cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus strain type and latent membrane protein 1 gene deletions in lymphomas in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Objective. Recent studies have shown that immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of rheumatic diseases can be associated with the development of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. The present study was undertaken to determine the strain type of EBV in lymphoproliferative disorders that occur in patients with rheumatic disease and to investigate EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) gene deletions that occur in these lymphoproliferative disorders. Methods. Ten EBV-associated lymphoid neoplasms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or dermatomyositis were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to determine EBV strain type and to investigate for the presence of a previously characterized 30-basepair deletion in the LMP-1 gene. Results. The results indicated that lymphoproliferative disorders in these patients can harbor EBV strain type A or B, with a predominance of type A infection (80%). It was also shown that both wild-type and mutated LMP-1 genes can be found in these neoplasms, with the deleted form of the LMP-1 gene occurring in one-third of cases in this series. Conclusion. LMP-1 deletions associated with certain aggressive lymphoid neoplasms are not required for the genesis of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with rheumatic disease. The relative frequencies of type A and type B EBV strains in these lymphoproliferative disorders show similarities to the frequencies in patients with post-solid organ transplantation immunosuppression-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
Two-Handed Movement Control

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the discrepancy between the finding that when two hands make movements to targets of different distances, they have the same movement time (Kelso, Southard & Goodman, 1979a, b) and the finding that they have different movement times (Marteniuk & MacKenzie, 1980). The present experiment shows that when the ratio of the distance traveled by the two hands is 4:1, they do not take the same time. The hand moving the shorter distance lakes less time, although it takes more lime than when moving alone or when moving the same distance as the other hand. This finding is highlighted when individual data are examined. It appears that there is no difference between using homologous or nonhomologous muscle groups.
Combination of classical and interphase cytogenetics to investigate the biology of myeloid disorders: Detection of masked monosomy 7 in AML

Abstract Numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 were detected by using fluorescence labeled in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure with a centromere-specific probe in four cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and three cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Comparison of these results with classical cytogenetic (CC) data demonstrated a good correlation between the two methods. FISH confirmed the finding of monosomy 7 in all patients who demonstrated this abnormality by CC. Two AML patients who did not show monosomy 7 by CC were unexpectedly found to contain this abnormality in 39.8% and 17% cells when examined by FISH. Given that our modified FISH method consistently yielded >96% hybridization efficiency, these findings constitute an unexpected but real presence of monosomy 7 in a substantial number of interphase cells that had remained undetected by classical karyotyping. Finally, a number of maturing myeloid cells including granulocytes also demonstrated monosomy 7 by FISH, thereby confirming the ability of malignant cells to undergo differentiation. We conclude that FISH constitutes a highly sophisticated molecular technique which can be extremely useful in select cases for detecting ‘masked monosomy 7’ as well as helping to determine the lineage of terminally mature cells in AML, thereby providing a handle on the effects of cytokines or chemotherapy on normal vs leukemic clones.
Growth Rate in the Cockroach Periplaneta Americana (Linn)

During a prolonged series of experiments with the so-called “intracellular symbionts” of the American cockroach, a thorough knowledge of the life history and rate of development of the host was found to be necessary. As there was little in the literature on the life-history of this roach, the necessary knowledge was obtained by careful observation and painstaking measurements of the animals in question. Some of the resulting data, not duplicated by the work of Gould and Deay ('38), is being published with the hope it may be of value to future workers.
The isolation and characterization in yeast of a gene for Arabidopsis S-adenosylmethionine:phospho-ethanolamine N-methyltransferase.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae opi3 mutant strains do not have the phospholipid N -methyltransferase that catalyzes the two terminal methylations in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthetic pathway. This results in a build up of the intermediate phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, causing a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. An Arabidopsis cDNA library was used to isolate three overlapping plasmids that complemented the temperature-sensitive phenotype. Phospholipid analysis showed that the presence of the cloned cDNA caused a 65-fold reduction in the level of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and a significant, though not equivalent, increase in the production of PC. Sequence analysis established that the cDNA was not homologous to OPI3 or to CHO2 , the only other yeast phospholipid N -methyltransferase, but was similar to several other classes of methyltransferases. S -adenosyl-Met:phospho-base N -methyltransferase assays revealed that the cDNA catalyzed the three sequential methylations of phospho-ethanolamine to form phospho-choline. Phospho-choline is converted to PC by the CDP-choline pathway, explaining the phenotype conferred upon the yeast mutant strain by the cDNA. In accordance with this the gene has been named AtNMT1. The identification of this enzyme and the failure to isolate a plant phospholipid N -methyltransferase suggests that there are fundamental differences between the pathways utilized by yeast and by some plants for synthesis of PC.
Tapering FEL amplifiers in wiggler period and field

