cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to hopper-attached belt-wagon system and component strength analysis method

Abstract The hopper-attached belt-wagon (HAB) system is a conceptual design system to be used for oil sands transportation on a surface mine site. The system construction and involved equipment are introduced first. A three-dimensional (3-D) HAB solid model has been visualized in an oil sands mining environment. Based on the finite element analysis (FEA) method, the mechanical event simulation (MES) technology is applied for the evaluation of the HAB component structural strength. As in one case study, the belt-deck stress and deformation have been simulated with applying dynamic impact load. The belt-deck strength has been investigated and design modification is executed. As in another case study, the interaction of the HAB crawler track with the oil sands terrain has been simulated. The terrain-bearing capacity has been examined. The proposed analysis methods are validated and can be applied for the engineering structural analysis of other mining equipment.
The importance of cognition and affect for artificially intelligent decision makers

Agency - the capacity to plan and act - and experience - the capacity to sense and feel - are two critical aspects that determine whether people will perceive non-human entities, such as autonomous agents, to have a mind. There is evidence that the absence of either can reduce cooperation. We present an experiment that tests the necessity of both for cooperation with agents. In this experiment we manipulated people's perceptions about the cognitive and affective abilities of agents, when engaging in the ultimatum game. The results indicated that people offered more money to agents that were perceived to make decisions according to their intentions (high agency), rather than randomly (low agency). Additionally, the results showed that people offered more money to agents that expressed emotion (high experience), when compared to agents that did not (low experience). We discuss the implications of this agency-experience theoretical framework for the design of artificially intelligent decision makers.
The boys in the club.

A historical perspective of men in dietetics. The pioneer spirit of Lenna Cooper is exemplified in the gradual emergence of the male dietitian. It was not an easy task for the early female dietitian to accept the concept of male membership. From the acceptance of the first known qualified male dietitian in 1921 and of the first male intern in 1934 to the final acceptance of male dietitians in the U.S. Army in the early 1950s, there is recorded female resistance. As the status of the profession grew, so did men's interest in it.
Exchange-traded funds: neither fish nor fowl

This article first explains the design of ETFs, traces their growth, and reviews trading and investment strategies. The article next examines the regulatory framework within which ETFs must be made to fit, the record of exemptive relief granted by the SEC, and the agency’s protracted efforts to adopt rules for ETFs.
Hepatitis and Thoracic Transplantation - No More Virus Non-Grata

Purpose There remains an urgent need to expand the donor pool for thoracic organ transplant recipients. Utilizing donors who are actively viremic with hepatitis C (HCV) is rapidly becoming standard practice, although no consensus exists regarding when to treat post-transplant, with which drug, and for how long. Cost remains an issue with direct acting antivirals (DAA). Hepatitis B (HBV) viremic donors are predicted to become more common. We designed and implemented a protocol to utilize HCV and HBV NAT+ donors. Methods We designed an open-label, ongoing safety and efficacy protocol to allow all transplant programs at our center, adult and pediatric, to enroll patients for whom there is an emergent need to expand the donor pool. Patients are consented and stratified into 2 groups: those who received NAT+ donors vs NAT- donor comparators. Patients are followed for a minimum of 12m post-transplant, with hepatitis viral loads measured at d5, 10 and 21 (and at clinical discretion thereafter). The primary end points are 3, 12month graft and patient survival. Secondary end points include viral cure rates, therapy associated adverse events, attributable hepatitis mortality, functional status, rejection rates and time to transplantation. HCV therapy of choice is started after discharge, or if needed urgently, begun inpatient and paid for by the hospital. HBV therapy is initiated at the time of transplantation. The protocol is monitored by a Data Safety Monitoring Board. Results 11 pts have enrolled to date and progressed to NAT+ transplant, including 8 adult heart transplants, 1 bilateral lung, 1 heart-lung and 1 lung-liver transplant. All have received HCV-viremic donors, within 1 month of consent. Median age is 56yrs (range 25-72). 3 recipients were HCV-viremic pre-transplant, 8 were HCV-naive. All 8 D+/R- pts became infected with HCV, 7 were actively viremic by day 5, one became viremic at d21. 9/9 patients are alive at 3months, with HCV therapy having been initiated in 6, and SVR12 achieved in 5 to date. So far we report 100% grafts survival, and no adverse events attributable to hepatitis. 1 patient required HCV therapy initiation in the hospital. Conclusion We present real world experience about the implementation of a protocol allowing HCV and HBV NAT+ donors to be used for thoracic and multivisceral transplants. Using a multidisciplinary approach, our protocol offers a means to expand the thoracic organ donor pool safely.
The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon: The Complete Translation: edited by Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Abraham P. Socher, translated by Paul Reitter with an afterword by Gideon Freudenthal, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2018, $35 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-691-16385-7

Solomon Maimon's autobiography (Salomon Maimons Lebensgeschichte), first published in two volumes (1792–1793), has become a classic. It is the Jewish equivalent of two great works of European liter...
Propensity Score Matching: The ‘Devil is in the Details’ Where More May Be Hidden than You Know

