cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinary and Community Literacies: Shifting Discourses and Practices through New Paradigms of Public Scholarship and Action-Oriented Research

800x600 800x600 800x600 800x600 800x600 According to the Ford Foundation, "a deeper understanding of human sexuality is an essential element of human rights and healthy social relationships." Beginning with this assumption, we seek to be informed by and to inform policies and local practices; to initiate broad conversations that address sexual health and healthy sexualities for youth; and ultimately to develop innovative collaborations, programs, and research. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidd
Cryogenic precision capacitance bridge using a single electron tunneling electrometer

Abstract The electronic charge can be determined by placing a known number of electrons on a calibrated capacitor and measuring the resulting voltage. Single electron tunneling (SET) electrometers with sufficient sensitivity for this application have been fabricated. We report on the design and preliminary results of a capacitance bridge experiment using an SET electrometer to measure two capacitors in a dilution refrigerator. This includes discussion of issues such as the leakage rate of a capacitor at cryogenic temperatures and the optimum coupling of the electrometer to the bridge circuit.
In-situ Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemical studies of the thermal stability of iron phthalocyanine dispersed in high surface area carbon

Etudes d'un catalyseur sur support, phtalocyanine de fer-carbone, pour la reduction electrochimique d'oxygene
LINQ from a database perspective: querying relations and XML (abstract only)

LINQ is a declarative language that provides a uniform paradigm for querying relations, objects, and XML. LINQ has from-where-select clauses, similar to SQL, but the clause order is based on its underlying formalism of functional programming. This workshop introduces LINQ from a database perspective with hands-on exercises over relational and XML data using a lightweight IDE for formative feedback. Participants will learn LINQ by experiencing sample exercises for incorporating LINQ into the database curriculum. The intended audience includes anyone with the knowledge of SQL who wants to learn LINQ. After learning LINQ to query relational data, participants will be introduced to XML and how LINQ can also be used to return, query, and transform XML data. Laptop recommended.
Contact lens management following corneal refractive surgery

Corneal refractive surgery has enjoyed considerable success and popularity in recent years; LASIK has become the surgical procedure of choice. The incidence of visually significant complications varies widely, but is inversely related to surgeon experience. Visual complaints include multifocal images, shadows, ametropias, anisometropia, night vision difficulties, decreased contrast sensitivity and loss of BCVA. Contact lenses offer an option to rehabilitate patients when visually symptomatic following refractive surgery. RGP lenses provide the best postoperative visual rehabilitation following refractive surgery.
Experimental Evaluation of the Elastic Determinants of Myocardial Function in vivo

Shortening of myocardial fibers occurs following force development in those fibers. The extent, speed and timing of shortening are determined by kinetics and extent of force. However, shortening is also influenced by the elastance/viscosity of the muscle tissue, because that determines the coupling between force and shortening. In the in vivo dog heart, we estimated that coupling by measuring local myocardial force and fiber shortening independently under various conditions. We determined the effect of positive and negative inotropy (by intracoronary injection of dobutamine and acetylcholine, respectively), and of dysfunctional contraction produced by local ischemia/reperfusion and BDM. Under baseline and both positive and negative intropy, most shortening occurred during systole, and dobutamine increased the proportion of total shortening in early systole from 45.8 ± 8.5% to 74.9 ± 9.6%. During reperfusion following ischemia, shortening in early systole was markedly reduced to 16.5 ± 2.9; BDM caused a similar reduction to 16.5 ± 8.1. Most of the shortening occurred during early diastole (53.0 ± 6.8 for reperfusion, and 54.0 ± 10.3 for BDM). These effects were all reversible. It is concluded that energetic efficiency is greatly affected by the elastic properties coupling force and shortening. Thus appropriate analysis of muscle function must take into account the changeable elastic properties of the tissue—both force and shortening, and their interaction must be considered.
Tracking flow features using overset grids

A method is proposed to use overset grid topology to track dynamic flow features. Features of interest such as moving shock waves and vortices are overset with relatively fine tracker grids. Solutions are computed on the various grids and information is exchanged at intergrid boundaries. A grid track-sensor variable such as pressure is used to track the position of the flow feature to be resolved. The tracker grid is moved to the position where the track-sensor variable has the desired value (generally a maximum or a minimum) and new interpolation coefficients are computed for information exchange across grid boundaries. Solutions are computed at the current location and time-step, and grid motion is brought into the solution via time metrics. The method is demonstrated by tracking a moving shock and vortices shed behind a circular cylinder. It is conjectured that the method would show significant benefits in resolving features such as wakes behind oscillating airfoils and trajectories of jets issuing from rotating nozzles as encountered during thrust-vectoring.
Posterior fossa intra-axial tumors: a comparison of computed tomography with other imaging methods.