Abstract Tapering a free electron laser (FEL) amplifier to improve extraction after gain saturation can be accomplished by varying both the wiggler period and the wiggler field. This paper considers specific FEL designs and demonstrates the improvement in extraction efficiency that can be achieved by utilizing both variations. Fabrication considerations make a continuously varying wiggler period impractical for long wigglers, and so this technique entails discontinuous steps in the wiggler period. Such steps in wiggler period must be introduced in a manner such that they do not induce steering in the electron beam for reasonable ranges of transverse velocities and energies nor induce a large spread in phase shifts. We discuss such techniques.
Viruses and Lipids

As obligatory intracellular pathogens, viruses exploit various cellular molecules and structures, such as cellular membranes, for their propagation. Enveloped viruses acquire lipid membranes as their outer coat through interactions with cellular membranes during morphogenesis within, and egress from, infected cells. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses typically exit cells by cell lysis, and lipid membranes are not part of the released virions. However, non-enveloped viruses also interact with lipid membranes at least during entry into target cells. Therefore, lipids, as part of cellular membranes, inevitably play some roles in life cycle of viruses. [...]
The integration of the handicapped into the regular classroom: Effects of cooperative and individualistic instruction

Abstract The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped fourth-grade students were compared. Fifty-one students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for handicap, ability, and sex. Students participated in one instructional unit for 45 min a day for 16 instructional days. Behavioral measures were taken for cross-handicapped interaction within the instructional situation, during daily free-time periods, and during a postexperimental problem-solving situation with new peers. A number of attitude measures were also given. The results indicate that cooperative learning experiences, compared with individualistic ones, promote more cross-handicapped interaction during both instructional and free-time situations and more interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students.
An Evaluation of History Textbooks

Textbooks are the most predominant instructional medium used in America today. Recent research indicates that the issue of textbook readability is complex, extending beyond traditional text evaluation based on readability formulas. In this study, 10 eighth-grade texts were evaluated with respect to factors such as global coherence, local coherence, questioning techniques, and vocabulary development. Results are discussed in terms of instructional implications.
Stealing the “Parson’s Surplice” / the Person’s Surplus: Narratives of Abstraction and Exchange in Silas Marner

Silas Marner (1861) depicts a stolen hoard of glittering gold at a historical moment that saw an increasing displacement of coinage by paper money in one of the major developments of industrial capitalist modernity. Reading the novel as George Eliot’s aesthetic and ethical response to the modern processes of abstraction that absorbed nineteenth-century thinkers from Auguste Comte to Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx, I suggest that Silas Marner consoles for a potentially impoverishing process of abstraction by refiguring it as an opportunity for a new form of value, one that transcends material limitations and depends upon human networks for its realization. Associating the “abstraction” of gold with the creation of a post-Malthusian modern economy in which giving has little personal cost and, on the contrary, produces collective, practical benefit, Silas Marner reflects the possibilities for abundance, surplus, and shared wealth that could be glimpsed in England at the outset of the 1860s. As the novel shifts from describing money as an unchanging, inanimate object to describing it instead as an exchange-value whose meaning is expressed in relation to the natural growth and repeating cycles of human experience, George Eliot offers a historically relevant fable of moral progress dependent on the abstractions common to material exchange, social sympathy, and narrative itself.
Linkage mapping of α-2 adrenergic receptor genes to mouse Chromosomes 2 and 5

α-2 adrenergic receptors can be subdivided into three related subtypes which are conserved in humans, rats, and mice. In the mouse, these receptors are encoded by three genes (Adra-2a, Adra-2b, Adra-2c). To gain insight into the evolution of this multigene family and to investigate whether these genes are candidates for previously identified mouse mutations, we have determined the map positions of the Adra-2b and Adra-2c genes. The Adra-2a gene has been previously mapped to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 19 (Oakey et al. Genomics 10, 338–334, 1991). Using segregation among recombinant inbred strains of a single-stranded conformational polymorphism specific for alleles of Adra-2b and Adra-2c, we present map positions for these genes on mouse Chrs 2 and 5, respectively. In the case of Adra-2b, these results have been confirmed by an analysis of somatic cell hybrids. In addition, we generate AKXD recombinant inbred strain distribution patterns for 11 previously defined SSLP microsatellite markers, further refining the haplotype maps for these chromosomes. Finally, several candidate mouse mutations that map close to Adra-2b and Adra-2c are discussed.
MATURITY STANDARDS FOR PROCESSING CLINGSTONE PEACHES

