cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not All Feed-Forward MUX PUFs Generate Unique Signatures

A fundamental property of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) is that they generate unique outputs that cannot be reproduced by another chip, even with an identical circuit and layout design. Several configurations of feed-forward PUFs (FF PUFs) are evaluated in terms of their interchip variation, a measure of uniqueness. In general, PUFs are considered to be unique due to symmetry in their path delay distributions, which are typically Gaussian. In this paper, we prove that certain FF PUFs can result in skewed path delay distributions leading to poor uniqueness. In these PUFs, the total delay difference is sum of a symmetric Gaussian distribution and an asymmetric half-Gaussian distribution. We also compute empirical estimates and verify our observations by simulating 200 PUFs in each FF configuration. It is observed that (1) FF PUFs with one intermediate arbiter and odd number of feed-forward loops and (2) FF PUFs in cascade or separate configurations have degraded interchip variation. This is the first study to observe and prove the non-uniqueness property of such PUFs.
Toward a unified dilution effect theory: How competence, competition, and the transmission mechanism influence disease-diversity relationships

Biodiversity in communities is changing globally, including the gain and loss of host species in host-pathogen communities. The dilution effect argues for a mechanistic link between increased host diversity and decreased disease in a focal host. However, we currently have a limited understanding of how the pathogen transmission mechanism and between-host interactions influence whether increased host diversity leads to increased (amplification) or decreased (dilution) infection prevalence. We use a two-host-one-pathogen model to unify dilution effect theory for pathogens with environmental transmission and density-dependent and frequency-dependent direct transmission. We use the unified framework to identify how the pathogen transmission mechanism and characteristics of an introduced host (disease competence and competitive ability) influence infection prevalence in a focal host and under what conditions amplification or dilution is promoted. Our approach identifies general rules governing how specific biological mechanisms shape host biodiversity-disease patterns.
Human-robot teaming with human intent prediction and shared control

This paper describes a set of shared control technical tools for intelligent teaming of a human operator and a robotic manipulator, and provides experimental evaluation of those tools. These technical tools can provide the human operator with an intuitive operational interface to command a multiple degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator via a general-purpose game controller and provide intelligent assistance to the human operator with human intent prediction and shared control. Two cameras with vision-feedback mounted on the robot end-effector are utilized to capture visual information and identify the location of the target object through which potential automatic control input for making adjustment to the robot motion is generated. A method to predict operator’s intent by comparing human input and automatic control input is introduced and employed to generate a probability with which the two inputs are dynamically combined to command the robot through human-machine shared control. An experimental platform consisting of a six degree-of-freedom industrial robot with a gripper and cameras is employed; results are provided with a human operator commanding the robot manipulator to execute an object inspection and handling task with the assistance of the proposed intelligent teaming algorithm.
Changes in functional connectivity after theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder: a machine-learning study

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a novel treatment approach for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent neuroimaging work indicates that functional connectivity profiles may be able to identify those most likely to respond. However, prior work has relied on functional magnetic resonance imaging, which is expensive and difficult to scale. Alternatively, electroencephalography (EEG) represents a different approach that may be easier to implement in clinical practice. To this end, we acquired an 8-channel resting-state EEG signal on participants before (n = 47) and after (n = 43) randomized controlled trial of iTBS for PTSD (ten sessions, delivered at 80% of motor threshold, 1,800 pulses, to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). We used a cross-validated support vector machine (SVM) to track changes in EEG functional connectivity after verum iTBS stimulation. We found that an SVM classifier was able to successfully separate patients who received active treatment vs. sham treatment, with statistically significant findings in the Delta band (1–4 Hz, p = 0.002). Using Delta coherence, the classifier was 75.0% accurate in detecting sham vs. active iTBS, and observed changes represented an increase in functional connectivity between midline central/occipital and a decrease between frontal and central regions. The primary limitations of this work are the sparse electrode system and a modest sample size. Our findings raise the possibility that EEG and machine learning may be combined to provide a window into mechanisms of action of TMS, with the potential that these approaches can inform the development of individualized treatment methods.
63. USE OF A NOVEL TOOL TO COMPARE FEEDBACK CULTURE IN A PEDIATRIC RESIDENCY AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS.

