cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interracial marriage and admixture in Hawaii

(1970). Interracial marriage and admixture in Hawaii. Social Biology: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 278-291.
Changes in Attitude/Anxiety of Educators Towards Computers

With the proliferation of personal computers in the home and in the workplace, there is an ever increasing demand for the integration of computers into the curricula of educational institutions. Invariably, the approach taken to satisfying such demands involves the training of the current staff of educators in the use of personal computers as both a teaching and a research and administrative tool. This article will look at the educator's anxiety prior to training on the computer, and the changes in attitude brought about by continuous exposure to the computer in a classroom setting.
‘It's Gotta Be Da Shoes’: Domestic Manufacturing, International Subcontracting, and the Production of Athletic Footwear:

An apparent paradox exists in the geography of athletic footwear production. The industry is highly labor intensive; it is also locationally volatile. Although most production now takes place in Southeast Asia, the United States nevertheless still contains significant enclaves of athletic footwear production. Moreover, the cheapest shoes continue to be produced in the United States whereas more complex, expensive models tend to be manufactured in Asia. To understand this geography, we must move beyond the basic consideration of international labor-cost differentials. By means of two case studies, it is shown that domestic production involves very different labor processes from those of production based in other countries and, like many other sectors of the economy, domestic producers gain advantage by carrying smaller inventories through faster lead times. The best explanation, though, centers on the shoes themselves. Athletic shoes produced in the United States tend to have many fewer stitches in them th...
Effects of Physicochemical Properties of Ultrafine Particles on the Performance of an Ultrafine Particle Concentrator

Condensational growth of ultrafine particles under saturation conditions in conjunction with virtual impaction technology has been used recently as a method to concentrate ultrafine particles for conducting inhalation toxicological studies. The Harvard Ultrafine Concentrated Ambient Particle System (HUCAPS) was challenged with a variety of artificially generated aerosols of different chemistry, solubility, and hygroscopicity as well as by ambient-origin ultrafine particles. The system's ability to concentrate these different particles was evaluated for a wide range of saturation ratios. It was found that hygroscopic particles grow and are concentrated more efficiently than hydrophobic ones. The effect of aerosol-hygroscopicity and water solubility on the overall aerosol concentration enrichment factor diminishes with increasing saturation ratios. Results indicated that a saturation ratio higher than that predicted by theory, with a value of about 3, is needed to assure that all particles grow and are effi...
Simulations of flow behavior of gas and particles in spouted bed with a porous draft tube

Abstract Flow behaviors of particles in a two-dimensional spouted bed with a porous draft plates are studied using a fluid dynamic computation with kinetic–frictional stresses models. Gas flow through the porous draft tube is simulated by Brinkman–Darcy–Forchheimer formulation. The distributions of concentration and velocities of particles are predicted. Simulated results predict the solid circulation rate and gas flux rate measured in the spouted bed with a porous draft tube (Ishikura et al., 2003). The solid circulation rate in the spouted bed with a porous draft tube is larger than that with a non-porous draft tube. The predicted bed pressure drop with the porous draft tube is high in comparison to the spouted bed with non-porous draft tube. The effect of the porosity of the porous draft tube on distributions of gas flux rate through the annulus and solid circulation rate are discussed.
Theoretical study of mechanisms responsible for emission of highly excited metal atoms

Abstract Using a molecular dynamics technique we demonstrate that the formation of holes in the d-shell can be a mechanism initiating sputtering of metastable metal atoms with a closed outer s-shell. The formation of d-holes is a result of electron promotion in the energetic collisions in the cascade developing in solid under fast ion bombardment.
Low-Temperature Ion Mobility in Interacting Fermi Liquids

The temperature dependence of the mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of a heavy ion in a neutral interacting Fermi liquid is found to be of the form $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\mu}}=R\ensuremath{-}\frac{S{T}^{2}\mathrm{ln}1}{T}+\mathrm{O}({T}^{2})$ for low $T$ where $R$ and $S$ are constants. The ${T}^{2}\mathrm{ln}T$ term is a consequence of the Friedel density oscillations around the ion and would be absent for the noninteracting Fermi liquid investigated by other authors. The coefficients are calculated for the case of a large hard sphere. The pressure dependence of the coefficients and the predicted temperature dependence are in reasonable agreement with recent experimental data for negative ions in ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$.
Stereocontrolled syntheses of fluorinated synthons and their application to the preparation of fluorinated sugars

Abstract An improved, high yield procedure for the ester enolate Claisen rearrangement of 2-butenyl fluoroacetate to form stereoselectively 2-fluoro-3-methylpent-4-enoic-γ acid (1) will be reported. The conversion of the acids (1) to 2-fluoro-3-methyl-γ- lactone derivatives (2), (3), (4), (5) and the 2′-fluoro nucleoside (6) will be described. Additionally, the syntheses of optically active 2-fluoro-3-amino sugar derivatives (7) and (8) as well as 2-fluoro-carboxylic acid derivatives will be discussed.
Testing the 'free radical theory of aging' hypothesis: physiological differences in long-lived and short-lived colubrid snakes