Abstract Fifty patients with posterior fossa intra-axial tumors were evaluated by computed tomography and the results compared with routine skull films, radionuclide brain scanning, vertebral angiography, and cerebral air studies. The routine skull series was found to be of little benefit. Computed tomography was more sensitive than the radionuclide brain scan in detecting all of the lesions except astrocytoma, for which sensitivity was comparable. Angiography was the most sensitive means of detecting hemangioblastoma, and was the only reliable radiographic method of differentiating hemangioblastoma from astrocytoma, Cerebral air studies were the most sensitive and specific means of evaluating brainstem gliomas.
Subtelomeric hotspots of aberrant 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-mediated epigenetic modifications during reprogramming to pluripotency

Human embryonic stem cells contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) generated by the TET enzyme. Jin and colleagues show that TET1 increases 5hmC levels during reprogramming to human inducible pluripotent stem cells, and although this change is critical for optimal epigenetic reprogramming, it does not compromise primed pluripotency.
Classification of children with autism spectrum disorders: A finite mixture modeling approach to heterogeneity

Abstract The heterogeneity found in autism and related disorders (i.e., “autism spectrum disorders”) is widely acknowledged. Even within a specific disorder, such as Autistic Disorder, the range in abilities and clinical presentation is broad. The heterogeneity observed has prompted many researchers to propose subtypes beyond the commonly used DSM-IV-TR diagnoses. However, previous research has used analysis procedures that have significant limitations. This research examined the possible presence and structure of latent behavioral subgroups in young children. Multiple measures were utilized including direct observational measurement of social behavior. Finite mixture modeling analysis revealed evidence for two latent components or subgroups. The groups differed significantly on IQ, receptive language, and social interactions, but not on autism symptom severity. The two groups did not differ by age or proportion of males or females, but differed in terms of diagnoses. Results are compared to existing models of subgroups in autism spectrum disorders, and discussed in terms of implications for future research and treatment.
A remark on Bartels and Conn's linearly constrained, discrete l1 problems

Two modifications of Bartels and Conn's algorithm for solving linearly constrained discrete l1 problems are described. The modifications are designed to improve performance of the algorithm under conditions of degeneracy.
Experiments with Local Federalism Secession and the Neighborhood Council Movement in Los Angeles

Federalism involves allocation of powers between units of government at different geographic levels. In local areas, changes in relationships between units of government may be effected through inc...
Competition in early exogenous orienting between 7 and 21 weeks.

Exogenous (stimulus-driven) orienting between 7 and 21 weeks of age was examined in 2 experiments using a display with multiple potential targets of attention. On each trial a small moving probe was used to draw attention to one side of the display or the other. This moving probe appeared simultaneously with 27 static bars. In the first experiment, sensitivity to the moving target was affected significantly by the spatial distribution of these red and green static bars for 14-week-olds but not for 8-week-olds. Sensitivity to the moving target was lower for 14-week-olds when most of the red bars appeared contralaterally to the moving target. This effect replicated a similar effect observed in J. L. Dannemiller (1998). The lack of a contralateral competition effect in Experiment 1 for the 8-week-olds may have occurred because I used a stronger motion stimulus for the younger infants in an attempt to hold the overall performance constant at the 2 ages. A second experiment using a weaker motion stimulus showed that this contralateral competition effect was observable over the entire age range from 7 to 21 weeks of age. Thus as early as 7 weeks of age, sensitivity for a small moving stimulus can be significantly influenced by the simultaneous presence of competing targets of attention in the visual field. Large increases in overall sensitivity were also found across the age range from 7 to 21 weeks. Results are discussed in terms of the development of putative competition mechanisms involved in exogenous orienting.
Induction of adrenal insufficiency in the rat by sensitization with homologous tissue

Abstract Rats immunized with adrenal cortical tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant developed adrenocortical insufficiency as evidenced by failure to gain weight, hypoglycemia during fasting, an increased rate of water and salt excretion when placed on a salt-free diet, and a reduced corticosterone content of the blood plasma. These functional disturbances were reflected in degenerative changes throughout the adrenal cortex, as manifested by vacuolization of the cytoplasma and changes in the mitochondria. The presence of isoantibodies against adrenocortical tissue was demonstrated by immuno-diffusion tests. There was also an increased gamma globulin content of the serum and infiltration of the affected tissues by mononuclear cells, suggestive of an autoimmune reaction. Rats immunized with adrenomedullary tissue developed degenerative changes in the chromaphil cells and a mild elevation in blood pressure, but no evidence of anatomic or functional disturbances of the cortex.
The metabolism of 1-phospho-5-methylthioribose

