cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous interpolation of the quadratic map and intrinsic tiling of the interiors of Julia sets

This work reports several observations concerning the dynamics of a continuous interpolate, forward and backward, of the quadratic map of the complex plane. In the difficult limit case |λ| = 1, the dynamics is known to have rich structures that depend on whether arg λ/2π is rational or a Siegel number. This paper establishes that these structures, a counterpart for |λ| < 1, are an intrinsic tiling that covers the interior of a f-set and rules the Schroder interpolation of the forward dynamics, its intrinsic inverse, and the periodic or chaotic limit properties of the intrinsic inverse.
Thinking Deeply, Thinking Emotionally: How High School Students Make Sense of Evidence

This mixed-methods study analyzed adolescents’ evaluation of the trustworthiness of different kinds of evidence and their reasons for why they trusted (or did not trust) them. Specifically, we anal...
JAAD Grand Rounds quiz. A woman with new onset, plate-like scaling.

Instructions: In answering each question, refer to the specific directions provided. Because it is often necessary to provide information occurring later in a series that give away answers to earlier questions, please answer the questions in each series in sequence.
Abdominal apoplexy: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Summary o 1. Two cases of abdominal apoplexy successfully managed are reported with the microscopic findings in one case interpreted as showing an underlying lesion in the media and strongly suggesting rupture of a thrombosed aneurysm. 2. Eighty-one collected cases and two from my experience are reviewed to indicate the age incidence, characteristic symptoms and findings, and vessels responsible for bleeding. 3. Sixty-six cases in which operation was performed are summarized including the preoperative diagnoses, operative findings, and mortality. 4. There were thirty-seven deaths (44.6 per cent) in the eighty-three collected cases. Of sixty-six patients operated on, twenty died (30.3 per cent mortality). If the bleeding source was controlled, only three of thirty-two died (8.6 per cent). The bleeding source was not found in twenty-five and fourteen died (56 per cent). 5. It is mandatory that the bleeding source, which may be intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal, be located and controlled. 6. It is urged that all aneurysms involving the splanchnic vessels be resected prophylactically.
REM deprivation but not sleep fragmentation produces a sex-specific impairment in extinction

Abstract REM sleep is essential for learning and memory processes, particularly emotional learning. Manipulations of REM sleep impair learning and memory and sleep architecture is often altered following a learning experience; for example, short term REM deprivation immediately after fear conditioning results in impaired extinction. In light of research demonstrating sex-dependent differences in fear conditioning as well as differences in sleep architecture, the present study investigated the effects of short term REM deprivation on the extinction of conditioned fear in male and female rats. In addition, given evidence that sleep fragmentation, which is a consequence of REM deprivation, can negatively impact learning and memory, this manipulation was compared to REM deprivation and a control condition. Male and female rats were exposed to fear conditioning followed by 6 h of REM deprivation, sleep fragmentation, or a control condition. Two extinction sessions were conducted at 48 h intervals after conditioning. REM deprivation, but not sleep fragmentation or the control condition, impaired extinction of conditioned fear. However, this effect was seen only in male rats. This study is the first to explore the effects of sleep manipulations on memory in female rats and suggests that female rats are more resilient to the deleterious effects of REM deprivation. In addition, it demonstrates that REM deprivation but not fragmentation of sleep is responsible for impairment in extinction of conditioned fear.
Analyzing Privacy Policies at Scale: From Crowdsourcing to Automated Annotations

Website privacy policies are often long and difficult to understand. While research shows that Internet users care about their privacy, they do not have the time to understand the policies of every website they visit, and most users hardly ever read privacy policies. Some recent efforts have aimed to use a combination of crowdsourcing, machine learning, and natural language processing to interpret privacy policies at scale, thus producing annotations for use in interfaces that inform Internet users of salient policy details. However, little attention has been devoted to studying the accuracy of crowdsourced privacy policy annotations, how crowdworker productivity can be enhanced for such a task, and the levels of granularity that are feasible for automatic analysis of privacy policies. In this article, we present a trajectory of work addressing each of these topics. We include analyses of crowdworker performance, evaluation of a method to make a privacy-policy oriented task easier for crowdworkers, a coarse-grained approach to labeling segments of policy text with descriptive themes, and a fine-grained approach to identifying user choices described in policy text. Together, the results from these efforts show the effectiveness of using automated and semi-automated methods for extracting from privacy policies the data practice details that are salient to Internet users’ interests.
Flexible digital authentication techniques

