cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composita of sextic fields, theory and examples

Fix a ground field F. Let be a finite collection of finite degree separable field extensions of F. To study how the fields in К are related to each other, one should construct a joint splitting field F К and describe the Galois group Gal(F К /F) In this paper we describe the general appearance of Gal(F К /F) for arbi-trary F when the F i all have degree ≤ 6. Then we apply this description to three interesting related examples. First and second, we take ground fields the p-adic fields Q 2 and Q 3, and К the collection of all degree ≤ 6 fields. Third, we take ground field the rational number field Q and К the collection of all degree ≤ 6 fields with absolute discriminant of the form 2a3b This paper complements three of our previous papers. The paper [4] roughly speaking considers the Galois theory associated to a single field K of degree ≤ 6, whereas here we consider a finite collection of such K. The paper [5] lists all degree ≤ 6 fields over Q 2 and Q 3 . These tables form the basis of our local examples....
Open Domain Recommendation: Social Networks and Collaborative Filtering

Commercial enterprises employ data mining techniques to recommend products to their customers. Most of the prior research is usually focused on a specific domain such as movies or books, and recommendation algorithms using similarities between users and/or similarities between products usually performs reasonably well. However, when the domain isn't as specific, recommendation becomes much more difficult, because the data could be too sparse to find similar users or similar products based on purchasing history alone. To solve this problem, we propose using social network data, along with rating history to enhance product recommendations. This paper exploits the state of art collaborative filtering algorithm and social net based recommendation algorithm for the task of open domain recommendation. We show that when a social network can be applied, it is a strong indicator of user preference for product recommendations. However, the high precision is achieved at the cost of recall. Although the sparseness of the data may suggest that the social network is not always applicable, we present a solution to utilize the network in these cases.
Bipolar spectrum: has its time come?

Strakowski et al carefully assess the risks versus benefits of broadening the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and conclude that “until research findings can provide better insight into the validity of a broader conception of bipolar disorder, clinical expansion to a ‘spectrum’ concept should be considered with caution”. They argue that such expansion should await evidence that the concept, and clear definition thereof, lead to improvements in treatment development or in our understanding of etiopathogenesis. As the authors point out, one problem is that there are currently multiple definitions of “bipolar spectrum” and it is not clear that the risks and benefits associated with adopting one of these concepts are necessarily the same as adopting another of these concepts.
Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament a comparison of autografts and allografts in dogs

To compare the efficacy of allograft versus autograft replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament, 15 dogs had the ligament cut and replaced 1 month later:11 dogs received a frozen bone-ligament-...
Vulnerability in Research: Individuals with Limited Financial and/or Social Resources

Individuals with limited resources are often presumed to be vulnerable in research. Concerns include the possibility of impaired decision making, susceptibility to undue inducement, and risk of exploitation. Although each of these concerns should be considered by investigators and IRBs, none justifies categorical exclusion of individuals with limited resources.
Technic in the Study of Vascular Systems in Plants

Methods have been improvised for studying the morphology of rosaceous fruits. One method is to dissect the buds and to immerse over night in 20% HCl; then in 5% NaOCl until bleached; after dehydrating, clearing and mounting in cedar oil, they are examined in dark field or with intense reflected light. Another method is to place the living stems, bearing buds, in a 0.01% aqueous solution of Niagara sky blue, forcing infiltration of the dye by means of pressure obtained in an ordinary pressure cooker thru the use of a bicycle pump; the buds are then dehydrated and embedded by ordinary methods. A series of photographs, if desired, may be taken of the cut surfaces of such a stained bud, after each section has been removed from the block.
Operant licking for intragastric sugar infusions: Differential reinforcing actions of glucose, sucrose and fructose in mice

Intragastric (IG) flavor conditioning studies in rodents indicate that isocaloric sugar infusions differ in their reinforcing actions, with glucose and sucrose more potent than fructose. Here we determined if the sugars also differ in their ability to maintain operant self-administration by licking an empty spout for IG infusions. Food-restricted C57BL/6J mice were trained 1 h/day to lick a food-baited spout, which triggered IG infusions of 16% sucrose. In testing, the mice licked an empty spout, which triggered IG infusions of different sugars. Mice shifted from sucrose to 16% glucose increased dry licking, whereas mice shifted to 16% fructose rapidly reduced licking to low levels. Other mice shifted from sucrose to IG water reduced licking more slowly but reached the same low levels. Thus IG fructose, like water, is not reinforcing to hungry mice. The more rapid decline in licking induced by fructose may be due to the sugar's satiating effects. Further tests revealed that the Glucose mice increased their dry licking when shifted from 16% to 8% glucose, and reduced their dry licking when shifted to 32% glucose. This may reflect caloric regulation and/or differences in satiation. The Glucose mice did not maintain caloric intake when tested with different sugars. They self-infused less sugar when shifted from 16% glucose to 16% sucrose, and even more so when shifted to 16% fructose. Reduced sucrose self-administration may occur because the fructose component of the disaccharide reduces its reinforcing potency. FVB mice also reduced operant licking when tested with 16% fructose, yet learned to prefer a flavor paired with IG fructose. These data indicate that sugars differ substantially in their ability to support IG self-administration and flavor preference learning. The same post-oral reinforcement process appears to mediate operant licking and flavor learning, although flavor learning provides a more sensitive measure of sugar reinforcement.
Teaching the entire software development life cycle