Abstract In partially fractionated rat liver homogenate, 1-phospho-5-methylthioribose is oxidatively converted to 2-keto, 4-methylthiobutyric acid, 2-hydroxy, 4-methylthiobutyric acid and formate. The amount of formate formed is equal to the amount of 2-keto, 4-methylthiobutyric acid plus 2-hydroxy, 4-methylthiobutyric acid formed. The data suggest that the keto acid is the precursor of the hydroxy acid. No readily dissociable cofactors are involved in the reaction. A mechanism is proposed for the conversion of 1-phospho-4-methylthiobutyric acid to formate and 2-keto, 4-methylthiobutyric acid.
Inclusion in Physical Education: Changing the Culture.

(2007). Inclusion in Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 32-48.
The effects of social isolation on the forced swim test in Fawn hooded and Wistar rats

Although the forced swim test (FST) has long been used as a preclinical screen of antidepressant efficacy, locomotor stimulants are known to produce confounding effects using the traditional dependent measure in this test: immobility. It has recently been suggested that measurement of struggling behavior may be a better index of antidepressant activity. The present experiments examined behavior in the forced swim test in two potential animal models of depression: the Fawn hooded rat, and the isolation-reared rat. No evidence was found to support these assertions, indeed immobility was decreased in Fawn hooded compared to Wistar rats, however this appeared to be caused by increased struggling behavior in Fawn hooded socials and increased swimming in Fawn hooded isolates. Although these differential results are highly suggestive of different underlying causes of decreased immobility in Fawn hooded rats depending on rearing conditions, the data suggests that the underlying psychological functions assumed to be represented by behavior assessed in this paradigm may not be adequately discriminated.
Dietary Whole Grain–Microbiota Interactions: Insights into Mechanisms for Human Health

This article summarizes the presentations from the “Dietary Whole Grain–Microbiota Interactions: Insights into Mechanisms for Human Health” symposium held at the ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2014 in San Diego, CA, on 28 April 2014. The symposium focused on the interactive effects of whole grains and nondigestible carbohydrates with the gut microbiota with the goal of identifying the benefits of whole grains that are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. This theme was addressed by 4 speakers, each with their own unique perspective. Dr. Michael Lefevre reviewed the impact of whole grains on markers of subclinical inflammation, drawing examples from epidemiologic literature, clinical trials, and animal experiments. Dr. Knud Erik Bach Knudsen discussed data from studies he conducted to identify specific carbohydrates that enhance colonic butyrate production. Dr. Michael Keenan presented a chronology of his research program devoted to understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of resistant starch, particularly high-amylose maize. Dr. Jens Walter emphasized that whole grains can impact gut microbial ecology by increasing microbial diversity and inducing compositional alterations, some of which are considered to have beneficial effects on the host.
Conditional weighted universal source codes: second order statistics in universal coding

We consider the use of second order statistics in two-stage universal source coding. Examples of two-stage universal codes include the weighted universal vector quantization (WUVQ), weighted universal bit allocation (WUBA), and weighted universal transform coding (WUTC) algorithms. The second order statistics are incorporated in two-stage universal source codes in a manner analogous to the method by which second order statistics are incorporated in entropy constrained vector quantization (ECVQ) to yield conditional ECVQ (CECVQ). In this paper, we describe an optimal two-stage conditional entropy constrained universal source code along with its associated optimal design algorithm and a fast (but nonoptimal) variation of the original code. The design technique and coding algorithm here presented result in a new family of conditional entropy constrained universal codes including but not limited to the conditional entropy constrained WUVQ (CWUVQ), the conditional entropy constrained WUBA (CWUBA), and the conditional entropy constrained WUTC (CWUTC). The fast variation of the conditional entropy constrained universal codes allows the designer to trade off performance gains against storage and delay costs. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed codes on a collection of medical brain scans. On the given data set, the CWUVQ achieves up to 7.5 dB performance improvement over variable-rate WUVQ and up to 12 dB performance improvement over ECVQ. On the same data set, the fast variation of the CWUVQ achieves identical performance to that achieved by the original code at all but the lowest rates (less than 0.125 bits per pixel).
Angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. The mandate broadens.