The flesh color of 5 clingstone peach cultivars was measured (in CIELAB coordinates) by tristimulus colorimeter before and after canning. Before canning, fruit were separated into 3 color classes (1A: green-yellow, 4A: yellow-green, 7A: orange) by visual comparison with a trial maturity chart. After canning, flesh color was measured and visually graded. All samples in color class 1A were rated USDA grade C, while classes 4A and 7A were rated grade A. Flesh color was also measured as a function of time before and after harvest. Fresh flesh L* values were approximately constant, a* values increased steadily, and b* values increased then slightly decreased. Final specifications for a new maturity chart were 7 colors of constant luminance (L*= 76.5) and linearly increasing a* and b* values (−5.0 to 13.0 and 70.1 to 76.4, respectively), corresponding to a time step of 3.5 days between colors.
CGA based performance-security trade-off optimization in a networked DC motor system

There are increasing concerns about the protection of the Networked Control Systems (NCS) security because of the growing threats of cyber attacks. However, security requirements often conflict with other performance requirements, like realtime dynamic performance due to limited system resources. We investigate the problem of the trade-off between NCS security and the NCS real-time performance in this paper. We first present a trade-off model for performance and security on NCS using a networked DC Motor system as an example. Then, a framework of performance-security trade-off optimization based on Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CGA) for this networked DC motor system is proposed. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed CGA framework is an effective approach for performance-security trade-off analysis and optimization on NCS.
An experimental test of two opposing theories of the perception deficit in schizophrenia.

Devised the experiment to test two alternate theories of the etiology of the perceptual defect in schizophrenia: The theory supported by Searles and Hartmann that it is a secondary recation to defense and that proposed by McGhie that it is a primary defecrt. Two groups (N = 32) of schizophrenic patients were compared, one of which was administered low doses and the other hight doses of fluphenazine HCL. Both groups were given before medication and 7 days after medication a batery of five-digit span tests. The tests differed in that they were accompanied by orally presented distracting words presented with varying combinations of emotional and neutral content and affect or with no distracting stimuli. Results indicated that patients administered high as compared to patients administered low doswages of medication performed significantly better on two-digit span tests, the test comprised of words with emotional content presented. with neutral affect, and the test with no-distracting stimuli. Because the higher dosage did not produced greater improvement on the test that utilized emotional-distracting stimuli than on the test accompanied by no distracting stimuli, the results are interpreted as supporting the theory of McGhie.
EPR of a mixed metal two-dimensional system: Mn1-fCof (HCOO)2 · 2H2O☆

Abstract An X-band multitemperature EPR study of Mn1-fCof(HCOO)2·2H2O reveals a linewidth which is a function of both temperature and f in the range 0
Simultaneous Type and Dimensional Synthesis of Planar 1DOF Mechanisms Using Evolutionary Search and Convertible Agents

This paper introduces a novel approach to automated mechanism synthesis called “convertible agents”. The evolutionary computing technique has been developed specifically for the unique design challenges encountered when synthesizing a mechanism for both type and dimensionality. Several case studies are presented which demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness over earlier solution strategies. In these studies, six different planar single-degree-of-freedom mechanism types are considered: a four-bar mechanism, Stephenson’s six-bar-mechanisms (types I, II, and III), and Watt’s six-bar-mechanisms (types I and II). The method is readily scalable to account for any number of different mechanism types and complexities.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
3′,5′-diesters of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine: Synthesis and biological activity

Abstract Twenty-seven esters of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUDR) were prepared and their toxicity and/or carcinostatic activity assayed by oral administration to mice with adenocarcinoma-755 tumors. 3′,5′-Diesters of FUDR with C 4 to C 16 aliphatic acids had a greater effect on the mice or the tumors than equivalent dosages of unesterified FUDR. The dibutyryl, dihexanoyl, and dioctanoyl were the most effective antitumor agents of the FUDR diesters with aliphatic acids. Carboxylic diesters with nonaliphatic acids, and certain sulfonyl, carbamoyl, and phosphoryl esters, offered no distinct advantage over the aliphatic esters, owing to either low carcinostatic activity or high toxicity. The toxicity and possibly also the antitumor potency of 3′,5′-dibutyryl FUDR were increased by simultaneous administration of an organophosphate inhibitor for esterases, effecting its hydrolysis. 3′,5′-Dibutyryl thymidine also increased the toxicity of FUDR to mice. The FUDR esters were less potent than FUDR in inhibiting the reproductive potential of houseflies and pea aphids.
Leginon: An Automated System for Acquisition of Images from Vitreous Ice Specimens

