cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass spectra of organometallic compounds—XIII: Metal carbonyl complexes of tris(dimethylamino)arsine

The mass spectra of the tris(dimethylamino)arsine metal carbonyl complexes [(CH3)2N]3-AsM(CO)5 (M = Cr, Mo and W), trans-[(CH3)2N]3AsCr(CO)4As[N(CH3)2]3 and [(CH3)2N]3-AsFe(CO)4 were examined and compared with those of the corresponding tris(dimethylamino)-phosphine complexes. The molecular ions in the mass spectra of the tris(dimethylamino)arsine complexes have a greater tendency to eliminate a (CH3)2N fragment than the molecular ions in the mass spectra of the corresponding tris(dimethylamino)phosphine complexes. The mass spectrum of the tungsten derivative [(CH3)2N]3AsW(CO)5 exhibits not only the usual series of ions [(CH3)2N]3-AsW(CO)n+ and [(CH3)2N]2AsW(CO)n[+ but also the series of ions (CH3)2NAsW(CO)n]+ (n = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0) and even the nitrogen-free ions [AsW(CO)n]+ (n = 2, 1 and 0). Metastable ion evidence was obtained for arsine (AsH3) elimination from the [(CH3)2N]2AsFeH+ ion in the mass spectrum of [(CH3)2N]3AsFe(CO)4.
N-acylethanolamine accumulation in infarcted myocardium

Long-chain N-acylethanolamines were found at levels of 400–500 nmol per g tissue in the infarcted areas of canine myocardium 24 hours after coronary artery ligation. Peripheral infarct areas also contained substantial amounts (200 nmol/g) while apparently normal heart muscle contained very little (< 10 nmol/g). The amide linked fatty acids were mainly 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2. Because of its anti-inflammatory activity, N-acylethanolamine may exert beneficial effects in the infarcted area and may be produced as a response to ischemic injury.
TH-A-9A-09: Optimal Feedback Control with Feed Forward for a Robotic 4D Stage in Frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Purpose: A novel 4D robotic system was developed to correct both translational and rotational head motion deviations during frameless image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) procedures. The work presents a systematic approach to optimize correction performance. Methods: The system included a robotic 4D (XYZ+Pitch) stage, a head position sensing unit and a control computer. The measured head position signal was processed and a resulting command was sent to the interface of a 4-axis motor controller, through which 4 stepper motors were driven to perform motion compensation. Due to the displacement between the lesion and the pivot of the 4D stage, the rotation of the 4D stage leads to both intended rotational and undesired translational motion of the lesion. To address the issue, feedback control with feed forward was utilized in control law design, and coupling coefficients were online tuned to improve control performance. The synchronization of all 4 axes motion was found to be crucial in the decoupling control. Results: A dynamic 6D head phantom was placed on the top of the 4D stage and was used both to perform pure 4D displacements together with simulating actual framless SRS patient head motion. The 4D stage was applied to compensate such motion. The translational displacement 7 mm and pitch displacement 0.8 degree were corrected in 5 seconds without overshoot, and the steady errors were less than 0.15 mm and 0.04 degree, respectively. For a 15 minutes test with 0.25 mm and 0.07 degree target position tolerance, a subject within tolerance in 1% of the time without motion correction, while this was increased to 99.5% with motion correction. Conclusion: We report a general control design approach for both translational and rotational head motion correction. The experiments demonstrated that control performance of the 4D robotic stage meets real time sub-millimeter accuracy requirement of frameless SRS. Research was partially funded by NIH Grant T32 EB002103-21 from NIBIB. Contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIBIB or NIH.
Evaluation Of The Focal Spot Characteristics Of Diagnostic X-Ray Tubes

One of the important causes of loss of resolution in a radiographic system is the finite size and shape of the x-ray focal spot (1). A knowledge of the limitations imposed by the focal spot is particularly important when one attempts to improve upon resolution by direct magnification (2,3).
Dual pathways for tactile sensory information to thoracic interneurons in the cockroach

The escape system of the American cockroach is both fast and directional. In response to wind stimulation both of these characteristics are largely due to the properties of the ventral giant interneurons (vGIs), which conduct sensory information from the cerci on the rear of the animal to type A thoracic interneurons (TIAs) in the thoracic ganglia. The cockroach also escapes from tactile stimuli, and although vGIs are not involved in tactile-mediated escapes, the same thoracic interneurons process tactile sensory information. The response of TIAs to tactile information is typically biphasic. A rapid initial depolarization is followed by a longer latency depolarization that encodes most if not all of the directional information in the tactile stimulus. We report here that the biphasic response of TIAs to tactile stimulation is caused by two separate conducting pathways from the point of stimulation to the thoracic ganglia. Phase 1 is generated by mechanical conduction along the animal's body cuticle or other physical structures. It cannot be eliminated by complete lesion of the nerve cord, and it is not evoked in response to electrical stimulation of abdominal nerves that contain the axons of sensory receptors in abdominal segments. However, it can be eliminated by lesioning the abdominal nerve cord and nerve 7 of the metathoracic ganglion together, suggesting that the relevant sensory structures send axons in nerve 7 and abdominal nerves of anterior abdominal ganglia. Phase 2 of the TIA tactile response is generated by a typical neural pathway that includes mechanoreceptors in each abdominal segment, which project to interneurons with axons in either abdominal connective. Those interneurons with inputs from receptors that are ipsilateral to their axon have a greater influence on TIAs than those that receive inputs from the contralateral side. The phase 1 response has an important role in reducing initiation time for the escape response. Animals in which the phase 2 pathway has been eliminated by lesion of the abdominal nerve cord are still capable of generating a partial startle response with a typically short latency even when stimulated posterior to the lesion.
Relic gravitons, dominant energy condition, and bulk viscous stresses

