cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring patterns of social commonality among file directories at work

We studied files stored by members of a work organization for patterns of social commonality. Discovering identical or similar documents, applications, developer libraries, or other files may suggest shared interests or experience among users. Examining actual file data revealed a number of individual and aggregate practices around file storage. For example, pairs of users typically have many (over 13,000) files in common. A prototype called LiveWire exploits this commonality to make file backup and restore more efficient for a work organization. We removed commonly shared files and focused on specific filetypes that represent user activity to find more meaningful files in common. The Consolidarity project explores how patterns of file commonality could encourage social networking in an organizational context. Mechanisms for addressing the privacy concerns raised by this approach are discussed.
Cellular SRN Trained by Extended Kalman Filter Shows Promise for ADP

Cellular simultaneous recurrent neural network has been suggested to be a function approximator more powerful than the MLP's, in particular for solving approximate dynamic programming problems. The 2D maze navigation has been considered as a proof-of-concept task. Present work improves the previous results by training the network with extended Kalman filter (EKF). The original EKF algorithm has been slightly modified. The speed of convergence has been improved by several orders of magnitude in comparison with the earlier results. The implications of this improvement are discussed.
Balloon-assisted occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in patients with placenta accreta/percreta.

Background Placenta accreta/percreta is a leading cause of third trimester hemorrhage and postpartum maternal death. The current treatment for third trimester hemorrhage due to placenta accreta/percreta is cesarean hysterectomy, which may be complicated by large volume blood loss.
The effect of thyrotropin on the release of hormone from the human thyroid.

INTRODUCTION THE thyrotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland. An increase in metabolic rate in patients injected with impure TSH was observed by Eitel (1), Thompson, et al. (2), Sharpey-Schafer, et al. (3), and others. Similar results have been obtained in various laboratory animals. It has not been clear, however, which of the various stages in the metabolic pathway of iodine through the thyroid are primarily stimulated by TSH and which may be seemingly stimulated only because the preceding step was altered. Leblond and Sue (6) suggested that TSH might act as a general thyroid-cell stimulant, increasing the native synthetic processes of the thyroid by enhancing proportionately each of the steps in the manufacture, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormone. TSH is known to increase the inorganic iodide content of the thyroid in man and other animals, to increase the rate of organic binding of iodine and to effect a discharge from the chick thyroid of previously a...
Staphylococcus aureus: Is It a Pathogen of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children and Adults?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the etiologic agents of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS). Staphylococcus aureus has been an uncommon cause of ABS despite its frequent occupancy within the anterior nares. A quantitative culture of a maxillary sinus aspirate is the gold standard for determining etiology of ABS. Cultures of the middle meatus cannot be used as a surrogate for a maxillary sinus aspirate in children with ABS, although they may be used in adults if interpretation is confined to usual sinus pathogens. Recent studies highlighting S. aureus as a major pathogen in ABS should be interpreted cautiously. Most isolates in recent pediatric studies were derived from cultures of the middle meatus. The range of reported results for the incidence of S. aureus as a cause of ABS in adults is similar to the results reported for staphylococcal colonization of the middle meatus in healthy adults.
Introduction to Big Data Analytics and the Special Issue on Big Data Methods and Applications

It is not too much of a stretch to recognize that today's business world is experiencing a fundamental shift towards digitization (Fichman, Dos-Santos, & Zheng, 2014). The Accenture report (2014) c...
Explaining Online Behavioral Differences: An Internet Dependency Perspective

Internet research has called for an examination of usage patterns of online users, as Internet users are not a homogeneous group. To better understand Internet users, this study focuses on the behavioral differences of Internet users from the standpoint of Internet dependency. Internet users were classified into dependent and non-dependent users to study their preferences in using several Internet features. Dependent users largely consisted of men, who were likely to use interactive features such as online games and chat rooms. This study shows that dependent users were not newcomers to the Internet. They were also more comfortable in searching for information online than non-dependent users. No significant difference was found between these two groups of users in using less interactive features such as email. Findings demonstrated that both groups of users were different in the way they used the Internet. Managerial implications and suggestions for web site design are provided.
Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions

We present a comprehensive new global QCD analysis of polarized inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, including the latest high-precision data on longitudinal and transverse polarization asymmetries from Jefferson Lab and elsewhere. The analysis is performed using a new iterative Monte Carlo fitting technique which generates stable fits to polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) with statistically rigorous uncertainties. Inclusion of the Jefferson Lab data leads to a reduction in the PDF errors for the valence and sea quarks, as well as in the gluon polarization uncertainty at $x\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.1$. The study also provides the first determination of the flavor-separated twist-3 PDFs and the ${d}_{2}$ moment of the nucleon within a global PDF analysis.
Numerical Study of Down-hole Gas Liquid Separators

The Reynolds stress model was used to simulate the gas liquid separator of down-hole.Based on relative analysis of numerical simulation and laboratory investigation,the stucture of separator was determined.Through the field test shows that chooses turbulent model and algorithm is feasible for the underground separator,which provides reference for structure optimization design.
Research on B2B E-commerce Integration in Telecom Industry

The paper provides a solution to describe B2B E-commerce integration in tele-com industry,a solution of order structure transform and a solution of calculation for contract bill of quantities.The feasibility and effectiveness of the solutions are proven by a practical case.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma on human renal carcinoma cell line growth.