Propensity score matching has been used with increasing frequency in the analyses of non-prespecified subgroups of randomized clinical trials, and in retrospective analyses of clinical trial data sets, registries, observational studies, electronic medical record analyses, and more. The method attempts to adjust post hoc for recognized unbalanced factors at baseline such that the data once analyzed will hopefully approximate or indicate what a prospective randomized data set-the "gold standard" for comparing two or more therapies-would have shown. However, for practical limitations, propensity score matching cannot assess and balance all the factors that come into play in the clinical management of patients and that may be present in the circumstances of the study. Thus, propensity score matching analyses may omit, due to nonrecognition, the effects of several clinically important but not considered factors that can affect the outcomes of the analyses being reported, causing them to possibly be misleading, or hypothesis-generating at best. This review discusses this issue, using several specific examples, and is targeted at clinicians to make them aware of the limitations of such analyses when they apply their results to patients in their care.
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery for Infantile Craniosynostosis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objective To evaluate patient outcomes of minimally invasive endoscopic strip craniectomy (ESC) for craniosynostosis. Study design This is a retrospective cohort analysis (2004-2018) of 500 consecutive infants with craniosynostosis treated by ESC with orthotic therapy at a single center. Operative outcomes included transfusions, complications, and reoperations as well as head circumference change based on World Health Organization percentiles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with blood transfusion. Paired t tests were used for within-patient comparisons and Fisher exact test to compare syndromic and nonsyndromic subgroups. Results ESC was associated with low rates of blood transfusion (6.6%), complications (1.4%), and reoperations (3.0%). Risk factors for transfusion included syndromic craniosynostosis (P = .01) and multiple fused sutures (P = .02). Median surgical time was 47 minutes, and hospital length of stay 1 day. Transfusion and reoperation rates were higher among syndromic patients (both P Conclusions ESC is a safe, effective, and durable correction of infantile craniosynostosis. ESC can achieve head growth normalization with low risks of blood transfusion, complications, or reoperation. Early identification of craniosynostosis in the newborn period and prompt referral by pediatricians allows families the option of ESC vs larger and riskier open reconstruction procedures.
RDX solubility in TNT at high temperatures

The solubility of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-tri-nitro-1,3,5-triazine) in TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) at elevated temperatures is required to accurately predict the response of Comp-B3 (60:40 RDX:TNT) during accidents involving fire. As the temperature increases, the TNT component melts, the RDX partially dissolves in the liquid TNT, and the remaining RDX melts (203 $$^\circ$$ C) as the Comp-B thermally ignites. In the current work, we used a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to estimate the solubility of RDX in TNT at the melting point of RDX. Most DSC measurements of Comp-B3 do not show an RDX melt endotherm. The absence of an endotherm associated with the RDX melt has been interpreted as RDX being completely dissolved in TNT before reaching the melting point. We have observed that the endotherm is not absent, but is masked by exothermic reactions occurring at these elevated temperatures. We have inhibited the exothermic reactions by venting our DSC samples and measuring the RDX melt endotherm in our Comp-B3 samples at about 203 $$^\circ$$ C. Using the measured heat flow associated with the RDX melt and the latent melting enthalpy of RDX, we have approximated the solubility of RDX in TNT to be roughly 50–100 $$\hbox {g}_{\mathrm{RDX}}$$ per 100 $$\hbox {g}_{\mathrm{TNT}}$$ . The broad range is based on corrections for exothermic reactions occurring as the RDX melts.
Pump-Based Hepatic Arterial Infusional Therapy

Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy has been used over the last 30 years in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Its rationale has been well established and is based on the preferential blood supply of these tumors from the hepatic artery and the first-pass extraction by the liver of some chemotherapy drugs. However, the generation of high-quality evidence for HAI treatment and the technical expertise required for administration have limited its widespread adoption. In this review, we will describe the relevant aspects of HAI treatment and summarize the evidence supporting its use in the treatment of colorectal cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We will also review the complications associated with HAI and the precautions to minimize their incidence. Based on the current evidence, HAI has emerged as an effective and safe treatment alternative leading to renewed enthusiasm toward this therapeutic strategy. Future research will refine the selection of patients and the optimal combination with systemic treatments.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and virtual screening of some acridone derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

Abstract Eleven novel acridone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against 60 human cancer cell lines. Five compounds 8b, 8d, 8g, 8h, and 8k displayed very good in vitro antiproliferative activities well over 95% of the panels. The most active compound is 8k (5, 7-dibromo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroacridin-1 (2H)-one). In addition, 8k was the most sensitive agent in all 9 panels starting with prostate (0.075 µm), leukemia (0.116 µm), non-small cell lung cancer (0.164 µm), colon cancer (0.193 µm), CNS cancer (0.264 µm), melanoma (0.317 µm), renal cancer (0.403 µm), ovarian cancer (0.410 µm), and breast cancer (0.608 µm). Virtual screening studies also revealed that nine of the eleven compounds formed good binding interaction with the active site ATPase domain of human topoisomerase IIα (PDB: 1zxm). All nine derivatives exhibited binding affinities that ranged in values from −8.5 to −7.9 kcal/mol, indicating that they could be catalytic inhibitors of the nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase.
JetLag: An Interactive, Asynchronous Array Computing Environment