If the energy momentum tensor contains bulk viscous stresses violating the dominant energy condition (DEC), the energy spectra of the relic gravitons (produced at the time of the DEC's violation) increase in frequency in a calculable way. In a general relativistic context, we give examples where the DEC is only violated for a limited amount of time after which the ordinary (radiation dominated) evolution takes place. We connect our discussion to some recent remarks of Grishchuk concerning the detectability of the stochastic gravitational wave background by the forthcoming interferometric detectors.
Stable “Waterbelt” climates controlled by tropical ocean heat transport: A nonlinear coupled climate mechanism of relevance to Snowball Earth

Ongoing controversy about Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth events motivates a theoretical study of stability and hysteresis properties of very cold climates. A coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model (GCM) has four stable equilibria ranging from 0% to 100% ice cover, including a “Waterbelt” state with tropical sea ice. All four states are found at present-day insolation and greenhouse gas levels and with two idealized ocean basin configurations. The Waterbelt is stabilized against albedo feedback by intense but narrow wind-driven ocean overturning cells that deliver roughly 100 W m−2 heating to the ice edges. This requires three-way feedback between winds, ocean circulation, and ice extent in which circulation is shifted equatorward, following the baroclinicity at the ice margins. The thermocline is much shallower and outcrops in the tropics. Sea ice is snow-covered everywhere and has a minuscule seasonal cycle. The Waterbelt state spans a 46 W m−2 range in solar constant, has a significant hysteresis, and permits near-freezing equatorial surface temperatures. Additional context is provided by a slab ocean GCM and a diffusive energy balance model, both with prescribed ocean heat transport (OHT). Unlike the fully coupled model, these support no more than one stable ice margin, the position of which is slaved to regions of rapid poleward decrease in OHT convergence. Wide ranges of different climates (including the stable Waterbelt) are found by varying the magnitude and spatial structure of OHT in both models. Some thermodynamic arguments for the sensitivity of climate, and ice extent to OHT are presented.
Rosmarinus officinalis as an Antioxidant

Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L., has become one of the natural antioxidants used to replace synthetic antioxidants or allow the use of synthetics in lesser quantities to preserve food and cosmetic products. This literature review summarizes the many antioxidant trials in which rosemary and rosemary extracts have been tested for antioxidant activity in comparison with other chemicals. As an antioxidant, rosemary has become to be regarded as potentially safer than chemical synthetic antioxidants.
THE IODINE CONTENT OF THE BLOOD FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY

1. After thyroidectomy in dogs the iodine content of the blood is increased. 2. The administration of fresh thyroid gland of sheep by mouth to thyroidectomized dogs causes the iodine content of the blood to fall so that it returns to the normal preoperative level; when the thyroid feeding is discontinued the iodine content of the blood is again increased.
Miscounting the Spanish origin population in the United States: corrections to the 1970 census and their implications.

The purpose of this...paper is three-fold: (a) to identify the discrepancies in the 1970 census figures [for the Spanish-origin population in the United States] (b) to suggest alternative strategies for correcting the original figures and briefly report on an estimate of the possible correct figures for 1970 and (c) to briefly summarize the implications of the corrected figures for past and present research. The revised figures lower the total Spanish-origin population by about one million and increase the relative importance of specific groups such as Mexicans Puerto Ricans and Cubans. The results also indicate that the rate of growth for the Spanish-origin population from 1970 to 1980 was higher than previously estimated. (summary in FRE SPA) (EXCERPT)
Consuls for hire: Private actors, public diplomacy

In a world increasingly conditioned by the speed and efficiency of information and communication technologies, the need for nation-state governments to communicate directly to foreign publics has increased significantly. Public diplomacy has had to become more fully integrated with, and more central to, governments’ overall approaches to diplomatic representation and communication. Effective public diplomacy has also become crucial for diplomatic actors such as governments of regions and of not widely recognised nation-states, which seek to assert their identity through gaining recognition by the global public as well as by established governments. All have had to learn from the political communications strategies of large global firms, which have become skilled in communicating to global public audiences over the past three decades. Governments and other diplomatic actors aspiring to recognition have turned increasingly to private firms specialising in political communication and representation to conduct diplomacy on their behalf. Many such firms entered this business by ‘going global’ after building up expertise in domestic political representation and communication and in lobbying. This paper explores and evaluates a topography of how governments have interacted with private actors to construct diplomatic strategies of representation and image management.
Government's Helium Conservation Program: ABSTRACT

