cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real Imaginary Diasporas

An island might seem an unlikely figure of globalization, and perhaps more appropriate as a model for diasporic communities. This article takes as a starting point the assumption that islands (conceptually as well as geographically) are in fact particularly relevant to pivotal trends within contemporary globalization, even while there are also reasons to consider islanding in relation to diaspora, and in ways that might make us rethink both globalization and the role of diasporas within the global now. The essay will take up some of the central conditions (economic, social, cultural) of contemporary islands and islanding—conditions that are at once Asian but also increasingly everywhere, and definitive of the way cities are being re-formed on continents and on real islands in real oceanic waters. The focal point of the article will be the art forms that come out of, and put expression to, these island worlds.
Abstract 221: Sympathetic and Metabolic Consequences of Deleting the Insulin Receptor from Proopiomelanocortin Neurons

Hypothalamic insulin receptor (IR) signaling has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Recent studies demonstrated that the sympathetic actio...
Place-Based Dialogics: Adaptive Cultural and Interpersonal Approaches to Environmental Conservation

This study examines conservation campaigns and how they employ place-based interpersonal communication tactics to better engage local communities in rural locations in Indonesia, Philippines, and Colombia. In collaboration with the non-governmental organization Rare, the authors explore how social marketing campaigns coupled with interpersonal communication can influence communities that are often considered the most marginalized and affected by environmental problems. Field research was conducted in Indonesia since 2008 and Colombia since 2014. Ethnography through participant observation and interviews were primary methods for data collection as well as a thorough analysis of organizational documents, such as websites, blogs, reports, and other written work. Using theories of dialogue and place-based studies of interpersonal communication, three key campaign strategies emerged from our research. First, cooperative engagement through semi-formalized information sharing is an important component of building a campaign in rural areas, which might include key stakeholder meetings, relationship building with local governmental, religious, and community leaders, and training sessions with local farmers or fishers. A second approach is based on critical listening and understanding through word of mouth involvement, such as community activities and improved understanding of the challenges that local people face in their communities. Finally, a third approach relates to the recognition of difference through engaging local culture. Campaign managers have used religious leaders, local languages, traditional customs and activities, and other place-based approaches to create inclusive conservation campaigns. These strategies demonstrate that conservation campaigns require intense interpersonal dialogue, long-term commitment, and place-based understanding.
Reacquainting the Academic Bureaucracy of Social Science with Its Subjects

In this essay, we will first explain the common scholarly arguments and societal reforms that brought about bureaucratic specialization in both academia and the federal bureaucracy. Next, we will d...
CPU-FPGA Coscheduling for Big Data Applications

Editor’s note: FPGA accelerators integrated with general-purpose CPUs have brought opportunities to improve energy efficiency of data center workloads. This article addresses the problem of coordination between FPGAs and multicore CPUs for big data applications. —Mustafa Ozdal, Bilkent University
Robotic Beating Heart Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass in Higher-Risk Patients: Can It be Done Safely?

ObjectivePatients with a high Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) predicted risk of mortality undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery are known to have worse outcomes. Less invasive approaches hav...
Discipline and Development: Middle Classes and Development Theory

Stalking the Path Not Taken Forty years ago, long before the East Asian tigers roared loudly enough for the world to notice, it was unusual to find scholars who did not focus on middle classes in the study of development in the late-industrializing world. Today middle classes have practically vanished from the literature. In fact, most contemporary scholars of late industrialization focus on practically every social or class force but the middle class, while capitalists, laborers, and/or the state are invoked without pause. While rounding up the usual suspects year after year may not be inherently objectionable as an analytic strategy, it does raise epistemological questions about why middle classes disappeared from the development literature in the first place. Some no doubt would account for this state of affairs by linking the fate of middle classes to the rise and fall of modernization theory, a paradigm built around claims of a morally superior and generative role to be played by the middle classes. When modernization theory held sway in the field of development, middle classes danced on center stage; when modernization theory fell out of favor, replaced initially by dependency or world-system theory and then a variety of state-centered paradigms, middle classes swiftly exited the theoretical limelight. The problem with emphasizing shifting theoretical paradigms, however, is that it tells little about why a concern with middle classes was not reformulated in terms more compatible with the theories that replaced modernization theory. This need not have been.
Invariant-Domain Commutation Theory Applied to the Mass-Splitting Principle

This chapter serves primarily to illustrate the sorts of applications to commutation problems for physical observables which lie within the scope of the globally-invariant-domain (DR) commutation methods developed in Chapter 3.
Sound recognition in mixtures

