cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initiation of protein synthesis from a termination codon.

Abstract We show that the amber termination codon UAG can initiate protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. We mutated the initiation codon AUG of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene to UAG (CATam1) and translated mRNA derived from the mutant CAT gene in E. coli S-30 extracts. A full-length CAT polypeptide was synthesized in the presence of tRNA(fMetCUA), a mutant E. coli initiator tRNA which has a change in the anticodon sequence from CAU to CUA. Addition of purified E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase substantially stimulated synthesis of the CAT polypeptide. Thus, initiation of protein synthesis with UAG and tRNA(fMetCUA) most likely occurs with glutamine and not methionine. The UAG codon also initiates protein synthesis in vivo. To eliminate a weak secondary site of initiation from AUC, the fifth codon, we further mutagenized the CATam1 gene at codons 2 (GAG----GAC) and 5 (AUC----ACC). Transformation of E. coli with the resultant CATam1.2.5 gene yielded transformants that synthesized CAT polypeptide and were resistant to chloramphenicol only when they were also transformed with the mutant tRNA(fMetCUA) gene. Immunoblot analyses and assays for CAT enzyme activity in extracts from transformed cells indicate that initiation from UAG is efficient, 60-70% of that obtained from AUG. Initiation of protein synthesis from UAG using a mutant initiator tRNA allows tightly regulated expression of specific genes. This may be generally useful for overproduction in E. coli and other eubacteria of proteins which are toxic to these cells.
A Hamiltonian approach to the strong gravity limit

The Hamiltonian for general relativity is examined in the strong gravity (SG) limitG → ∞. In this limit a perfect fluid moves irrotationally along geodesics. An appropriate SG limit for the scalar field is developed such that the energy density has a limit. The solutions in this limit, which were previously known, are shown to come out simply and directly. A classification of the trace-free part of the momentum is given in the Appendix.
Electron motion in tuned fields. II: Some applications

Abstract In the previous paper we presented the results of calculations on the motion of electrons in combined uniform magnetic and electrostatic fields. In the present paper we show how the four elementary forms studied there can be used in combinations to provide systems free from aberrations or which can be used as a corrector for systems having the normal aberration properties.
When Huffman Meets Hamming: A Class of Optimal Variable-Length Error Correcting Codes

We introduce a family of binary prefix condition codes in which each codeword is required to have a Hamming weight which is a multiple of w for some integer w≫=2. Such codes have intrinsic error resilience and are a special case of codes with codewords constrained to belong to a language accepted by a deterministic finite automaton. For a given source over n symbols and parameter w we offer an algorithm to construct a minimum-redundancy code among this class of prefix condition codes which has a running time of O(n^{w+2}).
Listening and responding: Hearing the logic in children's classroom narratives

(1984). Listening and responding: Hearing the logic in children's classroom narratives. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 23, Access to Meaning: Spoken and Written Language, pp. 218-224.
Impact of network structure and cellular response on spike time correlations.

Novel experimental techniques reveal the simultaneous activity of larger and larger numbers of neurons. As a result there is increasing interest in the structure of cooperative – or correlated – activity in neural populations, and in the possible impact of such correlations on the neural code. A fundamental theoretical challenge is to understand how the architecture of network connectivity along with the dynamical properties of single cells shape the magnitude and timescale of correlations. We provide a general approach to this problem by extending prior techniques based on linear response theory. We consider networks of general integrate-and-fire cells with arbitrary architecture, and provide explicit expressions for the approximate cross-correlation between constituent cells. These correlations depend strongly on the operating point (input mean and variance) of the neurons, even when connectivity is fixed. Moreover, the approximations admit an expansion in powers of the matrices that describe the network architecture. This expansion can be readily interpreted in terms of paths between different cells. We apply our results to large excitatory-inhibitory networks, and demonstrate first how precise balance – or lack thereof – between the strengths and timescales of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is reflected in the overall correlation structure of the network. We then derive explicit expressions for the average correlation structure in randomly connected networks. These expressions help to identify the important factors that shape coordinated neural activity in such networks.
Third-order rate constants of atmospheric importance

Input data and results are presented for the calculation of a number of third-order rate constants of atmospheric interest using Troe′s approximate method. A comparison with experimental data indicates that this approach provides a reliable method for predicting unknown rate constants and estimating temperature dependences. These calculations form the basis of the recommendations of the NASA review panel for third-order rate constants to be used in atmospheric modeling.
Singular ODEs arising from the Laplacian and spherical symmetry

Abstract Some common singular ODEs can be solved by standard codes after a transformation and a trivial modification of the equation to prevent division by 0.
Future Trends of Software Technology and Applications

