cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of aircraft control strategies for microburst encounter

Analyses have indicated that improved control strategies could reduce the threat posed by the presence of microburst-type wind shear during aircraft takeoffs and landings. The attenuation of flight path response to microburst inputs by feedback control to elevators and throttle was studied for the cases of a jet transport and a general aviation aircraft, using longitudinal equations of motion, root locus analysis, Bode plots of altitude response to wind inputs, and nonlinear numerical simulation. Energy management relative to the airmass, a pitch-up response to the decreasing airspeed, increased phugoid mode damping, and decreased phugoid natural frequency, are found to improve microburst penetration aircraft behavior. Aircraft stall, and throttle saturation, are limiting factors in an aircraft's ability to maintain a given flight path during a microburst encounter.
Survival differences among older dialysis patients in the southeast.

Abstract Older end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by chronic dialysis have higher mortality in the United States than in many other countries. While increasing age, white race, male sex, and/or diabetes are considered risk factors for survival, few studies of older dialysis patients have simultaneously considered multiple predictor variables and their interactions. Using information contained in the 1982 to 1986 ESRD Network 20 database for Georgia and South Carolina, we studied hospitalizations and survival of 1,354 blacks and 965 whites who were age 60 years or older when they began dialysis therapy. Survival time was modeled using the Cox life-table regression method. Older blacks' median age at dialysis initiation was 67.4, compared with 68.7 for older whites (P = 0.001). Blacks were more likely than whites (P
Quark-bag model with low-energy pion interactions. II. Application

The hybrid pion-- quark-bag model discussed in I is applied to a calculation of masses, pion couplings, and other parameters of various light hadrons in an effort to determine the extent to which the bag parameters must be modified in the presence of pion interactions. Corrections for the finite spread of the c.m. wave packet are also included in each case.
Continuous Flow Apneic Ventilation

A study was designed to evaluate the adequacy of gas exchange during continuous flow apneic ventilation (CFAV) in dogs. Seventeen dogs (average weight 22.9 kg) were divided into three experimental groups. Group I (n = 7) was anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated with air using intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) through a tracheal tube. The tube was removed and each main stem bronchus was cannulated with a 2.5 mm i.d., 4 mm o.d. polyethylene catheter using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The tracheal tube was replaced to hold the catheters in place. Heated, humidified air was continuously delivered equally to each catheter. Total flows ranged from 8 to 28 1/min (0.4—1.4 1 + kg-1 min--1). Airway pressure (Paw) in the trachea did not exceed 2 mmHg (0.27 kPa). Adequate gas exchange in terms of arterial oxygen and arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pao2 and Paco2) was found after 30 min at flows greater than 16 l · min-1. Group II (n = 7) was managed similarly to the first group, insufflating endobronchial air using the optimal flow of 1.0 1 · kg 1 · min-1 obtained from Group I. CFAV continued for 5 h in all animals. Blood gas samples and measurements of systemic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pulmonary artery blood pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac output (Qt), and temperature were taken every 30 min. Group III (n = 3) was anesthetized similarly to the other groups. Pulmonary gas distribution was evaluated in relation to catheter placement using Xe133. Results showed significant differences between Paoj values during CFAV and IPPV; however, all animals were adequately oxygenated. During 5 h of CFAV, adequate CO2 elimination was achieved in all animals. There was no difference in PaO2, Paco2 and shunt fraction (Qs/C}t) with CFAV at 30 min and 5 h. Differences in HR, Qt, and systemic vascular resistance at 30 min and 5 h were related to the hypothermia during the developing course of experimentation. With the catheters above the carina, gas distribution studies demonstrated gas limited to the large airways with no peripheral distribution, resulting in low Pao2 levels and elevated Paco2 levels. Endobronchial catheters permitted gas distribution to the peripheral airways, and oxygenation and ventilation were normal.
Evidence of the benefit of simulator training for the education of surgeons

Flexible endoscopy is an important component of many surgeons' practice both historically and today. With the advances in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, acquiring and maintaining knowledge and competency in these skill sets is essential, especially in the training of surgical residents. Attempts to improve resident educational experiences have included focused curriculums, including knowledge and technical skills, dedicated endoscopy rotations, and national recommendations for case volume. Limitations to this education include resident work restrictions, limited numbers of categorical residents, and increasing emphasis on subspecialization. As an attempt to balance these factors, many surgeons have turned to the use of simulation models to supplement clinical exposure in flexible endoscopy. Models must possess construct validity, be able to adequately represent the desired task, and be able to differentiate the novice from the expert. Most importantly, these models must have established external validity, demonstrating an applicability of the skills learned in simulation on clinically applicable technical competency. Documentation of external validity is lacking in the current literature. Specialized clinical evaluation tools, such as the Global Assessment for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Skills, will help with this. Questions remain, such as who will benefit most from simulation-based learning in flexible endoscopy? How will simulation supplement patient-based learning? Will mentors and trainees accept an independent learning model? Will skills learned on simulators be applicable to clinical care? This article highlights the importance of flexible endoscopy to the surgeon and the importance of teaching and reevaluating the educational system for flexible endoscopy for surgeons.
Monitoring Drug Adherence

