cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: Beyond the Architect's Eye: Photographs and the American Built Environment by Mary N. Woods

Mary N. Woods . Beyond the Architect's Eye: Photographs and the American Built Environment . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, xxxiii + 317 pages, 21 color and 140 b/w illus. ISBN 9780812241082 We know architecture first-hand, as a three-dimensional experience; we know it also, as Mary N. Woods observes in Beyond the Architect's Eye, through photography. Photographs have often captured the essence of buildings in ways that transcend our first-hand experiences, transforming them into indelible memories. Indeed, much twentieth-century modern architecture is known to us through the iconic images of photographers such as Ezra Stoller, Bill Hedrick, and Julius Shulman, who worked with and for architects. Woods, professor of the history of architecture and urbanism at Cornell, challenges the canonization of this kind of architectural photography, especially in so far as it often erases human presence and gives us instead an abstract aesthetic of line, plane, curve, and volume—"eye candy or soft pornography," she calls it (xxii). In doing so, she invokes one of the great photographers of the 1930s, Berenice Abbott, who demonstrated in her own work the medium's power to depict, as Abbott put it, "the intersection of human beings and solid architectural construction all impinging upon each other in the same time" (xxii). Woods is also writing, to some degree, in the spirit of the Architectural Review 's famous (or infamous) "Manplan" series (1969–70), which sought to shift architectural photography's focus from depicting buildings as heroic objects to picturing the life around them, including the myriad social problems (education, urban protest, work, etc.) that are embedded in spatial structures. Hostile responses from the journal's readers, architects mainly, made this a short-lived experiment.1 Woods's …
Reforming College Sports and a Constrained, Conditional Antitrust Exemption

This paper argues that intercollegiate athletics is at a turning point. The status quo is not stable and change is coming. This change can move college sports further toward commercialization and quasi-professionalism or it can endeavor to reinforce the historical vision of college sports as an amateur activity subordinated to the educational mission of U.S. colleges. The former path will lead to increasing academic scandals, widespread financial insolvency and diminishing support for Olympic sports and Title IX. The latter path, while not without its own challenges, may succeed in restoring a proper balance between athletics and academics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dielectric relaxation of some spherical molecules

Previous measurements made in this laboratory have shown that elongated and flat molecules, and in general, non-spherical molecules, have a viscosity-dependent relaxation time, whereas the nearly spherical molecules exhibit relaxation times which are virtually independent of the viscosity of the medium. This paper will present some data which substantiates the viscosity independence of the relaxation times of some spherical molecules and will also give evidence of the existence of dipole-dipole interactions in the pure polar liquids.
O ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA NA EJA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS DIFICULDADES E DESAFIOS DO PROFESSOR

A educacao de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), reconhecida como modalidade de ensino, tem no professor um colaborador no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Destaco neste estudo os professores da disciplina matematica. Este artigo objetivou conhecer quais as principais dificuldades e desafios encontrados por esses profissionais ao trabalharem com turmas de EJA. A metodologia utilizada foi a realizacao de uma pesquisa exploratoria, de natureza qualitativa, com utilizacao da tecnica de entrevistas. Os resultados apontam que as maiores dificuldades encontradas estao na deficiencia de uma formacao de professores especifica para atender ao publico em questao, na estrutura educacional das escolas e nas condicoes sociais em que os alunos se encontram. Conclui-se que, tanto para profissionais quanto para alunos, a precariedade do sistema educacional, ressaltando a falta de formacao especifica para os professores, constitui-se um agravante no alcance da qualidade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, principalmente para os alunos da EJA.
Effect of humic acid doses on yield and quality parameters of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivars

Present research was conducted to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) on the yield and nutritional characteristics of cowpea varieties to provide an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. Field trials were carried out for 2 years in Konya/Turkey ecology. HA was applied in 4 doses (0, 70, 110 and 150 kg ha-1 in total) on 2 cowpea varieties (Akkiz and Karagoz) and a total of 20 parameters were evaluated. Results showed that, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, protein yield, potassium and manganese showed an increasing tendency by increased dose of humic acid. Furthermore, 70 kg ha-1 dose of humicacid recorded higher stomatal conductance and first pod height, while applicationof 110 kg ha-1 of humic acid recorded higher plant height and proteinratio. Future research related with nutritional values is needed for achieving better growing techniques and mineral composition in cowpea genotypes.
Meeting Basic Needs: Social Supports and Services Provided by Hospice.