This dissertation investigates authentication techniques in some emerging areas. Specifically, authentication schemes have been proposed that are well-suited for embedded systems, and privacy-respecting pay Web sites. With embedded systems, a person could own several devices which are capable of communication and interaction, but these devices use embedded processors whose computational capabilities are limited as compared to desktop computers. Examples of this scenario include entertainment devices or appliances owned by a consumer, multiple control and sensor systems in an automobile or airplane, and environmental controls in a building. An efficient public key cryptosystem has been devised, which provides a complete solution to an embedded system, including protocols for authentication, authenticated key exchange, encryption, and revocation. The new construction is especially suitable for the devices with constrained computing capabilities and resources. Compared with other available authentication schemes, such as X.509, identity-based encryption, etc., the new construction provides unique features such as simplicity, efficiency, forward secrecy, and an efficient re-keying mechanism. In the application scenario for a pay Web site, users may be sensitive about their privacy, and do not wish their behaviors to be tracked by Web sites. Thus, an anonymous authentication scheme is desirable in this case. That is, a user can prove his/her authenticity without revealing his/her identity. On the other hand, the Web site owner would like to prevent a bunch of users from sharing a single subscription while hiding behind user anonymity. The Web site should be able to detect these possible malicious behaviors, and exclude corrupted users from future service. This dissertation extensively discusses anonymous authentication techniques, such as group signature, direct anonymous attestation, and traceable signature. Three anonymous authentication schemes have been proposed, which include a group signature scheme with signature claiming and variable linkability, a scheme for direct anonymous attestation in trusted computing platforms with sign and verify protocols nearly seven times more efficient than the current solution, and a state-of-the-art traceable signature scheme with support for variable anonymity. These three schemes greatly advance research in the area of anonymous authentication. The authentication techniques presented in this dissertation are based on common mathematical and cryptographical foundations, sharing similar security assumptions. We call them flexible digital authentication schemes.
AB0646 HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AMONG INCIDENT CASES OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: RESULTS FROM A POPULATION-BASED COHORT (1988–2016)

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder associated with multi-organ dysfunction including but not limited to vascular, cardiac and pulmonary involvement. Few studies have estimated the healthcare resource usage of patients with SSc. Objectives: To compare healthcare utilization among incident cases of SSc vs age- and sex-matched comparators. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective, population-based cohort of physician-diagnosed patients with SSc in a geographically well-defined area from Jan 1, 1988 to Dec 31, 2016. A 2:1 cohort of age- and sex-matched non-SSc subjects from the same population base was randomly selected for comparison. Inpatient and outpatient utilization data were obtained from the Rochester Epidemiology Project beginning 12 months prior to the SSc incidence/index date. Patients were followed until death, migration from Olmsted County, or December 31, 2017. A maximum of 5 years following the incidence/index date was used for analysis and the follow-up of each matched triple was further truncated at the shortest length of follow-up for any member, to ensure similar periods of observation for SSc cases and non-SSc comparators. Services were summarized as visit-days (number of days at least one service in the category was billed) to avoid overestimation of services provided. Utilization was compared between SSc and non-SSc cohorts using negative binomial models. Results: The cohort included 69 incident SSc cases and 138 non-SSc comparators (mean age of 57 ± 16 years at diagnosis/index, 90% female for both cohorts; 87% [SSc] and 95% [non-SSc] Caucasian). Patients with SSc had the highest utilization of outpatient physician, laboratory and combined radiology visit-days during the year of the SSc diagnosis compared with the year prior to diagnosis or years 1-4 after diagnosis of SSc (Table). Patients with SSc had higher utilization of outpatient physician, laboratory and combined radiology visit-days annually for the year prior to diagnosis of SSc and for each of the first 5 years after diagnosis of Ssc compared to patients without SSc. Rate ratios comparing utilization in patients with and without SSc ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 for all comparisons. Conclusion: A higher utilization of outpatient physician, laboratory and radiology visits was observed among patients with SSc compared to non-SSc subjects throughout 5 years of disease duration, indicating high and continued care needs in this patient population. Disclosure of interests: Caitrin Coffey: None declared, avneek Singh Sandhu: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared, Dennis asante: None declared, Eric Matteson Grant/research support from: Eric Matteson has received research grants from Pfizer and Sun Pharmaceutical industries, Ltd. For work on the pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis., Consultant for: Eric Matteson has received consultancy fees from Boehringer ingelheim for an advisory board., Thomas G. Osborn: None declared, Kenneth J Warrington : None declared, ashima Makol: None declared
Calibration-Free Nanopore Digital Counting of Single Molecules

