cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent mitral stenosis : problems of management.

Abbreviation: TEE 5 transesophageal echocardiography A 44-year-old woman was evaluated for the primary complaint of the sensation of rapid and irregular beating of the heart, which was intensified by exertion. This sensation had been apparent for approximately 2 months and was associated with increased fatigability. Her previous history disclosed that elsewhere, 21 years previously, she had undergone aortic valve replacement combined with mitral valvotomy, but the records of this event were unavailable. She had never previously noted a rapid or irregular heart rhythm, and the remainder of the history and review of systems was completely negative. Three weeks previously, her referring physician had initiated regular oral treatment with digoxin and warfarin. On examination, the BP was 130/80 mm Hg, and the pulse rate was estimated at 85 beats/min and irregular. Physical findings included a displaced apical impulse to 1 cm lateral to the midclavicular line. An accentuated first heart sound and a soft mitral opening snap were audible. Opening and closing sounds were compatible with a mechanical aortic prosthetic valve. There was a grade 2/6 apical pansystolic murmur together with a grade 2/6 mid diastolic rumbling murmur consistent with combined mitral stenosis and regurgitation. A grade 3/6 early systolic ejection murmur was noted at the base together with a soft, high-pitched (blowing) diastolic decrescendo murmur (grade 1/6) heard maximally at the mid-left sternal border and consistent with aortic regurgitation. The lungs were clear to auscultation, and the findings of the remainder of the examination were normal. The ECG disclosed atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response rate of 75 beats/min; ST-T abnormalities were consistent with the effect of digitalis. An echocardiogram disclosed an enlarged left atrium (diameter, 4.8 cm). The mitral valve was thickened and stenotic, with a valve area estimated by both direct planimetric measurement and Doppler echocardiographic assessment to be approximately 1.1 cm 2 . Mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation was demonstrated. A mechanical prosthetic valve in the aortic position was visualized, and peak systolic gradient of 47 mm Hg across this structure was derived by Doppler echocardiographic assessment. Mild regurgitation was noted across this orifice. The left ventricular size and systolic motion were normal. There was mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation, from which the right ventricular systolic pressure was estimated to be in the range of 30 to 40 mm Hg. Chest radiography disclosed a cardiac silhouette indicative of left atrial enlargement, but the lung fields were clear. A mechanical prosthetic aortic valve was present together with evidence of a previous sternotomy.
Glucocorticosteroids in Dentistry

Because many dental patients are also receiving adrenal corticosteroid therapy, dentists must understand the physiology and pharmacology of glucocorticosteroids and their use in dental practice.
Minimum entropy open loop control for linear dynamical systems with uncertain parameters

This paper presents a minimum entropy approach for the design of an optimal bang-bang control for linear dynamical systems with parametric uncertainty. The curse of dimensionality is of major concern when the dimension of the uncertain parameter space increases while designing robust controllers. In this paper an alternative probabilistic approach is developed to account for parameter uncertainty when designing a rest to rest maneuver. Specifically the entropy of the final time energy is minimized with respect to an assumed control profile. Efficient quadrature/cubature points such as the recently developed Conjugate Unscented Transform points are shown to be highly advantageous for estimating entropy via the principle of maximum entropy. Finally numerical examples are shown to validate the proposed approach.
Effectiveness of Introducing Problem Based Learning in the Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum

Problem solving is the primary intellectual activity of engineers. Therefore, enhancing problem-solving skills is essential for preparing engineering students for practice in the profession. A powerful approach for enhancing problem-solving skills is the problem-based learning (PBL) method. This paper presents the design and construction of a PBL-based course in materials science at the junior level in a mechanical & aerospace engineering (MAE) department. We assess the ability of a PBL course based on longer complex problems to enable students to learn both fundamental knowledge of the subject matter and also problem solving skills and contrast it with outcomes in a traditional lecture based course. The issues and challenges faced in assessing and implementing PBL are discussed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Intemperance: The Lost War Against Liquor

(1980). Intemperance: The Lost War Against Liquor. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 85-85.
Hormonal regulation of trehalose metabolism in the blowfly, Phormia regina: interaction between hypertrehalosemic and hypotrehalosemic hormones.

Abstract Hypertrehalosemia occurs two days after cardiacectomy of adult male Phormia regina with no attendant change in fat body glycogen. In spite of this, cardiacectomized flies caused to fly for 10 min show a lower rate of haemolymph trehalose turnover, and seem to have a decreased capability for synthesizing trehalose from haemolymph glucose. Phormia brain is shown to contain a hypotrehalosemic hormone whose release depends on the integrity of the stomatogastric nervous system. It is possible that the hypertrehalosemic condition in cardiacectomized flies is a result of the absence of this hormone from the blood.
Topographic terms of Southern Scotland: Their distribution and significance

Abstract This paper examines the distribution of selected topographic terms thought typical of southern Scotland. It shows that most of these terms are also found in northern England and that their distribution reflects early settlement patterns in the study region.
Solar currents linked to sunspots