Among the most exciting developments in vascular medicine is the targeting of specific molecular regulators of blood vessel growth and development for therapeutic benefit. Angiogenesis, whether physiological, such as occurs during embryogenesis, or pathological, such as occurs during wound healing and tumor progression, requires a highly coordinated series of events that includes endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube and lumen formation, and in some cases, recruitment of smooth muscle and other adventitial cells. A large number of studies in cellular systems and animal models have led to identification and characterization of specific factors that can either stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis.1 These studies were mainly stimulated by Folkman’s hypothesis that tumor growth beyond a few millimeters requires recruitment and formation of a new microcirculation, and thus, that blood vessel–directed therapy might be effective in treating cancer. Translational research has now been initiated by several groups to test the hypothesis that local delivery of angiogenic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), by various strategies, including viral vectors, naked DNA, or purified recombinant proteins, may improve blood flow to ischemic tissues in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. In some cases, preliminary data have been reported and appear promising.2 Specific antiangiogenic therapies are also now in the clinical-trial stage for a broadening group of common diseases, including cancer, macular degeneration, and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent studies in rodent models suggest that antiangiogenic agents may limit adipose mass in hereditary obesity and may slow progression of atheroma.3 The latter result, reported in the April 6, 1999, issue of Circulation , showed that atheromatous lesions beyond a certain size, like malignant tumors, contain an increased number of vasa vasorum and that 2 different angiogenesis inhibitors, the fumagillin analogue TNP-470 or endostatin, a proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, when …
Fulminant parvovirus infection following erythropoietin treatment in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract We report the case of a 41-year-old black man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed a severe chronic anemia due to parvovirus infection. Bone marrow biopsy revealed erythroid aplasia. The infectious nature of the anemia was not recognized, and the patient was treated with erythropoietin. The patient's reticulocyte response was inadequate, however, and he remained anemic. A second bone marrow biopsy showed erythroid hyperplasia and prominent intranuclear parvovirus inclusions within erythroid progenitors. Erythropoietin was discontinued and was followed by a course of intravenous immunoglobulin, which resulted in rapid correction of anemia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fulminant human parvovirus infection exacerbated by erythropoietin administration and documented by sequential bone marrow histologic examination. This case illustrates the critical importance of considering parvovirus in the etiology of chronic anemia with erythroid aplasia in immunocompromis...
Treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma with metastasis to the parotid gland using intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a case report

Introduction Cutaneous eccrine porocarcinomas are uncommon malignant tumors of the sweat gland.
IgM binding to injured tissue precedes complement activation during skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion.

Background. Skeletal muscle reperfusion injury is mediated by IgM natural antibodies and by complement activation, as shown by the attenuation of reperfusion injury seen in mice with no natural IgM [1] and in mice deficient in complement C3 and C4 [2]. We postulate that tissue, when ischemic, expresses neoantigens to which preformed natural IgM antibodies bind, in turn producing harmful complement activation and reperfusion injury. Materials and methods. C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 2ho ftourniquet-induced hind limb ischemia followed by variable periods of reperfusion. Two hours of ischemia an d3ho freperfusion produced severe muscle necrosis and edema. Deposition of IgM and C3 in tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry on both frozen and Formalin-fixed tissue samples. Results. IgM binding to the endothelium and muscle bundles of the hind limb began during the ischemic period and continued throughout reperfusion up to 6 h. C3 deposition was not present during ischemia and, in contrast, began to appear a t1ho freperfusion and increased progressively thereafter. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that IgM binding to ischemic tissues precedes the damaging complement activation by a significant period of time. This has important therapeutic implications when considering anti-inflammatory therapy for reperfusion injury. © 2004
Distributed leaderless consensus algorithms for networked Euler–Lagrange systems

This article proposes and analyses distributed, leaderless, model-independent consensus algorithms for networked Euler–Lagrange systems. We propose a fundamental consensus algorithm, a consensus algorithm accounting for actuator saturation, and a consensus algorithm accounting for unavailability of measurements of generalised coordinate derivatives, for systems modelled by Euler–Lagrange equations. Due to the fact that the closed-loop interconnected Euler–Lagrange equations using these algorithms are non-autonomous, Matrosov's theorem is used for convergence analysis. It is shown that consensus is reached on the generalised coordinates and their derivatives of the networked Euler–Lagrange systems as long as the undirected communication topology is connected. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
The mapping collector: virtual memory support for generational, parallel, and concurrent compaction