In a very real sense, so called "soft skills" are more important in software development than is good programming. For example, if the results of a project's requirements engineering efforts are poor, then even the world's best programmers will implement useless code which will be extremely expensive to fix; if the results are close to what's necessary to satisfy the needs of the client, then moderately good programmers will produce code that will be far less expensive to fix. But these aspects of software development can be learned only by doing, that is, by going through the entire software development lifecycle to produce real software that is needed by, and will be used by, the client once it has been developed, tested, and installed. Prof. Klappholz has taught both a one-semester junior-level real projects for real clients course (RPRCC) for twelve years and a two-semester senior-level (capstone) RPRCC for five years. He is lead author of a book chapter about RPRCCs [1]. Results of the last three years of his capstone RPRCC may be found at http://www.cs.stevens.edu/~david/index.php. In the workshop Prof. Klappholz will cover the various details involved in organizing and teaching RPRCCs.
Mo2C Nanowires and Ribbons on Si via Two-Step Vapor Phase Growth

Transition metal carbides are an interesting class of electronic materials owing to their high electrical conductivity at room temperature, which is only slightly lower than that of their constituent transition metal elements. For example, the room temperature electrical resistivity of bulk Mo2 C is ∼70 μΩ-cm compared to that of Mo (4.85 μΩ-cm), whereas that of NbC is ∼50 μΩ-cm as compared to 15.2 μΩ-cm for Nb. Indeed, the temperature dependent resistivity of many transition metal carbides suggests metallic-like conduction. Furthermore, certain transition metal carbides are known to become superconducting, with transition temperatures ranging from 1.15 °K for TiC1−x to 14 °K for NbC. [1] They are also able to withstand high temperatures and are chemically stable. Initial synthesis of metal carbide nanorods was demonstrated using the carbon nanotube (CNT) confined reaction mechanism by Lieber and co-workers [2] and subsequent superconducting behavior was shown by Fukunaga et al. [3]. Vapor-liquid-solid growth was employed by Johnson et al. [4] to synthesize micron-sized carbide whiskers. Here, we have successfully synthesized Mo2 C nanorods and ribbons on Si substrates using a novel two-step catalytic approach, which allows for synthesis of such high temperature nanostructures at manufacturable temperatures (≤ 1000 °C) and time scales (≤ 60 min). In the first step we utilize a catalytic vapor phase process to grow Mo and/or molybdenum oxide nanostructures, which are subsequently carburized in situ to form the desired Mo2 C nanostructures. Unlike true VLS growth of carbides, in which high temperature (≤ 1100–1200 °C) is required to adequately dissolve carbon into the catalyst particles, our strategy is to react the nanostructures along their entire length with a carbon vapor source after creating the oxide/metal nanostructures, which for Mo2 C can be achieved at relatively low temperatures. (≤ 1000 °C). The nanorods and ribbons are polycrystalline, with a mean grain size of 20–50 nm and 50–150 nm, respectively. We hypothesize that the growth mechanism is a complex mixture of VLS, VSS, and auto-catalytic growth, in which molten catalyst nanoparticles enter a three phase region once the metal precursor is supplied. The growth then presumably continues via a vapor-solid-solid process and is possible assisted by the presence of various molybdenum oxide species on the surface. Initial single nanowire electrical measurements yield a higher resistivity than in the bulk, which is attributed to the fine grain sizes and/or the presence of an oxide layer. A discussion of the growth mechanism will be presented along with issues relating to single nanowire device fabrication and control of nanowire orientation.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Themes of Privilege and Whiteness in the Films of Wes Anderson

Unless we challenge whiteness and class performativity, we maintain them as unseen hegemonies that exert a considerable degree of influence over us and over our behavior and our fantasies. There is...
Carbon Dioxide Conversion by Reverse Water–Gas Shift Chemical Looping on Perovskite-Type Oxides

Carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide was studied in an intensified chemical looping reverse water–gas shift reaction (RWGS–CL) process using parent perovskite-type oxides as oxygen carriers. Five different strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltites, La1–XSrXCoO3−δ (0 ≤ X ≤1 in steps of 0.25), were synthesized using the Pechini method and their structures were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Temperature-programmed (H2-TPR, CO2-TPO) and isothermal CO2 conversion experiments were performed to evaluate their properties and abilities for carbon dioxide conversion. The production of carbon monoxide from the reduced parent oxides is enhanced when X = 0.25. From the three H2-reduction temperatures studied (400, 500, and 600 °C), 500 °C was determined as the optimum, presumably due to the formation of mixed oxides and metallic cobalt crystalline phases (observed via XRD) in close contact. Furthermore, isothermal CO2 conversion rates increased with temperature over the tested range (650 to 850 °C). Results...
Effect of Population Size on Worker Survival and Honey Loss in Broodless Colonies of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

About 7 kg of honey bees were caged, stored for 2 days, and subdivided into 3 populations: ca. 4,400, 8,900, and 34,000 bees. The bees then were placed in hives that had no brood and a known quantity of honey. The resulting colonies had ca. 2 liters of space and one caged queen per 1,000 bees. Worker survival, honey loss per bee, colony temperature, and survival of caged queens were compared in six replicates. Each replicate covered 20 to 27 days during winter in Baton Rouge, La. Population size had no effect on survival of workers or caged queens. However, larger populations were significantly warmer than smaller populations when the ambient temperature was <13°C ( P < 0.05). Honey loss per bee per day was significantly greater for 4,400 bees (mean ± SD = 6.7 ± 1.5 mg) than for 8,900 (4.5 ± 1.7 mg) or 34,000 (4.2 ± 0.7 mg) bees ( P < 0.05).
Les facteurs qui influencent la fidélité des clients qui achètent sur Internet

La concurrence intense et omnipresente qui regne sur le reseau Internet motive les entreprises virtuelles a tout mettre en œuvre pour fideliser leurs clients. La presente etude empirique demontre que la fidelite des consommateurs qui achetent en ligne depend principalement de la fiabilite et de l'expertise de l'entreprise, de sa selection de produits et services, ainsi que de sa capacite a faire gagner du temps a ses clients. Des recommandations strategiques et des voies de recherche sont proposees.
Clinical development and branding

The development of a brand and marketing strategy for new pharmaceutical products should not be the last item on the pre-launch agenda. Branding strategy should be embedded in the overall clinical development and commercialization processes.
The liberation of lipoprotein lipase by heparin from adipose tissue incubated in vitro

Epididymal fat tissues of rats, incubated in vitro in the presence of heparin, have been found to release lipoprotein lipase into the medium. This release occurs rapidly and shows little dependence upon the composition of the medium. The tissues of carbohydrate-fed rats are more active with respect to lipoprotein lipase liberation than those of fasted animals.
Passive, one-dimensional countercurrent models do not simulate hypertonic urine formation

Simulations were performed to test the ability of the countercurrent hypothesis to predict measured concentrations of NaCl and urea in the interstitium of the renal medulla. The simulations included one-dimensional representations of loops of Henle, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta, and recent estimates of descending limb, thick ascending limb, and collecting duct transport parameters. The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem was solved numerically via quasi-linearization. The simulations failed to predict measured concentrations or concentration gradients of NaCl in the inner medulla. Including countertransport of urea and NaCl in thin ascending limbs added minimally to the performance of the system. The single most effective change in the model was the inclusion of a coefficient to permit preferential solute exchange among vasa recta. This result suggests that the three-dimensional ordering of blood vessels and tubules is an essential construct in the concentrating mechanism.
COMBINING ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS IN THE CHUCK PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

In this paper, we present a new programming model for performing audio analysis, spectral processing, and feature extraction in the ChucK programming language. The solution unifies analysis and synthesis in the same high-level, strongly-timed, and concurrent environment, extending and fully integrating with the existing language framework. In particular, we introduce the notion of a Unit Analyzer (UAna) and new constructs for dataflow, data types and semantics for operations in analysis domains, and mechanisms for seamlessly combining analysis and synthesis tasks in a precise, sample-synchronous manner. We present the motivation of our system, and describe new language-level syntaxes, semantics, and the underlying implementation. We provide code examples and discuss potential uses and benefits of the system for audio researchers, performers, and teachers.
IPA: improving predictive analysis with pointer analysis

Predictive analysis, recently proposed for race detection, guarantees to report no false positives and achieves good coverage. Predictive analysis starts with the trace of an execution and mutates the schedule order of the trace to ``predict'' the executions that expose the hidden races. Ideally, the predictive analysis should allow the schedule mutation to change the memory location accessed by the field access, which helps meet the ``same memory location'' requirement of the data race. However, existing predictive approaches, including causality-preserving approaches and symbolic approaches, lack this capability. We propose the first predictive analysis that allows changing the accessed locations. The key challenge is that modeling of the field accesses relies on the location, which may however become unknown due to schedule mutation. We solve this challenge through a novel combination of predictive analysis and pointer analysis. Furthermore, unlike previous work, our analysis applies a hybrid encoding scheme to increase practical applicability. We have implemented our approach as a prototype IPA, and compared it against the most recent predictive analysis over a set of popular Java applications. Our experimental evaluation confirms the effectiveness of our approach:IPA is able to find close to 2X as many races as previous approaches.
An iLBP Family Member Domain Swapped Dimer is Evidence for a Highly Ordered Folding Intermediate