Software technology has evolved rapidly to satisfy the demands from the expansion of various applications of information technology. From the applications perspective, the demands for producing high-quality software for real-time systems, distributed computing infrastructure, internet, mobile and ubiquitous (or pervasive) computing systems, etc. are enormous. The quality involved may include not only robustness, high performance and security, but also light weight, composibility and situation awareness. During the last three decades, the phenomenal progress and changes in software technology have been obvious. New paradigms and techniques in developing and maintaining software systems have been introduced, such as object- and aspect-oriented software development, component-based software development, situation-aware and adaptive software, middleware, service-oriented architecture and secure software engineering.
Safety considerations for the aging workforce

This paper discusses some of the psychological and physical issues of the aging workforce based on recent literature. Descriptions of physical aging and cognitive aging are presented and the relationship of these factors to worker safety, especially those relevant to the mining industry, is discussed. The authors include suggestions for the integration of this knowledge in the design of appropriate safety and health interventions for older workers.
Relativistic models of composite hadrons: A group theoretical approach☆

Abstract Following Gursey and Orfanidis, we present a general group theoretical framework with which to build the generators of the Poincare group for the description of a relativistic composite hadron in the zero-width approximation. By insisting that the composite hadron be made up of an infinite number of point-like constituents (partons), we find it necessary to introduce new degrees of freedom to achieve relativistic invariance. We present several ways to do this.
First-Year Growth of Seven Co-Occurring Fish Species of Navigation Pool 9 of the Mississippi River

ABSTRACT First-year growth patterns of seven fish species were determined with weekly or monthly samples taken from water intake screens of a power plant located along Navigation Pool 9 of the Mississippi River (River Mile 679). Mean total lengths of mooneye (Hiodon terqisus), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), freshwater drum (Aplodinotus qrunniens), and white bass (Morone chrysops) were at least 110 mm by winter (November through March), but mean lengths of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) were 67 to 74 mm by winter. Mean total lengths at capture of all species except channel catfish increased significantly with time (P < 0.05) until September or October, after which lengths did not change. Mean lengths of channel catfish increased significantly through winter until February. Mean lengths of flathead catfish and white bass did not increase after water temperatures in fall dropped below 18 °C, and mean lengths of gi...
A criterion for relative global dimension zero with applications to graded rings

Let R and S be arbitrary (not necessarily commutative) rings with unit and letfi R --f S be a ring morphism. By a module, we will mean left module unless otherwise stated. Mod(R) will denote the category of R-modules. Recall that S is of relative global dimension zero over R if every S-module M is an (S, R)-injective module, i.e., if 0 -+ M -+ A + B + 0 is an exact sequence of S-modules which splits when considered as an exact sequence of R-modules, then 0 + M -+ A + B -+ 0 splits over S also. See G. Hochschild [2] for general definitions. The basic result of this paper is to give a sufficient condition on
Characterization of Novel Lithium Battery Cathode Materials by Spectroscopic Methods: The Li 5+ x FeO 4 System

The novel, lithium-rich oxide-phase Li₅FeO₄ (LFO) could, in theory, deliver a specific capacity >900 mAh/g when deployed as a cathode or cathode precursor in a battery with a lithium-based anode. However, research results to date on LFO indicate that less than one of the five Li⁺ cations can be reversibly de-intercalated/re-intercalated during repetitive charging and discharging cycles. In the present research, the system Li5+xFeO₄ with x values in the range of 0.0-2.0 was investigated by a combination of Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopic methods supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in order to determine if the Li₅FeO₄ lattice would accommodate additional Li⁺ ions, with concomitant lowering of the valence on the FeIII cations. Both the Raman phonon spectra and the XRD patterns were invariant for all values of x, strongly indicating that additional Li⁺ did not enter the Li₅FeO₄ lattice. Also, Raman spectral results and high-resolution synchrotron XRD data revealed the presence of second-phase Li₂O in all samples with x greater than 0.0. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe kα edge performed on the sample with a Li-Fe ratio of 7.0 (i.e., x = 2.0) showed no evidence for the presence of FeII. This resistance to accepting more lithium into the Li₅FeO₄ structure is attributed to the exceedingly stable nature of high-spin FeIII in tetrahedral "FeIIIO₄" structural units of Li₅FeO₄. Partial substitution of the FeIII with other cations could provide a path toward increasing the reversible Li⁺ content of Li5xFeO₄-type phases.
Trisomy 5 as the sole abnormality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A second case and review

We describe a case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia with trisomy 5 as the sole cytogenetic anomaly. This is only the second such case reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A review of this rare abnormality and the associated clinical features is presented.
The health of young people in a global context