Mt. Wilson Observatory astronomers Robert Howard and Barry J. LaBonte have correlated currents of east-west motion on the sun's surface with the rhythm of the 11-year sunspot cycle and the regions of heaviest sunspot activity. The researchers analyzed 12 years of digital full-disk data on the 5250-A line of Fe I. These were recorded daily with the magnetograph of the 45.72-m tower telescope at Mt. Wilson. Velocities were determined from wavelength shifts, and after compensating for the varying rates of rotation at different latitudes, the astronomers found what they describe as alternating zones of slow and fast rotation. The bands of rapid motion averaged 3 m/s faster than the average speed of rotation at any given latitude; slow bands averaged a similar amount less than the average velocity. (At the poles, the sun rotates once every 33 days; at the equator, once every 25 days.
Forebrain psychophysiology of feelings: interest and involvement.

i Some two decades ago, I wrote: There is a convergence between earlier biological theories of emotion and a current, The current presentation stems from two apparfar more comprehensive view. The medieval humeral theoent paradoxes that must still be addressed by any ries find a berth in current endocrine research. Lange's viscomprehensive theory of emotion. One concerns ceral theory is confirmed as taking part in the arousal mechanism that provides feelings of interest, novelty, familiarity, and more painful disruptions of stable states. James' emphasis on a report to the brain of bodily responses is shown to be a manifestation of the brain's representation of familiar body responses so that departures from the familiar are arousing. Cannon's thalamic theory is supported by the documentation that the diencephalon is a prime locus for receptors sensitive to the humors that determine the body's chemical response systems and thus central to the (homeostatic) maintenance of the stable representations of body states. Papez' and MacLean's extension of Cannon's brain locus to the limbic forebrain is also amply supported-and one must now add (as foreshadowed by Nina Bull's attitude theory) the basal ganglia as well-in that limbic formations and basal ganglia are shown to be part of the neurochemical regulating mechanisms responsible for stable states and the sensing of departures from such stable states. Such departures were at an earlier time enco~npassed by Lindsley, by Dufy, and by Malmo under the banner of activation theory. Finally, as demanded by clinical evidence and social psychological experiment, the cerebral isocortex is not exempt from playing a critical role in the organization of emotional and motivational experience and expression. Laboratory evidence has shown that the intrinsic portions of the cerebral cortex, the 'association' corteces of the posterior convexity and of the frontal pole, exert their influence via the basal ganglia, the forebrain focus of the arousal and readiness systems. This cortical control accounts for the specific 'labeling' of feelings-Pribram (19801, p. 245.
DC Transport in Self-Assembled 2D Layers of Ag Nanoparticles†

The temperature dependence of the DC resistivity of silver quantum dot self-assembled 2D Langmuir monolayers was obtained. The films exhibit a metallic-like resistance at high temperatures (above 2...
Robust detection method for differential expression studies

Background Differential gene expression analysis typically applies a statistical hypothesis testing procedure to the (log-transformed) data for each gene and then adjusts for multiple testing. However, it is not always clear whether a parametric or non-parametric test of hypothesis is preferred for a specific application. In a less complex application, a statistical test or graphical assessment of the fit of the assumed parametric model (e.g. the normal distribution) could be used to make this determination. However, in the analysis of microarray data it is unclear how to assess assumption adequacy for each gene and use it to guide subsequent analysis. Therefore, we introduce the principle of empirical Bayes assumption adequacy averaging and use it to develop a robust method to perform differential expression analysis. The proposed method combines results from the t-test and nonparametric rank-sum test according to the results of assessing the assumption of normality using the Shapiro-Wilk procedure. Through this averaging process, the proposed method is able to rely more heavily on the statistical test that the data suggests is superior for each individual gene. Subsequently, we observed that the proposed method has desirable power and robustness properties in a series of traditional and bootstrap-based simulation studies. Additionally, the proposed method showed greater concordance in gene selection across two studies of gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia than did the t-test or rank-sum test. Finally, we note that the principle of empirical Bayes assumption adequacy averaging can be used to develop robust procedures for a wide variety of experiments. from UT-ORNL-KBRIN Bioinformatics Summit 2008 Cadiz, KY, USA. 28–30 March 2008
Following the cat: A preface for the next three papers

Abstract The three papers to follow, by Chris Rasmussen and three of his students, build from a task design the authors of this note developed in the 1990s. To introduce these papers, which extend our prior work in new directions, we sketch some background here.
Density measurements for thick-film laser targets

Abstract We measured the absolute densities of 5 μm-thick films of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum that had been vapor deposited on thicker substrates intended for use in laser-driven shock wave experiments. Proton backscattering measurements show that the film densities are equal to the densities of bulk materials to within the experimental accuracy of about ± 1%. The films were uniform to ± 1% over spatial dimensions > 10 μm as determined by the Los Alamos Nuclear Microprobe.
The influence of hydrocortisone and indomethacin on the release of prostaglandin-like substances during circulatory shock in cats, which was induced by an intravenous administration of rabbit blood.