Nanopore sensor conceptually represents an ideal single molecule counting device due to its unique partitioning-free, label-free electronic sensing. Existing theories and experiments have shown that sample concentration is proportional to the molecule translocation rate. However, a detailed nanopore geometry and size characterization or a calibration curve of concentration standards are often required for quantifying the unknown sample. In this work, we proposed and validated a calibration-free nanopore single molecule digital counting method for isolated molecule quantification. With the background ions as the in situ references, the molecule translocation rates can be normalized to the ion translocation rates (i.e., baseline current). This in situ reference alleviates the requirement for knowing the nanopore geometry and size or generating a calibration curve. In recognition of this effect, we developed a quantitative model for nanopore quantification without the need for prior knowledge of experimental conditions such as nanopore geometry, size, and applied voltage. This model was experimentally validated for different nanopores and DNA molecules with different sizes. We anticipate this calibration-free digital counting approach would provide a new avenue for nanopore-based molecule sensing.
Laying hens in the U.S. market: An appraisal of trends from the beginning of the 20th century to present

SUMMARY This typescript has been written to provide a brief history of the commercial egg industry and the modern laying hen from the beginning of the 20th century to present. Certainly the hens’ husbandry and production practices will continue to change at the onset of this publication and thereafter. Farmers, egg distribution centers, and commercial egg companies in the U.S. have done an excellent job in keeping eggs affordable and in plentiful supply during the cited 100 yr plus (e.g., 1900 to present) of population growth, urban and suburban growth, and declining egg farmers and producers. Further, as industry efficiency and company consolidation increased, so did hen rearing practice misconceptions among U.S. consumers. The 2010 U.S. Census indicates that 1.6% of the US population is engaged in agriculture production, which feeds the remaining 98.4% of the population. This review highlights over 100 yr of table egg production in the U.S., beginning in 1900 when approximately 25% of the U.S. population was engaged in agriculture production.
Grappling with Patterns of the Past: Reflections on Learning with C.A. Bowers

We live in an age where, despite continued academic efforts to address unjust social suffering and environmental degradation, there remain a cultural tyranny of capitalist, patriarchal, racist, ant...
1948 Robotic Type II B Posterior Exenteration for Recurrent Vaginal Cancer

Video Objective To demonstrate a surgical video where-in a robotic-assisted posterior pelvic exenteration was performed in a case of recurrent vaginal cancer. Setting A tertiary referral center. Interventions We present a case of a 55 year-old Hispanic female with a history of stage II squamous cell vaginal carcinoma. She was initially treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin) and radiation (pelvic and vaginal) in 2016. She had a biopsy proven isolated recurrence located in posterior aspect of upper third of the vagina. A robotic type II B posterior pelvic exenteration is demonstrated step by step in this video. Besides the technical aspects of the procedure, pelvic anatomic landmarks have also been emphasized. Conclusion Robotic approach to highly morbid pelvic exenteration procedures should be considered in selected patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies, who present without evidence of distant metastatic disease.
Response to Luke A. Powery

This is a response by Dr. Sally A. Brown to Luke Powery’s lecture on the PTS and Slavery Report.
Britannia’s Roads. An Introduction to the Strip Maps of John Ogilby’s Britannia. By Gordon C. Dickinson

Britannia’s Roads is a posthumous publication based on a manuscript originally written by Gordon C. Dickinson in 2016 and then edited by David I. Bower. The book assesses the accuracy of Britannia’...
Anticipated and Discovered Patterns of Response

Design sensitivity is used to quantify the effectiveness of devices discussed in Chap. 5. Several of those devices anticipate a particular pattern of results, perhaps coherence among several outcomes, or a dose–response relationship. To what extent do these considerations reduce sensitivity to unmeasured biases? Must a coherent pattern of associations be anticipated? Or is it possible to discover a coherent pattern in the data at hand with suitable corrections for multiple testing?
What Will Guard the Guardians?: Combating Threats to an Independent Judiciary Through Lessons Learned from Theories of Inherent Executive Power

There is a growing threat to the independence of the federal judiciary. It is not the threat described by opponents of the recent criticisms of judges that have garnered great attention over the past year. Instead, a subtler, more institutional, and more dangerous attack is in progress. In recent years, proposals have been made for Congress to prohibit the hiring of certain law clerks and require the disclosure of retired judges' bench memos and correspondence with other judges. The first of those proposals has become law, and the calls for the other are growing. This unprecedented threat raises a question not yet considered: When it comes to judges' prerogatives over clerks, work papers, and communications with colleagues, how should theories about inherent executive power inform the meaning of inherent judicial power? This article argues that if one believes that Congress lacks the power to regulate the hiring of certain presidential aides and to require the disclosure of former presidents' privileged papers, then Congress also lacks the power to regulate the hiring of law clerks or to require the disclosure of judicial work product. In other words, building on a distinction between internal and external limits on congressional power recently discussed by Professor Richard Primus, I argue that if Article II of the Constitution provides the internal grant of power to the President, and the external restriction on the power of Congress, that is defended by proponents of a unitary executive and a robust executive privilege, then we should apply that understanding to Article III by reading Article III to provide a similar internal grant of power to federal judges and a similar external restriction on the power of Congress. As the founding generation understood from its experience with weak state courts and the ineffective Articles of Confederation, liberty depends on an independent judiciary. And an independent judiciary depends on applying to the judiciary the same separation-of-powers principles that protect the presidency. Judges are among the most important guardians of our rights, and separation-of-powers principles are what guard those guardians-whether the threats come from a demagogue seeking the presidency, or from the "impetuous vortex" that Federalist 48 called a Congress prone to "everywhere extending the sphere of its activity."
Why Evolving European SAR Policies Threaten Merchant Shipping