Objective: Describe social goods and services for which hospices assist patients and families and the resources hospices use to do so. Background: Basic social supports and services not routinely covered by insurers may be needed by terminally ill patients and their families. Little is known about hospices' provision of such social supports and services. Methods: A 2014–2015 cross-sectional survey of hospices nationwide. Participating hospices had been in operation for at least 3 years and were located in any of the 50 states or District of Columbia. Hospices were surveyed about availability and sources of internal funds and referral to obtain basic social supports for patients. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and categorization were used to describe hospice practices. Measures included frequency and nature of goods and services provision in the prior year; and extent to which hospices used internal funds or community referral for goods and services. Results: Over 80% (n = 203) reported intern...
Ex-situ and in-situ observations of the effects of gamma radiation on lithium ion battery performance

Abstract Radiation effects induced by gamma rays on battery performance were investigated by measuring the capacity and resistance of a series of battery coin cells in-situ directly under gamma radiation and ex-situ. An experimental setup was developed to charge and discharge batteries directly under gamma radiation, equipped with precise temperature control, at The Ohio State University Nuclear Reactor Lab. Latent effects induced by gamma radiation on battery components directly influence their performance. Charge and discharge capacity and overall resistance throughout a time span of several weeks post irradiation were monitored and compared to control groups. It was found that exposure to gamma radiation does not significantly alter the available capacity and the overall cell resistance immediately, however, battery performance significantly decreases with time post irradiation. Also, batteries exposed to a higher cumulative dose showed close-to-zero capacity at two-week post irradiation.
Ambition and Fruition in Federal Criminal Law: A Case Study

This Article explores a recurrent puzzle in federal criminal law: why do the outcomes of a law — who ultimately gets prosecuted, and for what conduct — diverge, sometimes markedly, from lawmakers’ and enforcers’ aims? This disconnect between law’s ambition and fruition is particularly salient in federal drug enforcement, which has focused on capturing the most high-value offenders — large scale traffickers, violent dealers, and the worst recidivists — yet has imprisoned large numbers of offenders outside these categories. In this respect, federal drug enforcement is a case study in the ambition/fruition divide. Among the divide’s contributing factors, I focus here on organizational dynamics in enforcement: the pressures and incentives among and within the organizations that collectively comprise the federal drug enforcement enterprise. These pressures and incentives operate along three vectors: between the enforcers and the enforced; across and within federal enforcement institutions; and between federal and local enforcers. Together, they create a system that stymies focus on the most culpable even as it makes apprehending them a principal aim. This insight carries important implications for reform, both within drug enforcement and outside it. Changing who, and how many, we prosecute requires attention not only to laws, but also the lower-visibility spaces in which enforcement patterns take root. In the new political landscape, these lower-visibility spaces are federal criminal justice reform’s next frontier.
Spontaneous heterotopic triplets - A review of literature.

Abstract Objective Spontaneous heterotopic triplets, a tubal ectopic pregnancy and a twin pregnancy, are rare disorders. The study aimed to examine all available evidence regarding signs and symptoms, imaging findings, management and newborn outcome of spontaneous heterotopic triplets. Design A literature search in Medline and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2016 was conducted. The following key words were employed: ‘spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy’, OR ‘heterotopic triplets’. Only cases of spontaneous heterotopic triplets without assisted reproduction techniques were included. Results Six cases were identified and included in the present review. All cases presented with abdominal pain and one case presented in shock. Hemoperitoneum was present in five cases. Laterouterine mass with adnexal gestational sac is not systematically described (3 cases/6), but was a good ultrasonographic sign of heterotopic pregnancy. All patients had tubal rupture, but anyone had vaginal bleeding. The surgical treatment was made by salpingectomy in five cases to ensure successful treatment. The mean and median gestational age at delivery were 29.9 and 37.54 weeks, respectively (range 6–41 weeks). The neonatal outcome was good for 6 newborns. Conclusion Spontaneous heterotopic triplets are rare. Early surgical intervention is the key to successful treatment of heterotopic triplet pregnancy and allows good neonatal outcome.
The effect of pitch tracking on automatic dialect identification

Pitch tracking is one of the most important research topics in the recognition and identification area. This study concerns the effect of the pitch tracking technique used on the accuracy and speed of automatic dialect identification. This effort was carried out using the TIMIT database. The pitch tracking procedures investigated are the Boersma algorithm, the iterative adaptive inverse filtering approach, and the summation of residual harmonics method. All else being equal, the summation of residual harmonics provided the highest accuracy as well as the fastest performance of the three methods.
When the Goddess Speaks Her Mind: Possession, Presence, and Narrative Theology in the Gaṅgamma Tradition of Tirupati, South India