Topic Medication nonadherence is prevalent in transplant recipients and is a major reason for graft loss. The present review discusses the measurement of adherence in transplant recipients and strategies to improve adherence.
Relative thermophysical properties of some polyimides

A comparative thermogravimetric study of ten polyimide films of varying composition revealed that thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the polymers increases directly with increasing imide content. Films degraded more rapidly in air than in vacuo; the insertion of connecting groups within the polymer repeat unit decreased stability in both environments. The effect of inserting “ladder-like” segments in the polymer structure did not enhance resistance to oxidation; but under vacuum, those segments probably operated beneficially in promoting the retention of the carbon-like residue. Infrared spectral measurements showed little loss of imide bands with progressive weight loss in air, indicating unit-by-unit degradation. Conversely, infrared spectra of films heated under vacuum conditions showed that progressive loss of imide bands occurred simultaneously with an increasing development of bands related to carbon–nitrogen double bonds. Dynamic heating under vacuum developed singularly uniform weight loss curves; however, concurrent mass-spectrographic analyses indicated two distinct reactions. Gaseous carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide species accounted for the major weight change, and their periods of maximum evolution occurred at different temperatures for each film. A subsequent minor weight loss period was associated with the liberation of hydrogen cyanide which maximized at the same temperature for all ten films.
Investigation of Factors Associated With Manual Wheelchair Mobility in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Oyster ML, Karmarkar AM, Patrick M, Read MS, Nicolini L, Boninger ML. Investigation of factors associated with manual wheelchair mobility in persons with spinal cord injury. Objective To quantify wheelchair mobility of persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI), and to assess the relationship between wheelchair mobility and demographics, type of manual wheelchair, and participation. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Six Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems. Participants People (N=132) with SCI who use a manual wheelchair as their primary means of mobility. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Wheelchair-related mobility characteristics measured by a data-logging device, and community participation measured by the short form of the Craig Handicap Assessment Recording Technique (CHART). Results Age was found to be significantly ( r =–.225, P P P P P P r =.245–.390) was found between wheelchair mobility data and CHART total score. Conclusions Results suggest a need for future investigation of the factors that influence wheelchair mobility and community participation of persons with SCI. Findings indicate the efficacy of a quantitative method to track wheelchair mobility in community settings, which could serve as a way of identifying community participation for persons with SCI and possibly uncovering additional aspects of participation.
Scheduling in a manufacturing shop with sequence-dependent setups

Abstract In this paper, the problem of scheduling multiple jobs in a flexible manufacturing cell with multiple machine stations is addressed. Due to the large capital investments that usually characterize flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), an area of control of great interest to system users is that of maximizing the system performance through the minimization of machine idle and setup times. The magnitude of total time spent on machine setups and idle times is influenced by the availability of jobs, job mix, similarities of jobs and job scheduling procedure used. Similar jobs on the same machine require less setup times. Similarly, the use of an adequate scheduling method also reduces total idle and setup times. Such reduction improves the flow times of jobs. In this paper, a heuristic algoritm for scheduling jobs with sequence dependent setup times in a FMS is presented. The measure of performance for evaluating schedule adequacy is the production makespan.
Explaining unselfish behavior: Crime and the helpful bystander

Abstract An important force combatting crime consists of the help and cooperation that citizens provide to the victims of crime and to the criminal justice system. This paper analyzes such behavior in light of economic theories of altruism. Using survey data on responses to questions about hypothetical situations involving various crimes, the analysis provides support for explanations of helping based on purely altruistic behavior, cooperative behavior based on self-interest, and behavior guided by social norms. Specifically, income, wealth, age, and race are found to be important in explaining helping behavior.
Evaporative water loss in anuran amphibia: A comparative study

1. 1. Evaporative water loss, at different rates of air flow, was measured in the anurans, Rana pipiens, Bufo bufo, Xenopus laevis and Agalychnis dacnicolor. It was much less in the latter tree frog, but was similar in the other three species. 2. 2. Inhibition of pulmonary respiration did not significantly change total evaporation nor could the interspecific difference in water loss be related to O2 consumption. Water loss corresponded to 60–100 mg H2O/cm3O2 used. 3. 3. Evaporation from the amphibian integument was less than that from a planar free-water surface. The difference from three of the species may however be due to the animal's shape. Agalychnis, behaved quite differently and water appeared to have a restricted access to the outer surface of the skin in this frog. 4. 4. The observed variation could not be accounted for by differences in the thickness or lipid content of the skin.
Decreasing Catheter Colonization Through the Use of an Antiseptic-Impregnated Catheter: A Continuous Quality Improvement Project