Human Cellular Retinol Binding Protein II (hCRBP II), a member of the intracellular Lipid binding protein (iLBP) family, is a monomeric protein responsible for the intracellular transport of retinol and retinal. HCRBP II and other members of this family have been shown to be remarkably stable to mutations. Previous studies on other proteins of this family have shown that they fold into monomeric species. However we report, for the first time, that wild-type (WT) hCRBP II gives rise to an extensive domain swapped dimer (involving almost 50% of the protein sequence) during bacterial expression. In addition, there is no evidence of interconversion between monomer and dimer at room temperature, even after weeks of incubation, suggesting that two non-interconverting folds can result from the same amino acid sequence. Though wild-type hCRBP II forms the dimer, the propensity for dimerization can be substantially increased via mutation at Tyr60. Structural studies of wild-type and several mutant dimers suggest that an “open monomer” folding intermediate gives rise to both monomer and dimer, and their ratio depends on the relative orientation of the two halves of the protein in the open monomer intermediate. Therefore, Nature may build in an interaction (a Tyr60-Glu72 hydrogen bond) in a folding intermediate to prevent dimerization to yield the physiologically relevant monomeric protein, begging the question of whether other members of the iLBP family form physiologically relevant dimer species.
Cold test of homogeneous and inhomogeneous slow wave structures for high power backward wave oscillators

We present the fabrication, testing and validation of novel slow wave concepts for slow wave structures used in designing high power backward wave oscillators(BWO). A key aspect of the design is the reversal of the mode dominance to ensure mode purity. Cold test results of the designed homogeneous slow wave structure showed excellent agreement with simulated dispersion curves and validated mode dominance reversal. Hot test simulations using a commercial Particle-in-Cell code also demonstrate an output power of 8.25 MW at 2.62 GHz corresponding to a beam-to-mode conversion efficiency of 70% when using a 3-section inhomogeneous SWS. By contrast, nominal efficiencies of homogeneous conventional SWSs are 20–30%.
Interpolation and Approximation

Most engineering and scientific phenomena, such as the surface of a landscape or the continuously changing temperature at a location are inherently infinite in space or time or both. We cannot measure all the data. Generally it is possible to record surface elevation values or the temperature only at some specific locations and times.
New species and records of Liposcelis Motschulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) from Hawaii with first description of the male of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel

Sampling of arthropods in ground and woody vegetation habitats in highland areas on the islands of Hawaii and Maui revealed six species of psocids of the genus Liposcelis. Three are new and are here described. L. maunakea sp. n. and L. volcanorum sp. n. are closely related and form a small species complex together with L. nasus Sommerman and L. deltachi Sommerman from southwestern United States and northern Mexico. A key to the species of this complex is included. The third new species, L. kipukae sp. n., is a member of group II-C with only 5 ommatidia in the eye. A key to the known species of group II-C with fewer than 7 ommatidia in the eye is included. First Hawaiian records are presented for L. bostrychophila Badonnel, L. deltachi, and L. rufa Broadhead. The first known males of L. bostrychophila are reported and described. This species is very widespread, but generally parthenogenetic.
Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial antibiotic alternatives to enhance growth, immunity, and gut health in poultry.

The increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria combined with regulatory pressure and consumer demands for foods produced without antibiotics has caused the agricultural industry to rest...
The PI3K Signaling Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling axis has been intensively studied in many cancer systems. Current evidence suggests deregulation of this pathway plays a unique role in the initiation, development, and recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A heterogeneous disease by nature, HNSCC encompasses a disparate collection of anatomical sites with complex tumor biology. Yet, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling has an intimate role in nearly every facet of this disease. In this chapter, we will provide a brief introduction to the mechanisms involved in PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling and how specific alterations in these signaling nodes enable HNSCC development. We will also discuss differences in PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling with respect to HPV status. A number of inhibitors targeting multiple nodes in this pathway have been developed as agents have broad application across many cancer types. We will briefly review how these therapeutic agents are being evaluated and what predictive biomarkers have been established in HNSCC for these drugs. Finally, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling represents an important source of resistance to radiation, chemotherapy, and other targeted agents. We will also speculate on how PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR inhibitors may increase the efficacy of these established therapies. Although PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR investigations are relatively new to HNSCC research, early evidence suggests further evaluation of this essential signal transduction pathway is warranted.
Redox Regulation of K+ Channels and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