In the context of the South Indian Gaṅgamma grāmadevata (village goddess) tradition, this article asks: what can ethnographers learn by thinking theologically, an orientation that is identified as theological ethnography. Within this analytic perspective, the ethnographer looks and listens for ways in which worshipers ritually perform and narrate their own theologies about the goddess, but does not create theological analyses for that community. The article further asks what we can learn about the goddess—her agency and its limits, the ways in which she acts and moves in the human world, her desires, and her motivations to possess devotees—by listening to personal narratives of women so possessed. These narratives are forms of vernacular theology and imply a dialogic agency between humans and goddess. They help us to answer what both the goddess and humans gain (and may lose) when Gaṅgamma enters the human world through possession in/of and in the presence of human bodies. To imagine, describe, and analyze a world in which gods/goddesses are active agents is a theological move, and also one mode of good ethnography.
Physical Stratigraphy of the Post-Beekmantown-Pre-Liberty Hall Limestones, Central Rockbridge County, Virginia

In central Rockbridge County, Virginia, lower Middle Ordovician limestones crop out in three northeast striking belts. Structurally, the area of study is a thrust plate bounded by the Staunton-Pulaski and Little North Mountain faults. The Middle Ordovician limestones are separated from the underlying Lower Ordovician Beek1nantown Dolomite by a major unconformity. The Blackford Formation and the New Market Limestone vary greatly in thickness because they were deposited on the post-Beekmantown erosional surface. The pre-Whistle Creek disconformity separates the Beekmantown and New Market from the overlying Lincolnshire Limestone, divided into the Whistle Creek Member, the Murat facies, and the Rockbridge facies. The New Market and Whistle Creek contain platy chert; chert nodules are found in the Rockbridge facies. The light-colored Murat facies is composed of coarse-grained detrital limestone. The Whistle Creek Member, Rockbridge facies, and Botetourt Limestone contain finer-grained detrital limestone mixed with a minor amount of terrigenous material. After the deposition of the rusty-weathering Botetourt Limestone, an increase in terrigenous material and a decrease in grain size resulted in the Liberty Hall facies of the Edinburg Formation.
Magnetless ring circulators for full duplex division wireless communication

Concurrent full duplex division (FDD) operation is a goal for wireless communications allowing for simultaneous operation of a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). FDD ideally increases the available communication throughput by 2×. FDD requires circuits that isolate the TX from the RX, so that the co-located TX signal does not saturate the co-located RX. We present a magnetless ring circulator (MRC) that demonstrates greater than 30dB of transmit (TX) to receive (RX) isolation over a 27% fractional bandwidth centered at 5.6 GHz. Because the ring combiner is passive, it is not limited in power handling; isolation is measured up to a TX power of > 45 dBm with no degradation at that limit.
Prophylactic perioperative dexamethasone decreases the incidence of postoperative C5 palsies after a posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion.

Abstract Background Context Postoperative C5 palsy is a well-known complication of cervical decompression procedures. Studies have shown that posterior laminectomy and fusions confer the greatest risk of C5 palsy. Despite this, pharmacologic preventive measures remain unknown. We hypothesize that prophylactic perioperative dexamethasone (DEX) will decrease the rate of postoperative C5 palsy in patients undergoing a multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of prophylactic perioperative DEX in decreasing the rate of postoperative C5 palsy. Design This is a retrospective, single-institution clinical study. Patient Sample The patient population included all patients undergoing multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy and instrumented fusion procedures for myeloradiculopathy or myelopathy, who also received a course of perioperative dexamethasone. Surgeries occurred between 2012 and 2017 at a single tertiary care center by a single surgeon with at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients who underwent decompression procedures other than multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy and instrumented fusions; had trauma, fracture; underwent decompression not including C5-level, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; and had documented adverse reactions to steroids were excluded. Outcome Measures Preoperative demographics and postoperative complications, including development of postoperative C5 palsy, were considered as outcome measures. Materials and Methods A total of 189 consecutive patients who underwent multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy and instrumented fusion and received prophylactic perioperative DEX were reviewed. The rate of C5 palsy was investigated and compared with our historical control rate of C5 palsy before the institutional implementation of perioperative DEX. Demographics were reviewed, and risk factor stratification was analyzed. The safety of using DEX was investigated by examining postoperative complications. The clinical course of patients who developed C5 palsy was then reported. Results Postoperative C5 palsy occurred in 5 of the 138 patients (3.6%) meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients receiving perioperative DEX had a significantly decreased rate of postoperative C5 palsy compared with those who did not (3.6% vs. 9.5%, p=.01). Age was the only risk factor that was significantly correlated with development of C5 palsy (72.71±7.76 vs. 61.07±10.59, p=.02). Infection, seroma, and wound complication rates were 2.8%, 2.17%, and 1.44%, respectively, in patients receiving prophylactic DEX. All five patients receiving DEX who developed C5 palsy recovered with no residual deficits at an average of 16.8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions Perioperative prophylactic DEX therapy is a safe and effective way to decrease the incidence of C5 palsies in patients who undergo multilevel posterior laminectomy and fusion for myeloradiculopathy or myelopathy.
Male Spirituality and the Men's Movement: A Factorial Examination of Motivations:

