cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic Considerations in Forming Consumer Cooperatives and Establishing Pricing and Financing Policies

This study identifies structural features of markets which provide inducements for consumers to form cooperatives, and derives conditions under which consumer welfare is enhanced through cooperation. Market-failure conditions are discussed which may provide consumers with an economic incentive to form cooperatives. Also addressed, through application of a simple game theory model, are issues concerning optimal pricing, financing arrangements and cooperative stability. In this regard, it is shown that prevailing cooperative pricing and financial methods often tend to needlessly restrict output and membership and, consequently, cause unit costs to be higher than necessary in an increasing-returns-to-scale environment, which it is argued, is the typical environment for most consumer cooperatives. Instability, in turn, tends to occur when cooperatives attempt to operate at outputs beyond those associated with minimum average cost because some members may reduce their patronage costs through formation of a new, smaller cooperative.
“The Prognosis Is Poor”: When to Give Up

This chapter begins by defining the success and failure of remediation efforts through three case examples. The author proposes defining a successful remediation as both achieving minimum competency when compared to peers and demonstrating sustained improvement over a period of time. Because not all learners who enter remediation will meet these expectations, the author reviews practical and ethical limitations to remediation and a list of signs that remediation will not be successful and that it is time to stop. Documentation is crucial to convey learner’s deficiencies, justify grades, remedial actions and dismissal, and to protect individuals and institutions from legal action. Comprehensive documentation guidelines and examples are provided. The meaning of the terms academic warning, focused review, and probation are compared and contrasted. Lastly, legal education is provided about due process for medical students and residents. When due process has been served and the institution’s policies are applied without discrimination, the courts have repeatedly upheld academic and disciplinary decisions made by medical school faculty.
Pyridoxine-dependent and pyridoxine-responsive seizures.

Pyridoxine dependency was one of the first genetically mediated seizure disorders to be recognized. However, the biochemical abnormality and gene locus are still unknown. Knowledge about the condition has come from case reports and small clinical series. However, new features are still being recognized both clinically, as well as more predictably, from the application of new imaging techniques. Early onset seizures responsive to pyridoxine exist which do not appear to be the same disorder. In some parts of the world, high-dose pyridoxine is used in the treatment of other major seizure disorders of young children such as West syndrome.
Novel targets in drug design: enzymes in the protein ubiquitylation pathway

Protein ubiquitylation is a pathway by which many proteins are selectively degraded. Its role has been shown in processes such as cell division and differentiation, oncogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, membrane transport and the removal of abnormal proteins. The ubiquitylation pathway enzymes are an insufficiently researched area for drug development. A genetic method has been developed (supported by computational biology) to identify potentially useful small molecules that will have a positive impact on our battle against cancer and other diseases. In silico screening is used for initial selection of drug-like compounds. This method is based on docking three-dimensional chemical libraries onto the target enzyme’s functional site for initial screens using a computational scheme, followed by genetic and in vivo methods for hit optimisation. Focus has been on using the ubiquitin conjugation pathway as target for therapeutic intervention against cancer and potent inhibitors of ubiquitylation subpathways have ...
Differential regulation of junctional complex assembly in renal epithelial cell lines

Several signaling pathways that regulate tight junction and adherens junction assembly are being characterized. Calpeptin activates stress fiber assembly in fibroblasts by inhibiting SH2-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), thereby activating Rho-GTPase signaling. Here, we have examined the effects of calpeptin on stress fiber and junctional complex assembly in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and LLC-PK epithelial cells. Calpeptin induced disassembly of stress fibers and inhibition of Rho GTPase activity in MDCK cells. Interestingly, calpeptin augmented stress fiber formation in LLC-PK epithelial cells. Calpeptin treatment of MDCK cells resulted in a displacement of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin from cell-cell junctions and a loss of phosphotyrosine on ZO-1 and ZO-2, without any detectable effect on tight junction permeability. Surprisingly, calpeptin increased paracellular permeability in LLC-PK cells even though it did not affect tight junction assembly. Calpeptin also modulated adherens junction assembly in MDCK cells but not in LLC-PK cells. Calpeptin treatment of MDCK cells induced redistribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin from intercellular junctions and reduced the association of p120ctn with the E-cadherin/catenin complex. Together, our studies demonstrate that calpeptin differentially regulates stress fiber and junctional complex assembly in MDCK and LLC-PK epithelial cells, indicating that these pathways may be regulated in a cell line-specific manner.
Sexual Relationship Power, Intimate Partner Violence, and Condom Use Among Minority Urban Girls

