, we quantified vertical distribution of nekton at two sites (Hoodsport and Duckabush) before (July) and after (September) OML development. Both Hoodsport and Duckabush had strong OML between 10 and 35 m in September, with lower (minimum 0.63 mg L 1 ) oxygen levels at Hoodsport compared to Duckabush (1.58 mg L 1 ). The OML did not affect daytime distribution of fish or invertebrates, with both occupying depths >60 m. At night in July, with no OML, invertebrates migrated into waters <20 m and fish dispersed to within 15 m of the surface at both sites. In the presence of the September OML, invertebrates migrated into waters <20 m, but the upper limit of fish vertical distribution stopped at the base of the OML (35 m) at Hoodsport. Fish vertical distribution at Duckabush was less pronounced within and above the OML (10–35 m) than it had been in July. Our results suggest that the OML did not affect invertebrate vertical distribution, but did affect fish vertical migration, and may provide a seasonal, diel prey refuge.
Pain and Hand Function

Pain is a unique somatosensory perception that can dramatically affect our ability to function. It is also a necessary perception, without which we would do irreparable damage to ourselves. In this article, the authors assess the impact of pain on function of the hand. Pain can be categorized into acute pain, chronic pain, and neuropathic pain. Hand function and objective measurements of hand function are analyzed as well as the impact of different types of pain on each of these areas.
Wide Bicontinuous Compositional Windows from Co-Networks Made with Telechelic Macromonomers

Phase-separated and self-assembled co-network materials offer a simple route to bicontinuous morphologies, which are expected to be highly beneficial for applications such as ion, charge, and oxygen transport. Despite these potential advantages, the programmed creation of co-network structures has not been achieved, largely due to the lack of well-controlled chemistries for their preparation. Here, a thiol–ene end-linking platform enables the systematic investigation of phase-separated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polystyrene (PS) networks in terms of the molecular weight and relative volume fractions of precursor polymers. The ion conductivity and storage modulus of these materials serve as probes to demonstrate that both phases percolate over a wide range of compositions, spanning PEG volume fractions from ∼0.3–0.65. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) shows that microphase separation of these co-networks yields disordered structures with d-spacings that follow d ∼ Mn0.5, for 4.8 kg/mol < Mn < 37 kg/...
Mechanogeneration of Acid from Oxime Sulfonates

The generation of acid under mechanical force is potentially useful for initiating proton-catalyzed changes in polymeric materials. Here we demonstrate that oxime sulfonates-known photoacid generators-are also acid generators when activated mechanically. NMR analysis of products suggests that the ultrasound-induced mechanochemical scission of the oxime sulfonate mechanophore also generates a ketone functional moiety, in addition to acid. Both acid and ketone moieties are useful for developing stress-responsive polymeric materials for autonomous self-healing applications.
Photon production cross section for /sup 181/ta

The /sup 181/Ta(n,chi..gamma..) reaction has been measured for neutron energies E/sub n/ = 2 to 100 MeV and for gamma-ray energies E/sub ..gamma../ = 2 to 25 MeV using an array of bismuth germane detector and the pulsed neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The integrated photon production cross section reaches a maximum at --7.5 MeV. Above 20 MeV, the cross section increases slowly with energy. The angular distributions of the photon production cross sections for the different neutron energies are isotropic. At all measured neutron energies the gamma-ray spectra have the simple evaporation form.
Successful Treatment of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens with Combination Surgical and Catheter-Assisted Thrombectomy