The growing visibility of the grassroots movement of men's support groups throughout this country and a resurgence of spiritual interest and faith within the American population come together in th...
Migration und Religion in der Schweiz: Historischer und gesellschaftlicher Kontext

Die im Zentrum stehenden hinduistischen und muslimischen Jugendlichen sind nicht nur Angehorige religioser Minderheiten, sondern auch Sohne von Zugewanderten. Bevor auf Informationen zu Migration und Religion in der Schweiz eingegangen wird, sollen deshalb zunachst einige grundlegende Gedanken zum Phanomen der Einwanderung folgen.
A New Connection Solution for Hybrid Vehicle

The trend for passenger vehicle development is to incorporate more and more communication, safety and entertainment features to meet customer’s desires. At the same time, improving vehicle performance and enhancing driver and passenger’s comfort are becoming equally important. All of these have imposed higher and higher pressure on car makers to use smaller connection systems hiding inside a vehicle. For hybrid vehicles, because of the high current and voltage requirements, the requirement of smaller-size connection systems becomes even more challenging as the systems need to meet stricter shielding and sealing needs. This research focuses on the design and the manufacturing process of a connection system for hybrid application. The innovation results in a more flexible design which allows for a streamlined wiring connection system with large-sized cable. The system can work under 300 A, 1000 V electrical conditions with sealing, shielding and pluggable functions which in turn have solved a common problem encountered in hybrid vehicle design. The connection solution combines an inlet connector and a 90° pluggable adaptor with a unique design to reach shielding function. The related technologies include low pressure over molding process, ferrule crimping and round spring contact.
Dietary, Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Few treatments for autism generate as much controversy and consternation among families and caregivers than the group of treatments considered as complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments. Evidence-based practice should guide all treatments used for symptoms of autism, including behavioral, educational, medical biologic or complementary therapies. All interventions should be held to the same standards of evidence. This chapter discusses commonly used CAM therapies, reports the prevalence for use in children, reviews the factors promoting its use, and discusses the evidence-based evaluation of efficacy of treatments.
Throughput vs. area trade-offs in high-speed architectures of five round 3 SHA-3 candidates implemented using xilinx and altera FPGAs

In this paper we present a comprehensive comparison of all Round 3 SHA-3 candidates and the current standard SHA-2 from the point of view of hardware performance in modern FPGAs. Each algorithm is implemented using multiple architectures based on the concepts of folding, unrolling, and pipelining. Trade-offs between speed and area are investigated, and the best architecture from the point of view of the throughput to area ratio is identified. Finally, all algorithms are ranked based on their overall performance, and the characteristic features of each algorithm important from the point of view of its implementation in hardware are identified.
The Pediatric Resident Teaching Group: the Development and Evaluation of a Longitudinal Resident as Teacher Program

Residents serve as teachers in both formal and informal settings in medicine. As a result, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires the development of teaching competency. However, many residency programs lack Resident as Teacher (RAT) curricula; those that do have variable content and structure. Based on established conceptual frameworks, we created a longitudinal pediatric resident teaching group (PRTG). The members were self-selected pediatric residents who participated in faculty-led interactive didactic sessions focused on teaching skill development and were linked with resident-led teaching and mentoring of preclinical medical students in pediatrics. To assess program efficacy, residents completed a self-assessment of teaching skills prior to and at the end of each year of the program, and students completed evaluations of the residents’ teaching abilities. PRTG residents reported a significantly increased usage of teaching skills, as well as increased confidence and comfort teaching. Students assessed the residents to be “good” or “above average” teachers and found their learning “equivalent to” or “better than” when taught by an attending. PRTG residents found the program to be a feasible time commitment with the didactic skills session content useful and easily integrated into their teaching practice. The PRTG curriculum provides a consistent longitudinal framework for teaching skill acquisition that can enhance existing RAT programs to foster residents’ comfort teaching and skill usage.
Evaluation of the benefits of open graded friction course: Case study