Summary An intravenous injection of fresh rabbit blood into cats caused a circulatory shock appearing in three distinct phases. Using the blood-bathed organ technique it was found that the first hypotensive phase was correlated with an appearance of histamine and kinin-like substances in mixed venous blood the second hypertensive phase was associated with catecholaminemia, while the last fatal hypotensive phase was accompanied by a release of prostaglandin-like substances. Indomethacin 20 mg/kg i.v. or hydrocortisone 50 mg/kg i.v. abolished the release of prostaglandin-like substances, prevented the fatal hypotension and thereby protected cats against immediate death. Pretreatment with propranolol 0.5 mg/kg and phenoxybenzamine 1 mg/kg i.v. abolished the second and the third phases of the shock, but did not influence the survival times of the animals. It is concluded that pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin release either by steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protects against circulatory shock, which is induced by an injection of foreign species blood.
Anaerobic infections in the newborn infant

Within the period of 1 year in a special care nursery, Bacteroids were obtained in three blood cultures from neonates with suspected sepsis. Two cases of fatal infection with Bacteroides bacteremia in neonates are reported. A third seriously ill infant was suspected of having an anaerobic infection and appeared to respond when antibiotics were changed to include broad coverage for anaerobic organisms. Preliminary observations of the clinical pharmacology of parenteral clindamycin in low-birth-weight infants are presented. With present improvement in laboratory methodology for isolating anaerobic organisms and aggressive attempts at diagnosis, these bacteria may be increasingly recognized as an important cause of perinatal infections.
Variations in the spectral distribution of daylight at various geographical locations on the earth's surface

Abstract Three locations, Barrow, Alaska at 71°N, Rockville, Maryland at 39°N and the Pacific end of the Panama Canal at 9°N, are the sites used for solar radiation data comparisons in this paper. Data collected by precision pyranometers over the years 1968–1974 show, with great clarity, that one cannot compute the daily insolation on a horizontal surface with variations of less than 50 per cent from some mean value. The spectral quality of daylight is not the same at all places, nor is the rate of change in the spectral quality the same at all locations. The greatest variations in the spectral quality occur in the peak response region for silicon, 600–800 nm. The blue, 400–500 nm, also shows large variations, but, like the red bands, most of these variations are due to local atmospheric conditions. Of the three sites, Rockville shows the greatest amount of variation from year to year, as well as during the year. Because of the large variability in daily totals at Rockville, it appears that it will be necessary to monitor daily amounts of solar radiation to evaluate the performance of heating and cooling systems for buildings using solar energy in this area. One other trend has also been noted in Rockville: a small but steady decline in the amount of solar energy falling on a horizontal surface. Between 1971 and 1974 the decline in energy was approximately 4.5 per cent.
Inhibition of Cell Growth in vitro by Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, at a concentration of 40 micrograms per milliliter, inhibits the growth of HeLa and strain L cells in culture. The inhibition becomes progressively greater during the incubation of the cells. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine, metabolites of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, do not affect the growth of either cell culture. This suggests that 3',5'-monophosphate enters the cell without alteration. Dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, reported to have a greater activity than adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate on several tissues, inhibited the growth of the cells much less.
Prediction of the 3-D structure of rat MrgA G protein-coupled receptor and identification of its binding site.

Mrg receptors are orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located mainly at the specific set of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, suggesting a role in nociception. We report here the 3-D structure of rat MrgA (rMrgA) receptor [obtained from homology modeling to the recently validated predicted structures of mouse MrgA1 and MrgC11] and the structure of adenine (a known agonist, Ki=18nM) bound to rMrgA. This predicted binding site is located within transmembrane helical domains (TMs) 3, 4, 5 and 6, with Asn residues in TM3 and TM4 identified as the key residues for adenine binding. Here the side chain of Asn88 (TM3) forms two pairs of hydrogen bonds with N3 and N9 of adenine while Asn146 (TM4) makes two pairs of hydrogen bonds with N1 and N6 of adenine. These interactions lock adenine tightly in the binding pocket. We also predict the binding site of guanine (not an agonist) and seven other derivatives. Guanine cannot make the hydrogen bond to Asn146 (TM4), leading to binding too weak to be observed experimentally. The predicted binding affinity for other adenine derivatives correlates with the availability of the hydrogen bonds to these two Asn residues. These results validate the predicted structure for rat MrgA and suggest mutation experiments that could further validate the structure. Moreover the predicted structure and binding site should be useful for seeking other small molecule agonists and antagonists.
Mediating Effects of Relationships With Mentors on College Adjustment

This study examined the relationship between student adjustment to college and relational health with peers, mentors, and the community. Data were collected from 80 undergraduate students completing their first semester of course work at a large university in the mid-South. A series of simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that higher levels of relational health with mentors were the strongest predictors of college student success during the first semester. Suggestions for developing a mentoring program are provided.
Study of CoGa deposition from the single source precursor (CO)4CoGaCl2 (THF)