Operators of commercial vessels have rescued tens of thousands of migrant seafarers in the Mediterranean Sea since 2014. For commercial actors, swift disembarkation of survivors is critical to ensure safety and prevent further disruption to the rescuing vessel’s primary voyage. From 2014 through 2017, European coastal states such as Italy, Malta, and Greece permitted rescued migrants to disembark into their territory. But recent policy changes reflect evolving attitudes about search and rescue (SAR) responsibility. Beginning in 2018, commercial vessels and humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have performed large-scale rescues only to be denied immediate access to Mediterranean ports. This has created alarming scenarios in which rescued migrants and ship operators have remained at sea for days and weeks as solutions were negotiated by politicians on an ad hoc basis. Addressing the consequences of this policy transformation, this paper examines its impact on commercial vessel contributions to migrant rescues. Highlighting the intertwined legal responsibilities of private vessels and public authorities, it discusses the international SAR framework and its contemporary implementation. It then surveys reactions within the shipping industry reflecting concerns that evolving regional perspectives may drive up the risks, costs, and frequency of private participation in SAR operations.
Displacement Disparity: Filling the Gap of Protection for the Environmentally Displaced Person

The number of people forced to migrate due to environmental factors is on the rise. In order to protect this vulnerable population, it is important to identify them as a specific class of people so that class may be protected under international obligations. This paper synthesized a formal definition of the "environmentally displaced person" ("EDP") by using the histories and protections of vulnerable populations, with particular focus on the refugee as a comparative framework. Because no international standard for the protection of EDPs exists, the broader realm of vulnerable populations is examined in order to provide insight into the purpose and mechanisms that will facilitate the creation of an internationally recognized definition of EDP. It is particularly necessary to examine the legal status assigned to refugees more thoroughly, as refugee populations are also displaced persons.
Robust portfolio optimization

We propose a robust portfolio optimization approach based on quantile statistics. The proposed method is robust to extreme events in asset returns, and accommodates large portfolios under limited historical data. Specifically, we show that the risk of the estimated portfolio converges to the oracle optimal risk with parametric rate under weakly dependent asset returns. The theory does not rely on higher order moment assumptions, thus allowing for heavy-tailed asset returns. Moreover, the rate of convergence quantifies that the size of the portfolio under management is allowed to scale exponentially with the sample size of the historical data. The empirical effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated under both synthetic and real stock data. Our work extends existing ones by achieving robustness in high dimensions, and by allowing serial dependence.
Mechanisms of chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced enhancement of paraventricular nucleus glutamatergic tone (1130.21)

Sleep apnea increases risk for cardiovascular diseases in part by increasing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a rodent model that mimics repetitive hypoxemias that occur in patients with sleep apnea, increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) through a hypothalamic PVN dependent mechanism. The goal of this study was to determine effects of CIH on glutamatergic NMDA receptor tone and investigate the underlying mechanisms. After 7 days of CIH, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and PVN NMDA receptors were blocked bilaterally with AP5. Compared to normoxic controls, CIH exposed rats had greater reductions of renal SNA (CIH: -17±7 vs control: 2±2%) and MAP (CIH: -8±3 mmHg vs control: -3±1 mmHg). CIH decreased PVN expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1 (72% of control, n=5, P<0.05), NR2A (33% of control, n=2), and NR2B (49% of control, n=6, P<0.05), but increased expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (158% of control, n=2), suggesting a possible compen...
WE-G-201-02: Image Quality Characteristics of Handheld Medical Image Viewing Devices