Parallel and concurrent garbage collectors are increasingly employed by managed runtime environments (MREs) to maintain scalability, as multi-core architectures and multi-threaded applications become pervasive. Moreover, state-of-the-art MREs commonly implement compaction to eliminate heap fragmentation and enable fast linear object allocation.Our empirical analysis of object demographics reveals that unreachable objects in the heap tend to form clusters large enough to be effectively managed at the granularity of virtual memory pages. Even though processes can manipulate the mapping of the virtual address space through the standard operating system (OS) interface on most platforms, extant parallel/concurrent compactors do not do so to exploit this clustering behavior and instead achieve compaction by performing, relatively expensive, object moving and pointer adjustment.We introduce the Mapping Collector (MC), which leverages virtual memory operations to reclaim and consolidate free space without moving objects and updating pointers. MC is a nearly-single-phase compactor that is simpler and more efficient than previously reported compactors that comprise two to four phases. Through effective MRE-OS coordination, MC maintains the simplicity of a non-moving collector while providing efficient parallel and concurrent compaction.We implement both stop-the-world and concurrent MC in a generational garbage collection framework within the open-source HotSpot Java Virtual Machine. Our experimental evaluation using a multiprocessor indicates that MC significantly increases throughput and scalability as well as reduces pause times, relative to state-of-the-art, parallel and concurrent compactors.
Buddhism and Electoral Politics in Sri Lanka Politicization, tensions and de-politicization of Buddhism

Organized religions often play a significant role in the political affairs of any country when political actors carefully employ them to pursue power. Buddhism is the major religion on the island o...
THE LAGRANGE EQUILIBRIUM POINTS L 4 AND L 5 IN BLACK HOLE BINARY SYSTEM

We calculate the location and stability of the L 4 and L 5 Lagrange equilibrium points in the circular restricted three-body problem as the binary system evolves via gravitational radiation losses. Relative to the purely Newtonian case, we find that the L 4 equilibrium point moves toward the secondary mass and becomes slightly less stable, while the L 5 point moves away from the secondary and gains in stability. We discuss a number of astrophysical applications of these results, in particular as a mechanism for producing electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave signals.
Representation and simulation of stochastic petrinet models using xPNML

The paper presents an extensible Petri Net Markup Language (xPNML), which is an extended version of PNML. The xPNML format overcomes limitations associated with PNML structure for simulation and analysis of stochastic Petri nets. In addition, the proposed format supports modular concepts for creating specific models (for example, a module for machine operation including working, failed and repair states). These modules can be used as templates and exchanged among different net models. The paper provides the ontology of xPNML model and overview of its JAVA based implementation for simulation and analysis of stochastic Petri nets.
Measurement of voltage flicker magnitude and frequency using a Kalman filtering based approach

Voltage flicker is the fluctuation of the magnitude of the voltage at a load bus. This fluctuation includes deterministic and random variations. The characteristic of the instantaneous voltage flicker depends on the size and type of the load that is producing the voltage flicker. Arc furnace operation has generally been recognized as a major source of voltage flicker. Arc furnaces are used to melt and refine steel and other materials. This paper proposes a method to measure the low frequency modulation of the 60/50 Hz signal using a Kalman filtering approach. The method allows for random and deterministic variation of the modulation. The outputs of this method are the voltage flicker magnitude and frequency. These parameters become then the basis for controlling the voltage flicker to an acceptable limit. Details of the model and the results of the approach for typical cases are presented. The approach utilizes a combination of linear and extended Kalman filter models.
Electrode kinetics at open circuit at the streaming mercury electrode: I. Theory

Abstract A general equation is derived for the potential, at open circuit, of an electrode of varying area at which, a charge transfer process occurs. Application is made to the streaming mercury electrode for which there is continuous renewal of the double layer. The steady-state overvoltage is derived for mixed control by charge transfer and mass transfer for any value of the overvoltage. Simplified equations are given for small overvoltages(
Quantum Creation of Universes

A cosmological wave function describing the tunneling of the Universe from "nothing" into a de Sitter space is found in a simple minisuperspace model. The tunneling probability is proportional to $\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensuremath{-}3}{8{G}^{2}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}})$, where ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}$ is the vacuum energy density at an extremum of the effective potential $V(\ensuremath{\varphi})$. The tunneling is most probable to the highest maximum of $V(\ensuremath{\varphi})$.
High-pressure sorption of carbon dioxide in solvent-cast poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) films