This study examined the association between sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, and condom use among African American and Hispanic urban girls. In this sample of 56 sexually active girls, 50% did not use condoms consistently and therefore were at higher risk for acquiring HIV or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Teens who experienced more intimate partner violence had a significantly higher likelihood of inconsistent condom use and therefore a greater risk for HIV/STDs. Girls' sense of sexual control in their relationships was not directly associated with inconsistent condom use but was inversely related to verbal and emotional abuse. Interventions aimed at reducing HIV/STD risk for adolescent girls need to address patterns of dominance and control in adolescent relationships as well as multiple forms of partner violence. This suggests the need for multilevel intervention approaches that promote girls' agency and multiple ways to keep girls safe from perpetrators of partner abuse.
Cadmium ion soaking treatment and defect characterizations of hydrazine processed CISS photovoltaic cells

Solution-processed CuInS x Se 2−x (CISS) solar cells are becoming an important research field. In addition to the promising device performance, this unique process will enable low cost and high throughput fabrication methods. We have previously demonstrated a hydrazine based CuInS x Se 2−x solar cell fabrication approach with a maximum heating temperature of 390°C. In the present work, we introduce a cadmium ion soaking step into the fabrication process. This step significantly improves the open circuit voltage of the devices as well as the diode reverse saturation current and series resistance. We have studied the defect behavior in cadmium ion treated devices with several characterization techniques, including admittance spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage profiling and drive level capacitance profiling. We find that the cadmium ion soaking process can increase the charge carrier concentration in the bulk of the absorber, and reduce the activation energy of the most significant defect level present within the material.
Minimizing multi-hop wireless routing state under application-based accuracy constraints

Provisioning of rich routing building blocks to mobile ad-hoc networking applications has been of high interest. Several MANET applications need flexibility in describing paths their traffic will follow. To accommodate this need, previous work has proposed several viable routing schemes such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Trajectory-Based Routing (TBR). However, tradeoffs involved in the interaction of these routing schemes and the application-specific requirements have not been explored. Especially, techniques to help the application to do the right routing choices are much needed. We consider techniques that minimize routing protocol state costs under application-based constraints. We study the constraint of ldquoaccuracyrdquo of the applicationpsilas desired route, as this constraint provides a range of choices to the applications. As a crucial part of this optimization framework, we investigate the tradeoff between the packet header size and the network state. We, then, apply our framework to the case of TBR with application-based accuracy constraints in obeying a given trajectory. We begin with simple discrete models to clarify the tradeoff between packet header size and network state. We show that the problem of accurate representation of a trajectory with the objective of minimizing the cost incurred due to header size and network state is difficult to solve optimally. Finally, we develop heuristics solving this problem and illustrate their performance.
Herlyn Werner Wunderlich syndrome: an unusual presentation of acute vaginal pain.

Abstract Background Herlyn Werner Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWS) is a congenital abnormality of the Mullerian duct system resulting in uterovaginal duplication, obstructive hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. It typically presents shortly after menarche with gradual onset of progressive pelvic pain. Case Report We report a case of a 19-year-old female who presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset of severe vaginal pain that was determined to be due to hematocolpos; imaging confirmed the diagnosis of HWWS. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge abrupt onset of vaginal pain due to HWWS has not been reported previously. We present this case to increase awareness among emergency physicians of this rare and interesting entity.
Structured design of microelectromechanical systems

In order to efficiently design complex microelectromechanicalsystems (MEMS) having large numbers of multi-domain components,a hierarchically structured design approach that iscompatible with standard IC design is needed. A graphical-basedschematic, or structural, view is presented as a geometrically intuitiveway to represent MEMS as a set of interconnected lumped-parameterelements. An initial library focuses on suspended-MEMStechnology from which inertial sensors and other mechanicalmechanisms can be designed. The schematic representationhas a simulation interface enabling the designer to simulate thedesign at the component level. Synthesis of MEMS cells for commontopologies provides the system designer with rapid, optimizedcomponent layout and associated macro-models. Asynthesis module is developed for the popular folded-flexuremicromechanical resonator topology. The algorithm minimizes acombination of total layout area and voltage applied to the electromechanicalactuators. Synthesis results clearly show the designlimits of behavioral parameters such as resonant frequency for afixed process technology.
Adaptive mate-guarding by males of Ontholestes cingulatus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Males of the staphylinid beetle Ontholestes cingulatusremain close by their mates following copulation while the mated females oviposit. The hypothesis that male behavior constitutes adaptive mate-guarding was tested by examining three predictions: (1) receptive females would be scarce, (2) some females would mate multiply, and (3) males that stayed with their mates would often be able to repel rivals intent on takeovers. All three predictions were confirmed. These results and additional comparative evidence suggest that postcopulatory associations have evolved in the Staphylinidae only when the reproductive costs of this form of mate-guarding are outweighed by its benefits.
Understanding use errors for medical devices: Analysis of the MAUDE database