Introduction Effective feedback is essential for trainees to achieve clinical competence. An unsupportive institutional feedback culture can diminish the credibility and subsequent uptake of feedback. Data on feedback culture in pediatric training programs is limited. We, therefore, used a validated feedback environment survey (FES) tool to assess and compare the cultures in our pediatric residency and fellowship programs. Methods Pediatric fellows and residents at Yale New Haven Hospital were invited to anonymously complete the FES using Qualtrics. The FES has a 7-point Likert scale response format, measures various aspects of the feedback environment, and has demonstrated good reliability, internal structure and relationship to other variables validity in an industrial setting. Fellow and resident ratings were compared using two-sided Fisher's exact test. Results Fifty-two (65%) residents and 21 (47%) fellows completed the survey. Most trainees reported that they respect their attendings’ opinion (76.7%), feel that they are fair (67.1%) and have confidence in their feedback (64.3%). However, the majority felt that the feedback they received was not useful (60.2%) and that attendings did not encourage them to ask for feedback (67.1%). When compared to fellows, more residents felt that attendings were unfamiliar with their performance (61.5% vs. 14.3%, p Conclusions We have demonstrated deficiencies in the feedback culture of our pediatric residency and fellowship programs, which are more pronounced in the residency program. Identification of the factors contributing to the difference is important and will inform targeted interventions.
Multi-axis tool path optimization and deposition modeling for cold spray additive manufacturing

Abstract In this study, a 3D deposition model is developed for cold spray additive manufacturing that utilizes sequential layers and a Gaussian-shaped deposition profile. The model is designed to be computationally efficient to compute for changes to the tool-path velocity. A gradient-descent-based tool path optimization algorithm is proposed to enable manufacture of arbitrary convex deposit shapes. The algorithm works by correcting the tool-path velocity to compensate for local thickness deviations due to part geometry. The combined model and optimization algorithm take STL files of the initial tool surface and targeted deposit surface as input and generate robotic g-code of the optimized tool path for a 6-axis robotic arm as output. The model is calibrated by experiments that include line sprays and particle velocimetry measurements. The path optimization scheme is evaluated by experimental test coupons in which a thick cold spray deposit is applied to a convex surface with a 0.5 mm radius of curvature.
Bayesian Identification of Hamiltonian Dynamics from Symplectic Data

We propose a Bayesian probabilistic formulation for system identification of Hamiltonian systems. This approach uses an approximate marginal Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to directly discover a system Hamiltonian from data. Our approach improves upon existing methods in two ways: first we encode the fact that the data generating process is symplectic directly into our learning objective, and second we utilize a learning objective that simultaneously accounts for unknown parameters, model form, and measurement noise. This objective is the log marginal posterior of a probabilistic model that embeds a symplectic and reversible integrator within an uncertain dynamical system. We demonstrate that the resulting learning problem yields dynamical systems that have improved accuracy and reduced predictive uncertainty compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches. Simulation results are shown on the Henon-Heiles Hamiltonian system.
Systematic review of sacroiliac joint motion and the effect of screw fixation.

Abstract Background: Pelvic injuries that disrupt the sacroiliac joints often require surgical intervention to restore stability. Quantitative characterization of sacroiliac motion in response to physiologic loading provides important metrics of adequate fixation in the evaluation of newly emerged fixation techniques. The objective of this study was to systematically review and evaluate biomechanical evidence on the motion of the sacroiliac joint in its normal, destabilized, and stabilized states. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for studies available until June 2020 using keywords: sacroiliac, biomechanic*, and fixation. Publications of any in vivo or in vitro biomechanical study that included measurements of the range of motion at the sacroiliac joint were considered. Findings: We identified and screened 176 total records, and 13 articles of them met inclusion criteria and were used in this review. The average sacroiliac joint range of motion of the intact pelvis was 1.88° in flexion/extension, 0.85° in lateral bending, 1.26° in axial rotation. Of the 13 studies, four reported sacroiliac motion from a destabilized state, while seven reported the motion after stabilization. A forest plot of the stabilized data set in flexion/extension showed that while the heterogeneity was poor, the weighted effect size of the changes from the intact state to the stabilized state was 0.0%. Interpretation: Quantitative evidence on sacroiliac joint motion relating to pelvic injuries or fixation is limited. Our results indicate that the pooled intact range of motion from the literature may serve as a viable reference to quantify the effectiveness of new stabilization techniques. Level of evidence: Level V, systematic review. Study type: Therapeutic- investigating the results of a treatment.
Can Immunocompetence Be Restored in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Reversing or preventing immunodeficiency in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is of the highest priority. The past decade of research has met the challenge of treating CLL for most patients. Patients continue to struggle, however, with infections and second primary malignancies related to immunodeficiency. Strategies addressing this need currently are limited to vaccinations, with suboptimal efficacy, and immunoglobulin replacement. Correlative studies have provided insights into immunologic alterations on treatment. Understanding vulnerabilities in the immune system may help identify potential interventions to boost immunity. An emphasis on systematically testing such interventions is required to restore immunocompetence in patients with CLL.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act: is it really all that bad?

