cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L-Arabinose Isomerase Formation in a Conditional Mutant of Gene araA of Escherichia coli B/r

Abstract A temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli in which the synthesis of l-arabinose isomerase is blocked during growth at 42 C was found to possess the following properties. (i) The mutation occurred in the structural gene for the isomerase, gene araA. (ii) During growth at elevated temperatures the mutant accumulates a product which is a precursor to the active enzyme. (iii) The precursor produced at 42 C is slowly converted to active enzyme at 28 C in the absence of protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis. It is concluded that the mutation results in a change in the structure of isomerase which causes formation of active enzyme to be thermolabile at a step beyond the level of translation.
Notes on the density matrix renormalization group; Applications to ladder systems

In these notes we review both the formulation and some applications of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). We illustrate the use of DMRG with applications to ladder systems. We first consider Heisenberg ladders, which exhibit an interesting odd-even alternation of behavior as the number of chains increases. We then consider the behavior upon doping, using the t-J model. A simple theoretical framework is developed to explain why holes bind in pairs in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.
Obesity in Pregnancy and Ultrasound

Obese pregnant women are at high risk for various obstetrical problems, for both mother and child. Ultrasound is an essential tool to detect and manage these problems. However, ultrasound examination in obese women and reliable evaluation of the presence of congenital anomalies or markers of genetic disorders and accurate determination of fetal weight are a real challenge. As maternal BMI increases, the rate of completion of anatomic surveys decreases, and the number of scans required increases. Counseling may need to be modified to reflect the limitations of sonography for fetal structural anomalies in obese women.
Sodium appetite in the sham-drinking rat after chorda tympani nerve transection

Sodium depletion in the neurologically intact rat (Intact) produces a prompt and robust intake of NaCl. After chorda tympani nerve transection (CTX), there is a longer latency and a reduced intake of NaCl. The CTX rat depends on remaining gustatory and postingestive information to direct NaCl intake. In the present study, the effect of the removal of the postingestive signals of ingested NaCl (by means of a chronic gastric fistula) on the NaCl intakes and licking patterns of Intact and CTX rats was studied. When the gastric fistula was open (Sham), ingested NaCl did not pass beyond the stomach, thus negative postingestive stimulation was absent. After overnight sodium depletion, when postingestive stimulation was present (i.e., gastric fistula closed; Real), the CTX group drank significantly less 0.3 M NaCl than the Intact group over the 2-h test [11.7 +/- 1.6 (CTX) vs. 15.3 +/- 2.8 (Intact) ml]. In contrast, when postingestive signals were absent (i.e., Sham) the Intact group ingested 52.5 +/- 4.4 ml, whereas the CTX group had ingested only 12.4 +/- 3.1 ml of 0.3 M NaCl. Lickometer data analysis revealed that even during the first minute of the test the CTX/Real group generated significantly fewer licks than any of the other groups. Thus, although the CTX group was sensitive to inhibitory postingestive signals in the early portion of the appetite test, the absence of these signals did not release the robust and sustained intake of NaCl characteristic of the Intact group. These results suggest that information provided by the chorda tympani nerve is critically important to the strong motivational properties of NaCl after sodium depletion.
Compositional variations of young basalts in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near lat 36°49′N

Fifty acoustically positioned samples of fresh basalt were collected by the submersible Alvin from the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the French American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study (FAMOUS) in the summer of 1974. The samples show regular compositional variations from the center of the rift valley (central lava flows) out to the rift valley walls (flank lava flows). The central lava samples show higher ratios of olivine relative to clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts and contain chrome spinel. Glasses of the flank lava samples are enriched in SiO 2 , TiO 2 , K 2 O, H 2 O, and FeO/MgO relative to central lava samples. Studies of the thickness of palagonite and manganese crusts indicate that the flank lava flows are considerably younger than the inferred spreading age of the crust on which they occur. Flank lavas are generally older than central lavas, but notable exceptions occur. The composition of the flank lava glass can be derived by the removal of approximately 29 wt percent of analyzed phenocrysts (in the ratio 5.7 plagioclase, 2.5 olivine, 1.8 clinopyroxene) from the central lava glass. In addition, other processes (possibly involving volatile transfer) must enrich the flank lavas in K 2 O, TiO 2 , and H 2 O. A model is proposed whereby this crystal fractionation occurs in a shallow, narrow (6-km-wide) magma chamber underlying the median valley. The chamber is compositionally zoned, and central lavas are fed from dikes tapping its hotter axial zone, whereas flank lavas are fed from the cooler, differentiated melt on the margins. The nature of the chemical variations in the lavas permits an estimate of the composition and thickness of the cumulates forming at the base of the chamber.
Quantized intrinsically localized modes of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice

We have examined the quantized n = 2 excitation spectrum of the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam lattice. The spectrum is composed of a resonance in the two-phonon continuum and a branch of infinitely long-lived excitations which splits off from the top of the two-phonon creation continuum. We calculate the zero-temperature limit of the many-body wavefunction and show that this mode corresponds to an intrinsically localized mode (ILM). In one dimension, we find that there is no lower threshold value of the repulsive interaction that must be exceeded if the ILM is to be formed. However, the spatial extent of the ILM wavefunction rapidly increases as the interaction is decreased to zero. The dispersion relation shows that the discrete n = 2 ILM and the resonance hybridize as the center of mass wavevector q is increased towards the zone boundary. The many-body wavefunction shows that as the zone boundary is approached, there is a destructive resonance which occurs between pairs of sites separated by an odd number of lattice...
Modeling and Simulation of a Laser-Powered Lightcraft Using Advanced Simulation Tools

This paper outlines efforts toward implementation of a new state-time methodology for dynamic simulation of a six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) model of the Type 200 laser-powered lightcraft. The lightcraft problem is a well-suited application demonstrating the potential advantage of using the state-time formulation as the craft’s temporal domain is much larger than its spatial domain. Indeed, while relatively few processors can be effectively utilized in modeling the vehicle via traditional state-type algorithms, more than 105 processors may be potentially exploited in a state-time dynamic simulation. In this paper, a modified state-time methodology is derived in order to account for impulsive characteristics. This impulsive formulation allows for parallelization not only between impulses but also across impulses. Furthermore, an aerodynamic model fully compatible with the state-time formulation is presented. Validation of the proposed method is obtained by comparing the state-time simulation results with the results of a traditional state-type dynamics algorithm using Autolev software.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Strain-Related Differences in Susceptibility to Transient Forebrain Ischemia in SV-129 and C57Black/6 Mice