In this paper, we describe a method for recognizing sound sources in a mixture. While many audio-based content analysis methods focus on detecting or classifying target sounds in a discriminative manner, we approach this as a regression problem, in which we estimate the relative proportions of sound sources in the given mixture. Using source separation ideas based on probabilistic latent component analysis, we directly estimate these proportions from the mixture without actually separating the sources. We also introduce a method for learning a transition matrix to temporally constrain the problem. We demonstrate the proposed method on a mixture of five classes of sounds and show that it is quite effective in correctly estimating the relative proportions of the sounds in the mixture.
Determining the Commission of Genocide in Myanmar: Legal and Policy Considerations

In August 2018, what appears to be a draft statement to be delivered by U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on the persecution of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar was leaked to the press. The text suggests that the State Department is considering whether there are grounds to believe that genocide has been, or is being, committed in Myanmar and whether the State Department should issue a statement to this effect. This article first discusses the methodological question of the level of certainty that should be met before a non-judicial entity makes such a determination with reference to the various standards employed by commissions of inquiry and courts (both criminal and civil) that find themselves making analogous determinations. The article then surveys the major human rights documentation efforts, academic literature, relevant jurisprudence emanating from the international criminal tribunals, statements of United Nations entities and other states, the results of the State Department’s recent empirical investigation, party and amicus curiae briefs filed before the ICC, and journalistic accounts of events in Myanmar, Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the region with an eye towards understanding the dynamics of violence against the Rohingya — deemed by many to be “the most persecuted minority in the world.” The article layers the facts as we know them against established legal principles to conclude that a genocide is in fact underway in Myanmar through genocidal acts committed by discrete sets of actors (including various state organs, the Tatmadaw-Army, regional and local officials, and Rakhine civilians) and also by way of a genocide writ large against the Rohingya within Rakhine State involving the central authorities working in collusion with, and through, regional actors.
NPOs’ Voice in CSR Partnership: An Exploratory Study Using Topic Modeling:

The present study aims to identify and interpret the emerging strategies employed by nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in communicating with their business partners on Twitter. A computer-assisted con...
Gaps Between Research and Practice in Humanitarian Logistics

This paper, which compares humanitarian logistics research with needs in practice, has two key objectives. The first is to provide an overview of recent humanitarian operations and logistics research in the OR/MS field in order to set a foundation of academic contributions. The second builds upon the first by outlining the gaps between research and needs in practice in order to offer insights and motivate areas that could benefit from additional analysis and collaboration.
Paul Lazarsfeld's Radio and the Printed Page: A Critical Reappraisal

Abstract This article analyzes Paul Lazarsfeld's 1941 book, Radio and the Printed Page, arguing for the book's enduring significance in communication and media studies. In the book, Lazarsfeld rejected the then-influential technological determinist model that Hadley Cantril and Gordon Allport had developed through studying the new medium of radio. In contrast to Cantril and Allport, Lazarsfeld found through studying Americans' listening and reading habits that radio's effects on society were not totalizing, and he discovered that radio not only did not diminish the importance of reading printed texts, but that it in fact may have encouraged the practice. The book established Lazarsfeld's scholarly reputation in the United States and formed the basis for his later and widely influential research. Long ignored in the intellectual history of media studies, Radio and the Printed Page is in fact a foundational work, one that contains the clear beginnings of the social constructivist ideas that Lazarsfeld would...
Reconstruction of Gustilo Type IIIC Injuries of the Lower Extremity.

Background:Gustilo type IIIC open tibia fractures are characterized by an ischemic limb requiring immediate arterial repair. In this patient population, the decision between primary amputation and limb salvage can be challenging. This study aims to evaluate the reconstructive outcomes of patients wi
Perched on a Pedestal in a Positive Deviance Profession

ABSTRACTThe clergy are a rare occupational group in that they constitute a case of positive deviance when they adhere to their mandates. A positive deviance categorization of a profession makes it ...
Meereswelt im Würgegriff

Die Versauerung der Ozeane hat verheerende Auswirkungen auf Lebewesen mit Kalkschalen. Sie konnte sich aber auch dramatisch auf das Verhalten von anderen Wassertieren wie Fischen auswirken, was schwerwiegende Folgen fur ganze Okosysteme haben konnte. Experimente belegen dies bereits fur Anemonenfische, Haie und andere Meeresbewohner.
Use of a shaving technique for surgical management of partial ureteral obstruction due to endometriosis.