We describe an interactive computing environment called JetLag. JetLag implements the following features of Phylanx project: (1) Phylanx, a Python-based asynchronous array computing toolkit; (2) the APEX performance measurement library; (3) a performance visualization framework called Traveler; (4) the Tapis/Agave Science as a Service middleware; and (6) a container infrastructure that includes Docker-based Jupyter notebook for the client and a singularity image for the server. The running system starts with a user performing array computations on their workstation or laptop. If, at some point, the calculation the user is performing becomes sufficiently intensive or numerous, it can be packaged and sent to another machine where it will run (through the batch queue system if there is one), produce a result, and have that result sent back to the user’s local interface. Whether the calculation is local or remote, the user will be able to use APEX and Traveler to diagnose and fix performance related problems. The JetLag system is suitable for a variety of array computational tasks, including machine learning and exploratory data analysis.
Organization and Manpower Problems in the Public Sector

The problems of efficiency in the economic enterprise organized by the State in the centrally planned economies have aroused new and widespread interest.1 The public sector in India operates in a mixed economy and a democratic society. The pressures for change in this very large sector are evident and becoming conspicuous. Nowhere are tne problems more acute than in the manner of organizing human resources for efficient operations.
Coherent Optical Clock down-Conversion Realizing Microwaves with 10 18 Absolute Stability

We generate 10-GHz microwaves, derived from independent Yb optical clocks, with 2.4×1018 absolute fractional frequency stability, no significant offset at the 1019 level, and femtosecond-precision transfer of the optical clock phase to the microwave domain.
Editing the Mitochondrial Genome.

Mending Mitochondrial Mutation For most patients with mitochondrial disorders, most of which are caused by mutations in genes in the mitochondrial genome, only symptomatic treatment is available. A...
Effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide netting on Tribolium castaneum is modulated by multiple exposures, biotic, and abiotic factors.

BACKGROUND Prevention is the first line of defense in mitigating losses of post-harvest crops. Long-lasting insecticide treated (LLIN) could be used in food facilities to expose insects to insecticide at different areas within a facility. Prior research has shown that single short exposures reduce movement and longer exposures increase mortality for stored-product insect pests, but we do not know how multiple short duration exposures and biotic and abiotic conditions affect insects exposed to LLIN. Here, we repeatedly exposed red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum, to LLIN to assess the cumulative effects. We also examined the effects of beetle age and time of day during exposure, and temperature, humidity and food availability during recovery after a single exposure to LLIN. RESULTS We found that four repeated 10-min exposures had similar knockdown effects as a single 30-min exposure. We also found that beetles were more affected when aged 1-6 days versus 14-20 days or were exposed at mid- or late in the day versus earlier in the day. Higher recovery levels were observed with food and at higher relative humidity. In addition, older beetles were more active than younger beetles during exposure, which could reduce time in contact with netting and partially explain why older beetles tended to be less affected. CONCLUSION Some individuals can recover after exposure to LLIN, dependent on exposure duration and environmental factors, but our study shows that sublethal effects likely persist and future work should consider the physiology of T. castaneum before, during, and after exposure to LLIN. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Secure and Resilient Design of Could-Enabled CPS

Cloud computing enables resource-constrained CPSs to outsource heavy computations to a cloud server with massive computational resources. However, Cloud-Enabled CPSs introduce new challenges arising from the trustworthiness of the cloud and the cyber-physical connections between the control system and the cloud. To address these concerns, this chapter presents a secure and resilient mechanism, which employs customized cryptographic tools to encrypt the data of a control problem and develops verification methods to guarantee the integrity of the computational results from the cloud. In addition, our design enables a Switching Mode Mechanism (SMM) to provide resiliency to the CPSs when the system successively fails to receive correct control inputs from the cloud. We demonstrate that the mechanism can achieve data confidentiality and integrity, guarantee the stability, and enhance the resiliency. Finally, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) example is used to corroborate these properties.
Role of substrate strain to tune energy bands–Seebeck relationship in semiconductor heterostructures