Background and Purpose We explored susceptibility to injury after global ischemia in SV-129 and C57Black/6 mice, two commonly used background strains in genetically engineered mice. Methods Mice (n=84) were subjected to 15, 30, or 75 minutes of bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion followed by reperfusion for 72 hours. BCCA occlusion was performed under halothane or chloral hydrate anesthesia; in one experiment, mean arterial blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) were matched by controlled exsanguination. Baseline absolute blood flow measurements were obtained in both strains using a tracer, N -isopropyl-[methyl 1,3-14C]- p -iodoamphetamine, indicator fractionation technique (n=5 per group). Vascular anatomy of the circle of Willis was visualized by intravascular perfusion of carbon black ink (n=10 per group). Cerebrovascular reactivity was assessed by measuring the diameter of pial vessels (intravital microscopy) to acetylcholine (ACh) superfusion (0.1 to 10 mmol/L) in a closed cranial window preparation (n=29). Results Resting blood flow values did not differ between groups in striatum, cerebellum, and brain-stem regions. SV-129 mice were less susceptible than C57Black/6 mice to ischemic injury (0.0±0.0 versus 1.3±0.3 damage in hippocampal CA1 region after 30 minutes of ischemia in SV-129 and C57Black/6, respectively; P <.01). Cellular damage (grade 1 to 3 injury) comparable to 30-minute BCCA occlusion was achieved only after 75 minutes of ischemia in SV-129 mice (1.1±0.3). Ischemic damage was also significantly less in SV-129 mice after blood pressure and flow were matched during ischemia in halothane-anesthetized SV-129 mice (0.5±0.3 versus 1.4±0.2, P <.05), or after chloral hydrate anesthesia (0.4±0.2 versus 1.5±0.4, P <.05). Hypoplastic posterior communicating arteries were found in all 10 C57Black/6 mice and may explain the greater susceptibility of these mice to injury after BCCA occlusion. More robust vasodilation to ACh in C57Black/6 mice could also indicate genetic differences in responses to vasoactive substances. Conclusions C57Black/6 mice exhibit enhanced susceptibility to global cerebral ischemic injury, an incompletely formed circle of Willis, and augmented pial vessel dilation to ACh compared with SV-129 mice. Our findings suggest that strain differences may confound results when genetically engineered mice generated from more than a single background strain are used.
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus induces apoptosis in cultured macrophages and in spinal cords of C58 mice coincident with onset of murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Age-dependent poliomyelitis (ADPM) or murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a murine paralytic disease triggered in immunosuppressed genetically-susceptible mice by infection with the arterivirus lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). This disease provides an animal model for ALS, affecting anterior horn neurons and resulting in neuroparalysis 2-3 weeks after LDV infection. We have tested the hypothesis that spinal cord apoptosis is a feature of the LDV-induced murine ALS, since apoptosis is postulated to be a causal factor in human ALS. Gene microarray analyses of spinal cords from paralyzed animals revealed upregulation of several genes associated with apoptosis. Spinal cord apoptosis was investigated further by TUNEL and activated caspase-3 assays, and was observed to emerge concurrent with paralytic symptoms in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis was also triggered in cultured macrophages by neurovirulent LDV infection. Thus, virus-induced spinal cord apoptosis is a pre-mortem feature of ADPM, which affects both neuronal and support cells, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of this ALS-like disease.
METAL CERAMIC INTERFACE TOUGHNESS II : MECHANISMS OF FRACTURE AND ENERGY DISSIPATION

Based on observations of plasticity on fracture surfaces, we propose two fracture mechanism for Ni-sapphire interfaces. A brittle-type mechanism is proposed for the decohesion of Ni from sapphire by which cracks advance in increments of 20 nm. When particulates that increase the interface strength are present, debonding occurs at the leading edge of the particulate, and unsteady crack advance occurs. Additionally, toughening mechanisms are proposed for each type of plasticity feature observed, and the fracture energy of each mechanism is quantified. Comparison of energy dissipated by these mechanisms with measured fracture energies indicates how the fracture energy of the interface varies with sulfur segregation and environmental embrittlement.
Lower extremity superficial venous insufficiency: Percutaneous techniques of management

Tens of millions of people in the United States alone suffer from lower extremity superficial venous insufficiency. In addition to being unsightly, the majority of varicose veins are associated with symptoms which, if left untreated, can lead to venous hypertension and its sequelae. Over the past decade, increased interest in venous disorders and the development of new noninvasive diagnostic tests have contributed to tremendous advancement in the understanding and management of varicose veins. Sclerotherapy has been used effectively for many years, particularly in Europe, and remains the cornerstone of percutaneous treatment of superficial venous insufficiency. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of sclerosing agents, standardization of treatment methods, and the use of external compression have led to improvements in the technique of sclerotherapy, with superior results and fewer complications. Surgical ligation and stripping of the greater saphenous vein has been the gold standard for treatment of saphenofemoral junction incompetence for several years. Recently, transcatheter duplex-guided sclerotherapy and other new, innovative, minimally invasive techniques have been developed. Early results have shown improved safety and efficacy of transcatheter duplex-guided sclerotherapy compared with conventional ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy for treatment of greater saphenous vein reflux. Although long-term follow-up results are not yet available, these minimally invasive endovenous techniques may offer an excellent alternative to ligation and stripping for those patients who wish to avoid surgery.
Silylation of Dilute Hydroxy Compounds in Aqueous Solutions

Methode simple et rapide de silylation de composes hydroxyles comme le triethanolamine, le glycerol et les alcools acetyleniques que l'on trouve dans les shampoings, peintures, agents de surface, etc. et analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse
Penrosian Growth of the Human Capital-intensive Firm