Study objectives To evaluate the use of an antiseptic-impregnated (chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine) catheter for the prevention of catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI). Then, based on these findings, to implement changes in hospital policy and to assess their effect on a hospital service. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled (phase I); prospective, concurrent data collection (phase II). Setting Tertiary referral hospital with level 1 trauma center. Patients Patients > 12 years of age with central venous catheters placed while they were in the emergency room, neurotrauma ICU, or medical/surgical ICU from May through December, 1995 (phase I). All patients > 12 years of age on the trauma service admitted from November 16, 1996, through November 15, 1997 (phase II). Interventions Randomization table determined whether the patient would receive an antiseptic-impregnated catheter (AIC) or nonimpregnated catheter (NIC) (phase I). All removed or exchanged catheters were sent for semiquantitative culture. In phase II, only AICs were used; "length of time" and "fever" were discouraged as reasons for catheter exchange or removal; and only the tip was sent for culture. Measurements and results In phase I, there were 139 catheters placed in 60 patients in the NIC group and 98 catheters placed in 55 patients in the AIC group. Two catheters (2.0/100 catheters) in the AIC group were found to be colonized, compared with 25 (18.0/100 catheters) in the NIC group (p = 0.001). The catheter colonization rates were 2.27/1,000 catheter days (AIC) and 24.68/1,000 catheter days (NIC) (p Conclusions AICs significantly reduce the rate of central venous catheter colonization. In addition, the apparent protective effects of the catheter over time permit less frequent exchanges or removals of the catheters, decreasing both patient risk and hospital cost.
Mantle Display and Glochidia Release Behaviors of Five Quadruline Freshwater Mussel Species (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Abstract: Diverse strategies have evolved in freshwater mussels to promote the transfer of their parasitic larvae to host fish. Among these, modification of the mantle as a host attracting lure has been well-documented in the Tribe Lampsilini, but only recently reported in the Tribe Quadrulini. Here we describe mantle modifications and glochidia release behaviors in five quadruline species, including members of the Quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820), Q. pustulosa (Lea, 1831), and Q. metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820) species groups. Displays were motionless and consisted of inflated mantle tissue surrounding the excurrent aperture. Gross display morphology was largely variable among species: Q. fragosa (Conrad, 1835) and Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820) had relatively large, uniquely shaped displays; Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820) and Q. pustulosa had smaller, stomate-shaped displays; and Q. metanevra had a diminutive, polyp-like display. Cyclonaias tuberculata exhibited a bimodal host infec...
Reaction of sodium η-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylferrate(0) with sulfur dioxide. Synthesis of ironsulfur dioxide complexes

Abstract Sulfur dioxide reacts at −78°C with Na + [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] − , prepared by the reduction of [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 with sodium amalgam in tetrahydrofuran, to give a red solution containing a species which can be alkylated with RX to η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 S(O) 2 R. The alkylation reaction with CH 3 I affords both η 5 C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 S(O) 2 CH 3 and η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 I. The nature of this solution and the possible existence of the anion [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 SO 2 ] − therein are discussed. Upon warming to room temperature and chromatography, the solutions of Na + [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] − and SO 2 afford the isolable ironsulfur dioxide complexes, [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 SO 2 , [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)] 2 (CO)SO 2 , and [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 SO 2 ] 2 . The characterization and properties of the first two compounds are described.
Effects of epigenetic modulation on reporter gene expression: implications for stem cell imaging

SPECIFIC AIMSTo better understand stem cell biology and physiology in vivo, one must be able to track them noninvasively after transplant. Thus, the recent development of novel molecular imaging techniques for visualizing stem cell survival and proliferation in living subjects has attracted much attention. However, the effects of epigenetic modulation on reporter gene silencing have not been systemically addressed. In this study, we investigated the long-term stability of firefly luciferase expression in a stable embryonic rat cardiomyoblast cell line and tracked their survival in living subjects using bioluminescence imaging (BLI).PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Silencing of firefly luciferase gene expression is observed after repeated cell passagesAfter transfecting the rat H9c2 embryonic cardiomyoblast cell line with the pCMV-Fluc-SV40-neo plasmid, five single clones resistant to G418 were selected. To assess the stability of Fluc transgene expression, these clones were passaged serially for 3 months. The average...
Handwritten Word Recognition Using Conditional Random Fields