Carbon dioxide sorption isotherms in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) are reported for pressures up to 20 atm. Temperatures between 35 and 80°C were studied for PMMA and temperatures between 30 and 55°C were studied for PEMA. Typical dual mode sorption isotherms concave to the pressure axis were observed in all cases. The measured Langmuir sorption capacities of both polymers extrapolated to zero at the glass transition (Tg) consistent with the behavior of other glassy polymer/gas systems. Sorption enthalpies for CO2 in the Henry's law mode for PMMA and PEMA are in the same range (−2 to −4 kcal/mole) as has been reported for a variety of other glassy polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate, and polyacrylonitrile. Some of the data suggest that postcasting treatment of the PEMA films left a small amount of residual solvent in the film. the presence of the trace residual solvent during quenching from the rubbery to the glassy state after annealing appears to cause a dilation of the Langmuir capacity and an alteration in the apparent Langmuir affinity constant of the PEMA film. These results suggest the possibility of tailoring physical properties of glassy polymers such as sorptivity, permeability, impact strength, and craze resistance by doping small amounts of selected residuals into polymers prior to quenching to the glassy state from the rubbery state.
Examining the sensitivity of MM5-CMAQ predictions to explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions, Part III—The impact of horizontal grid resolution

Abstract Examination of model sensitivity to horizontal grid resolutions can help identify optimal compromise in accuracy and computational efficiency for regulatory and research-grade applications of 3-D atmospheric models. In this Part III paper, the performance and sensitivity of simulated precipitation and wet deposition amounts by the MM5/CMAQ model to three horizontal grid resolutions (4-, 12-, and 36-km) are evaluated over North Carolina (NC). In contrast with simulated O3, PM2.5, and some PM2.5 species such as NH4+, simulated precipitation and wet deposition amounts are quite sensitive to grid resolutions. Compared with results at coarser resolutions, simulated precipitation amounts are lower in both August and December at 4-km, with the largest sensitivities to grid resolutions occurring in mountain and coastal regions of NC. For wet deposition predictions, the model performs the best for NO3− at 4-km and for NH4+ and SO42− at 12-km in August, but the best for NH4+ and NO3− at 36-km and for SO42− at 4-km in December. Such sensitivities and lack of clear trends in model performance at various resolutions can be attributed to seasonalities in meteorology and differences in characteristics of land use, emissions and concentrations of PM precursors, as well as nonlinear responses of chemistry and meteorology to grid resolutions. The overall performance trends demonstrate a high sensitivity in precipitation and wet deposition predictions over complex terrain and the fact that higher grid resolution does not always lead to improved model performance.
Semi-Supervised Learning for Natural Language Processing

The amount of unlabeled linguistic data available to us is much larger and growing much faster than the amount of labeled data. Semi-supervised learning algorithms combine unlabeled data with a small labeled training set to train better models. This tutorial emphasizes practical applications of semisupervised learning; we treat semi-supervised learning methods as tools for building effective models from limited training data. An attendee will leave our tutorial with 1. A basic knowledge of the most common classes of semi-supervised learning algorithms and where they have been used in NLP before. 2. The ability to decide which class will be useful in her research. 3. Suggestions against potential pitfalls in semisupervised learning.
Effect of hypotensive epidural anaesthesia on acetabular cement-bone fixation in total hip arthroplasty

We selected 20 matched pairs of patients who had had total hip arthroplasty by the same surgeon using the same cemented technique. Matching was by age, sex, height, weight and diagnosis. One of each pair had received hypotensive epidural anaesthesia, with less than 300 ml blood loss: the other had normotensive general anaesthesia with more than 500 ml of blood loss. Early postoperative radiographs were evaluated independently by three blinded observers, using a scoring criteria which assessed the quality of the cement-bone interface. The results showed that patients who had received epidural anaesthesia had significantly better radiographic scores (p less than 0.02). Our findings suggest that hypotensive anaesthesia facilitates penetration of cement into bone.
A Hybrid Model for Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery in Blood Flow

Nanoparticle targeted delivery in vascular system involves the interplay of transport, hydrodynamic force, and multivalent interactions with targeted biosurfaces. Current theoretical studies in nanoparticle therapeutic delivery are limited to nanoparticle suspensions in a Newtonian fluid without blood cells [1–3]. However, blood is a complex biological fluid made of components such as red blood cells (RBC), monocytes, platelets, proteins, etc. The existence of blood cells in the core region of blood streams might change the nanoparticle dispersion and binding through cell-nanoparticle interaction. It is thus important to understand how blood cells influence nanoparticles motion and binding.© 2010 ASME
Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemical Vapor Deposition of the SiO_2/S Composite Coatings

The SiO2/S composite coatings were coated by chemical vapor deposition on 25Cr35Ni alloy substrate using methyl disulfide(DMDS) and orthosilicotetraacetate(TEOS) as reactants.Thermodynamic calculation and analysis of the formation reaction of SiO2 and S and the chemical reactions among the reaction products were done by thermodynamic potential function,and the ratio of CVD source materials chosen was discussed.As shown by the experimental results,chemical vapor deposition of the SiO2/S composite coating with preheating temperature of 773 K and deposition temperature of 1 023 K under normal atmospheric pressure was feasible.
A Conceptual Model of the Work-Family Interface