We test the 'free radical theory of aging' using six species of colubrid snakes (numerous, widely distributed, non-venomous snakes of the family Colubridae) that exhibit long (> 15 years) or short (< 10 years) lifespans. Because the 'rate of living theory' predicts metabolic rates to be correlated with rates of aging and oxidative damage results from normal metabolic processes we sought to answer whether physiological parameters and locomotor performance (which is a good predictor of survival in juvenile snakes) mirrored the evolution of lifespans in these colubrid snakes. We measured whole animal metabolic rate (oxygen consumption Vo2), locomotor performance, cellular metabolic rate (mitochondrial oxygen consumption), and oxidative stress potential (hydrogen peroxide production by mitochondria). Longer-lived colubrid snakes have greater locomotor performance and reduced hydrogen peroxide production than short-lived species, while whole animal metabolic rates and mitochondrial efficiency did not differ with lifespan. We present the first measures testing the 'free radical theory of aging' using reptilian species as model organisms. Using reptiles with different lifespans as model organisms should provide greater insight into mechanisms of aging.
Risks of cancer among members of families in the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry.

Background. Increasing scientific and public interest in hereditary cancer syndromes has created a need for estimates of lifetime cancer risks among members of families with such syndromes. Methods. Data from the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry were used to evaluate risk for cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, colorectum, and prostate in members of 143 families containing three or more reported cases of ovarian cancer among first- or second-degree relatives. These risks were compared with those that were expected based on general population rates obtained from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Results. Overall, family members' risk of cancer at any nonovarian site was 1.5 times that of the general population (P < 0.001). Among female members, risk for cancer of the breast was 2.5 times that of the general population. Risk for cancer of the uterus was 5 times that of the general population and increased with increasing number of first-degree relatives with ovarian cancer. Among male family members having three or more first-degree relatives with ovarian cancer, prostate cancer risk was 4.5 times that of the general population. No excess risks were observed for cancer of the colorectum. Conclusions. These data support previous reports of coaggregation of cancer of the breast, uterus and ovary, and suggest coaggregation between cancer of the ovary and prostate. Differences in cancer risk profiles observed in these families with multiple ovarian cancer and in carriers of the gene BRCA1 suggest that hereditary ovarian cancer is genetically heterogeneous.
Agreement between DSM-III and III-R substance use disorders

With proposed criteria for DSM-IV substance dependence imminent, an evaluation of the impact of changes from DSM-III to DSM-III-R would be informative. Recent admissions to St. Louis drug treatment centers were interviewed with the DIS-III-R, which covers criteria from both systems. Kappa values for system agreement, diagnostic overlap and percent positive agreement are reported by substance. The DSM-III-R system cast a wider net for dependence than DSM-III for alcohol, tobacco and amphetamines. Neither system predominated for cannabis, opioids and barbiturates/sedatives/hypnotics. Reasons for differences and implications of findings are discussed.
Effect of Adhesives on the Mechanical Behavior of Thick Composite Joints

In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are used to study the deformation and interfacial failure behavior of an adhesively-bonded thick joint made of multi-layer S2 glass/SC-15 epoxy resin composite material. The adhesive material is 3M Scotch-Weld Epoxy Adhesive DP405 Black. Continuum damage mechanics models are used to describe the damage initiation at or near the interface and final failure process. The effect of adhesive overlap length, thickness and plasticity on the interfacial shear stress and normal stress are studied. Experimental and analytical data are used to validate the proposed damage models.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A characterization of generalized permutation characters

Permutation characters and permutation modules play an important role in finite group representation theory. It is therefore desirable to know which generalized characters of a group are generalized permutation characters-that is, integral linear combinations of permutation characters. All characters of symmetric groups are generalized permutation characters, as are all rationally represented characters of p-groups. Several papers on generalized permutation characters have appeared but as far as we know ours is the first characterization of generalized permutation characters for arbitrary finite groups. See the introduction of [6] for a discussion of some recent wprk on generalized permutation characters. Our approach to the problem involves systematic use of p-integral linear combinations of irreducible characters of a group G, rather than merely integral linear combinations. Clearly a generalized character of G is a generalized permutation character if and only if it is a p-integral combination of permutation characters for all p dividing 1 G I. Before we state our main theorem we must give two definitions. For the first, let G be a group, p a prime number, and (x) a cyclic #-subgroup of G. Let x be a rational-valued class function on G, and let P, be ap-Sylow of Cc(x). We define a class function xZ on P, by x=(p) = x(px) for p E P, . For the second definition, let H be a not necessarily normal subgroup of a group G and let 9 be a class function on H. We say that 0 is G-invariant if 0 has the same value on any two G-conjugate elements of H. In the statement of the main theorem which follows, pZ will denote a p-Sylow of N&x) containing P, .
Impairment of pancreatic acinar function by reserpine in vivo and in vitro.