Abstract Four human renal carcinoma cell lines (786-0, CaKi-1, TK-10 and TK-164) were studied in vitro for susceptibility to human recombinant interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and/or human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF). All four cell lines tested demonstrated a dose dependent sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of TNF alone. The degree of sensitivity varied for each cell line. IFNγ alone also mediated a dose dependent antiproliferative effect in three of the four cell lines. Combinations of IFNγ and TNF produced diverse inhibitory effects. Preincubation of the cells for various time intervals with noninhibitory concentrations of IFNγ prior to the addition of TNF resulted in distinct effects for each cell line. Pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxic effect of TNF for some cell lines; however, others became less susceptible and some demonstrated enhanced proliferation in the presence of both agents. Optimal pretreatment times also varied from cell line to cell line. These results demonstrate variability in responsiveness by renal carcinoma cell lines to combination IFNγ and TNF treatments and suggest that timing as well as concentration may be important in in vivo therapy. ( J. Urol, 142: 875–878, 1989 )
Preoperative hemostatic assessment: a new and simple bleeding questionnaire

Purpose Current recommendations for the assessment of the risk of perioperative bleeding limit coagulation testing to patients with a personal and/or family history of bleeding. As no simple preoperative screening questionnaire is currently available, we assessed the performance of a novel screening questionnaire for its ability to detect bleeding disorders.
An Application of a Random Mixture Nominal Item Response Model for Investigating Instruction Effects.

The purpose of this study was to apply a random item mixture nominal item response model (RIM-MixNRM) for investigating instruction effects. The host study design was a pre-test-and-post-test, school-based cluster randomized trial. A RIM-MixNRM was used to identify students’ error patterns in mathematics at the pre-test and the post-test. Instruction effects were investigated in terms of students’ transitioning in error patterns. That is, we compared students’ error patterns in the Enhanced Anchored Instruction (EAI) condition with students’ error patterns in a business-as-usual (BAU) instructional condition following each instruction. We also compared error patterns of students with math disabilities and students without math disabilities following the two types of instruction.
Characterization Phase Change Materials (PCM) Using T-History Method

“T-history method” is widely used for characterization of thermal properties of Phase Change Material (PCM). In this study improvements are proposed to the experimental protocol used in the conventional T-History method. Experimental validation of numerical predictions for various samples of PCM were performed using the proposed measurement technique. This enabled the evaluation of the improvements in the proposed approach as well as for analyzing the experimental results. This involved measurement of temperature at the surface and in the center of the PCM samples (as well as that of the reference sample materials). The proposed modifications enable enhanced accuracy for estimation of the material properties (when compared to the conventional approaches). The estimates from the proposed approach were observed to be within 10% of the measured values obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The proposed approach is amenable to testing large sample sizes, is simpler to implement, provides more rapid data collection and is more cost-effective than that obtained using standard DSC protocols.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The Effects of Moral and Pragmatic Arguments Against Torture on Demands for Judicial Reform

Torture can be opposed on the basis of pragmatic (e.g., torture does not work) or moral arguments (e.g., torture violates human rights). Three studies investigated how these arguments affect U.S. citizens' attitudes toward U.S.-committed torture. In Study 1, participants expressed stronger demands for redressing the injustice of torture when presented with moral rather than pragmatic or no arguments against torture. Study 2 replicated this finding with an extended justice measure and also showed the moderating role of ingroup glorification and attachment. Moral arguments increased justice demands among those who typically react most defensively to ingroup-committed wrongdoings: the highly attached and glorifying. Study 3 showed that the effect of moral arguments against torture on justice demands and support for torture among high glorifiers is mediated by moral outrage and empathy but not guilt.
Spatially-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement for Optical Interrogation of Electrically Dynamic Biological Systems