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a rare condition caused by complete venous occlusion that leads to impaired arterial flow. Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are paramount in preventing progression to gangrene, the need for amputation, and possibly the death of the patient. Thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy, for advanced disease and cases in which anticoagulation is contraindicated, represent the current standard treatment. Here we report the case of a 47-year-old male who sustained severe trauma during a car accident. After having a prophylactic retrievable inferior vena cava filter placed, he developed caval thrombosis with progression to phlegmasia cerulea dolens. He was successfully treated with a combination of surgical thrombectomy of the lower extremity veins and catheter-assisted thrombectomy of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava, in the setting in which an initial attempt at balloon thrombectomy of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava failed. He was discharged from the hospital in stable condition and on follow-up visits had full resolution of symptoms. Ultrasound evaluation showed no residual venous clot. The presented case illustrates how the use of catheter-assisted thrombectomy alleviated the need for a laparotomy and direct caval evacuation of the thrombus and provided a timely and effective treatment of phlegmasia cerulea dolens with impending gangrene.
Generally Applicable NMR Titration Methods for the Determination of Equilibrium Constants for Coordination Complexes: Syntheses and Characterizations of Metallacrown Ethers with α,ω-Bis(phosphite)-polyether Ligands and Determination of Equilibrium Binding Constants to Li+

A new metallacrown ether, cis-PdCl2{(2,2′-C12H8O2)P(OCH2CH2)4OP(2,2′-O2H8C12)}, has been synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. A new synthetic method and complete NMR characterization for the previously reported and closely related cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2′-C12H8O2)P(OCH2CH2)4OP(2,2′-O2H8C12) metallacrown ether are also reported. Both complexes are monomeric, exhibiting cis coordination geometries both in solution and in the solid state, and the cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2′-C12H8O2)P(OCH2CH2)4OP(2,2′-O2H8C12) metallacrown ether does not appear to undergo cis–trans isomerization in the presence of HgCl2. These results are surprising because the closely related PdCl2(Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2) (n = 3–5) metallacrown ethers exhibit both cis–trans and monomer–cyclic oligomer equilibria in solution, and cis-Mo(CO)4 (Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2PPh2) (n = 3–5) metallacrown ethers rapidly undergo cis–trans isomerization in the presence of HgCl2. The coordination of Li+ cations to the cis-Mo(CO)4(2...
Flutter Analysis of Wing Configurations Using Pre-Stressed Frequencies and Mode Shapes

An investigation into thethe impact of using prestressed mode shapes and frequencies on wing flutter response calculation is presented. The normal modes and frequencies are calculated for a given static aeroelastic equilibrium including structural geometric nonlinearities. These mode shapes and frequencies are used to perform flutter calculations in the frequency domain. Results indicate that differences in the dynamic instability of a wing configuration can be seen when using the prestressed modal information. Two wing configurations (high aspect ratio wing box and a beam model) are used to demonstrate the procedure and illustrate the differences that occur when using the prestressed modal data. It is felt that structural prestressing will have an impact on the dynamic aeroelastic response of configurations in which body freedom flutter occurs. High aspect ratio blended wing body (BWB) configurations will exhibit such behavior.
Abstract 4040: Goyazensolide, a sesquiterpene lactone from Piptocoma rufescens inhibits tumor development in hollow fiber

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Goyazensolide (C19H20O7) is a rare sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Piptocoma rufescens Cass. (Asteraceae). Goyazensolide significantly inhibits NF-κB transcription factor and decreased the cell growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In the present study, we investigated the effects of goyazensolide in a hollow fiber assay using in vivo setting. We also examined the involvement of ROS-signaling components (ROS levels, NF-κB transcription factor, mitochondrial membrane potential) and demonstrated that the antiproliferative effect of cancer cells is partially mediated by induction of oxidative stress. It is our aim to further investigate the molecular mechanism through which goyazensolide exerts its cytotoxic effect in vitro and its antitumor effect in vivo. Our data therefore supports goyazensolide as an active anti-proliferative agent with great potential for further development. Acknowledgment This research was supported by Program Project Grant P01-CA125066 funded by the National Cancer Institute, NIH.We also wish to acknowledge the plant taxonomists who collected the plant material used in this investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4040. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4040
Science Signaling Podcast for 12 April 2016: G proteins in auriculo-condylar syndrome