Abstract Purpose To examine the chief causes and influences of morbidity and mortality among young people throughout the world. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted that included WHO's Global Burden of Disease, UNFPA's State of the Worlds' Population, Medline, Popline, Sociological Abstracts, as well as data collected from UNICEF, UNAIDS, Population Reference Bureau, and the United Nations Headquarters. Experts in the fields of substance use, suicide, and infectious diseases were also contacted for unpublished and published sources. Studies were restricted to those completed after 1985, had a sample size of at least 100, focused primarily on the age group of 10–24 years, and examined trends related to unintentional injuries, HIV/AIDS, suicide, homicide, war, maternal mortality, pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse, and infectious diseases. Results Trends in adolescent morbidity and mortality have shifted over the past decade from predominately infectious to social etiologies. Currently, unintentional injury is the leading killer of young people in nearly every region of the world, with homicide, war, and interpersonal violence following closely behind. Conclusions The changes in population, migration, age of marriage, and education have had profound impact on the mortality and morbidity among adolescents. As we come to learn about the factors that influence adolescent morbidity and mortality, we begin to have a better understanding of how to improve the health of youth throughout the world.
Short-term canine implantation of a glucose monitoring-telemetry device

Abstract In this study we report the development and short-term in vivo evaluation of an integrated implantable device consisting of an amperometric glucose biosensor, a miniature potentiostat, a FM signal transmitter, and power supply. The device (dimensions: 5.0 × 7.0 × 1.5 cm) was implanted under the skin of medium-size anaesthetized dog. The experimental set-up included several methods for data collection: analog recording via wired X-T chart recorders; data collection by wearable microprocessor—data logger, and remote data collection via antenna and receiver linked to a computer-based data acquisition system. The device (sensor) performance was evaluated in vitro prior to implantation, using different model solutions simulating the physiological environment. A linear response to glucose concentration was obtained up to 25 mM glucose, with a sensitivity of 0.5 μA/mM. The results of short-term subcutaneous implantation of the integrated device reveal adequate monitoring of an artificially-induced glycaemia. The delay-time was 3–7 minutes. These tests demonstrate the feasibility of data transmission by the telemetry system through the skin of a medium-sized dog and allow the commencement of chronic in vivo experimentation.
Regulation of Sam68 activity by small heat shock protein 22.

Sam68 associates with c-Src kinase during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that Sam68 functionally replaces and/or synergizes with HIV-1 Rev in rev response element (RRE)-mediated gene expression and virus production. Furthermore, we reported that knockdown of Sam68 inhibited Rev-mediated RNA export and it is absolutely required for HIV-1 production. In the present study, we identified small heat shock protein, hsp22, as a novel interacting partner of Sam68. Hsp22 binds to Sam68 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of hsp22 significantly inhibits Sam68-mediated RRE- as well as CTE (constitutive transport element)-dependent reporter gene expression. Furthermore, exposing 293T cells to heat shock inhibits Sam68/RRE function by virtue of elevating hsp22. The critical domain of hsp22 that interacts with Sam68 resides between amino acids 62 and 133. Our studies provide evidence for the first time that hsp22 specifically binds to Sam68 and modulates its activity, thus playing a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1353–1362, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Links between iron input and opal deposition in the Pleistocene equatorial Pacific Ocean

Iron is often a limiting nutrient in ocean regions that have a constant supply of other macro-nutrients, and changes in iron supply over time have been linked to fluctuations in primary productivity. Marine sediments from the equatorial Pacific Ocean show that over the past million years, iron input was linked to the export and burial of biogenic silica.
Microstructural characterization of an as-quenched HSLA-100 plate steel via transmission electron microscopy

Abstract Detailed analysis of an HSLA-100 steel via transmission electron microscopy revealed a “fully” martensitic microstructure, despite a low carbon content of 0.06 mass%, a fine prior austenite grain size of about 10 μm, and a modest cooling rate of approximately 15 °C/s. Martensite laths typically contained a moderate-to-high dislocation content, and occasional regions of twinned martensite were observed. Laths were contained wholly within single grains of austenite, and about 5% austenite was present in the final as-cooled microstructure. Martensite crystals exhibited the Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship with respect to the parent austenite phase, and multiple variants of this relationship were observed for adjacent packets. Autotempering of martensite resulted in a low volume fraction of cementite precipitates in the largest, first-formed laths.
RDA in Perspective: How to Use the Library Literature to Your Advantage

With the publication of the new cataloging standard, Resource Development and Access (RDA) in June 2010, the follow-up beta testing, and an imminent implementation date announced for the near future, catalogers are immersed in RDA preparation. Consequently, the library literature on RDA is extensive. The purpose of the author of this article is to provide catalogers with a selection of articles that provide job related practical advice as well as a comprehensive synopsis of the development of RDA and its related metadata schema. A relevant timeline is appended.
A ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR PERCUTANEOUS RENAL ACCESS