Use error is a type of error in a system wherein a user’s actions—or lack of actions— result in a different outcome than intended, possibly resulting in an adverse event. Use error in medicine is especially important, as adverse events can result in life-critical situations. Studies investigating use error have been conducted using databases of medical adverse events (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database of adverse events related to device usage). However, these studies are limited by being specific to a context of use (e.g., drug delivery pumps in anesthesia). Therefore, this study investigated use error for medical devices across all contexts of use through a systematic search of the MAUDE database. We found that use error 1) is reported across many sub-fields and contexts of medicine; 2) is associated with many steps in the device usage process; 3) occurs during device operation by both lay users and health professi...
Elastic Field of a Shear Dislocation Loop in an Anisotropic Hexagonal Crystal by the Green's Function Method

Analytical expressions for the components of displacement and stress around a circular shear dislocation loop in the basal plane of an anisotropic hexagonal crystal are derived by the Green's function method. The components of displacement are obtained in terms of surface integrals over the area of the loop of the partial derivatives of the Green's function. It is shown that the surface integrals can be expressed in terms of Lipschitz-Hankel integrals for a shear, as well as for a prismatic, dislocation loop. Calculations have been carried out in the case of graphite and the results are presented graphically by means of contour plots. In agreement with previous results on the prismatic dislocation loop, the most noticeable effect of crystal anisotropy is to reduce the magnitude of stresses and the displacement components parallel to the basal plane around a shear dislocation loop. The method can be extended to problems of anisotropic elasticity of non-basal dislocation loops. Mit Hilfe der Methode der Greenschen Funktionen werden analytische Ausdrucke fur die Verschiebungen und Krafte berechnet, die um einen runden Versetzungsring mit reinem Schercharakter in anisotropen hexagonalen Kristallen auftreten. Die Verschiebungskomponenten ergeben sich in Form von Integralen entlang der Flache des Versetzungsrings uber die partiellen Ableitungen der Greenschen Funktionen. Die Oberflachenintegrale konnen sowohl fur Versetzungsringe mit Schercharakter als auch fur prismatische Versetzungsringe durch Lipschitz-Hankel-Integrale ausgedruckt werden. Ergebnisse fur Graphit werden in Form von Hohenliniendiagrammen dargestellt. Ubereinstimmend mit fruheren Resultaten an prismatischen Versetzungsringen liegt der am meisten bemerkenswerte Effekt der Kristallanisotropie in einer Erniedrigung der Krafte und Verschiebungen um den Ring in Richtung parallel zur Basisebene des hexagonalen Gitters. Die angegebene Methode kann auch auf Versetzungsringe ausgedehnt werden, die nicht in der hexagonalen Basisebene liegen.
The oil game: Man-machine simulation of competitive bidding

The Oil Game models the environment of competitive bidding for offshore oil and gas tracts. It utilizes the capabilities for man/machine interaction of the Laboratory at Berkeley; its objective is to study the economic consequences of having the government set alternative leasing policies. Policies which are readily simulated include royalty vs. lump sum ("bonus") bidding; prohibition or encouragement of bidding syndicates; public vs. private information provision, and other alternative policies which have attracted government and industry attention here and abroad. By observing a large number of outcomes of the game, implications of alternative oil leasing policies can be derived for environments whose complexity effectively precludes analytical solution.
A statistical model for foward scattering of waves off a rough surface

Using methods of physical optics, a statistical description of the scattering of waves off a rough surface is obtained. The rough surface is assumed to consist of a large number of independent point scatterers which fluctuate randomly in vertical position and also disappear and appear at random. The surface is divided into cells so that no more than one scatterer can occupy a cell, and the events in any two different cells are independent of each other. The average scattered signal, the mean square fluctuation, and the time covariance of the fluctuating portion of the signal are computed in terms of the mean-square scatterer height, the grazing angle, the radiation wavelength, the decay time for disappearance of scatterers, the time autocorrelation of a scatterer height, and the a priori probability of finding a given cell occupied by a scatterer.
Lifetimes of excited states in115In using a Ge(Li) detector

The half-lives of excited states in115In at 829 and 864 keV have been measured by the method of delayed coincidence between β-radiation, detected by a plastic scintillator, and the corresponding γ-radiation, detected by a high-resolution Ge(Li) detector. A half-life of (5.78±0.06) ns is uniquely assigned to the 829 keV level, and one of (0.91±0.03) ns to the 864 keV level, on the basis of three methods of data analysis.
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of an Immature Necrotic Molar with Arrested Root Development by Using Recombinant Human Platelet-derived Growth Factor: A Case Report.