Abstract This Podcast features an interview with Mikel Garcia-Marcos, author of a Research Article that appears in the 12 April 2016 issue of Science Signaling , about how mutations in a G protein cause auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS). ACS is caused by mutations that affect signaling through the endothelin type A receptor (ET A R) and is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities resulting from defects in neural crest development. ET A R is a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals primarily through heterotrimeric G proteins containing Gα q/11 , but mutations in Gα i3 are also associated with ACS. Marivin et al . found that ET A R coupled to ACS-associated mutant forms of Gα i3 instead of coupling to Gα q/11 . These mutant forms of Gα i3 lacked enzymatic activity and thus blocked ET A R signaling. Listen to Podcast
QuicK-mer: A rapid paralog sensitive CNV detection pipeline

QuicK-mer is a unified pipeline for estimating genome copy-number from high-throughput Illumina sequencing data. QuicK-mer utilizes the Jellyfish application to efficiently tabulate counts of predefined sets of k-mers. The program performs GC-normalization using defined control regions and reports paralog-specific estimates of copy-number suitable for downstream analysis. The package is freely available at https://github.com/KiddLab/QuicK-mer
Grey evaluation and forecasting of the forest coverage of Heilongjiang province

The forest coverage is an important indicator of eco-province construction index system.The grey relativity was used to analyze the factors of forest coverage.Result indicated that stock volume of the forest and forest areas were the main factors.On the basis of forest coverage statistical data from 1994-2005,grey system theory was applied to build up the GM(1,1) model.Using the GM(1,1) model to forecast the forest coverage development trend,the forest coverage would be 43.90% in 2006 and 44.14% in 2007.The originally data is continuity and comparable,so the results has high precision,and can provide scientific gist for macroscopical decision.
Research on the Hierarchy Teaching Method in University Sports Teaching

university physical education teachers need to improve teaching method and teaching mode in order to achieve better teaching effect.A new teaching mode,hierarchy teaching mode,is being probed.By hierarchy teaching,the teacher plays a leading role and has a definite object in teaching,students become the center of teaching activities,their personalities and unique skills are developed,and therefore the teaching effect is improved obviously.
Rotavirus Entry into Tissue Culture Cells

Rotavirus (RV) is a triple-protein-layered icosahedral virus, for which studies have established that the two outer-layer proteins, viral protein 4 (VP4) and viral protein 7 (VP7), are required for viral infectivity (1,2). VP7, a glycoprotein, is the major component of the outer-layer, but its role in viral entry is unclear. VP4 forms dimers extending out from the VP7-coated viral surface (3,4) and have been shown to be a determinant of host range and virulence, and is directly involved in cell attachment and RV entry into cells (5-8). Proteolytic cleavage of VP4 into two noncovalently associated subunits, VP8* and VP5* (2,9,10), significantly enhances viral infectivity (11-13).
Nonlinear Dynamic Response Prediction of a Thin Panel in a Multi-Discipline Environment: Part II—Numerical Predictions

Hypersonic aircraft structures must operate in a complex loading environment, where the coupling of the aircraft structural response with the aerodynamics will lead to conditions involving rich nonlinear dynamics. The modeling of these fluid-thermal-structural interactions is complex and prohibitively expensive when high fidelity models are used (i.e., CFD and FEA). This aspect, and the lack of relevant flight-test and experimental data, have resulted in knowledge gaps, which have led to the design of overly-conservative structures in the past. Work at the Structural Sciences Center (SSC) of the USAF Research Laboratory has focused on addressing these knowledge gaps from a structures perspective. As discussed in Part I of this paper, 3 years ago the SSC began a series of wind-tunnel experiments to provide full-field experimental data for a clamped nominally flat panel exposed to supersonic flow. The present work will focus on numerical predictions of the panel dynamic response using a reduced order model (ROM) for the structural response and full-field measurement data to represent the loads on the panel.
Nonlinear Modulational Instability of an Electromagnetic Pulse in a Neutral Plasma