Objective To illustrate the surgical management of advanced endometriosis causing extrinsic ureteral compression. Design Video description of the case, demonstration of the surgical technique, reevaluation at 14-year follow-up, and review of urogenital endometriosis. Patient provided consent for the video recording and publication. This surgical report with no identifying patient data was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patient(s) A 42-year-old nulligravida with a known history of endometriosis presented with persistent pelvic pain and no other specific symptoms. She had previously undergone a diagnostic laparoscopy demonstrating advanced endometriosis involving multiple organs, including the urinary tract. She was referred to us for further surgical management. Preoperative intravenous pyelogram showed partial obstruction and constriction of a long portion of the midpelvic and distal left ureter with proximal hydroureter, consistent with extrinsic ureteral compression. Intervention(s) The patient underwent operative video laparoscopy using a multipuncture technique, with enterolysis, extensive left ureterolysis, shaving of periureteral constrictive fibrosis and endometriosis, cystoscopy, and placement of left ureteral stent. Main Outcome Measure(s) There was extensive endometriosis and fibrotic adhesions involving the left pelvic sidewall. Proximal hydroureter was noted to the pelvic inlet secondary to severe periureteral fibrosis from the pelvic brim to the bladder meatus, with significant narrowing of the pelvic ureter. The endometriosis was resected using hydrodissection and shaving with a carbon dioxide laser. Histopathologic evaluation of the resection specimens confirmed endometriosis. Result(s) An intravenous pyelogram performed 4 weeks postoperatively revealed ureteral patency and resolving hydroureter, and her ureteral stent was removed. Annual renal ultrasounds for the subsequent 2 years were normal. Fourteen years later, she remained asymptomatic on no suppressive treatment. A follow-up intravenous pyelogram was performed and showed a normal urinary tract with bilateral ureteral patency and no recurrent strictures or hydroureter. Conclusion(s) In selected cases, conservative shaving of periureteral fibrotic endometriosis avoids ureteral resection and has acceptable outcomes.
Advances in the Research of Genetics of Strabismus

Strabismus is a disease of which high incidence has been found in population.A genetic component of strabismus had been suppofled and the most common mode of inhentance is autosomal dominant.Less is known about the pathogenesis of concomitant than incomitant strabismus.Now some susceptibility genes of different types of strabismus have been mapped by linkage analysis in family studies. Key words: Concomitant strabismus; Incomitant strabismus; Genetic factor
Radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer—The risk of extraprostatic spread by NCCN risk group and its implications for adjuvant therapy: An analysis of 23,988 patients

5125 Background: Swanson et al recently reported an update of SWOG 8794 (ASTRO 2008, oral presentation) revealing a 10% absolute overall survival benefit at 15 years with adjuvant radiation therapy...
The Coup de Grâce to the Sanders Campaign: Michigan, Momentum & Viability.

We illuminate the dynamics of primary campaigns by looking at how individuals changed their candidate support, favorability and viability within a crucial state in the 2020 primary. Via a multi-wave survey of likely primary voters in Michigan, we show that Joe Biden’s comeback win was due primarily to the change in perception of his viability following South Carolina and Super Tuesday, especially among the more moderate portion of the Democratic electorate. In subsequent county-level analyses we find that the difference between Bernie Sanders’s win in 2016 and loss in 2020 was more a function of changes in the Democratic primary electorate than in his appeal. Our work suggests that gains in viability do not benefit all candidates equally. Moreover, viability can be generated later in the schedule than previously thought and to decisive ends. We consider the implications of our findings for understanding Michigan’s outcome in November.
Cost-effectiveness of syringe service programs, medications for opioid use disorder, and combination programs in hepatitis C harm reduction among opioid injection drug users: a public payer perspective using a decision tree.

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence rate among injection drug users (IDUs) in North America is 55.2%, with 1.41 million individuals estimated to be HCV-antibody positive. Studies hav...
Von Nathan Birnbaum zu Nosn Birnboym: Das Engagement eines Wiener Bürgers für die jiddische Sprache im Kontext der national-jüdischen Bewegungen. The Commitment of a Viennese Citizen to Yiddish in the Context of National Jewish Movements

The life and work of the early Zionist, later Diaspora nationalist and president of the First Yiddish Language Conference in Czernowitz, Nathan Birnbaum, is usually considered as contradictory and extreme. However, as I argue in this article, Birnbaum remained consistent in his understanding of people and nation that was shaped by Herder and German romanticism - what actually changed were the political and social conditions of Middle and Eastern European Jewry.
Transparency in Online Pedagogy: A Critical Analysis of Changing Modalities

As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, college and university faculty have been tasked with moving their courses toward online modalities with minimal notice. This environ...
The Value of Two Man Volleyball

(1970). The Value of Two Man Volleyball. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 81-81.
HIV Risk Behaviors Among Latina Women Tested for HIV in Florida by Country of Birth, 2012