Edith Penrose eloquently illuminated the challenge a firm’s managers face in productively applying their existing, finite human capital while simultaneously attracting and developing the new human ...
Assimilation of exogenous and dinitrogen-derived13NH4+ byAnabaena azollae separated fromAzolla caroliniana Willd

Anabaena azollae was isolated fromAzolla caroliniana by the “gentle roller” method and differential centrifugation. Incubation of suchAnabaena preparations for 10 min with [13N]N2 resulted in the formation of four radioactive compounds; ammonium, glutamine, glutamate and alanine. Ammonium accounted for 66% of the total radioactivity recovered and 58% of the ammonium was in an extracellular fraction. Since essentially no extracellular13N-labeled organic compounds were found, it appears that ammonium is the compound most probably made available toAzolla during dinitrogen-dependent growth of the association.
Use of CO 2 laser knife in surgical treatment of breast cancer

The aim of the work was the determination of the usefulness and value of carbon dioxide laser knife of Polish production in surgical treatment of breast cancer.
The Power of Participant‐Made Videos: intimacy and engagement with corporate ethnographic video

Participant-generated, self-made videos engender powerful, often highly emotional, reactions from viewers who experience a stronger connection and identification with participants and their experiences than we have ever achieved with researcher-shot footage. Reactions have ranged from shock, discomfort, and offers of Freudian psychological analyses to laughter, immediate recognition and discovery. Through several video examples from recent fieldwork we explore the reasons for this heightened reaction, and raise questions related to representation, authenticity, intimacy and the role of the ethnographer in the age of YouTube, social networking sites, and reality TV. What is the ethnographer's role when participants share their lives in videos we request that are stylistically similar to online user-generated content? What is that ethnographer's ‘Do’, and what role does she play in editing, framing and presenting these videos? How do participants conceptualize what they are creating?
Textural Evidence of Episodic Introduction of Metallic Nanoparticles into Bonanza Epithermal Ores

Tertiary low sulfidation (LS) epithermal deposits in the western USA often show evidence of the former presence of nanoparticle-sized precious-metal and silica phases in the highest grade (bonanza) ores. Here, nanoparticles are defined to have a size less than ~10−7 m. The ore-mineral textures that formed from aggregation of nanoparticles (or colloids) observed to date in these ores include electrum and naumannite (Ag2Se). Here it is proposed that chalcopyrite also forms nanoparticles in these ores, but sulfide nanoparticles apparently have significantly different physical (surface) properties than the precious-metal phases, and thus exhibit different mineral textures (e.g., no textural evidence of previous chalcopyrite nanoparticles). Textures described here show that nanoparticles of precious-metal phases and silica were episodically and often repeatedly deposited to form the banded bonanza veins typical of many western USA epithermal deposits. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant metal-sulfide mineral in these bonanza ores, and it was also deposited episodically as well, and it appears to replace earlier formed naumannite dendrites. However, this apparent “replacement” texture may just be the result of naumannite dendrite limbs trapping chalcopyrite nanoparticles that later recrystallized to the apparent replacement texture. The episodic and repetitive nature of the metal-depositing events may record periodic “degassing” of magma chambers at depth, where metals are repeatedly delivered to the shallow epithermal environment by “vapor-phase” metal (loid) transport.
Managing Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease

Anemia begins early in the course of declining kidney function and is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease. Both anemia and chronic kidney disease are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Anemia is associated with significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality, including increased risks of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Although the detrimental effects of anemia are more common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, it has been suggested that correcting anemia in early stage kidney disease may improve health-related quality of life and also delay the progression to end-stage kidney disease. The identification of anemia in early stage chronic kidney disease and its aggressive management may also improve cardiovascular complications. Anemia of chronic kidney disease is predominantly a result of abnormal erythropoietin production and iron deficiency. Anemia may be the result of kidney failure itself, blood losses, nutritional deficiencies, and endocrine disorders...
Morphology and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) diaphorase reactive neurons in human brainstem.