Abstract This study evaluated the benefits of Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) via two field projects constructed by the Nevada Department of Transportation: one project was in Elko, and the other was in Las Vegas. Each project included both the OGFC and Dense-Graded Hot Mix Asphalt (DGHMA) sections. The Elko project was located in the town area of Elko while the Las Vegas project was constructed in a rural area on I-15 interstate highway. Laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the durability, rutting, and moisture-susceptibility of OGFC mixtures. The selected test methods included the Cantabro test, Tensile Strength Ratio test, and Hamburg Wheel-Track test (HWTT). The laboratory test results showed that the Las Vegas OGFC mixture passed all the performance criteria, but the Elko Mixture failed to satisfy the HWTT criterion. The field performance tests were conducted to assess the permeability, friction, and noise functionality over time. The selected test methods included the NCAT falling head permeameter test, locked-wheel skid trailer test, and On-Board Sound Intensity test. The field performance results demonstrated that the Las Vegas OGFC pavement exhibited benefits in permeability, friction, and noise reduction compared to the DGHMA pavement, while the Elko OGFC pavement showed comparable performance with the DGHMA pavement after 2-years of service. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted to monetize the advantages and disadvantages of OGFC pavements. As demonstrated in the economic analysis, the OGFC pavement in Las Vegas reduced the net present value of OGFC costs by 36%, while the OGFC pavement in Elko increased the net present value of costs by 86%. This indicates that the implementation of OGFC is cost-effective in rural highways but impractical in urban or town areas. High speed traffic is generally needed to help keep the interconnected voids of an OGFC pavement from becoming clogged over time. As a result of the reduced speed on the Elko project, the permeability functionality was lost after one year and the noise reduction benefit was lost after thirty two months.
The MR Cap: A single-sided MRI system designed for potential point-of-care limited field-of-view brain imaging.

PURPOSE The size, cost, and siting requirements of conventional MRI systems limit their availability and preclude usage as monitoring or point-of-care devices. To address this, we developed a lightweight MRI for point-of-care brain imaging over a reduced field of view (FOV). METHODS The B0 magnet was designed with a genetic algorithm optimizing homogeneity over a 3 × 8 × 8 cm FOV and a built-in gradient for slice selection or readout encoding. An external pair of gradient coils enables phase encoding in the other two directions and a radiofrequency (RF) coil provides excitation and detection. The system was demonstrated with high-resolution 1D "depth profiling" and 3D phantom imaging. RESULTS The lightweight B0 magnet achieved a 64-mT average field over the imaging region at a materials cost of <$450 USD. The weight of the magnet, gradient, and RF coil was 8.3 kg. Depth profiles were obtained at high resolution (0.89 mm) and multislice rapid acquisition with refocused echoes (RARE) images were obtained with a resolution ~2 mm in-plane and ~6-mm slice thickness, each in an imaging time of 11 min. CONCLUSION The system demonstrates the feasibility of a lightweight brain MRI system capable of 1D to 3D imaging within a reduced FOV. The proposed system is low-cost and small enough to be used in point-of-care applications.
Research and development of commercially manufactured large GEM foils

The recently completed Forward GEM Tracker (FGT) of the STAR experiment at RHIC took advantage of commercially produced GEM foils based on double-mask chemical etching techniques. With future experiments proposing detectors that utilize very large-area GEM foils, there is a need for commercially available GEM foils. Double-mask etching techniques pose a clear limitation in the maximum size. In contrast, single-mask techniques developed at CERN would allow one to overcome those limitations. We report on results obtained using 10 × 10 cm2 and 40×40 cm2 GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch Inc. of Plymouth, MA, USA using single-mask techniques and thus the beginning for large GEM foil production on a commercial basis. A quality assurance procedure has been established through electrical and optical analyses via leakage current measurements and an automated high-resolution CCD scanner. The Tech-Etch foils show excellent electrical properties with leakage currents typically measured below 1 nA. The geometrical properties of the Tech-Etch single-mask foils were found to be consistent with one another, and were in line with geometrical specifications from previously measured double-mask foils. The single-mask foils displayed good inner and outer hole diameter uniformities over the entire active area.
Directional emission from a microdisk resonator with a linear defect

Microdisk resonator with a linear defect at some distance away from the circumference is studied theoretically. We demonstrate that the presence of the defect leads to $(i)$ enhancement of the output efficiency and $(ii)$ directionality of the outgoing light. The dependence of the radiative losses and of the far-field distribution on the position and orientation of the defect are calculated. The angular dependence of the far field is given by Lorentzian with a width that has a sharp minimum for a certain optimal orientation of the defect line. For this orientation the whispering-gallery mode of a circular resonator is scattered by the extended defect in the direction normal to the disk boundary.
Self-colocation: a colocation puzzle for endurantists

The recent literature on the nature of persistence features a handful of imaginative cases in which an object seems to colocate with itself. So far, discussion of these cases has focused primarily on how they defy the standard endurantist approaches to the problem of temporary intrinsics. But in this article, I set that issue aside and argue that cases of apparent self-colocation also pose another problem for the endurantist. While the perdurantist seems to have a fairly straightforward account of self-colocation, the endurantist has a hard time saying exactly what it would be for an object to be self-colocated. After introducing this problem and explaining how the perdurantist can circumvent it with little difficulty, I discuss a number of tempting endurantist solutions that ultimately fail. Then I suggest an endurantist solution which I think is more promising, but which requires the endurantist to deny that apparent cases of self-colocation are genuine cases of self-colocation.
Correction to: Rates of TP53 Mutation are Significantly Elevated in African American Patients with Gastric Cancer.

