cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potent contact allergen in the rubber plant guayule (Parthenium argentatum)

Chemical and dermatotoxicological investigations of the natural and processed resin of the Mexican rubber plant, guayule (Parthenium argentatum), has established the presence of a sesquiterpene cinnamic acid ester (guayulin A) that is a potent elicitor of allergic contact dermatitis in experimental animals. The guayule contact allergen is comparable to the poison ivy skin allergens as an elicitor of dermatitis in sensitized guinea pigs.
Large aerosol particles in cirrus type clouds

Abstract Research flights in November 1990 over the central parts of the United States, Wyoming and Colorado, were aimed to the investigation of the properties and microstructure of cirrus clouds (mainly cirrocumulus lenticularis). Among the other parameters measured on board the NCAR Saberliner were the concentration and size distribution of submicron particles and, in some cases, the particle deliquescence. For coarse insoluble particles found inside and outside of cloud elements, size distributions and morphology information were obtained by evaluating inertial impactor samples with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the coarse particle composition was determined by x-ray energy spectrum analysis. The following conclusions from these measurements are: The large and coarse particle size distribution can be roughly simulated by a log-normal function with the modus around r=0.5 μm. Particle concentrations are very variable between several tenths and several particles per cm3. Particle volume distribution features a distinct maximum around 0.75 μm without a broad plateau which was observed in the case of sampling at lower altitude. Aerosol composition heterogeneity at cirrus cloud level is well documented by the evaluation of the fine particle sampling taken with the UMR sampling system. This heterogeneity can be partly explained by the interaction between aerosol and cloud elements, which is documented by the measured particle size distribution curves inside and outside of cloud elements. Assuming that particle deliquescence is caused by H2SO4 and/or by (NH4)2SO4, particle soluble mass fractions were found to be around 30% in the first case and about 40% in the second. The most frequently occurring elements in large and coarse particles at cirrus cloud level were Si, Cl, Ba, S, Ca and C.
Duplication deficiency heterozygotes in Aedes aegypti.

Two types of duplication-deficiency heterozygotes have been discovered from a translocation stock of Aedes aegypti. The structural interchange involved one arm of chromosome 2 with chromosome 1 and the other arm with chromosome 3. Both types of dp-df heterozygotes were deficient for a part of chromosome 2. But in one case a part of chromosome 1 and, in the other, a part of chromosome 3 was duplicated. During meiosis, chromosomes with a duplication usually formed homomorphic ring bivalents in a variable frequency. The remaining four chromosomes formed chain multiples. Ring multiples were never observed. In one heterozygote where chromosome 3 was involved in duplication, approximately 91 per cent of the cells showed a chiasma in one of the interstitial regions. The frequency of the interstitial chiasma corresponded with the expected equational segregation during first anaphase of meiosis.
Aids Knowledge and Sexual Responsibility

A sample of 221 midwestern high school and college adolescents completed the AIDS Knowledge Test and Sexual Responsibility Scale. Overall, students had a moderate to high level of AIDS knowledge. F...
The sixty system of sumer

The most familiar fact about the Sumerian system of numeration is that it was based on the number sixty, very much as ours is based on the number ten: thus just as our words twenty and thirty etymologically signify 2X10 and 3 X 10, so did the Sumerian words gesh-min and gesh-esh signify 60 X 2 and 60 X }. But while with us the number words up to the larger unit ten are independent words, the Sumerian words up to sixty are, in most cases, composite forms; for this reason the Sumerian system has also been called decimal. The object of the present note is to show that that is not so. The argument will rest to a large extent on a simple examination of the Sumerian number system. As, however, recognized authorities have called the system decimal, we hope that our remarks will be helpful in correcting this misconception. Let us quote a few of these authorities. F. Thureau-Dangin (Esquisse d'une Histoire du Systeme Sexagesimal, p. 17), after commenting on the Sumerian number words up to ten, says: "With u '10', the system takes the decimal form." On the next page he says: "The genesis of the decimal system is clear/' It is clear, in any event, that he considers the system decimal. B. L. van der Waerden (Science Awakening, p. 41) says: "In a certain sense, the choice of 60 is a historical accident; 10, which appears everywhere (probably because we all have 10 fingers), is followed by 20 among the Celts (remember the French numerals quatre-vingt and quatre-vingt-dix, and the English three score for 60), by 100 among the Egyptians, perhaps by 50 among the Teutonic peoples, and by 60 among the Sumerians." W. Schmidt (Sprachfamilien und Sprachenkreise der Erde) in his examination of the number systems of the world, though he notes that Sumerian belongs to the Caucasian (Japhetic) family of languages, some branches of which (e.g., Basque) are vigesimal, nonetheless refers to Sumerian as a quinary-decimal system with some traces of vigesimal counting (see pp. 366, 376, and 71). On the contrary we are going to claim that Sumerian is a quinary-vigesimal system, with a trace of 10-counting. This vigesimal character has, indeed, been noticed before, namely by A. R. Nykl*; his paper thus to some extent serves the same purpose as ours, but we will make some additional observations.
Me and My Shadow: Observation, Documentation, and Analysis of Serials and Electronic Resources Workflow