The pulmonary vasculature is unique in that hypoxia causes vasoconstriction; whereas, most systemic vessels dilate (Daut et al., 1990). Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) serves as an adaptive mechanism by which blood flow is diverted from poorly ventilated to better ventilated regions of the lung to optimize ventilation/perfusion matching (Archer and Weir, 1989a; Cutaia and Rounds, 1990).
The effect of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy on breast-related charges: A 5-year analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine charges following unilateral mastectomy (UM) and bilateral mastectomy (BM) for patients with unilateral breast cancer (UBC). We hypothesized that BM may be associated with fewer charges over time. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of patients with UBC treated between 2006 and 2010 with UM and BM in a large healthcare system. Institutional billing data were investigated for 5 years postoperatively to calculate the immediate and subsequent charges of all inpatient and outpatient breast-related care associated with the initial diagnosis for a subset of patients identified using propensity score matching method. RESULTS A subset of matched patients (n = 320) undergoing UM (n = 160) or BM (n = 160) were included in this analysis. At 1 year, there was a trend toward lower total charges following UM as compared with BM (median, $125 230 vs $138 467; P = .6075). However, during years 2 to 5, total charges were significantly higher following UM vs BM ($22 128 vs $13 478; P = .0116). CONCLUSIONS While initially higher, overall charges for BM are lower than UM between 2 and 5 years out from surgery. Further study is necessary to determine if this trend is sustained over the long term. These data can inform patient decision making regarding mastectomy for their breast cancer.
Tuesdays with Worry: Appreciating nature with a dog at the end of life

Dogs have been called ‘social lubricants’ for their uncanny ability to help people with serious illnesses and trauma find brief moments of catharsis, create meaningful relationships when there are ...
VECSEL-based frequency comb in the MIR

The mid-infrared (MIR) region above 3 microns is of great interest for spectroscopic applications. Because it is difficult to produce mode-locked laser sources that emit natively in this region, difference frequency generation (DFG) is a popular method to produce mid-IR output using more traditional laser oscillators. Previous examples include fiber based DFG sources and OPOs, which are typically limited to repetition rates on the order of tens to hundreds of MHz. VECSELs allow access to higher repetition rates, while the use of highly nonlinear waveguides enables the requisite spectral broadening despite the lower pulse energy. In this work we present a VECSEL-based frequency comb that uses DFG to produce output in the 3-4 micron range. This system is based on a mode-locked VECSEL emitting at a 1030 nm wavelength with a 1.6 GHz repetition rate. A Yb fiber amplification system is used to increase the power to over 10W and compress the pulses to sub-90 fs. Coherent spectral broadening out to 1560 nm is achieved with a nonlinear waveguide. By combining the 1030 nm and 1560 nm beams in a PPLN DFG crystal, 290 mW of mid IR output between 3.0 and 3.5 microns is produced. Since the DFG light is produced by two wavelengths from the same oscillator, the carrier envelope offset frequency is cancelled, producing an offset free comb requiring stabilization of only a single degree of freedom. We characterize this VECSEL based frequency comb and discuss the advantages it provides for spectroscopic applications.
The Nishnaabemwin restructuring controversy: new empirical evidence

The categorical deletion of unstressed vowels from iterative feet differentiates serial theories of phonology from parallel theories. Of at least equal importance is whether language learners acquire rhythmic syncope. A potentially illustrative case comes from the recent development of Nishnaabemwin (Algonquian), which extended unstressed vowel reduction until it approximated categorical rhythmic syncope. In response, an entire generational cohort reportedly carried out a dramatic restructuring by innovating a novel set of person prefixes and losing the surface alternations. However, the original reports are subject to some dispute. To shed further light on the status of rhythmic syncope in Modern Nishnaabemwin, this paper details three surveys of the first cohort of speakers born during the near-syncope period. The surveys indicate that, despite familiarity with the original system, the entire generational cohort uniformly adopted the innovative system.
Fellini’s negative art: Petrarch and Ariosto in Il Casanova:

This article examines Fellini’s use of Petrarch and Ariosto in Il Casanova. The author argues that they exemplify two different artistic conceptions: Petrarch incarnates an art that is solipsistic,...
Trajectory Optimization for a Wheel-Legged System for Dynamic Maneuvers that Allow for Wheel Slip

Wheel-legged systems have the potential to combine the benefits of two heavily studied research areas: the speed and efficiency of locomotion on wheels with the versatility and agility to surmount various obstacles of legged systems. However, there have been limited results in dynamic locomotion taking advantage of both of these areas. In this paper, we present a trajectory optimization framework for a skating system on passive unactuated wheels, which has no means to locomote itself without exploiting tangential frictional forces. Research in planning for wheeled systems traditionally enforces non-slip (the velocity in the rolling direction is exactly equal to the wheel angular velocity multiplied by the wheel radius, without loss) and non-skid (no velocity perpendicular to the wheel roll direction) conditions, which may be violated in practice, especially over terrains with low coefficients of friction such as icy or slippery roads. By explicitly modeling friction, and specifically not enforcing these traditional non-slip and non-skid conditions, our framework naturally discovers dynamic maneuvers to avoid and/or exploit wheel slipping and skidding depending on the cost function. We illustrate several examples such as energy-efficient forward locomotion, skidding to a halt, and hybrid wheel-legged skating. A video showing these examples can be found at https://youtu.be/SV7Kw3vlRQI.
Follow-up Study on the Effects of Tendon Transfers and Open Reduction on Moderate Glenohumeral Joint Deformity in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury.