ABSTRACTPurpose: Percutaneous renal access can be challenging, particularly when the collecting system is not distended. Precise entry into a selected calyx facilitates subsequent percutaneous manipulations, but this skill requires extensive experience. In an attempt to improve accuracy while decreasing technical challenges, we developed a robotic system that automates the task of fluoroscopic image-guided percutaneous needle placement.Materials and Methods: The prototype system consisted of a three degree-of-freedom robot with a needle injector end-effector. Imaging was provided by a biplanar fluoroscope. After correction of image distortion and fluoroscope calibration, robot to image-space registration was completed. To validate the system's ability to insert a needle into a calyx, ex vivo porcine kidneys suspended in agarose gel and distended with iodinated contrast solution were used as a model. In situ renal access tests with three 20 kg. pigs were performed. Access was confirmed by passing a flexibl...
A general study of counterflow diffusion flames at subcritical and supercritical conditions: Oxygen/hydrogen mixtures

Abstract A theoretical framework is established to study the effect of flow strain rate on counterflow diffusion flames for general fluids over the entire thermodynamic regime. The formulation accommodates fundamental thermodynamics and transport theories, along with detailed chemical mechanisms. Both steady and unsteady burning branches of a complete flame-response curve (the S-curve) are considered. An improved two-point flame-controlling continuation method is employed to solve the singularity problem at the turning points on the S-curve. As a specific example, oxygen/hydrogen flames are systematically investigated over a pressure range of 0.5–200 atm. The strain rate is varied from 102 to 108 s−1. Two different inlet temperatures for oxygen (120 and 300 K) and hydrogen (20 and 300 K) are treated to explore flame behaviors at the ideal-gas and cryogenic-liquid states. General flame similarities (in terms of flame temperature, flame thickness, species concentrations, reaction rates, and heat release rate) are developed in a normalized strain-rate space (a/aext) for the entire range of pressures under consideration. Quantitative mapping of flame properties from one pressure to another is obtained. In addition, an analytical model is developed to refine and elucidate a previously established relationship between the heat release rate and pressure and strain rate in the form of q ∼ p 0.534 a . The heat release rate, when normalized with respect to p 0.534 a ext , correlates well with the normalized strain rate (a/aext). Both numerical and analytical results show that the extinction strain rate is approximately proportional to pressure; this allows for a priori mapping of flame solutions between different pressure conditions. This in turn will significantly improve the computational efficiency of combustion modeling using tabulated chemistry, including the flamelet, FGM, and FPI models. Cryogenic inlet temperature affects only the flame location, without discernibly modifying the flame structures, which suggests that the ideal-gas flame solutions can be used for flame tabulation.
Generalized inductive limits of quasidiagonal C⁎-algebras

If A is a unital quasidiagonal C⁎-algebra, we construct a generalized inductive limit BA which is simple, unital and inherits many structural properties from A. If A is the unitization of a non-simple purely infinite algebra (e.g., the cone over a Cuntz algebra), then BA is tracially AF which, among other things, lends support to a conjecture of Toms.
Parallel evaluation of Datalog programs by load sharing

Abstract We propose a method of parallelizing the evaluation of data-intensive Datalog programs. The method is distinguished by the fact that it is pure , i.e., does not require interprocessor communication, or synchronization overhead. The method cannot be used to parallelize every Datalog program, but we syntactically characterize several classes of Datalog programs that are sharable , i.e., programs to which the method can be applied. We also provide a characterization of a class of nonsharable programs, and demonstrate that sharability is a fundamental notion that is independent of the syntactic parallelization method proposed in this paper. This notion is related to bottom-up evaluation (we propose a formal characterization of this type of control-strategies) and to program classification.
The effect of deuteration on the structure of bacterial cellulose.

Abstract In vivo generated deuterated bacterial cellulose, cultivated from 100% deuterated glycerol in D 2 O medium, was analyzed for deuterium incorporation by ionic liquid dissolution and 2 H and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A solution NMR method of the dissolved cellulose was used to determine that this bacterial cellulose had 85% deuterium incorporation. Acetylation and 1 H and 2 H NMR of deuterated bacterial cellulose indicated near equal deuteration at all sites of the glucopyranosyl ring except C-6 which was partly deuterated. Despite the high level of deuterium incorporation no significant differences in the molecular and morphological properties were observed for the deuterated and protio bacterial cellulose samples. The highly deuterated bacterial cellulose presented here can be used as a model substrate for studying cellulose biopolymer properties via future small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies.
The Measurement of Tracer Indium in Rain Samples

Abstract A radiochemical procedure developed to measure precisely nanogram amounts of the indium tracer used in the study of circulations and rain scavenging processes in severe convective storms is described. The tracer indium collected in rainwater is normally associated with sodium, manganese and arsenic as major impurities. The method, therefore, is devised to remove arsenic as sulphide by thioacetamide precipitation followed by the extraction of indium bromide with isopropyl ether. The ether extraction separates it from sodium, manganese and lanthanum which is used as a flux monitor. The final purification of indium, from iron and other extracted impurities like gallium, in a form suitable for counting, is done by cation exchange resin separation.
Test–Retest Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change Using the K4b2: Oxygen Consumption, Gait Efficiency, and Heart Rate for Healthy Adults During Submaximal Walking