Regenerative endodontic treatment has provided a treatment option that aims to allow root maturation. The present report describes the regenerative endodontic treatment of a necrotic, immature molar by using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) and shows the continued root maturation in the tooth with arrested root development. A regenerative endodontic procedure that used a growth factor was performed for a necrotic molar with arrested root formation in a 20-year-old patient. Thorough disinfection by using mechanical instrumentation and copious irrigation of antimicrobial agents as well as intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide was performed throughout the first 2 appointments. At the third appointment, the root canals were irrigated with an antimicrobial solution and 17% EDTA, and bleeding was evoked by passing sterile paper points beyond the apex in each canal. Small pieces of a collagen membrane saturated with rhPDGF-BB solution from GEM 21S were packed into each canal. Mineral trioxide aggregate was placed, and Cavit and composite resin were used to restore the tooth. Complete root maturation and resolution of a periapical radiolucency were observed at the 15-month follow-up. The present report presents a regenerative endodontic procedure that uses rhPDGF-BB for a necrotic molar with arrested root development. The finding of continued root development in the present case suggests that regenerative endodontic treatment may be able to resume the root maturation process in teeth with arrested root formation. Further clinical studies are required to investigate the efficacy of rhPDGF-BB in regenerative endodontic treatment.
Modeling, optimization and control of resin flow during manufacturing of textile composites with liquid molding

Publisher Summary Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes are commonly used to manufacture polymer–textile composites because of their low equipment and tooling costs, low pressure requirements, short cycle times, and ability to yield net-shape parts. Some variations of LCM processes are Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), Resin Infusion Process (RIP), and Seemann Composites Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP). LCM processes include three basic steps. This chapter highlights these steps and discusses exclusively the mold filing step. It presents the model of flow through porous media, introduces Liquid Injection Molding Simulation (LIMS), software that is used to simulate resin flow in the mold cavity, and presents a summary of its utilization in design, optimization and control studies. The chapter also presents a method to optimize injection gate location, introduces the disturbances associated with the mold filling process, and explains the major disturbance, racetracking, and the use of feedback control to offset the adverse effects of racetracking on the mold filling process. It further presents a passive control method to minimize the defect content in the composite parts and identifies the potential future research directions.
Cocaine Use and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults.

Background and Purpose— Although case reports have long identified a temporal association between cocaine use and ischemic stroke (IS), few epidemiological studies have examined the association of cocaine use with IS in young adults, by timing, route, and frequency of use. Methods— A population-based case–control study design with 1090 cases and 1154 controls was used to investigate the relationship of cocaine use and young-onset IS. Stroke cases were between the ages of 15 and 49 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cocaine use and IS with and without adjustment for potential confounders. Results— Ever use of cocaine was not associated with stroke with 28% of cases and 26% of controls reporting ever use. In contrast, acute cocaine use in the previous 24 hours was strongly associated with increased risk of stroke (age–sex–race adjusted odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–18.6). Among acute users, the smoking route had an adjusted odds ratio of 7.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.8–35.0), whereas the inhalation route had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.7–16.9). After additional adjustment for current alcohol, smoking use, and hypertension, the odds ratio for acute cocaine use by any route was 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.7–19.7). Of the 26 patients with cocaine use within 24 hours of their stroke, 14 reported use within 6 hours of their event. Conclusions— Our data are consistent with a causal association between acute cocaine use and risk of early-onset IS.
AT-07A PHASE II STUDY OF LAPATINIB AND DOSE-DENSE TEMOZOLOMIDE (TMZ) FOR ADULTS WITH RECURRENT EPENDYMOMA: PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES (PRO) FROM A CERN CLINICAL TRIAL.

BACKGROUND: Ependymoma is an uncommon primary CNS tumor in adults, with no standardized treatment at recurrence. Little is known of the symptom burden associated with potential treatments. CERN-0802 combined lapatinib (targets ErbB1, ErbB2) with dose-dense temozolomide for patients with recurrent disease. METHODS: Adults (≥18), KPS ≥70, with centrally confirmed ependymoma participated. Evaluation including imaging and patient reported outcomes measure (PRO:MDASI-Brain or MDASI-Spine) every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was median progression free survival (PFS); secondary objectives included change in symptom burden. Linear mixed models were fitted to determine if there were significant changes in symptom reports over the treatment course. Analyses were performed for patients with disease progression against those without progression at or before cycle 6. For each model, a symptom was specified as the dependent variable with KPS and treatment cycle as fixed effect factors. Slopes associated with cycles were tabulated and compared. RESULTS: Forty three of fifty patients participated. Overall symptom burden did not significantly worsen during treatment. Baseline mean symptom severity comparisons showed no difference except worse vomiting and vision changes in those who progressed early. Slopes derived from the linear mixed models showed that fatigue, drowsy, dry mouth and spine tumor-related weakness significantly worsened for those who had disease progression at cycle 6 with the majority of symptoms trending for greater severity in those with progression. Although symptom interference was not significantly worse in those who progressed, the trend was in the expected direction. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective clinical trial that documents the symptoms experienced by patients with recurrent ependymoma who received lapatinib and dose-dense temozolomide. Findings support that there is symptom benefit with disease control associated with treatment response. Monitoring symptom burden has provided an important dimension to the interpretation of results of this clinical trial.
Facilitating Repositioning in Bed