The paper describes a lexicon driven approach for word recognition on handwritten documents using conditional random fields (CRFs). CRFs are discriminative models and do not make any assumptions about the underlying data and hence are known to be superior to hidden Markov models (HMMs) for sequence labeling problems. For word recognition, the document is first segmented into word images using an existing neural network based algorithm. Each word image is then over segmented into a number of small segments such that the combination of segments forms character images. Segment(s) is/are labeled as characters with probability evaluated from the CRF model. The total probability of a word image representing an entry from the lexicon is computed using a dynamic programming algorithm which evaluates the optimal combination of segments.
MG2+ COORDINATION IN CATALYTIC SITES OF F1-ATPASE

Coordination of the Mg2+ ion in Mg-nucleotide substrates by amino acid residue side chains in the catalytic site of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase was investigated. From the X-ray structure of the mitochondrial enzyme [Abrahams, J. P., Leslie, A. G. W., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621−628], it may be inferred that the hydroxyl of βThr-156 is a direct ligand of Mg2+, whereas the carboxyls of βGlu-181, βGlu-185, and βAsp-242 might contribute via intervening water molecules. Elimination of each respective functional group by site-directed mutagenesis, followed by determination of Mg−nucleotide and uncomplexed nucleotide binding affinities using a tryptophan probe, showed that βThr-156, βGlu-185, and βAsp-242 are all involved in Mg2+ coordination, whereas βGlu-181 is not. A derived structural model for the octahedral coordination around the Mg2+ ion is presented. The results indicate that the ADP-containing site in the X-ray structure is the catalytic site of highest affinity. Correct Mg2+ co...
Quantitative relation of myocardial infarct size and myocardial viability by positron emission tomography to left ventricular ejection fraction and 3-year mortality with and without revascularization

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical prognostic value, with and without revascularization, of the size of myocardial infarction and viability as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Background. Poorly contracting but viable myocardium recovers contractile performance after revascularization. However, the quantitative relation among size of infarction and viability by PET, ejection fraction and long-term survival with and without revascularization in patients after myocardial infarction has not been previously reported. Methods. Infarct size and viability imaged by PET using generator-produced rubidium-82 were quantified objectively by automated software and related to coronary arteriography, left ventricular ejection fraction, revascularization and 3-year mortality. Results. Myocardial infarction or scar ≥23% of the left ventricle was associated with a 3-year mortality rate of 43% versus that of 5% associated with scar Conclusions. Size of scar and viable myocardium by PET in arterial zones at risk in patients after myocardial infarction are highly predictive of 3-year mortality, particularly in patients with low ejection fraction, and identify patients who are suitable candidates for revascularization after myocardial infarction.
Differentiation between the effects of T1 and T2* shortening in contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast.

The purpose of this study is to describe a technique for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can potentially improve identification of malignant tissue in the human breast. The suggested MRI technique is based on the differentiation between two competing effects leading to opposite changes in image intensity, namely, T1 and T2* shortening caused by administration of gadolinium chelate. The proposed approach also allows calculation of changes in the R2* relaxation rate in breast tissue. The feasibility of the technique for in vivo MRI and increased lesion contrast is demonstrated. The results indicate that this technique may improve detection of malignant breast tissue. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:172–176. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Policy-based security management for federated healthcare databases (or RHIOs)

The role of security management in the RHIOs has recently gained increasing attention due to strict privacy and disclosure rules, and federal regulations such as HIPAA. The envisioned use of electronic health care records in such systems involves pervasive and ubiquitous access to healthcare information from anywhere outside of traditional hospital boundaries which puts increasing demands on the underlying security mechanisms. In this paper, we have designed a context-aware policy-based system to provide security management for health informatics. The policies are based on a set of use cases developed for the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) standard. Our system is designed to adapt well to ubiquitous healthcare services in a non-traditional, pervasive environment using the same infrastructure that enables federated healthcare management for traditional organizational boundaries. We also present an enforcement architecture and a demonstration prototype for the policy-based system proposed in this paper.
Critical threonine and aspartic acid residues within the I domains of β2 integrins for interactions with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and C3bi