Latina women in the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Data are limited on the risk differences in HIV among Latinas by country of birth. This paper describes the risk behaviors among Latina women tested for HIV at public sites in Florida. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the demographic characteristics associated with the report of specific risk behaviors. Results indicate that foreign-born Latina women were 54 % less likely to report partner risk [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.54] than US-born Latina women. Reported risk behaviors varied by race/ethnicity, US-born versus foreign-born status, and by Latina country of origin. Knowledge of these differences can aid in targeting HIV prevention messaging, program decision-making, and allocation of resources, corresponding to the central approach of High Impact Prevention and the National HIV/AIDS Strategy.
Design patterns for developing GUI applications

The authors describe how they introduced several design patterns when teaching Visual C++ as a tool in their "GUI Design" course. Their experience showed that design patterns helped deal with its complex and flatten the learning curve without diverting too much attention from the course's primary objectives.
Beta 2-adrenergic receptors are expressed by glia in vivo in the normal and injured central nervous system in the rat, rabbit, and human

Previous studies have demonstrated that glial cells in culture express several subtypes of functional adrenergic receptors. To determine if similar receptors are expressed by glia in vivo, we examined the expression of adrenergic receptors in the normal, crushed, and transected optic nerves of the rabbit and rat using quantitative receptor autoradiography. Additionally, we examined the expression of adrenergic receptors in the normal and damaged human optic nerve. High levels of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1-, and beta 2-adrenergic receptors were identified in the rabbit and rat forebrain. In the normal rabbit, rat, and human optic nerves, only alpha 1 and beta 2 receptors were observed, and these were present in low to moderate densities. Combined immunohistochemistry and autoradiography suggests that the majority of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the rabbit, rat, and human optic nerve are expressed by astrocytes. After unilateral optic nerve crush or transection, only beta 2- adrenergic receptors were significantly increased. This increase in beta 2 receptors was first detectable at days 7 and 28 post-transection in the rabbit and rat, respectively. The expression of beta 2 receptors in the transected optic nerve continued to increase with time, so that by 90 d post-transection the density of beta 2 receptors in both the rabbit and rat optic nerve was among the highest of any area in the forebrain. Taken together with previous studies, these results suggest that in vivo, beta 2-adrenergic receptors may provide a therapeutic target for regulation of astrocyte functions including glycogen metabolism, cytokine release, and the hypertrophy and proliferation that occurs in response to neuronal injury.
Bladder augmentation: does it predispose to prosthetic infection of simultaneously placed artificial genitourinary sphincters or in situ ventriculoperitoneal shunts?

Objective To review previous reports and our experience in assessing the risk of prosthetic infections in patients undergoing bladder augmentation simultaneously with artificial genitourinary sphincter (AGUS) implantation, and in patients with in situ ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, implicated as a cause of shunt infection. Patients and methods The literature was searched to identify the number of prosthetic infections (AGUS or VP shunt) reported in patients who have undergone bladder augmentation. Additionally, the records of 53 myelodysplastic patients at our institution who had undergone bladder augmentation were reviewed to determine the incidence of AGUS and/or VP shunt infections. An AGUS was placed in 17 of these patients, who were then divided into three groups based upon the timing of their AGUS placement relative to bladder augmentation. Of the 53 patients, 47 had an in situ VP shunt at the time of their augmentation. All patients were followed for at least 12 months. Results The reported rate of AGUS infection at the time of simultaneous bladder augmentation was not significantly different from that when these procedures were staged. In the present series, the AGUS became infected in two patients (12%); one infection occurred in each of 10 patients undergoing simultaneous procedures (10%) and one developed in each of the seven patients undergoing staged procedures (14%). Although VP shunt infections have been reported after bladder augmentation, none of the present patients had a VP shunt infection after bladder augmentation. Conclusion These results suggest that bladder augmentation is not associated with an increased risk of prosthetic infection in patients undergoing simultaneous placement of an artificial sphincter or in those who have an in situ VP shunt.
PixelLaser: computing range from monocular texture

The impressive advances in robotic spatial reasoning over the past decade have relied primarily on rich sensory data provided by laser range finders. Relative to cameras, however, lasers are heavy, bulky, power-hungry, and expensive. This work proposes and evaluates an image-segmentation pipeline that produces range scans from ordinary webcameras. Starting with a nearest-neighbor classification of image patches, we investigate the tradeoffs in accuracy, resolution, calibration, and speed that come from estimating range-to-obstacles using only single images. Experiments atop the low-cost iRobot Create platform demonstrate the accessibility and power of this pixel-based alternative to laser scans.
Inferring semantics with Object Feedback

We propose Object Feedback, a new Bayesian approach to infer semantics in image retrieval. A user provided image typically consists of multiple real world objects with the object of interest being one of them. From a database of object clusters, our system is able to infer the object of interest to the user by finding the representative object cluster having the highest posterior probability. The posterior probability is expressed in terms of the cluster conditional probability and the prior probability of the cluster. In every feedback iteration, we increase the prior probabilities of relevant clusters while reducing that of others. As the cluster priors change in every feedback iteration, the prior probabilities play a dominant role in the calculation of the posterior probabilities of the clusters. We have incorporated the proposed framework in an image retrieval system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with experiments using a set of categories from the Corel image database.
Human Senescence: Human variation: chronic diseases, risk factors, and senescence