Chronic reserpine treatment of animals, an experimental model for cystic fibrosis (CF), results in generalized exocrinopathy, impaired pancreatic secretion, and decreased pancreatic content of amylase. The mechanisms of altered acinar function and decreased amylase content in both CF and the reserpine-treated rat are unknown. To examine this alteration, the rate of [3H]phenylalanine (phe) incorporation into cellular protein was determined in pancreatic acinar cells after reserpine treatment of rats in vivo (7 d) and of cells in vitro (1 to 24 h). Acinar cells isolated from control, chronic reserpine-treated, and pair-fed rats were incubated in vitro with 0, 30, 50, or 100 μM reserpine. Reserpine treatment in vitro for 24 h of acinar cells from control rats significantly decreased amylase activity (20 to 70%), an effect similar to that of reserpine treatment in vivo. In vivo, reserpine treatment decreased [3H]phe incorporation (disintegrations per minute per milligram protein) 56% in freshly isolated cells, but did not alter intracellular specific activity (disintegrations per minute per nanomole phe, SA) of [3H]phe. Reserpine treatment (30 and 50 μM) in vitro for 1 h also decreased [3H]phe incorporation by freshly isolated cells from control (53 to 85%) and pair-fed (40 to 68%) rats. Reserpine treatment for 24 h in vitro significantly decreased [3H]phe incorporation by cells from control (82 and 98%), pair-fed (80 and 95%), and chronic reserpine-treated (90 and 97%) rats as compared with cells from respective in vivo treatments cultured with no reserpine. In vitro reserpine treatment also decreased the intracellular SA of [3H]phe in freshly isolated cells from control (14 and 36%) and pair-fed (35 and 39%) rats and in cultured cells from control (11 and 86%), pair-fed (60 and 88%), and chronic reserpine-treated (49 and 76%) rats. However, these alterations of SA by reserpine did not account for the decreased incorporation of [3H]phe into acinar protein, which remained significantly lower (70 to 88%) when expressed as total phe incorporation. These results suggest (a) that reserpine acts directly on acinar cells to alter function and (b) that the ability of the pancreas to synthesize digestive enzymes may be impaired in this model of cystic fibrosis.
Observed and modeled evolution of the tropical mean radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere since 1985

[1] We have used satellite-based broadband radiation observations to construct a long-term continuous 1985–2005 record of the radiative budget components at the top of the atmosphere for the tropical region (20°S–20°N). On the basis of the constructed record we have derived the most conservative estimate of their trends. We compared the interannual variability of the net radiative fluxes at the top of the tropical atmosphere with model simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fourth assessment report (AR4) archive available up to 2000 and showed that most of the models capture the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption signal in both its timing and amplitude; however, none of them simulate the observed trends. Further comparison showed that among the “best skilled” models, which are those that showed the highest value of the correlation in simulating one or all of the observed net, shortwave, and longwave radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere, the model with an equilibrium climate sensitivity ∼3.4°C for the doubling CO2 represents the observed amplifying total feedback effect in the tropical atmosphere better than the models with a climate sensitivity ∼2.7°C or 4.3°C. This total feedback effect was calculated on the basis of an assumed simplified system of interactions between the near-surface temperature and the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere.
Phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens: Preparation and characterization of homogeneous enzyme

A new procedure for the purification of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens has been devised that results in essentially pure enzyme. The procedure consists of ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex, and affinity chromatography on phosphatidylcholine linked to Sepharose. The molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and gel filtration, is 43,000; and the isoelectric point is pH 5.4. The enzyme was optimally active with phosphatidylcholine dispersed in sodium deoxycholate, although appreciable activity was observed with either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin dispersed with ethanol. The requirement for metal ions in the assay could be met by a number of different ions. The pure enzyme was found to contain 2 mol zinc per mol enzyme, thus implicating it as a zinc metalloenzyme.
Nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation is accompanied by differential induction and localization of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in PC12 cells and variant PC12S cells