Helium, one of the completely inert gases and a short time ago considered a rare gas, has become important in many ways. Large quantities are being used in metallurgical processes, in the development of nuclear power and in national defense. First discovered as a constituent of the sun in 1868, and on the earth in 1895, it was only in 1903 that it was found in natural gas. With first commercial production from natural gas on a very limited scale in 1918, the annual production and demand for helium today is approximately 330 million cubic feet--70 times the production in 1937. Increased demands are seen for the future. Helium is being lost at the rate of more than 3 billion cubic feet per year through the marketing of fuel gas containing it, and there have been few significant discoveries of new helium sources in the last 15 years. The Department of the Interior proposes a helium conservation program that would extract helium from fuel gas going to market and store it for future use. By such a program it is anticipated that an adequate supply of helium will be reasonably assured up to the year 2000. Legislation to provide for such a program has been presented to the Congress for consideration. Private industry would be invited to participate in the program but if it should not indicate a willingness and capability to perform in a reasonable time, the Government would undertake the program as a Gover ment operation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 127------------
Low-temperature phase of a stacked triangular Ising antiferromagnet

We have investigated a model consisting of planes of Ising spins withantiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions on a triangular lattice connected by nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic bonds in the third direction. It is shown that Landau theory, mean-field theory, and conventional low-temperature expansions are not reliable for this model. We have also studied a class of one-dimensional frustrated Ising models which have low-temperature expansions with irrational coefficients, indicating that the usual method of counting excitations about ground-state configurations cannot be used to construct their low-temperature series. The results from the one-dimensional models are used to obtain bounds on the free energy and information about the magnetization of the three-dimensional model at low temperatures.
Filter wheel equalization for chest radiography: a computer simulation

A chest radiographic equalization system using lung-shaped templates mounted on filter wheels is under development. Using this technique, 25 lung templates for each lung are available on two computer controlled wheels which are located in close proximity to the x-ray tube. The large magnification factor (> 10X) of the templates assures low-frequency equalization due to the blurring of the focal spot. A low-dose image is acquired without templates using a (generic) digital receptor, the image is analyzed, and the left and right lung fields are automatically identified using software developed for this purpose. The most appropriate left and right lung templates are independently selected and are positioned into the field of view at the proper location under computer control. Once the templates are positioned, acquisition of the equalized radiographic image onto film commences at clinical exposure levels. The templates reduce the exposure to the lung fields by attenuating a fraction of the incident x-ray fluence so that the exposure to the mediastinum and diaphragm areas can be increased without overexposing the lungs. A data base of 824 digitized chest radiographs was used to determine the shape of the specific lung templates, for both left and right lung fields. A second independent data base of 208 images was used to test the performance of the templates using computer simulations. The template shape characteristics derived from the clinical image data base are demonstrated. The detected exposure in the lung fields on conventional chest radiographs was found to be, on average, three times the detected exposure behind the diaphragm and mediastinum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aesthetic preference and resemblance of viewer's personality to paintings

We investigated the hypothesis that the degree to which a viewer likes a painting is related to the similarity between the attributes the viewer perceives in the painting and the attributes the viewer perceives in his or her own personality. This relation may reveal itself not only in terms of resemblance to the person’s image of real self, but also in terms of resemblance to ideal self, the self the person would like to be. To test these hypotheses, 32 subjects (1) rated how much they liked each of 12 paintings, and (2) rated the same paintings, their “real” selves, and their “ideal” selves on identical sets of bipolar adjectives. The results showed a clear relaion between liking and similarity to ideal self, and a weaker, although also reliable, relation between liking and similarity to real self.
Implicit Theories, Epistemic Beliefs, and Science Motivation: A Person-Centered Approach

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore (a) the individual belief profiles that naturally arise among middle and high school science students (n = 1225); (b) the relationships between these profiles to science achievement and other prominent motivation variables; and (c) the demographic and developmental differences among the belief profiles. Results revealed that a four-class solution fit the data the best. These profiles were differentially related to achievement goal orientations, science self‐efficacy, and science achievement. Differences in profiles also arose as a function of minority status, grade level, and gender. Findings support and refine Schommer-Aikins's (2004) Embedded Systemic Model of epistemic beliefs. Results are discussed in relation to theory and implications for science instruction.
Cytogenetic characterization of the 4BC region on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster: localization of the mei-9, norpA and omb genes