Humans interface with their physical environment through a complex series of biocultural mechanisms. This range of interaction allows a wide variation in phenotypes. Humans use culture so extensively that inclinations for complex symbolic communication and patterns of social interaction may be genetically programmed as are the physical and neurological structures on which these activities depend (Durham 1991). Inter-individual communication allowing experiences to be retained across generations provides opportunities to inhabit a variety of ecological settings. Therein, local populations may develop both biological and social/cultural/behavioral variability while responding to environmental and sociocultural circumstances. Such local adaptive responses allow populations to differ significantly in phenotype from others residing elsewhere (Crews and Bindon 1991). All populations tend to maintain relatively constant living environments that provide human needs for food, shelter, reproduction, and infant/child care, and promote survival of their members. This similarity across multiple external environments allowed humans to maintain a 99.5% genetic similarity across their range. Although cultural systems alter local populations by restricting mate choice and concepts of ideal mates, thereby producing socioculturally determined selection, wide-ranging human populations remain a single interbreeding species, unlike many wide-ranging non-human groups (Lasker and Crews 1996). Humans all share the same physiology and basic life history, and remain susceptible to the same internal processes of senescence. With larger numbers of individuals surviving to their later decades of life, this similarity is revealed as a senescing soma that loses function across multiple integrated systems associated with chronic degenerative processes. Local selective pressures (e.g., malaria, cold, hypoxia, solar radiation, plant toxins, viruses, bacteria) produce variations in behavioral, sociocultural, and biological responses across populations, but the underlying degenerative processes remain the same.
A 0.9 V, 4 K SRAM for embedded applications

A 4 Kb SRAM design is presented with functionality of 12 MHz at a supply voltage of 0.9 volts with a RMS run power (1 MHz) of 22 /spl mu/W. The circuit operates at maximum frequency of 38 MHz at a supply voltage of 1.6 volts with a RMS run power (1 MHz) of 32 /spl mu/W. The design utilizes a sub-blocked array architecture as well as selective use of NOR/NAND based decode logic. The sense amplifier design is a low voltage, glitch-free design to conserve power.
C++ for Business Programming

1. Introduction to C. 2. Integers. 3. Real Numbers. 4. More Arithmetic Operators. 5. Indefinite Iteration. 6. Definite Iteration. 7. Program Control: Decision making with if. 8. Complex Decisions. 9. Functions. 10. Modular Design Using Functions. 11. Arrays. 12. Pointers and Strings. 13. Pointers, Arrays, and Functions. 14. User-Defined Data Types and Structures. 15. File Processing in C. Appendix A. Computers, Data, and Program Development. Appendix B. Program Control. Appendix C. The Functions printf() and scanf(). Appendix D. C Keywords and Library Functions. Index.
Mechanical properties of a primary cilium as measured by resonant oscillation

Primary cilia are ubiquitous mammalian cellular substructures implicated in an ever-increasing number of regulatory pathways. The well-established ciliary hypothesis states that physical bending of the cilium (for example, due to fluid flow) initiates signaling cascades, yet the mechanical properties of the cilium remain incompletely measured, resulting in confusion regarding the biological significance of flow-induced ciliary mechanotransduction. In this work we measure the mechanical properties of a primary cilium by using an optical trap to induce resonant oscillation of the structure. Our data indicate 1) the primary cilium is not a simple cantilevered beam; 2) the base of the cilium may be modeled as a nonlinear rotatory spring, with the linear spring constant k of the cilium base calculated to be (4.6 ± 0.62) × 10−12 N/rad and nonlinear spring constant α to be (−1 ± 0.34) × 10−10 N/rad2; and 3) the ciliary base may be an essential regulator of mechanotransduction signaling. Our method is also particularly suited to measure mechanical properties of nodal cilia, stereocilia, and motile cilia—anatomically similar structures with very different physiological functions.
A comparison of concurrent and retrospective trajectories of commitment to wed

How well do dating partners recall the development of commitment to wed and what factors modify recall? Motivations underlying recall suggest retrospections should demonstrate one of two patterns, developmental change or amplification. A random sample of 464 partners in heterosexual relationships graphed changes in commitment to wed monthly for 8 months and then graphed them from memory. Results supported the developmental change hypothesis; retrospective reports of commitment initially were lower than concurrent reports and increased more steeply over time. This effect was moderated by changes in relationship stage, with advancement showing accuracy of recall, maintenance showing developmental change, and regression showing amplification. Accuracy of recall depends upon relationship history, which has implications for relationship outcomes and reliability of retrospective reports.
Remarks about Dyson's instability in the large-N limit