Integrins mediate signal transduction through interactions with multiple cellular or extracellular matrix ligands. Evidence is accumulating that the I (or A) domain, a approximately 200-residue inserted sequence in some integrin alpha subunits, mediates ligand binding. We have previously shown that Thr-221 of the putative ligand binding sites within alpha 2 I domain of alpha 2 beta 1 is critical for binding to collagen (Kamata, T., and Takada, Y. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 26006-26010). Here we report that the mutation of Thr-206 of alpha L blocks intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) binding to alpha L beta 2 and mutation of Thr-209 of alpha M blocks ICAM-1 and C3bi binding to alpha M beta 2. The data indicate the Thr residues of alpha M and alpha L corresponding to Thr-221 of alpha 2 are critically involved in the ligand interaction with beta 2 integrins. The mutations of the Asp-137 and Asp-239 of alpha L also block ICAM-1 binding to alpha L beta 2, as do the corresponding Asp residues of alpha 2 or alpha M in collagen/alpha 2 beta 1 or C3bi/alpha M beta 2 interactions, respectively. These data suggest that these Thr and Asp residues, conserved among I domains, are critical for interaction with structurally distinct ligands (e.g. ICAMs, C3bi, and collagen).
Response to challenge dose among young adults vaccinated for hepatitis B as infants: importance of detectable residual antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a difference in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) response to a hepatitis B vaccine challenge dose existed among persons with a baseline anti-HBs level of 0 mIU/mL (group 1) and those with “non-zero” levels of 0.1–4.9 (group 2) and 5.0–9.9 (group 3) mIU/mL, according to the VITROS ECi anti-HBs assay. DESIGN Subanalysis of randomized clinical trial. Response was defined as a postchallenge anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL and 4-fold rise in anti-HBs level 2 weeks after a single challenge dose of 10 vs 20 µg Engerix-B. Baseline was defined as the anti-HBs level immediately before administration of the challenge dose. SETTING Pediatric integrated healthcare system near Houston, Texas. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred nineteen US-born 16–19-year-olds who completed the hepatitis B vaccine series during the first year of life. RESULTS One hundred seventy-eight persons had zero (group 1) and 141 (114 group 2 and 27 group 3) had non-zero anti-HBs levels at baseline. Response to the challenge dose was significantly higher among those with non-zero vs zero anti-HBs levels, irrespective of challenge dosage; only 1 person with a non-zero anti-HBs level failed to respond to the challenge dose (group 3, 27/27 [100%] vs group 2, 113/114 [99%] vs group 1, 145/178 [82%]; P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Among participants with residual anti-HBs levels less than 10 mIU/mL 16–19 years after primary hepatitis B vaccination during infancy, non-zero anti-HBs levels, with rare exception, indicated persistence of immune memory to HBsAg. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01341275 Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0):1–5
Metals of music

Abstract Musical instruments, such as brass wind instruments, flutes, organs, and bells, use metals in many forms. Two of these forms—bronze gongs of the Ifugao and iron harpsichord strings of the Baroque period—were studied in the Smithsonian's Conservation Analytical Laboratory. The ferrous strings from harpsichords of the 18th Century were drawn from iron that was strengthened with phosphorus, not steel, as had been supposed from their evident strength. The gongs were made from a high tin (ca. 22–23%) bronze alloy by a technique of hot forging and quenching more familiar from the smithing of iron. This alloy and its forming technique were in use for millennia, only recently being superseded in modern metallurgical applications by stainless steel.
Fundamentals of Supported Catalysts for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Application of an Immobilized/Soluble Hybrid Catalyst System to ATRP

A series of hybrid catalysts, comprising a tethered ligand immobilized catalyst operating in conjunction with a small amount of soluble catalyst, were evaluated for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The level of control over the ATRP of vinyl monomers was significantly improved by the addition of part per million levels of a soluble catalyst, or soluble catalyst precursor, to the immobilized catalyst. Use of a hybrid catalyst system for polymerization of vinyl monomers such as MMA, MA, and styrene provided polymers with a predetermined molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. The immobilized catalyst can be removed from the polymerization by simple filtration, or sedimentation, affording a colorless transparent polymer solution with a salient reduction in the concentration of any residual transition metal in the final polymeric products.
A Systematic Review of Communication Quality Improvement Interventions for Patients With Advanced and Serious Illness

Background Effective communication is an interaction between two or more people that produces a desired effect and is a key element of quality of care for patients with advanced and serious illness and their family members. Suboptimal provider-patient/family communication is common, with negative effects on patient/family-centered outcomes.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of naphthamides as dopamine D3 receptor ligands.

A series of naphthamides were synthesized, and the affinities of these compounds were determined for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors using radioligand binding techniques. The naphthamide compounds that were prepared include N-(1-alkylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (1−6), (S)-N-(1-alkylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (7−12), (R)-N-(1-alkylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (13−18), (S)-N-(1-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (19−25), (R)-N-(1-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (26−31), and N-(9-alkyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3β-yl)-4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-naphthamides (32, 33). The results of in vitro radioligand binding studies indicated that the majority of the naphthamide analogues bound with high affinity at both the D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes and most of the compounds demonstrated some selectivity for the dopamine D3 dopamine receptor subtype. These results demonstrated that both the structure of ...
Theory of Impurity Resistance in Metals. II

The many-body theory of impurity resistance which was developed in a previous paper is extended to include all corrections resulting from electron-electron interactions. The model used is a normal Fermi fluid in the presence of a small but finite concentration of randomly scattered, fixed impurities. The resulting expression for the conductivity may be interpreted in terms of independent single-electron-like excitations, or "quasi-particles." The combined effect of the impurities and the many-body interactions causes these quasi-particles to carry current at their group velocity; but there is no effective charge correction.
Mandible fragment fixation during reconstruction: The splint-and-plate technique

