cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double tagging clarifies post-release fate of great hammerheads ( Sphyrna mokarran )

Biotelemetry applications have advanced our understanding of many highly migratory species, but present a challenge for species that suffer high capture and/or post-release stress. Failing to accurately characterize post-release fate can obfuscate our understanding of animal movement patterns and complicate the development of effective conservation and management plans. The great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is a long-lived, highly migratory shark listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as Endangered. Accordingly, we used a combination of tags designed to report horizontal position estimates and verify post-release fate, to examine movements of great hammerheads in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Between May and September 2016, three individuals (one male and two females) were equipped with both fin-mounted smart position and temperature transmitting (SPOT) tags and survivorship pop-off archival tags (sPAT) to provide information on post-release fate. Tagged sharks measured 187 (F), 203 (M), and 250 (M) cm total length. All three sharks surfaced daily, yet individuals showed variability in vertical habitat use, with maximum daily depths ranging from 5 to 98 m. A single fin-mounted SPOT tag, attached to the smallest of the three sharks, reported position estimates over an 81-day period and moved a straight-line distance of approximately 400 km; however, the other two fin-mounted SPOT tags failed to generate position estimates. All three sPAT tags indicated post-release survival. Final positions of the sPAT tags from the two largest sharks suggested restricted horizontal movements (< 35 km). Despite their demonstrated utility on other shark species that frequent the surface, fin-mounted SPOT tags may not be the best option for tracking great hammerheads. In addition, our findings illustrate the value of double-tagging animals under certain conditions; notably, over the short monitoring period of this study, one of the three sharks tagged may have been incorrectly presumed dead had only a fin-mounted SPOT tag been used.
Molecular and genetic characterization of genes involved in maize cuticular wax biosynthesis

A mutagenesis experiment was undertaken to identify maize genes involved in the production of epicuticular wax. A collection of 186 gl mutants was tested for allelism with the existing collection of cuticular wax mutants via a combination of mapping and complementation experiments. Nine new gl loci involved in the production of cuticular waxes were identified. The wide variety of pleiotropic effects associated with mutants at
Regulation of the map kinase cascade

The MAP kinase cascade is regulated by many hormones and growth factors and its activation leads to changes in properties of cytoplasmic, membrane-associated, and nuclear proteins. The MAP kinases themselves are activated by MEKS. MEKs lie at a point of convergence for multiple upstream signals, mediated by distinct protein kinases, Raf, MEK kinase, and Mos, all of which have MEK kinase activity. Additional inputs that stimulate the MAP kinase pathway are the activation of protein kinase C and the yeast protein kinase STE20. Mechanisms of regulation of some of the upstream components of this cascade have not yet been fully elucidated.
Animal Models of Vascular Development and Endothelial Cell Biology

There have been great advances in the past 15 years in our understanding of how blood vessels form and function. Many of these advances result from the availability of several animal models that allow for embryological, molecular, and genetic manipulations of the developing vasculature. Here I describe four vertebrate animal models used in studies of vascular development. The frog, zebrafish, avian, and mouse embryos are compared historically and currently. Recent advances using each model are highlighted. Finally, I describe the use of animal derivatives, the chick chorioallantoic membrane and mouse embryonic stem cells, for studies of blood vessel formation.
A Demand Response Strategy for Continuous Processes Using Dynamic Programming Approach

Abstract This work considers the problem of optimizing the energy management in the operation of dynamic continuous processes subject to demand response objectives. A dynamic programming approach that aims to lower the operating cost is developed and presented. The dynamics of process transition between operating modes, as well as the time-sensitive energy profiles, are incorporated into the optimization formulation. The merits of the proposed approach are demonstrated using a jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor where the energy required is assumed to be proportional to the material flow.
Migrazioni contemporanee: Testi e contesti

Migrazioni contemporanee: Testi e contesti edited by Giusy di Filippo and Martina Di Florio is two books in one. First of all, it comprises a selection of writings in Italian by migrant authors bor...
The Measurement and Analysis of Acoustic Noise as a Random Variable

In ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation, experimental measurements of the scattered wave field resulting from sonification of a flaw are corrupted with acoustic noise. Acoustic noise results from non-flaw related scattering or reflection of the incident waves. In many probabilistic approaches to flaw detection, classification, and characterization, a stochastic model for a noise-corrupted flaw signal is utilized where acoustic noise is assumed to be an uncorrelated, Gaussian random variable with zero mean. In addition, it is assumed that an estimate of the average power spectra of the noise is available [1–3]. The goal of the work presented here was to measure and analyze acoustic noise as a random variable. Emphasis was placed on evaluating these assumptions and on estimating the average power spectra of the noise.
Pathologic Quiz Case: Hepatic Mass in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma

A white woman had a radical right nephrectomy for stage I renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type. She had yearly computed tomographic scans that showed no evidence of tumor. Seven years postnephrectomy, however, an abdominal computed tomographic scan identified a new 2.0-cm, hypodense, nonenhancing peripheral mass present in the posterior right lobe of her liver (Figure 1). There was no associated biliary dilatation or lymphadenopathy, and no recurrent mass was identified in the right renal surgical bed. Physical examination was unremarkable. Blood tests revealed a white blood cell count of 5.5 3 109/L; hemoglobin, 140 mmol/L; platelets, 146 3 109/L; and normal liver function tests with a prothrombin time of 13.1 seconds and international normalized ratio of 1.0. The patient’s carcinoembryonic antigen value was less than 1.0 mg/L, and CA19-9 was within the normal range. Viral hepatitis serology, a-fetoprotein levels, and antimitochondrial antibodies were unavailable. A chest radiograph and whole body bone scan showed no evidence of metastases. Fine-needle aspiration of the liver mass revealed polymorphous lymphoid cells, normal hepatocytes, and rare atypical spindle cells. A computed tomography–guided needle core biopsy revealed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The hepatic lesion was surgically resected, as metastatic re-
Hertz: The Battle of Lincoln Park: Urban Renewal and Gentrification in Chicago

This small-format paperback traces the history of revitalization and urban renewal in a section of Chicago’s Near North Side, focusing on the Tower Town (later known as Old Town) and Lincoln Park n...
Laparoscopic Vecchietti - Minimally Invasive Treatment for Vaginal Agenesis

Video Objective To describe the surgical steps and postoperative care utilized when performing a laparoscopic Vecchietti procedure for the treatment of complete vaginal agenesis. Setting 21 year old female with complete vaginal agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) who desires surgical management and creation of a neovagina. Interventions The laparoscopic Vecchietti procedure is a simple, minimally-invasive technique for the creation of a neovagina in patients with complete vaginal agenesis. Unlike other vaginoplasty techniques, this method does not rely on the use of grafts or surgical flaps. Instead, this procedure creates a neovagina through continuous invagination of the vaginal dimple by an olive-shaped vaginal dilator. The vaginal “olive” is connected to a spring-loaded tensioning device on the patient's abdomen via laparoscopically placed sub-peritoneal sutures. Following placement of the system in the operating room, the sutures are tensioned by 1 to 2 cm each day and a 10 cm neovagina is created over the course of 7 to 10 days. The vaginal olive and sutures are removed in the office, and the patient is instructed to perform daily vaginal dilation using handheld dilators to prevent shortening and stenosis of the neovagina. Conclusion The laparoscopic Vecchietti is a simple and effective procedure to treat complete vaginal agenesis using a minimally-invasive approach.
Enhanced Golic+: highly effective CRISPR gene targeting and transgene HACKing in Drosophila.

Gene targeting is an incredibly valuable technique. Sometimes however, it can also be extremely challenging for various intrinsic reasons (e.g. low target accessibility or nature/extent of gene modification). To bypass these barriers, we designed a transgene-based system in Drosophila that increases the number of independent gene targeting events while at the same time enriching for correctly targeted progeny. Unfortunately, with particularly challenging gene targeting experiments, our original design yielded numerous false positives. Here we deliver a much-improved technique named Enhanced Golic+ (E-Golic+). E-Golic+ incorporates genetic modifications to tighten lethality-based selection while simultaneously boosting efficiency. With E-Golic+, we easily achieve previously unattainable gene targeting. Additionally, we built an E-Golic+ based, high-efficiency genetic pipeline for transgene swapping. We demonstrate its utility by transforming GAL4 enhancer-trap lines into tissue-specific Cas9-expressing lines. Given the superior efficiency, specificity and scalability, E-Golic+ promises to expedite development of additional sophisticated genetic/genomic tools in Drosophila.
Nationwide patterns in industry payments to academic vascular surgeons.