PC12 cells and the morphological variant PC12S cells in culture were examined by immunochemical methods for the presence of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), before and after treatment with the nerve growth factor (NGF). In untreated PC12, untreated PC12S and in NGF-treated PC12 cells, APP was localized in the cytoplasm, whereas in NGF-treated PC12S cells, APP was localized at growth cones, processes and cytoplasm. In PC12 cells, three major forms of APP (695 and 751/770) were detected by Western blot. After NGF treatment, only the level of APP 695 was increased. Immunoprecipitation studies in PC12 cells revealed six protein species, corresponding to immature and mature forms of each of the three APP 695, 751 and 770 proteins. Addition of NGF increased the synthesis of the immature and mature forms of APP695. In PC12S cells, only the higher molecular weight forms of APP (751/770) were detected by both Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Addition of NGF had no effect on their levels. In both cell types, the level of the secreted form of APP showed a significant transient increase after NGF treatment. These results suggest that NGF can differentially regulate the molecular forms of APP and the localization of APP within the cell.
Dissociation of effects of LH-RH analogs on pituitary regulation and reproductive behavior

Abstract Analogs of LH-RH were studied for their effect on lordosis in ovariectomized rats primed with estrogen. Classified by their gonadotropin-releasing activity, representatives of three types of analogs were tested for facilitation of lordotic (L) responses of preselected females to mounting (M) by male studs. Positive responses (L/M>0.5) were found after SC administration of LH-RH peptides modified so as to be inhibitory, stimulatory, or inactive in releasing LH and FSH. The results further support the concept of a dissociation between the endocrine and extra-endocrine effects of peripherally injected hypothalamic peptides.
On the energy of bifurcated hydrogen bonds for protein structure prediction

Although hydrogen bonds are known to form cooperative networks, most protein structure prediction methods still model individual hydrogen bonds independently for computational efficiency. We are developing ways to identify and score networks of bonds, but need to determine the energies from such networks. In this paper we perform quantum calculations to compare energy profiles of individual hydrogen bonds to those of the simplest dependent interaction, bifurcated hydrogen bonds. When there are two lone pairs available for an acceptor to bond with two donors, then there is very little difference between the energies of two independent bonds and a bifurcated bond, but for one donor to bond to two acceptors is much harder. These results suggest that lone pair positions may be a better basis for hydrogen bond parameterization than atom positions.
Development of a Scalable Monitoring System for Wheelchair Tilt-in-Space Usage.

Despite advances in rehabilitation research and assistive technology, pressure ulcer rates remain high among people affected by spinal cord injury. The Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America recommends using power seat functions, such as tilt-in-space (tilt), to reduce seating interface pressure and restore blood flow to ischemic tissues. However, recent studies suggest that pressure-relieving tilts are not being adequately used in daily life. Additional data collection is needed to better understand tilt trends in daily life, but the conventional data logging procedures that involve the physical initialization, retrieval, and management of the data loggers may not be practical in a large-scale setting. Thus, we developed a longitudinal monitoring framework with a focus on scalability through connectivity and affordability. Connectivity was achieved through wireless technologies, allowing the data to be both recorded and retrieved remotely, along with Web technologies, allowing the server-processed results to be viewed in real time from any internet-accessible browser. Affordability was achieved through the use of free software and relatively inexpensive components, including the Raspberry Pi and MMA7455L accelerometer. Preliminary validation was performed by comparing the tilt distributions of our automated online processing system with a manual offsite processing method. Two protocols were tested, and statistical analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 1.00 in both cases. Thus, our system may be a viable means of both broadening and deepening the scope of longitudinal monitoring by reaching more participants and analyzing more data over longer periods.
Ultrathin gate-oxide breakdown-reversibility at low voltage

Solid-insulator breakdown always leads to a permanent conduction path that is irreversible. This is a built-in assumption in all gate-oxide breakdown reliability measurement and lifetime projection. This assumption is not valid when the gate-oxide thickness is less than 2 nm and the operation voltage is 1 V or less. The authors examine the impact of reversible breakdown using breakdown data from 12 000 devices stressed by plasma charging damage. The data support the notion that when the surge current is limited at breakdown, the breakdown event may not leave any mark such as a permanent conduction path. The implication is that the commonly used accelerated-stress test, such as time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), may be underestimating the actual gate-oxide lifetime by as much as a million folds.
Statistics of boiling in a capillary U-tube

This is an experimental study of boiling in a capillary U-tube immersed in water with heating through an electrical wire at the center of the tube. Visual observation and study of video recordings formed the raw data for analysis. Average frequencies and power spectral densities of bubble emission were determined for different heat fluxes. The average frequency of bubble emission without regard to U-tube branch was found to increase with heat flux. However, the distribution of emission between the two branches was more complicated. At low heat fluxes one of the branches predominated and bubble emission from there was periodic; at intermediate heat fluxes both branches emitted at similar frequencies, largely in an alternate manner; at large fluxes the two branches seemed decoupled and the probability of emission from one branch being followed by the other was about one-half.
Cardiac tumorgenic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in an immunocompetent host with myocardial infarction