Librarians in the Metadata & Cataloging Department at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries embarked on a comprehensive project to document and review the Libraries' serials and electronic resources workflow with the goals of introducing greater efficiency, clarity, and simplicity into processes across the serials unit and of increasing training opportunities for department-wide understanding of the serials lifecycle. This paper examines the method used to observe and collect information about serials and electronic resources work, the process of synthesizing that information into a graphical representation of the serials lifecycle, and the workflow analysis undertaken to introduce improved serials processes. The value of the project is demonstrated through a discussion of efforts for workflow education, analysis, and improvement at the NCSU Libraries directly instigated by review of the process documentation by technical services staff members.
Immunogenicity and protection in mice given inactivated influenza vaccine, MPL, QS-21 or QS-7

Abstract Background : Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), QS-21 and QS-7 were evaluated in mice for their ability to increase the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of formalin-inactivated (FI) influenza A/Texas/91 virus vaccine. Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) was used as a positive control. Methods : Mice were inoculated twice, 28 days apart, either intramuscularly (I.M.) with vaccine mixed with phosphate buffered saline, FIA, MPL or QS21, or intranasally (I.N.) with vaccine containing QS-21 or QS-7. The mice were bled on days 0, 28 and 49 and challenged I.N. on this last day with live virus. Four days later, the lungs from each animal were assessed for influenza virus. All sera were tested for virus-specific neutralizing (Nt), hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) and ELISA antibodies. Studies to account for the mechanism(s) of adjuvant activity have been initiated. Results : FIA, MPL and QS-21 all enhanced the production of virus-specific antibodies and increased protection from pulmonary virus infection following I.M. administration. Maximal adjuvanticity occurred in groups inoculated with “low” doses of vaccine and in groups administered vaccine mixed with QS-21. Both QS adjuvants exhibited significant adjuvant activity following I.N. inoculation. Protection correlated best with levels of virus-specific serum Nt and HI antibodies. Conclusions : The present studies support continued development of adjuvants for inactivated influenza virus vaccines.
Glass formation and glass structure of BiO1.5–CuO–Ca0.5Sr0.5O system

The glass-forming region of the BiO1.5–CuO–Ca0.5Sr0.5O system has been determined by melting 5 g batches. Glass rods 4 mm in diameter and 75 mm long have been made. The glass transition temperatures (TG) and the onset crystallization temperatures (Tx) are around 390 °C and 440 °C, respectively. Densities of these glasses range from 5.5 to 7.0 g/cm3. The glass structure consists of the [BiO3] and [BiO6] units, and the conversion between these two polyhedra mainly depends on the Ca0.5Sr0.5O amount. The molecular volume of the glasses indicated that increasing Ca0.5Sr0.5O caused loose glass structures.
Population response of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, to host phenology in corn and peanut

In northeastern North Carolina, outbreaks of Tetranychus urticae Koch on commercial corn and peanut plantings were observed to coincide with flowering and fruiting of the crop host. In greenhouse studies, when equal mite numbers were started on plants in either vegetative or reproductive growth stages, populations increased significantly more after 3–4 weeks on reproductive plants of both corn and peanut. This direct response of mite populations to differences in plant phenology appears to be an important component in the population dynamics of T. urticae. The importance of this effect in understanding mite outbreaks on corn and peanut is discussed, especially in reference to the corn-peanut agroecosystem in North Carolina. RESUME Reponse de populations de Tetranychus urticae Koch., aux phenologies du mais et de l'arachide Les populations de tetraniques sont souvent associees a la floraison et a la fructification des plantes attaquees. Dans les agrosystemes maisarachide du N.E. de la Caroline du Nord, l'augmentation rapide de populations de T. urticae a ete observee lors de la maturation des epis males du mais et du maximum de floraison de l'arachide. Bien que ces observations suggerent une relation causale avec la phenologie des plantes hotes, il est difficile de determiner dans les conditions de la nature si l'augmentation des populations d'acariens sur les stades reproducteurs des plantes est due a une reponse a la phenologie des cultures ou a une autre cause, comme le passe de la population ou une immigration. Des experiences ont ete realisees dans une serre pour mettre en evidence l'action de la phenologie du mais et de l'arachide sur les populations d'acariens en maitrisant ces autres hypothetiques facteurs. Des effectifs identiques d'acariens femelles ont ete liberes sur des plantes a des stades tant vegetatifs que reproductifs, et ensuite laisses sans interventions pendant plusieurs semaines, au bout desquelles les effectifs sur chaque plante ont ete denombres. Sur les deux hotes, les populations sur plante a un stade reproducteur avaient augmente significativement plus que sur les plantes de měme espece a un stade vegetatif. Ces resultats montrent que T. urticae repond directement a des differences entre plantes a un stade vegetatif et a un stade reproductif. Cette reponse semble jouer un role important dans la dynamique des populations de T. urticae.
Arguesian Identities in the Congruence Variety of Abelian Groups