Many health care organizations are adopting mobile applications for patient care. These tools can provide the opportunity for improvements in timely access to patient images. With new possibilities for patient image viewing, it is sensible to take a closer look at what handheld devices might provide and how they are being used. Three speakers: a radiologist, an imaging research scientist, and a clinical medical physicist provide input into different aspects of image viewing on handheld devices. 1. Patrick Luetmer, M.D., Radiologist Provides a radiologist’s perspective of how mobile technologies best fit into patient care workflows, including how patient image viewing is done differently on a mobile platform compared to a PACS workstation and what types of decisions are being made from handheld devices. 2. Aldo Badano, Ph.D., Imaging Research Scientist Provides an overview of technological properties of handheld devices and describes how image viewing with handheld devices impacts the image information that is visible under ideal and clinical conditions. 3. Dr. Alisa Walz-Flannigan, Ph.D., Clinical Medical Physicist Provides an overview of different strategies for setup and quality control as relevant for handheld devices. This session is related to the ongoing work of Task Group No. 260 “Considerations for the Use of Handheld Devices for Viewing Medical Images”. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand how mobile devices for image viewing are being used to enhance patient care 2. To understand how technological properties of various mobile devices combine with device usage to impact the information visible in a medical image 3. To gain awareness of different options for configuring and testing handheld devices for medical image viewing Dr. Aldo Badano has the following: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA #123-07) with BARCO.
Application of rotated sequential feeding for circular polarization bandwidth enhancement of planar arrays with single-fed DRA elements

Different arrangements and excitations for the single-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) elements are used in planar arrays to study their effect on the circular polarization bandwidth. The rotational sequential feeding is found to provide a broadside axial ratio that is frequency independent.
Appendix A: Op Amp Noise Factor Calculations

Details of-op amp noise model and noise factor calculations. Results are discussed in Section 3.12.1.
Light-initiated transformations of fullerenol in aqueous media.

We provide the first evidence that a fullerene derivative can be extensively mineralized under environmental conditions by direct photolysis. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was identified as a major photoproduct of fullerenol, a hydroxylated C60 molecule and the ratio of moles DIC produced to moles of fullerenol reacted reached 28 or approximately 47% of complete mineralization on extensive irradiation by simulated solar radiation. The direct photoreaction kinetics of fullerenol in dilute aqueous solution can be described by pH-dependent biexponential rate expressions. This photoreaction slowed by a factor of 2 in nitrogen-saturated water. The oxygen dependence is attributed to photoinduced electron or hydrogen atom transfer from fullerenol to oxygen to produce superoxide ions with a quantum yield of 6.2 × 10−4. Fullerenol can photosensitize the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) in dilute aqueous solution with quantum yields ranging from 0.10 in acidic water to 0.05 in neutral and basic solution. Howev...
Wetting Properties and Stability of Silane-Treated Glass Exposed to Water, Air, and Oil

Abstract Wettability and stability of glass surfaces modified with five organosilanes were characterized by monitoring temporal changes in water-air contact angles on treated glass slides stored in air, water, and oil. Silane treatment altered the wetting properties of sodalime glass slides, with all contact angles exhibiting hysteresis. The induced hydrophobicity remained stable for slides stored in air and oil, but deteriorated for slides stored in water, as indicated by a decrease in advancing and/or receding contact angles. The critical surface tension, above which a liquid displays a finite contact angle on a surface, was not sensitive to aging. Quartz and silica substrates gave essentially the same results as sodalime glass. Bacterial action was ruled out as a primary cause of deterioration of hydrophobicity. A coating of refined oil (Soltrol 130) on the treated surface prolonged stability in water but eventual breakdown was still evident from decrease in the receding contact angles. Hydrolysis was the likely cause of deterioration. Water-Soltrol 130 advancing and receding contact angles were higher than water-air contact angles, but there was a systematic relationship between them. Recommendations are made as to the most suitable silanes for treating glass, quartz, or silica surfaces for investigations which last more than a few hours.
Neighborhood-specific and general social support: which buffers the effect of neighborhood disorder on depression?

Is neighborhood-specific social support the most effective type of social support for buffering the effect of neighborhood disorder on depression? Matching theory suggests that it is. The authors extend the research on neighborhood disorder and adult depression by showing that individuals who have higher levels of both general and neighborhood-specific social relationships, measured by social support and neighborhood social ties, are less vulnerable to negative effects of neighborhood disorder. Using the Community, Crime, and Health Survey, the authors found that neighborhood disorder's association with depression is lower for people with supportive social ties with neighbors and for people with more general social support. The latter conditional effect is stronger than the former, indicating that support in which the source of support matches the source of strain is not more effective than general support at buffering the effects of neighborhood strain. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. II. β‐Poly(L‐alanine) and β‐poly(L‐alanylglycine)

The normal vibration frequencies of poly(L-alanine) and poly(L-alanylglycine) in the antiparallel chain-pleated sheet structure have been calculated, using the force field for polyglycine I from the previous paper (Biopolymers15, 2439–2464) plus additional force constants for the methyl group. The agreement with observed ir and Raman bands is very good. This substantiates the excellent transferability of the force field, since polyglycine I was shown to have a rippled-sheet structure. The amide I and amide II mode splittings are very well accounted for by transition dipole coupling, showing that subtle structural differences are sensitively manifested through this mechanism.
Global change: hydrocarbon-driven warming.