Thirty genetic alterations, which involve the 4BC region of the Drosophila X chromosome, have been induced by ionizing radiation or by an endogenous mutator element. These mutations were recovered by screening for reversion of the dominant mutants Oce and Qd or for induction of the recessive mutants bi and rb. Among the 23 mutants generated by ionizing radiation, 20 have proven to be cytologically detectable chromosomal aberrations. Seven additional unique aberrations were generated in the Uc mutator strain. In total, 22 cytologically detectable deficiencies, 3 translocations, 1 inversion, 1 transposition, and 3 cytologically normal mutants have been recovered. Complementation analysis has permitted the cytogenetic localization of eight genes in the 4BC region. The mei-9 locus has been assigned to region 4B4-6, because this function is carried by Df(1)rb41 but not by Df(1)biD1. The norpA locus has been placed in the 4B6-C1 region based on its location between the distal breakpoints of Df(1)biD2 and Df(1)rb41. The genes lac, Qd, bi, and omb are localized to bands 4C5,6, rb to 4C6 and amb to 4C7,8. With one exception the complementation analysis has also permitted a determination of the linear sequence of these genes. This cytogenetic localization of these loci will facilitate the cloning and molecular analysis of genes controlling a key function in DNA repair and recombination (mei-9), and two fundamental neural functions (norpA and omb).
One lost bit

The final result of prolonged computations will in general contain some errors. These errors are composed in part of computational round-off errors. This note points out one source of round-off error encountered in the IBM 709-7090 machines. An example is included which demonstrates the potential seriousness of this error and finally a means of coping with it is given. The notation used here is that used in [1].
Exome sequencing identifies the cause of a Mendelian disorder

We demonstrate the first successful application of exome sequencing to discover the gene for a rare mendelian disorder of unknown cause, Miller syndrome (MIM%263750). For four affected individuals in three independent kindreds, we captured and sequenced coding regions to a mean coverage of 40x and sufficient depth to call variants at approximately 97% of each targeted exome. Filtering against public SNP databases and eight HapMap exomes for genes with two previously unknown variants in each of the four individuals identified a single candidate gene, DHODH, which encodes a key enzyme in the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis pathway. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of DHODH mutations in three additional families with Miller syndrome. Exome sequencing of a small number of unrelated affected individuals is a powerful, efficient strategy for identifying the genes underlying rare mendelian disorders and will likely transform the genetic analysis of monogenic traits.
B physics with the DØ detector upgrade

Abstract The DO detector has been undergoing a major upgrade in preparation for the high-luminosity run at the Tevatron. This document reviews the components of the upgrade with an emphasis on the new B physics capabilities. Projections for the observability of the CP violation are made based on the upgrade simulation. It is shown that measurement of sin 2β can be achieved at DO with uncertainty below 0.1 for an integrated luminosity of 2 fb −1 .
Solution of morphological operator relations with invariance boundary conditions

The present paper formulates increasing, translation-invariant filter design for the subtractive-noise restoration problem in terms of the classical boundary-value-problem paradigm. The boundary-value problem involves both operator relations and invariant (fixed-point) boundary conditions. A design approach is formulated that derives the morphological basis expansion directly from the statement of the boundary-value problem. Solutions are found that possess both minimal bases and minimal structuring elements.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
What's a Poison Got to Do with It?

Review of: The Poisoner's Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York, by Deborah Blum; 2010; 336 pp.; The Penguin Press (New York, NY). At the beginning of the twentieth century it was common to administer poisons to get rid of unwanted people, or simply to ingest poisons by accident. The science of forensic toxicology was not well developed yet, and many death certificates were issued without properly identifying the cause of death. Language: en
How to calculate linear absorption spectra with lifetime broadening using fewest switches surface hopping trajectories: A simple generalization of ground-state Kubo theory

In this paper, we develop a surface hopping approach for calculating linear absorption spectra using ensembles of classical trajectories propagated on both the ground and excited potential energy surfaces. We demonstrate that our method allows the dipole-dipole correlation function to be determined exactly for the model problem of two shifted, uncoupled harmonic potentials with the same harmonic frequency. For systems where nonadiabatic dynamics and electronic relaxation are present, preliminary results show that our method produces spectra in better agreement with the results of exact quantum dynamics calculations than spectra obtained using the standard ground-state Kubo formalism. As such, our proposed surface hopping approach should find immediate use for modeling condensed phase spectra, especially for expensive calculations using ab initio potential energy surfaces.
Letter by Blackburn et al Regarding Article, “Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination to Detect Poststroke Cognitive Impairment? A Study With Neuropsychological Evaluation”

To the Editor: We read with interest the recent publication by Godeoroy and colleagues.1 The authors show that the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA) with a cut-off of 27 (which is the cut-off used in memory clinics to detect mild cognitive impairment) detects more poststroke patients with cognitive impairment (82%) than does the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; 45%). Godefroy et al1 show that the MoCA with a cut-off of 27 has a sensitivity of 1.00, but low specificity of 0.13. However, using a cut-off of 23 gives a sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value of 0.91, and negative predictive value of 0.71. It is surprising that the final message from the authors is that the MMSE using a cut-off <29 is …
Shape Matters: A Gold Nanoparticle Enabled Shape Memory Polymer Triggered by Laser Irradiation