We have developed a system to automatically acquire cryo-electron micrographs. The system is designed to emulate all of the decisions and actions of a highly trained microscopist in collecting data from a vitreous ice specimen. These include identifying suitable areas of vitreous ice at low magnification, determining the presence and location of specimen on the grid, automatically adjusting imaging parameters (focus, astigmatism) under low-dose conditions, and acquiring images at high magnification to either film or a digital camera. This system is responsible for every aspect of image acquisition and can run unattended, other than requiring periodic refilling of the cryogens, for over 24 h. The system has been tested out on a variety of specimens that represent typical challenges in the field of cryo-electron microscopy. The results show that the overall performance of the system is equivalent to that of an experienced microscopist.
The “Catechetical” School of Early Christian Alexandria and Its Philonic Heritage

For centuries, the so-called catechetical school in Alexandria has intrigued scholars and stimulated speculation on its origins and early practices. The relationship of this school to Jewish-Hellenistic antecedents has made the problem doubly fascinating. Hypotheses about the school, however, have sometimes far exceeded the limits of the scanty information surviving in ancient authors, who themselves had incomplete evidence for their reconstructions. Without presenting here yet another theory on the school's early configuration, one must offer some kind of assessment before drawing Philo into the discussion, since his relation to the school obviously presents an extra complication.
Development of an OSL chronology for Late Pleistocene channel belts in the lower Mississippi valley, USA

Abstract The broad alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River contains large channel belts for which age control has been limited by the lack of organic material for radiocarbon dating and deposit ages greater than the limit of radiocarbon. In order to produce a detailed chronology of fluvial evolution, samples for optical dating were collected from Late Pleistocene channel-belt deposits. Quartz sand was analyzed using the coarse-grained, single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) technique. Samples showed little evidence of partial bleaching, and optical ages are for the most part consistent with the available radiocarbon and relative age constraints. Optical ages range from 85 to 11 ka and, along with geomorphic and stratigraphic relationships, indicate that the Mississippi River was meandering during the end of the last interglacial (85–83 ka) and switched to a braided regime by 64–50 ka during initial marine oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 4/3 glaciation of the upper Mississippi drainage basin. The Mississippi River switched back to a meandering regime after formation of the youngest braid belt at 11 ka. The 69 optical ages presented here provide the first detailed chronology of lower Mississippi valley braid-belt and Pleistocene meander-belt formation, and provide an example of the utility of optical dating in fluvial settings where material for radiocarbon dating is scarce.
Rhinovirus infections in infancy and early childhood

Rhinovirus (RV) infections occur early and recurrently in life, imposing a significant burden of disease on infants and young children. They are the most frequent causative agents of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in this age group and are associated with a broad variety of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory disease requiring hospitalisation. In addition to their impact on short-term morbidity, RVs are also debated as important pathogens in the development of recurrent wheeze and/or asthma. Several studies in infants at high-risk for atopy and asthma and in hospitalised children have demonstrated that recurrent wheezing illnesses induced by RVs early in life are a risk factor for the development of asthma later in childhood. However, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The question whether RVs are directly involved in the development of childhood wheeze and asthma, or whether symptomatic RV infections only represent a proxy for infants prone to develop obstructive lung diseases, is still open. In this review we provide an overview on the role of RVs as important disease-causing agents from infancy to early childhood and discuss their contribution to the subsequent development of childhood wheeze and/or asthma.
Traction Modifications Resulting from Test-Induced Treadwear

Measurements have shown that the traction performance of pneumatic tires can be profoundly influenced by wear which accrues during the testing process. These findings indicate that changes can occur in the shear forces generated at both high and low slip angles as a consequence of testing at high angular slip. These performance changes are capable of significantly altering a vehicle's directional properties and thus suggest that data from tests involving high rates of test wear be interpreted with special caution. The paper reviews and expands upon the basic findings through presentation of data taken on laboratory and mobile tire traction dynamometers and from vehicle tests for both passenger car tires and truck tires.
From shape to threat: exploiting the convergence between visual and conceptual organization for weapon identification and threat assessment

The present work is a part of a larger project on recognizing and identifying weapons from a single image and assessing threats in public places. Methods of populating the weapon ontology have been shown. A clusteringbased approach of constructing visual hierarchies on the base of extracted geometric features of weapons has been proposed. The convergence of a sequence of visual hierarchy trees to a conceptual hierarchy tree has been discussed. For illustrative purposes, from the growing conceptual ontology, a conceptual hierarchy tree has been chosen as a point of convergence for a sequence of visual hierarchy trees. A new approach is dened, on the base of the Gonzalez’ algorithm, to generate the visual hierarchies. The closest visual hierarchy tree is selected as the search environment for a query weapon. A method of threat assessment is proposed. This method uses the attribute-rich conceptual hierarchy tree to evaluate the results from the visual hierarchy tree search. The two trees are linked at the leaf-level, because the visual hierarchy closest to the conceptual has the same distribution of the leaf nodes. A set of experimental results are reported to validate the theoretical concepts. A portion of the existing weapon ontology is used for this purpose.
Analytical Approach to Predict Temperature Profile in a Multilayered Pavement System Based on Measured Surface Temperature Data