In the original article Kaitlin C. McLoughlin’s name is spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here.
Promoting school lunch fruit and vegetable intake through role modeling: a pilot study.

Objectives: Child fruit and vegetable consumption is a critical component of adult chronic disease prevention, yet fruit and vegetable intake remains low among elementary school children in the United States. This pilot study tested a role modeling intervention designed to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in a U.S elementary school cafeteria setting. Methods: This one-year, repeated cross-sectional study used digital photographs to assess fruit and vegetable waste at baseline (n = 566 trays) and follow-up (n = 231 trays) of kindergarten through fifth grade students in one elementary school. Differences in waste were assessed through Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Feedback on intervention acceptability was provided by the intervention team during implementation. Results: The proportion of students consuming all of their selected fruits and vegetables increased by 11.1% and 8.7% respectively (p < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of students not consuming any of their selected fruit (16.0%, p < 0.001). Staff and students provided positive reports of intervention acceptance. Conclusions and Implications: Findings from this pilot study indicate that role modeling in a school cafeteria setting may be a promising health promotion strategy and provide groundwork for future research in the development of school cafeteria role modeling interventions. Further research is needed to assess intervention efficacy and acceptability at a larger scale.
A Newborn with a Large Posterior Head Mass

A preterm newborn presents with a large posterior head mass. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories
The movements of a recently urbanized wading bird reveal changes in season timing and length related to resource use

The American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) is a nomadic wading bird that is increasing the amount of time spent foraging in urban areas, relying on artificial wetlands and other anthropogenic resources year-round. In this study, we explore whether and how American White Ibis association with urban environments is predictive of variation in the timing and length of behavioral seasons. Other urbanized species exhibit altered annual cycles such as loss of migratory behavior and year-round breeding related to consistent resource abundance, often related to intentional and unintentional provisioning. To determine if these same patterns of behavior were also present in White Ibis, we used behavioral change point analysis to segment the tracks of 41 ibis equipped with GPS backpacks to identify the initiation and duration of four behavioral seasons (non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding, post-breeding) the degree of urban association. We found that intraspecific variation in urban habitat use had strong carryover effects on the timing and duration of behavioral seasons. This study revealed ibis with higher use of urban habitats in non-breeding seasons had longer non-breeding seasons and shorter breeding seasons that began earlier in the year compared to ibis that primarily use wetland habitats. The timing and duration of seasons also varied with ibis age, such that ibis spent more time engaged in breeding-related seasons as they aged. Juvenile and subadult ibis, though considered to be reproductively immature, also exhibit behavioral shifts in relation to breeding seasons. The behavioral patterns found in this study provide evidence that ibis are adapting their annual cycles and seasonal behaviors to exploit urban resources. Future research is needed to identify the effect of interactions between ibis urban association and age on behavioral season expression.
Exploratory Study of PaaS Adoption Determinants Using Experimentally Augmented Delphi Process

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is one of Cloud Computing service models [1]. Adoption factors associated with PaaS specifically are not explored. Management of database systems, middleware and application runtime environments is automated in PaaS [2]. PaaS issues and requirements were collected in three rounds from information technology experts using a novel Delphi technique augmented with experiment. PaaS experiment was required to have understanding of the factors and requirements. In this paper, PaaS adoption factors by an organization are systematically collected and explored. Evaluation of the adoption factors was based on experiment in a private cloud for an organization undergoing a transformation toward PaaS computing. It was found that technology, organization and environment (TOE) factors are relevant in this context. Based on collected data from Delphi process and the associated experiment, TOE adoption model for PaaS is proposed.
Does protein unfolding play a functional role in vivo

Unfolding and refolding of multidomain proteins under force has yet to be recognized as a major mechanism of function for proteins in vivo. In this review, we discuss the inherent properties of multidomain proteins under a force vector from a structural and functional perspective. We then characterize three main systems where multidomain proteins could play major roles through mechanical unfolding: muscular contraction, cellular mechano-transduction and bacterial adhesion. We analyze how key multidomain proteins for each system can produce a gain-of-function from the perspective of a fine-tuned quantized response, a molecular battery, delivery of mechanical work through refolding, elasticity tuning, protection and exposure of cryptic sites, and binding-induced mechanical changes. Understanding how mechanical unfolding and refolding affects function will have important implications in designing mechano-active drugs against conditions such as muscular dystrophy, cancer, or novel antibiotics.
Impact-Related Ground Reaction Forces Are More Strongly Associated With Some Running Injuries Than Others

Background:Inconsistent associations have been reported for impact-related ground reaction force variables and running injuries when grouping all injuries together. However, previous work has shown...
Abstract P195: The Association Of Psychological Stress Measures With Allostatic Load Among African Americans With Hypertension