Abstract Depositions of thin films of CoGa from the single-source precursor (CO)4CoGaCl2(THF) (1) have been carried out in an epitaxial organometallic chemical vapor deposition reactor. Prior to deposition, mass spectrometric (MS) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses of 1 were undertaken. Electron impact MS reveals a tendency for 1 partially to disproportionate (after loss of THF) into ClGa[(CoCO)4]2 and GaCl3 at probe temperature (120°C). The parent molecular ion for 1 appears with only low relative intensity (1%) indicating easy loss of THF as the first step. The principal features of the spectrum can be assigned to step-wise CO-loss series of peaks derived from three parent ions [(CO)4CoGaCl2]+ (a), [(CO)4CoGaCl]+ (b), and [(CO)4Co]+ (c). The relatively high intensity of the peaks derived from parent ions (a) and (b) indicate a relatively good stability of the CoGa bond through to the species [CoGa]+ (rel. int. 15%). TGA of 1 under Ar shows decomposition in a single step in the range 100 to 230°C; residual weight of 44% is higher than expected for CoGa alone. Under H2 however, a multistep decomposition process is observed culminating at 400–450°C; residual weight is 33%, close to that expected for CoGA. In the (cold wall) CVD reactor, optimum deposition occurs under reduced pressure (0.9–6 torr) and laminar flow conditions using H2 as carrier gas for (100)GaAs, (100)Si, and Al2O3 as substrates; growth rates are about 1.8 μm/h. Polycrystalline films are obtained under all conditions; annealing under H2 for 2 h at 500°C gives relatively sharp XRD patterns for β-CoGa. For depositions in the range 250 to 350°C the Co/Ga ratio in the films is close to 1/1 showing control of stoichiometry by the precursor. These films however still contain some Cl. In the range 350 to 400°C the Cl content is lowered, however, the films become Co rich indicating loss of Cl is accompanied by loss of Ga. The stoichiometric control achieved in the present work indicates that single source precursors of ratio CoGa2 could give Ga rich (64 at.% Ga) β-cubic CoGa for lattice matching to (100)GaAs.
Early Childhood Care: Relations with Family Characteristics and Preferred Care Characteristics.

Abstract Using data from the National Household Education Survey of 1995, this paper links family income, ethnicity, and child’s age to child care characteristics such as type of setting, hours spent in nonparental care, and number of care arrangements. Findings indicate that children from families with incomes that are at least twice the poverty threshold are more likely than other children to be in nonparental care and generally spend more hours in nonparental care. Ethnicity, not poverty, is related to use of relative-care; Black infants and toddlers are more likely to be in relative-care than White or Hispanic infants and toddlers, regardless of poverty status. Few income, ethnicity, or age differences emerged in analyses of characteristics parents prefer in the selection of type of care. The type of care a family uses is related to the extent to which the family values a setting that will care for sick children and values having a care provider with training.
CVM modeling of the square Ising lattice with one next-nearest-neighbor interaction

As an analysis of the development of first-order behavior in two-dimensional Ising lattices, the square lattice with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions and a ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction in the (11) direction has been modeled. The phase diagram was calculated for a range of interaction parameters and imposed fields; the calculations were performed using the cluster variation method (CVM). Analysis of the calculations suggests that no first-order behavior is developed in this system, so that higher dimensionality or connectivities are required before such behavior is developed.
The effect of hydrostatic pressure and heavy water upon regeneration in Blepharisma.

Abstract 1. 1. Hydrostatic pressure ruptures postperistomal pieces of Blepharisma very rapidly at 15,000 pounds per square inch (psi) and more slowly at lower pressures. 2. 2. At 4000 and 3000 psi blepharismas do not cytolyze but they fail to regenerate while under pressure, although they regenerate normally when brought to atmospheric pressure. 3. 3. Regeneration occurs with considerable delay at 2500 and 2000 psi; at 1500 to 1000 psi regeneration occurs with relatively little delay. 4. 4. Brief exposure of 10 to 15 sec to 15,000 psi damages postperistomal pieces of Blepharisma to some extent, inasmuch as regeneration at atmospheric pressure thereafter is slightly delayed, the time for 50 per cent regeneration being increased by 20 to 40 per cent. 5. 5. Whole blepharismas are about as sensitive as postperistomal pieces: death occurs rapidly at 15,000 psi. 6. 6. Brief exposure to 15,000 psi, insufficient to cause disintegration, alters the whole blepharismas to some extent inasmuch as they shorten and become larger in circumference. However, the division rate of such individuals implanted into culture medium is comparable to that of controls. 7. 7. Under high hydrostatic pressure (3000–4000 psi), which just prevents regeneration, incorporation of 14C-uridine continues at a somewhat lower rate than in the control. 8. 8. Pressure which stops regeneration also considerably delays the macronuclear changes which occur during regeneration. As soon as pressure is released the macronucleus continues its changes in shape, and regeneration is completed.
Ammonia production following maximal exercise treadmill vs bicycle testing