Abstract Objective Financial relationships between vascular surgeons and industry are essential to the development and adoption of innovative technology. However, these relationships may establish competing interests. Our objective was to describe publicly available financial transactions between industry and academic vascular surgeons. Methods Academic vascular surgeons were identified and characterized on the basis of publicly available data correlated with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Association of American Medical Colleges data to identify academic practice settings. Vascular surgeons were linked to Open Payments data for 2017 as reported by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Univariate and nonparametric tests were used for analysis. Results Of 1158 academic vascular surgeons identified, 997 (86%) received industry payments totaling $8,548,034. Overall, the median of total payments received was $814 (interquartile range [IQR], $124-$2863). The top paid decile of vascular surgeons received $29,645 (IQR, $16,128-$61,701). Payments to the top decile accounted for 81% of all payments. Payments did not vary by academic rank but did vary by sex, with male vascular surgeons (n = 954) receiving $889 (IQR, $146-$3217) vs female vascular surgeons (n = 204) receiving $467 (IQR, $87-$1533; P = .002). By leadership role, division chiefs received the highest median payment amount ($1571; IQR, $368-$11,281) compared with department chairs ($424; IQR, $56-$2698) and vascular surgeons without leadership role ($769; IQR, $117-$2592; P = .002). Differences in payments were also seen on the basis of U.S. census region: Northeast, $571 (IQR, $90-2462); Midwest, $590 (IQR, $75-$2364); South, $1085 (IQR, $241-$3405); and West, $1044 (IQR, $161-$4887; P = .001). The most common categories of payments were food and beverage (paid to 85% of all vascular surgeons), travel and lodging (35%), and consulting fees (13%). Among the top decile of vascular surgeons, median payments exceeded $10,000 for three categories: consulting fees, compensation, and honoraria. Payments were made by 178 distinct entities with median total payments of $286 (IQR, $70-$6285). The three top entities paid a total of $5,004,061, which accounted for 59% of all payments. Payments from at least one of the top three entities reached 76% of vascular surgeons. Conclusions Most academic vascular surgeons receive publicly reported industry payments that are paid by a limited number of entities, typically for food and beverage or travel and lodging. The top 10% of vascular surgeons received higher median payment amounts, totaling 81% of all industry payments. Vascular surgeons should be aware of publicly reported payment information and the potential for conflicts of interest.
High-permittivity dielectric edge termination for vertical high voltage devices

A novel edge-termination concept using extreme permittivity dielectrics is proposed to effectively manage electric fields in vertical power-devices. This method is expected to be particularly significant for wide band-gap semiconductors, where field termination is a significant challenge due to material and process limitations. Detailed two-dimensional device simulation is used to prove the efficacy of this idea, and to demonstrate that peak electric fields are significantly reduced by this method. We also show an analytical model that gives an intuitive picture into the mechanism of high-permittivity dielectric field plate. Low process complexity and flexibility in the design of power devices can be achieved. We show that junction termination efficiency can be increased from 22.7% (no junction termination) and 50% (conventional field plate) to 73% (high-permittivity-terminated device).
The Impact of Food on Bioavailability of Oxycodone Myristate: A Case Report:

Background:In efforts to reduce misuse of opioids, new abuse deterrent formulations of medications have been developed. Insurers increasingly give abuse-deterrent opioid formulations preferred form...
Physical health literacy of student-athletes.

Student-athletes are a vulnerable population who face many unique stressors and often engage in risky physical behaviours. Understanding that high levels of health literacy (HL) can lead to improved health knowledge and decreased negative health outcomes, the purpose of this study was to assess the HL of both student-athletes and their non-athlete peers attending NCAA Division I, II and III institutions. Specifically, guided by Nutbeam's (2000) framework of HL, we assessed functional, communicative and critical HL in 205 student-athletes and 205 non-athlete students using the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale. Compared to non-athletes, student-athletes had lower functional HL (b = 0.20; p < .001; d = 0.21), lower communicative HL (b = 0.12; p < .01; d = 0.13) and higher critical HL (b = 0.11; p < .05; d = 0.11). These findings suggest that additional interventions may be needed to increase the self-sufficiency of student-athletes to care for personal physical health. As social work in sport is an emerging subspecialty of the profession, social workers may consider increased involvement in advocating for this group by working with individuals, coaches and teams to decrease stigma in requesting health services, attending to the complexity of interacting systems and stressors in student-athletes' lives in therapeutic interventions, and connecting them to empowering health education resources.
An Overview of Triadica sebifera (Chinese Tallowtree) in the Southern United States, Emphasizing Pollinator Impacts and Classical Biological Control

Throughout history a great many plant species have been purposefully transported to new areas around the globe. Horticulture, the promise of new sources of plant material for industry, forage, food, and stabilization of soil are only a few of the motives for the early transcontinental exchange of plants. Many introductions have been beneficial or benign, but some plants introduced into new areas are now considered invasive and detrimentally impact the environment. Triadica sebifera (Chinese Tallowtree; Euphorbiaceae) is an excellent example of the best intentions leading to unanticipated negative effects many decades later. Native to eastern Asia and now naturalized and widespread in many tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas in the world, Chinese Tallowtree has proven to be one of the worst woody invasive plants. It is known for shading out native vegetation, capable of dominating areas following disturbance or even invading previously diverse undisturbed habitats. It is prevalent in the southern United States, especially along the Gulf Coast. Investigations into classical biological control of Chinese Tallowtree have yielded at least 2 promising candidates but have raised objections among beekeepers and beekeeping organizations who prize the quality honey produced from an abundant spring nectar flow. In this overview, we discuss Chinese Tallowtree's invasive characteristics, detrimental effects, potential use as a biomass crop, and demonstrated or potential direct and indirect effects on native and non-native pollinators. We review the current state of identification and screening of biological control agents and present 4 research topics that are would fill gaps in our knowledge of Chinese Tallowtree and pollinators. Classical biological control has the potential to reduce Chinese Tallowtree populations across the landscape, which would likely result in greater understory and tree diversity, benefitting native and exotic pollinators.
Nonlinear Distributed Filtering with Different Local Models