Background Soft-tissue contractures about the shoulder in patients with brachial plexus birth injury are common and can lead to progressive shoulder displacement and glenohumeral dysplasia. Open or arthroscopic reduction with musculotendinous lengthening and tendon transfers have become the standard of care. The clinical function and radiographic joint remodeling beyond the first 2 years after surgery are not well understood. Methods We performed a follow-up study of 20 patients with preexisting mild to moderate glenohumeral joint deformity who had undergone open glenohumeral joint reduction with latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfers and concomitant musculotendinous lengthening of the pectoralis major and/or subscapularis. Prospective collection of Modified Mallet and Active Movement Scale (AMS) scores and radiographic analysis of cross-sectional imaging for glenoid version, humeral head subluxation, and glenohumeral joint deformity classification were analyzed for changes over time. Results The average duration of radiographic follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 2 to 6 years). The mean glenoid version improved from -31.8° to -15.4° (p Conclusions All parameters showed the greatest magnitude of improvement between preoperative measurements and 1 year of follow-up. There were no significant changes beyond the 1-year time point in the Mallet scores, AMS scores, or radiographic outcome measures, possibly because of insufficient power, although trends of improvement were noted for some outcomes. No decline in outcome measures was found during the study period. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Chronic chest pain: Where is the pathology?

'The New England Pediatric Pulmonary Consortium (NEPPC; Participating institutions include: MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston Children's Hospital, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston Medical Center, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Dartmouth Hitchcock) was founded in 1983. Physicians and trainees discuss and debate active cases involving pediatric patients with respiratory disease. The following dynamic case analysis based upon presentations at the NEPPC takes the reader through an iterative, experiential learning approach while promoting active learning. Challenge points allow for learner reflection and built in podcasts enable the reader to hear the consortium's deliberations.' This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Welcome to the Fuzzy-Verse

We expect the laws of nature that describe the universe to be exact, but what if that isn't true, wonders philosopher Eddy Keming Chen
The Impact of Hospital and Health System Leadership Development Practices on Bond Ratings.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Shifts in healthcare policy, patient consumerism, and organizational consolidation are driving the need for hospitals and health systems to adapt if they are to achieve sustainability. Prior research has suggested that businesses with strong leadership development practices also demonstrate greater financial success and competitive performance. However, few studies have examined the impact of leadership development on organization-level outcomes, generally, or in the healthcare industry, specifically.Our goal in this study was to examine the association between organizational leadership development practices and external perceptions of creditworthiness in the form of bond ratings. Data were drawn from the 2014 and 2016 distributions of the National Center for Healthcare Leadership's National Health Leadership Survey; organizational credit ratings were obtained from Moody's Investors Service and S&P Global Solutions. Spearman's rho correlations and polynomial ranked regressions were used to determine the significance of the relationships between leadership development practices and bond ratings. Results provide preliminary evidence of associations between investing in leadership development and organizational creditworthiness. They also suggest, however, that the most financially successful health systems may de-emphasize certain kinds of leadership development practices relative to their peers. We discuss implications of these findings for organizational leaders investing in human capital as well as healthcare executives evaluating the development potential of prospective employers.
Primary Pancreatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Primary pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma (PPSRCC) is a rare (<1%) poorly reported histopathological variant of pancreatic cancer with ill-defined treatment guidelines. Herein, we d...
Novel Ocean Futures: Anticipating Great Change in the World's Marine Protected Areas

Climate change has far-reaching implications for the continued utility of marine protected areas (MPAs) as the ocean's biogeochemistry is altered. We employed an application of information theory to measure the departure from historical conditions of six key marine biogeochemical variables for all parts of the ocean and the largest MPAs. We analyzed a multi-model ensemble (CMIP6) under three climate change scenarios and found that between 76-97% of the largest MPAs will exhibit significant departures from current conditions in their biogeochemical profiles, with most novel conditions emerging as soon as the 2030s (pH) and most others by 2060. These results suggest that many of the largest MPAs will contain environmental conditions unlike those currently within their boundaries, and, given the likelihood of any of these climate futures unfolding, present-day management may need to consider alterations to current and future MPA planning.
Application of Peroxyacetic Acid for Decontamination of Raw Poultry Products and Comparison to Other Commonly Used Chemical Antimicrobial Interventions: A Review