From a population of 20 healthy male volunteers, half performed constant speed, incremental load maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) tests on a motor-driven treadmill, while the other half performed similar VO2max tests on a bicycle ergometer. The two groups, matched for size and age, showed no significant differences in VO2max, maximum heart rate, or in post-exercise (4 min ) peripheral venous blood concentrations of lactete or pyruvate. However, post-exercise peripheral venous blood ammonia levels were significantly higher in the group tested on the bicycle ergometer than in the treadmill group.
Solubility of hydrous ferric oxide and iron speciation in seawater

Iron solubility equilibria were investigated in seawater at 36.22‰ salinity and 25°C using several filtration and dialysis techniques. In simple filtration experiments with 0.05 μm filters and Millipore ultra-filters, ferric chlorides fluorides, sulfates, and FeOH2+ species were found to be insignificant relative to Fe(OH)2+ at p[H+] = −log [H+] greater than 6.0. Hydrous ferric oxide freshly precipitated from seawater yielded a solubility product of ∗Kso = [Fe3+][H+]−3 = 4.7 · 105. Solubility studies based on the rates of dialysis of various seawater solutions and on the filtration of acidified seawater solutions indicated the existence of the Fe(OH)30 species. The formation constant for this species can be calculated as ∗β3 = [Fe(OH)30] [H+]3/[Fe3+] = 2.4 · 10−14. The Fe(OH)4− species is present at concentrations which are negligible compared to Fe(OH)2+ and Fe(OH)30 in the normal pH range of seawater. However, there is at least one other significant ferric complex in seawater above p[H+] = 8.0 (possibly with bicarbonate, carbonate, or borate ions) in addition to the Fe(OH)2+ and Fe(OH)30 species.
Neural networks-based face recognition using Fourier plane nonlinear filters

ABSTRACT We describe a nonlinear joint transform correlator-based two-layer neural network that uses a supervised learningalgorithm for real-time face recognition. The system is trained with a sequence of facial images and is able to classify aninput face image in real-time. Computer simulations and optical experimental results are presented. The processor can bemanufactured into a compact low-cost optoelectronic system. The use of the nonlinearjoint transform correlator providesgood noise robustness and good image discrimination.Keywords: optical pattern recognition, neural networks, nonlinear joint transform correlator1. INTRODUCTIONFace recognition is an important application ofpattern recognition and neural networks. It is, however, a difficulttask, as the facial appearance is constantly changing because of different head perspectives, different illuminations, andhair styles. Neural network techniques are attractive solutions for this problem."3 The photorefractive-hologram-basednetwork for real-time face recognition has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. 'Thissystem is trained by thegradual adaptation of photorefractive holograms and can recognize, at standard video rates, the images of faces for whichit has been trained. The perceptron neural networks have been implemented by a volume hologram in which the weightswere stored holographically.3 The perceptron algorithm was also implemented by the use ofphotorefractive crystals foradaptable interconnections but with incoherent erasure to achieve subtractive weight changes.4 Optical demonstrations ofperceptron learning by the use of a spatial light rebroadcaster have been reported.5In this paper, we propose a nonlinear joint transform correlator-7'5 (JTC-) based network associated with asupervised perceptron learning algorithm for real-time face recognition.2 The system is a two-layer neural network asshown in Fig. 1 .
Using Google Flu Trends data in forecasting influenza-like–illness related ED visits in Omaha, Nebraska

Abstract Introduction Emergency department (ED) visits increase during the influenza seasons. It is essential to identify statistically significant correlates in order to develop an accurate forecasting model for ED visits. Forecasting influenza-like–illness (ILI)-related ED visits can significantly help in developing robust resource management strategies at the EDs. Methods We first performed correlation analyses to understand temporal correlations between several predictors of ILI-related ED visits. We used the data available for Douglas County, the biggest county in Nebraska, for Omaha, the biggest city in the state, and for a major hospital in Omaha. The data set included total and positive influenza test results from the hospital (ie, Antigen rapid (Ag) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV) tests); an Internet-based influenza surveillance system data, that is, Google Flu Trends, for both Nebraska and Omaha; total ED visits in Douglas County attributable to ILI; and ILI surveillance network data for Douglas County and Nebraska as the predictors and data for the hospital's ILI-related ED visits as the dependent variable. We used Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Holt Winters methods with3 linear regression models to forecast ILI-related ED visits at the hospital and evaluated model performances by comparing the root means square errors (RMSEs). Results Because of strong positive correlations with ILI-related ED visits between 2008 and 2012, we validated the use of Google Flu Trends data as a predictor in an ED influenza surveillance tool. Of the 5 forecasting models we have tested, linear regression models performed significantly better when Google Flu Trends data were included as a predictor. Regression models including Google Flu Trends data as a predictor variable have lower RMSE, and the lowest is achieved when all other variables are also included in the model in our forecasting experiments for the first 5 weeks of 2013 (with RMSE=57.61). Conclusions Google Flu Trends data statistically improve the performance of predicting ILI-related ED visits in Douglas County, and this result can be generalized to other communities. Timely and accurate estimates of ED volume during the influenza season, as well as during pandemic outbreaks, can help hospitals plan their ED resources accordingly and lower their costs by optimizing supplies and staffing and can improve service quality by decreasing ED wait times and overcrowding.
Enhancement of exchange coupling and hard magnetic properties in nanocomposites by magnetic annealing