African Americans experience disproportionate stress over the life course, which has been posited as an explanatory mechanism underlying racial disparities in CVD risk. We studied associations betw...
An extracellular activator of the Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway is a sex-determination signal element

Metazoans use diverse and rapidly evolving mechanisms to determine sex. In Drosophila melanogaster an X-chromosome-counting mechanism determines the sex of an individual by regulating the master switch gene, Sex-lethal (Sxl)1. The X-chromosome dose is communicated to Sxl by a set of X-linked signal elements (XSEs), which activate transcription of Sxl through its ‘establishment’ promoter, SxlPe. Here we describe a new XSE called sisterlessC (sisC) whose mode of action differs from that of previously characterized XSEs, all of which encode transcription factors that activate Sxl Pe directly. In contrast, sisC encodes a secreted ligand for the Drosophila Janus kinase (JAK) and ‘signal transducer and activator of transcription’ (STAT) signal transduction pathway and is allelic to outstretched (os, also called unpaired). We conclude that sisC works indirectly on Sxl through this signalling pathway because mutations in sisC or in the genes encoding Drosophila JAK or STAT reduce expression of SxlPe similarly. The involvement of os in sex determination confirms that secreted ligands can function in cell-autonomous processes. Unlike sex signals for other organisms, sisC has acquired its sex-specific function while maintaining non-sex-specific roles in development, a characteristic that it shares with all other Drosophila XSEs2.
Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis*

The possible existence of additional long-period planetary-mass objects in the extrasolar planetary systems 47 UMa and 14 Her is investigated. We combine all available radial velocity data on these stars, spanning up to 18 yr. For the 47 UMa system, we show that while a second planet improves the fit to all available data, there is still substantial ambiguity as to the orbital parameters of the proposed planetary companion 47 UMa c. We also present new observations that clearly support a long-period companion in the 14 Her system. With a period of 6906 ± 70 days, 14 Her c may be in a 4 : 1 resonance with the inner planet. We also present revised orbital solutions for seven previously known planets, incorporating recent additional data obtained with the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory.
The diversity of transients from magnetar birth in core collapse supernovae

Strongly-magnetized, rapidly-rotating neutron stars are contenders for the central engines of both long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and hydrogen-poor super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe-I). Models for typical (~minute long) LGRBs invoke magnetars with high dipole magnetic fields (Bd > 1e15 G) and short spin-down times, while models for SLSNe-I invoke neutron stars with weaker fields and longer spin-down times of weeks. Here we identify a transition region in the space of Bd and birth period for which a magnetar can power both a long GRB and a luminous SN. In particular, we show that a 2 ms period magnetar with a spin-down time of ~1e4 s can explain the observations of both the ultra-long GRB 111209 and its associated luminous SN2011kl. For magnetars with longer spin down times, we predict even longer duration (~1e6 s) GRBs and brighter supernovae, a correlation that extends to Swift J2058+05 (commonly interpreted as a tidal disruption event). We further show that previous estimates of the maximum rotational energy of a proto-magnetar were too conservative and energies up to Emax ~1-2e53 erg are possible. The magnetar model can therefore comfortably accommodate the extreme energy requirements recently posed by the most luminous supernova ASASSN-15lh. The high ionization flux from a pulsar wind nebula powering ASASSN-15lh may lead to an "ionization break-out" X-ray burst over the coming months, which would be accompanied by an abrupt change in the optical spectrum. We conclude by briefly contrasting millisecond magnetar and black hole models for SLSNe and ultra-long GRBs.
A theoretically-based method to estimate highway noise levels, with emphasis on parallel barrier insertion loss determination

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of knowledge concerning highway noisegeneration and control. There has also been many kilometers of noise barriers constructed.Two countries that have led in the area of highway noise control are Japanand the United States. Each country has developed an accurate prediction methodology, although there are significant differences between them. One objective of this paperis to discuss these differences, as one way of introducing the United States methodinto the international literature. The other objective of the paper is to present a methoddeveloped by the authors to quantify the insertion loss degradation caused by the presenceof parallel reflective highway noise barriers. This method allows the user to locatespatially all image sources, and to determine their magnitude. Comparisons with results from scale model studies indicate that this method is quite accurate.
Early Life Growth Trajectories in Cystic Fibrosis are Associated with Pulmonary Function at Age 6 Years