Purpose: Oxygen consumption (VO2; mLO2/kg/min), gait efficiency (GE; mlO2/kg/m) and heart rate (HR; beats per minute) are measures of physiological gait performance. However, the collection device, procedures for data normalization, and biological factors can affect measurement variability. The purpose of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability and minimum detectable change (MDC) for VO2, GE, and HR with the K4b2 at submaximal walking speeds in healthy young adults. A second purpose was to determine if net measures improved reproducibility. Method: Twenty-two participants completed 2 identical treadmill tests on separate days at submaximal walking speeds from 0.71 m/s to 1.65 m/s. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for gross VO2, gross GE, and HR were greater than .85 for all walking speeds. Associated MDC values were approximately 7% to 10% for gross VO2 and GE, and approximately 9% to 12% for HR. ICC values for resting VO2 were lower, with MDC values approaching 25%...
Heat stress decreases pulmonary MCP-1 production in endotoxemia

An exaggerated pro-inflammatory response in endotoxemia may lead to multiple organ damage including acute lung injury. Heat stress prior to endotoxemia results in attenuation of inflammation possibly by decreasing cytokine production. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is responsible for monocyte recruitment into the lung in acute lung injury. The objective of this study is to determine if pretreatment with heat results in decreased MCP-1 production in the lungs of endotoxemic rats at a transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Rats were assigned to one of four groups: control, heat alone, heat with or without endotoxin. Rats were made endotoxemic by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. MCP-1 was measured in lavage fluid and MCP-1 mRNA in the lung tissue. Endotoxemia resulted in production of MCP-1. Control and heat alone rats had 21+/-4 vs. 20+/-3 pg/ml, p=0.75. MCP-1 concentration was decreased in the lavage fluid of pre-heated when compared to non-heated endotoxemic rats (37+/-28 vs. 70+/-35 pg/ml, p <0.02 ). However, the MCP-1 mRNA was higher in the heated compared to non-heated endotoxemic rats (1.59+/-0.35 vs. 0.74+/-0.51, MCP-1/beta-actin mRNA, p <0.01). Control and heat alone rats had undetectable mRNA MCP-1 in the lungs. Heat stress prior to endotoxemia results in decreased production of MCP-1 by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
NUTRIENT LEVELS IN CACTI—RELATION TO NOCTURNAL ACID ACCUMULATION AND GROWTH

A B S T R A C T The levels of ten essential nutrients and Na in the chlorenchyma and subjacent parenchyma of ten species of cacti were measured along with the maximal rates of nocturnal acid accumulation. Nutrient levels varied considerably among species; also, soil differences between sites affected levels within Opuntia ficus-indica and O. chlorotica. Compared to most agronomic plants, chlorenchyma levels of Ca, Mg, and Mn in cacti tended to be higher and Na lower. Moreover, Ca tended to accumulate in the chlorenchyma with age. The strongest correlation between nutrient level and a metabolic process for the 11 elements tested was with N, where nocturnal acid accumulation tended to be greater when the N level in the chlorenchyma was higher (r2 = 0.39). Hydroponically grown seedlings of Carnegiea gigantea, Ferocactus acanthodes, and Trichocereus chilensis responded to N fertilization, reaching about 90% of their maximal growth rates when provided with N at 0.25X that in Hoagland's solution (namely, 4 mM nitrate). Nocturnal acid accumulation was negatively correlated with the chlorenchyma Na (r2= 0.32), which averaged only 28 ppm for O.ficus-indica (the root contained considerably more) and 234 ppm for the other species. Growth of seedlings was 50% reduced at about 100 mM NaCl for F. acanthodes, T. chilensis, and C. gigantea, while variations in P had a relatively small effect.
Integraton of mental health data on hospital and community services

Deinstitutionalization accompanied by the growth in community-based psychiatric care resulted in a fragmented public system of mental health care with diverse, partial and often inconsistent sources of patient information. This paper describes the problems associated with integrating hospital and community data sources and outlines procedures for the construction of integrated mental health data systems.
Thermal behavior of resistive ribbon for single-stylus excitation

This paper provides a quantitative description of the heating and cooling behavior of the resistive ribbon used in resistive ribbon thermal transfer printing. Since the focus is upon the ribbon, this description has been facilitated by substituting a single, tapered tungsten stylus as a model for a single printhead element. The experiment used an infrared spot pyrometer to measure ribbon surface temperatures downstream from the stylus while a laminate of ribbon and paper was continuously moved beneath the stylus and subjected to current pulses. Measured cooling rates under steady-state excitation at different ribbon velocities showed a behavior consistent with two simple analytic models which describe heat loss into the stylus during heating and two-dimensional diffusion into a half-plane during cooling. A detailed, time-dependent computer simulation using finite-element methods was used to provide a more detailed description of the process by taking into account the local geometry of the heat input distribution and the layered nature of the ribbon-paper laminate. The resulting three-dimensional temperature distributions are given for the steady-state case.
Some implications of the natural rate hypotheses