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was developed in 1996 and became part of the Social Security Act. The primary purpose of the HIPAA rules is to protect health care coverage for individuals who lose or change their jobs. However, HIPAA also includes Title II, better known as the Administrative Simplification Act. Title II requires the health care industry to become more efficient by encouraging the use of electronic media for transmission of certain patient administrative data. To make the public feel more secure with electronic transmission of data, the government developed privacy and security rules to complement the transaction rules. HIPAA rules on electronic transactions, code sets, and privacy have been finalized; dates of finalization vary depending on the individual rules. While details of the rules may be modified, their essence and breadth will live indefinitely. It took Congress numerous attempts over a decade to get these regulations in place. Congress is not going to back down now. The country is still waiting on the final HIPAA rules related to national identifiers and security.
Cooperation and Competition with Partner Companies: Practices for Quality Control through Competition among Teams

We have been cooperating with remote partner companies and managing software quality with a cross-company team organization, competitions among sub-teams, postmortem analysis, and an experience repository. The practices have built good relationships with partner companies, motivated the engineers, and established a quality control process for developing highly reliable software. No more than two field defects for any product have been reported for the last 24 months. This paper describes how our practices improved our processes and the quality of the products.
“Anything That Gets Me in My Heart”: Pat Parker's Poetry of Justice

This article argues that love and justice are interlocking themes that undergird and motivate the poetry and activism of the Black lesbian feminist Pat Parker. Parker was a prolific working-class poet, a committed Black lesbian feminist, and an international trailblazer whose poems, like her famous “Womanslaughter” discussed in this article, document the many injustices that Black women endured in an anti-Black, rabidly homophobic, and patriarchal U.S. during the last decades of the twentieth century. In a political moment where righteous cries of #BlackLivesMatter are heard across the United States I use this article to remind us all of the historical importance that Black lesbians played and continue to play in the struggles of anti-racist justice in America.
A NEW THEORY ON THE MECHANISM OF CELL DIVISION1

This chapter presents a new theory on the mechanism of cell division. A new concept on the mechanism of cell division is developed from in vivo and in vitro studies on mouse-ear and bodyskin epidermis. An autoradiographic analysis of the initiation of mitosis and of DNA synthesis in vivo reveals the existence of two separate epidermal cell populations that differ in their behavior during the cell-division cycle. There is a G 1 epidermal cell population that has a normal, relatively short G 2 period of only a few hours and goes through the cell cycle (G 1 — > S — > G 2 — > M) in the usual manner. Mitosis is initiated in these cells from the G 1 period of the cycle resulting first in the stimulation of DNA synthesis and then in their movement into mitosis. Then there is a G 2 population of epidermal cells that do not automatically pass through the cell cycle but remain in the G 2 period for as long as 2 days. A second distinguishing feature of the G 2 population is that mitosis is initiated in these cells from the G 2 period of the cell cycle.
Serotonergic dysfunction in depression

Various irregularities in serotonin (5-HT) function have been postulated as causes of affective disorders. Serotonin has been related to many of the major symptoms of depression, e.g. mood, appetite, sleep, activity, and cognitive dysfunction. Interference with 5-HT synthesis or storage has been shown to induce depression in vulnerable individuals. Decreased levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid, decreased plasma tryptophan, low tryptophan neutral amino acid ratio, abnormalities in serotonergic function indicated by neuroendocrine challenge tests and various platelet measures, have been reported in depressed patients. Concentrations of 5-HIAA, the major metabolite of 5-HT in plasma, were found to be significantly negatively correlated with severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score and specific depressive symptoms, despite the fact that plasma 5-HIAA is largely peripheral in origin. Blood platelets, which have been suggested as models for serotonergic nerve terminals, have a significantly decreased number of 5-HT uptake sites and 3H-imipramine binding sites in depressed patients. Antidepressant drugs may act, in part, by enhancing serotonergic activity. The serotonergic deficit may occur at any of several levels: diminished availability of precursor, impaired activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, abnormalities in 5-HT release or uptake, 5-HT receptor abnormalities or interactions with other neurotransmitters.
Mapping function and structure for an anticipatory system: what impact will it have and is it computationally feasible, today?

The development of complex biological behaviors, such as anticipation, in a machine requires more than having a reduced instruction set and a fast computer, a thought contrary to that shared by many researchers today. What is needed are new perspectives and insights into what complex biological forms are and what attributes are shared and/or differentiated by them. Only then will we really understand the cognitive process that elicits 'intelligence and consciousness' and how it may be invoked, at some level, in machines. This will require moving away from the Newtonian concept of reductionism and time as an index, towards new concepts that invoke time as an arrow that breaks the symmetry evident in classical mechanics. This paper provides an overview of the current thinking on anticipatory systems and what impacts they could have in and on our society. It identifies concerns that would be generated by the employment of such systems and formalizes a construct by which an anticipatory system model could be developed using today's technology.
Spectrophotometric differences between aminoheterocyclic bases and their salts