There are known examples of perturbative expansions in the 't Hooft coupling lt with a finite radius of convergence. This seems to contradict Dyson's argument suggesting that the instability at negative coupling implies a zero radius of convergence. Using the example of the linear sigma model in three dimensions, we discuss to which extent the two points of view are compatible. We show that a saddle point persists for negative values of lt until a critical value -|lt_c| is reached. A numerical study of the perturbative series for the renormalized mass confirms an expected singularity of the form (lt +|lt_c|)^1/2. However, for -|lt_c| phi^2_{max}(lt) and not at all if lt<-|lt_c|. We show that phi^2_{max}(lt) propto 1/|lt | for small negative lt. The finite radius of convergence can be justified if the effective theory is defined with a large field cutoff phi^2_{max}(lt) which provides a quantitative measure of the departure from the original model considered.
Hereditary D-property of function spaces over compacta

It is shown that if X is compact then every subspace of Cp(X) is a D-space in the sense of E. van Douwen, which positively answers Matveev's question. A connection between the D-property and Baturov's and Grothendieck's classical theorems about function spaces over compacta is established.
Effects of an abrupt change between diet form on growth performance of finishing pigs

Abstract A total of 200 finishing pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050; initially 60 ± 4.7 kg) were used in a 58 days growth assay to determine the effects of an abrupt change in diet form from meal to pelleted and pelleted to meal diets on growth performance and carcass measurements. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Diets were fed in 2 phases, day 0–36 and day 36–58 for phase 1 and 2, respectively. Treatments were meal to meal, meal to pelleted, pelleted to meal, and pelleted to pelleted diets for Phases 1 and 2 of the experiment, respectively. For Phase 1 (day 0–36), pigs fed the mean of the pelleted diet had increased (P 0.27) in performance compared to those fed the pelleted then meal diet. No differences (P > 0.19) were observed in dressing percentage, fat thickness, loin depth, or percentage fat free lean index. In conclusion, pigs fed the pelleted diet the entire experiment had increased ADG compared to pigs fed the meal diet. Pigs fed the pelleted diet had the greatest G:F, pigs fed meal the worst, and pigs fed pellets for only part of the grow-finish phase fell between the other treatments.
Detailed analysis of Helicobacter pylori Fur-regulated promoters reveals a Fur box core sequence and novel Fur-regulated genes

Summary In Helicobacter pylori, iron balance is controlled by the Ferric uptake regulator (Fur), an iron-sensing repressor protein that typically regulates expression of genes implicated in iron transport and storage. Herein, we carried out extensive analysis of Fur-regulated promoters and identified a 7-1-7 motif with dyad symmetry (5′-TAATAATnATTATTA-3′), which functions as the Fur box core sequence of H. pylori. Addition of this sequence to the promoter region of a typically non-Fur regulated gene was sufficient to impose Fur-dependent regulation in vivo. Moreover, mutation of this sequence within Fur-controlled promoters negated regulation. Analysis of the H. pylori chromosome for the occurrence of the Fur box established the existence of well-conserved Fur boxes in the promoters of numerous known Fur-regulated genes, and revealed novel putative Fur targets. Transcriptional analysis of the new candidate genes demonstrated Fur-dependent repression of HPG27_51, HPG27_52, HPG27_199, HPG27_445, HPG27_825 and HPG27_1063, as well as Fur-mediated activation of the cytotoxin associated gene A, cagA (HPG27_507). Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed specific binding of Fur to the promoters of each of these genes. Future experiments will determine whether loss of Fur regulation of any of these particular genes contributes to the defects in colonization exhibited by the H. pylori fur mutant.
Regimes Not Worth Saving

fication of those public resolutions that will meet our communal aims. He searches for this resolution through a long and not entirely successful discussion of political philosophy from its classical origins through modern liberal theory. Sherlock's goal is to establish the importance of regimes-that common set of beliefs shaping the rules and practices of a political society-in political life. Regimes "assume a certain vision of the fundamental
Current Gains and Future Outcomes