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactive neurons were found in several regions of human brainstem. Three major groups were located in the medulla: a dorsomedial group in the central gray and floor of the fourth ventricle, a ventromedial group in the vicinity of the medullary raphe, and a lateral group in the lateral reticular nucleus. In the upper pons a large cluster of reactive neurons was centered in the nucleus centralis oralis extending into the locus coeruleus and dorsal tegmental region. A second cluster in the lateral parabrachial nucleus merged with this group more rostrally and continued into the midbrain tegmentum (paracoeruleus-cuneiform group). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase neurons in this region often contained acetylcholinesterase activity. A second midbrain group was seen in the nucleus paranigralis. Aside from these discrete neuronal collections, scattered reactive neurons were found in the medullary reticular formation, periaqueductal gray, inferior colliculus and superior colliculus. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase neurons were classified into three groups based on somal size. Parvocellular neurons (10–20 μm) were primarily found in the ventromedial medulla and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Intermediate neurons (20–25 μm) were located in the paranigralis nucleus and dorsomedial medulla. Magnocellular neurons (25–35 μm) were characteristically found in the lateral reticular nucleus and paracoeruleus-cuneiform region. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactive neurons are present in substantial numbers in human brainstem and their distribution is complex. They represent the caudal end of a widespread network of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase-enriched neurons that extend rostrally from the brainstem reticular formation into the basal forebrain, striatum, and cerebral cortex.
Time for a sea change in Chinese collaboration.

The excavation of Nanhai 1 , a Song Dynasty ship off the coast of China by researchers based in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province (News Focus, L. Jiao, “Unprecedented excavation brings Maritime Silk Road to life,” 23 April, p. [424][1]) is one of the most exciting recent developments in research on Song Dynasty seagoing trade and technology. Scholarship on this topic has been under way for decades. In 1974, a Song Dynasty ship was unearthed and studied in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. In combination with many other sources of evidence, the find provided rich information on China's early engagement with other societies ([ 1 ][2], [ 2 ][3]). ![Figure][4] CREDIT: ZHANG WANXING Experts from and on Quanzhou should have a part in the Nanhai 1 research. Unfortunately, collaboration between cities in China can be especially difficult, both in research and education. As an urban planner who has worked for 17 years on historic preservation in Quanzhou, I have observed the city's efforts to obtain UNESCO World Heritage status on the basis of its importance to China's Maritime Silk Road, an effort in which no Chinese city has yet succeeded. UNESCO encourages multiple jurisdictions to apply together for one “property” when the heritage is extended across many geographic locations. To be successful, the Chinese central government must do more to facilitate collaboration among Quanzhou, Guangzhou, and other port cities in China and abroad that contributed to the trade. 1. [↵][5] The Song Dynasty in China ( ). 2. [↵][6] 1. R. Pearson, 2. L. Min, 3. L. Guo , Int. J. Hist. Archaeol. 6, 23 (2002). [OpenUrl][7][CrossRef][8] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.328.5977.424 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: pending:yes [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [7]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1023%252FA%253A1014881309593%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1023/A:1014881309593&link_type=DOI
Initial testing of TiB2 and TiC coated limiters in ISX-B

Abstract Low-Z coatings on graphite substrates have been developed for testing as limiters in the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX-B) tokamak. Laboratory and tokamak testings have been accomplished. The laboratory tests included thermal shock experiments by means of pulsed e-beam irradiation, arcing experiments, and hydrogen and xenon ion erosion experiments. The tokamak testing consisted of ohmically heated plasma exposures with energy depositions up to 10 kJ/discharge on the limiters. The coatings, applied by chemical vapor deposition, consisted of TiB 2 and TiC deposited on POCO graphite substrates. The limiter samples were interchanged through the use of a transfer chamber without atmospheric exposure of the ISX-B tokamak. Limiter samples were baked out in the transfer chamber before use in the tokamak. Provisions for both heating and cooling the limiter during tokamak discharges were made. Initial testing of the limiter samples consisted of exposure to only ohmically heated plasmas; subsequent testing will be performed in neutral-beam-heated plasmas having up to 3 MW of injected power. Bulk and surface temperatures of the samples were measured to allow the determination of energy deposition. Extensive plasma and edge diagnostics were used to evaluate the effect of the limiter on the plasma (e.g. vacuum ultraviolet spectrometry to determine plasma impurity concentrations, Thomson scattering to determine Z effective, IR camera to measure limiter surface temperature, and laser fluorescence spectrometry to determine neutral impurity concentration and velocity distribution in the limiter region).
Nuclear constants of nine transplutonium nuclides