In doped semiconductors and metals, the Seebeck coefficient or thermopower decreases monotonically with increasing carrier concentration in agreement with the Pisarenko relation. Here, we establish a fundamental mechanism to modulate and increase the thermopower of silicon (Si)/germanium (Ge) heterostructures beyond this relation, induced by the substrate strain. We illustrate the complex relationship between the lattice strain and the modulated thermopower by investigating the electronic structure and cross-plane transport properties of substrate strained [001] Si/Ge superlattices (SLs) with two independent theoretical modeling approaches: first-principles density functional theory and the analytical Kronig–Penny model in combination with the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation. Our analysis shows that the SL bands, formed due to the cubic structural symmetry, combined with the potential perturbation and the intervalley mixing effects, are highly tunable with epitaxial substrate strain. The strain tuned energy band shifts lead to modulated thermopowers, with a peak approximately fivefold Seebeck enhancement in strained [001] Si/Ge SLs in the high-doping regime. As a consequence, the power factor of a 2.8% substrate strained SL shows a ≈ 1.8-fold improvement over bulk Si at high carrier concentrations, ≈ 12 × 10 20 cm − 3. It is expected that the fundamental understanding discussed here, regarding the complex effect of lattice strain to control energy bands of heterostructures, will help to exploit strain engineering strategies on a class of future technology-enabling materials, such as novel Si/Ge heterostructures as well as layered materials, including van der Waals heterostructures.
11.5 A 23.9-to-29.4GHz Digital LC-PLL with a Coupled Frequency Doubler for Wireline Applications in 10nm FinFET

Interest in ultra-high-speed wireline communications targeting 100Gb/s+ is rapidly increasing to accommodate the massive data traffic of data centric systems such as Internet-of-things, autonomous driving, cloud computing, etc. In recent publications, a 14GHz LC-PLL was successfully demonstrated for 112Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter clocking [1–3]. To extend the data rate to 224Gb/s, a 28GHz LC-PLL can be adopted instead of increased interleaving or use of higher-order modulation (PAM-8/16). However, doubling the PLL clock frequency without jitter or power penalties is challenging because doubling the data rate requires a 50% jitter reduction while CML-to-CMOS buffer and prescaler divider have increasing power overhead as they are pushed closer to millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency ranges. This paper presents a 23.9-to-29.4GHz digital LC-PLL architecture that achieves a 65fs random jitter measured at a transmitter output with 17.1mW power consumption. The proposed design uses: 1) a current re-use coupled frequency doubler oscillator to improve phase noise by 4.5dB compared to a conventional LC-DCO with only a 25% power increase; 2) an automatic frequency-tracking loop (FTL) to optimize the phase noise of the frequency doubler across PVT; and 3) power saving by avoiding the prescaler divider operating in mm-wave frequencies.
Histone Deacetylase 5 Is an Early Epigenetic Regulator of Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sympathetic Nerve Activation and Blood Pressure

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Long term IH (LT-IH) triggers epigenetic reprogramming of the redox state involving DNA hypermethylation in the carotid body chemo reflex pathway resulting in persistent sympathetic activation and hypertension. Present study examined whether IH also activates epigenetic mechanism(s) other than DNA methylation. Histone modification by lysine acetylation is another major epigenetic mechanism associated with gene regulation. Equilibrium between the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) determine the level of lysine acetylation. Here we report that exposure of rat pheochromocytoma (PC)-12 cells to IH in vitro exhibited reduced HDAC enzyme activity due to proteasomal degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC5 proteins. Mechanistic investigations showed that IH-evoked decrease in HDAC activity increases lysine acetylation of α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α as well as Histone (H3) protein resulting in increased HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDACs, mimicked the effects of IH. Studies on rats treated with 10 days of IH or TSA showed reduced HDAC activity, HDAC5 protein, and increased HIF-1 dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX)-4 transcription in adrenal medullae (AM) resulting in elevated plasma catecholamines and blood pressure. Likewise, heme oxygenase (HO)-2 null mice, which exhibit IH because of high incidence of spontaneous apneas (apnea index 72 ± 1.2 apnea/h), also showed decreased HDAC activity and HDAC5 protein in the AM along with elevated circulating norepinephrine levels. These findings demonstrate that lysine acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins is an early epigenetic mechanism associated with sympathetic nerve activation and hypertension in rodent models of IH.
Navigating between two the worlds of school and ‘being on the land’: Arctic Indigenous young people, structural violence, cultural continuity and selfhood

This qualitative study examines two contexts shaping circumpolar Indigenous young people's contemporary lives. In Arctic North America, the recent, rapid experiences of colonization are linked to d...
Neutron Radiation Failure-in-time Test of 1200V and 1700V SiC Power Transistors

This research is focused on the accelerated in-situ neutron radiation failure-in-time test (at a sea-level height) that was performed on 1200V and 1700V SiC power n-MOSFETs from 3 different manufacturers. The test was performed at room temperature and 150 °C with an average neutron flux of 1×105 n/cm2-sec above 1.5 MeV neutron energy. The room temperature samples demonstrated higher FIT values compared to 150 °C samples for both 1200V and 1700V devices. The maximum FIT of 8 and 28 was measured for 1200V and 1700V devices respectively at room temperature.
Continued self-destructive behaviors in adolescent suicide attemptors, Part II: A pilot study