The excited-state lifetimes of fluorophores in biological samples are valuable measurements, reporting a concentration-independent measurement of the physical environment of the fluorophore. We describe the development of an instrument based on a total internal reflection microscope capable of measuring fluorescence lifetimes within user-defined regions while simultaneously acquiring full field-of-view fluorescent images. Collecting photons only from regions defined via spatial light modulation is critical for measuring localized fluorescence signals, such as fluorescence from a small region on a cell membrane. Our platform, which utilizes time-correlated single photon counting from a selected space, would be especially suitable for complex biological contexts where fluorescence is used as an indicator for expeditious, transient physical changes. Recent development of a Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator (GEVI), ASAP1, has provided a new method for optically measuring neuronal membrane potential. To demonstrate the utility of the instrument, we hope to follow the changes in membrane potential in two ASAP1-expressing cultured cell models, PC-12 neurites and H9c2 myotubes, by measuring the voltage-dependent lifetime of the ASAP1 fluorescence signal. Using a standard tabletop microscope and spatial light modulation, alongside easy-to-access software and hardware solutions to implement the necessary components, broadly-acting electrically dynamic biological environments can be easily and effectively interrogated without the use of expensive specialized equipment. Additionally, the implementation of TIRF imaging and spatially-restricted analysis allows for improved levels of detail within individual firing events. Furthermore, the relative ease of accessibility of the software and hardware comprising this system would allow for the integration of our platform into an existing experimental setup.
Do the robot: Lessons from machine learning to improve conflict forecasting

Increasingly, scholars interested in understanding conflict processes have turned to evaluating out-of-sample forecasts to judge and compare the usefulness of their models. Research in this vein has made significant progress in identifying and avoiding the problem of overfitting sample data. Yet there has been less research providing strategies and tools to practically improve the out-of-sample performance of existing models and connect forecasting improvement to the goal of theory development in conflict studies. In this article, we fill this void by building on lessons from machine learning research. We highlight a set of iterative tasks, which David Blei terms ‘Box’s loop’, that can be summarized as build, compute, critique, and think. While the initial steps of Box’s loop will be familiar to researchers, the underutilized process of model criticism allows researchers to iteratively learn more useful representations of the data generation process from the discrepancies between the trained model and hel...
The role of agglomeration in the conductivity of carbon nanotube composites near percolation

A detailed study of agglomeration in composite materials containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) is presented. Three dimensional samples with different degrees of agglomeration were created in three different ways, leading to a wider range of geometries available to study. Virtual charges are injected into the computer-generated samples and move through these samples according to a Monte Carlo hopping algorithm. Results show that there is an optimal level of agglomeration that is actually beneficial for charge transport at low volume concentrations, lowering the percolation threshold. It is found that near percolation, a more uniform CNT distribution (less agglomeration) leads to more conductive paths, but with a lower mobility. The optimum level of agglomeration comes from a trade off between these two properties. Beyond this optimum agglomeration state, it is observed that conductivity tends to decrease as dispersion increases at all concentrations studied here. At high concentration (percolated samples), where CNT clumps merge, conductivity seems to be less sensitive to agglomeration.
Mood symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women with bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study.

Objective We conducted a prospective naturalistic study of pregnant women with bipolar disorder (BD) to evaluate symptoms of BD across childbearing and assess whether pharmacotherapy reduced their severity. Methods Assessments were scheduled at 20, 30, and 36 weeks' gestation and 2, 12, 26, and 52 weeks postpartum. Symptoms were assessed using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale–Atypical Depression Supplement (SIGH-ADS) and Mania Rating Scale (MRS). Results Pregnant women (N=152) with BD were evaluated; 88 women (58%) were treated and 64 untreated (42%) with psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. Among the 88 women treated, 23 (26%) discontinued their medication in the first trimester and the remaining 65 (74%) were exposed throughout pregnancy or in the second and third trimesters. More than two-thirds (73%) of the women who remained in the study took psychotropic agents postpartum. The mean scores on the SIGH-ADS were in the mild range of depressive symptoms in both the psychotropic-treated and untreated groups in both pregnancy and postpartum. The majority of women had no or few symptoms of mania. Of the pregnant women treated with psychotropic agents, 66% received a guideline-concordant drug, and 34% received either antidepressant monotherapy (for BD I) or mono- or polypharmacy with a variety of other agents. Conclusions This sample of perinatal women with BD was characterized by mild residual symptoms of depression independent of pharmacotherapy, which poses a risk for recurrence and impaired parenting. The treatment of childbearing women with BD deserves urgent clinical and research attention to improve psychiatric outcomes.
Rovibrational excitation within the infinite conical well: Desorption of diatomic molecules