Using the propagation of an intense electromagnetic pulse through a neutral plasma as a model, we demonstrate how one can obtain information about the nonlinear behavior of modulated waves. Assuming no resonant instabilities, the envelope can be shown to evolve over long time scales according to a vector form of the well-known cubic nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation. In the weakly relativistic regime, three distinct nonlinear effects contribute terms cubic in the amplitude and thus can be of comparable magnitude: ponderomotive forces, relativistic corrections, and harmonic generation. Modulational stability of any given system is shown to depend on polarization, frequency, composition, and these dependences are given. In the special case of a cold positron-electron plasma, the model is strictly modulationally stable for both linear and circular polarization. However the presence of an ambient magnetic field can make a decisive difference. Now modulational instability can arise within a broad range of frequencies and values of Bq, m particular for a pure positron-electron plasma. For the case of intensely propagating (relativistic) EM plane plasma waves, we find that the circularly-polarized waves are modulationally unstable under a range of conditions. We use a unified approach which illustrates how the modulational instability changes as one moves from the weakly relativistic case to the fully relativistic case. And we are able to give the first self-consistent calculation of the modulational instability properties of a slowly-modulated, fully relativistic envelope. Modulated, intensely propagating EM waves couple (in general) to longitudinal motions via the ponderomotive force. The effect of longitudinal motions is comparable to that of relativistic nonlinearities. A correct and proper expansion procedure requires solution of all the field equations up to the appropriate order, including the longitudinal equations. In particular, in the extreme relativistic limit of either an electron-positron or ion-electron plasma, waves with frequencies below twice the relativistic plasma frequency ω p , where ω p 2 ≡ 4πe 2 n 0(1/(mγ 0) + 1/(MΓ0)), are unstable. Growth occurs on a very short timescale comparable to the time for a wave packet to move past a fixed point. (This timescale is much shorter than that for spreading of the wave packet due to linear dispersion.)
Drainage Patterns to Nontraditional Nodal Regions and Level IIB in Cutaneous Head and Neck Malignancy.

Objectives(1) Determine the frequency of nontraditional sentinel lymph node (SLN) locations in cutaneous head and neck malignancy and (2) determine the frequency of level IIB SLNs in cutaneous head...
Global Social Entrepreneurship Competitions: Incubators for Innovations in Global Health?

A growing number of organizations have launched social entrepreneurship competitions to help students develop the knowledge and skills to create sustainable solutions to the intertwined challenges ...
Applying the community capitals framework to the craft heritage trails of western North Carolina

ABSTRACTHandMade in America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation of craft heritage, identified tourism as an economic development strategy for their service area, the North Carolina Appalachian Mountains. In 1996, HandMade released a guidebook, The Craft Heritage Trails of Western North Carolina, which was designed to draw visitors to rural mountain communities where they could discover artists among the surroundings where they draw inspiration. The book was updated in two subsequent additions, and a spin-off book Farms, Gardens, and Countryside Trails was released in 2002. This study utilizes the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to illustrate how HandMade’s tourism strategy of trail development positively impacted multiple forms of community capital in rural communities. The CCF is a holistic system encompassing several forms of capital: natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, and built. The results demonstrate the ripple effect of impacts of HandMade’s heritage trail...
How good are superheavy element Z and A assignments

Proton number, Z , and mass number, A , assignments for newly discovered heavy element nuclides have historically been made by observing α decay to a daughter with well-established Z and A , and then observing the well-know decay of that daughter. For all of the new superheavy element isotopes observed in 48 Ca irradiations of actinide targets, this correlation technique has not been possible, because the α-decay chains end in spontaneous fission of previously unknown isotopes. Consequently, Z and A assignments have been made by less-direct means. The superheavy element Z and A assignment methods are summarized, and possibilities for how they may be incorrect are explored. While it is highly likely that most of the superheavy element Z and A assignments are correct, there is a real need for a direct proof.
Improving palliative care through teamwork (IMPACTT) in nursing homes: Study design and baseline findings.