Abstract An enhancement of the exchange coupling and hard magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd 2 Fe 14 B/α-Fe-type nanocomposites was achieved by optimization of their nanostructured morphology via magnetic annealing. Compared with the Nd 2.4 Pr 5.6 Dy 1 Fe 84 Mo 1 B 6 sample annealed without a magnetic field, the magnetic annealing results in a noticeable improvement in the coercivity i H c , the remanence 4πM r , and energy product (BH) max . (BH) max at 50 K was enhanced by 43.7% after magnetic annealing in a field of 19 T. The kink in the demagnetization curve disappeared and, additionally, a much better squareness of the demagnetization curves was observed in the magnetically annealed samples. The intergrain exchange coupling was evaluated by Henkel plots. Evidence for stronger intergrain exchange coupling was found in the magnetically annealed sample, which is due to nanostructure refinement promoted by the magnetic annealing. The nanostructure refinement was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, low-temperature demagnetization curves and a modified Brown’s equation analysis. The improvement of hard magnetic properties of the magnetically annealed sample results mainly from the magnetic-field-induced exchange-coupling enhancement.
Protective Effects of the SOD-mimetic SC-52608 Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in the Rabbit Isolated Heart

Abstract An experimental model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was used to assess the cardioprotective effects of SC-52608, a low molecular weight superoxide dismutase mimetic. Langendorff perfused rabbit isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Hearts perfused in the presence of 20 μM SC-52608 exhibited a decrease in the release of creatine kinase and intracellular potassium compared to hearts receiving vehicle (control). A progressive increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure developed upon reperfusion in all hearts, but was significantly greater in control hearts when compared to hearts with SC-52608 (P
Laryngeal obstruction by cervical and endolaryngeal lymphatic malformations in children: proposed staging system and review of treatment.

Objectives:We review and stage a series of congenital lymphatic malformations (LMs) that caused laryngeal obstruction according to a proposed staging system, review the treatment modalities utilized, and correlate the stage of disease with clinical outcomes and tracheotomy statuses.Methods:We present a detailed description of the clinical presentation, management approach, and clinical outcome and tracheotomy status of a series of patients with laryngeal obstruction by LMs. A 4-part staging system (stages I to IV) for congenital LMs obstructing the larynx, based upon our clinical experience, is proposed. The patients were retrospectively reviewed and staged according to the proposed system, and clinical management and outcomes were correlated with the stage of disease.Results:We identified 16 patients with laryngeal obstruction by LMs. Eighty-one percent (13 of 16) received sclerotherapy, and 50% (8 of 16) underwent operative excision or debridement. Forty percent (2 of 5) of stage I lesions, 75% (3 of 4)...
A computerized population model for system repair/replacement

Abstract This paper describes a computarized model that was developed to support a general modeling approach for the determination of feasible strategies for the repair/replacement of a population of units. “A Dynamic Repair/Replace Population Model” (DRRPM), is a software prototype that is capable of analyzing 12 primary streams or “groupings” a similar items with 2 operating environments per stream for a maximum planning horizon of 12 periods. Stream “groupings” are based on similar failure distributions, number of operational hours, similar operating environments etc. A simple case study is included to demonstrate the usage of the computer model. The DRRPM management and cost summaries can assist in the determinaton of appropriate maintenance programs and can facilitate systematic resource allocation for a population of repairable or replaceable units.
Formation of gas hydrates from single-phase aqueous solutions

Abstract Experiments and theory both demonstrate that crystalline hydrates can form from a single-phase system consisting of liquid water with dissolved hydrate former under appropriate conditions of temperature, pressure, and dissolved hydrate former content. At these conditions, the pressure required for hydrate formation will be equal to or greater than that required when a separate gas or liquid phase of hydrate former is present. It is possible to form hydrates from a single phase when the mole fraction of dissolved hydrate former is greater than the mole fraction which would exist in the water-rich liquid phase at the three-phase (vapor/water-rich liquid/hydrate or VLH) hydrate equilibrium pressure. However, this would represent non-equilibrium or super-saturated conditions with respect to hydrate formation. It is also possible to form hydrates from a single water-rich phase when the mole fraction of the dissolved hydrate former is less than that which would exist in the presence of a gas phase at the three-phase VLH hydrate equilibrium pressure. The pressure requirement for the formation of hydrate increases as the mole fraction of hydrate former decreases under these conditions. The possibility of forming hydrates from dissolved hydrate formers may have application to potential commercial processes; for example, in the sequestration of CO 2 in the deep ocean and in the recovery of hydrates from suboceanic and permafrost regions.
Cobaloxime π-Cation Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects: The Amazing Effect of a Single Methyl Group Adjacent to the Site of Reaction