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm to predict one-dimensional (1D) temperature profiles in a multilayered pavement system on the basis of measured surface temperature data. The model inputs are pavement layer thicknesses, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of layer materials, average initial pavement temperatures along pavement depths, and measured pavement surface temperature data. The main mathematical tools employed in deriving the analytical solution of pavement layer temperature predictions are the Laplace transform and numerical inverse Laplace transform. Measured in situ temperature data from a two-layer flexible pavement system demonstrate that the derived analytical solution generates reasonable temperature profiles in the asphalt concrete layer. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm are that it can rapidly predict the pavement temperature profile when the thermal conductivity and diffusivity values of the layer material are selected and the surface temperature data are measured a...
How Much Can We Rely on the Level of Prostate-Specific Antigen as an End Point for Evaluation of Clinical Trials? A Word of Caution!

of PSA levels. The study objectives were to determine whether serum PSA changes were associated with the survival duration and to define the role of PSA levels as a surrogate end point for response to suramin treatment. The results, similar to those reported by others (9), indicated that a decline in PSA levels was a weak, but statistically significant, predictor of survival duration. Further evaluation of the data collected within the context of a landmark analysis (10), however, failed to identify a threshold value that would permit use of PSA-level decline as a response indicator. Thus, serum PSA levels, at least at this time, may not be the optimum marker of treatment response in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. It is interesting that the statistical analyses by Sridhara et al. (8) also revealed that a 75% or greater decline in PSA levels was not more predictive of survival duration than was a 50% decline in PSA levels. Although this result may imply that suramin responses may not affect survival duration, this could also be explained by a possible confounding biological effect of suramin on PSA expression, not necessarily indicative of antitumor activity, as was suggested by Thalmann et al. (5). Clearly, more clinical data are needed to further characterize the significance of PSA changes with regard to the therapeutic benefits of suramin on prostate cancer. To this end, suramin is being tested in a prospectively randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-institutional study sponsored by Parke-Davis, Ann Arbor, MI, in which quality of life, time to disease progression, survival duration, and serial changes in PSA levels are being evaluated simultaneously. The implications of the study by Thalmann et al. (5) may actually be even broader than asserted by the authors, since similar effects on PSA expression have been reported with other drugs, including agents commonly used to treat prostate cancer, such
What causes residual dual-task interference after practice?

Practice can dramatically reduce dual-task interference, but typically does not eliminate interference entirely. Residual interference after practice is especially large with certain non-preferred modality pairings (e.g., auditory–manual and visual–vocal). Does this residual interference imply the existence of a persistent central-processing bottleneck? To address this question, we transferred participants with previous dual-task practice to a psychological refractory period design. Although we observed residual dual-task costs in all four experiments, there was no evidence for a bottleneck, even with non-preferred modality pairings. We conclude that practice can eliminate the bottleneck limitation, but performance is still subject to other sources of interference, such as competition between central codes of the two tasks.
Household indicators: design to inform and engage citizens

Urban simulation systems can be a powerful tool for helping to understand the complex, long-term consequences of urban planning decisions. Simulation results are summarized and reported using indicators, aggregate measures such as population density or total minutes of vehicle delay. To citizens, these indicators may seem abstract and unfamiliar. This extended abstract presents design work in progress on Household Indicators, a new form of indicator designed especially for citizens. Accessed through a web-based interface, Household Indicators are intended to inform citizens by relating simulation results to citizens' life experiences, and to engage citizens by addressing the question, "How will this decision affect me?.
College football attendance: a panel study of the Football Bowl Subdivision

Panel data with an instrumented real ticket price are used to estimate a regular season game-day attendance and per cent of capacity regression equations. Better team performance, whether short term (season wins), intermediate term (bowls games in last 10 years) or long term (lifetime winning percentage), higher undergraduate enrolment, traditional rivalries and video coverage increase per cent of capacity used. Poor weather (more rain or cloud cover), higher travel costs and larger local population decrease it. Fan interest wanes as a season progresses, but this is offset as a team wins more games. Games played near a National Football League stadium, those with conference opponents, non-FBS opponents and non-BCS opponents have lower stadium utilization. The substantive results of the analysis do not change when attendance is used as the dependent variable rather than per cent of capacity.
The LC/MS Analysis of Glycation of IGG Molecules in Sucrose Containing Formulations