With incorporation of gold nanoparticles, i.e., nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS), into a polyurethane-based shape-memory polymer (SMP) EG-72D matrix, SMP nanocomposite films capable of being remotely triggered by low-power laser are fabricated and characterized using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is demonstrated that, with incorporation of very low concentration of gold nanorods (≈0.1 wt%), the mechanically programmed EG-72D/AuNR nanocomposite presents rapid response to low power laser irradiation (785 nm, ≈10 mW). Comparative studies on the laser irradiation response of EG-72D/AuNS and EG-72D/AuNR nanocomposite films suggest that AuNRs have significantly higher photothermal conversion efficiency than AuNS and on-resonance laser irradiation, matching the wavelength of the incident laser with the longitudinal plasmon resonance of AuNR, is necessary to induce the fast response of gold nanoparticle enabled SMP nanocomposites.
Studies of single wire parallel stream type HGMS

The initial buildup process for three different paramagnetic particle slurries (Mn 2 P 2 O 7 , Mn 2 O 3 , and Cr 2 O 3 ) on a single wire is studied for parallel stream type HGMS. It is found experimentally that the accumulation radius R a as a function of time t is expressed by the equation R_{a}^n} = At + 1 . The exponent n and the coefficient A depend on the slurry concentration as well as the magnetic field. The value of n varies from about 3 to 4. These results are shown to be consistent with a model which takes into account the drag coefficient for the wide range of Reynolds numbers encountered here.
Solving Large-scale Urban Transportation Problems by Combining the Use of Multiple Traffic Simulation Models

Transportation agencies often resort to the use of traffic simulation models to evaluate the impacts of changes in network design or network operations. They often have multiple traffic simulation tools that cover the network area where changes are to be made. Nonetheless, these multiple simulators may differ in their modeling assumptions (e.g., macroscopic versus microscopic), in their reliability (e.g., quality of their calibration) as well as in their modeling scale (e.g., city-scale model versus regional-scale model). The choice of which simulation model to rely on, let alone of how to combine their use, is intricate. A larger-scale model may, for instance, capture more accurately the local-global interactions; yet may do so at a greater computational cost. This paper proposes a methodology that enables the simultaneous use of multiple traffic simulation models. The authors propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm that embeds information from simulation models with different levels of accuracy and with different levels of computational efficiency. The algorithm combines the use of high-accuracy low-efficiency models with low-accuracy high-efficiency models. This combination leads to an algorithm that can identify points with good performance at a reduced computational cost. The authors evaluate the performance of the algorithm with a traffic signal control problem on a small network. The authors show that the proposed algorithm identifies signal plans with excellent performance, i.e., with reduced average trip travel times, while doing so with a reduction in the computational cost.
Elevated plasma corticotrophin release factor levels and in utero meconium passage.

Intrauterine meconium (MEC) passage and aspiration may result in significant newborn morbidity, though there is little understanding of the physiologic mechanisms for MEC passage. We hypothesized that stress induces fetal MEC passage via corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), a known mediator of colonic motility in adult rats. Pregnant rats at e22 were subjected to acute hypoxia or normoxia for 35 min, after which rats were anesthetized and fetuses operatively delivered. Amniotic fluid bilirubin and intestinal alkaline phosphatase were measured as markers for MEC passage, and fetal and maternal plasma CRF and corticosterone levels determined. Hypoxic stress induced defecation in all dams and provoked visible MEC passage in all fetuses. Amniotic fluid bilirubin content was significantly higher in hypoxic fetuses versus controls (1.064 ± 0.101 versus 0.103 ± 0.003 O.D. at 410 nm) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase was consistently elevated in MEC stained amniotic fluid. Hypoxia significantly increased plasma CRF (maternal, 82 ± 5 to 196 ± 14 pg/mL; fetal, 284 ± 15 to 1523 ± 185 pg/mL) and corticosterone (maternal, 417 ± 50 to 1150 ± 50 ng/mL; fetal, 96 ± 5 to 182 ± 10 ng/mL) compared with controls. In view of the known action of CRF in adult colonic motility, these results suggest that hypoxic stress-mediated MEC passage in term fetal rats is mediated by a CRF dependent pathway.
Selective inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from leukemic cells by streptolydigin.

Streptolydigin inhibited terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) of both Molt-4 cells and leukocytes from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The drug did not significantly inhibit DNA polymerases α,β, and γ or RNA polymerase from these cells, or reverse transcriptase from simian sarcoma virus. Inhibition of TDT was non-competitive with respect to both initiator [(dA) 12–18 ] and substrate (dGTP). Also the extent of inhibition was similar regardless of the initiator [(dA) 12–18 , (dG) 12–18 , or activated DNA] used. In addition, inhibition was reversed either by simple dilution or by additional enzyme, but not by additional bovine serum albumin or Mn +2 . These results imply that streptolydigin selectively inhibits TDT by binding to the enzyme at a site(s) different from the initiator or substrate binding sites.
An unexpected interaction between the modular polyketide synthases, erythromycin DEBS1 and pikromycin PikAIV, leads to efficient triketide lactone synthesis.