Aim: Genetic reprogramming of somatic cells with stemness genes to restore their pluripotent status is being studied extensively to generate pluripotent stem cells as an alternative to embryonic stem cells. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of skeletal myoblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (SkiPS) from young male Oct4/GFP transgenic mice for regeneration of the infarcted heart. Methods & results: A mouse model of permanent coronary artery ligation was developed in young female immunocompetent C57BL/6J or C57BL/6x129S4 SV/jae Oct4/GFP mice. SkiPS labeled with Q-dots (3 × 105 in 10 µl basal Dulbecco’s modiﬁed Eagle’s medium) were transplanted in and around the area of infarct immediately after coronary artery ligation (n = 16) under direct vision. Control mice (n = 12) were injected with the same number of skeletal myoblasts. Histological studies documented successful engraftment of SkiPS in all the surviving animals 4 weeks later. However, six of the 16 SkiPS-transplanted (37.5...
Hecke orbits on Siegel modular varieties

We sketch a proof of the Hecke orbit conjecture for the Siegel modular variety \(\mathcal{A}_{g,n}\) over \(\overline {\mathbb{F}_p }\), where p is a prime number, fixed throughout this article. We also explain several techniques developed for the Hecke orbit conjecture, including a generalization of the Serre-Tate coordinates.
Unexpected bronchospasm during spinal anesthesia

Asthma and bronchospastic disease are common in patients presenting for anesthesia. Intraoperative bronchospasm can be a life-threatening problem. One approach to these patients is to use regional anesthesia because it is believed that this will reduce the complication rate. Presented here is a case of bronchospasm occurring during regional anesthesia that was unresponsive to beta agonists. The use of atropine in the treatment of bronchospasm also is discussed.
Evolution of Inline Network Encryptors toward the High Assurance Internet Protocol Interoperability Specifications (HAIPIS)

The National Security Agency (NSA) has established new High Assurance Internet Protocol Interoperability Specifications (HAIPIS) that requires different vendor's Inline Network Encryption (INE) devices to be interoperable at a higher level of intelligence. The end result will force the standardization of different encryption algorithms produced by different vendors. The US Army Battle Command Battle Laboratory - Gordon (BCBL(G)) has been entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring that new INEs meet HAIPIS as well as function within the Army's doctrinal concepts and deployment strategies. The BCBL(G) is one of the Army's premier facilities for operational assessments and operational experimentation for new INE devices. The BCBL(G) applies a unique blend of engineers, scientists and analysts to demonstrate, validate and verify INE hardware and software functions. The BCBL(G) provides the ability to rapidly evaluate vendor proposed telecommunication technologies that must be immediately leveraged to the Warfighter in order to maintain information security and tactical information superiority. The history of Army INE development is rich with lessons to be learned. The future of Army INE development is full of new challenges. This paper documents some of the lessons learned and outlines new challenges.
MicroRNAs associated with molecular mechanisms for plant root formation and growth

Although roots are so important for plant growth and crop productivity, the molecular mechanism(s) of root formation and growth is not fully understood. To increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, here we review microRNA regulation of processes related to root formation: the regulation of transcription factors, nutrient uptake, stress signaling, and growth signaling. We have summarized the interaction, expression, transport, and signaling events that involve microRNAs in ideal and stressed conditions in a number of model plants, highlighting the involvement of microRNAs in root formation. MicroRNAs are now known to be important players in root initiation, development, and growth; understanding the precise mechanisms involved will be valuable for plant molecular breeding to develop high-yielding crops with high stress resistance and low nutrient requirements.
Artificial neural networks for static security assessment

The chapter gives a short introduction to static security assessment. It discusses merits and pitfalls of different artificial intelligence approaches, and then focuses on the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) to static security assessment by studying the nature of different supervised and unsupervised neural nets. Finally two examples will illustrate in more detail the application of multi-layer perceptrons and Kohonen's self-organising map to power system static security assessment.
Is Health Reform Constitutional

This article, written shortly after the first health reform lawsuits were filed, considers the key constitutional challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It argues that the law is within Congress’ authority, and that to find otherwise would require a significant shift in Constitutional jurisprudence.
Experimental studies of new flame regimes and dynamics of non-premixed combustion in a confined channel

The effects of channel width, wall temperature, and flow rate on the flame regimes and propagation speeds of non-premix flames in a mesoscale combustor were studied in methane and propane-air-oxygen mixing layers. A flame street structure which consists of multiple triple flamelets in the mixing layer of the reactants was observed experimentally. Depending on the flow rate, it was found that there are two different flame regimes, an unsteady bimodal flame regime and a flame street regime where there are multiple stable triple flamelets. It was found that the separation distance of the flamelets increased due to the dilution effect of the products and that the size of the flamelets was proportional to the width of the mixing layer. A scale analytical model was developed to qualitatively explain the mechanism of flame streets. The propagation speed of the mesocale non-premixed flame cell was measured. It was found that the edge flame speed was significantly faster than that the conventional triple flame. The effects of wall heat loss and friction were discussed. A model of pressure gradient assisted flame propagation was proposed.
An orange-yellow mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus produces aflatoxin.