Bei der Salzbildung offener oder zyklischer Schiffscher Basen, eingeschlossen aromatische Heterozyklen, wie Pyridin, Chinolin, Benzoxazin, Indolenin usw., konnen die im UV.- und UR.-Spektrum auftretenden bathooder hypsochromen Verschiebungen sowie das Auftreten oder Ausbleiben der fur das Kation $$ > C = \mathop N\limits^ \oplus H - $$ charackteristischen «Immonium-Banden» bei 4,5–5,5 µ zur Erkennung der Natur und der Position von Aminosubstituenten benutzt werden.
Exercise and behavioural management training improves physical health and reduces depression in people with Alzheimer's disease ☆

Abstract Question Does an exercise programme for people with Alzheimer's disease, plus behavioural management for their caregivers reduce functional dependence compared to routine care? Study design Randomised controlled trial. Main results At 3 months follow-up, percentage of participants exercising ≥60 min per week increased in the exercise group compared with routine care (82% vs. 62%, p =0.01). Exercise improved levels of physical functioning (SF-36 score, p p =0.02) compared with people in routine care (whose levels worsened). At 24 months, longitudinal analyses of all follow-up data revealed improvements in exercise group physical functioning (SF-36, p p =0.02) but not depression (CSDD, p =0.10), compared with routine care. Authors’ conclusions Provision of an integrated programme of exercise and behavioural management training in the home improved the physical health of people with Alzheimer's disease, and reduced depression in the shorter term.
Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) as a nondestructive subsurface damage assessment tool

An easy to use, nondestructive method for evaluating subsurface damage in polished substrates has been established at LLNL. Subsurface damage has been related to laser damage in coated optical components used in high power, high repetition rate laser systems. Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRM) has been shown to be a viable nondestructive technique in analyzing subsurface damage in optical components. A successful TIRM system has been established for evaluating subsurface damage on fused silica components. Laser light scattering from subsurface damage sites is collected through a Nomarski microscope. These images are then captured by a CCD camera for analysis on a computer. A variety of optics, including components with intentional subsurface damage due to grinding and polishing, have been analyzed and their TIRM images compared to an existing destructive etching method. Methods for quantitative measurement of subsurface damage are also discussed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Reasoning Abilities of Normal and Learning Disabled Readers on Measures of Reading Comprehension

Standardized measures were used to identify and compare the reasoning abilities of normal and learning disabled readers. The study employed techniques modeled from protocol-analysis methods used in problem-solving research. Obtained protocols indicated that reasoning abilities could be operationally defined as identifiable sequences representing reasoning strategies. Group comparisons revealed significant differences in the magnitude and variety of reasoning strategies used. The responses of normal readers revealed more applications and successes with the most often used efficient strategies overall and for individual question types. Learning disabled readers revealed greater variability in reasoning-strategy use and more often applied either no strategy or less efficient strategies resulting in more incorrect responses. Further analysis revealed that learning disabled readers' failures were associated with a greater number of word recognition and vocabulary errors suggesting that learning disabled reader...
Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria

A wide range of epidemiologic and laboratory studies combined provide compelling evidence of a protective role of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer. This review evaluates the scientific evidence for such a role in the context of the A.B. Hill criteria for causality, in order to assess the presence of a causal, inverse relationship, between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk. After evaluation of this evidence in the context of Hill’s criteria, it was found that the criteria for a causal relationship were largely satisfied. Studies in human populations and the laboratory have consistently demonstrated that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of breast cancer. Vitamin D supplementation is an urgently needed, low cost, effective, and safe intervention strategy for breast cancer prevention that should be implemented without delay. In the meantime, randomized controlled trials of high doses of vitamin D3 for prevention of breast cancer should be undertaken to provide the necessary evidence to guide national health policy.
Full-Text Databases: A Case Study Revisited a Decade Later

In 1999 librarians at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs evaluated the feasibility of canceling print subscriptions for journals available in full-text aggregators. Finding deficiencies in currency, coverage, graphics, and stability of online journals, they recommended caution in using titles available in aggregators as replacements for journal subscriptions. Today print subscriptions are giving way to online subscriptions through a variety of subscription models. Nevertheless, full-text aggregators remain vital content providers. Using the journals featured in the 1999 study as a lens, this study investigates how the world of full-text content has changed over the past decade.
Disaggregate route choice models based on driver learning patterns and network experience

Since their emergence, route choice models have been continuously evolving; particularly because of their wide application and consequent influence in the transportation engineering arena. Although early versions of route choice models were based on theories of rational behavior and neglected limitations of human cognition, later closer observance of human behavior resulted in better modeling frameworks such as Bounded Rationality and Prospect Theory. Nonetheless, recent developments in Intelligent Transportation Systems have increased the demand for more exploration, modeling and validation of behavioral route choice models. This work presents statistical models of route switching based on a real-time driving simulator study of 50 drivers. The research presented in this paper demonstrates that (a) different driver learning patterns have significant route choice effects, (b) driver route choice behavior significantly changes with driver network experience, and (c) disaggregate route choice models based on either driver learning patterns or network experience outperform aggregate route choice models.
Practice retrieving source enhances young children's discrimination of live and story events☆