One of the most popular methods of mandible fragment fixation is the precontoured reconstruction plate technique. Unfortunately, this method is not a reliable option when tumor distorts the mandibular contour or extends through the buccal cortex of the mandible. An alternative to the precontoured reconstruction plate is the splint-and-plate technique of mandible fragment fixation. An application of this appliance and method in 10 patients revealed the technique's advantages. The splint can be applied quickly and does not obstruct the ablative or reconstructive procedure. Further, the splint accurately keys the dentition and reliably maintains temporomandibular joint relationships. Finally, this technique provides a reference point to the exact position of the symphysis and angle when these landmarks have been resected.
File system usage in Windows NT 4.0

We have performed a study of the usage of the Windows NT File System through long-term kernel tracing. Our goal was to provide a new data point with respect to the 1985 and 1991 trace-based File System studies, to investigate the usage details of the Windows NT file system architecture, and to study the overall statistical behavior of the usage data.In this paper we report on these issues through a detailed comparison with the older traces, through details on the operational characteristics and through a usage analysis of the file system and cache manager. Next to architectural insights we provide evidence for the pervasive presence of heavy-tail distribution characteristics in all aspect of file system usage. Extreme variances are found in session inter-arrival time, session holding times, read/write frequencies, read/write buffer sizes, etc., which is of importance to system engineering, tuning and benchmarking.
MLE are stochastically increasing if likelihoods are unimodal

This paper shows that if the likelihood functions are unimodal then the distributions of maximum likelihood estimator are stochastically increasing (distribution functions are non-increasing with respect to the parameter). Generalized results under right- or left-unimodality conditions are given, where the statistic need not be the mle.
Allelopathic potential of Kalmia angustifolia to black spruce (Picea mariana)

Abstract Effects of water extracts of leaves, root, litter and soil of Kalmia angustifolia were tested on seed germination and primary root and shoot development of black spruce seedlings. Litter and soil extracts were found to be most inhibitory to primary root development. There was no significant difference in germination percentage and shoot growth of seedlings due to the treatments. Inhibition of root development in the affected seedlings was attributed to unknown water soluble substance(s) present in the litter and soil under Kalmia plants. The affected seedlings produced a curved blunt-ended extension of the root-shoot transition region which was devoid of a root cap and root hairs. A stair-step-pot sand culture experiment in the greenhouse indicated that water leachate passing through both Kalmia canopy and soil significantly reduced the early growth of black spruce seedlings. Reductions of 23, 44, and 47% in height growth were observed in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month, respectively, after planting. This decrease in plant growth may be caused by chemical interference in the mycorrhizal association of black spruce due to the presence of Kalmia .
Maleylation of bovine colostral IgG and human serum IgG.

Abstract Bovine colostral and human serum IgG were maleylated to different degrees to test for the reversibility of the maleylation reaction and the utility of this reaction in the study of the quaternary structure of immunoglobulins. The exhaustively maleylated IgG preparations were reduced-alkylated and the subunits were separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 columns. In both the human and bovine IgG preparations, the sums of 2 heavy and 2 light chains accounted for the entire molecular weight of the intact immunoglobulins. The removal of maleyl groups from intact maleylated bovine IgG was best accomplished at pH 3·5 for 2 days at 37–40°C. The yield of the de-maleylated material, which was immunochemically and ultracentrifugally identical to authentic IgG, was only 30 per cent. The rest was not soluble at neutral pH values. The yield of soluble material was larger if the reaction was carried out at pH 2·2, however, fragmentation of the protein was noted under these conditions. The removal of a substantial number of maleyl groups from the maleylated subunits of IgG preparations could be accomplished only by a combination of a pH 2·2 hydrolysis at 40°C for 5 days and treatment with hydroxylamine. No significant fragmentation of the subunits took place under these conditions.
Development of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer system for strengthening steel structures

Abstract This paper summarizes the development and use of high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials for the retrofit of steel structures and bridges. The development work included selection of an appropriate adhesive for bonding HM CFRP materials to steel and the performance of large-scale steel–concrete composite beams tested to examine the behavior using different strengthening schemes. The experimental program investigated the behavior of the strengthening system under fatigue and overloading conditions. A detailed study of bond behavior, including the possible presence of shear-lag effects and performance of spliced joints is also presented. Based on the findings, flexural design guidelines are proposed. The study indicates that CFRP materials can be effectively used to enhance the serviceability and ultimate strength of steel flexural members.
Molecular dynamics studies of microscopic wetting phenomena on self-assembled monolayers