Abstract A class of identities in the Grassmann–Cayley algebra was found by M. J. Hawrylycz (1994, “Geometric Identities in Invariant Theory,” Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) which yields a large number of geometric theorems on the incidence of subspaces of projective spaces. In a previous paper we established a link between such identities in the Grassmann–Cayley algebra and a family of inequalities in the class of linear lattices, i.e., the lattices of commuting equivalence relations. We proved that a subclass of identities found by Hawrylycz, namely, the Arguesian identities of order 2, can be systematically translated into inequalities holding in linear lattices. However, it is not known whether the Arguesian identities of higher orders have such latticial extensions. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to the above question in the congruence variety of Abelian groups. We prove that every Arguesian identity, regardless of the order, can be systematically translated into a lattice inequality holding in the congruence variety of Abelian groups. In particular, such a lattice inequality holds in the lattices of subspaces of vector spaces, which are characteristic-free and independent of dimensions. As a consequence, many classical theorems of projective geometry, including Desargues, Bricard, Fontene, and their higher dimensional generalizations, can be extended to lattice inequalities in the general projective spaces, with the variables representing subspaces of arbitrary dimensions.
Determining the success of vasectomy.

OBJECTIVES To examine patient compliance, significance of rare nonmotile sperm (RNMS) and to determine the timing and number of semen analyses required to confirm sterility. PATIENTS AND METHODS From November 2001 to November 2004, 436 consecutive primary vasectomies were performed by one surgeon. All patients were instructed to submit two initial semen specimens for analysis (2 and 3 months after vasectomy) and additional samples (at 1-month intervals) if sperm were identified on the initial and subsequent analyses. RESULTS A quarter of the patients submitted no semen specimens and only 21% followed the full instructions to provide two consecutive negative semen analyses. Three-quarters of the patients provided a semen specimen at 8 weeks after vasectomy; of these, 75% were azoospermic and 25% contained sperm. At 12 weeks after vasectomy half the patients provided a semen specimen; of these, 91% were azoospermic and 9% contained sperm. Of the 83 patients with semen containing sperm at 8 weeks, 80 had RNMS and three had rare motile sperm (one of whom subsequently proved to have vasectomy failure). Of the 80 patients with RNMS, at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11 months, 65, four, three, four, two, one and one, respectively were azoospermic. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that many patients are not compliant with the protocol after vasectomy. Provided patients have been adequately counselled, we think that one negative semen analysis at 3 months or one with RNMS at 2 months may be adequate to determine the success of vasectomy. This should reduce the number of semen analyses, including reducing the number of men who must undergo repeat testing, without sacrificing the accuracy of determining paternity. Simplifying the follow-up after vasectomy is important; not only would it be cost-effective but it may also improve patient compliance.
Holography stabilizes the vacuum energy.

Gravitational holography is argued to render the cosmological constant stable against divergent quantum corrections, thus providing a technically natural solution to the cosmological constant problem. Evidence for quantum stability of the cosmological constant is illustrated in a number of examples including bulk descriptions in terms of delocalized degrees of freedom, boundary screen descriptions on stretched horizons, and nonsupersymmetric conformal field theories as dual descriptions of anti--de Sitter space. In an expanding universe, holographic quantum contributions to the stress-energy tensor are argued to be at most of order the energy density of the dominant matter component.
For Students By Students

Need to update laboratory instrumentation and courseware? Constrained by a tight budget? This article might be for you!
Effects of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on microsomal long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoA synthetase and hydrolase

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes significantly decreased rat liver microsomal long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (LCA-CoA) hydrolase. The decrease was observed using either palmitoyl-CoA (35 per cent, p<0.01) or oleoyl-CoA (23 per cent, p<0.01) as the substrate for the enzyme. Under the same conditions, diabetes did not significantly alter activity of LCA-CoA synthetase. Daily subcutaneous injections of protamine zinc insulin (10–12 units/day) into the diabetic rats returned their blood glucose to normal but only partially corrected the LCA-CoA hydrolase activity and did not effect LCA-CoA synthetase activity. The decreased LCA-CoA hydrolase and the unchanged LCA-CoA synthetase activities in the diabetic rat liver were interpreted as factors that may contribute to elevation of fatty acyl-CoA levels in the diabetic liver.
Standpoint: Citation analysis of the journal of broadcasting & electronic media: Another perspective

(1997). Standpoint: Citation analysis of the journal of broadcasting & electronic media: Another perspective. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 427-438.
Fabrication of flexible polymer tubes for micro and nanofluidic applications

We describe a method for fabricating narrow, flexible, polymeric fluid conduction tubes with dimensions down to the 100 nm regime. Vapor deposited Parylene tubes of various dimensions were integrated into silicon substrates forming a microfluidic network. In one approach we replicated fluidic systems in polymer by detaching free-standing flexible Parylene tubes from the silicon mold. We demonstrated capillary flow and electrophoretic drive of ions through polymer tubes of up to 5 cm in length.
The actions of neuropeptides on dorsal horn neurons in the rat spinal cord slice preparation: an intracellular study