The effect of practice retrieving source on children's discrimination of live and story events was examined. Three- to 4- and 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 93) saw an event performed live and heard about a similar event from a story. Prior to a source-monitoring test, they received either source-monitoring practice or control practice. Source practice enhanced the accuracy of both age groups' live and story source attributions. When the supportiveness of the control condition was enhanced in Experiment 2, no difference in the source monitoring of 5- to 6-year-olds in the source and control practice groups was found. Source practice continued to enhance the 3- to 4-year-olds' source monitoring. The implications of the findings for eyewitness interviews are discussed.
Usury ceilings and bank lending behavior: Evidence from nineteenth century New York

Abstract Few pieces of economic regulation are ubiquitous as usury limits. Similarly, few economic principles are as widely accepted as the belief that interference with freely contracted prices leads to market distortions, and many studies of financial markets find that usury limits negatively affect credit availability. This study shows that when no regulatory authority monitors and stands ready to punish violators of the usury limit when intermediaries and borrowers form long-term relationships, banks and borrowers regularly contract for interest rates in excess of the usury ceiling. Time-series analysis reveals limited effects on credit availability when market rates exceed the usury ceiling. Cross-sectional analysis of individual loan contracts also shows that the positive effect of a long-term relationship offsets the negative effect of the usury limit on credit availability.
The Effect of Image Features on the Activation of Archetypes

Viewers (N = 312) were randomly assigned to rate one of three sets of 10 symbolic images (M = 30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis reduced 57 evaluative items down to eight archetypes,...
Specific effects of sedative/hypnotic drugs in the treatment of incapacitating chronic insomnia

Sedative/hypnotic drugs for the treatment of chronic insomnia are generally considered ineffective by most experts but helpful by many patients. Occasionally, insomnia-induced debilitations may be remedied by long-term use of sedative/hypnotic drugs; some examples are given. The present discrepancy between expert and patient opinion may be derived from current research practices. The improbability that series of sedative/hypnotic drug trials will be carried out for patients with insomnia further biases against observation of rarer but clinically significant distinctions among these drugs.
A computer evaluation of the ratio of the diastolic pressure-time index to the time-tension index from three arterial sites in dogs.

The ratio of the area under the diastolic portion of the arterial pulse pressure trace (diastolic pressure-time index; DPTI) to the area under the systolic component of the arterial pulse pressure trace (time-tension index; TTI) has been used to predict the relationship of myocardial blood supply to oxygen demand. Since introduction of the DPTI-to-TTI ratio as a measurement of this relationship, the accepted critical DPTI: TTI value below which subendocardial ischemia may occur has decreased by almost 50%. This lower critical value has come about as more clinical experience has been gained, particularly in patients with an arterial catheter in the arm. To investigate a potential cause for this decrease, we studied a canine model by pulse transduction from the central aorta (the site traditionally used for these ratio determinations), as well as the femoral artery and the median forepaw artery. Following inotropic and ventricular loading interventions, the changes in the DPTI:TTI, calculated by a special-purpose computer, were exaggerated by approximately 25% in the peripheral arterial measurements. The peripheral arterial sites had consistently higher systolic waveforms and consistently lower, broader diastolic waveforms than those for the central aortic site. This type of configurational change is probably a major cause of the differences among ratios from the three sites in our study, and it helps to explain why the value of the critical ratio has been a subject of controversy.
Phase I clinical trial of 1-(2-[2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl]-ethyl)-3-(4-carboxy-phenyl) urea (CGP 15720A).

A phase I clinical trial of the intravenous administration of a novel pyridyl imidazoline ethyl carboxy phenyl urea was carried out in 42 patients with advanced solid tumors. Five schedules were evaluated: I, daily x5; II, daily x 10; III, daily x 15; IV, continuous infusion for 5 days; V, continuous infusion for 7 days. Toxicity was not seen in schedule I (maximum dose 3 g/m2/day) and was minimal in schedule IV (6 g/m2/day). In schedule II it was seen at 2 and 3 g/m2/day, in schedule III at 2 g/m2/day and in schedule V at 6 g/m2/day. Dose-limiting toxicity consisted of a syndrome of lethargy and fatigue. There were no definitely drug-related changes in hematologic or serum chemistry parameters. No responses were seen, but relief of pain in three patients with prostate cancer was noted. Pharmacokinetics indicate, a short half-life, limited volume of distribution, and rapid renal clearance. The recommended dose for phase II studies is 3 g/m2/day x 10 or 2 g/m2/day x 15 days.
H - And Li - Enhancement In A Multicusp Source