A dramatic historical episode of global warming seems to have been driven by the release of huge amounts of hydrocarbons. New evidence for what might have happened comes from the sea floor off Norway.
Identification of a modifier site on acetylcholinesterase with affinity for d-tubocurarine

Abstract Decamethonium and d-tubocurarine displace N-methylacridinium ion, a potent fluorescent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, from the surface of the enzyme. Decamethonium is competitive with N-methylacridinium which indicates that the binding sites for these ligands overlap. However, the displacement of N-methylacridinium ion by d-tubocurarine requires the existence of a binding site for d-tubocurarine in addition to the active site. Since the affinities for d-tubocurarine at both sites are comparable, two well defined ligand binding sites must exist for each catalytic site that is titratable by 7-dimethylcarbamyl-N-methylquinolinium iodide.
Detecting moving objects

The detection of moving objects is important in many tasks. This paper examines moving object detection based primarily on optical flow. We conclude that in realistic situations, detection using visual information alone is quite difficult, particularly when the camera may also be moving. The availability of additional information about camera motion and/or scene structure greatly simplifies the problem. Two general classes of techniques are examined. The first is based upon the motion epipolar constraint—translational motion produces a flow field radially expanding from a “focus of expansion” (FOE). Epipolar methods depend on knowing at least partial information about camera translation and/or rotation. The second class of methods is based on comparison of observed optical flow with other information about depth, for example from stereo vision. Examples of several of these techniques are presented.
Leadership perspectives on preparing transfer students

The authors discuss the role of the community college in preparing students to transfer to a four-year postsecondary institution. Issues about institutional support, quality of education, and academic rigor are discussed, as well as how institutions can implement innovative approaches to the transfer function.
Differentiation of the immunosuppressive and antiviral effects of interferon.

Abstract Virus-induced (virus-type) interferon suppression of the in vitro antibody response of mouse (C57B1/6) spleen cells to sheep red blood cells was blocked by 5 × 10−5M 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The blockade was not due to a direct effect on interferon since 2-ME was capable of blocking the suppression when added to cultures up to 48 hr after interferon. 2-ME blockade of virus-type interferon immunosuppression was not due to the immunoenhancing property of 2-ME. Similar protective effects of 2-ME were observed during immunosuppression by virus-type interferon inducers, but not T-cell mitogen inducers of interferon (immune interferon). The data suggest that the immunosuppressive properties of virus-type and immune interferon preparations involve different mechanisms. Virus-type interferon inhibited DNA synthesis in unstimulated spleen cell cultures and in 2-ME stimulated cultures, and the degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis appeared to be related to the immunosuppressive property of interferon in the absence or presence of 2-ME. 2-ME did not affect the antiviral properties of either virus-type or immune interferon in nonlymphoid cells. Further, the induction of virustype interferon in spleen cells was neither inhibited nor enhanced by 2-ME, while the induction of immune interferon was enhanced. This enhancement is consistent with 2-ME enhancement of the immunosuppressive effects of immune interferon inducers. There are two possibilities for 2-ME blockade of the immunosuppressive effect of virus-type interferon, while not affecting the antiviral property. Firstly, the immunosuppressive and antiviral properties of virus-type interferon may involve different mechanisms at the subcellular level. Secondly, the selectivity of the blockade by 2-ME could be due to the fact that spleen cells are the target cells in immunosuppression, while L cells are the target cells in inhibition of virus replication. Thus, virus-type interferon may suppress the immune response at the level of the macrophage and 2-ME may reverse this effect by replacing a blocked macrophage function.
An analysis of abnormalities of the retinoblastoma gene in human ovarian and endometrial carcinoma

The altered expression of the human retinoblastoma (RB) gene has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RB and other tumors. To determine whether the RB gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of human ovarian and endometrial cancer, DNA from 24 human ovarian tumors, 3 normal ovaries, 3 endometrial carcinomas, and 1 endometrial hyperplasia was examined with an RB complementary DNA probe. Evidence for homozygous deletion of the RB gene was observed in only one specimen. Interestingly, the specimen was an endometrioid tumor of the ovary of low malignant potential (LMP). This patient experienced rapid progression of the tumor and died 8 months after diagnosis. Abnormalities of the RB gene may be involved in the aggressive biologic behavior of certain forms of ovarian carcinoma, particularly those of LMP.
Mathematical tools for applied multivariate analysis

This book introduces matrix algebra to students in behavioral and administrative sciences. It clearly defines the relevance of the exercises to concerns within the business community and the social and behavioral sciences. Readers will gain a technical background for tackling applications-oriented multivariate texts.
Bilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in patients with occult contralateral inguinal defects