Responses of dorsal horn neurons to bath application of substance P, somatostatin and enkephalin were studied by intracellular recording in the neonatal spinal cord slice preparation. Substance P depolarized dorsal horn neurons and increased their excitability. The depolarization was most commonly associated with an increase in neuronal input resistance. Somatostatin and enkephalin hyperpolarized dorsal horn neurons and caused reduction or abolition of spontaneous firing. While the hyperpolarization produced by enkephalin was always associated with a fall in neuronal input resistance, in the case of somatostatin the similar effect was less consistently observed.
Smoking and adverse outcomes at radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Background Multiple large epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between smoking and prostate cancer incidence and mortality only to arrive at contradictory results. In this series, we studied the effect of smoking on pathologic outcomes and biochemical recurrence in a cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Methods We identified 630 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1989 and 2005 who had detailed smoking histories. There were 321 smokers and 309 nonsmokers. Pathologic outcomes included prostate weight, volume of cancer, volume of high grade cancer, margin status, seminal vesicle involvement, extraprostatic extension, perineural invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, and the presence of nodal metastasis. Biochemical recurrence was defined as a postoperative PSA ≥ 0.1 ng/ml. Univariate analysis and multivariate linear and Cox regression were used to study the impact of smoking on these outcomes. Results The volume of cancer (2.54 vs. 2.16 ml, P = 0.016) and the volume of high grade cancer (0.58 vs. 0.28 ml, P = 0.004) were greater in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Smoking independently predicted greater volumes of cancer and high grade cancer in multivariate analysis. Heavy smokers (≥20 pack-year history) had a greater risk of biochemical recurrence on univariate survival analysis. Smoking also predicted a greater risk of biochemical recurrence on Cox regression, the magnitude of which was approximately 1% per pack-year smoked. Conclusions Smoking is associated with adverse pathologic features and a higher risk of biochemical recurrence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. If confirmed by additional studies, smoking history may need to be included into risk assessment models.
Who Needs the Nation-State? A Rejoinder

I am grateful to John Agnew for his gracious comments. I am in fact largely in agreement with much of what he writes, and in an article having a somewhat different focus, I might have elaborated al...
The Apple Man

Bump, bump shook the old door from 1834. Peering inward through the glass a weathered face of an old man seemed to expect to enter quickly. The hour was early, and being unfamiliar with the situati...
Detecting Silent Data Corruption for Extreme-Scale MPI Applications

Next-generation supercomputers are expected to have more components and, at the same time, consume several times less energy per operation. These trends are pushing supercomputer construction to the limits of miniaturization and energy-saving strategies. Consequently, the number of soft errors is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. While mechanisms are in place to correct or at least detect some soft errors, a significant percentage of those errors pass unnoticed by the hardware. Such silent errors are extremely damaging because they can make applications silently produce wrong results. In this work we propose a technique that leverages certain properties of high-performance computing applications in order to detect silent errors at the application level. Our technique detects corruption based solely on the behavior of the application datasets and is application-agnostic. We propose multiple corruption detectors, and we couple them to work together in a fashion transparent to the user. We demonstrate that this strategy can detect over 80% of corruptions, while incurring less than 1% of overhead. We show that the false positive rate is less than 1% and that when multi-bit corruptions are taken into account, the detection recall increases to over 95%.
Forum: Urban storm water management: quantity and quality

A watershed can experience extra stresses due to the activities of urbanisation such as new land developments. This brief Forum paper raises two matters for discussion concerning best management prectices (BMPs) in this area: firstly, that it would be beneficial to have more continuous monitoring programs put in place to test and document the effectiveness of various BMPs in various regions; and secondly, that maintenance work must be given priority to ensure that all installed BMPs function well as they are supposed to be.
Rectal dose-volume differences using proton radiotherapy and a rectal balloon or water alone for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Purpose To describe dose–volume values with the use of water alone vs. a rectal balloon (RB) for the treatment of prostate cancer with proton therapy. Materials and Methods We analyzed 30 proton plans for 15 patients who underwent CT and MRI scans with an RB or water alone. Simulation was performed with a modified MRI endorectal coil and an RB with 100 mL of water or water alone. Doses of 78–82 gray equivalents were prescribed to the planning target volume. The two groups were compared for three structures: rectum, rectal wall (RW), and rectal wall 7 cm (RW7) at the level of the planning target volume. Results Rectum and RW volumes radiated to low, intermediate, and high doses were small: rectum V10, 33.7%; V50, 17.3%; and V70, 10.2%; RW V10, 32.4%; V50, 20.4%; and V70, 14.6%. The RB effectively increased the rectal volume for all cases (139.8 ± 44.9 mL vs. 217.7 ± 32.2 mL ( p p ≤ 0.05); RW for V10–V50; and RW7 for V10–V35. An absolute rectum V50 improvement >5% was seen for the RB in 5 of 15 cases, for a benefit of 9.2% ± 2.3% compared with 2.4% ± 1.3% for the remaining 10 cases ( p Conclusions Rectum and rectal wall doses with proton radiation were low whether using water or an RB. Selected patients will have a small but significant advantage with an RB; however, water alone was well tolerated and will be an alternative for most patients.
Estimates of Pregnancies Averted Through California's Family Planning Waiver Program in 2002