Abstract Changes in the anticipated and actual levels of inflation change the incentive to hold monetary and nonmonetary assets. We present a model with a production sector and markets for labor, capital, bonds, and money. The response of the model to changes in the anticipated inflation rate is derived. Restrictions implied by the various natural rate hypotheses are discussed. An asymmetry in the response of the economy to anticipated inflation and deflation makes the natural rate conditions more plausible for inflationary as opposed to deflationary equilibria. A new version of the liquidity trap is suggested by the analysis.
Design of a closely-spaced, multiple-element parasitic antenna array

A new design methodology for a closely-spaced, multiple-element parasitic antenna array is proposed. The design is based on the identified dominant surface wave mechanism. Optimum surface wave phase velocity is first determined for a fixed length array, and the antenna gain, radiation pattern, efficiency and input impedance are presented and optimized. Both numerical simulations and measurements are implemented.
The Martini Synch: Device Pairing via Joint Quantization

Device pairing is a significant problem for a large class of increasingly popular resource-constrained wireless protocols such as Bluetooth. The objective of pairing is to establish a secure wireless communication channel between two specific devices without a public-key infrastructure, a secure near-field communication channel, or electrical contact. In this paper, we use a surprising user-device interaction as a solution to this problem. By adding a 3-axis accelerometer, a device can sense its motion in local Cartesian space relative to the inertial space. The idea is to have two devices in a fixed, relative position to each other. The joint object is then moved randomly in 3D for several seconds. The unique and difficult to reproduce motion generates approximately the same distinct signal at each accelerometer. The difference between the signals in the two inertially conjoined sensors should be relatively small under normal motion induced manually except for a fixed attitude offset. The objective is to derive a deterministic key at both sides with maximized entropy that will be used as a private key for symmetric encryption. Currently, our prototype produces 9-20 bits of entropy per second of usual manual motion using off-the-shelf components.
AORTIC SIZE INDICES: A MORE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF AORTIC RISK

Aortic size is the determining factor for prophylactic intervention on diseased aortas. However, recent studies have shown that dissecting aortas are often sized well below the diameters defined by surgical guidelines. Whether or not adjusting aortic diameters for body size will better categorize
Characterization of a marginal glass former alloy solidified in gas atomized powders

Al90Sm10, a marginal glass former, was rapidly solidified using high pressure gas atomization (HPGA). Rapid solidification is a non-equilibrium process, with different degrees of departure from full equilibrium constituting a microstructural hierarchy that correlates with increasing solidification rate. In accordance with this the resultant HPGA powders show a variety of microstructures according to their particle diameters, corresponding to degree of undercooling, with an amorphous structure appearing at high cooling rates. Five distinct phases and microstructures have been identified at different undercoolings; Al solid solution, tetragonal Al11Sm3, two different orthorhombic phases, and an amorphous phase which exists in company with a high number density of Al nanocrystals. The product phases of the rapid solidification were identified and analyzed using high energy transmission X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and thermal analysis (DSC). The results of the study will be helpful in identifying metastable phase hierarchy and glass formation during vitrification of marginal glass formers.
Resolution of large azygos vein aneurysm following stent-graft shunt placement in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is a rare connective tissue disorder associated with thin-walled, friable arteries and veins predisposing patients to aneurysm formation, dissection, fistula formation, and vessel rupture. Azygos vein aneurysm is an extremely rare condition which has not been reported in association with EDS in the literature. We present a patient with EDS type IV and interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos continuation who developed an azygos vein aneurysm. In order to decrease flow through the azygos vein and reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture, a stent-graft shunt was created from the right hepatic vein to the azygos vein via a transhepatic, retroperitoneal route. At 6 month follow-up the shunt was open and the azygos vein aneurysm had resolved.
Orthogonal polynomial solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation

We have tabulated the form of the coefficientsg1(x) andg2(x) as well as the boundary values [a, b] of the Fokker-Planck equation $$\frac{{\partial P(x, t)}}{{\partial t}} = - \frac{\partial }{{\partial x}}[g_1 (x)P(x, t)] + \frac{{\partial ^2 }}{{\partial x^2 }}[g_2 (x)P(x, t)],a \leqslant x \leqslant b$$ for which the solution can be written as an eigenfunction expansion in the classical orthogonal polynomials. We also discuss the problem of finding solutions in terms of the discrete classical polynomials for the differential difference equations of stochastic processes.
Measurement of the deformation potentials for GaAs using polarized photoluminescence