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with several theoretical approaches to formulate and articulate a conceptual model of the work–family interface. These approaches suggest that aspects of each domain occur at multiple ecological levels. The ecological model of human development focuses on four ecological levels, each nested within the next according to their immediacy to the developing person. The most immediate level, the microsystem, consists of a pattern of activities, roles, and interpersonal relations experienced by a person in a network of face-to-face relationships, which occur in settings such as the workplace, the family, and the community. These frameworks are useful for understanding various aspects of the interface. They include ecological systems theory, individual and occupational stress theories, resilience theory, and work–family border theory. It presents the general conceptual model, which is derived from ecological systems theory. The following sections elaborate upon specific linkages presented in the model and discuss their theoretical grounding in theories of stress, resilience, and borders. Demands are structural or psychological claims associated with role requirements, expectations, and norms to which individuals must respond or adapt by exerting physical or mental effort. Resources are structural or psychological assets that may be used to facilitate performance, reduce demands, or generate additional resources. Work, family, and community demands and resources are derived from a range of work, family, and community characteristics.
Functional diversity of non-lethal effects, chemical camouflage, and variation in fish avoidance in colonizing beetles.

Predators play an extremely important role in natural communities. In freshwater systems, fish can dominate sorting both at the colonization and post-colonization stage. Specifically, for many colonizing species, fish can have non-lethal, direct effects that exceed the lethal direct effects of predation. Functionally diverse fish species with a range of predatory capabilities have previously been observed to elicit functionally equivalent responses on oviposition in tree frogs. We tested this hypothesis of functional equivalence of non-lethal effects for four predatory fish species, using naturally colonizing populations of aquatic beetles. Among taxa other than mosquitoes, and with the exception of the chemically camouflaged pirate perch, Aphredoderus sayanus, we provide the first evidence of variation in colonization or oviposition responses to different fish species. Focusing on total abundance, Fundulus chrysotus, a gape-limited, surface-feeding fish, elicited unique responses among colonizing Hydrophilidae, with the exception of the smallest and most abundant taxa, Paracymus, while Dytiscidae responded similarly to all avoided fish. Neither family responded to A. sayanus. Analysis of species richness and multivariate characterization of the beetle assemblages for the four fish species and controls revealed additional variation among the three avoided species and confirmed that chemical camouflage in A. sayanus results in assemblages essentially identical to fishless controls. The origin of this variation in beetle responses to different fish is unknown, but may involve variation in cue sensitivity, different behavioral algorithms, or differential responses to species-specific fish cues. The identity of fish species occupying aquatic habitats is crucial to understanding community structure, as varying strengths of lethal and non-lethal effects, as well as their interaction, create complex landscapes of predator effects and challenge the notion of functional equivalence.
Hydrodynamic thermal confinement: creating thermo-chemical microenvironments on surfaces

We present a new, general concept termed Hydrodynamic Thermal Confinement (HTC), and its implementation for the creation of microscale dynamic thermo-chemical microenvironments on biological surfaces. HTC is based on a scanning probe and operates under physiological conditions. The temperature can be regulated between 30° and 80 °C with ±0.2 °C precision and temperature ramps of 5 °C s−1 over a footprint of ∼50 μm × 80 μm in a volume of ∼50 × 80 × 15 μm3 (∼50 pl).
Violence in Social Settings

The vast majority of school systems and government agencies (including the FBI, emergency response services, and the United Nations) employ some type of critical incident stress debriefing after a traumatic event occurs. And, due to increases in work related and school related violence, the need for such rapid responses to trauma appears great. However, despite the widespread use of such protocols, the scientific community can offer only limited empirical support for their use.
Interrupts and Exceptions Processing

This chapter covers interrupts and exceptions processing. It describes the operating modes of ARM processors, exception types and exception vectors. It explains the functions of interrupt controllers and the principles of interrupts processing in detail. Then it applies the principles of interrupts processing to the design and implementation of interrupt-driven device drivers. These include drivers for timers, keyboard, UARTs and SD cards, and it demonstrates the device drivers by example programs. It explains the advantages of vectored interrupts over non-vectored interrupts. It shows how to configure the Vector Interrupt Controllers (VICs) for vectored interrupts, and demonstrates vectored interrupts processing by example programs. It also explains the principles and importance of nested interrupts and demonstrates nested interrupts processing by example programs.
Abstract 282: Phospholamban Truncation Mutations Including Heart Failure Mutant L39stop Disrupt Membrane Localization.