A high incidence of bilateral inguinal defects found on laparoscopic evaluation during hernia repair has been reported. However, expectation of bilateral inguinal defects in patients who are diagnosed with pure unilateral hernia might be underestimated. A prospective clinical study was performed to reveal a rate of contralateral occult defects in patients who were diagnosed with unilateral inguinal hernia prior to primary laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair. One hundred consecutive male patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernias were included in the study. Patients with known bilateral inguinal hernias as well as femoral, giant and combined hernias were excluded. All patients underwent TEP with exploration and evaluation of the contralateral groin. Median follow-up was 24 (4–46) months. Median age was 48 (18–73). Mean operative time was 42.2 (18–167) min. There were 78 (78%) patients with pure unilateral hernias and 22 (22%) patients with bilateral hernias whose contralateral inguinal defect or hernia was revealed only intraoperatively. Of those, 19 (86%) had right and 3 (14%) left occult defects. Minor complications occurred in 17 (17%) patients. There were no major complications. Two patients required a 23-hour stay in the hospital for urinary retention and hypoxia. Median period of returning to normal activity was 7 (5–14) days. There were two (2%) recurrences. Median period of returning to normal activity was 6.2 days after unilateral repair and 8.4 days after bilateral TEP. This study revealed 22% occurrence of bilateral inguinal defects in the patients who are diagnosed with pure inguinal hernia before surgery, with higher incidence for those with left inguinal hernia. It appears that routine contralateral groin exploration and evaluation during TEP is valuable. Patients with occult bilateral hernias are benefit from bilateral TEP.
The effect of hypoxia from birth on the regulation of aldosterone in the 7-day-old rat: plasma hormones, steroidogenesis in vitro, and steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid.

Adaptation to hypoxia in the neonate requires an appropriate adrenocortical response. The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation of the aldosterone pathway in rat pups exposed to hypoxia in vivo from birth to 7 days of age. Neonatal rats (with their lactating dams) were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (12% O2) continuously for 7 days from birth. Trunk blood was collected, and entire adrenal glands were processed from 7-day-old rats to study the activity of the steroidogenic pathway in dispersed cells and isolated mitochondria, for measurement of expression of the steroidogenic enzyme messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by RT-competitive PCR and in situ hybridization histochemistry, for measurement of zona glomerulosa width by immunohistofluorescent staining for P450c11AS protein, and for measurement of mitochondrial number and distribution by transmission electron microscopy. Exposure to hypoxia for 7 days from birth resulted in a marked increase in plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and aldosterone wit...
PLASMA INHIBITORS OF CLONERULAR FIBRINOLYSIS (GF) IN HUMAN RENAL DISEASE

To detect a circulating inhibitor of GF, serial dilutions of human plasma were incubated with 2 frozen sections from a single normal human kidney. The slides were washed and studied by the fibrin slide technique. The Lysis Inhibitory Titer (LIT) was defined as the highest dilution completely inhibiting GF. Of 146 controls with normal urinalyses and renal function, none had a LIT greater than 1:2. Defining an elevated LIT as 1:8 or greater, we found an elevated LIT in plasma from 42 of 119 patients with various forms of renal disease including 14 of 14 patients with the Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome (HUS) and 15 of 57 with qlomerulonephritis. In patients with renal disease, no difference was found in the frequency of anemia, leukopenia, or prolonged PT when comparing patients with normal against those with elevated LIT. Diminished renal function (64% vs. 36%), thrombocytopenia (42% vs. 5%), and prolonged PTT (30% vs. 0%) were more common in patients with elevated LIT. No correlation was detected between the LIT and plasma concentrations of the antiplasmins α1 -antitrypsin, α2 -macroglobulin, and C1 -esterase inhibitor. Daily analysis of plasma from 3 patients with HUS showed a close correlation between the LIT and clinical course. In each case, removal of the inhibitor from the plasma by peritoneal dialysis was associated with recovery of renal function. Results suggest that the inhibitor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular fibrin deposition.
Solventless polymer coating of microparticles

Abstract Solventless coating technologies have recently emerged to improve upon the processing inefficiencies and practical limitations of solvent-based polymer film coating. The purpose of this study was to introduce a dry-coating methodology by which microparticles can be coated with polymers without the use of solvents, plasticizers, or heat treatments and is applicable to particles including those
Al‐e Ahmad's fictional legacy