Abstract The deformation potentials a, b and d for GaAs have been determined from polarized photoluminescence measurements upon a set of epitaxially grown strained GaAs structures possessing varying levels of compressive biaxial lattice strain. X-ray diffraction measurements yield values for the degree of lattice strain while the polarized photoluminescence measurements permit a separate determination to be made of the heavy hole and light hole band energies. Correlation of these data allows for the determination of the deformation potentials within the context of the orbital-strain Hamiltonian.
Automatic pattern acquisition for Japanese information extraction

One of the central issues for information extraction is the cost of customization from one scenario to another. Research on the automated acquisition of patterns is important for portability and scalability. In this paper, we introduce Tree-Based Pattern representation where a pattern is denoted as a path in the dependency tree of a sentence. We outline the procedure to acquire Tree-Based Patterns in Japanese from un-annotated text. The system extracts the relevant sentences from the training data based on TF/IDF scoring and the common paths in the parse tree of relevant sentences are taken as extracted patterns.
Low free T3 levels are related to early mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on chronic liver failure

[1] Maiwall R, Kumar S, Chaudhary AK, Maras J, Wani Z, Kumar C, et al. Serum ferritin predicts early mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2014;61:43–50. [2] Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, Pavesi M, Angeli P, Cordoba J, et al. CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL–CLIF Consortium. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1426–1437. [3] Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simon-Talero M, Amoros A, Pavesi M, Vilstrup H, et al. CANONIC Study Investigators of EASL–CLIF Consortium. Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). J Hepatol 2014;60:275–281. [4] Hepner GW, Chopra IJ. Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver disease. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:1117–1120. [5] Guven K, Kelestimur F, Yucesoy M. Thyroid function tests in nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Eur J Med 1993;2:83–85. [6] Faber J, Thomsen HF, Lumholtz IB, Kirkegaard C, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T. Kinetic studies of thyroxine, 3,5,30-triiodothyronine, 3,3,50-triiodothyronine, 30 ,50-diiodothyronine, 3,30-diiodothyronine, and 30-monoiodothyronine in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:978–984.
Frequency and Outcomes of Cardiac Operations and Catheter Interventions in Turner Syndrome

Cardiac malformations occur commonly in Turner syndrome (TS), but the outcomes of cardiac operations and catheter-based procedures are unknown. The Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium database was queried for individuals with TS and other female subjects without genetic abnormalities or syndromes (non-TS [NTS]). Procedures for left-sided heart lesions represented most TS procedures (95.2%). Three hundred ninety-eight patients with TS who underwent 637 of these procedures of interest were compared with 25,913 female NTS subjects who underwent 56,625 procedures. The numbers of procedures per admission (1.47 vs 1.61, p = 0.01) and per patient (1.85 vs 2.16, p <0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with TS. Procedures for cyanotic heart disease other than hypoplastic left heart (HLH) were performed 4.5-fold less frequently in patients with TS. Patients with TS and NTS subjects had equivalent hospital lengths of stay, except for patients with TS who underwent hypoplastic aortic arch operations, patent ductus arteriosus ligation, pulmonary artery balloon dilation, balloon atrial septostomy, and catheter closure of atrial septal defects. There were 34 deaths among patients with TS and 1,795 among NTS subjects (8.6% vs 7.2%, p = 0.30). When HLH was excluded, mortality was lower in the TS group (3.9% vs 6.5%, p = 0.05). Operations for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (14.3% vs 1.9%, p = 0.03) and HLH (90.4% vs 70.5%, p = 0.08) were more likely to result in death in patients with TS. In conclusion, given generally comparable lengths of stay and numbers of procedures as well as uniformly excellent results, these data suggest that the diagnosis of TS does not increase the utilization of limited health care resources. Operations for HLH and partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection carry additional risk for those with TS. These results will permit risk stratification, prognostication, and counseling of individuals with TS and their families.
A comparative study of the DG-OMEGA (DGΩ), DGII, and GAT method for the structure elucidation of a methylene-acetal linked thymine dinucleotide

Abstract This research continues the investigation of the properties of the recently developed structure elucidation method DG-OMEGA (DGΩ). Towards this end it was applied for the structure determination of a methylene-acetal linked thymine dinucleotide. The performance of DGΩ was compared to the well-established DGII method, and to a genetic algorithm for structure determination in torsion angle space (GAT). Conformations that resulted from these methods were compared before and after a restrained energy minimisation, which included an all-atom AMBER force field. From the present study it was concluded that the sampling and convergence properties of DGΩ for this target molecule were slightly better than for DGII. DGΩ required, however, substantially more computational effort than DGII to arrive at a set of conformations. The GAT method resulted in conformations of inferior quality compared with the DGII and DGΩ structures, but a better defined covalent geometry. More importantly, it was established that the length of the simulated annealing refinement could not be reduced significantly in comparison to DGII despite that, within DGΩ, DGII is iterated by the genetic algorithm. A reduced refinement in DGΩ led to conformations with distorted covalent geometries.
DeCoR: A Delayed Commit and Rollback mechanism for handling inductive noise in processors