CONTEXT: During its first year of operation (1997-1998), California's family planning program, Family PACT, helped more than 750,000 clients to avert an estimated 108,000 pregnancies. Given subsequent increases in the numbers of clients served and contraceptive methods offered by the program, updated estimates of its impact on fertility are needed. METHODS: Claims data on contraceptives dispensed were used to estimate the number of pregnancies experienced by women in the program in 2002. Medical record data on methods used prior to enrollment were used to predict client fertility in the absence of the program. Further analyses examined the sensitivity of these estimates to alternative assumptions about contraceptive failure rates, contraceptive continuation and contraceptive use in the absence of program services. RESULTS: Almost 6.4 million woman-months of contraception, provided primarily by oral contraceptives (57%), barrier methods (19%) and the injectable (18%), were dispensed through Family PACT during 2002. As a result, an estimated 205,000 pregnancies—which would have resulted in 79,000 abortions and 94,000 births, including 21,400 births to adolescents—were averted. Changing the base assumptions regarding contraceptive failure rates or method use had relatively small effects on the estimates, whereas assuming that clients would use no contraceptives in the absence of Family PACT nearly tripled the estimate of pregnancies averted. CONCLUSIONS: Because all contraceptive methods substantially reduce the risk of pregnancy, Family PACT'S impact on preventing pregnancy lies primarily in providing contraceptives to women who would otherwise not use any method.
Genetics and occupation-related preferences. Evidence from adoptive and non-adoptive families

Abstract The present study sought to determine if genes contribute to variations in preferences for occupation, and if these preferences in turn are associated with social status attainment. The approach taken involved comparing 435 adopted and 10,880 genetic offspring regarding various aspects of the jobs they prefer with seven different measures of parental social status. Consistent with the hypothesis that genes influence both occupational-related preferences and social status, higher average correlations were found between several of these preferences and parental status for the genetic offspring than for the adoptive offspring. For comparative purposes, we also correlated self-rated intellectual ability with parental social status for the genetic and the adoptive offspring. Only one of these measures—high school class rank—was correlated to a significantly greater degree with parental social status among the genetic offspring than among the adoptive offspring. Overall, this study not only suggests that the genes influence various preferences related to occupations, but that these preferences have an effect on the social status attainment. Genes influencing occupational-related preferences may even affect social status attainment to roughly the same degree as do genes for intellectural ability.
An Administrator's Guide to Developing and Evaluating A Building Discipline Program

Listed here are 12 components administrators should consider when planning for a schoolwide discipline system.
Application of tridiagonalization to the many-body problem. II. Finite T

In a previous paper of the same title, we obtained the ground-state energy of a magnetic (Wolff-model) impurity in a nonmagnetic metal. In the present Brief Report, we calculate the impurity's contribution to the density of states and heat capacity of the metal at low temperatures. Here, the Lancz\"os reduction ("tridiagonalization") converges less rapidly, so that our results are of qualitative merit only. Nevertheless, we confirm the validity of perturbation theory in the weak-coupling regime, and find, at strong coupling, that the interaction introduces an extra fraction $\frac{2}{N}$ of states at the Fermi level.
Race without Racism: How Higher Education Researchers Minimize Racist Institutional Norms

This article analyzes 255 articles published in seven peer-reviewed journals over a 10-year period and presents examples of how higher education researchers undertake the study of campus racial climates; racial differences in access, outcomes, and attainment; and the experiences of students, faculty, and administrators of color on predominantly White campuses without explicitly considering racism or attributing quantified racial inequities to racist institutional practices. The analysis found three consistent trends: (a) racial disparities are overwhelmingly attributed to factors other than racism, (b) scholars use semantic substitutes for "racism" and "racist," and (c) critical race theory is rarely used for conceptual sense-making.
Morphometric Analysis of Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Cells and Their Vibrissa Follicle Nerve Axons Following Multiple Low-Dose Exposure to the Carbamate Insecticide Aldicarb

Chronic carbamate exposure is reported to cause somatosensory dysfunction in humans. The limited experimental literature on neuropathic effects of repeated, low-level carbamate exposure is equivocal and does not address effects on well-defined somatosensory pathways. In this study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.2 mg/kg/day of aldicarb, by oral gavage, for 90–114 days. The daily dose was below that capable of inducing clinical signs of cholinergic poisoning but inhibited acetylcholinesterase in spinal cord and blood. Aldicarb was evaluated for its ability to cause death or morphologic alteration of sensory neurons innervating C1 mystacial vibrissa follicles. Light and electron microscopy were used to examine the number of myelinated axons in C1 vibrissa follicle nerves and the respective areas of these axons and their myelin sheaths. Retrograde axonal transport was used with fluorescence microscopy to examine the number and diameter of the cell bodies of C1 vibrissa follicle nerve axons. No differ...
Fos expression in non-catecholaminergic neurons in medullary and pontine nuclei after volume depletion induced by polyethylene glycol.