H- and Li- have many useful applications in accelerator and fusion research. It has been demonstrated that these negative ions can be generated either by surface conversion or by volume processes. Since the H- or Li- ions produced by volume processes have lower transverse energy than those formed by surface conversion processes, the emittance of the H- or Li- beam extracted from volume sources will be much lower. Experimental investigations have been conducted to enhance the H- and Li- yield in the volume multicusp source by optimizing the source geometry and by mixing various elements with the background hydrogen or lithium. The largest improvement is achieved by adding cesium vapor to the source, resulting in a factor of sixteen increase in H- output. Source operation with an admixture of lithium and cesium has also been tested for the production of Li- ions.
Understanding Novel Language.

Abstract In this article we treat in some detail the problem of designing mechanisms that will allow us to deal with two types of novel language: (1) text requiring scheme learning; and (2) the understanding of novel metaphorical use of verbs. Schema learning is addressed by four types of processes: schema composition, secondary effect elevation, schema alteration, and volitionalization. The processing of novel metaphors depends on a decompositional analysis of verbs into “event shape diagrams,” along with a matching process that uses semantic marker-like information, to construct novel meaning structures. The examples we describe have been chosen to be types that occur commonly, so that rules that we need to understand them can also be used to understand a much wider range of novel language.
Effect Of Source Statistics On The Irradiance Scintillations In Turbulence

We have developed a closed-form expression for the intensity variance of a spatially partially coherent source with a finite aperture. For the partially coherent source pair-correlated field statistics and Gaussian-phase statistics are introduced and the results compared. It is found that pair-correlated field statistics for the source are in good agreement with expected results for coherent and incoherent sources, while Gaussian phase statistics give unreasonably high scintillation results for incoherent sources.
Rapid increase of an immediate early gene messenger RNA in hippocampal neurons by synaptic NMDA receptor activation

Recent studies in invertebrates indicate that a rapid genomic response to neuronal stimulation has a critical role in long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Because several of the genes (immediately early genes; IEGs) that respond rapidly to growth factor stimulation of vertebrate cells in vitro are also activated by neuronal stimulation in vivo, attention has focused on the possibility that they play a part in synaptic plasticity in vertebrate nervous systems. Four IEGs thought to encode transcription factors, zif/268 (also termed Egr-1, NGFI-A, Krox 24), c-fos, c-jun, and jun-B are rapidly induced in the brain by seizure activity, and we have now studied the induction of these genes in a well-characterized model of synaptic plasticity in the vertebrate brain--long-term potentiation (LTP) of the perforant pathgranule cell (pp-gc) synapse in vivo. We found that high-frequency (but not low-frequency) stimulation of the pp-gc synapse markedly increases zif/268 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the ipsilateral granule cell neurons; mRNA of c-fos, c-jun and jun-B is less consistently increased. The stimulus frequency and intensity required to increase zif/268 mRNA levels are similar to those required to induce LTP, which is also seen only ipsilaterally, and both responses are blocked by NMDA-receptor antagonists as well as by convergent synaptic inhibitory inputs already known to block LTP. Accordingly, zif/268 mRNA levels and LTP seem to be regulated by similar synaptic mechanisms.
Ordered Expansions in Boson Amplitude Operators

The expansion of operators as ordered power series in the annihilation and creation operators $a$ and ${a}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ is examined. It is found that normally ordered power series exist and converge quite generally, but that for the case of antinormal ordering the required $c$-number coefficients are infinite for important classes of operators. A parametric ordering convention is introduced according to which normal, symmetric, and antinormal ordering correspond to the values $s=+1,0,\ensuremath{-}1$, respectively, of an order parameter $s$. In terms of this convention it is shown that for bounded operators the coefficients are finite when $sg0$, and the series are convergent when $sg\frac{1}{2}$. For each value of the order parameter $s$, a correspondence between operators and $c$-number functions is defined. Each correspondence is one-to-one and has the property that the function $f(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ associated with a given operator $F$ is the one which results when the operators $a$ and ${a}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ occurring in the ordered power series for $F$ are replaced by their complex eigenvalues $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{*}$. The correspondence which is realized for symmetric ordering is the Weyl correspondence. The operators associated by each correspondence with the set of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ functions on the complex plane are discussed in detail. They are shown to furnish, for each ordering, an operator basis for an integral representation for arbitrary operators. The weight functions in these representations are simply the functions that correspond to the operators being expanded. The representation distinguished by antinormal ordering expresses operators as integrals of projection operators upon the coherent states, which is the form taken by the $P$ representation for the particular case of the density operator. The properties of the full set of representations are discussed and are shown to vary markedly with the order parameter $s$.
Clinical impressions on the use of largactil at Shaughnessy Hospital