(1969). An Orange-Yellow Mutant of Aspergillus Parasiticus Produces Aflatoxin. Mycologia: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 651-653.
Clinical Features of Restless Legs Syndrome

Clinical characteristics of childhood-onset restless legs syndrome (RLS) were studied in 32 (5.9%) patients, <18 years of age, diagnosed with the disorder among 538 who attended the Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center with sleep-wake complaints, between January 2000 and March 2004, at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Facile rearrangement of 3-oxoalkyl radicals is evident in low-temperature gas-phase oxidation of ketones.

The pulsed photolytic chlorine-initiated oxidation of methyl-tert-butyl ketone (MTbuK), di-tert-butyl ketone (DTbuK), and a series of partially deuterated diethyl ketones (DEK) is studied in the gas phase at 8 Torr and 550–650 K. Products are monitored as a function of reaction time, mass, and photoionization energy using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry with tunable synchrotron ionizing radiation. The results establish that the primary 3-oxoalkyl radicals of those ketones, formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the carbon atom in γ-position relative to the carbonyl oxygen, undergo a rapid rearrangement resulting in an effective 1,2-acyl group migration, similar to that in a Dowd–Beckwith ring expansion. Without this rearrangement, peroxy radicals derived from MTbuK and DTbuK cannot undergo HO2 elimination to yield a closed-shell unsaturated hydrocarbon coproduct. However, not only are these coproducts observed, but they represent the dominant oxidation channels of these ketones under ...
NRCS Plant Information and Conservation Practice Standards

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture makes many of its technical resources available to the general public through its electronic Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG), which includes the list of conservation practice standards. Conservation practice standards are the minimum levels set for acceptable application of conservation technology. The following practices are considered: conservation cover, contour buffer strips, cross wind trap strips, critical area plantings, field borders, filter strips, grassed waterways, herbaceous wind barriers, land reclamation, abandoned and current mined lands, pasture and hayland plantings, prescribed grazings, and silvopasture establishment. Key entry points for tall fescue [Loliuni arundinaceurn ( Schreb.) Darbysh.] within the NRCS PLANTS database are presented. Some tall fescue interactions with wildlife and other ecosystem components are discussed.
Hormonal therapy for breast cancer and diabetes incidence among postmenopausal women

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between hormonal therapy for breast cancer and subsequent diabetes incidence. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results—Medicare linked data were used. Stage I–III breast cancer patients 65 years or older who filled at least two prescriptions for an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or tamoxifen by the end of 2008, and within 12 months of breast cancer diagnosis, were selected. Women without cancer from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries were frequency matched to patients by age group, and new onset diabetes was monitored for 24 months postbaseline in both groups of women. Results Cox-proportional hazards analysis failed to show an association between AI use and subsequent diabetes onset after adjusting for age, race, and comorbidity (hazard ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.18). This study also failed to show an association between tamoxifen use and diabetes onset (hazard ratio: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.17). Conclusions Study findings provide evidence that postmenopausal AI and tamoxifen users do not experience an increased risk of diabetes in the 2 years after treatment initiation. Whether these findings will hold with longer duration follow-up deserves a closer look.
Regulation of leukocyte adhesion and signaling in inflammation and disease

Cell adhesion molecules provide the foundation for cell communication, trafficking, and immune surveillance central to host defense. These adhesion molecules which include selectins, integrins and members of the Ig superfamily, provide a recognition system between leukocytes, endothelial cells and matrix molecules. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions initiate recruitment at sites of injury, infection and inflammation. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions also influence leukocyte phenotype and function. Dysregulation of these adhesion and signal transduction pathways can contribute to continued recruitment and persistent leukocyte activation with unresolved inflammation. Based on the pivotal role adhesive interactions play, the adhesion molecules provide potential targets for intervention. Selected synthetic fibronectin peptides, which inhibit leukocyte integrin binding and signal transduction in vitro, block recruitment and activation to limit inflammation in vivo.
Prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence trend in Changzhou city with grey system model GM(1,1)

Objective To establish the grey system model GM(1,1)for pulmonary tuberculosis and predict pulmonary tuberculosis incidence trend in Changzhou city.Methods Grey Model(1,1) was set up according to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis data in Changzhou city from 《China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention》 during 2004-2011,and used to predict pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence for 2012-2014.Results Predicting-model GM(1,1)was(1)(k+1)=-944.706 5 e-0.087 40 k+1 021.734 3.According to the result of fitting test,the fitting accuracy of the model was excellent(C=0.222,P=1).With the established model the predictive incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in Changzhou city from 2012 to 2014 were 42.8812 per hundred thousand,39.292 5 per hundred thousand and 36.004 1 per hundred thousand respectively.Conclusions The grey system model GM(1,1) is acceptable to analyze the trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Changzhou city and the predicting results was of reference value.
A Related Entity based Approach for Knowledge Base Acceleration.