Abstract An analytic model for the hindered rotational states of a diatomic molecule adsorbed upright on a solid surface is discussed. Various model dynamics situations, within the sudden approximation, designed to simulate desorption are presented and rotational state distributions are calculated including both rotational and translational degrees of freedom. Criteria are established for observing rotationally cool desorbed molecules.
Introduction and Application of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies with cellblock preparation or small tissue biopsies have become a primary modality to achieve a definitive diagnosis of a mass-like lesion of the superficial and deep-seated organs. This chapter (1) provided an overview of application of FNA; (2) delineated fundamental approach to an FNA sample; (3) summarized major and minor cytological criteria for some common entities encountered in daily practice; (4) illustrated some of the most effective yet small diagnostic IHC panels for tumor of unknown primary/undifferentiated neoplasm; (5) described some chromosomal translocations which are highly specific for certain solid tumors; and (6) highlighted the most frequently used molecular techniques on FNA and small tissue biopsy specimens.
Sub-lethal irradiation of human tumor cells modulates phenotype resulting in enhanced killing by CTL

6022 Given the limited efficacy of immunotherapy in treating large tumors, augmenting anti-tumor immune responses is an important goal. One promising approach is the selective use of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cyclophosphamide. We hypothesized that the relatively new agent, gemcitabine (Gem), might also be useful, since it has recently been reported to spare T-cell function. When we tested the effects of Gem in a series of syngeneic murine tumor models, we found that a single dose of 120 g/kg of Gem had very impressive anti-tumor effects in a subset of these tumors. Efficacy was not related to in vitro drug sensitivity; instead we found effects correlated with tumor “immunogenicity”. A key role of the immune system (rather than direct cytotoxic effects) was demonstrated in experiments showing that: 1) virtually all efficacy of Gem was lost when tumors were grown in nude mice or in mice depleted of CD8 cells, and 2) similar anti-tumor effects of Gem were seen when tumors from Gem-sensitive versus Gem-resistant cell lines (800-1000 times more resistant to Gem-mediated killing in vitro) were treated with Gem. We found that Gem did not sensitize of cancer cells to effector cell (CD8+ and /or NK cell) lysis and did not induce direct activation of the effector cells. However, FACS showed markedly increased numbers of CD45+ cells within tumors 24 hr after treatment with Gem, suggesting augmented trafficking of endogenous effector cells into tumor sites. To confirm this observation, spleen cells were activated with anti-CD3e Ab and murine IL-2, labeled with CFSE, and used for adoptive transfer experiments in tumor-bearing animals that were treated with saline or Gem. Six, 24 and 48 hrs after adoptive transfer of activated T cells, tumors were harvested and subjected to FACS. There were few CFSE positive cells in the tumors injected with activated T cells alone without Gem. A small, but significantly increased number of CFSE positive cells were observed in tumors treated with Gem. To determine the mechanism of increased trafficking, we conducted real time PCR on control and Gem-treated tumors. We found significantly higher mRNA expression levels of TNF-alpha, ICAM-1 and IP-10 in the tumor treated with Gem. In Gem-treated tumors, up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression on tumor endothelium (CD45-/CD31+ cells) was demonstrated by three-color FACS. In summary, Gem shows significant anti-tumor efficacy that depends on T-cell mediated-immunologic responses. The effect appears to be due to an “activation” of the tumor microenvironment that leads to augmention of endogenous CTL trafficking to tumor sites. We propose that Gem could be used in combination with immunotherapy to augment anti-tumor immune responses.
The social context of torture: Policy process and authority structure.

Conceptualizing torture as a crime of obedience implies that it must be understood in the context of the policy process that gives rise to it and of the authority structure within which this policy is carried out. This chapter looks at the policy process and the authority structure to identify the major determinants of acts of torture as well as the major correctives against these practices. Democratic countries are less likely to practice torture precisely because of the nature of the policy processes and the authority structures that characterize such societies. While individual and cultural factors are important determinants of torture, they operate in interaction with the policy process and the authority structure that ultimately give rise to the practice. There are social conditions under which democratic cultures that ordinarily respect human rights may sanction torture, just as there are social conditions under which ordinary, decent individuals may be induced to take part in it.
Partial ACL Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes

Partial thickness ruptures of the ACL are quite common in pediatric athletes, with rates of partial tears ranging from a quarter to over half of all cases. Despite this acknowledgment, to date only one investigation has focused on the management of partial ACL injuries in a pediatric population. The management and outcome of partial ACL ruptures are highly linked to diagnostic decision-making of treating orthopedic surgeons in advocating non-operative versus operative management. We recommend a multimodal decision-making process incorporating results from patient history, physical examination, imaging, and a low threshold to performing a diagnostic arthroscopy, if indicated. This diagnostic process serves to help distinguish between injury patterns that maintain the functional integrity of the ACL and those that render the ACL nonfunctional. Athletes with partial injuries that result in ACL insufficiency are best served with a ligament reconstruction surgery. While pediatric athletes with partial ACL ruptures may have improved healing capabilities, persistent ligamentous instability in this active group can lead to significant secondary injuries with concerning adverse effects on lifetime joint health.
Cataract surgery and environmental sustainability: Waste and lifecycle assessment of phacoemulsification at a private healthcare facility.