This investigation examined the continued self-destructive behaviors of adolescent suicide attemptors treated at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles from 1972 through 1978. A total of 235 questionnaires were mailed to subjects who were hospitalized as a result of an accident, illness, or suicide attempt. The questionnaire was designed to elicit data with respect to the occurrence, frequency of occurrence and medical consequences of various self-destructive behaviors. The results suggest that certain continued self-destructive behaviors may be manifested by adolescents who have attempted suicide. Implications of the findings of this pilot study are discussed with regard to developing a theoretical model of self-destructive behaviors in adolescent suicide attemptors and the clinical prediction of adolescent suicide.
A dynamical system model for traffic assignment in networks

We consider a traffic network subject to known time-varying demands between its origins and destinations. We model the network as a discrete-time dynamical system driven by these demands. The state of the system at each time epoch is defined in a way that avoids complete microscopic detail by grouping vehicles into platoons irrespective of origin node and time of entry to network. Moreover, the formulation contains no path enumeration. The control variables correspond to the assignment or routing of the platoons on downstream links at the nodes of the network. Impedance functions combined with link outflow functions are used to model link travel times in the state transition function. This modeling approach allows for the study of the problem of dynamic traffic assignment in networks in the framework of the optimal control of dynamical systems. This work has applications to route guidance issues that arise in an Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) environment.
Peace Through Law? The Failure of a Nobel Experiment

Collective-security ideas that emerged from the First World War nobly sought to end the carnage depicted in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front. The collective-security movement sought to create a system that protected the status quo by making existing national borders sacrosanct. Any violation of those borders would be treated like a criminal attack under a domestic legal system. But those who devised these rules could not have anticipated the very different threats confronting the international system today. Large, multistate conflicts have receded in the wake of the stability provided by the Cold War superpowers and now by the United States and its allies. International terrorism, failed states, rogue states, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction have emerged as the most serious threats to international security. Preventing these new threats from maturing may call for use of force that does not respect the territorial integrity of all nations to the same extent. All Quiet on the Western Front reflected the reaction to the horrors of the First World War. It depicted war not just as destructive but also as utterly senseless. Such views led to the effort to replace balance-of-power politics with collective security as the new organizing principle in international relations. Collective security, however, has not worked because it sought to radically alter nations' definition of their self-interest in terms of power and security. Pursuit of the idealistic goal of world peace through international law diverted focus from more realistic measures that could have prevented the return of war in Europe. The experience of the interwar and postwar periods should serve as a cautionary tale for those who seek to solve the world's problems with a renewed faith in international law and institutions.
Anisotropy in transport and magnetic properties of K{0.64}Fe{1.44}Se{2}

We report a study of the anisotropy in transport and magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{K}}_{0.64}$Fe${}_{1.44}$Se${}_{2.00}$ single crystals. The anisotropy in resistivity is up by one order of magnitude between 1.8 and 300 K. The magnetic susceptibility exhibits weak temperature dependence in the normal state with no significant anomalies with decreasing temperature. The lower critical fields ${H}_{c1}$ of ${\mathrm{K}}_{0.64}$Fe${}_{1.44}$Se${}_{2.00}$ are only about 3 Oe and the anisotropy of ${H}_{c1,c}$/${H}_{c1,\mathit{ab}}$ is about 1. The critical currents for $H$$\ensuremath{\Vert}$$\mathit{ab}$ and $H$$\ensuremath{\Vert}$$c$ are about 10--10${}^{3}$ A/cm${}^{2}$, which is smaller than in iron pnictides and in FeTe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Se${}_{x}$, and nearly isotropic.
Cellulitis of the Penis and Scrotum Due to Group B Streptococcus

Group B streptococcus was isolated from the blood, penile exudate and needle aspirate of cellulitis in a severely ill neonate with a rapidly progressive infection of the scrotum, penis and lower abdominal wall. This case demonstrates the need to evaluate and to manage newborns with scrotal cellulitis differently than older children and adults. A different group of organisms and a greater likelihood for systemic involvement are to be anticipated in newborns.
Purification and Ligand Binding of EmrR, a Regulator of a Multidrug Transporter

EmrR, the repressor of the emrRAB operon of Escherichia coli, was purified to 95% homogeneity. EmrR was found to bind putative ligands of the EmrAB pump—2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoro-methoxy)phenylhydrazone—with affinities in the micromolar range. Equilibrium dialysis experiments suggested one bound ligand per monomer of the dimeric EmrR.
Addition of Protonated Water to SO3

The potential energy surface of protonated sulfuric acid has been studied using a flowing afterglow tandem mass spectrometer and ab initio calculations. Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociati...
Reducing the Noise Contained in Descriptive Sensory Data

A data reduction protocol was designed to minimize distortion inherent in sensory data. Following removal of nonexistent attributes and treatment levels, extreme value analysis and distribution comparisons combined with graphical respresentations, facilitated elimination of inconsistent (with respect to overall consensus) panelists. Application of a calibration factor showed superresponsive panelists (those with intensity values consistently higher than other panelists) were among the most accurate and thus were retained in spite of their tendency to produce extreme value data. Panelists that consistently produced a narrow variance around the overall mean and rarely produced extreme values were classified as noncomittal and removed. Analysis of variance calls for a split plot design; blocks (sessions) and treatments in main plot, and panelists in subplot. In general, the subplot can be ignored. These methods are suggested for evaluating panelists’ training needs; and for eliminating data that distorts the statistical analysis.
Engineering picogram level detection using high frequency surface acoustic wave chemical and biological sensors based on multilayered Diamond/AlN/LiNbO 3 substrates