Abstract The total half-lives of 252Cf, 250Cf, 253Cf are 2·646 ± 0·004 years, 13·2 ± 0·5 years and 17·6 ± 0·2 days. The ratios of α-emission to spontaneous fission for 252Cf, 250Cf, 253Es and 244Cm are 31·3 ± 0·2, 1260 ± 40, (1·15 ± 0·03)107 and (7·43 ± 0·01)105. The partial spontaneous fission half-life of 246Cm = (1·66 ± 0·10)107 years. The thermal neutron fission cross sections for 249Cf and 251Cf are 1735 ± 70 barns and 3000 ± 260 barns. A separate determination and a re-evaluation of the data from the MIKE thermonuclear event confirms the 60·5 ± 0· 2 day 254Cf half-life reported by others.
CONTRADICTIONS AND CONSENSUS: YOUTHS SPEAK OUT ABOUT JUVENILE CURFEWS

ABSTRACT Juvenile curfew laws are supposed to reduce juvenile crime and victimization. Yet, current empirical evidence demonstrates that these laws are ineffective, but cannot explain why. This study examines the New Orleans juvenile curfew law through focus group discussions with youths. The focus groups were designed to determine their experiences and reactions to this law. The major dimensions explored are their knowledge of the law, compliance with the law, reactions to enforcement of the curfew, and evaluation of the law. The results show that the adolescents’ knowledge of the curfew is incomplete, disobedience is widespread, they are concerned about unfair enforcement of the law, and yet they overwhelmingly support the curfew. Further examination of the youths’ statements show that they feel unsafe and they want parents to be responsible for them and to protect them.
From Heterojunction Interfaces to Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces

Abstract Systematic studies of Schottky barrier heights and heterojunction band discontinuities have revealed a clear correlation between these two fundamental semiconductor interface parameters. The correlation is qualitatively predicted by all major semiconductor interface models, i.e., the defect model, theories based on metal-induced gap states (MIGS), and Schottky-like models. However, the experimentally observed correlation substantially deviates from the common prediction of all these theories. We investigated the causes of this discrepancy by measuring band line-ups at semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces with metal intralayers of thickness ranging from zero to back-to-back Schottky barrier configurations. The photoemission experiments discussed here identify the chemical and morphological properties of the CdS/Al/Ge system, and indicate that the cause of the discrepancy is a Schottky-like correction term.
Telephone survey of Alaskan pharmacists' nonprescription needle-selling practices.

Objectives To determine the availability of nonprescription needles and syringes (NS) through pharmacy sales and to assess the impact of pharmacy policies and municipal paraphernalia laws on pharmacists' selling practices.
Evidence for the recycling nature of the fibronectin receptor of macrophages.

Plasma fibronectin (pFN) has been shown to mediate phagocytosis of several types of artificial particles and tissue debris by macrophages. In the present investigation some of the dynamic aspects of this receptor-mediated cellular process have been studied. Plasma fibronectin did not bind specifically to fibronectin (FN)-receptors of rat peritoneal macrophages at either 4°C or 37°C. On the other hand, pFN aggregated on the surface of gelatin-coated latex beads (gLtx) and 125I-labeled pFN covalently coupled to latex beads (pFN*-Ltx) bound strongly to macrophages at both temperatures. Both of these particles were also internalized at 37°C. Treatment of macrophages by chymotrypsin, thermolysin, or trypsin in a protein-free tissue culture medium did not affect either of the above reactions; however, pronase treatment strongly reduced both the binding and internalization of the pFN-coated particles. The pronase-treated macrophage monolayers in time regained their ability to bind and internalize pFN-gLtx* when incubated in fresh tissue culture medium. Such recovery, however, did not take place when the medium contained cycloheximide. On the other hand, phagocytosis of pFN-gLtx* was not affected directly by cycloheximide with untreated macrophages; this suggests that the FN-receptor recycles during sustained phagocytosis. This assumption was substantiated by the observations that some of the established lysosomotropic amines—i.e., chloroquine, dansylcadaverine, and dimethyldansylcadaverine—caused total inhibition of internalization without affecting the binding of particles to macrophages. Furthermore, chloroquine protected the FN-receptors against destruction by pronase. Together these results suggest that macrophage receptors for FN are protein, present both on the cell surface and intracellularly, and recycle between the plasma membrane and intracellular sites during phagocytosis.
Antecedents and consequences of consumers' attribution style: Measuring the impact of negative celebrity information