Repositioning patients in bed presents an occupational hazard to direct care nursing staff. Much research has been conducted in the area of safe patient handling and movement. However, little progress has been made in reducing risks associated with patient repositioning, especially pulling patients toward the head of the bed. This laboratory study investigated risk reduction achieved by introducing the gravity assist feature into bed system design for post-acute health care. Through the application of gravity assist, the amount of work required to reposition a simulated 200-pound patient was reduced by 67%. This reduction in work should reduce some of the occupational risk for nurses.
A Remedy for Managing the Complexity in Teaching about Muslims and Islam

I’ve been walking around my campus carrying Liz Jackson’s Muslims and Islam in U.S. Education: Reconsidering Multiculturalism for several weeks and I am invariably stopped and asked about it at lea...
Creativity in Ethical Reasoning

Two of the most creative and well-known studies ever done in psychology involved placing participants in ethically challenging situations. One experiment, originally conducted over a period of years in the 1960s by Stanley Milgram (see Milgram, 2010), asked participants to shock a” learner” in what was purported to be a verbal learning experiment. Unbeknown to the subjects, the shocks were fake and never delivered. The other experiment, conducted in 1971 by Philip Zimbardo (see Zimbardo, 2008), randomly divided subjects into guards and prisoners. In short order, the guards started acting like true prison guards with a sadistic streak, and the prisoners started acting like true prisoners cowed by those guards.
A zinc tolerance test

Abstract Zinc sulfate, at 220 mg dosage, was given by mouth to 16 control subjects and a group of 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis to compare the increase in serum zinc and evaluate the urinary zinc excretion. The medication was given when the subjects were fasting. Blood was drawn at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hr, and urine was collected for a 24 hr period prior to and following the ingestion of zinc. In control subjects taking the 220 mg zinc sulfate dosage, serum zinc rose from 99 μ g/dl to a peak of 280 μ g/dl at 2 hr and was 145 μg/dl at 6 hr. Urine zinc excretion was increased over the pre-zinc values. Cirrhotic patients had lower fasting zinc levels and exhibited much less increase at 2 and 4 hr. The fasting mean value of 54 μg/dl increased to 98 μg/dl, and at the 6 hr period the serum zinc had returned to the fasting level. Urinary excretion was increased if pre-zinc excretion was normal but remained unchanged if the pre-zinc specimen contained large amounts of zinc. Nine postsurgical patients with delayed healing were similarly studied. The fasting serum zinc levels were normal. Following the zinc sulfate, minimal increases were noted during 6 hr, and there was no appreciable evidence of increased urinary zinc excretion. In each group the copper, calcium, and magnesium levels remained essentially constant during the period of increased serum zinc levels. A zinc tolerance determination of this kind may be of value in differentiating clinical entities in which zinc deficiency may occur.
Distinction between normal and neoplastic human cells and tissues by infrared microspectroscopy

This contribution is aimed at introducing a new spectroscopic endeavor, infrared spec-troscopy of entire cells and tissues, and demonstrating that this field has enormous potential as a diagnostic tool in medicine and cell biology.
Construction of explicitly correlated geminal-projected particle-hole creation operators for many-electron systems using the diagrammatic factorization approach