Purpose To measure the waste generation and lifecycle environmental emissions from cataract surgery via phacoemulsification in a recognized resource-efficient setting. Setting Two tertiary care centers of the Aravind Eye Care System in southern India. Design Observational case series. Methods Manual waste audits, purchasing data, and interviews with Aravind staff were used in a hybrid environmental lifecycle assessment framework to quantify the environmental emissions associated with cataract surgery. Kilograms of solid waste generated and midpoint emissions in a variety of impact categories (eg, kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents). Results Aravind generates 250 grams of waste per phacoemulsification and nearly 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide-equivalents in greenhouse gases. This is approximately 5% of the United Kingdom's phaco carbon footprint with comparable outcomes. A majority of Aravind's lifecycle environmental emissions occur in the sterilization process of reusable instruments because their surgical system uses largely reusable instruments and materials. Electricity use in the operating room and the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD) accounts for 10% to 25% of most environmental emissions. Conclusions Surgical systems in most developed countries and, in particular their use of materials, are unsustainable. Results show that ophthalmologists and other medical specialists can reduce material use and emissions in medical procedures using the system described here.
The Arts of Recognition

Abenojar, like many farming communities in the Spanish Province of Castilla-La Mancha, inhabits the past while also embracing the present. Its serpentine streets are lined with rows of uniform stru...
Optimal Prediction of Generalized Stationary Processes

Methods for solving optimal filtering and prediction problems for the classical stationary processes are well known since the late forties. Practice often gives rise to what is called generalized stationary processes [GV61], e.g., to white noise and to many other examples. Hence it is of interest to carry over optimal prediction and filtering methods to them. For arbitrary generalized stochastic processes this could be a challenging problem. It was shown recently [OS04] that the generalized matched filtering problem can be efficiently solved for a rather general class of SJ-generalized stationary processes introduced in [S96]. Here it is observed that the optimal prediction problem admits an efficient solution for a slightly narrower class of TJ-generalized stationary processes. Examples indicate that the latter class is wide enough to include white noise, positive frequencies white noise, as well as generalized processes occurring when the smoothing effect gives rise to a situation in which the distribution of probabilities may not exist at some time instances. One advantage of the suggested approach is that it connects solving the optimal prediction problem with inverting the corresponding integral operators SJ. The methods for the latter, e.g., those using the Gohberg-Semencul formula, can be found in the extensive literature, and we include an illustrative example where a computationally efficient solution is feasible.
A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN COMPLYING WITH THE COLORADO ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

This study reviews the history of the residential energy conservation building standards in Colorado. Attendent educational efforts are described. Results from performance testing of trainees is presented. Numerous sources have requested simplified code compliance methodologies. Presented is a simplified strategy for code compliance through the use of solar energy. Code conflicts with solar are identified. The effects of BEPS on solar use is briefly discussed.
A Novel Toxin Produced by Pseudomonas Corrugata, the Causal Agent of Tomato Pith Necrosis: Determination of its Role in Virulence and the Genetics of Production

Pseudomonas corrugata, the causal agent of tomato pith necrosis, was first reported in greenhouse-grown tomatoes in 1978 (Scarlett et al., 1978) and in field-grown tomatoes in southern California in 1983 (Lai et al., 1983). The characteristic symptom of the disease is a black necrotic pith that becomes hollow and causes the stem to collapse in severely infected plants. Inoculation of bacterial cells into leaves of tomato plants results in formation of necrotic lesions in one to two days. During initial pathogenicity tests, three- to four-week-old tomato plants in the greenhouse were killed when inoculated by stem injection and incubated under conditions of high humidity and/or high nitrogen. Total collapse of plants occurred within 24 to 48 h with inoculum as low as 104 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. It was also observed that cell-free culture fluids from four-day-old cultures of P. corrugata produced necrotic lesions similar to those produced when bacterial cells were infiltrated into tomato leaves. These results suggested that a toxin may be involved in pathogenicity and/or virulence.
Review of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the existing literature regarding the use of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of hormone receptor–positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). Data Sou...
Slowdown in the Decline of Tuberculosis Rates in California, 2000-2016

Objectives. To determine the impact of the 2007–2009 economic crisis on tuberculosis (TB) trends among California residents.Methods. We analyzed available data from 4 different population-represent...
Coupled finite element and multibody systems dynamics modelling for the investigation of the bridge approach problem

Railways are the most common mode of transportation for both people and cargo due to its advantages in economy, safety, and comfort. The finite element method has been broadly used for more than th...
A Desmoid Tumor Involving the Subscapularis Muscle: A Case Report.