In a twenty-four-year writing career that began in 1945 with the publication of the story "Pilgrimage" in Sukhan magazine and ended in 1969 with a heart attack at age 46, Jalal Al-e Ahmad established himself as a major voice in modern Persian fiction.1 His first and best known collection of short stories, The Exchange of Visits, appeared in 1946, followed in short order by Our SufferinL (1947), Sihtar (1948), and The Unwanted Woman (1952), which was reprinted in 1964 with two additional stories. A fifth collection of stories entitled The New Generation remains unpublished, although a sampling of stories from that collection entitled Five Stories was published posthumously. The first of five longer pieces of fiction, Tale of the Beehives, was published in 1955. Three years later The School Principal appeared. Then, in 1961, came The Letter 'N' and the Pen, followed in 1968 by The Cursing of the Land, of which several chapters had previously been published separately. A final novel, A Stone on a Grave, remains unpublished.
Paradoxical Relationship of High Dose in Utero Cocaine Exposure with Lower Scores on Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 2-3). † 1161

In a prospective longitudinal study, 119 caretakers of toddlers (mean age 26 months, 89% African-American or African-Caribbean, 50% male, 45% cocaine unexposed, 39% lightly, 16% heavily (top quartile) exposed by maternal-report\infant meconium assay) completed the CBCL 2-3 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). 88% of unexposed children and 68% of exposed were accompanied with their biologic mothers at assessment. In multivariable models controlling for child gender, ethnicity, early intervention, services, caretaker (mother vs kin vs foster), caretaker CESD, mother's age & child's prenatal exposure to alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana, the adjusted total mean CBCL scores were 42 (heavily cocaine exposed), 48 (lightly exposed), 48 (unexposed) (p=.01). Adjusted mean external T scores (41, 49, 48 p=.03) and internal T scores (42, 48,48 p=.03) also identified fewer problems among the heavily exposed. Higher caretaker CESD scores were correlated with higher CBCL 2-3 total T scores (p<.04), as was receiving early intervention (p=.004). Fifteen percent of the unexposed, twenty-six percent of the lightly exposed, and none of the heavily exposed had total T scores in the borderline or clinical range (p=.03). Contrary to popular expectations, heavily cocaine exposed toddlers had fewer behavior problems reported by their caretakers than their lightly exposed or unexposed peers. Validation by direct observations of behavior from non-caretakers is needed.
SEXUAL AND REGIONAL VARIATION IN THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SPOTTED ANEMONE SHRIMP PERICLIMENES YUCATANICUS (DECAPODA: CARIDEA: PALAEMONIDAE)

ABSTRACT Sexual and regional variations in the morphology of the spotted anemone shrimp Periclimenes yucatanicus were evaluated, based on 99 specimens from the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Honduras, and the Florida Keys. For each shrimp, measurements were made of 74 characters (continuous variables), and data from an additional 17 characters were recorded in categorical form (discrete variables). Continuous variables were consolidated to 45 prior to data transformation and analysis. Of 62 final variables assessed, 14 were statistically significant. Sexual differences were minor (on the average, females were larger than males based on carapace length), and no important regional differences were apparent. The spotted anemone shrimp appears to be taxonomically homogeneous across the locations examined.
Design and Fabrication of a Microcantilever-Based Sensor for Nerve Gas Detection

Surface-micromachined MEMS processes were used to fabricate this gas sensor. We fabricated a variety of designs, including those with one end fixed, two ends fixed and four ends fixed. In addition to the first bending mode, the torsional mode is being used for sensing and actuation. The placement of air venting holes as well as the placement of the sensing and actuating electrodes have been varied in the designs. A custom polymer layer (PPE-1-LBS) that absorbs the nerve gas analog DMMP is applied to the surface of gold-coated microcantilevers. The polymer coating is applied just after the cantilever is released with hydrofluoric acid but before the drying process. This paper describes the important steps in the fabrication process and compares the manufacturability of the various cantilever designs. It also compares the expected performance of four types of designs.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Modeling secrecy and deception in a multiple-period attacker–defender signaling game

Abstract In this paper, we apply game theory to model strategies of secrecy and deception in a multiple-period attacker–defender resource-allocation and signaling game with incomplete information. At each period, we allow one of the three possible types of defender signals—truthful disclosure, secrecy, and deception. We also allow two types of information updating—the attacker updates his knowledge about the defender type after observing the defender’s signals, and also after observing the result of a contest (if one occurs in any given time period). Our multiple-period model provides insights into the balance between capital and expense for defensive investments (and the effects of defender private information, such as defense effectiveness, target valuations, and costs), and also shows that defenders can achieve more cost-effective security through secrecy and deception (possibly lasting more than one period), in a multiple-period game. This paper helps to fill a significant gap in the literature. In particular, to our knowledge, no past work has studied defender secrecy and deception in a multiple-period game. Moreover, we believe that the solution approach developed and applied in this paper would prove useful in other types of multiple-period games.