Objective To determine whether severity of lung disease at age 6 years is associated with changes in nutritional status before age 6 within individual children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Study design Children with CF born between 1994 and 2005 and followed in the CF Foundation Patient Registry from age ≤2 through 7 years were assessed according to changes in annualized weight-for-length (WFL) percentiles between ages 0 and 2 years and body mass index (BMI) percentiles between ages 2 and 6 years. The association between growth trajectories before age 6 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 )% predicted at age 6-7 years was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Results A total of 6805 subjects met inclusion criteria. Children with annualized WFL-BMI always >50th percentile (N = 1323 [19%]) had the highest adjusted mean (95% CI) FEV 1 at 6-7 years (101.8 [100.1, 103.5]). FEV 1 at 6-7 years for children whose WFL-BMI increased >10 percentile points by age 6 years was 98.3 (96.6, 100.0). This was statistically significantly higher than FEV 1 for children whose WFL-BMI was stable (94.4 [92.6, 96.2]) or decreased >10 percentile points (92.9 [91.1, 94.8]). Among children whose WFL-BMI increased >10 percentile points, achieving and maintaining WFL-BMI >50th percentile at younger ages was associated with significantly higher FEV 1 at 6-7 years. Conclusions Within-patient changes in nutritional status in the first 6 years of life are significantly associated with FEV 1 at age 6-7 years. The establishment of a clear relationship between early childhood growth measurements and later lung function suggests that early nutritional interventions may impact on eventual lung health.
Crystal structure of halogenase PltA from the pyoluteorin biosynthetic pathway

Abstract Pyoluteorin is an antifungal agent composed of a 4,5-dichlorinated pyrrole group linked to a resorcinol moiety. The pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 encodes the halogenase PltA, which has been previously demonstrated to perform both chlorinations in vitro. PltA selectively accepts as a substrate a pyrrole moiety covalently tethered to a nonribosomal peptide thiolation domain PltL (pyrrolyl-S-PltL) for FAD-dependent di-chlorination, yielding 4,5-dichloropyrrolyl-S-PltL. We report a 2.75 A-resolution crystal structure of PltA in complex with FAD and chloride. PltA is a dimeric enzyme, containing a flavin-binding fold conserved in flavin-dependent halogenases and monooxygenases, and an additional unique helical region at the C-terminus. This C-terminal region blocks a putative substrate-binding cleft, suggesting that a conformational change involving repositioning of this region is necessary to allow binding of the pyrrolyl-S-PltL substrate for its dichlorination by PltA.
Allelochemicals, minerals and herbivore population size

Abstract Foods containing hydrolysable or condensed tannins depleted mouse body sodium concentrations. Supplementation of tannin diets with minerals eliminated sodium depletion and reduced toxic effects caused by tannin ingestion. Similar results were obtained by providing both tannin and saponin containing foods. A triterpene saponin did not cause sodium depletion. Sodium is limiting to some herbivore populations and herbivores frequently exhibit appetites for sodium. Sodium appetites and sodium population limitation are associated with consumption of tannins or other plant allelochemicals likely to cause sodium depletion. Enhanced sodium (or other mineral) requirements provides a mechanism whereby plants may maintain herbivore carrying capacities below levels likely to result in severe damage to vegetation.
Titan IV motor failure and redesign analyses

A fully interactive, gas-flow-grain structural analysis was developed and applied to reconstruct the failure mode of the first prequalification motor and to evaluate the redesigned grain configuration for the Titan IV solid-rocketmotor upgrade. The gas-flow analysis was based on an adaptive, unstructured, finite-element method for the solution of full Navier-Stokes flows inside solid-rocket-motors. The grain structural analysis was conducted using a general-purpose, finite-element program with the consideration of viscoelastic properties of the propellant and orthotropic properties of the graphite-epoxy motor case. The exact deformed grain geometry was considered in the fully interactive, gas-flow-grain structural analysis. Results of the analyses for the first prequalification motor and for the redesign motor agreed well with the data obtained from the static firing tests. The study provided confirmation and confidence required for the implementation of the grain modification. The qualification program for the Titan IV solid-rocket-motor upgrade was completed with five successful tests of the motors with the redesigned grain configuration.
On The Performance Of Technology-Sourcing Partnerships: The Interaction Between Partner Interdependence And Technology Attributes

This study examines the outcomes of technology-sourcing partnerships from the sourcing firms' point of view. Using a knowledge-based perspective, the authors develop a contingency model suggesting ...
Perspectives on Future Directions in Vocational Psychology.

Abstract This review highlights some themes of and issues raised by the 10 articles in this 30-year retrospective of the Journal of Vocational Behavior . Major research directions, described often as opportunities, include research on issues of diversity, especially including race and social class; uses and implications of new technologies for vocational behavior; organizational career development; and longitudinal research, especially on the phenomenon of work adjustment over the life span. Common issues raised as challenges to our field were whether to emphasize the use of newer qualitative methodologies and the degree to which we should expand our disciplinary focus (e.g., to sociology, economics, and education) versus strengthening our ties to and identity with psychology. The crucial importance of continuing to attract new researchers to vocational behavior was a frequently mentioned challenge. The article concludes with a summary of recommendations for the future.