Fos immunocytochemistry was combined with immunolabeling for dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) to examine neuronal activation in the medulla and pons after administration of polyethelene glycol (PEG), which produces volume depletion without altering arterial blood pressure. Increased Fos immunoreactivity was observed in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, rostral ventrolateral medulla, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and the dorsomedial pons at the level of the locus coeruleus. Fos immunolabeling in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract, rostral ventrolateral medulla, and the dorsomedial pons occurred primarily in neurons that did not contain DBH. Thus, PEG activates non-catecholaminergic neurons in medullary and pontine areas associated with cardiovascular and body fluid regulation.
Middle-late Miocene (>10 Ma) formation of the Main Boundary thrust in the western Himalaya

Three independent data sets from northwestern India and Pakistan suggest initial displacement along >1000 km of the Main Boundary thrust prior to 10 Ma, at least 5 m.y. earlier than previously reported. Regionally extensive changes in the depositional characteristics and rates of the foreland-basinfill between 11 and 9.5 Ma are interpreted to reflect new hinterland loading due to the formation of the Main Boundary thrust. Sediment-accumulation rates, sandstone-siltstone ratios, and thickness and amalgamation of individual sandstone bodies all substantially increase after 11 Ma in well-dated stratigraphic sections from Pakistan to Nepal across the Indo-Gangetic foreland basin. In the Himachal Pradesh reentrant of northwestern India, a newly discovered 8.7 Ma conglomerate derived from the hanging wall of the Main Boundary thrust indicates that source-area uplift and denudation must have occurred prior to 9 Ma and probably prior to 10 Ma, assuming a gravelprogradationrateof3cm/yr.Threeapatitefission-trackages fromstructuresattheleadingedgeoftheMainBoundarythrustin the Kohat region of northwest Pakistan indicate that rapid cooling below ;105 C1‐2 m.y. earlier. These data indicate that the Main Boundary thrust in the western Himalaya formed synchronously along strike in the middle-late Miocene, has a displacement rate of ;10 mm/yr, and has a displacement history that is coeval with late displacement on the Main Central thrust.
Measurements of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer by focusing schlieren deflectometry

Some novel, non-intrusive, high-frequency, localized optical measurements of turbulence in compressible flows are described. The technique is based upon focusing schlieren optics coupled with high-speed quantitative measurement of light intensity fluctuations in the schlieren image. Measurements of density gradient fluctuations confined to a thin slice of the flowfield are thus obtained. The new instrument was used to investigate the structure of a two-dimensional, adiabatic, wind tunnel wall boundary layer at a Mach number of 3. The measurements were compared to data obtained using hot-wire anemometry and good agreement was found between the two. Distributions of broadband convection velocity of large-scale structures through the boundary later were also measured. In marked contrast to earlier results, it is shown here that the convection velocity is essentially identical to the local mean velocity. Further, results obtained using the VITA conditional sampling technique shed new light on the turbulent boundary layer structure. Overall, the data presented herein serve to validate the new measurement technique.
Tracking moving organs in real time

In an ideal radiotherapy procedure, the treatment system would continuously adapt the radiation beam delivery to changes in the tumor position. The development of such a tracking capability has been underway for more than 10 years, beginning with the CyberKnife image-guided radiosurgery system. In that time, much has been learned about the nature of tumor motion and the technical issues that it presents to a practical real-time tracking system. In this article, I will review the basic concepts behind existing and proposed radiotherapy beam-tracking systems, show clinical evidence of the types of movement that are encountered in real-time tracking situations, describe the corresponding technical problems and solutions, and discuss the unresolved issues in making real-time tumor tracking a practical response to tumor motion.
‘The Precious Body of Christ That They Tretyn in Ther Hondis’: ‘Miraclis Pleyinge’ and the Croxton Play of the Sacrament

In the Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge , Christ's Passion, despite its fortunate result for humanity, emerges as the ultimate, condemning result of humans assuming an irreverent access to the divine--an irreverent access (resulting, in this case, in the torture of divine flesh at human hands) that both writers of the text describe as a chief characteristic of 'miraclis pleyinge.' Similarly, in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament , cursory treatment of Christian doctrines, disregard for Church leaders, and assumed access to the divine--embodied in the sacred object of the host--result in a bloody version of Christ's Passion, marked by human mishandling of sacred objects and topics. Offered in this paper as a point of comparison to the issues raised in the Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge , the Croxton Play of the Sacrament stages and illuminates a number of the chief points of the Tretise writers. Carefully shepherded and controlled by Church representatives who invoke the very doctrines and embody the very structure that the writers of the Tretise see as threatened or undermined by 'miraclis pleyinge,' what seems an irreverent reenactment of the Passion becomes in the Croxton Play an opportunity for redemption. What the writers of the Tretise see as the dangerous precedent of 'miraclis pleyinge'—inappropriate human engagement of sacred objects and topics--the Croxton Play embraces as potential site for indulging spiritual desires and exploring religious belief, while reassuringly asserting the fundamental stability and authority of Christianity.
Seeing through Self-Deception