Largactil has been used in Shaughnessy Hospital in a total of 330 cases. The drug was used intravenously during surgery, and orally and intramuscularly in conjunction with usual premedication. in general the intramuscular route was felt to be the most satisfactory.
Effects of organic amines on α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake into the vacuole and on ethylene production by tomato pericarp slices

Experiments were conducted to test the possibility that organic amines inhibit ethylene production by inhibiting transport of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopro-pane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), into the vacuole. α-Aminoisobutyric acid (αAIB) was used as a model substrate to study ACC uptake into the vacuole in relationship to ethylene production in pericarp slices of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Liberty treated with and without organic amines and related substances. Organic amines (polyamines and other basic amines) inhibited αAIB uptake into the vacuole. These amines also enhanced ACC accumulation in the tissue and reduced the passive efflux of αAIB from the vacuole. Overall, ethylene production was inhibited. The inhibition of αAIB transport and of ethylene production followed a polyvalent cationic progression in the order polyamines > diamines> basic 1-amino acids. Ca2+, but not Mg2+, strongly stimulated αAIB uptake into the vacuole and ethylene production. At equal concentrations, Ca2+ counteracted the inhibitory effects of polyamines on both αAIB uptake and ethylene production. Competitive and irreversible inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis stimulated αAIB uptake into the vacuole and ethylene production. The results indicate an apparent relationship between polyamines, ACC uptake into the vacuole and ethylene production.
Patterns of microRNA Expression in Non-Human Primate Cells Correlate with Neoplastic Development In Vitro

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They play a critical role in developmental and physiological processes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancer. To identify miRNA signatures associated with different stages of neoplastic development, we examined the expression profile of 776 primate miRNAs in VERO cells (a neoplastically transformed cell line being used for the manufacture of viral vaccines), progenitor primary African green monkey kidney (pAGMK) cells, and VERO cell derivatives: spontaneously immortalized, non-tumorigenic, low-passage VERO cells (10-87 LP); tumorigenic, high-passage VERO cells (10-87 HP); and a cell line (10-87 T) derived from a 10-87 HP cell tumor xenograft in athymic nude mice. When compared with pAGMK cells, the majority of miRNAs were expressed at lower levels in 10-87 LP, 10-87 HP, and 10-87 T cells. We identified 10 up-regulated miRNAs whose level of expression correlated with VERO cell evolution from a non-tumorigenic phenotype to a tumorigenic phenotype. The overexpression of miR-376a and the polycistronic cluster of miR-376a, miR-376b and miR-376c conferred phenotypic changes to the non-tumorigenic 10-87 LP cells that mimic the tumorigenic 10-87 HP cells. Thirty percent of miRNAs that were components of the identified miRNAs in our spontaneously transformed AGMK cell model are also dysregulated in a variety of human tumors. These results may prove to be relevant to the biology of neoplastic development. In addition, one or more of these miRNAs could be biomarkers for the expression of a tumorigenic phenotype.
Psychosocial considerations for children and young adolescents with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: an update.

Background: The extension of the life-saving benefits of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to prevent sudden cardiac arrest in children and young adults represents a key clinical development. The psychosocial adjustment in young ICD patients has not been as well-studied as in adults and remains an area of needed research. Methods: The current paper reviews the quantitative research regarding ICD patient psychosocial outcomes in the adult and pediatric literature, and highlights existing intervention research on adult ICD patients and its implications for young ICD patients. Results: Literature review indicates that anxiety may be the most problematic psychosocial reaction for young ICD patients, similar to adult patients. Since young ICD patients appear to be more likely to experience shocks than adults; shock-related anxiety is suspected to be particularly common. Interventions in adults have shown a reduction in anxiety but no pediatric intervention studies are currently available in the literature. Conclusion: Additional research and clinical attention is warranted to further assist young ICD patients to achieve desirable quality of life outcomes.
Thermographic Selection of Effective Catalysts from an Encoded Polymer-Bound Library

A general method is introduced for the rapid and simultaneous evaluation of each member of large encoded catalyst libraries for the ability to catalyze a reaction in solution. The procedure was used to select active catalysts from a library of potential polymer-bound multifunctional catalysts. From ∼7000 beads screened (3150 distinct catalysts), 23 beads were selected for catalysis of an acylation reaction. Kinetic experiments indicate that the most strongly selected beads are also the most efficient catalysts.
Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of Fe complexes containing cyclic diazadiphosphine ligands: the role of the pendant base in heterolytic cleavage of H2.