The computational cost of performing a configuration interaction (CI) calculation for treating electron-electron correlation is directly proportional to the number of terms in the CI expansion. In this work, we present a diagrammatic projection approach for a priori identification of noncontributing terms in a CI expansion. This method known as the geminal-projected configuration interaction (GP-CI) method is based on using a two-body R12 geminal operator for describing electron-electron correlation in a reference many-electron wave function. The diagrammatic projection procedure was performed by first deriving the Hugenholtz diagrams of the energy expression of the R12 reference wave function and then performing diagrammatic factorization of effective particle-hole creation operators. The projection operation, which is a functional of the geminal function, was defined and used for the construction of the geminal-projected particle-hole creation operators. The form of the two-body R12 geminal operator was derived analytically by imposing an approximate Kato cusp condition. A linear combination of the geminal-projected one-particle one-hole and two-particle two-hole operators were used for the construction of the GP-CI wave function. The applicability and implementation of the diagrammatic projection method was demonstrated by performing proof-of-concept calculations on an isoelectronic series of 10 electron systems: ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{HF}$, and $\mathrm{Ne}$. The results from the calculations show that compared to conventional CI calculations, the GP-CI method was able to substantially reduce the size of the CI space (by a factor of 6--9) while maintaining an accuracy of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ Hartrees for the ground-state energies. These results demonstrate the ability of the diagrammatic projection procedure to identify noncontributing states using an analytical form of the R12 geminal correlator operator. The geminal-projection method was also applied to second-order M\o{}ller-Plesset perturbation theory (GP-MP2) giving similar results to the GP-CI method in terms of reduction of the double excitation space and accuracy to the ground-state energy. This work also extends the analytical derivation of the geminal-projected particle-hole creation operators that were used for the construction of the CI wave function to coupled-cluster theory (GP-CCSD). This general derivation can also be applied to other many-electron theories and multideterminant quantum Monte Carlo calculations.
Jerome K. Bauduy: The Forgotten Father of St. Louis Neurology (P05.258)

OBJECTIVE: To reintroduce and examine the contributions of a forgotten early figure in American neurology, Jerome K. Bauduy (1842-1914) of St. Louis. BACKGROUND: The decades after the Civil War witnessed the birth of American neurology. Among the earliest American neurology textbooks was Bauduy9s "Diseases of the Nervous System," published in 1876. Born to a wealthy French family on a Cuban coffee plantation, Bauduy grew up in Philadelphia, where his father practiced medicine. Prepared at Georgetown and University of Louvain, he obtained his medical degree from Jefferson Medical College in 1863 and immediately volunteered as surgeon with the Union Army. After the war Bauduy relocated to St. Louis and quickly became physician-in-chief of the St. Vincent Hospital for the Insane and chair of Diseases of Mind and the Nervous System at Missouri Medical College. He taught neurology and psychiatry for 30 years before ending his career as emeritus professor at Washington University. During this period Bauduy published two editions of his textbook and several notable papers on neurological and psychiatric medicine. DESIGN/METHODS: Bauduy9s available published works were reviewed, including both editions (1876, 1890) of his textbook on diseases of the nervous system and his several key papers. Additional information was gleaned from contemporary newspaper and biographical accounts. RESULTS: Bauduy9s papers contain early contributions on medicolegal aspects of epilepsy (1870); multiple sclerosis (1875); treatment outcomes in over 1,000 cases of alcoholism (1880, 1899); and the use of cocaine in the treatment of melancholia (1885), the latter of which he read at the inaugural meeting of the American Neurological Society. The two editions of his textbook were up-to-date synopses of clinical neurology that reflected his careful scholarship. Tragically Bauduy died under unclear circumstances in an asylum in Buffalo in 1914. CONCLUSIONS: Bauduy9s published works canvassed the field of nascent American neurology and are largely forgotten today. Disclosure: Dr. Sommerville has nothing to disclose.
Textual Substitution Techniques for Data Compression

With many types of networks (e.g., distributed computing, electronic mail, etc.) communication channels are relatively slow. The ability to put large amounts of processing power on a single chip promises to make sophisticated data compression algorithms truly practical. A data encoding/decoding chip can be placed at the ends of every communication channel, with no computational overhead incurred by the communicating processes. Similarly, secondary storage space can be increased by hardware that (invisible to the user) performs data compression. For the purposes of this paper, data compression refers to transforming a string of characters to another (presumable shorter) string, from which it is possible to recover (exactly) the original string at some point later in time. This paper surveys research on data compression methods that employ textual substitution.
Evaluation of the Prevalence and Effectiveness of Education on Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the prevalence of and types of education methods provided to participants who use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), (2) to determine the prevalence of MDI misuse in adults using objective and subjective assessments, and (3) to determine whether any associations exist between the education method and the participant9s ability to properly use an MDI. METHODS: Adult participants who had a current or previous history of MDI use were recruited from retail pharmacies and physician offices in Laurens County, South Carolina. Exclusion criteria included the use of an MDI spacer, inability to speak/understand English, or current acute respiratory illness. Participants completed a survey regarding inhaler use and previous education, a subjective checklist assessment by demonstrating use of an MDI, and an objective assessment by using the Aerosol Inhalation Monitor (AIM). RESULTS: Of 100 participants, 25% reported never having received education about inhaler technique, and 94% were found to have insufficient MDI technique. No association between the method of education and successful MDI technique with the AIM was identified (P = .31). Participants were less likely to correctly use the AIM if they missed >3 steps in the subjective assessment. (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS: Although most participants received inhaler education, inhaler misuse was very common. No associations were found regarding method of education and proper inhaler technique.
Role of silica nanoparticles on network formation and properties in thermoset polycarbonate based nanocomposites