We derive the evolution of the conditional density of the state of a Markov process based on all the measurements of the state while using local conditional density functions communicated to the coordinator. The local conditional density functions are the result of local processing based on different valid local models and the local measurements of the state of the process. The derived equation is used to derive the distributed evolution of the first two moments of the central state.
Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making

Scores on the three-item Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) have been linked with dual-system theory and normative decision making (Frederick, 2005). In particular, the CRT is thought to measure monitoring of System 1 intuitions such that, if cognitive reflection is high enough, intuitive errors will be detected and the problem will be solved. However, CRT items also require numeric ability to be answered correctly and it is unclear how much numeric ability vs. cognitive reflection contributes to better decision making. In two studies, CRT responses were used to calculate Cognitive Reflection and numeric ability; a numeracy scale was also administered. Numeric ability, measured on the CRT or the numeracy scale, accounted for the CRT’s ability to predict more normative decisions (a subscale of decision-making competence, incentivized measures of impatient and risk-averse choice, and self-reported financial outcomes); Cognitive Reflection contributed no independent predictive power. Results were similar whether the two abilities were modeled (Study 1) or calculated using proportions (Studies 1 and 2). These findings demonstrate numeric ability as a robust predictor of superior decision making across multiple tasks and outcomes. They also indicate that correlations of decision performance with the CRT are insufficient evidence to implicate overriding intuitions in the decision-making biases and outcomes we examined. Numeric ability appears to be the key mechanism instead.
Sampled-Data Control of Nonlinear Systems with Delayed Control Inputs

We investigate the sampled-data control of nonlinear systems under delayed control action. Two nonlinear state feedback control algorithms are considered, both of which attempt to cause the system response to emulate that of a linear reference model. The "nonlinear gain scheduling" approach is based on a discretization of a linearization of the system. The "multirate feedback linearization" approach is based on an approximation to the nonlinear discrete-time equivalent system. As a requirement in both approaches is the controllability of the linearization of the discrete-time open-loop system, we show that this can be established directly from the continuous-time linearization of the open-loop system. Simulations are presested for a simple pendulum example.
An exploration of shared services agreements within US local television markets

In an increasingly competitive environment, some local television station owners in the United States have turned to shared services agreements (SSAs) to keep their stations afloat, despite concerns that such business arrangements may violate Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ownership policy. In this policy-based study employing secondary data sources, a national sample of local television stations (N = 270) was content analysed to determine the proportion of SSAs existing within the United States. Findings reveal that mid-sized markets are the most common locations for such arrangements. Implications for news audiences and the industry are addressed.
A third-generation multicast protocol for HF wireless networks

Multicasting is an efficient mechanism for disseminating messages through wireless networks, and is commonly used in military C4ISR systems. In this paper we introduce a multicasting protocol for third-generation (3G) HF radio networks that was designed to support such applications as P/spl I.bar/MUL (ACP-142) and NATO STANAG 4406. This multicast data link (MDL) employs the robust burst waveforms already in use for 3G ARQ, and operates in either acknowledged or unacknowledged mode. The paper concludes with preliminary performance estimates for the new protocol.
Rocking, Tapping and Stepping: A Prelude to Dance

Dancing to a rhythm, as humans do, is a complex process, and formulation of its dynamics and control are very difficult. Rhythmic exchange of the support surfaces and stability of the overall system are not well understood. To produce a dancing movement, simpler movements such as rocking, tapping, and stepping can be combined. The rhythm of dancing is usually driven by a music beat. A method that extracts beats from a wide variety of music in real time is presented. Work is being done to couple the extracted rhythm of the music to a dancing biped. The seven degree of freedom sagittal biped with sixteen actuators is controlled to move in a rocking, tapping, and stepping fashion. A pattern generator is described which takes a musical beat and generates oscillations. The oscillations are used to select a finite sequence of predefined desired states, and to drive the system from the current desired state to the next. These next desired states allow derivation of neural excitation inputs to the sixteen muscle-like actuators. Simulations show the feasibility of the control strategy moving the biped from desired state to desired state as it traverses the trajectories of these three simpler movements of rocking, tapping, and stepping. In a final simulation, the three movements of rocking, stepping, and tapping are combined in a three-step up and down dancing movement.
Tumor angiogenesis, from foe to friend