Abstract An unusual feature of the 6-module pikromycin polyketide synthase (PikPKS, PikAI-PikAIV) of S. venezuelae is the ability to generate both 12- and 14-membered ring macrolides. The PikAIV component containing the last extension module and a thioesterase domain is responsible for generating both of these products. In the case of the 12-membered ring macrolide, an acyl-enzyme intermediate on PikAIII is able to efficiently "skip" the last extension step and is cyclized by the TE domain of PikAIV, presumably as a result of a PikAIII-PikAIV interaction. Herein we report that plasmid-based expression (pBK3) of DEBS1, which comprises the loading domain and the first two modules of the Saccharopolyspora erythrea 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase, in S. venezuelae leads to efficient 15 +/- 3 mg/L production of triketide lactone products (TKLs). Comparable levels of TKLs were observed with a plasmid (pBK1) which expressed DEBS1 fused to a TE domain (DEBS1-TE). These results are in stark contrast to previous in vivo and in vitro analyses, where only DEBS1-TE efficiently produces TKLs. Levels of TKLs decreased dramatically with expression of DEBS1 in both pikAIV and pikAIII-pikAIV deletion hosts (0.5 mg/L), but not DEBS1-TE, and could be partially restored by addition of a PikAIV complementation plasmid. These data suggest that PikAIV is able to efficiently catalyze formation of 6-membered lactone ring products from acyl-bound intermediates on DEBS1 in a manner analogous to that observed for 12-membered macrolide products from PikAIII. Significant sequence similarity and length of the C-terminal linker region of PikAIII and DEBS1 suggest that this region may be responsible for the interaction with PikAIV. A replacement of this linker region of DEBS1 with the corresponding region of PikAI led to a 95% decrease in TKL levels in S. venezuelae, consistent with this hypothesis.
Indications for Transition Zone Biopsy in the Detection of Prostatic Carcinoma

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined the indications for transition zone biopsy in the detection of prostatic carcinoma.Materials and Methods: A total of 185 men underwent 204 transition zone prostate biopsies due to elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) alone in 19 (group 1), with hypoechoic transition zone lesions in 10 (group 2) and with a previous negative transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy in 156 (group 3). In addition, 13 men underwent 19 repeat transition zone biopsies.Results: Of the patients 58 (31.4%) had positive biopsies, with 8 (4.3%) having cancer in the transition zone biopsies only. In 3 men with positive peripheral and transition zone biopsies the cancer was upgraded based on the transition zone specimens. No patient with elevated PSA and no previous biopsy (group 1) or sonographic transition zone abnormalities (group 2) had a positive transition zone biopsy only. None of the analyzed risk factors (age, PSA, prostate volume, PSA density or PSA velocity) was significantly greater in men wit...
Multicolored permutations, sequences, and tableaux

Abstract A recent extension of the classic Simon Newcomb problem involving multicolored sequences suggests the existence of two related enumeration problems on multicolored permutations and multicolored tableaux. The generating functions for these three problems constitute a “family” of results.
The Effects of Comparison others and Prior Experience on Responses to Task Design

The article discusses the influence of knowledge of other organizational tasks and prior experience on responses to task design or job enrichment. The study demonstrated that comparison group manipulation affected the quantity of job performance. Comparison group manipulation also impacted error rates in task performance. Comparison group manipulation did not affect job satisfaction although prior experience affected job satisfaction. Participants who had prior knowledge of other organizational tasks were less satisfied compared to those who had no prior experience.
Comments on excited state polarizabilities of molecules

A comparison of experimental and theoretical values for Δα = αe - αg, assuming no sigma-electron contribution, shows a great distortion by π-electron calculations. We analyze existing electrochromic data, using this assumption, and report Δα values of 44 A3 for coronene and 43 A3 for triphenylene. Some general properties of Δα are discussed in terms of potential energy curves which suggest interesting calculations to relate excited matrix elements with experimental measurements.
Using exotic antigens to measure reproduction and dispersal in Peromyscus leucopus

Free-ranging female white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were inoculated with a series of exotic (not encountered in the environment) antigens to evaluate the utility of maternally transferred a...
Formation of β‐Silicon Nitride Crystals from (Si,Al,Mg,Y)(O,N) Liquid: II, Population Dynamics and Coarsening Kinetics