Abstract Molecular dynamics calculations have been used to investigate the behavior of overlayers of water or n-alkane fluids on solid surfaces formed from “self-assembled” monolayers of long-chain hydrocarbons. A microscopic analog of the wetting contact angle is used to measure the surface wetting characteristics. On a nonpolar surface, formed by close packed chains having -CH 3 tailgroups, the water molecules aggregate to form a compact droplet. The calculated contact angle of the droplet is similar to experimental values for macroscopic water droplets. Contrary to intuition, the overlayers of hexadecane or decane form droplets with smaller contact angles on the same surface. However, the calculated contact angles are again in reasonable accord with experimental values.
Intratumoral microdistribution of [131I]MB-1 in patients with B-cell lymphoma following radioimmunotherapy

Intratumoral microdistribution of radiolabeled anti-CD37 murine monoclonal antibody, [131I]MB-1, in lymph nodes from five patients with non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma following radioimmunotherapy were evaluated by microautoradiography and image analysis of macroautoradiographs. Microdistribution of radioactivity was highly heterogeneous: silver grain counts varied from 28-70 to 8-10 per 400 X field, and the coefficients of variations calculated by image analysis ranged between 42.5 and 79.3%. Variable radiation doses delivered could have contributed to the limited durability of tumor regression.
CHAPS-induced reconstitution of the Cl− pump in Aplysia gut

Abstract Cl − pump activity resides in the basolateral membrane (BLM). 93-(3-cholamedopropyl [dimethylammonic]-1-propane sulfonate) (CHAPS) facilitates both extraction and reconstitution of the Cl − pump into proteoliposomes. Proteoliposomal Cl − pump activity was inhibited by orthovanadate. DCCD had no effect on the reconstituted proteoliposomal Cl − pump.
The effect of particles on dynamic recrystallization and fabric development of granular ice during creep

US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290, USAABSTRACT. The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of laboratory-prepared, particle-free fresh-water ice and ice with 1wt.% ( 0.43vol.%) silt-sized particleswere investigated undercreepwith a stress level of 1.45MPa at 10 8C. The particles were present both within the grains and along thegrain boundaries. The creep rates of specimens with particles were always higher than those of particle-free ice. Dynamic recrystallization occurred for both sets of specimens, with new grains nucleatingalong grain boundaries in the early stages of creep. The ice with particles showed a higher nucleationrate. This resulted in a smaller average grain-size for the ice with particles after a given creep strain.Fabric studies indicated that ice with particles showed a more random orientation of c axes after creepto 10% strain than the particle-free ice.
Workplace Hazards and Workers' Desires for Union Representation

This paper investigates “voice” responses to hazardous and otherwise disagreeable working conditions in the form of workers’ expressed desires for union representation. Using data from three surveys conducted between 1977 and 1982, workers exposed to significant health and safety risks on the job are found to be substantially more likely to report a willingness to vote pro-union than are comparable workers not similarly exposed. This finding is obtained using both subjective and objective measures of hazard and both union and nonunion workers. Management resistance, however, appears to play a strong role in determining the actual extent of unionization. Between 41 and 48 percent of workers in hazardous jobs desire union representation but have not achieved it.
American Society of Biomechanics Clinical Biomechanics Award 2012: Plantar shear stress distributions in diabetic patients with and without neuropathy

Background The exact pathology of diabetic foot ulcers remains to be resolved. Evidence suggests that plantar shear forces play a major role in diabetic ulceration. Unfortunately, only a few manuscripts exist on the clinical implications of plantar shear. The purpose of this study was to compare global and regional peak plantar stress values in three groups; diabetic patients with neuropathy, diabetic patients without neuropathy and healthy control subjects.
Treading on the cut: Semi-inclusive observables at high energy

We develop the formalism for calculating semi-inclusive observables at high energy in the JIMWLK/KLWMIJ approach. This approach is valid for scattering of a small perturbative projectile on a large dense target. We consider several examples including diffractive processes, elastic and inclusive over the target degrees of freedom, scattering with fixed total transverse momentum transfer and inclusive gluon production. We discuss evolution of these observables with respect to various rapidity variables involved in their definitions (total rapidity, rapidity gap, width of diffractive interval, etc.). We also discuss the dipole model limit of these observables and derive closed simple (as opposed to functional) differential equations in this approximation. We point out that there are some interesting differences between the full JIMWLK/KLWMIJ evolution and the dipole model evolution of a diffractive cross section. In particular, we show that in the dipole approximation the target does not diffract beyond the valence rapidity interval, consistent with the intuition suggested by the Pomeron fan diagrams. On the other hand, such diffractive processes do exist in the full JIMWLK/KLWMIJ approach, albeit suppressed by the factor $1/{N}_{c}^{2}$.
C! C Bond Formation Reactions for Biomass-Derived Molecules