Typically, β-hydroxylalkylcobaloximes are very sensitive to acid, readily forming transient cobaloxime π-cations which can either be trapped with nucleophiles or undergo irreversible alkene loss. Surprisingly, 2,3-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl cobaloxime (1) was found to be stable to acid treatment, including that by the strong acid camphorsulfonic acid. A comparative study of the acid stability of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl cobaloxime (8), 2,3-dihydroxylbutyl cobaloxime (9), and 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl cobaloxime (10) was done, showing that 8 and 9 exhibit normal acid sensitivity whereas 10 is stable to acid. The inclusion of an additional methyl group in going from 9 to 10 completely turns off an otherwise very facile reaction, presumably due to severe steric effects of the py(dmgH)2Co moiety of the cobaloxime which forces the acyclic chain of 10 to adopt a conformation which is stereoelectronically nonproductive for cobaloxime π-cation formation.
Phonotaxis and Calling in Puerto Rican Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

Calling songs of mole crickets known as Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder in Puerto Rico differ significantly from songs of S. vicinus and S. acletus Rehn and Hebard in the southeastern United States. Female mole crickets showed a significant response to outdoor broadcasts of a synthesized Puerto Rican song but not to synthesized songs of the U.S. S. vicinus or S. acletus. Puerto Rican “S. vicinus” (changa) may respresent two species, since two types of calling songs occur. Unlike the two U.S. species, males do not construct specialized calling burrows, male calling activity is not restricted to twilight hours, and carrier frequencies of calling songs (4.5 and 3.5 kHz) are the highest reported for any mole crickets.
Sensor and algorithm performance of the WAR HORSE hyperspectral sensor during the 2001 Camp Navajo wide-area collect

The following paper describes a recent data collection exercise in which the WAR HORSE visible-near-infrared hyperspectral sensor was employed in the collection of wide- area hyperspectral data sets. Two anomaly detection algorithms, Subspace RX (SSRX) ans Gaussian Spectral Clustering (GSC), were used on the data and their performance is discussed.
THE PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE SHP-2 ASSOCIATES WITH TYROSINE-PHOSPHORYLATED ADHESION MOLECULE PECAM-1 (CD31)

Aggregation of many cell-surface receptors results in tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous proteins. We previously observed the tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM-1 (CD31), after FceRI stimulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Here we found that PECAM-1 was also transiently tyrosine-phosphoryated after adherence of these cells to fibronectin. Similarly aggregation of the T cell receptor on Jurkat cells also induced this tyrosine phosphorylation. The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 is a widely expressed cytosolic enzyme with two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. SHP-2, but not the related protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, associated with PECAM-1. This association of the two proteins correlated with the extent of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1. A fusion protein containing the two SH2 domains of SHP-2 precipitated PECAM-1 from cell lysates and also directly bound to phosphorylated PECAM-1. In immune precipitate phosphatase assays, there was tyrosine dephosphorylation of PECAM-1. Therefore, integrin and immune receptor activation results in tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1 and the binding of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which could regulate receptor-mediated signaling in cells.
Acoustic emission monitoring of wind turbine blades

Damage to wind turbine blades can, if left uncorrected, evolve into catastrophic failures resulting in high costs and significant losses for the operator. Detection of damage, especially in real time, has the potential to mitigate the losses associated with such catastrophic failure. To address this need various forms of online monitoring are being investigated, including acoustic emission detection. In this paper, pencil lead breaks are used as a standard reference source and tests are performed on unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer plates. The mechanical pencil break is used to simulate an acoustic emission (AE) that generates elastic waves in the plate. Piezoelectric sensors and a data acquisition system are used to detect and record the signals. The expected dispersion curves generated for Lamb waves in plates are calculated, and the Gabor wavelet transform is used to provide dispersion curves based on experimental data. AE sources using an aluminum plate are used as a reference case for the experimental system and data processing validation. The analysis of the composite material provides information concerning the wave speed, modes, and attenuation of the waveform, which can be used to estimate maximum AE event – receiver separation, in a particular geometry and materials combination. The foundational data provided in this paper help to guide improvements in online structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades using acoustic emission.
Felty's syndrome

The clinical and pathologic findings of Felty's syndrome are discussed. A case is presented which demonstrates the nonspecific inflammatory oral lesions commonly seen with this syndrome. The role of the dentist in relating these nonspecific lesions to the basic disease process is emphasized.
Magnetic and Structural Analysis of Ultra-Thin Magnetic Films, Multilayers, and Superlattices by Mössbauer Spectroscopy