CASE A 31-year-old woman developed worsening pain and paresthesia in the neck, shoulder, and arm over a period of 6 years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a soft-tissue mass in the subscapular region, with likely involvement of the scapula and the subscapularis muscle. The mass was resected, and the final histologic diagnosis was desmoid-type fibromatosis. CONCLUSION Desmoid tumors with subscapularis muscle involvement are exceedingly rare. Although limited range of motion is the more common presentation for these tumors, this case demonstrates that desmoid tumors may present with primarily neurologic symptoms.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Pyrazolate-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Complex.

The asymmetric Schiff-base ligand (I), formed by condensation of salicylaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobutanol-(2), reacts with a copper salt in the presence of pyrazole to give the new title complex (IV) (space group P21/c, Z=4).
Track-Control, an automatic video-based real-time closed-loop behavioral control toolbox

Approaches of optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity have boosted our understanding of the functional architecture of brain circuits underlying various behaviors. In the meantime, rapid development in computer vision greatly accelerates the automation of behavioral analysis. Real-time and event-triggered interference is often necessary for establishing a tight correlation between neuronal activity and behavioral outcome. However, it is time consuming and easily causes variations when performed manually by experimenters. Here, we describe our Track-Control toolbox, a fully automated system with real-time object detection and low latency closed-loop hardware feedback. We demonstrate that the toolbox can be applied in a broad spectrum of behavioral assays commonly used in the neuroscience field, including open field, plus maze, Morris water maze, real-time place preference, social interaction, and sensory-induced defensive behavior tests. The Track-Control toolbox has proved an efficient and easy-to-use method with excellent flexibility for functional extension. Moreover, the toolbox is free, open source, graphic processing unit (GPU)-independent, and compatible across operating system (OS) platforms. Each lab can easily integrate Track-Control into their existing systems to achieve automation.
Inelastic design for type 316L stainless steel at ambient and 600 °C under uniaxial loading

Abstract This study aims to determine the safe elastoplastic shakedown limit of type 316L stainless steel at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of 600 ° C . Components made of type 316L stainless steel are commonly subjected to combined thermomechanical loads in various engineering applications. Shakedown based designs can be used to expand the feasible design space under combined thermomechanical cyclic loading conditions compared to conventional yield-limited designs. Extensive experimental and numerical effort has been made to model ratchetting and cyclic hardening/softening of stainless steels under uniaxial cyclic loading but a very limited number of studies have focused on determining the shakedown limit. In this work, shakedown limits are determined experimentally and numerically. A numerical model that combines time-dependent creep deformation and time-independent hardening is used to develop Bree load-interaction diagrams. It is found that shakedown occurs at room temperature at stress levels up to two times the linear elastic limit of the material and is limited by the time-dependent creep deformation. At 600 o C , an enhanced shakedown behavior is observed that expands the feasible design space up to 4 times the linear elastic limit.
Access to care barriers for patients with Bipolar disorder in the United States

Abstract Background The five major comorbidities associated with Bipolar Disorder (BPD) include anxiety disorder, substance abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorder, and other medical conditions. These conditions are extremely prevalent among patients with BPD. Additionally, the medications used to treat this disorder can cause severe weight gain, which leads to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other endocrine disorders. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inform the medical community and health policymakers of the causes and comorbidities associated with BPD; stigma, acceptance of insurance, shortage of providers and costs as barriers to access care; and the collaborative care model and policy-based solutions to improve the access to high quality care and the quality of life of people living with bipolar disorder. Results Recent policy developments that address mental health in the United States, such as, the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) and the Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act are opportunities to improve access to care. Though not specifically targeting BPD, collaborative programs and mental health policies can start monitoring the comorbidities associated with BPD. By focusing on prevention and collaborative care, providers can slow the acceleration of symptoms and allow for quicker channels of treatment for comorbidities.
The U.S. Opioid Crisis: Decriminalization as a Potential Approach

There have been numerous approaches to treating the opioid crisis, but some downfalls include not addressing stigmas against the affected population. While it may seem to be a radical proposal, but decriminalizing all drugs may provide safer access to drugs, decrease the number of drug overdoses, decrease the stigma surrounding addicts, and decrease the barriers around access to care for addicts. Copyright © 2020 Luzi. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
HETEROGENEOUS COUNTING ON FILTER SUPPORT MEDIA