Increases in peak current draw and reductions in the operating voltage of processors stress the importance of dealing with voltage fluctuations in processors. Noise-margin violations lead to undesired effects, like timing violations, which may result in incorrect execution of applications. Several recent architectural solutions for inductive noise have been proposed that, unfortunately, have a strong correlation to the underlying power-delivery package model and require a feedback loop that is largely constrained by the voltage/current sensor characteristics. The resulting solutions are not robust across a wide range of microprocessor designs and packaging technologies. This paper proposes a Delayed-commit and rollback scheme (DeCoR) that guarantees correctness, insensitive to the package model or the responsiveness of the voltage sensors. In particular, our approach recovers from, rather than attempting to avoid, voltage emergencies. This approach incurs a small performance penalty when compared to an ideal machine that does not have voltage emergencies. We show that explicit checkpoint-recovery schemes, intended to handle infrequent events, e.g., radiation-induced soft errors, suffer from large performance overheads for frequently-occurring voltage emergencies. DeCoR requires very few modifications to modern processor designs, as it leverages the existing store queue and reorder buffers. Unlike conventional designs that conservatively protect all components of the processor from inductive noise with overly-large timing margins, our approach only requires conservative protection of the architected register state and cache write paths.
Slow motion in [ring‐fluoro]polycarbonate by CODEX

Chain dynamics in [ring-fluoro]polycarbonate (an A-B alternating copolymer that has a single fluorine substituent on every fourth main chain ring) have been characterized by centerband only detection of exchange (CODEX) and rotating-frame 13C spin-lattice relaxation. The slow motions detected by CODEX are facilitated by a mechanically active lattice reorganization that permits a flip of the fluorinated ring about its C2 axis. Nonfluorinated rings undergo small-amplitude reorientations and C2 flips, both of which are fast and not CODEX active. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1062–1066, 2008
Subrings of the Asymptotic Hecke Algebra of Type H 4

The structure of the subring J Γ∩Γ–1 of the asymptotic Hecke algebra is described for Γ a left cell of the Coxeter group of type H 4. A small set of generators over ℤ is produced. The subalgebras spanned by a subset of the basis {t x } x∈Γ∩Γ–1 are determined.
Norms Are What States Make of Them: The Political Psychology of Norm Violation

I examine why states violate norms they embrace as members of international society. The rationalist answer, that norms are violated whenever they conflict with interests, is underspecified and empirically challenged. Constructivists cannot address violations well from their structural, sociological perspective. I argue from political psychology that violations stem from the motivated biases of actors who face a moral dilemma between personal desires and social constraints. These biases compel leaders to interpret norms and situations in a manner that justifies violation as socially acceptable. The ability to do so depends on the norm and the situation. The more parameters a norm possesses, and the more ambiguous those parameters are, the easier it is for actors to interpret them favorably to justify violation. Oftentimes norms are what states make of them. If the situation is plausible for states to claim exemption, they violate; otherwise they are constrained. The U.S. invasion of Panama illustrates these dynamics.
Is there a higher failure rate of allografts compared with autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses.

Purpose Multiple meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest available level of evidence, have been conducted to determine whether autograft or allograft tissue provides superior clinical outcomes and structural healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, results are discordant. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of meta-analyses comparing ACLR with autografts and allografts to elucidate the cause of discordance and to determine which meta-analyses provide the current best available evidence. Methods In this study we evaluated available scientific support for autograft versus allograft use in ACLR by systematically reviewing the literature for published meta-analyses. Data regarding patient outcomes and structural healing were extracted from these meta-analyses. Meta-analysis quality was assessed using the Oxman-Guyatt and Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) systems. The Jadad algorithm was then applied to determine which meta-analyses provided the highest level of evidence. Results Eight meta-analyses containing a total of 15,819 patients met the eligibility criteria, 2 of which included Level II evidence and 6 of which included Level III/IV evidence. Four meta-analyses found no differences between autografts and allografts for patient outcomes, whereas 4 found autografts superior in one or more respects. Four meta-analyses reported higher graft rupture rates in the allograft group, and 2 found superior hop test performance in autograft-treated patients. Six meta-analyses had low Oxman-Guyatt scores ( Conclusions According to this systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses comparing autografts and allografts for ACLR, the current best available evidence suggests no differences in rupture rates and clinical outcomes. Lower quality meta-analyses indicate that autografts may provide a lower rerupture rate, better hop test performance, and better objective knee stability than do allografts. Level of Evidence Systematic review of Level II, III, and IV meta-analyses.