There has been a tremendous interest in the utilization of biomass as feedstock to produce renewable fuels and chemicals. The major monomer building blocks of biomass are carbohydrates which are typically 5 or 6 carbons in length. Petroleumderived jet and diesel fuels are between 8 to 15 carbons in length. Therefore, to produce jet and diesel fuel from biomass, there must be a C!C bond formation from the biomass-derived molecules. However, direct C!C bond formation from carbohydrates (C5 and C6) is difficult due to the polyhydroxy functionalities on the carbohydrates. These polyhydroxy functionalities make the carbonyl group of the carbohydrates less reactive toward C!C bond formation because of its hemiacetal form. To overcome this problem, several research groups have converted C5 and C6 carbohydrates to aromatic aldehydes (Figure 1) such as furfural 1 and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 2
Introducing fundamental technical concepts in a freshman design course

Freshman design courses are typically hampered by the fact that freshmen, even in their second semester, have had very little in the way of engineering course work. In the past, this situation has made it impractical for the instructors teaching Introduction to Engineering Design to require students to perform any meaningful calculations associated with their designs. In the Spring Semester of 2002, the course content was modified to include the introduction of fundamental technical concepts. The intent of these seminars was to provide students with engineering tools and quantitative methods for analyzing their designs prior to construction. This paper presents detailed information on the specification of one of the design projects, the design kit contents for this project, and the learning objectives from the technical seminars. Finally, a brief discussion of the impact of the technical seminars on the course is provided.
Performance of a Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum System with Long Period and Short Period Code Sequences

In this paper, the performance of a direct sequence spread-spectrum system is analyzed with both a long period sequence and with a sequence whose period is one bit long. Bit error rates for both quadriphase and biphase chip spreading, in conjunction with both QPSK and BPSK data, are considered in the presence of noise and jamming. The frequency location of the jammer is arbitrary.
Worldwide Allele Frequencies of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene: Climate, Local Adaptations, and Evolutionary History

The e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with increased cholesterol lev- els and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with e4 fre- quencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothe- size that this trend resulted from natural selection pro- tecting against low-cholesterol levels. In high-latitude cold environments and low-latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevated, which could require higher cholesterol levels. To explore this hypothesis, we com- piled APOE allele frequencies, latitude, temperature, and elevation from populations around the world. e4 al- lele frequencies show a curvilinear relationship with absolute latitude, with lowest frequencies found in the mid-latitudes where temperatures generally require less expenditure on cooling/thermogenesis. Controlling for population structure in a subset of populations did not appreciably change this pattern of association, consistent with selection pressures that vary by latitude shaping e4 allele frequencies. Temperature records also predict APOE frequency in a curvilinear fashion, with lowest e4 frequencies at moderate temperatures. The model fit between historical temperatures and e4 is less than between latitude and e4, but strengthened after correct- ing for estimated temperature differences during the Paleolithic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that ele- vation did not improve predictive power, and an inte- grated measure of the cholesterol effect of multiple APOE alleles was less related to latitude than was e4 alone. Our results lend mixed support for a link between past temperature and human APOE allele distribution and point to the need to develop better models of past climate in future analyses. Am J Phys Anthropol
Retrovirus-mediated multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) overexpression inhibits chemotherapy-induced toxicity of granulosa cells.

Objective To protect granulosa cells from chemotherapy-induced toxicity by retrovirus-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene transfection. Design Laboratory study. Setting Academic research laboratory in a university hospital. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) KK15 immortalized murine granulosa cell line transiently transduced with sf91m3 retrovirus vector carrying MDR1 complementary DNA that encodes P-glycoprtoein (P-gp); transduced cells selected with colchicine and treated with doxorubicin or paclitaxel for 24-72 hours; expression and function of MDR1 and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of selected steroidogenesis enzymes evaluated by flow cytometry, cell viability assays, Western blot, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Main Outcome Measure(s) Viability of sf91m3-transduced KK15 cells after treatment with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Result(s) The sf91m3-transduced KK15 demonstrated high expression of biologically active MDR1, as shown by flow cytometry analysis and immunoblotting using P-gp monoclonal antibody and Rhodamine 123 efflux assays. The sf91m3-transduced KK15 exhibited statistically significant resistance to toxicity of 10 μM paclitaxel. The MDR1-transduced KK15 cells were also protected from doxorubicin toxicity (10 nM to 2.5 μM), as shown by cell viability assay. Both flow cytometry and cell viability assays showed that the protection of KK15 from doxorubicin toxicity was lost at 5 μM of doxorubicin; equivalent to 500 times LD50. The sf91m3-transduced KK15 showed normal mRNA expression of a panel of selected steroidogenesis enzymes. Conclusion(s) Retroviral gene delivery of human MDR1 inhibited chemotherapy-induced granulosa cell toxicity and offered chemoprotection in an in vitro model.
Research Note: Factors Affecting Eye Movements During the Reading of Short Melodies

Eighteen subjects silently read six melodies while their eye movements were measured to determine whether factors such as subject expertise, pitch pattern size, or pitch pattern complexity affected...