Glycation of a recombinant monoclonal IgG2 molecule, in sucrose containing liquid formulations, was studied using reversed-phase LC/MS analysis of the intact IgG, the F(ab')2 fragments and after complete tryptic digestion. The extent of glycation in sucrose containing formulations was monitored at different temperatures over a period of 21 months using the Hexose index (Hex(I)). Hex(I) represents the average number of hexose molecules per molecule of IgG and was calculated by using the intensity values of peaks corresponding to hexose isoforms in the deconvoluted mass spectra. The rate of glycation in mildly acidic sucrose containing formulations was proportional to the incubation temperature. No glycation was observed in sucrose containing formulations incubated at 4 degrees C even after 18 months. However, when the same formulations were incubated at 37 degrees C glycation was observed after just 1 month. The glycation sites were mapped to 10 lysine residues distributed throughout the molecule. The amino terminal end of the light chain was also shown to contain glycation. The surface accessibility of the lysine side chain could influence its susceptibility to glycation.
Environmental Impacts of the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Coal Ash Spill. 2. Effect of Coal Ash on Methylmercury in Historically Contaminated River Sediments

The Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston coal ash spill in December 2008 deposited approximately 4.1 million m3 of fly ash and bottom ash into the Emory and Clinch River system (Harriman, Tennessee, U.S.A.). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the ash on surface water and sediment quality over an eighteen month period after the spill, with a specific focus on mercury and methylmercury in sediments. Our results indicated that surface water quality was not impaired with respect to total mercury concentrations. However, in the sediments of the Emory River near the coal ash spill, total mercury concentrations were 3- to 4-times greater than sediments several miles upstream of the ash spill. Similarly, methylmercury content in the Emory and Clinch River sediments near the ash spill were slightly elevated (up to a factor of 3) at certain locations compared to upstream sediments. Up to 2% of the total mercury in sediments containing coal ash was present as methylmercury. Mercury isotope c...
A comparison of three methods for detecting the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa

This study was designed to compare three different fluorescent probes to assay the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa : chlortetracycline (CTC), mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) labelled with fluorescein (MAF), and quinacrine (QN). Normal human sperm ejaculates were washed and allowed to swim up for 30-60 min. Samples were examined under epifluorescence for the percentage of the acrosome reacted spermatozoa, as detected by the three probes. There was no significant difference between samples of fresh, uncapacitated spermatozoa evaluated with CTC, MAF or QN ; all gave <10% reacted. Following capacitation for 3 h, the percentage of spontaneously reacted spermatozoa was higher than in fresh spermatozoa ; CTC and MAF gave the same percentage (12%), while QN indicated a higher percentage (18%) of reacted spermatozoa (P < 0.001). Following exposure to ionophore A23187 at 1 h, the percentage of acrosome reactions increased to a mean of 31% as detected with CTC or MAF ; the mean percentage (45%) was significantly higher with QN (P < 0.0001). Further incubation up to 2 h with A23187 did not change these percentages. These results suggest that the QN probe detects the onset stage of the acrosome reaction, whereas the CTC and MAF probes detect the later stages in which the acrosomal cap is lost. Use of the two types of probe provides a means for finer resolution of the time course of the acrosome reaction in the human spermatozoa.
Four Years Progress in the Control and Eradication of Bacillary White Diarrhea in Maine

Abstract The agglutination test as a measure in the control of bacillary white diarrhea in Maine was begun in May 1921. Although less than 3000 birds were tested the first year, there has been such a marked increase in interest among the breeders, who have taken advantage of the tests, that during the year 1924–25 over 18,000 birds have been tested. Table I gives a general summary of the results obtained during the four years of testing. It will be noted that during the year 1921–22, no flocks were found to be free from white diarrhea infection. The percent infection varied from 3 to 44.7 with a mean of 22.3. Only four of the fifteen flocks tested showed less than 10% infection. Of the twenty flocks tested in 1922–23, four were found free and accredited free from bacillary white diarrhea according to the plan of the New England . . .
Breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers: insight from mouse models