John Matthews has offered an interesting reformulation of how and when concern over relative gains acts as a barrier to cooperation.' He introduces the concept of "cumulation effects": gains cumulate when current cooperation creates advantages that increase the probability of additional gains in the future. This concept clarifies why states are sometimes concerned about relative gains, focusing our attention on their impact on the future. Matthews argues that states' sensitivity to relative gains increases with increases in cumulation, and employs his argument to explain behavior in both the international economic and security realms. Matthews' framework is logically sound and appears to work well on the economic cases that he explores with it. However, I believe that he has misapplied it in the security realm. The relative gains problem is first and foremost about gains in ends. In the security realm the key end is security Matthews, however, focuses on relative gains in means-for example, power and relative force size. Confusion about whether the focus should be on ends or means pervades much of the discussion of relative gains in the security realm; Matthews has not created it.2 This conflation of ends and means supports the mistaken belief that states are especially severely constrained by relative gains concerns when evaluating whether to cooperate on security issues.3 The implications are dramatic: framed incorrectly in terms of means, relative gains problems are everywhere in the security realm; framed correctly in terms of security, the relative gains problem essentially ceases to exist. I begin by explaining the nature of this common misunderstanding, and then discuss the implications for Matthews' analysis of cooperation on security issues.
Major structural determinants of transmembrane proteins identified by principal component analysis.

We identify amino acid characteristics important in determining the secondary structures of transmembrane proteins, and compare them with characteristics important for cytoplasmic proteins. Using information derived from multiple sequence alignments, we perform a principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the directions in the 20-dimensional amino acid frequency space that comprise the most variance within each protein secondary structure. These vectors represent the important position-specific properties of the amino acids for coils, turns, β sheets, and α helices. As expected, the most important axis for most of the datasets was hydrophobicity. Additional axes, distinct from hydrophobicity, are surprising, especially in the case of transmembrane α helices, where the effects of aromaticity and β-branching are the next two most significant characteristics. The axis representing β-branching also has equal importance in cytoplasmic and transmembrane helices, a finding that contrasts with some experimental results in membrane-like environments. In a further analysis, we examine trends for some of the PCA axes over averaged transmembrane α helices, and find interesting results for aromaticity. Proteins 1999;34:333–340. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Parameters affecting thermal fatigue behavior of 60 Sn-40 Pb solder joints

Solder joints in electronic packages experience cyclical thermally induced strain when temperature fluctuations are encountered in service. This study investigates three parameters that affect the microstructure and therefore the thermal fatigue behavior of 60Sn-40Pb solder joints. These parameters are: 1) the effect of a tensile component in thermal fatigue, 2) solder joint thickness variations, and 3) hold time variations at the elevated temperature portion of the thermal cycle. Solder joints were thermally fatigued in a tension/compression deformation mode. Cracks developed both in the interfacial intermetallic layer (early in thermal fatigue) and in the coarsened regions of the microstructure of the solder joint (after many more cycles). The effect of joint thickness on solder joints thermally fatigued in shear was also explored. Solder joint thickness was found not to significantly affect fatigue lifetimes. The effect of an increase in the hold time at the elevated temperature portion of the thermal fatigue cycle was also investigated. It was found that time spent at the high temperature end of the fatigue cycle does not determine solder joint lifetime, rather it is the combination of the amount of deformation induced during thermal fatigue in concert with the elevated temperature.
Research on Environmental Health Interventions: Ethical Problems and Solutions

This article reviews a variety of ethical issues one must consider when conducting research on environmental health interventions on human subjects. The paper uses the Kennedy Krieger Institute lead abatement study as well as a hypothetical asthma study to discuss questions concerning benefits and risks, risk minimization, safety monitoring, the duty to warn, the duty to report, the use of control groups, informed consent, equitable subject selection, privacy, conflicts of interest, and community consultation. Research on environmental health interventions can make an important contribution to our understanding of human health and disease prevention, provided it is conducted in a manner that meets prevailing scientific, ethical, and legal standards for research on human subjects. We would like to thank Ernest Kraybill, Walter Rogan, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.
A 58-year-old immunosuppressed male with chronic cough, diarrhea, and a new "pressure" ulcer.

A 58-year-old male presented with a cough and intermittent diarrhea, which had lasted several months, as well as a new (having appeared roughly 1 week prior) skin lesion on his right hip. Both a proton pump inhibitor and broad-spectrum antibiotics had failed to clear his cough the previous month. His past medical history was significant for neuromyelitis optica, for which he was taking low-dose prednisone and azathioprine. The laboratory tests were remarkable only for a mildly elevated sedimentation rate and a chest computed tomograph (CT) that demonstrated extensive bilateral lower lung peribronchial and centrilobular nodular consolidations, associated with bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening. The physical examination was notable for a nontender right hip lesion, seen in Fig. 1A, which he had been told was a pressure ulcer, though he was not bed bound, nor was the lesion in a dependent area. The dermatology department was called to perform a biopsy on the hip site, and organism-specific staining confirmed the diagnosis. Figure 1 demonstrates the organism with both hematoxylin and eosin stain (Fig. 1B and ​andC)C) and an organism-specific immunohistochemistry stain (Fig. 1D). FIG 1 (A) Nontender lesion on the patient's right hip. (B and C) Lesion biopsy specimen with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magnification, ×1,000. (D) Lesion biopsy specimen with organism-specific immunohistochemistry stain. Original magnification, ... (For answer and discussion, see page 382 in this issue [doi:10.1128/JCM.02528-12].)
Validation of HbA1c of 6.5% for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus via the Use of Taxometric Analysis