Introduction: Phospholamban (PLB) is an integral sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane protein, which directly regulates cardiac Ca 2+ handling and contractility by reversibly inhibiting SR Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA). Our previous studies have suggested that the naturally occurring human heart failure mutation of PLB, L39X disrupts membrane localization. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the membrane localization of PLB is a prerequisite for PLB oligomerization and interaction with SERCA. The truncation mutations in C-terminus of PLB will disrupt membrane localization, PLB oligomerization, and SERCA regulation. Results and Methods: To identify the minimum length of PLB required for membrane localization and function, we generated a series of C-terminal transmembrane truncation mutants of PLB (tagged N-terminally with Cer or YFP) including L51X, M50X, V49X, I48X, I38X, I33X, and the heart-failure mutant L39X. Confocal microscopy revealed that progressive truncation of the C-terminal residues of PLB resulted in escalating increase in mislocalization of PLB to the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, we observed an increased solubilization of PLB as indicated by loss of YFP fluorescence after selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane by saponin. As expected, there was no change in localization of Cer-SERCA upon saponin permeabilization. Next, western blot analysis exhibited a decrease in molecular weight corresponding to the relative sizes of truncation mutants compared to full length PLB, indicating that protein degradation is not the cause of membrane mislocalization. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that truncating the C-terminal residues of PLB results in a progressive decrease in apparent affinity of PLB oligomerization and interaction with SERCA. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations exhibited that the heart failure mutant L39X was unstable compared to full length PLB pentamer and started protruding out of the bilayer until complete solubilization. Conclusions: Truncating only two C-terminal residues of PLB resulted in significant mislocalization, while deleting five or more residues profoundly disrupted membrane localization, PLB oligomerization and SERCA regulation.
Sociological Understandings of Social Movements: A North American Perspective

This review traces how sociologists study movement emergence and participation. Proceeding in a roughly chronological fashion, we begin by reviewing the “structural” approaches to the study of social movements, and specifically discuss resource mobilization theory and political process theory. Then, after outlining the critiques of structural approaches, we consider the “cultural turn” in the study of social movements. We focus on three avenues of inquiry that animate the cultural approach—research on framing and frames, emotion, and collective identity. Before concluding the chapter with a brief assessment of the contributions of sociologists to the study of social movements, we turn our attention to new directions in social movement research. Here, we discuss two areas of research which have attracted a lot of attention over the last decade—the movement-media relationship and social movement strategy—and highlight the contributions of European scholars to sociological understandings of social movements.
Contact Drying of Printed Sinterable-Silver Paste

Drying of stencil-, screen-, or dispense-printed paste is a crucial, yet taken-for-granted, presintering step for sinterable-silver (SS) interconnect processing and ultimately its reliability. If the paste’s solvent is not sufficiently removed during drying, then entrapped gas can result, and that leads to the formation of thermal-, strength-, and reliability-limiting defects in the later-sintered interconnect layer. Presently advocated drying strategies for wet silver paste cause either a limit of associated size or area or require pressure assistance during subsequent sintering. Alternatively, open-face contact drying (OContDry) from contact heating or conductive heating (a method used in industrial processes) offers the potential to overcome those limitations with SS paste. However, satisfactory strength of its final sintered structure must be proven prior to any potential adoption. In this paper, the achievement of a combination of relatively large shear failure stress with low scatter for OContDry SS was demonstrated. This is significant because OContDry enables greater processing versatility with SS interconnects and several other advantages too.
Multimedia Field Test: Digitalizing Better Sleep Using the Sleepio Program

Abstract The promise of online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and other sleep-related problems as an alternative to traditional face-to-face treatment rests upon the accessibility, ease-of-use, and effectiveness of these approaches. Here we provide a review of Sleepio, a digitalized, state-of-the-art CBT-I program for adults, informed by our personal experience with the program, available research, and information provided at the Sleepio website. The 6-week treatment program can be completed flexibly via web-based or mobile platform. Initial assessment of individual goals and baseline sleep patterns is used to build a personalized account comprised of four sections: Sleep Diary, Case File, Library, and Community. Sleepio uses evidence-based principles and practices, engaging content, and an easy-to-follow format. Unique features of the program including synchronization with compatible sleep tracking devices, multiple built-in user supports, and a 14-day money-back guarantee. Both statistical and clinically meaningful sleep improvements have been found in a large randomized controlled trial. Overall, Sleepio represents a model program for online CBT-I delivery.