In this paper we present the overview of our work in the TREC 2013 KBA Track. The goal is to find documents which may contribute to the update of knowledge base entries (e.g., Wikipedia or Freebase articles). Two tasks are introduced in this year’s track: (1) Cumulative Citation Recommendation (CCR), (2) Streaming Slot Filling (SSF). Particularly, we focus on the CCR task, follow our previous work on TREC 2012 KBA Track [3] and propose an improved approach by incorporating weighting to related entities. Our approach is based on the framework of leveraging related entities for document filtering. In particular, we pool related entities from the profile page (i.e., Wikipedia) of target entity, estimate the weight of each related entities based on the training data, and apply the weighted related entities to estimate the confidence scores of streaming documents. We explore three methods based on different weighting strategies: (1) all related entities get zero weight, which is equivalent to exact matching against the target entity only. (2) all related entities get same weight. (3) related entities are weighted based on training data. Experiments on the KBA Stream Corpus 2013 reveal the effectiveness of our approach.
Cognitive effects of nutritional deficiency

The widespread notion that what we eat affects how we think has been difficult to prove. Even for the most flagrant example of poor nutrition, starvation in “Third World” countries, such a precept has not been indisputably demonstrated.
Gas Chromatographic/Chemiluminescence Detection (Thermal Energy Analyzer-Nitrogen Mode) Method for the Determination of Dibutylamine in Hams

A gas chromatographic (GC) procedure is described for the determination of dibutylamine (DBA) in ham at less than 1 ppm. Sample is extracted with 0.5N HCl, centrifuged, made basic, and then extracted with isopropyl alcohol. Final determination is by GC/thermal energy analysis in the nitrogen mode. Six replicate analyses of ham fortified with 0.5 ppm DBA gave a recovery of 90.2 +/- 3.4%. Over a range of 0.5 to 3.0 ppm DBA, the repeatability was 0.07 ppm, and the coefficient of variation was 6.07%. Limit of detection was 0.1 ppm. Effectiveness of the procedure was demonstrated on selected ham samples.
Ebonics and Black School Achievement: The Language Difference Hypothesis

The subject matter of this chapter connects with the Ebonics phenomenon on two different levels. At the most concrete level, it is about a research project that grew out of the politics surrounding the Ebonics controversy. At a deeper level it is a fascinating case study of the current state of national policy toward the education of African American children, and the contributions of the various academic disciplines represented by the research team to the ongoing debate. At the concrete level, the only way of making sense of how the project came to be structured in the particular manner that eventually emerged, and involve the particular personalities that it brought together, is with reference to its highly-charged political context.
Issues of Relevance for Discourse Analysis: Contingency in Action, Interaction and Co-Participant Context

There are three themes on which I would like to focus attention, whose full incorporation into the analysis of discourse is, in my view, critical for its optimum further development. What needs to be incorporated is an orientation 1) to action, 2) to interaction, and 3) to multi-party interaction. It will turn out that orientation to each of these themes confronts the student of discourse with a sort of challenge whose depth and consequentiality has not yet been fully registered or explored, but is likely to be substantial. What becomes inescapable in facing up to action, interaction and multi-party interaction is the challenge of contingency. What exactly I mean by “contingency” will only come into view over the course of the discussion of empirical materials; as it cannot be usefully elaborated here, I will return to the import of contingency at the end.
The Development of Frozen Orange Juice Concentrate: A classic example: How innovative management built a new industry by harnessing technology

(1968). The Development of Frozen Orange Juice Concentrate: A classic example: How innovative management built a new industry by harnessing technology. Research Management: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 45-60.
Iron and Sex Cross Paths in the Heart.

Cardiovascular‐related mortality accounts for >600 000 deaths per year and is the leading cause of death in the United States.[1][1] In addition to factors such as age; a high‐fat, high‐glucose diet; exercise; and certain comorbidities, male sex is independently associated with higher
Development of substrate-free frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element (FUSE) phased array

A novel, substrate-free, Frequency-scaled Ultra-wide Spectrum Element (FUSE) antenna has been designed and built. Measured results from a 17×16 prototype demonstrate experimental validation for a scalable, low-profile, and dual-polarized phased array that has 7:1 bandwidth ratio, scanning 45 degrees in elevation at all azimuth with a VSWR lower than 2, and has better than −17 dB cross-polarization levels in all planes.
Separation of individuals of any blood group into secretors and non-secretors by use of a plant agglutinin (lectin).