Targeting the tumor vasculature to “starve a tumor to death” instead of targeting tumor cells with chemotherapeutic drugs was conceived over four decades ago and has led to the development of antiangiogenic drugs approved for use against various human malignancies ( 1 ). So far, however, antiangiogenic therapy has not fulfilled expectations because it aids only a subset of cancer patients and provides only transitory improvements. Vascular-disrupting agents were developed to more rigorously deplete tumor vessels ( 2 ). However, this approach leads to hypoxia, which promotes neovascularization and tumor regrowth. The sobering realization is that the more we try to exterminate tumor vessels, the more aggressively tumors respond to impede these efforts, sometimes becoming more belligerent tumors. Is manipulating the vasculature to control tumor growth a promising strategy after all?
Chapter 10 Hydrogen-bond-mediated organic synthesis in the solid state

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates that small organic molecules, in the form of linear templates, can be used to direct the [2 + 2] photodimerization in the solid state. The ability to achieve independent control of solidstate reactivity by exploiting the process of self-assembly is used to construct molecular targets, such as a [2.2]paracyclophane and [n]- ladderanes, in quantitative yield and gram amounts. The organic solid state represents an intriguing medium within which to control the formation of covalent bonds. The solid state is sufficiently flexible to allow atoms to move and react, yet sufficiently rigid to enable reactions to proceed with remarkable stereocontrol. The homogeneous nature of the solid state means that covalent-bond-forming reactions that occur can proceed in up to quantitative yield. The benefit of controlling the formation of covalent bonds in such a solvent-free environment is apparent. The solid state also enables molecules to adopt geometries impossible to achieve in the liquid phase. This means that opportunities exist to form molecules in the solid state that may be inaccessible in solution.
Perineal descent does not imply a more severe clinical disorder.

Aim There is poor consensus in the literature about measuring perineal descent. We aimed to assess symptoms and quality of life in constipated patients with abnormal perineal descent. Method Constipated patients were categorized into those with obstructed defaecation, colonic inertia, mixed disorders and irritable bowel syndrome constipation types. Anal physiology was performed. KESS score, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life and SF-12 questionnaires were completed. The position of the perineum was measured by defaecography. Patients were divided into two groups according to the position of the perineal descent at rest: group 1 (normal 3.5 cm). Results Fifty-eight patients were identified, 23 (40%) in group 1 and 35 (60%) in group 2. Patients in group 2 were older (P = 0.007), had a higher body mass index (BMI; P = 0.003), a higher rate of hysterectomy (P = 0.04) and more vaginal deliveries (P = 0.001). Obstructed defaecation was the predominant subtype of constipation. Group 1 had more difficulty in initiating defaecation and group 2 presented more cases with intussusception and enterocele (P = 0.03 for both). Group 2 had a lesser degree of perineal descent between rest and straining. Rectal compliance was greater in group 2 (P = 0.03). Symptoms and quality of life scores were similar between the groups. Conclusion Radiologically determined excessive perineal descent is not indicative of worse symptoms or quality of life. This radiological finding does not warrant further investigation.
Lead Stuck (Frozen) in Header: Salvage by Bone Cutter Versus Other Techniques

It is occasionally difficult to disconnect leads from headers at the time of pulse generator replacement without injuring the fragile leads. Over a 2.5-year period we encountered this problem in six cases (1.7% of pulse generator replacements). The posterior portion of the header was clipped off using an orthopedic bone cutter in four cases. The cut was aligned with the deep end of the lead socket in the header. A metal rod was then used to push the lead out of the socket. Bench testing of alternative methods was done on previously explanted pulse generators that were firmly held in a vice. Motorized microtools were used to drill holes from the end of the header to the deep end of the socket; or with a rotary saw attachment to slice off the back of the header, allowing a retained lead to be pushed out. The latter was also done with a hand held razor saw, and attempts were made with a scalpel. Lead removal in the clinical cases was accomplished quickly in the four cases using the bone-cutter, without trauma to the lead. Bench testing results varied. The bone cutter was the most efficient method for most brands, but was ineffective on one. The motorized tool was difficult to position, produced sprays of plastic particles, and would have been risky in a clinical setting. The razor saw was difficult to use safely, or efficiently, except in some headers that resisted the bone cutter. The scalpel failed except in one "soft header" pacemaker. An orthopedic bone cutter is a useful tool for removing a retained lead from a pulse generator header. Different header designs and materials necessitate knowledge of several lead detachment methods.
Imaging Correlates of Memory and Concussion History in Retired National Football League Athletes.