Abstract Nanocomposites based on thermoset polycarbonate and fumed silica nanoparticles were prepared by radical in situ polymerization. To avoid nanoparticle agglomeration, silica nanoparticles modified with a vinyl end capped silane agent were also used. The effect of silica particles and silica surface modification on the extent of polymerization and network density was evaluated. Silica nanoparticles reduced the amount of soluble oligomeric species forming during the diallyl carbonate polymerization and this was particularly pronounced in the case of modified silica. Nevertheless, the participation of surface modifier reactive groups to polymerization also caused a lower polycarbonate network density. SEM analysis showed that the proposed interfacial strategy was effective to control nanoparticle dispersion; no agglomeration phenomena were observed using modified silica. Nanocomposites preserved the polycarbonate stiffness while a toughness increase was recorded with the addition of neat silica. Particularly interesting was the effect of nanoparticles on the improvement of the abrasion resistance of the polycarbonate thus overcoming one of the drawback of this material.
Searching For Memory: The Brain, The Mind, And The Past

* Introduction: Memorys Fragile Power * On Remembering: A Telescope Pointed at Time * Building Memories: Encoding and Retrieving the Present and the Past * Of Time and Autobiography * Reflections in a Curved Mirror: Memory Distortion * Vanishing Traces: Amnesia and the Brain * The Hidden World of Implicit Memory * Emotional Memories: When the Past Persists * Islands in the Fog: Psychogenic Amnesia * The Memory Wars: Seeking Truth in the Line of Fire * Stories of Elders
The Coding Question

Recent electrophysiological results imply that the duration of the stimulus onset asynchrony in eyeblink conditioning is encoded by a mechanism intrinsic to the cerebellar Purkinje cell. This raises the general question – how is quantitative information (durations, distances, rates, probabilities, amounts, etc.) transmitted by spike trains and encoded into engrams? The usual assumption is that information is transmitted by firing rates. However, rate codes are energetically inefficient and computationally awkward. A combinatorial code is more plausible. If the engram consists of altered synaptic conductances (the usual assumption), then we must ask how numbers may be written to synapses. It is much easier to formulate a coding hypothesis if the engram is realized by a cell-intrinsic molecular mechanism.
Reduction and Approximation of Stochastic Petri Nets with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Modules

Abstract Motivated by the success of reduction methods for analysis of ordinary Petri nets, researchers have produced significant results for reduction of generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN). Based on single-input single-output modular reduction, they, however, are not applicable to highly interacting discrete event systems. This paper presents a more generalized method based on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modules. It formulates concepts of MIMO modules, associated nets, and equivalent throughput nets and then presents rules and procedure for approximation of GSPN. The method is illustrated through a flexible manufacturing system.
Efficiency and Longevity of Two Commercial Sex Pheromone Lures for Indianmeal Moth and Almond Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Two commercially available sex pheromone lures, a rubber septum and a controlled release membrane, that were impregnated with (Z,E)-9-12-tetradecadien-1-yl-acetate, were tested for efficiency and l...
An Add-on End-to-end Secure Email Solution in Mobile Communications

Many attacks, scams, and malware threats are based on or spread through emails nowadays. Although people have been fighting against them with technical and legal measures for many years, the situation is not mitigated but seems getting worse and worse, especially in the era of mobile computing. We attribute this to lack of end-to-end security solutions for emails in current Internet infrastructure. In this paper, we propose an add-on end-to-end solution for email security. It is based on idea of trust chain from sender to receiver, which spans multiple domains and organizations without requirement of a uniform platform. The solution is add-on, which means that it can be implemented on top of existing protocols as an optional component, without replacing email servers and routers in the Internet infrastructure. The solution provides end-to-end authentication and integrity for its users, which is hard to achieve in existing works.
Central Nervous System (CNS) Medications and Delirium

Delirium is a condition of acute and reversible confusion characterized by fluctuation, inattention, disorganized thinking, and an altered level of consciousness. The instrument most commonly used to assess delirium in the acute setting is the confusion assessment method or CAM. The CAM has been validated against geriatric psychiatrists’ ratings using DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised; American Psychiatric Association [APA] 1987) criteria and has been shown to have sensitivity between 94% and 100% and specificity between 90% and 95% (Inouye et al. 1990). It is based on DSM-III (APA 1980) and DSM-IV (APA 1994) criteria for delirium (Table 1) and assesses four features of delirium:
Reactions of phosphoric acid in the autoxidation of fats