Abstract Background The 2014 Institute of Medicine report recommended that healthcare providers caring for individuals with advanced illness have basic palliative care competencies in communication, inter-professional collaboration, and symptom management. Nursing homes, where one in three American decedents live and die, have fallen short of these competency goals. We implemented an intervention study to examine the efficacy of nursing home-based integrated palliative care teams in improving the quality of care processes and outcomes for residents at the end of life. Methods/design This paper describes the design, rationale, and challenges of a two-arm randomized controlled trial of nursing home-based palliative care teams in 31 facilities. The impact of the intervention on residents' outcomes is measured with four risk-adjusted quality indicators: place of death (nursing home or hospital), number of hospitalizations, and self-reported pain and depression in the last 90-days of life. The effect of the intervention is also evaluated with regard to staff satisfaction and impact on care processes (e.g. palliative care competency, communication, coordination). Both secondary (e.g. the Minimum Data Set) and primary (e.g. staff surveys) data are employed to examine the effect of the intervention. Discussion Several challenges in conducting a complex, nursing home-based intervention have been identified. While sustainability of the intervention without research funding is not clear, we surmise that without changes to the payment model that put palliative care services in this care setting on par with the more “skilled” care, it will not be reasonable to expect any widespread efforts to implement facility-based palliative care services.
Novel water-free biphasic absorbents for efficient CO 2 capture

Abstract Screening tests of a number of amines and organic diluents indicated that 30% weight blends of 2-(methylamino)ethanol (MMEA) or 2-(ethylamino)ethanol (EMEA) with bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether (DEGDEE) split into two liquid phases upon CO2 capture, an upper CO2 lean phase (mainly DEGDEE) and a lower CO2 enriched phase (mainly amine carbamate and protonated amine). These water-free biphasic absorbents have experimental CO2 loading capacity in the range 0.52–0.54. Besides batch experiments to measure the efficiency of CO2 capture and absorbent regeneration, the biphasic absorbents were tested in continuous cycles of CO2 (15% v/v in air) absorption–desorption carried out in packed columns. CO2 capture efficiency up to 97.6% was achieved with EMEA-DEGDEE and desorption temperature of the sole EMEA carbamate at 110 °C. 13C NMR analysis was used to identify and quantify the species occurring in the different liquid phases. The features of the absorbent were compared to those of 30% weight aqueous MEA. The better performances of our absorbent were greater absorption efficiency, reduced flow rate in the desorber and avoidance of any parasitic diluent to be heated in the desorption step.
A 28-Year-Old Woman With Branching Opacity and Chest Pain

A 28-year-old female patient presented through her primary care physician with symptoms of atypical chest pain and chronic cough. Her pain was described as pleuritic and intermittently radiating to the right arm. Her medical history was significant for recurrent respiratory infections, gastritis, and a left ovarian cyst treated with ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. She denied any history of smoking, known lung disease, or extrapulmonary infections.
Co-occurring evidence discovery for COPD patients using natural language processing

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects airflow to the lungs. Discovering the co-occurrence of COPD with other diseases and symptoms is invaluable to medical staff. Building co-occurrence indexes and finding causal relationships with COPD can be difficult because often times disease prevalence within a population influences results. A method which can better separate occurrence within COPD patients from population prevalence would be desirable. Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods are used to examine 64,371 deidentified clinical notes and discover associations between COPD and medical terms. A co-occurrence score is presented which can penalize scores based on term prevalence. The maximum improvements in recall for symptoms and diseases were 0.212 and 0.130. The maximum improvements in precision for symptoms and diseases were 0.303 and 0.333.
The “Perfect” Form of Heitler-London Theory

One of the many reasons behind the unwillingness of chemists to explore VB theory as a qualitative theoretical tool is the apparent size of the CW basis set. For example, in the case of a 4e-4c system, a complete VB basis set includes just two HL CW’s but eighteen more CW’s of the “ionic” type. However, this prolem can be circumvented by replacing localized by delocalized AO’s and implementing HL theory over such a basis. This brand of HL theory is the implicit form of VB theory with a complete basis of CW’s constructed from localized AO’s. The only difference between this type of HL theory and the traditional VB theory is conceptual accessibility, i.e., explicit VB theory makes more chemical sense than implicit VB theory. In order to understand how this apparently unanticipated equivalence arises, it is necessary to consider the elementary problem of two electron-two center bonding, where the two orbitals are denoted by x1 and x2. The following discussion draws from important arly contributions by Coulson and Fischer 92and Slater during the initial phase of development of VB theory.