Importance To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between concussion, cognition, and anatomical structural brain changes across the age spectrum in former National Football League athletes. Objective To assess the relationship of hippocampal volume, memory performance, and the influence of concussion history in retired National Football League athletes with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed differences between groups, mean hippocampal volumes, and memory performance by computing age quintiles based on group-specific linear regression models corrected for multiple comparisons for both athletes and control participants. The study was conducted starting in November 2010 and is ongoing at a research center in the northern region of Texas. This current analysis was conducted from October 9, 2013, to August 21, 2014. Participants included 28 retired National Football League athletes, 8 of whom had MCI and a history of concussion, 21 cognitively healthy control participants, and 6 control participants with MCI without concussion. Main Outcomes and Measures Hippocampal volume, age, California Verbal Learning Test scores, and the number of grade 3 (G3) concussions. In addition, the number of games played was examined as an objective variable pertaining to football history. Results The mean (SD) age was 58.1 (13) years for the 28 former athletes and 59.0 (12) years for the 27 control participants. Retired athletes with concussion history but without cognitive impairment had normal but significantly lower California Verbal Learning Test scores compared with control participants (mean [SD], 52.5 [8] vs 60.24 [7]; P = .002); those with a concussion history and MCI performed worse (mean [SD], 37 [8.62]) compared with both control participants ( P P P = .04; right, P = .03), 60th percentile (left, P = .009; right, P = .01), and 80th percentile (left, P = .001; right, P = .002) and a smaller right hippocampal volume compared with athletes without a G3 concussion at the 40th percentile ( P = .03), 60th percentile ( P = .02), and 80th percentile ( P = .02). Athletes with a history of G3 concussion were more likely to have MCI (7 of 7) compared with retired athletes without a history of G3 concussion (1 of 5) older than 63 years ( P = .01). In addition, the left hippocampal volume in retired athletes with MCI and concussion was significantly smaller compared with control participants with MCI ( P = .03). Conclusion and Relevance Prior concussion that results in loss of consciousness is a risk factor for increased hippocampal atrophy and the development of MCI. In individuals with MCI, hippocampal volume loss appears greater among those with a history of concussion.
An assessment of radiation modeling strategies in simulations of laminar to transitional, oxy-methane, diffusion flames

Twenty four, laboratory scale, laminar to transitional, diffusion oxy-methane flames were simulated employing different radiation modeling options and their predictions compared against experimental measurements of: temperature, flame length and radiant fraction. The models employed were: gray and non-gray formulations of a recently proposed weighted-sum-of-gray gas model, non-adiabatic extension of the equilibrium based mixture fraction model and investigations into the effects of: the thermal boundary conditions, soot and turbulence radiation interactions (TRI). Predictions of gas, wall temperatures and flame lengths were in good agreement with experimental measurements. Flame lengths determined through the axial profiles of OH confirmed with the experimental trends by increasing with increase in fuel-inlet Reynolds numbers and decreasing with the increase in O2 composition in oxidizer. The temperature and flame length predictions were not sensitive to the radiative property model employed. There were significant variations between the gray and non-gray model radiant fraction predictions with the variations in general increasing with decrease in Reynolds numbers possibly attributed to shorter flames and steeper temperature gradients. The inclusion of soot model and TRI model did not affect our predictions as a result of low soot volume fractions and the radiation emission enhancement to the temperature fluctuations being localized to the flame sheet.
Fault-crossing P delays, epicentral biasing, and fault behavior in Central California

Abstract The P delays across the San Andreas fault zone in central California have been determined from travel-time differences at station pairs spanning the fault, using off-fault local earthquake or quarry blast sources. Systematic delays as large as 0.4 sec have been observed for paths crossing the fault at depths of 5–10 km. These delays can account for the apparent deviation of epicenters from the mapped fault trace. The largest delays occur along the San Andreas fault between San Juan Bautista and Bear Valley and Between Bitterwater Valley and Parkfield. Spatial variations in fault behavior correlate with the magnitude of the fault-crossing P delay. The delay decreases to the northwest of San Juan Bautista across the “locked” section of the San Andreas fault and also decreases to the southeast approaching Parkfield. Where the delay is large, seismicity is relatively high and the fault is creeping.
Hepatic glucocorticoid receptor behaves differently when its hormone binding site is occupied by agonist (triamcinolone acetonide) or antagonist (RU486) steroid ligands

We have examined the influence of sulfhydryl (SH)-group modifying agents on the interaction of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with its known agonist triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and the newly synthesized antagonist mifepristone (RU486). In the freshly prepared cytosol, [3H]TA or [3H]RU486 bound to macromolecule(s) which sediment as 8-9 moieties: the binding of either ligand can be competed with radioinert TA or RU486. The presence of 2-10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-MER), and monothioglycerol (MTG) caused a 2-3 fold increase in the [3H]TA and [3H]RU486 binding to GR. Iodoacetamide (IA) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) decreased the agonist binding significantly. In contrast, the [3H]RU486 binding to GR increased by 50 percent in the presence of IA. IA and NEM inhibited the binding of the heat-transformed [3H]TA-receptor complex to DNA-cellulose by 70-90 percent whereas DNA binding of [3H]RU486-bound GR was inhibited only slightly. These results indicate that either a) the interaction of GR with the agonist or antagonist steroid ligands causes differential structural alterations, which are more readily detectable in the presence of SH-modifying agents or b) the agonist and the antagonist interact with distinct steroid binding sites.
Prey Preferences of Eurasian Ruffe and Yellow Perch: Comparison of Laboratory Results with Composition of Great Lakes Benthos