Operating SAW devices in the GHz frequency range can enable detection of single molecules by imparting high sensitivities and low detection limits. In the present work, we used 3-D coupled field structural as well as fluid-solid interaction finite element models to study the acoustic wave propagation characteristics of diamond/AlN/LiNbO 3 multi-layered piezoelectric surface acoustic wave devices under the influence of fluid loading for applications in chemical and biological sensing. These devices were studied as a method to increase device frequency and sensitivity, and maintain standard fabrication procedures. The operating frequency of SAW devices is directly proportional to the substrate's acoustic wave velocity; hence the highest acoustic wave velocity material (diamond) is needed for fabrication of MEMS GHz frequency devices. The aluminum nitride piezoelectric layer also has a very high acoustic wave velocity and a fairly large piezoelectric coupling coefficient along its c-axis, in comparison to other piezoelectric materials. Although recent experimental investigations have realized GHz frequency devices based on such multilayered substrates, very little is known about the acoustic wave propagation characteristics in these devices. Identifying the optimum configuration and thickness of the various layers involved still represents a challenge, which is addressed in this work.
Identification and Characterization of Polymeric and Metallic Wear Debris from Periprosthetic Tissues after Total Hip Revision Surgery

In spite of the growing interest in the field of orthopedic wear debris, there is no standardized technique to simultaneously isolate and analyze both ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and metallic debris from periprosthetic tissues. Using a modification of the previously employed base-digestion protocol involving solvent and mechanical treatment, we were able to separate the wear particles from the tissue. Subsequently, using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), we characterized individual particulate species. Metallic debris, particularly Co, Cr, and Mo, appeared as irregular and amorphous-like structures, whereas UHMWPE and Ti appeared as crystalline-like structures, some as small as 15 nm. The investigation revealed that UHMWPE forms the bulk (~82%), followed by Ti (~8%-9%), Co (~5%-6%), and Cr (~3%-4%), along with many other trace elements, such as Mo, Pb, Fe, Pb, Fe, Si (~1%-2%).
Nonlinear Pressure Oscillations in a Combustion Field

M practical importance has been attached to the problem of high frequency combustion instability, in particular, the unstable pressure oscillations which may affect the performance of a rocket motor. A thorough mathematical treatment of the linearized aspects of this problem has been given by Crocco and Cheng (1-3). Basing their theory on the sensitive time lag postulate, these authors have derived certain necessary conditions for the unstable operation of a rocket motor. However, the work of Crocco and Cheng does not elucidate the nonlinear dynamics of instability. There is a question of whether or not an acoustical perturbation will grow to become a pressure oscillation of large amplitude and destructive capabilities. An answer to this question is not within the scope of linearized theory. Existing mathematical methods do not permit a complete theoretical analysis of nonlinear combustion instability. Nevertheless, it is possible to understand the qualitative dynamics of finite amplitude pressure oscillations if the combustion field is represented by a relatively simple model. The present paper reports a number of theoretical conclusions which are derived from such a model. Of primary interest is the fact that a mechanism for instability follows from an ordinary equation for the burning rate, without evoking the postulate of a time lag. The stability of a pressure wave is essentially determined by the frequency of the oscillation and the pressure sensitivity of the burning rate function, in qualitative agreement with the original ideas advanced by Crocco (4).
Identification of a human centrosomal calmodulin-binding protein that shares homology with pericentrin.

Eukaryotic chromosome segregation depends on the mitotic spindle apparatus, a bipolar array of microtubules nucleated from centrosomes. Centrosomal microtubule nucleation requires attachment of γ-tubulin ring complexes to a salt-insoluble centrosomal core, but the factor(s) underlying this attachment remains unknown. In budding yeast, this attachment is provided by the coiled-coil protein Spc110p, which links the yeast γ-tubulin complex to the core of the yeast centrosome. Here, we show that the large coiled-coil protein kendrin is a human orthologue of Spc110p. We identified kendrin by its C-terminal calmodulin-binding site, which shares homology with the Spc110p calmodulin-binding site. Kendrin localizes specifically to centrosomes throughout the cell cycle. N-terminal regions of kendrin share significant sequence homology with pericentrin, a previously identified murine centrosome component known to interact with γ-tubulin. In mitotic human breast carcinoma cells containing abundant centrosome-like structures, kendrin is found only at centrosomes associated with spindle microtubules.
ACCOUNTABILITY THROUGH ETHICS ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES : EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AMERICAN CITIES

This article examines the relationship between ethics enhancement strategies and accountability. Using data from a national survey of city managers, the authors find that the ethics enhancement strategies of role modeling, ethics development, and ethics enforcement and review may significantly increase accountability efforts in cities. This research supports the argument that ethics enhancement strategies increase accountability by improving public workers’ willingness to be open to public scrutiny.
Stress among Rural and Small-Town Patrol Officers: A Survey of Pennsylvani Municipal Agencies:

Previous studies on police stress have focused mainly on urban officers, and attention afforded to rural and small-town police is virtually nonexistent. To address this gap in the literature, five ...
Organ procurement and EMS: expanding the scope of your practice and your life.