Abstract Many investigators in the biomedical research area have used filter paper as the support upon which radioactive samples are counted. This means that a heterogeneous counting of sample sometimes results. The count rate of a sample on a filter will be affected by positioning, degree of dryness, sample application procedure, the type of filter, and the type of cocktail used. Positioning of the filter (up or down) in the counting vial can cause a variation of 35% or more when counting tritiated samples on filter paper. Samples of varying degrees of dryness when added to the counting cocktail can cause nonreproducible counts if handled improperly. Count rates starting at 2400 CPM initially, can become 10,000 CPM in 24 hours for 3H-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) samples dried on standard cellulose acetate membrane filters. Data on cellulose nitrate filters shows a similar trend. Sample application procedures in which the sample is applied to the filter in a small spot or on a large amount of the surface area can cause nonreproducible or very low counting rates. A tritiated DNA sample, when applied topically, gives a count rate of 4,000 CPM. When the sample is spread over the whole filter, 13,400 CPM are obtained with a much better coefficient of variation (5% versus 20%). Adding protein carrier (bovine serum albumin-BSA) to the sample to trap more of the tritiated DNA on the filter during the filtration process causes a serious beta absorption problem. Count rates which are one-fourth the count rate applied to the filter are obtained on calibrated runs. Many of the problems encountered can be alleviated by a proper choice of filter and the use of a liquid scintillation cocktail which dissolves the filter. Filter-Solv has been used to dissolve cellulose nitrate filters and filters which are a combination of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate. Count rates obtained for these dissolved samples are very reproducible and highly efficient. Quantitative results can only be obtained by dissolving or emulsifying the filter and the sample in the cocktail. The normal quench monitors of external standard channels ratio or sample channels ratio are valid for dissolved filters. When the filter is transparent or opague in the vial there are too many variables to be assured that a stable, constant efficiency count rate is obtained.
Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in a weightlifter. A case report

Abstract Background Compartment syndrome (CS) is a well-known phenomenon in orthopaedics associated with traumatic injury to an extremity or over exertion which ultimately leads to prolonged and elevated intrafascial pressures. CS was initially described by Volkmann in 1881 [1] . With any active muscle, there is a transient rise in intrafascial pressure from resting range of approximately 3 mmHg to 7.95 mmHg [2] . When this increase in pressure is too great or not transient, then a subsequent compartment syndrome develops. The consequences of such physiologic imbalance can induce muscle necrosis, nerve damage, vascular compromise, functional deficits, and potentially loss of limb[ 3 , 4 ]. Typical initial presentation of CS includes pain out of proportion to the severity of injury, which is intensified with passive motion of the muscle within the affected fascial compartment. [4] Non musculoskeletal manifestations of CS generally present themselves as the syndrome progresses and can include rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, acute kidney injury, or acute tubular necrosis [4] . These non musculoskeletal manifestations of CS are potential etiologies causing patients to present for treatment [4] . Purpose There have been approximately 20 previous case reports on paraspinal compartment syndrome with a combination of surgical and medical treatments in these patients. We will present a case of paraspinal CS in an avid weightlifter and discuss diagnostic and treatment options surrounding this syndrome. Study Design Case Report Patient Sample This is a report of a single patient who presented to Duke University Medical Center. Methods We report the case of a 29 year old male with paraspinal compartment syndrome who was treated with fasciotomies. This was considered an IRB exempt study by our IRB as such informed consent was not obtained by the patient prior to publication. Results This patients had resolution of symptoms after surgical intervention which continued through follow up. Conclusion Paraspinal compartment syndrome can be effectively treated with surgical fasciotomy.
Resisting Islamophobia: Muslims Seeking American Integration Through Spiritual Growth, Community Organizing, and Political Activism By Nazreen S. Bacchus

Since 9/11, second-generation Muslims have experienced an increase in religious discrimination that has presented several challenges to their American integration. Scholars have noted that Muslims are often marginalized and “othered” because of their religious beliefs, attire choices and non-Western ethnic origins. In New York, Arabs, South Asians and Africans are the predominant ethnic groups practicing Islam. Although Muslim communities are ethnically and racially diverse, they are categorized in ways that have transformed their religious identity into a racialized group. This new form of racial amalgamation is not constructed on underlying skin color similarities but on their religious adherence to Islam. The War on Terror has complicated the image of Muslims by circulating Islamophobia, or the fear of Muslims and Islam, onto American society. Political rhetoric targeting Muslim communities has also incited new ways of misinterpreting Qur’anic text to further marginalize them. Second-generation Muslim Americans are responding to Islamophobia by reframing the negative depictions about their identities through community-based activism. This paper takes an intersectionality approach to understanding how Muslims across the New York metro area are managing their religious identities as they seek to develop a sense of belonging in American society. This ethnographic case study addresses how second-generation Muslims are resisting Islamophobia through community building, civic engagement, and college student associations. Countering Islamophobia has become part of the everyday life experience for Muslims in New York and is currently their main trajectory for integration into American society.
How the pan-genome is changing crop genomics and improvement