At the elevated temperatures used in accelerated stability tests phosphoric acid was shown to react with fatty peroxides in such a manner as to prevent their estimation by the usual iodometric methods. A dark, phosphorus-containing precipitate formed, which was apparently polymeric in nature.
Inhibition of isoprenylation synergizes with MAPK blockade to prevent growth in treatment‐resistant melanoma, colorectal, and lung cancer

This study evaluates the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, as an adjunctive to BRAF and MEK inhibition as a treatment in melanomas and other tumors with driver mutations in the MAPK pathway. Experiments used simvastatin in conjunction with vemurafenib and selumetinib in vitro and simvastatin with vemurafenib in vivo to demonstrate additional growth abrogation beyond MAPK blockade alone. Additional studies demonstrated that statin anti-tumor effects appeared to depend on inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis given rescue with add-back of downstream metabolites. Ultimately, we concluded that statins represent a possible useful adjunctive therapy in MAPK-driven tumors when given with current approved targeted therapy.
Preventing 'Going Dark': A Sober Analysis and Reasonable Solution to Preserve Security in the Encryption Debate

The encryption debate over whether there should be a lawful access requirement has re-emerged in recent years with major security implications. This debate has become part of the larger discussion about balancing changing technological capabilities, national security threats, and the evolution of society’s sense of privacy. Although this is an important area of legal policy, unfortunately, thus far the opposing sides of this issue have been unwilling to engage in meaningful deliberations with those on the other side. This Article thoroughly analyzes the legitimate arguments that exist on both sides with the aim of finding a reasonable solution to the encryption debate. Law enforcement and intelligence officials fear that they may not be able to prevent terrorist attacks or conduct criminal investigations and prosecute criminal activity without access to communications. Thus, law enforcement and intelligence agencies have advocated for a lawful access requirement to mandate that companies maintain access to users’ communications and data, and provide law enforcement or intelligence agencies with that access upon receipt of a lawful order. However, there are serious concerns that a mandated lawful access requirement would increase users’ vulnerability to various cyber-threats, and would decrease the market share and economic viability of U.S. companies. Also, this debate over whether there should be a lawful access requirement has privacy and civil liberties implications in the U.S. and around the world. Ultimately, the U.S. should mandate a lawful access requirement, and it is technologically feasible to securely achieve this. This will enable law enforcement and intelligence agencies to continue pursuing their security missions in an effective manner, while maintaining cybersecurity and U.S. companies’ market share and economic viability.
Pharmacological activation of the nuclear receptor REV-ERB reverses cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease currently lacks treatment options that effectively reverse the biological/anatomical pathology and cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Loss of function of the nuclear receptor REV-ERB is associated with reduced cognitive function in mouse models. The effect of enhanced REV-ERB activity on cognitive function has not been examined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced REV-ERB function may enhance cognitive function in a model of Alzheimer’s disease. We utilized the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 to pharmacologically activate the activity of REV-ERB in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. SR9009 reversed cognitive dysfunction of an aged SAMP8 mouse in several behavioral assays including novel object recognition, T-maze foot shock avoidance, and lever press operant conditioning task assessments. SR9009 treatment reduced amyloid-β 1–40 and 1–42 levels in the cortex, which is consistent with improved cognitive function. Furthermore, SR9009 treatment led to increased hippocampal PSD-95, cortical synaptophysin expression and the number of synapses suggesting improvement in synaptic function. We conclude that REV-ERB is a potential target for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Strategies for tricuspid valve repair

Tricuspid valve repair is in many ways more challenging than mitral valve repair, especially since tricuspid valve anatomy is more complex with three leaflets, a saddle-shaped dynamic annulus and a complex subvalvular apparatus. The late referral of patients for tricuspid valve surgery adds to this challenge and contributes to poor prognosis. Nevertheless, studies have shown that the presence of moderate or greater tricuspid valve regurgitation leads to poor survival. Consequently, tricuspid valve surgery is now being performed more often, in order to improve the quality of life and survival. Tricuspid valve disease can be broadly classified into congenital and acquired tricuspid valve pathologies. Various repair techniques besides simple annular reduction maneuvers are used which are primarily aimed at restoring the complex interplay of various anatomical components. This review is a summary of the various operative techniques which provide successful reproducible results and achieve a competent and durable tricuspid valve repair with satisfactory late outcomes.
Commonsense Views of Memory and Learning Obtained from Philosophy

The earliest understandings of memory, learning, and higher function were acquired by direct observation and based on common sense. Reflection followed observation and led to the elaboration of philosophies. As philosophy progressed, the need for better understanding of the biological processes supporting memory, learning, and higher function was recognized. This conclusion followed the realization that these processes were interdependent. The biological processes of memory and learning influenced higher functions such as thought, and higher functions, in turn, governed our conceptualization of the processes of memory and learning.