(1999). Organ procurement and ems: Expanding the scope of your practice and your life. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 370-371.
Teaching Multiple Approaches to Engineering Design Within a Unified Curriculum

This paper presents a comparison on four different, yet complimentary, design methods: (1) Pahl and Beitz’s Systematic Approach to Design, (2) Suh’s Axiomatic Design, (3) Altshuller’s Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and (4) Ulwick’s Outcome-Driven Method. To compare these approaches to design, a general definition and process for design is first derived from common engineering design texts. After a general description of each of these design approaches is presented, a comparison is made between each design approach and the general design method. The paper is concluded with the proposal of an integrated curriculum for teaching the methods within the scope of a single design course.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Crystal Structures of Proton Uptake Mutants of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Reduced and Oxidized Forms: Loss of Key Waters Account for Inactivation

Two proton uptake routes, D and K pathways, have been defined in Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase by structural and mutational analysis. Single mutations in either pathway, D132A or K362M, strongly inhibit activity but do not change the spectral properties. To clarify the structural basis of the inactivation, the mutants were crystallized in reduced and oxidized forms.The D132A mutation causes a change in conformation at the mouth of the D path, shifting residues 130-135. The D132 carboxyl is replaced by a density significantly greater than water, which is best fit by a chloride ion. The waters and residues in the D-pathway are unchanged, except for a water that is hydrogen-bonded to N207; the water is lost and the side chain of N207 shifted 2 A. These minor changes appear to be responsible for the major change in enzyme activity (2% wildtype). The reduced crystal (at 2.15 A resolution) shows a movement of the heme a3 porphyrin ring similar to that seen in wildtype (Qin et al., Biochemistry 48:5121, 2009), but to a lesser extent. Changes at the heme a3/CuB site also differ from wildtype, suggesting a mixture of two forms.In the K362M crystal there are no obvious residue movements: the methionine occupies the same position as the lysine. However, the water associated with K362 is missing. When reduced, the K362M crystal shows conformational changes similar to wildtype. The strong inhibition of K362M (0.02% wildtype) appears to be accomplished with only the loss of one key water. (GM26916 (S.F.M.))
International Crossways: Traffic in Sexual Harassment Policy

This article examines how sexual harassment has been conceptualized by French feminists in an increasingly global political environment, demonstrating how feminist ideas, politics and legal initiat...
Active-site models for iron hydrogenases: reduction chemistry of dinuclear iron complexes.

Reduction of Fe2(μ-S2C3H6)(CO)6 (1) in tetrahydrofuran with 1 equiv of decamethylcobaltocene (Cp*2Co) affords a tetranuclear dianion 2. The IR spectra of samples of 2 in solution and in the solid state exhibit a band at 1736 cm-1, suggestive of the presence of a bridging carbonyl (CO) ligand. X-ray crystallography confirms that the structure of 2 consists of two Fe2 units bridged by a propanedithiolate moiety formulated as [Fe2(μ-S2C3H6)(CO)5(SCH2CH2CH2-μ-S)Fe2(μ-CO)(CO)6]2-. One of the Fe2 units has a bridging CO ligand and six terminal CO ligands. The second subunit exhibits a bridging propanedithiolate moiety. One CO ligand has been replaced by a terminal thiolate ligand, replicating the basic architecture of Fe-only hydrogenases. The reduction reaction can be reversed by treatment of 2 with 2 equiv of [Cp2Fe][PF6], reforming complex 1 in near-quantitative yield. Complex 2 can also be oxidized by acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, regenerating complex 1 and forming H2.
bumpy, caution with merging: an exploration of tagging in a geowiki

We introduced tags into the Cyclopath geographic wiki for bicyclists. To promote the creation of useful tags, we made tags wiki objects, giving ownership of tag applications to the community, not to individuals. We also introduced a novel interface that lets users fine-tune their routing preferences with tags. We analyzed the Cyclopath tagging vocabulary, the relationship of tags to existing annotation techniques (notes and ratings), and the roles users take on with respect to tagging, notes, and ratings. Our findings are: two distinct tagging vocabularies have emerged, one around each of the two main types of geographic objects in Cyclopath; tags and notes have overlapping content but serve distinct purposes; users employ both ratings and tags to express their route-finding preferences, and use of the two techniques is moderately correlated; and users are highly specialized in their use of tags and notes. These findings suggest new design opportunities, including semi-automated methods to infer new annotations in a geographic context.
Leakage risk assessment of the In Salah CO2 storage project: Applying the certification framework in a dynamic context