ABSTRACT Poultry remains one of the top food commodities responsible for foodborne illness in the United States, despite poultry industry efforts since the inception of hazard analysis and critical control point to reduce the burden of foodborne illness implicating poultry products. The appropriate use of antimicrobial compounds during processing of raw poultry can help minimize this risk. Currently, peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is the most popular antimicrobial in the poultry industry, displacing chlorine compounds and others. The aim of this review was to compare the effectiveness of PAA to that of other antimicrobials for the decontamination of raw poultry carcasses and parts. Twenty-six articles were found that compared PAA with over 20 different antimicrobials, applied as spray or immersion treatments for different exposure times and at different concentrations. The most common comparisons were to chlorine compounds (17 articles), to lactic acid compounds (five articles), and to cetylpyridinium chloride (six articles). Studies measured effectiveness by reductions in native flora or inoculated bacteria, usually Salmonella or Campylobacter. PAA was found to be more effective than chlorine under most conditions studied. Effectiveness of PAA was higher than or comparable to that of lactic acid compounds and cetylpyridinium chloride depending on product and treatment conditions. Overall, the results of primary literature studies support the popularity of PAA as an effective intervention against pathogenic bacteria during poultry processing. HIGHLIGHTS
A novel mechanism for flooding based route discovery in ad hoc networks

To avoid the problem of wireless broadcast storm, the random rebroadcast delay (RRD) approach was introduced in the process of flooding-based route discovery in DSR and AODV protocols. We identify the "next-hop racing" phenomena due to the RRD approach and propose a positional attribute based next-hop determination approach (PANDA) to address this problem. Based on positional attributes such as the relative distance, estimated link lifetime, transmission power consumption, an intermediate node will identify itself as good or bad candidate for the next-hop node and use different rebroadcast delay accordingly. Through simulations we evaluate the performance of PANDA using path optimality, end-to-end delay, and transmission power consumption. Simulation results show that PANDA can: (a) improve path optimality, and end-to-end delay, (b) help find data paths with only 15%/spl sim/40% energy consumption compared to the RRD approach.
ASHP National Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Practice-2020.

Purpose Results of the first ASHP National Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Practice are presented. Methods A sample of 230 leaders in health-system specialty pharmacies were contacted by email and invited to participate in a survey hosted using an online survey application. The survey sample was compiled from ASHP member lists, through review of data from other ASHP surveys indicating the presence of specialty pharmacies, and by outreach to ASHP member organizational leaders. Results The response rate was 53.0%. Most health-system specialty pharmacies dispense 30,000 or fewer specialty prescriptions per year, have an annual revenue of $100 million or less, are part of an entity eligible to participate in the 340B Drug Pricing Program, operate 1 specialty pharmacy location, have at least 1 specialty pharmacy accreditation, dispense nonspecialty medications in addition to specialty medications, and employ an average of 13 pharmacists and 15 technicians. More than two-thirds of health-system specialty pharmacies (68.8%) dispense no more than half of the prescriptions written by their providers due to payer network restrictions or limited distribution drugs. The health-system specialty pharmacy practice model includes access to the electronic health record (100% of respondents), pharmacists and technicians dedicated to specific clinics (64.9% and 57.7%, respectively), specialty pharmacist involvement in treatment decisions and drug therapy selection prior to the prescription being written (64.9%), and documenting recommendations and progress notes in patients' electronic health record (93.4%). Most health-system specialty pharmacies (83.3%) offer experiential or formal education in specialty pharmacy. Top challenges that survey respondents expected to face in the next year included restricted access to payer networks and limited distribution drugs, 340B Drug Pricing Program changes, and shrinking reimbursement from payers. Conclusion The health-system specialty pharmacy represents an integrated advanced practice model that incorporates specialty medication-use management across the continuum of care.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on CXCR4 expression in human breast cancer