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Other-deception 2. Two models of self-deception 3. The need for an alternative model of self-deception 4. Functioning to reduce an anxiety satisfying a desire 5. Self-deceptive belief formation: non-intentional biasing 6. False consciousness 7. Intentional and non-intentional deception of oneself 8. Irrationality 9. What, if anything, is objectionable about self- and other-deception? References Index.
Dominating sets in social network graphs

Abstract This paper presents an approach to the study of the structure of social networks using dominating sets of graphs. A method is presented for partitioning the vertices of a graph using dominating vertices. For certain classes of graphs this is helpful in determining the underlying structure of the corresponding social network. An extension of this technique provides a method of studying the structure of directed graphs and directed social networks. Minimum dominating sets are related to statuses and structurally equivalent sets.
Relationships among Coach Leadership, Peer Leadership, and Adolescent Athletes’ Psychosocial and Team Outcomes: A Test of Transformational Leadership Theory

Transformational leadership theory provided a framework to examine the relationships of coach and peer leadership with individual and team outcomes among team sport athletes. Adolescent female soccer players (N = 412) completed measures assessing coach and teammate transformational leadership behaviors, perceived competence, intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, team cohesion, and collective efficacy. Structural equation modeling revealed that coach leadership was more influential than peer leadership for predicting individual outcomes and collective efficacy, peer leadership was more strongly related to social cohesion than coach leadership, and both peer and coach leadership were equally important for task cohesion. Results are discussed relative to the viability of using transformational leadership theory to understand coach and athlete leadership in the sport domain.
Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide are associated with HLA–DR4 in simplex and multiplex polyarticular‐onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Objective Anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been detected in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), particularly in those with polyarticular, rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive JRA. Our objectives were to determine whether anti-CCP antibodies are associated with HLA–DR4 in children with polyarticular JRA, whether anti-CCP antibodies are associated with clinical features of disease, and whether affected sibling pairs (ASPs) with JRA are concordant for this antibody. Methods Stored serum samples obtained from 230 HLA-typed patients with JRA (77 with polyarticular-onset disease and 153 with pauciarticular- or systemic-onset disease), 100 JRA ASPs, and 688 healthy children were tested for anti-CCP antibodies and RF. Results Thirteen percent of the patients with polyarticular-onset JRA and 2% of the other JRA patients exhibited anti-CCP antibodies, compared with only 0.6% of the controls. Fifty-seven percent of RF-positive patients with polyarticular-onset JRA had anti-CCP antibodies. HLA–DR4–positive patients with polyarticular-onset JRA were more likely to have anti-CCP antibodies than were those without HLA–DR4 alleles (odds ratio [OR] 5.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.30–20.9). Anti-CCP antibodies were associated with polyarticular onset (OR 7.46, 95% CI 1.99–28.0), a polyarticular disease course (OR 9.78, 95% CI 1.25–76.7), and erosive disease (OR 14.3, 95% CI 3.01–67.9). Concordance rates for anti-CCP antibodies among ASPs were statistically significant. Conclusion These data demonstrate increased anti-CCP antibody formation in HLA–DR4–positive patients with polyarticular-onset JRA. The overall prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies in JRA is low, but a substantial proportion of RF-positive patients with polyarticular-onset JRA have these antibodies. Anti-CCP antibodies in JRA are associated with polyarticular onset, a polyarticular course, and erosive disease.
Cross-polarization cross-phase modulation of femtosecond pulses in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

The interplay of cross-polarization cross-phase modulation, higher-order dispersion effect, shock effect, Raman response, and coherent erbium amplification of a femtosecond pulse in a birefringent erbium-doped fiber amplifier is numerically studied. Under amplification, cross-phase modulation becomes stronger, and hence the period of the peak position oscillation of the two polarization components around their center of mass decreases. One of the polarization components may gain more energy depending on the spectral positions of the two components under cross-phase modulation. In the situations considered, the amplification generates a red shift in spectrum and delays the pulse because the gain on the long-wavelength side is higher.
The Stability of Attitude Item Scale Values

(1969). The Stability of Attitude Item Scale Values. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 107-111.
Generalized stability law for Josephson series arrays