Precipitation, growth, and coarsening of Si 3 N 4 crystals in (Si,Al,Mg,Y)(O,N) liquids at 1680°C has been studied. Contrary to the common observation in kinetics, coarsening rates of crystals in length and width are found to accelerate when the total volume of crystals remains little changed. This is attributed to the concomitant β-Si 3 N 4 to β'-SiAION transformation, which introduces an additional driving force for crystal dissolution and reprecipitation. As a result of the additional driving force, which has a nonmonotonic size dependence, the normalized size distribution is expected to evolve with time, initially broadening, then shifting skewing as the transformation passes the midpoint, and finally converging to a sharp distribution as the transformation completes. These evolutions have been observed in all the compositions studied.
Design Considerations For An Atmospheric Imaging Radar

This paper describes the design requirements, tradeoffs and simulations involved with the design specifications of an Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR). Design constraints are discussed including size and portability. Radar details include the range of meteorological targets detectable, maximum range, and other criteria needed for the weather radar equation. A dual pulse repetition time waveform is used to improve the maximum unambiguous velocity and range. The trade-offs in volume, sensitivity and pulse integration are described in the radar design. Calculations are made and and initial plots showing at least 15 dBZ sensitivity at 10 km are shown for a radar that will image a cone 16.5deg wide and 40 km long.
Influence of L-alanine on effects induced by L-tryptophan on rat liver

Abstract This study was designed to determine if a nuclear tryptophan receptor-ligand relationship plays a role in the stimulatory effects of L-tryptophan administration on rat liver. Two compounds, L-alanine and DL-β-(1-naphthyl)alanine(β-NA), which competed for in vitro 3 H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei similar to that of L-tryptophan but which when administered alone in vivo did not stimulate hepatic protein synthesis as did L-tryptophan, were used in this study. Rats treated with L-alanine or β-NA together or before L-tryptophan failed to demonstrate the stimulatory effects in the liver (protein synthesis, nuclear poly(A)polymerase activity, and nuclear RNA efflux) as observed in rats treated with L-tryptophan alone. The findings indicate that the enhanced hepatic protein synthesis that occurs following the in vivo administration of L-tryptophan appears to be related to L-tryptophan's ability to bind to a specific nuclear tryptophan receptor.
Structure of semisimple differentials and p-class groups in ℤp-extensions

For a wildly ramified p-extension E/F of algebraic function fields of one variable in an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p with Galois Group G, Nakajima obtained two exact sequences which determined implicitly the structure of the holomorphic semisimple differentials as k[G]-module. In this paper, in many cases, e.g., if there is a fully ramified prime, the structure is determined explicitly. Analogous results are obtained for p-extensions of ℤp-fields of CM-type. In the latter situation, if E/F is unramified, the structure of the minus part of the p-class group of E is determined as ℤp[G]-module.
Thoughts and musings on tropical Xylariaceae

The following topics are addressed: the interfaces of the Xylariaceae with related groups and the ’essence of xylariaceousness’; speciation of Xylariaceae in the tropics; the distribution of Xylariaceae in the tropics; xylariaceous fungi categorized into ecological groups based on substrate type and timing of colonization and on modes of water conservation; xylariaceous fungi as latent pathogens and endophytes; novel morphological features of xylariaceous fungi and their roles under tropical conditions.
Immunocytochemical localization of calretinin in the forebrain of the rat.

The distribution of the calcium binding protein calretinin (protein 10) was examined in the rat forebrain by immunohistochemistry. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs had immunoreactive label in granule, periglomerular, and mitral cells. Positive fibers were noted in the external plexiform and granule cell layers, glomeruli, and in the molecular layer of the anterior olfactory nucleus. The cerebral cortex contained calretinin label in nonpyramidal bipolar cells. Cells in the substantia nigra compacta and ventral tegmental area were also calretinin positive as were nigrostriatal and mesolimbic projections (caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens). In the hippocampus, interneurons were stained in all the subfields of the CA1-CA4 regions. In the thalamus, many positive cells were observed in the periventricular, reticular, lateral habenula, and reunions nuclei. Calretinin immunoreactive cells were particularly abundant in the lateral mamillary and septofimbrial nuclei. Several fiber tracts were also revealed, i.e., the lateral olfactory tract, mamillothalamic tract, fasciculus retroflexus, optic tract, and stria medullaris. These results demonstrate a distinct distribution of calretinin within cell bodies and fibers.
Socialization of permanent representatives in the United Nations: some evidence

Cross-sectional evidence from interviews at the United Nations found some delegate socialization. Third World delegates with longer tenure showed frustration with the organization, expansionist interests toward its economic activities, and satisfaction with their governments' missions to the United Nations, suggesting increased identification with governmental supranationalist goals. Western delegates with longer tenure showed cynicism about world politics, frustration with the United Nations, expansionist interest toward the Secretariat, and dissatisfaction with their UN missions, suggesting tension between governmental policies and socialized delegate supranationalism which delegates may reduce by leaving the United Nations. Such socialization implies little more than a reinforcement of national policies.The finding of even this disheartening socialization in the United Nations calls for more careful research in organizations where delegate socialization is theoretically more likely. Such research should use scales more complex than those commonly used and should consider bodies “intermediate” between national governments and international organizations, such as permanent missions.
The Clinical Use of Fluoroquinolones for the Treatment of Mycobacterial Diseases