3487 Introduction: The overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to play a pivotal role in breast cancer metastasis. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated decreased cell migration and abrogation of metastatic disease when agents that specifically block CXCR4 are given. Its clinical significance, however, is still being elucidated. Studies have shown CXCR4 to be overexpressed in human breast cancer tissue versus benign breast tissue. In recent literature, CXCR4 overexpression has also been associated with lymph node metastasis. In this study, we examined the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on CXCR4 overexpression in breast cancer patients. Methods: A prospective database of 1202 breast cancer patients was culled for this study. Eleven patients were identified with both pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy tissue specimens in our tissue bank. The patients were all diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer (Stage IIB - III), and were found to have no evidence of systemic metastasis on subsequent staging work-up. The standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen was four cycles of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. Ten patients underwent post-neoadjuvant modified radical mastectomy, and one underwent breast conservation therapy. All eleven patients had either complete or partial response to chemotherapy. CXCR4 overexpression was quantified by western blot analysis and reported as x-fold elevated compared to Hela cells. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Rank Sum, Chi Square, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Results: The mean CXCR4 level was 8.8 ± 5 fold (mean ± standard deviation over benign controls). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduced the mean CXCR4 level to 3.2 ± 2.7 fold, resulting in a mean difference of 5.6 ± 4.0 (62% reduction) and a statistically significant reduction in CXCR4 levels (p=0.002 Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test). Both pre-neoadjuvant and post-neoadjuvant CXCR4 levels were found to have no statistically significant correlation to tumor size, nodal, HER2, ER, PR status, or pathological stage (Chi Square Analysis). A persistently elevated post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy CXCR4 level above the mean (3.2) was associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence (p=0.041 Log-rank test). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduces levels of CXCR4 overexpression in breast cancer. Elevated post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy CXCR4 expression appears to predict cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients, but a larger patient sample is necessary for proper evaluation.
Verification of floating-point software

Floating point computation presents a number of problems for formal verification. Should one treat the actual details of floating point operations, or accept them as imprecisely defined, or should one ignore round-off error altogether and behave as if floating point operations are perfectly accurate. There is the further problem that a numerical algorithm usually only approximately computes some mathematical function, and we often do not know just how good the approximation is, even in the absence of round-off error. ORA has developed a theory of asymptotic correctness which allows one to verify floating point software with a minimum entanglement in these problems. This theory and its implementation in the Ariel C verification system are described. The theory is illustrated using a simple program which finds a zero of a given function by bisection. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.
Classical and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Macromolecules

Classical and Resonance Raman spectroscopy have been developed over the last 10 years as an important method for studying the conformation and dynamics of biological macromolecules, and membranes containing phospholipids. The method has the advantage that samples may be studied in dilute aqueous solutions, fibers, films or crystals so that correlations between X-ray diffraction determined conformation and other optical spectroscopic methods in dilute solution may be obtained.
A quantitative study of the Frank vectorcardiogram. A comparison of younger and older normal populations.

Abstract A quantitative analysis of the Frank system vectorcardiograms, including electronically amplified T loops, of 228 young normal adults and 50 normal adults over 40 years of age, demonstrated remarkable similarities between the two groups. In both, the T loops maintained counterclockwise rotation in the horizontal and sagittal planes, very narrow ranges of magnitude and direction in all planes, and asymmetry of inscription (slow efferent and rapid afferent limbs). The principal T loop change with aging was a decrease in the length-to-width ratio in the horizontal and sagittal planes; the minimal ratio for the older group was 1, compared to 2 for the younger group. The normal QRS loop in adults over the age of 40 differed from that of younger adults in the following respects: (1) It was shifted leftward and superiorly, presenting a greater area broadside to the horizontal plane. (2) The variation in the direction of its maximal vector was decreased, along with the reduction in configurational differences. (3) The magnitude of its maximal vector was significantly less than that of the younger group in the sagittal and horizontal planes. This suggests that different vectorcardiographic voltage criteria for left ventricular enlargement will be required for each group. Analysis of the resolved open plane added little to nothing to the information readily available from standard views. In light of the cost and complexity of the equipment and the time required for its use, a spatial aspect changer is not considered clinically valuable at this time.
Motor Units: Anatomy, Physiology, and Functional Organization

The sections in this article are: 1 Motor Unit Types 1.1 Muscle Fiber Types: Histochemical Profiles and Ultrastructural Correlations 1.2 Motor Unit Types: Physiological Profiles in Experimental Animals 1.3 Motor Units in Human Muscle 1.4 Stability of Motor Unit Types 1.5 Developmental Considerations 1.6 Skeletofusimotor Units 2 Anatomical Considerations 2.1 Anatomy of Muscle Units 2.2 Anatomy of Motor Nuclei 2.3 Motoneuron Anatomy in Relation to Unit Type 2.4 Electrophysiological Properties Intrinsic to Motoneurons 2.5 Organization of Synaptic Input 2.6 Control of Motoneuron Excitability: Interactive Factors 3 Control of Muscular Action: Recruitment and Rate Modulation 3.1 Motor Unit Recruitment 3.2 Precision and Stereotypy in Recruitment Process 3.3 Output Modulation by Rate and Pattern of Motoneuron Firing 3.4 Recruitment or Rate and Pattern Modulation? 4 Summary and Concluding Comments
Census 2010 LGBT Basics

Author(s): Gates, Gary | Abstract: This brief provides information for the LGBT community about the upcoming Census 2010.
Renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium on ct appears as a simple cyst on sonography

Milk of calcium within a renal cyst typically layers in the dependent aspect of the cyst and appears echogenic with posterior shadowing and reverberation echoes on sonography. We present a rare case of a renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium, which appeared sonolucent with enhanced through transmission. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:100–102, 2014