The consumption of benthic macroinvertebrates by ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens), two potential competitors in the Great Lakes, was investigated. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the food preferences of ruffe and yellow perch and to compare their feeding rates on two types of substrate (sand and cobble). For comparison with natural communities, we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates from western Lake Michigan and compiled published data on invertebrate community structure from all of the Great Lakes. Ruffe and yellow perch both preferentially consumed soft-bodied taxa (e.g., chironomid midge larvae, mayflies, and non-cased caddisflies) and avoided hard-bodied taxa (e.g., cased caddisflies, snails, and clams) in laboratory studies. Prey preferences offish in mixed-fish species treatments were more diverse than those in single-fish species treatments. Ruffe and yellow perch of similar sizes consumed approximately 5% of their body mass per 24 hours at 20°C on sand, whereas their feeding rates were reduced by over 50% on cobble, where prey were likely able to escape predation by hiding. Results from our laboratory experiments, field survey, and review of published studies indicate that oligochaetes and chironomids, the two most numerous macroin-vertebrate taxa in each of the Great Lakes, are vulnerable to ruffe predation. Less abundant taxa range from vulnerable (amphipods, flatworms, and caddisflies) to invulnerable (sphaeriid clams, gastropods, and zebra mussels). Our study suggests that (1) the composition of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in each of the Great Lakes is suitable for ruffe, and (2) ruffe and yellow perch will likely prefer similar food resources where they co-occur.
Pressure and temperature effects on tensile strength andplasticity of metallic glasses

Abstract The effects of superimposed hydrostatic pressure and test temperature on the strength and plasticity of two different bulk metallic glasses have been determined. The effects of superimposed hydrostatic pressure on the global tensile strength and plasticity at test temperatures well below the Tg of the metallic glass are negligible, consistent with the minor effects of superimposed pressure on the elastic constants at these temperatures. However, increasing the test temperature produces tensile strength reductions and an increase in the global plasticity at 0.1 MPa. Superposition of hydrostatic pressure produces significant increases in strength and reduced ductility at temperatures approaching Tg for both a Zr-based and La-based bulk metallic glass. Potential source(s) of the pressure-induced changes in strength and global plasticity of the bulk metallic glasses are provided, and relate to pressure-induced increases in viscosity near Tg.
Continued effects of prenatal cocaine use: preschool development.

Abstract The relationship between prenatal cocaine use and preschooler's physical and cognitive development and behavioral characteristics was examined, controlling for other influences on child development. On average, children were 38.5 months old, women were 29.4 years old, had 12.3 years of education, and 47% were African American. During the first trimester, 18% of the women were frequent cocaine users (≥ 1 line/day). First trimester cocaine exposure predicted decreased head circumference at 3 years and lower scores on the short-term memory subscale of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) [74]. There was no significant relationship between prenatal cocaine use and the other SBIS scales. First trimester cocaine use also predicted more total, internalizing, and externalizing behavior problems on the Child Behavior Checklist [3] and higher scores on the fussy/difficult scale of the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire [6]. Children who were exposed to cocaine throughout pregnancy had more behavior problems and were more fussy compared to children of women who never used cocaine prenatally. A repeated measures analysis showed that children of first trimester cocaine users became more fussy over time. These detrimental effects on growth and behavior are consistent with other reports in the literature and with the hypothesis that prenatal cocaine exposure affects development through changes in neurotransmitter systems.
Should tourism scientists accept climate change at face value

Purpose – This study aims to examine the philosophical issues dealing with climate change and tourism science. The paper neither endorses nor contradicts the theories of climate change, but rather questions to what extent tourism science and tourism professionals should accept any particular scientific theory as absolute fact. The paper's purpose is to instigate creative debate within the academic and industry world of tourism and to question some of the less precise notions of science when mixed with a particular point of view.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a viewpoint article.Findings – The study finds that there is often a confusion of terms that may occur due to the mixing of a political viewpoint with objective social science.Originality/value – This study challenges some of the paradigm assumptions often given as fact within the academic community and seeks a reexamination of the paradigmatic principles and notions often held within the academic community.
Electrification of antistatic-treated polymeric surface

Nylon and polypropylene surfaces were treated with three different finishes (nonionic, cationic, and anionic) at four different solution concentrations (weight percentage of active finish to solution), 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%. Contact electrification tests showed that charge accumulated on polypropylene decreased as the concentration of nonionic and anionic solutions increased, and charge could be controlled when the concentration reached 0.1%. The same effect was realized when the concentration of the cationic solution was only 0.025%. No contact charging was observed on nylon after treating with any solutions. Rubbing electrification (tribo‐charging) of nylon treated with the nonionic solution showed that charge decreased as the solution concentration increased, and no charge was observed as the solution concentration reached 0.1%. Furthermore, no tribo‐charging of nylon was observed at any level of the cationic or anionic agents applied to the surface.
Challenges and opportunities in moving toward a public health approach in school mental health