Mycobacterial diseases often require prolonged therapy with multidrug regimens. Fluoroquinolones have excellent bactericidal activity against many mycobacteria; achieve effective serum, tissue, and intracellular levels following oral administration; and produce few adverse effects. These properties have led to the increasing use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. We reviewed clinical studies and reports involving the use of fluoroquinolones for mycobacterial diseases. Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and pefloxacin exhibit clinical efficacy against mycobacterial diseases, especially tuberculosis and leprosy. Fluoroquinolones have generally been administered in regimens that include other agents. However, when a fluoroquinolone has been found to be the sole active agent in a multidrug regimen, the ready emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones has been recognized, just as when they have been used as monotherapy. Therefore, to forestall the emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones during the treatment of mycobacterial diseases, these drugs should always be used in combination with at least one other active agent, and they should be used only when effective alternative drugs are not available.
Applications of Support Vector Machines in Chemistry

Kernel-based techniques (such as support vector machines, Bayes point machines, kernel principal component analysis, and Gaussian processes) represent a major development in machine learning algorithms. Support vector machines (SVM) are a group of supervised learning methods that can be applied to classification or regression. In a short period of time, SVM found numerous applications in chemistry, such as in drug design (discriminating between ligands and nonligands, inhibitors and noninhibitors, etc.), quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR, where SVM regression is used to predict various physical, chemical, or biological properties), chemometrics (optimization of chromatographic separation or compound concentration prediction from spectral data as examples), sensors (for qualitative and quantitative prediction from sensor data), chemical engineering (fault detection and modeling of industrial processes), and text mining (automatic recognition of scientific information). Support vector machines represent an extension to nonlinear models of the generalized portrait algorithm developed by Vapnik and Lerner. The SVM algorithm is based on the statistical learning theory and the Vapnik–Chervonenkis
Asymmetric control of inspiratory and expiratory phases by excitability in the respiratory network of neonatal mice in vitro

Rhythmic motor behaviours consist of alternating movements, e.g. swing-stance in stepping, jaw opening and closing during chewing, and inspiration–expiration in breathing, which must be labile in frequency, and in some cases, in the duration of individual phases, to adjust to physiological demands. These movements are the expression of underlying neural circuits whose organization governs the properties of the motor behaviour. To determine if the ability to operate over a broad range of frequencies in respiration is expressed in the rhythm generator, we isolated the kernel of essential respiratory circuits using rhythmically active in vitro slices from neonatal mice. We show respiratory motor output in these slices at very low frequencies (0.008 Hz), well below the typical frequency in vitro (∼0.2 Hz) and in most intact normothermic mammals. Across this broad range of frequencies, inspiratory motor output bursts remained remarkably constant in pattern, i.e. duration, peak amplitude and area. The change in frequency was instead attributable to increased interburst interval, and was largely unaffected by removal of fast inhibitory transmission. Modulation of the frequency was primarily achieved by manipulating extracellular potassium, which significantly affects neuronal excitability. When excitability was lowered to slow down, or in some cases stop, spontaneous rhythm, brief stimulation of the respiratory network with a glutamatergic agonist could evoke (rhythmic) motor output. In slices with slow ( 60 s. We observed during inspiration a large magnitude (∼0.6 nA) outward current generated by Na+/K+ ATPase that deactivated in 25–100 ms and thus could contribute to burst termination and the latency of evoked bursts but is unlikely to control the interburst interval. We propose that the respiratory network functions over a broad range of frequencies by engaging distinct mechanisms from those controlling inspiratory duration and pattern that specifically govern the interburst interval.
TWO-TENSOR FIBER TRACTOGRAPHY

Estimating white matter fiber pathways from a diffusion tensor MRI dataset has many important applications in medical research. However, the standard approach of performing tracking on single-tensor estimates per voxel is confounded by regions of multiple pathways in different directions. Building on previous work for estimating multiple tensors from MR value partitioning, we present here a two-tensor fiber tractography method that estimates two tensors from the acquired MR values, interpolated at each step of the path, and follows the tensor most aligned with the current direction. The method is verified on a synthetic dataset and applied to two locations of fiber crossing in an in vivo diffusion MRI
On the channel capacity of multilevel modulation schemes with coherent detection

We describe a method to determine the channel capacity of an arbitrary multilevel modulation scheme by modeling the fiber-optic channel as a dynamical nonlinear ISI channel with memory. We also propose a multilevel turbo-equalization scheme that is able closely to approach the channel capacity. We show that with this scheme we are able straightforwardly to upgrade currently installed 10 Gb/s optical transmission systems to 100 Gb/s, and even with small memory assumption we are able to achieve 100 Gb/s per DWDM channel transmission over 9600 km.