Purpose Previous studies in which authors examined the internal and external validity of a glycemic cut-point for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus have provided mixed results. The purpose of the current study was to test the internal validity of the HbA1c 6.5% cut-point with taxometric analysis. Methods Data on 14,798 participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, years 1999–2008. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were submitted to the taxometric procedures MAMBAC (mean above minus below a cut) and MAXSLOPE (MAXimum SLOPE). The comparison curve fit index was the outcome measure, with values less than 0.40 and greater than 0.60 indicative of dimensional and categorical solutions, respectively. Results In the full sample, MAXSLOPE and MAMBAC procedures yielded CCFIs of 0.778 and 0.872, respectively. Analyses were repeated in subgroups by age, sex, fasting insulin level, ethnicity, and year; the lowest comparison curve fit index measurement from any analysis was 0.706. Conclusions These results support a categorical overdimensional model of diabetes, consistent with the new HbA1c cut-point recommendation.
Backstepping Boundary Controllers and Observers for the Slender Timoshenko Beam: Part II---Stability and Simulations

We present the stability analysis and numerical results for our controller and observer designs for the slender Timoshenko beam with Kelvin-Voigt (internal material) damping. Our designs, introduced in a companion ACC '06 paper, use a combination of classical "damping boundary feedback" ideas with backstepping. The main advantage of our techniques over the previous boundary damping results is that they apply to the readily implementable "anti-collocated" architecture, which uses actuation only at the beam's base and sensing only at the beam's tip.
Epoxides as probes of oxametallacycle chemistry on Rh(111)

Abstract Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) were used to investigate the reactions of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide on the clean Rh(111) surface. This study was performed to determine the reaction pathways and intermediates involved during decomposition of epoxides as a means of understanding the divergence of alcohol and aldehyde decomposition on Rh(111). Ethylene oxide decomposed via C-O scission of the ring. Decarbonylation was observed to have begun by 221 K to release adsorbed carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon fragments. Volatile carbon monoxide and di-hydrogen were the only desorbing products detected. Carbon was also deposited on the Rh(111) surface during ethylene oxide decarbonylation. Similar behavior was observed during propylene oxide decarbonylation. Decarbonylation of the adsorbed species began by 232 K. Again surface carbon was detected as well as volatile carbon monoxide and di-hydrogen. No volatile hydrocarbon products were observed during the decomposition of either epoxide. The reaction pathways and products observed are quite consistent with those observed for ethanol and 1-propanol, but not for the aldehyde isomers of these epoxides. The results of this study support the hypothesis that alcohol decarbonylation occurs via oxametallacycle intermediates on Rh(111), since the chemistry of the epoxides mimics that of the alcohols rather than that of the aldehydes. However, these intermediates were insufficiently stable to permit their isolation and spectroscopic verification by HREELS.
Aromatic interactions are not required for amyloid fibril formation by islet amyloid polypeptide but do influence the rate of fibril formation and fibril morphology.

Amyloid formation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases, and a diverse set of proteins is involved. There is considerable interest in elucidating the interactions which lead to amyloid formation and which contribute to amyloid fibril stability. Recent attention has been focused upon the potential role of aromatic−aromatic and aromatic−hydrophobic interactions in amyloid formation by short to midsized polypeptides. Here we examine whether aromatic residues are necessary for amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). IAPP is responsible for the formation of islet amyloid in type II diabetes which is thought to play a role in the pathology of the disease. IAPP is 37 residues in length and contains three aromatic residues, Phe-15, Phe-23, and Tyr-37. Structural models of IAPP amyloid fibrils postulate that Tyr-37 is near one of the phenylalanine residues, and it is known that Tyr-37 interacts with one of the phenylalanines during fibrillization; however, it is not known if aromatic...
Surfaces for interfacing protein gel electrophoresis directly with mass spectrometry

Molecular biologists and biochemists often transfer proteins separated by gel electrophoresis to membranes, such as PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) and nitrocellulose, for further characterization. MALDI-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) can analyze proteins and peptides on a wide variety of surfaces. This review surveys the suitability of membranes and surfaces used by molecular biologists and biochemists as mass spectrometric surfaces. Matrix application considerations are reviewed. The identification of proteins by comparing the masses of peptides generated by on-membrane digestion of proteins with theoretical digestion of database proteins is discussed. The prospects for mass spectrometric sequencing of individual peptides on membranes are presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.