Since its identification 20 years ago, the biological basis for the high breast cancer risk in women who have germline BRCA1 mutations has been an area of intense study for three reasons. First, BRCA1 was the first gene shown to associate with breast cancer risk, and therefore serves as model for understanding genetic susceptibility. Second, the type of breast cancer that occurs in these women has specific features that have engendered new hypotheses about the cancer biology. Third, it is hoped that understanding the origins of this disease may provide the means to prevent disease. Resolving this question has proven extremely challenging because the biology controlled by BRCA1 is complex. Our working model is that the high frequency of basal-like breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers is the result of a self-perpetuating triad of cellular phenotypes consisting of: (i) intrinsic defects in DNA repair and centrosome regulation that lead to genomic instability and increases spontaneous transformation; (ii) aberrant lineage commitment; and (iii) increased proliferation due to in large part to increased IGF-1 activity. We propose that the last is key and is a potential entree for preventing breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Representations and Strategies for Solving Spatial Problems with Diagrams

Spatial problems (SP) are inevitable in reasoning with diagrams. In this paper, we investigate general representations and computational strategies for a SP-solver such that it can accept problems from a human in a high-level language and output the solution without human intervention. We propose a language in which a variety of domain- independent 2D SPs can be specified in terms of constraints. The constraints are specified in first-order logic over the real domain using a vocabulary of objects, properties, relations and actions. We also propose two general and independent computational strategies - constraint satisfaction and spatial search - for autonomously solving the SPs. Ideas about how to make these strategies computationally efficient are discussed and illustrated by examples.
Embedded contract languages

Specifying application interfaces (APIs) with information that goes beyond method argument and return types is a long-standing quest of programming language researchers and practitioners. The number of type system extensions or specification languages is a testament to that. Unfortunately, the number of such systems is also roughly equal to the number of tools that consume them. In other words, every tool comes with its own specification language.In this paper we argue that for modern object-oriented languages, using an embedding of contracts as code is a better approach. We exemplify our embedding of Code Contracts on the Microsoft managed execution platform (.NET) using the C# programming language. The embedding works as well in Visual Basic. We discuss the numerous advantages of our approach and the technical challenges, as well as the status of tools that consume the embedded contracts.
‘Society’ and Struggle in the Early Twentieth Century: The Vietnamese neologistic project and French colonialism

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Vietnamese were confronted with the harsh realities of French colonialism, while simultaneously engaging with a flood of new concepts and the language that came with them. Among these concepts was that of ‘society’, whose import was enhanced by its linkages with the discourse of social Darwinism. This article explores the Vietnamese neologistic project of the early twentieth century through a close examination of the ways in which the concept and labels for ‘society’ were brought in and understood. I argue that the arrival of ‘society’ in conjunction with social Darwinism profoundly shaped the Vietnamese understanding of the term, implicating it in a notion of struggle and contestation. By illustrating the introduction of ‘society’ through early modernist school textbooks I suggest the ways in which Vietnamese conceptualized it as they embarked on their own struggle with the threats posed by colonialism.
Test zone field compensation

Test zone field (TZF) compensation increases antenna pattern measurement accuracy by compensating for extraneous fields created by reflection and scattering of the range antenna field from fixed objects in the range and by leakage of the range RF system from a fixed location in the range. TZF compensation can be used on fixed line-of-sight (static) far-field, compact, and near-field ranges. Other compensation techniques are seldom used in practical measurement situations because they are limited in the amount of compensation they provide. These techniques do not adequately model the type of extraneous field present in the range or require increased measurement time and equipment necessary to implement the technique. TZF compensation overcomes these limits as follows. The TZF is measured over a spherical surface encompassing the test zone using a low gain probe. The measured TZF is used antenna pattern measurements to compensate for extraneous fields. TZF compensation theory is presented and demonstrated using measured data. >
Soil Fungal Communities Respond to Grassland Plant Community Richness and Soil Edaphics

Fungal communities in soil have significant influences on terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, yet our understanding of the drivers of fungal diversity and community structure in soil is limited. Fungal communities associated with the rhizosphere of four native perennial grassland plant species, two legumes and two grasses, grown in monoculture and polyculture in a long-term field experiment were characterized. Reference databases were developed for, and amplicon libraries sequenced from, multiple-copy rRNA and single-copy protein-coding loci. Clustering and alignment-based pipelines were utilized to evaluate differences in fungal community structure and diversity in response to plant host, plant community richness, and soil edaphics. Fungal diversity increased in the rhizosphere of plants growing in polyculture plant communities as compared to monoculture plant communities. Fungal community structure was differentiated between legumes and grasses growing in monoculture but not in polyculture. To specifically monitor fungi in the genus Fusarium in the soil, the protein-coding locus was used to increase phylogenetic resolution and enrich for this taxon. These data show that fungal community richness and structure are strongly linked with plant community dynamics and associated soil edaphic characteristics in these grassland soils.
Prefrontal Wind-Shift Lines in the Plains of the United States

Abstract In the central United States, cold fronts are sometimes preceded by a surface wind shift by several hours. These wind shifts are examined to determine their origins and characteristics. A climatology and a case study of an autumn “prefrontal wind shift” are presented. Data collected by the recently implemented Oklahoma Mesonet and a network of wind profilers permit finescale analyses of the autumn prefrontal wind shift. It is found that prefrontal wind shifts are associated with both lee troughs and drylines. The climatology reveals that in the central United States fronts are most frequently (up to 60% of them) preceded by wind shifts just east of the Rockies, where lee troughs and drylines originate. This paper focuses on a case study of a prefrontal wind shift associated with a lee trough that forms when a front approaches the lee trough. The prefrontal wind shift associated with the lee trough forms in the lee of the mountains but propagates away from the mountains when downslope flow decreas...
Structural mimicry of the α-helix in aqueous solution with an isoatomic α/β/γ-peptide backbone.

Artificial mimicry of α-helices offers a basis for development of protein–protein interaction antagonists. Here we report a new type of unnatural peptidic backbone, containing α-, β-, and γ-amino acid residues in an αγααβα repeat pattern, for this purpose. This unnatural hexad has the same number of backbone atoms as a heptad of α residues. Two-dimensional NMR data clearly establish the formation of an α-helix-like conformation in aqueous solution. The helix formed by our 12-mer α/β/γ-peptide is considerably more stable than the α-helix formed by an analogous 14-mer α-peptide, presumably because of the preorganized β and γ residues employed.
Elastic properties of fluid-saturated fractured rock

We computed P and S-wave velocities of the rock containing fluid (and proppant) filled fractures, considering the effect of extremely slow and dispersive wave propagation within individual fractures. That was made possible by introducing the concept of “effective fracturewave volume” and by evaluating the elastic constants of rock containing a complex fractal network of fractures. We have used these velocities to compute seismic waves reflected normally from a fractured reservoir. The result successfully reproduced the observed low-frequency amplitude anomalies above the reservoir, which supports the validity of the proposed method.
Calcaneus deformity in the ambulant patient with myelomeningocele

We reviewed our experience of tibialis anterior transfer and anterior release for calcaneus deformity in 46 feet of 26 ambulant patients with myelomeningocele. At an average follow-up of 8.4 years (2 to 17.6) there were 89% who had satisfactory results; 64% of the patients having tibialis anterior transfers were able to stand on their toes. Hip abductor power was a good predictor of a functional transfer. Pre-operative trophic ulceration of the heel increased from 3.2% to 33% if surgery was delayed. Secondary deformities, two-thirds of them into valgus, developed in 76% of feet.
32 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND OUTCOME FOLLOWING CARDIAC ARREST.

Background Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths per year in the United States. Despite ongoing resuscitation efforts, survival has remained poor, less than 20% in most communities. Efforts to improve survival require a better understanding of characteristics that influence survival. Factors related to OHCA circumstances or care are well-established determinants of outcome. More recently, surrogate measures of socioeconomic status (SES) as defined by census tract or property values have been related to survival following OHCA. Health disparities related to SES identify a potential opportunity to improve outcome if the disparity can be characterized. To improve our understanding of how SES influences survival following OHCA, we investigated the relationship between traditional measures of SES and well-established predictors of survival following OHCA. We hypothesized that traditional measures of SES would be associated with established circumstance and care predictors of survival. Study Design and Methods This investigation is a retrospective cohort study of OHCA treated by emergency medical services (EMS) between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2004, in King County, WA. Information about each case is abstracted from EMS reports, hospital records, and/or death certificates using a standard data collection form. Measures of SES included race education, marital status, and occupation. We compared the prevalence of these traditional SES measures with established predictors of OHCA (age, citizen CPR, witness status, EMS response interval). Results A total of 1,198 persons suffered OHCA due to heart disease during the study period. Of these, 866 (72.2%) had complete information. In some instances, traditional measures of SES were associated with predictors of survival. For example, citizen CPR was more common among Caucasians (58%) compared with other races (52%). In other instances, traditional SES measures were not associated with predictors of survival. For example, race was not associated with witness status. Conclusion This work begins to delineate the relationship between traditional measures of SES and established predictors of survival following OHCA. Ongoing effort is addressing missing data and incorporating multivariable modeling to best assess the contribution of traditional SES measures.
Means to Improve the Information Quality Service for Farmers by Agriculture Library

This paper has analyzed the current situation of the farmers information quality,and points out the necessity of strengthening the farmer information quality education,also points out the ways of Agriculture libraries in strengthening the farmer information quality education.