Abstract These three outstanding papers are important for the discipline of school psychology, the field of school-based mental health, and more generally for systems of education and mental health for children and adolescents. As the authors emphasize, there is an unprecedented focus on improving programs that remove barriers to learning and enhance development, health, and mental health in youth, in the most universal natural setting—the schools. The authors also correctly highlight that school psychology is uniquely positioned to play a leading role in this reform and change effort. Two interconnected themes of the public health approach—applying the evidence base and moving toward preventive and population-focused interventions—are emphasized in these papers, and while they focus on school psychology, the issues discussed are generalizable to the many disciplines that operate within educational and mental health systems. In the following discussion, I react to the papers' two major themes, discuss realities that should be addressed for progress to be made, and comment on their implications for school psychology.
Children's Stories of Hope: Moving toward an Expanded Understanding of the World Children Live in.

This qualitative study that allowed children to be the dominant voice examined children's stories of hope. Twenty‐nine kindergarten children through to third graders were interviewed using familiar school items: story board, pictures, puppets, and so on. One elementary school, located in a large southwestern metropolitan city, was selected for this study. Data was coded and prominent themes emerged illustrating that children are much more moral than many adults give them credit for. Approximately one‐half of the stories shared focused not on the children's wants or “hopes”, but on others – classmates, friends, family, or extended relatives. The findings support research that highlights the issues of care, concern, and compassion that are a priority for young children.
Correlation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 with insulin-responsive deoxyglucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Abstract We have devised procedures for decreasing the amount of IRS-1 in 3T3-L1adipocytes (viz., chronic treatments with insulin, dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, cycloheximide or actinomycin D) and have determined the correlation between the amounts of IRS-1, insulin receptor, G1uT4 and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase regulatory subunit with insulin-responsive dGlc transport. Each of these treatments decreased insulin responsiveness that correlated with the amount of IRS-1, but not with the amount of the other signaling proteins or tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1. Removal of insulin alter chronic treatment resulted in a return of both insulin responsiveness and IRS-1. Increased expression of IRS-1 occurred during differentiation simultaneously with increased insulin-responsive dGlc transport. These data are consistent with a role of IRS-1 in insulin signaling to the glucose transport system.
Functional evaluation of the remaining kidney in patients after unilateral nephrectomy.

Background: Unilateral nephrectomy is quite often surgical procedure. The remaining kidney undergoes a sequel of adaptational processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate kidney function in patients subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 28 subjects allocated into three groups: healthy controls ( n &#114 = &#114 8) and patients subjected to unilateral nephrectomy evaluated 1 month ( n &#114 = &#114 10) and 1 year ( n &#114 = &#114 10) from the surgery. Biochemical as well ultrasonographic and scintigraphic data were recorded. Results: From all evaluated standard biochemical parameters (creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea, microalbuminuria) significant changes were observed in the case of creatinine and microalbuminuria levels at 1 month, which increased from 0.96 &#114 mg/ml to 1.05 &#114 mg/dl and from 5.14 &#114 mg/24 &#114 h to 20.0 &#114 mg/24 &#114 h, respectively. 99 Tc m -DTPA plasma clearance was significantly elevated in patients 1 month aft...
El Niño/La Niña shelf edge flow and Australian western rock lobsters

[1] Due to the leak in the gappy western equatorial Pacific, sea level (SL) is highly correlated with El Nino all along the western Australian coast. According to standard theory, this coastal interannual (IA) signal should propagate westward as Rossby waves with large zonal scale. High-resolution satellite SL estimates show that along the shelf edge south of 23°S the IA SL signal does not have the expected large spatial scale as it decreases rapidly seaward from the shelf edge. The drop in IA SL amplitude coincides with the mean position of the Leeuwin Current (LC). Theory shows how a nearly meridional mean flow, as in the case of the LC, can induce this fall in IA signal amplitude. The associated IA shelf-edge flow tends to strengthen the LC during La Nina, weaken it during El Nino and may profoundly affect the recruitment of the western rock lobster.
Prevention and ecology: Teen-age pregnancy, child sexual abuse, and organized youth sports

A multilevel ecological analysis of issues that impact on children and families is advocated as the best theoretical framework for conceptualizing preventive interventions. Teen-age pregnancy and child sexual abuse are discussed as targets of preventive intervention: the former being an issue about which we have much information that has not been adequately used, whereas the latter is one about which we have too little information to be mounting the sweeping prevention programs that are rapidly coming into existence. Organized youth sports is then discussed as a neglected societal vehicle for prevention. Language: en