It has been found that an anti-H agglutinin, prepared by simple saline extraction of seeds of Ulex europeus , is suitable for the routine separation of individuals into secretors and non-secretors, merely by testing the ability of the undiluted saliva of the subjects to inhibit the agglutination of group O erythrocytes by the undiluted Ulex extract.
Dynamic cybersecurity training environments for an evolving cyber workforce

A cybersecurity training environment or platform provides an excellent foundation tool for the cyber protection team (CPT) to practice and enhance their cybersecurity skills, develop and learn new knowledge, and experience advanced and emergent cyber threat concepts in information security. The cyber training platform is comprised of similar components and usage methods as system testbeds which are used for assessing system security posture as well as security devices. To enable similar cyber behaviors as in operational systems, the cyber training platforms must incorporate realism of operation for the system the cyber workforce desires to protect. The system's realism is obtained by constructing training models that include a broad range of system and specific device-level fidelity. However, for cyber training purposes the training platform must go beyond computer network topology and computer host model fidelity - it must include realistic models of cyber intrusions and attacks to enable the realism necessary for training purposes. In this position paper we discuss the benefits that such a cyber training platform provides, to include a discussion on the challenges of creating, deploying, and maintaining the platform itself. With the current availability of networked information system emulation and virtualization technologies, coupled with the capability to federate with other system simulators and emulators, including those used for training, the creation of powerful cyber training platforms are possible.
Holding Area LINQ Trial (HALT).

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) can be implanted out of the traditional hospital setting and efforts are being made to explore the feasibility of implanting these devices in a specific standardized location other than the operating room or a cardiac catherization/electrophysiology lab. Methods This was a prospective, non-randomized, single center post-market clinical trial designed to occur in the holding area of a hospital operating room or cardiac catheterization/electrophysiology laboratory. The Medtronic Reveal LINQ ICM was implanted and patients were followed for 90 days post implant. This study was designed to observe any procedure related adverse events stemming from the holding area implantation. Results Twenty patients were implanted at our hospital in a holding room not traditionally associated with the electrophysiology/cardiac/operatory labs. One patient was lost to the 90-day follow up. In one case, ICM implantation led to diagnosis requiring removal of ICM before the 90 day follow up and insertion of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In the remaining 18 patients, there were no serious complications such as minor skin infections, systemic infections or procedure-related adverse events requiring device explant. Conclusion When following a standardized protocol with attention to sterile technique, it is feasible to implant ICMs in a holding area with no procedure related adverse events (AE).
Perceptions of Teamwork in the OR: Roles and Expectations.

Researchers investigated perceptions of communication between members of the OR team. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
A Multilayered Technique for Repair of the Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Craniotomy.

Objective Our primary objective was to retrospectively review our single institution experience using an anatomic multilayered repair of the retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy. Our secondary objective was to review the existing body of literature on the repair of this craniotomy and compare our outcomes to previous results. Design Retrospective review of 25 consecutive patients undergoing repair for the retrosigmoid craniotomy. Setting University of California Davis Medical Center (2010–2016). Participants A total of 25 consecutive patients who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and repair. Exclusion criteria included patients who were under the age of 18 years. Main Outcome Measures Main outcomes included incidence of postoperative headache, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and wound infections. Results Postoperative headache was reported in two patients in this series (8%). None of the patients in the series developed cerebrospinal fluid leak or wound infections. Mean follow-up period was 16 months. Conclusion Our multilayered anatomic repair after retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy results in favorable clinical results and may help reduce the risks associated with this operation.
Printed Receive Coils with High Acoustic Transparency for Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound

In magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) therapy sound waves are focused through the body to selectively ablate difficult to access lesions and tissues. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner non-invasively tracks the temperature increase throughout the tissue to guide the therapy. In clinical MRI, tightly fitted hardware comprised of multichannel coil arrays are required to capture high quality images at high spatiotemporal resolution. Ablating tissue requires a clear path for acoustic energy to travel but current array materials scatter and attenuate acoustic energy. As a result coil arrays are placed outside of the transducer, clear of the beam path, compromising imaging speed, resolution, and temperature accuracy of the scan. Here we show that when coil arrays are fabricated by additive manufacturing (i.e., printing), they exhibit acoustic transparency as high as 89.5%. This allows the coils to be placed in the beam path increasing the image signal to noise ratio (SNR) five-fold in phantoms and volunteers. We also characterize printed coil materials properties over time when submerged in the water required for acoustic coupling. These arrays offer high SNR and acceleration capabilities, which can address current challenges in treating head and abdominal tumors allowing MRgFUS to give patients better outcomes.