By deriving an N-dimensional Poincare map, we explore the enhanced stability of Josephson series arrays using capacitive junctions. The analytic expression for the critical Floquet multiplier has a direct physical interpretation, affording new insight into the conditions that affect inphase stability. In particular, we generalize the well-known stability principle previously established for arrays of zero capacitance junctions. Optimally capacitive junction arrays offer a much improved candidate for experimental realization of the Kuramoto model.
Metabolism of 12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by rat liver microsomes

Abstract The in vitro metabolism of 12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was studied using freshly isolated rat liver microsomes. Ten metabolites were isolated and identified by a combination of ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The two major metabolites were dihdroxyeicosatetraenoic acids generated by ω /ω − 1 hydroxylation. Oxidation at C-5 resulted in the formation of four leukotriene-like compounds, two of which differed from leukotriene B4 in double-bond geometry alone. The other two differed from leukotriene B4 in olefin geometry and C-5 configuration. Epoxidation at the 14,15-olefin resulted in the formation of two diastereomeric epoxy alcohols, while C-16 hydroxylation gave two diastereomeric dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids.
Profile of minocycline neuroprotection in bilirubin-induced auditory system dysfunction.

Abstract Excessive hyperbilirubinemia in human neonates can cause permanent dysfunction of the auditory system, as assessed with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Jaundiced Gunn rat pups (jjs) exhibit similar BAEP abnormalities as hyperbilirubinemic neonates. Sulfadimethoxine (sulfa) administration to jjs, which displaces bilirubin from serum albumin into tissues including brain, exacerbates acute toxicity. Minocycline administered prior to sulfa in jjs protects against BAEP abnormalities. This study evaluates the neuroprotective capabilities of minocycline HCl (50 mg/kg) administered 30 or 120 min after sulfa (200 mg/kg) in 16 days old jjs. BAEPs are recorded at 6 or 24 h post-sulfa. Abnormal BAEP waves exhibit increased latency and decreased amplitude. The sulfa/saline treated jjs exhibited a significantly increased interwave interval between waves I and II (I–II IWI) and significantly decreased amplitudes of waves II and III compared to the saline/saline jjs. The minocycline 30 min post-sulfa (sulfa/mino + 30) group was not significantly different from the saline/saline control group, indicating neuroprotection. The minocycline 120 min post-sulfa (sulfa/mino + 120) group had a significantly decreased amplitude of wave III at both 6 and 24 h. These studies indicate that minocycline has a graded neuroprotective effect when administered after acute bilirubin neurotoxicity.
Food allergy: from biology toward therapy.

Studies confirm that food allergies affect as much as 2.5% of the adult population. Emerging knowledge of the mechanisms is opening avenues for specific immunologic interventions, some of which have now entered clinical trials. At present, physicians can help patients to avoid allergens and can address the risk of anaphylaxis.
Optimal lift force coefficient databases from riser experiments

Abstract Significant past effort has gone into understanding the complicated flow–structure interaction problem of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of long flexible cylindrical structures (e.g., risers, mooring lines, tendons, conductors) in the ocean environment. However, major challenges persist with regard to riser VIV modeling and response prediction. The existing prediction schemes are based on a number of hypotheses, experimental facts and data like strip theory, energy balance, correlation length and, most importantly, the use of lift force coefficient databases. Recent advances in observing the VIV motions on experimental risers with high confidence shows that some of these assumptions may not be valid. One important source of the discrepancies between theoretical estimates and experimental observations arise from the use of experimentally obtained lift coefficient databases. These databases were obtained under the laboratory conditions of limited Reynolds number, and under the assumption that the cross-flow motions are not influenced by restraining the in-line motions. In this paper we develop a method to improve the modeling capability of riser VIV by extracting empirical lift coefficient databases from field riser VIV measurements. The existing laboratory-based lift coefficient databases are represented in a flexible parameterized form using a set of carefully chosen parameters. Extraction of the lift coefficient parameters is posed as an optimization problem, where the objective is to minimize the error between the prediction using a theoretical model and the experimental data. Application of the method to data from the Norwegian Deepwater Programme experiments shows that the new optimal databases significantly reduce the error in estimating the riser VIV cross-flow response.
Evidence for transcriptional inhibition of GnRH gene expression by phorbol ester at a proximal promoter region.

Abstract We previously showed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with the phorbol ester, 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in GT1-7 hypothalamic cells decreases GnRH mRNA levels in a dose and time dependent fashion. In the present studies, we examined the mechanism of this effect. Analysis of the half-life of GnRH mRNA levels after transcriptional arrest with actinomycin-D (5 μg/ml) estimated the half-life of GnRH mRNA to be 22 h. TPA treatment did not alter the GnRH mRNA half-life directly, suggesting that the effects of TPA occur predominantly at the level of gene transcription. Exposure of cells transiently transfected with various deletion constructs of the rat (r)GnRH promoter to TPA resulted in a decrease of 60% in luciferase reporter activity. This repression was maintained in constructs deleted to position -126 and was lost with further deletion to position — 73. In conclusion, these experiments suggest that phorbol esters repress GnRH expression at the level of transcription through DNA sequences in the proximal rGnRH promoter.