Abstract The Certification Framework (CF) is a simple risk assessment approach for evaluating CO2 and brine leakage risk at geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. In the In Salah CO2 storage project assessed here, five wells at Krechba produce natural gas from the Carboniferous C10.2 reservoir with 1.7–2% CO2 that is delivered to the Krechba gas processing plant, which also receives high- CO2 natural gas (∼10% by mole fraction) from additional deeper gas reservoirs and fields to the south. The gas processing plant strips CO2 from the natural gas that is then injected through three long horizontal wells into the water leg of the Carboniferous gas reservoir at a depth of approximately 1,800 m. This injection process has been going on successfully since 2004. The stored CO2 has been monitored over the last five years by a Joint Industry Project (JIP)–a collaboration of BP, Sonatrach, and Statoil with co-funding from US DOE and EU DG Research. Over the years the JIP has carried out extensive analyses of the Krechba system including two risk assessment efforts, one before injection started, and one carried out by URS Corporation in September 2008. The long history of injection at Krechba, and the accompanying characterization, modeling, and performance data provide a unique opportunity to test and evaluate risk assessment approaches. We apply the CF to the In Salah CO2 storage project at two different stages in the state of knowledge of the project: (1) at the pre-injection stage, using data available just prior to injection around mid-2004; and (2) after four years of injection (September 2008) to be comparable to the other risk assessments. The main risk drivers for the project are CO2 leakage into potable groundwater and into the natural gas cap. Both well leakage and fault/fracture leakage are likely under some conditions, but overall the risk is low due to ongoing mitigation and monitoring activities. Results of the application of the CF during these different state-of-knowledge periods show that the assessment of likelihood of various leakage scenarios increased as more information became available, while assessment of impact stayed the same. Ongoing mitigation, modeling, and monitoring of the injection process is recommended.
Understanding Predictors of Engagement Within the Military

The current study explored organizational antecedents of employee engagement in a military organization. A survey was administered to junior military personnel assessing leadership effectiveness, r...
The Co-Morbidity Burden of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objectives Use electronic health records Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to assess the comorbidity burden of ASD in children and young adults. Study Design A retrospective prevalence study was performed using a distributed query system across three general hospitals and one pediatric hospital. Over 14,000 individuals under age 35 with ASD were characterized by their co-morbidities and conversely, the prevalence of ASD within these comorbidities was measured. The comorbidity prevalence of the younger (Age<18 years) and older (Age 18–34 years) individuals with ASD was compared. Results 19.44% of ASD patients had epilepsy as compared to 2.19% in the overall hospital population (95% confidence interval for difference in percentages 13.58–14.69%), 2.43% of ASD with schizophrenia vs. 0.24% in the hospital population (95% CI 1.89–2.39%), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 0.83% vs. 0.54% (95% CI 0.13–0.43%), bowel disorders (without IBD) 11.74% vs. 4.5% (95% CI 5.72–6.68%), CNS/cranial anomalies 12.45% vs. 1.19% (95% CI 9.41–10.38%), diabetes mellitus type I (DM1) 0.79% vs. 0.34% (95% CI 0.3–0.6%), muscular dystrophy 0.47% vs 0.05% (95% CI 0.26–0.49%), sleep disorders 1.12% vs. 0.14% (95% CI 0.79–1.14%). Autoimmune disorders (excluding DM1 and IBD) were not significantly different at 0.67% vs. 0.68% (95% CI −0.14-0.13%). Three of the studied comorbidities increased significantly when comparing ages 0–17 vs 18–34 with p<0.001: Schizophrenia (1.43% vs. 8.76%), diabetes mellitus type I (0.67% vs. 2.08%), IBD (0.68% vs. 1.99%) whereas sleeping disorders, bowel disorders (without IBD) and epilepsy did not change significantly. Conclusions The comorbidities of ASD encompass disease states that are significantly overrepresented in ASD with respect to even the patient populations of tertiary health centers. This burden of comorbidities goes well beyond those routinely managed in developmental medicine centers and requires broad multidisciplinary management that payors and providers will have to plan for.
On tests and indices for evaluating structural models

Eight recommendations are given for the improved reporting of research based on structural equation modeling. These recommendations differ substantially from those offered by Prof. Barrett in this issue, especially with regard to the virtues and limitations of current statistical methods.
Construction of a soluble adenylyl cyclase activated by Gs alpha and forskolin

A soluble adenylyl cyclase was constructed by linkage of portions of the cytosolic domains of the mammalian type I and type II enzymes. The soluble enzyme was stimulated by both forskolin and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) Gs (Gs alpha). Expression of the construct complemented the catabolic defect in a strain of Escherichia coli that is deficient in adenylyl cyclase activity. The active, approximately 60-kilodalton enzyme accumulated in the cytoplasmic fraction of E. coli to yield activities in excess of 1 nanomole per minute per milligram of protein. The two sets of transmembrane helices of mammalian adenylyl cyclases are thus not necessary for the catalytic or the most characteristic regulatory activities of the enzyme. This system may be useful for both genetic and biochemical analysis of G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclases.