cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pilot Initiative of Fitness Testing for Treatment Selection in Elderly Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Introduction: The optimal treatment of older patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is unclear. Traditional induction chemotherapy is less effective in older patients and often more toxic. Clinical trials for elderly AML patients feature inclusion/exclusion criteria based on "fitness" for chemotherapy that often include subjective assessments and variable enrollment criteria. Determining "fitness" remains controversial, and there are few validated objective markers to assist in determining whether a patient is "fit" or "unfit" for intensive induction chemotherapy. Previously published work identified a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score Methods: Beginning December 2015, patients age ≥ 60 who presented with new or relapsed AML were evaluated using the 3MS and SPPB tests. To increase objectivity, the 3MS and SPPB tests were performed by a non-treating provider when possible. Patients who were determined to be a fall risk by history had their SPPB test performed by a specially trained physical therapist. Scores were made immediately available to the treating physician and were used as a guide to determine if the patient was "fit" for intensive therapy or "unfit". If "unfit" the patient was evaluated for a clinical trial for "unfit" patients, hypomethylating agents or best supportive care (BSC). Scores were taken into context with age and comorbidities for treatment decisions. Results: Testing was feasible using the SPPB and 3MS and easy to implement, with testing taking approximately 15 minutes. A total of 21 new or relapsed AML patients have been evaluated. The median age was 72, ranging from age 60-83. There were10 male and 11 female patients. Three patients had relapsed disease. Fifteen patients had evaluable data >60 days. Seven were determined "fit" for intensive chemotherapy. Median SPPB and 3MS scores were 9 and 95, respectively. Six achieved remission following intensive induction therapy. One patient underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant and remains in remission. Three relapses occurred at days 44, 50 and 54 from initial induction therapy. Two deaths occurred from relapsed disease at days 148 and 175 from initial induction and one death from infection at day 54 during consolidation therapy. Eight patients were determined to be "unfit" for intensive chemotherapy. Median SPPB and 3MS scores were 5 and 93, respectively. Two patients received BSC based on clinical judgement and died at days 32 and 50 from initial diagnosis. Both were the only patients of 21 evaluated to have a 3MS score Conclusion: Performance of the SPPB and 3MS tests on patients age ≥ 60 is feasible and should be considered at diagnosis for elderly AML patients. Our group found that the use of objective measures was most helpful in identifying the two patients who had impaired cognition at baseline with 3MS scores Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Microbiota upregulate distinct APC functions in each intestinal dendritic cell subset, in a Myd88-independent fashion

While dendritic cells (DCs) are known to control T cell responses to pathogens, how dynamics between DCs and microbiota impact mucosal T cells is poorly defined. To understand how microbiota impact APC functions of intestinal DCs, we use DCs lacking A20, a signaling attenuator, to amplify DC responses to microbiota. We find each intestinal DC subset possesses unique APC functions that enforces strict subset-specific rules to DC-instruction of either IFNg + or IL-17 + T cells. While CD103 + CD11b − DCs have potent abilities to instruct IFNg + T cells, these DCs do not induce IL-17 + T cells. In mirror image, CD103 + CD11b + DCs induce robust numbers of IL-17 + T cells, but induce no IFNg + T cells. By contrast, CD103 − CD11b + DCs possess dual abilities to instruct IFNg + and IL-17 + T cells. Interestingly, distinct mechanisms govern IFNg- and IL-17-inducing APC functions of intestinal DCs: While CD80/86 is required for DC-instruction of IFNg + T cells, DC-instruction of IL-17 + T cells requires IL-6. We further show that MyD88, although notorious in ability to upregulate APC functions, are not required to upregulate APC functions of intestinal CD103 + DCs. In support of this, we find that mice with DC specific loss of both A20 and MyD88 spontaneously develop inflammation of small intestine. Finally, we ablate CD103 − CD11b + DCs and CD103 + CD11b + DCs and find that these DCs are required for expansion of pathological Th17 cells. These results suggest that microbiota trigger distinct APC functions in different DC subsets and that in the context of intestinal inflammation and disease, there are defined teacher-student relationships between specific DC subsets and specific mucosal T cells.
Trends in dermatology practices and the implications for the workforce

Background The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) practice profile surveys have been conducted for more than a decade to gauge trends in our workforce supply and demand. Objective To update the trends and current workforce issues for the field of dermatology. Methods The AAD Practice Profile Survey is sent by both e-mail and postal mail to a random sample of practicing dermatologists who are AAD members. Results Shifts are noted in the primary practice setting; fewer dermatologists are in solo practice and more are in group practices than in previous years. Teledermatology use trended upward from 7% to 11% between 2012 and 2014. The implementation of electronic health records increased from 51% in 2011 to 70% in 2014. Limitations There is potential for response bias and inaccurate self-reporting. Survey responses collected may not be representative of all geographic areas. Conclusion The demand for dermatology services remains strong. Shifts in the practice setting may be related to increases in overhead costs that are partially associated with the implementation of technology-based medical records. Integration of electronic health records and utilization of telemedicine are increasing.
Graphene electronic tattoo sensors (Conference Presentation)

Tattoo-like epidermal sensors are an emerging class of truly wearable electronics owing to their thinness and softness. While most of them are based on thin metal films, silicon membrane, or nanoparticle-based printable inks, we report the first demonstration of sub-micron thick, multimodal electronic tattoo sensors that are made of graphene. The graphene electronic tattoo (GET) is designed with filamentary serpentines and fabricated by a cost- and time-effective “wet transfer, dry patterning” method. It has a total thickness of 463 ± 30 nm, an optical transparency of ~85%, and a stretchability of more than 40%. GET can be directly laminated on human skin just like a temporary tattoo and can fully conform to the microscopic morphology of the surface of skin via just van der Waals forces. The open mesh structure of GET makes it breathable and its stiffness negligible. Bare GET is able to stay attached to skin, for several hours, without fracture or delamination. With liquid bandage coverage, GET may stay functional on skin up to several days. As a dry electrode, GET-skin interface impedance is on par with medically used silver/silver-chloride (Ag/AgCl) gel electrodes, while offering superior comfort, mobility and reliability. GET has been successfully applied to measure electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), skin temperature, and skin hydration. Graphene represents a new facile route for ultra-conformable multifunctional electronic tattoos, and paves the path for the introduction of other two dimensional materials for future advanced tattoo systems.
The Vulnerability of Tolerant Pluralism

This chapter considers threats to tolerant pluralism facing Europe and the United States from resurgent nationalism and Islamist terrorism. The chapter suggest that similar issues were faced in Europe in the early sixteenth-century as radical sects tried to break away from the sacralist, monist vision of each territory having only one overarching vision of the social good.
Analysing the Learning Commons in the Digital Age

As the evolution of information ecosystems has accelerated across higher education, learning commons have become iconic places celebrating the changing nature of student learning. These places have become important symbolic centres in higher education today, combining the goals of equitable education together with access to unprecedented layers of curated information. Yet, educators and administrators have found it difficult to describe and analyse how learning processes are changing and how the layered and deeply interrelated learning behaviours of students are changing over time. But in a larger sense, the space of a shared commons dedicated to learning has the potential to function not just as a place of associated symbolic meaning, but also as an adaptive system in itself; not just the setting for observing changing ways of learning, but an active participant in shaping a landscape of change . We introduce a theoretical model, research method and case study in order to better understand the collective nature of learning in the commons, how space and learning are interrelated in these spaces, and how learning commons can be managed to actively adapt to the specific needs of institutions.
Robust Machine Learning Variable Importance Analyses of Medical Conditions for Health Care Spending.

Objective To propose nonparametric double robust machine learning in variable importance analyses of medical conditions for health spending. Data sources 2011-2012 Truven MarketScan database. Study design I evaluate how much more, on average, commercially insured enrollees with each of 26 of the most prevalent medical conditions cost per year after controlling for demographics and other medical conditions. This is accomplished within the nonparametric targeted learning framework, which incorporates ensemble machine learning. Previous literature studying the impact of medical conditions on health care spending has almost exclusively focused on parametric risk adjustment; thus, I compare my approach to parametric regression. Principal findings My results demonstrate that multiple sclerosis, congestive heart failure, severe cancers, major depression and bipolar disorders, and chronic hepatitis are the most costly medical conditions on average per individual. These findings differed from those obtained using parametric regression. Conclusions The literature may be underestimating the spending contributions of several medical conditions, which is a potentially critical oversight. If current methods are not capturing the true incremental effect of medical conditions, undesirable incentives related to care may remain. Further work is needed to directly study these issues in the context of federal formulas.
Neurodiversity in the Art Classroom: A Student's Perspective

To accept neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism, art education students can benefit from understanding the neurodiversity paradigm (Walker, 2013).As an autistic person who recently complet...
Introduction to Marine Pollution

The ocean plays a key role in cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and a variety of other important chemicals. Ocean chemistry has been changing due to human activities, both regionally in coastal waters and in the open ocean. Some of the greatest impacts are on carbon, nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen, which affect biological productivity. The rate of primary production is determined primarily by light and nutrients. Decades of pollution of marine waters, along with coastal habitat destruction, overfishing and bottom trawling have had devastating impacts on biodiversity and habitats. The increasing demand for seafood worldwide has depleted fish populations and devastated the economic well-being of coastal communities. At the same time, climate change is altering the oceans in major ways that we are only beginning to understand.
Design and Fabrication of VLSI Devices

VLSI chips are manufactured in fabrication facility usually referred to as a “fab”. A fab is a collection of manufacturing facilities and “clean rooms”, where wafers are processed through a variety of cutting, sizing, polishing, deposition, etching and cleaning operations. Clean room is a term used to describe a closed environment where air quality must be strictly regulated. The number and size of dust particles allowed per unit volume is specified by the classification standard of the clean room. Usually space-suit like overalls and other dress gear is required for humans so that they do not contaminate the clean room. The cleanliness of air in a fab is a critical factor, since dust particle cause major damage to the chips and thereby determine the overall yield of the fabrication process. The key factor which describes the fab in terms of technology is minimum feature size it is capable of manufacturing. For example, a fab which runs a 0.35 micron fabrication process is simply referred to as a 0.35 micron fab.
Updates in nephrology: A summary of common diagnoses encountered in the clinical practice

This article includes a review of hypertension, nephrolithiasis and cystic diseases of the kidney, all quite common diagnoses. These days, as concerns are growing, some are considering diabetes mellitus to be a national epidemic. Thus, our entire article focuses on the diabetic renal disease. The current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency is discussed, including treatment modalities such as dialysis and transplantation. This article is not at all intended to be a comprehensive review of each topic included, but rather it is an attempt to make the reader more familiar with the fascinating and continuously evolving field of nephrology.
Right Weakly Regular Rings: A Survey

A ring is right weakly regular (r.w.r.) if every right ideal of the ring is idempotent. Such rings are also called fully right idempotent. This paper gives a survey of the theory of r.w.r. rings and some closely allied topics, from its origins in the early 1950’s up to the present state-of-the-art. The paper contains sections on: equivalent conditions, examples and constructions, and related conditions.
The Utility of Correlations Between Model Flow Studies and Vessel Pathology in Describing Atherogenesis

The list of hemodynamic factors which have been speculated to be associated with atherogenesis is long indeed. Among them are high wall shear stress, low wall shear rate, high pressure, locally low pressure, turbulence and oscillating wall shear. While studies of effects of each of these flow related phenomena upon the arterial wall undoubtedly contribute to general biological knowledge, such investigations may be but remotely related to the question of atherogenesis. Surprisingly, it has only been recently that the distribution of lesions in given anatomical regions of human subjects has been correlated with quantitative fluid dynamic measurements, thus allowing a sharper focus upon the potentially relevant hemodynamic atherogenic factors.
The Ethics of Court-Mandated Cesarean Sections.

Recently, in certain parts of the country, we have seen a shift in the way society, its laws, and the medical community respond to pregnant women. Where the focus had been on the pregnant woman and her well-being, it has now shifted to the infant and, at times, the well-being of the fetus at the
Anhedonia in Depression: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Therapeutics

Abstract Anhedonia—defined behaviorally by persistently low motivation and inability to experience pleasure—is common to depressive disorders and portends worse long-term course. Although it has been recognized as a feature of chronic and recurrent depression since the late 19th Century, specifying the etiopathophysiology of anhedonia is a recent development. In this chapter, we selectively review genetic, neural, and epigenetic mechanisms of anhedonia, as well as environmental influences on the trait. Recent conceptualizations describe anhedonia as transdiagnostic and, therefore, not specific to depressive disorders. This observation helps to explain historically perplexing patterns of comorbidity between depression and other psychiatric conditions. Although assessment of anhedonia is relatively straightforward, its neural substrates present challenges for therapeutic intervention. We discuss these challenges and provide suggestions for future research.
Listening Lessons in the Early Childhood Music Classroom

In this column, we encourage early childhood music teachers to include music listening lessons in their teaching. We suggest five guiding principles for music listening lessons: selecting varied re...
Coarse particulate organic matter dynamics in ephemeral tributaries of a Central Appalachian stream network

Headwater ephemeral tributaries are interfaces between uplands and downstream waters. Terrestrial coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) is important in fueling aquatic ecosystems; however, the extent to which ephemeral tributaries are functionally connected to downstream waters through fluvial transport of CPOM has been little studied. Hydrology and deposition of leaf and wood, and surrogate transport (Ginkgo biloba leaves and wood dowels) were measured over month-long intervals through the winter and spring seasons (6 months) in 10 ephemeral tributaries (1.3-5.4 ha) in eastern Kentucky. Leaf deposition and surrogate transport varied over time, reflecting the seasonality of litterfall and runoff. Leaf deposition was higher in December than February and May but did not differ from January, March, and April. Mean percent of surrogate leaf transport from the ephemeral tributaries was highest in April (3.6% per day) and lowest in February (2.5%) and May (2%). Wood deposition and transport had similar patterns. No CPOM measures were related to flow frequency. Ephemeral tributaries were estimated to annually contribute 110.6 kg AFDM·km-1·yr-1 of leaves to the downstream mainstem. Ephemeral tributaries are functionally connected to downstream waters through CPOM storage and subsequent release that is timed when CPOM is often limited in downstream waters.
Dewetting-induced formation and mechanical properties of synthetic bacterial outer membrane models (GUVs) with controlled inner-leaflet lipid composition

The double-membrane cellular envelope of Gram-negative bacteria enables them to endure harsh environments and represents a barrier to many clinically available antibiotics. The outer membrane (OM) is exposed to the environment and is the first point of contact involved in bacterial processes such as signaling, pathogenesis, and motility. As in the cytoplasmic membrane, the OM in Gram-negative bacteria has a phospholipid-rich inner leaflet and an outer leaflet that is predominantly composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report on a microfluidic technique for fabricating monodisperse asymmetric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) possessing the Gram-negative bacterial OM lipid composition. Our continuous microfluidic fabrication technique generates 50-150 μm diameter water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions at high-throughput. The water-oil and oil-water interfaces facilitate the self-assembly of phospholipid and LPS molecules to create the inner and outer leaflets of the lipid bilayer, respectively. The double emulsions have ultrathin oil shells, which minimizes the amount of residual organic solvent that remains trapped between the leaflets of the GUV membrane. An extraction process by ethanol and micropipette aspiration of the ultrathin oil shells triggers an adhesive interaction between the two lipid monolayers assembled on the water-oil and oil-water interfaces (i.e., dewetting transition), forcing them to contact and form a lipid bilayer membrane. The effect of different inner-leaflet lipid compositions on the emulsion/vesicle stability and the dewetting transition is investigated. We also report on the values for bending and area expansion moduli of synthetic asymmetric model membranes with lipid composition/architecture that is physiologically relevant to the OM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
Not So Different? Student and Professional Perceptions of Mobile Phone Etiquette in Meetings:

Previous studies have noted the difficulties students have in understanding and adapting to professional workforce policies, especially mobile device usage and e-etiquette. This study focuses on de...
Numerical evaluation of a novel passive variable friction damper for vibration mitigation

Abstract This study assesses the performance of a novel passive variable friction damper (PVFD) at mitigating wind- and seismic-induced vibrations. The PVFD consists of two friction plates upon which a cam profile modulates the normal force as a function of its rotation. A unique feature of the PVFD is its customizable shape, yielding a customizable friction hysteresis. The objective of the study is to assess the benefits of crafting the friction behavior to satisfy motion criteria. This is done numerically on two example buildings: a 5-story structure subjected to seismic loads, and a 20-story structure subjected to non-simultaneous seismic and wind loads. A probabilistic performance-based design procedure is introduced to select the optimum cam configurations throughout each building under the design loads. After that, numerical simulations are conducted to compare their performance against that of two equivalent damping schemes: viscous dampers and passive friction dampers. Results show that customization of the hysteresis behaviors throughout a structure is necessary to yield optimal performance. Also, the PVFD outperforms the other damping schemes for wind mitigation by yielding a more stable response in terms of lower accelerations over the entire wind event. Under seismic loads, all three damping schemes exhibited comparable performance, but the PVFD yielded a significantly more uniform drift for the 20-story building.
Not One More! Feminicidio on the Border, by Nina Maria Lozano: The Ohio State UP, 2019, 158 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-8142-5518-6

Not One More! Feminicidio on the Border provides a rhetorical historiography of feminicidios in Ciudad Juarez, archives the voices of family members of victims, and expands the boundaries of theori...
Impact of UTUC on Outcomes of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

Introduction There is a paucity of information regarding impact of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) on the patterns of BCG response in patients with NMIBC treated with BCG. We present the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with a history of NMIBC and UTUC treated with intravesical BCG and evaluate the impact of UTUC on BCG response and progression. Methods An IRB approved review of patients with NMIBC patients treated with at least induction BCG at our institution between 2000 and 2018 was performed. Patients were then stratified by (1) presence of UTUC and (2) time of UTUC onset (prior to NMIBC diagnosis vs synchronous or metachronous disease). Outcomes were calculated from date of index transurethral resection. Results Of 577 patients who received BCG induction for NMIBC, 63 (11%) patients were diagnosed with UTUC. Of these, 36 patients had a history of UTUC prior to NMIBC (median 344 days prior, IQR 211 – 821 days), while 27 developed UTUC after diagnosis of NMIBC (8 synchronous and 19 metachronous, median 350 days after, IQR 25-833 days). There was no difference between the UTUC and no UTUC groups, except that the UTUC group had more multifocal bladder tumors (71% vs 50%, P=0.002) and prostatic urethral involvement (12% vs 5%, P=0.023). The UTUC group had more non-responders to BCG with respect to recurrence (60% vs. 36%, P=0.0002), any stage/grade progression (25% vs 11%, P=0.005), and progression to muscle invasive or metastatic disease (18% vs 8%, P=0.016). There was no significant difference in rates of recurrence or progression based on timing of UTUC with respect to bladder tumor, albeit this analysis is limited by small numbers. Conclusions Presence of UTUC – whether prior to or after diagnosis of bladder cancer - was associated with an almost 2-fold increased recurrence and progression rate following BCG. This should be factored in when counselling patients and designing cohorts for clinical trials.
Is Developmental Screening Enough in High-Risk Populations?

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics ASQ — : Ages & Stages Questionnaire BASC-2 — : Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 CHD — : congenital heart disease In this issue of Pediatrics , Sananes et al1 leverage the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial to describe developmental and behavioral concerns in a cohort of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related single right ventricle conditions. The Pediatric Heart Network recognized the importance of conducting developmental screening as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)2,3 in this population at high risk for neurodevelopmental concerns. The researchers evaluate how well a diagnostic developmental evaluation at 14 months of age, with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II,4 and developmental screening at 3, 4, and 5 years of age, with the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ),5 predicted the outcome of “developmental functioning” as measured by the Adaptive Score on the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2)6 at 6 years of age. There were some correlations between early developmental evaluations and later outcomes at age 6 years, such as a “failure” (scoring 2 SDs below the mean) on the Psychomotor Developmental Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II … Address correspondence to Susan Wiley, MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, ML 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: susan.wiley{at}cchmc.org
ITER cold VDEs in the limit of perfectly conducting walls

Recently, it has been shown that a vertical displacement event (VDE) can occur in ITER even when the walls are perfect conductors, as a consequence of the current quench (CQ) [A. H. Boozer, Phys. Plasmas 26, 114501 (2019)]. We used the extended-MHD code M3D-C1 with an ITER-like equilibrium and induced a CQ to explore cold VDEs in the limit of perfectly conducting walls, using different wall geometries. In the case of a rectangular first wall with the side walls far away from the plasma, we obtained very good agreement with the analytical model developed by Boozer that considers a top/bottom flat-plates wall. We show that the solution in which the plasma remains at the initial equilibrium position is improved when bringing the side walls closer to the plasma. When approximating the ITER first wall as a perfect conductor, the plasma remains stable at the initial equilibrium position far beyond the value predicted by the flat-plates wall limit. When considering an opposite limit in which only the inner shell of the ITER vacuum vessel acts as a perfect conductor, the plasma is displaced during the CQ, but the edge safety factor remains above 2 longer in the current decay compared to the flat-plates wall limit. In all the simulated cases, the VDE is found to be strongly dependent on the plasma current, in agreement with a similar finding in the flat-plates wall limit, showing an important difference with hot VDEs in which the CQ is not a necessary condition.
Climate Geoengineering and the Role of Public Deliberation: A Comment on the us National Academy of Sciences’ Recommendations on Public Participation

The feckless response of the world community to the mounting threat of climate change has led to a growing interest in climate geoengineering research. In early 2015, the US National Academy of Sciences released two major reports on the topic. While it is notable that both reports recommended some form of public participation to inform research, this article argues that the vagueness of these recommendations could mean that their implementation might not comport with optimal approaches for public deliberation. We outline some options for public deliberation on climate geoengineering and important design considerations.
The Impact of Community Work: How to Gather Evidence: by Karen Mcardle, Sue Briggs, Kirsty Forrester, Ed Garrett & Catherine Makay, Policy Press, 2020, 228 pp., $69.16 (paperback) ISBN 978-1447343943

Finding ways to measure effectiveness and evaluate the impact of the work that community workers do is essential. In the context of disaster recovery, which is particularly relevant in Australia cu...
Self and Society: Narcissism, Collectivism, and the Development of Morals

The relation between individual and collective processes is central to the social sciences, yet difficult to conceptualize because of the necessity of crossing disciplinary boundaries. The result is that researchers in different disciplines construct their own implicit, and often unsatisfactory, models of either individual or collective phenomena, which in turn influence their theoretical and empirical work. In this 1985 book, Drew Westen attempts to cross these boundaries, proposing an interdisciplinary approach to personality, to culture, and to the relation between the two. Throughout the book, Westen provides reviews of a variety of fields, including personality theory, moral development, ego development, and culture theory. His book will appeal to students and scholars in all the social sciences, as well as to any reader concerned with understanding the relation between individuals and the world in which they live.
Metadata Management Operators in the Ophidia Framework

This report provides a description of some of the most important Ophidia operators designed and developed with the aim of providing an effective and efficient method of managing and manipulating metadata. It presents also the structure of the metadata storage model and the XML/DTD schema for operators validation.
Mutations in the Human δ-Sarcoglycan Gene in Familial and Sporadic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, a Disease of the Cytoskeleton and Sarcolemma

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality due to congestive heart failure and rhythm abnormalities. Approximately 30% of cases are familial (FDCM), with the remainder appearing sporadically. Autosomal dominant inheritance is the most common form of FDCM, although X-linked disease is also well described. Two genes have been identified for the X-linked forms (dystrophin and tafazzin), whereas three genes have been identified …
Simulations between Programs as Cellular Automata

We present cellular automata on appropriate digraphs and show that any covered normal logic program is a cellular automaton. Seeing programs as cellular automata shifts attention from classes of Herbrand models to orbits of Herbrand interpretations. Orbits capture both the declarative, model-theoretic meaning of programs as well as their inferential behavior. Logically and intentionally different programs can produce orbits that simulate each other. Simple examples of such behavior are compellingly exhibited with space-time diagrams of the programs as cellular automata. Construing a program as a cellular automaton leads to a general method for simulating any covered program with a Horn clause program. This means that orbits of Horn programs are completely representative of orbits of covered normal programs.
Biological significance of focal adhesion kinase in ovarian cancer: role in migration and invasion.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by integrin clustering. There are limited data regarding the functional role of FAK in ovarian cancer migration and invasion. In the current study, FAK expression was evaluated in ovarian cell lines (nontransformed and cancer), 12 benign ovarian samples, and in 79 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers. All three ovarian cancer cell lines overexpressed FAK compared to the nontransformed cells. The dominant-negative construct called FAK-related nonkinase (FRNK) was introduced into two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and 222). FRNK promoted FAK dephosphorylation without changing total FAK levels in these cell lines. Furthermore, FRNK decreased the in vitro invasive ability of ovarian cancer cells by 56 to 85% and decreased migration by 52 to 68%. FRNK-transfected cells also displayed poor cell spreading. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the surface epithelium from all benign ovarian samples had weak FAK expression. In contrast, 68% of invasive ovarian cancers overexpressed FAK. FAK overexpression was significantly associated with high tumor stage, high tumor grade, positive lymph nodes and presence of distant metastasis (all P values 1 cm were independent predictors of poor survival. These data indicate that FAK is overexpressed in most invasive ovarian cancers and plays a functionally significant role in ovarian cancer migration and invasion. Thus, FAK may be an important therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma.
Cyberhope or Cyberhype?: Computers and Scholarly Research

Abstract: With the expansion of electronic products and services for libraries, two questions continue to demand our attention. What is the impact of new tools on scholarly research? And how is scholarship affected by libraries' decisions to remake or reorganize themselves so as to accommodate new technologies? This paper looks at the social and political implications of various electronic tools, especially in the humanities, and particularly in literary fields. Resume: La proliferation de produits et services electroniques disponibles dans les bibliotheques souleve deux questions qui ne cessent de requerir notre attention. Quel est l'impact de nouvelles technologies sur la recherche savante? Et quels sont les effects sur la recherche lorsque les bibliotheques decident de se refaconner ou de se reorganiser pour mieux s'accommoder de nouveaux outils technologies? Cet article se propose de discuter des questions sociales et politiques soulevees par un certain nombre d'outils electroniques dans les humanites et surtout dans les domaines litteraires.
Small-strain dynamic mechanical behavior of magnetorheological fluids entrained in foams

An oscillatory double-lap-shear configuration was used to study the dynamic mechanical properties in shear of magnetorheological (MR) fluids entrained in open-cell polyurethane foams. The dynamic viscoelastic mechanical properties of the fluid were studied by varying strain amplitude, frequency, and magnetic field strength. We find that these samples exhibit linear viscoelastic behavior below a threshold level of strain and only in zero applied magnetic field. Above the critical strain, and in applied magnetic fields, they behave as nonlinear viscoelastic materials with significant damping capacity that is strongly dependent on the field applied perpendicular to the direction of strain. For example, the energy dissipated by the material increases by over an order of magnitude when the flux density is increased from 0 to 0.6 Tesla. In addition, the magnitude of the complex modulus increases from 170 kPa in 0 Tesla to over 2 MPa with an applied flux density of 0.6 Tesla. We also found that the overall dynamic mechanical material properties changed very little with applied mechanical frequency in the range studied, 0.1 to 10 Hz.
Surgery of the Trachea

Surgical procedures on the trachea have only been undertaken within the past 50 years. Knowing the unique blood supply of the trachea and how to reduce tension on any anastomosis are key to a successful outcome. Tracheal conditions requiring surgery usually present with shortness of breath on exertion, and preoperative evaluation involves computed tomography and rigid bronchoscopy. Tracheal resection and reconstruction can be safely performed with excellent outcomes by following a well-described technique.
The journal project: qualitative computing and the technology/ aesthetics divide in qualitative research

La investigacion cualitativa del siglo veintiuno se encuentra en una encrucijada, al enfrentar el doble desafio de las nuevas tecnologias para realizar investigacion y la poderosa corriente de interes de la investigacion basada en el arte (que incluye biografia y autoetnografia). El proyecto del diario, un estudio de dieciocho meses de mis diarios personales, tiene como objetivo demostrar como esta tension se puede abordar desde la investigacion cualitativa. En este articulo, describo como combine el uso de software de analisis de datos cualitativos con enfoques humanistas a la investigacion cualitativa, digamos, investigacion basada en el arte y biografia o autoetnografia. Identifico cinco etapas de actividad visual (creacion de datos, organizacion de datos, respuestas principales, respuestas secundarias, y conservacion) y describo como los componentes visuales intersectan y apoyan el trabajo en el software de computacion cualitativa (NVivo de QSR). Hoy dia, los investigadores cualitativos (como cualquier persona) estan inmersos en las oportunidades de la digitalizacion y sus posibilidades visuales, y es extremadamente importante que aprendamos a aprovechar el potencial de estas herramientas para nuestro trabajo. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1202152
Genetic analysis of a "double male" strain of Escherichia coli K-12.

ABSTRACT The behavior of a double male strain of Escherichia coli K12 has been compared to that of its parents and a primary F9 strain carrying F14 in order to determine whether the genome of the double male, responsible for the double origin mode of gene transmission, is composed of one or two linkage groups. F-prime plasmids carrying leu and pyrB and argG and metC have been detected following mating an F - recA - recipient with the double male. Their existence strongly supports the contention that the double male is composed of a single linkage group with two integrated sex factors. Data from acridine orange curing experiments places the frequency of double male cells in the population of growing cells in the two-chromosome configuration as less than one percent. Evidence for a unique origin and terminus of DNA replication deduced by the density labelling and transduction of double male DNA supports the contention that the double male is best considered a cell with a single chromosome carrying two integrated F plasmids.
A suite of activity-based probes for human cytochrome P450 enzymes

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes regulate a variety of endogenous signaling molecules and play central roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs. We recently showed that an aryl alkyne serves as an effective activity-based probe for profiling mouse liver microsomal P450s in vitro and in vivo. However, individual P450s display distinct substrate and inhibitor specificities, indicating that multiple probe structures may be required to achieve comprehensive coverage of this large and diverse enzyme family. Here, we have synthesized a suite of P450-directed, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) probes that contain: (1) varied chemical architectures validated as mechanism-based inhibitors of the P450 enzyme family, and (2) terminal alkyne groups for click chemistry conjugation of reporter tags. This set of probes was screened against a wide cross-section of human P450s, leading to the discovery of an optimal set of probes that provide broad coverage of this enzyme family. We used these probes to profil...
Heteroblasty and the Evolution of Flowering Phenologies.

Abstract Flowering phenologies have rarely been examined from a developmental perspective. The production of a flower or inflorescence, however, is an integral part of the ontogeny and architecture of an organism. As a result, basic features of plant developmental morphology have the potential to define options for variation in phenology and to determine, in part, the consequences of this variation for other life‐history traits. Two interrelated models of morphological evolution are applied to the analysis of variation in phenology. These models identify the developmental processes of dissociation and addition/deletion as potentially powerful mechanisms of change in the timing of flower production. As a consequence of heteroblasty and architectural features of plant shoots, however, changes in flowering time that occur via dissociation and addition/deletion result inevitably in altered vegetative morphology. If these vegetative characters influence fitness, then response to selection for earlier or later ...
Sleep and circadian rhythms: key components in the regulation of energy metabolism.

In this review, we present evidence from human and animal studies to evaluate the hypothesis that sleep and circadian rhythms have direct impacts on energy metabolism, and represent important mechanisms underlying the major health epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The first part of this review will focus on studies that support the idea that sleep loss and obesity are “interacting epidemics.” The second part will discuss recent evidence that the circadian clock system plays a fundamental role in energy metabolism at both the behavioral and molecular levels. These lines of research must be seen as in their infancy, but nevertheless, have provided a conceptual and experimental framework that potentially has great importance for understanding metabolic health and disease.
Nonlinear baroclinic adjustment

Abstract The concept of baroclinic adjustment is reexamined in the context of a fully nonlinear two-layer model on a β-plane. Based on our results we propose a single, conceptually very simple mechanism of the nonlinear equilibration of waves and the mean flow, which we term “nonlinear baroclinic adjustment.” The new concept appears applicable to cases that currently require different explanations, varying from case to case, to account for the equilibration of the mean temperature gradient in the presence of external driving.
Neuronostatin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via direct action on the pancreatic α-cell

Neuronostatin is a recently described peptide hormone encoded by the somatostatin gene. We previously showed that intraperitoneal injection of neuronostatin into mice resulted in c-Jun accumulation in pancreatic islets in a pattern consistent with the activation of glucagon-producing α-cells. We therefore hypothesized that neuronostatin could influence glucose homeostasis via a direct effect on the α-cell. Neuronostatin enhanced low-glucose-induced glucagon release in isolated rat islets and in the immortalized α-cell line αTC1-9. Furthermore, incubation with neuronostatin led to an increase in transcription of glucagon mRNA, as determined by RT-PCR. Neuronostatin also inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets. However, neuronostatin did not alter insulin release from the β-cell line INS 832/13, indicating that the effect of neuronostatin on insulin secretion may be secondary to a direct action on the α-cell. In agreement with our in vitro data, intra-arterial infusion of neuronostatin in male rats delayed glucose disposal and inhibited insulin release during a glucose challenge. These studies suggest that neuronostatin participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis through cell-cell interactions between α-cells and β-cells in the endocrine pancreas, leading to attenuation in insulin secretion.
A strain of Fujinami sarcoma virus which is temperature-sensitive in protein phosphorylation and cellular transformation

Abstract Cells infected by one strain of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) are transformed at 38°C but are phenotypically normal at 41.5°C. FSV encodes a 140,000 molecular weight protein (P140) with gag gene-related and FSV-specific peptide sequences. At 41.5°C, P140 is weakly phosphorylated at serine residues, and is inactive in the immune complex protein kinase assay. At 38°C, P140 is highly phosphorylated, contains phosphotyrosine in addition to phosphoserine, and in the immune complex kinase assay becomes phosphorylated at three tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation of cellular polypeptides at tyrosine residues in FSV-infected cells is also temperature-sensitive. These observations indicate that P140 is the transforming protein of FSV and that protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is involved in transformation by this virus.
Olfactory responses of lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera : pyralidae) larvae to peanut plant parts

Olfactory responses of lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), larvae to conspecific individuals and peanut plant parts were determined in olfactometer studies. Larvae were not attractive to conspecifics. Young peanut pods infested by two larvae had the same attractiveness as intact pods. Peanut roots, pegs, and pods attracted significantly more larvae, although there were some differences in attraction between lesser cornstalk borer instars. Roots and young pods attracted more small and large larvae. More medium larvae were attracted to pegs and roots. Olfactory responses of larvae to peanut roots were eliminated after antennae were treated with N-methylmaleimide (1 mg/ml in 100% ethanol). There were no differences between the responses of untreated larvae and those with only the palpi blocked. Larval olfactory response to peanut plant volatiles therefore depends primarily on the antennae.
Casting a Net on Dendritic Spines: The Extracellular Matrix and its Receptors

Dendritic spines are dynamic structures that accommodate the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and are influenced by extracellular signals from presynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM surrounds dendritic spines and extends into the synaptic cleft, maintaining synapse integrity as well as mediating trans-synaptic communications between neurons. Several scaffolding proteins and glycans that compose the ECM form a lattice-like network, which serves as an attractive ground for various secreted glycoproteins, lectins, growth factors, and enzymes. ECM components can control dendritic spines through the interactions with their specific receptors or by influencing the functions of other synaptic proteins. In this review, we focus on ECM components and their receptors that regulate dendritic spine development and plasticity in the normal and diseased brain.
Equivalent linearization for Poisson white noise input

Abstract The equivalent linearization method developed for the analysis of nonlinear systems with Gaussian input is extended to the case of Poisson white noise input. The Poisson white noise process can be viewed as a sequence of independent identically distributed random pulses arriving at Poisson times. The analysis is based on the general theory of filtered Poisson processes and concepts of the equivalent linearization method. Two examples are presented to demonstrate and evaluate the generalized equivalent linearization method.
Electron transport in InAs/Ga1-xInxSb superlattices

Abstract We have experimentally investigated the electron transport properties of a series of n -typeInAs/Ga 1- x In x Sb superlattices with InAs thicknesses ( d 1 ) between 25 and 86 A and a fixed Ga 1- x In x Sb thickness ( d 2 ) of 25 A. Interface roughness scattering is found to dominate the electron mobility ( μ n ), but with a much weaker dependence on layer thickness than the conventional d 1 6 . We observe an abrupt decrease in μ n ( d 1 ) at the semiconductor-to-semimetal transition point and the coexistence of two electron species in semimetallic samples. All of these findings can be understood by considering the theoretical band structures for InAs/Ga 1- x In x Sb superlattices with thin d 2 , which differ considerably from those in InAs/GaSb structures with comparable energy gaps and thick d 2 , but are strikingly similar to results for HgTe/CdTe. Since the system is strongly 3D rather than 2D in character, it is surprising that in some samples the quantum oscillations in the Hall conductivity are much larger than those in the diagonal conductivity.