In the study of thin films and surfaces as well as the examination of superlattices, the careful characterization of these systems including their structural, magnetic, transport, and other properties has been absolutely crucial to the advancement of the field. As means of sample preparation have progressed, techniques for evaluating the flatness, continuity, crystallinity, etc. of thin films and surfaces have become ever more necessary to understand the resulting magnetic and electronic properties. Because iron is often a constituent of magnetic thin films and because the isotope 57Fe shows a strong Mossbauer Effect over a wide temperature range the technique of Mossbauer Spectroscopy offers much to the study of surfaces, thin films, and superlattices.
B. Extending the Core Language

In this section we present a variety of ways in which the syntax of L can be enriched so as to represent a significantly larger fragment of English. Broadly speaking L is enriched in two sorts of ways: We add new lexical items in heretofore empty categories, and we add new operators forming derived expressions in new ways.
Angiotensin II and VEGF are involved in angiogenesis induced by short-term exercise training

Results from our laboratory have suggested a pathway involving angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation....
The acute effects of local vibration therapy on ankle sprain and hamstring strain injuries.

AbstractAims: The purpose of this study was to determine if biomechanical muscle stimulation (BMS) applied directly to different segments of the body using the Swisswing® device results in acute improvements in range of motion and perceived stiffness in physically active adults with acute or subacute ankle sprain and hamstring strain injuries. Methods: Two separate groups of individuals with grade I or II ankle sprain (n = 5; 21.2 ± 1.9 years) or hamstring strain (Nn= 5; 20.6 ± 1.8 year) underwent 20 minutes of a controlled therapy consisting of ice, compression, and elevation, and 10 minutes of segmental BMS using the Swisswing® at 20 Hz. Ankle (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion), hamstring flexibility, and subjective ratings of stiffness were assessed prior to control treatment (baseline), post-control treatment, and post-Swisswing® treatment. Results: Relative to the post-control condition, Swisswing® treatment significantly (P < 0.03 for all) increased ankle dorsiflexion and eversion ...
Validation of Special Sensor Microwave Imager monthly-mean wind speed from July 1987 to December 1989

Since July 1987, wind speed has been routinely computed from first principles, using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) measurements of the intensity of microwave radiation emitted at the ocean surface. The accuracy of monthly-mean SSM/I wind speeds is determined by comparisons with moored-buoy wind measurements. All results for 1988 were virtually identical with 1989. The range of monthly mean moored-buoy wind speeds was 2-10 ms/sup -1/. During 1987, the equatorial matchups were not equivalent with 1988 and 1989, and the cause remains unknown. The root-mean-square (rms) difference of 697 monthly-mean matchups of the composite 1988 and 1989 data set was 1.2 ms/sup -1/. The rms differences were smaller in the equatorial zone and higher in middle latitudes. At middle latitudes the time series of rms differences displayed an annual cycle. In the equatorial zone the agreement between SSM/I and in situ data was better in regions with a lesser amount of clouds, and vice versa. >
Antecedents of children's comprehension of television advertising

This study compared the importance of role taking and logical operations stage in predicting children's understanding of the purpose of television advertising. Role taking was found to be the more critical variable.
Morphology control in precursor ceramic powder production by the Electrical Dispersion Reactor

The Electrical Dispersion Reactor (EDR) allows the continuous production of composite oxide ceramic precursor materials. Silica particles in the form of highly porous shells are produced by the hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate as the continuous phase and water-ammonia as the disperse phase, reflecting the diffusion of the silicon moiety into the dispersed phase. Alternately, denser silica particles result when aqueous solutions of sodium metasilicate are dispersed in a continuous phase containing acetic acid in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Additionally, spherical particles in the size range 0.1 to 2 microns are produced from the dispersion of aqueous solutions containing cupric chloride or a mixture of cupric chloride, yttrium nitrate, and barium nitrate (3:1:2 molar ratio) into a continuous organic phase containing ammonia.
Radiation‐induced polymerization of 1,1,2‐trichlorobutadiene

The γ-ray-induced polymerization of 1,1,2-trichlorobutadiene, m.p. −48.5°C., was investigated in the temperature range from +55 to −196°C. In the liquid state, the following results were obtained: (1) the rate decreases with decrease of temperature (Ea = 8.0 kcal./mole); (2) the dose rate dependences of rate and of molecular weight are 0.49 and −0.25, respectively; (3) the reaction is inhibited by DPPH; (4) the structure of the polymer is predominantly 1,4 units. It was concluded that the liquid-state polymerization proceeds by a radical mechanism, and the radical yield was found to be 19.7. In the solid state, the following results were obtained: (1) the rate is considerably higher than in the liquid state immediately above the melting point and gradually decreases with decrease of temperature (Ea = 0.34 kcal./mole); (2) the dependence of the rate on dose rate is unity while the molecular weight is independent of the dose rate; (3) the reaction rate is unaffected by DPPH and accelerated by dimethylformamide; (4) the structure of the polymer, 3,4 units, is completely different from that of the polymer obtained in the liquid-state polymerization. The solid-state polymerization is probably of a different nature and is not well elucidated.