The iron complexes CpFe(PPh2NBn2)Cl (1-Cl), CpFe(PPh2NPh2)Cl (2-Cl), and CpFe(PPh2C5)Cl (3-Cl)(where PPh2NBn2 is 1,5-dibenzyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphenyl-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, PPh2NPh2 is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, and PPh2C5 is 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-diphosphacycloheptane) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and X-ray diffraction. These chloride derivatives are readily converted to the corresponding hydride complexes [CpFe(PPh2NBn2)H (1-H), CpFe(PPh2NPh2)H (2-H), CpFe(PPh2C5)H (3-H)] and H2 complexes [CpFe(PPh2NBn2)(H2)]BArF4, [1-H2]BArF4, (where BArF4 is B[(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4]−), [CpFe(PPh2NPh2)(H2)]BArF4, [2-H2]BArF4, and [CpFe(PPh2C5)(H2)]BArF4, [3-H2]BArF4, as well as [CpFe(PPh2NBn2)(CO)]BArF4, [1-CO]Cl. Structural studies are reported for [1-H2]BArF4, 1-H, 2-H, and [1-CO]Cl. The conformations adopted by the chelate rings of the PPh2NBn2 ligand in the different complexes are determined by attractive or repulsive interactions betwee...
Dysmenorrhea, the menstrual cycle, and sleep.

This study examined the relationship between dysmenorrhea and insomnia, as well as variability in sleep across the menstrual cycle. Participants were 89 women, ages 18 to 24 (M = 18.63, SD = 0.93), who completed daily surveys for five weeks. On the second day of menses, they completed a questionnaire regarding dysmenorrhea. Participants having insomnia rated their dysmenorrhea as being more severe and causing more interference with daily activities than did participants without insomnia. Insomnia severity was directly associated with dysmenorrhea severity and interference. Sleep onset latency was longer and sleep efficiency was lower in participants with severe dysmenorrhea than in those with mild dysmenorrhea. Further, participants with mild dysmenorrhea reported significantly better sleep quality than did those having moderate or severe dysmenorrhea. Additionally, wake time after sleep onset was shortest and number of awakenings was lowest around the time of ovulation. Future research should examine whe...
A Pyrimidine Analog of Thiamine and the Growth of Fungi.

This compound was synthesized by Miss Yolanda A. Tota. It is stated to be at least as stable to heat as thiamine. I have tested this compound with three fungi, Phycomyces Blakesleeanus, Pythiomorpha gonapodyides and Phytophthora cinnamomi, each of which has a different kind of thiamine deficiency. Each organism was grown in 25-ml. quantities of a solution containing per liter 50 g. dextrose, 1.5 g. KH2PO4, 0.5 g. MgSO4-7H20, 2.0 g. asparagine and the following mineral supplements in p. p. m.: 0.005 B, 0.02 Cu, 0.1 Fe, 0.01 Ga, 0.01 Mn, 0.01 Mo and 0.09 Zn. To this solution various amounts of the analog, of thiamine, of thiazole or of pyrimidinel were added as shown in tables 1 and 2. The solutions were sterilized for 20 minutes at 12 pounds pressure and each treatment was carried out in triplicate. The temperature of incubation was 20?C. Phycomyces was grown for 8 days,
On storing ragged arrays by hashing

The inevitably poor utilization of storage by computed-access realizations of extendible rectangular arrays can be circumvented by storing such arrays by hashing. This paper studies the extent to which the same switch in storage strategy avoids the even worse utilization of storage by computed-access realizations of extendible ragged (i.e., nonrectangular) arrays. Unfortunately, the dramatic successes of the rectangular case do not carry over: any hashing scheme for extendible ragged arrays with storage demands very much smaller than those of computed-access realizations must suffer expected access time that is close to worst possible. On the other hand, one can obtain moderate savings in storage demands by hashing ragged arrays, together with sufferable access time. This last result issues from a general technique for trading increased access time for savings in storage. Even more striking savings are attainable if one restricts attention tofully-justified ragged arrays, whose raggedness is more regular than that of general ragged arrays. However, the overall impact of our results is that extendible ragged arrays do not succumb to the storage strategies that work efficiently on their rectangular counterparts.
Primary Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) of the breast: Report of a deceptive case with xanthomatous features confirmed by TFE3 immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare neoplasm that most commonly presents in the lower extremities. Although ASPS has distinctive histologic features, it may cause diagnostic problems when it arises in unusual locations. To our knowledge, only 1 case of ASPS arising within the breast has previously been reported. Here, we report a second case of primary mammary ASPS. The patient was a 44-year-old woman who presented with a breast mass. Needle biopsy was performed, yielding a polygonal cell lesion with abundant, predominantly xanthomatous cytoplasm. The cells labeled strongly for the histiocytic marker CD68, suggesting a benign macrophage-rich lesion. However, the unusual nature of the lesion as well as the prominence of nucleoli prompted suggestion for an excision. The excision more clearly revealed the lesion's alveolar architecture and demonstrated cells with more eosinophilic cytoplasm, along with the xanthomatous cells. The diagnosis of ASPS was confirmed by electron microscopy, which revealed ...