Crop genomics has seen dramatic advances in recent years due to improvements in sequencing technology, assembly methods, and computational resources. These advances have led to the development of new tools to facilitate crop improvement. The study of structural variation within species and the characterization of the pan-genome has revealed extensive genome content variation among individuals within a species that is paradigm shifting to crop genomics and improvement. Here, we review advances in crop genomics and how utilization of these tools is shifting in light of pan-genomes that are becoming available for many crop species.
A 2.1mW −109dBm NB-IoT Wake-Up Receiver

A low-power standard-compliant NB-IoT wake-up receiver (WRX) is presented. The WRX is designed as a companion radio to a full NB-IoT receiver, only operating during discontinuous RX modes (DRX and eDRX), which allows the full high-power radio to turn off while the wake-up receiver efficiently receives NB-IoT Wake-Up Signals (WUS). The fabricated receiver achieves 2.1mW power at −109dBm sensitivity with 180kHz bandwidth over the 750-960MHz bands. The WRX is fabricated in 28nm CMOS and consumes 5x less power than the best previously published traditional NB-IoT receivers. This work is the first designed dedicated wake-up receiver for the NB-IoT protocol and demonstrates the benefits of utilizing a WRX to reduce power consumption of NB-IoT radios.
Ab initio electrical properties of CO2: polarizabilities, hyperpolarizabilities, and multipole moments

We present ab initio calculations of the polarizability, hyperpolarizability, quadrupole moment, and hexadecapole moment of CO2. Our calculations employ two families of systematically extensible Gaussian basis sets; the largest basis set used in this work, the aug-pc-4 augmented polarization consistent basis set, consists of (9s8p7d4f3g2h) functions on each of the three atoms. We incorporate electron correlation effects using both second-order Moller–Plesset theory and a coupled cluster treatment that includes single and double excitations and a perturbative treatment of triple excitations. We investigate how the electrical properties of CO2 change along the molecule’s symmetric stretch vibrational coordinate, and we compare our calculations to prior theoretical and experimental results where possible.
Return to Work and Sport After Distal Femoral Osteotomy: A Systematic Review.

Context:Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is a joint preservation procedure that corrects genu valgum deformities and patellofemoral maltracking, thereby restoring kinematics and unloading contact pre...
Root Traits for Improving N Acquisition Efficiency

Global agriculture requires the development of nutrient-efficient crops to improve food security while reducing environmental pollution. In developing nations, low soil nitrogen (N) availability and limited fertilizer usage is a primary limitation to crop production, while in developed nations, intensive N fertilization is a primary economic, energy, and environmental cost to crop production. In order to mitigate these risks, the development of crops with superior root traits enhancing N acquisition is essential. The development of crops with enhanced N capture would increase crop productivity, enhance sustainability, and reduce environmental pollution. There is substantial genetic variation for root phenes that have potential to improve N capture and reduce the N requirement of crops. In this chapter, we explore root phenes that enhance N acquisition that are urgently needed in global agriculture. Root ideotypes for enhanced N capture are predicted to pave the way for more productive and sustainable cropping systems.
Using systems science to advance health equity in tobacco control: a causal loop diagram of smoking.

Objectives Develop and use a causal loop diagram (CLD) of smoking among racial/ethnic minority and lower-income groups to anticipate the intended and unintended effects of tobacco control policies. Methods We developed a CLD to elucidate connections between individual, environmental and structural causes of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in smoking. The CLD was informed by a review of conceptual and empirical models of smoking, fundamental cause and social stress theories and 19 qualitative interviews with tobacco control stakeholders. The CLD was then used to examine the potential impacts of three tobacco control policies. Results The CLD includes 24 constructs encompassing individual (eg, risk perceptions), environmental (eg, marketing) and structural (eg, systemic racism) factors associated with smoking. Evaluations of tobacco control policies using the CLD identified potential unintended consequences that may maintain smoking disparities. For example, the intent of a smoke-free policy for public housing is to reduce smoking among residents. Our CLD suggests that the policy may reduce smoking among residents by reducing smoking among family/friends, which subsequently reduces pro-smoking norms and perceptions of tobacco use as low risk. On the other hand, some residents who smoke may violate the policy. Policy violations may result in financial strain and/or housing instability, which increases stress and reduces feelings of control, thus having the unintended consequence of increasing smoking. Conclusions The CLD may be used to support stakeholder engagement in action planning and to identify non-traditional partners and approaches for tobacco control.