This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of consumers' attribution styles in the evaluation of negative celebrity information. In its evaluation of negative celebrity information, this study examines the effects of consumers' different attribution styles, level of identification with a celebrity endorser, and level of brand commitment. To test its hypotheses, the study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design. The three factors are attribution style, level of identification with a celebrity endorser, and level of brand commitment. Conducted through the Internet, the experiment recruited a total of 229 students from a southwestern university in the USA. The study found that people making dispositional attributions judged the endorsed brand more negatively than those making situational attributions. Confronted with negative celebrity information, consumers who identified highly with the celebrity were likely to maintain a positive attitude toward a brand and continue purchasing...
Enzyme concentrations in tissues.

In the report "Enzyme concentrations in tissues" by P. A. Srere (17 Nov., p. 936), the first equation in the next to last paragraph of the first column on p. 937 should read: U e /kg t /U e /g e = g e /kg t
The importance of forcing and tree search in Qubic

Qubic, also called three dimensional Tic-Tac-Toe, provides a good environment for developing and testing different concepts of heuristic programming and game theory. Because Qubic is a simple game one can minimize the task of learning the rules of the game as one must do in Chess or another more complex game; however, one should realize that Qubic is not a trivial game. It is not known if the person who moves first can win every game (has a win strategy) or tie every game (has a draw strategy). Citrenbaum [in 1] claims that a draw strategy exists for the game while Gammill [1] claims that a win strategy exists. The current knowledge about Qubic supports both sides. This paper proposes a solution to the game by combining the two procedures of forcing and tree search into a single strategy.
Personality correlates of cannabis dependence

Abstract The personality characteristics of 48 male volunteers were measured with the MMPI and were related to measures of cannabis withdrawal symptoms. Personality variables accounted for 25% of the variance in these symptoms. Neurotic introversion, a tendency not to deny anxiety, absence of sensation seeking and openness were traits found to relate positively to the intensity of cannabis abstinence symptoms.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 binds to placental cytotrophoblast α5β1 integrin and inhibits cytotrophoblast invasion into decidualized endometrial stromal cultures

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) can bind to the alpha5beta1 integrin and stimulate cellular migration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. IGFBP-1 is a major product of the endometrium of pregnancy (decidua), and may interact with invading cytotrophoblasts expressing alpha5beta1 integrin to modulate their invasion. The present study investigated IGFBP-1 interaction with cytotrophoblast alpha5beta1 integrin, and its effects on trophoblast attachment to fibronectin and invasion into decidualized endometrial stromal cell multilayers. IGFBP-1 incubated with cytotrophoblast extracts was co-precipitated by an antibody to the alpha5 integrin subunit. Up to 55% of radiolabeled IGFBP-1 bound to cytotrophoblasts was displaced by excess non-radioactive IGFBP-1, but not by IGFBP-3. Cytotrophoblast attachment to fibronectin was inhibited by an RGD-containing octapeptide, by antibodies to the alpha5 subunit or the alpha5beta1 heterodimer, and by IGFBP-1. Cytotrophoblasts showed limited invasion into endometrial stromal multilayers decidualized in vitro secreting abundant IGFBP-1, but invaded multilayers when IGFBP-1 production was inhibited by insulin. Invasion into insulin-treated multilayers was prevented by addition of exogenous IGFBP-1 but not by IGFBP-3. These findings suggest IGFBP-1 may modulate trophoblast invasiveness.
Cognitive accessibility and the capacity of cognitions to predict future depression: A theoretical note

Several recent studies have suggested that negative patterns of thinking are not predictive of future depression. Such conclusions are inconsistent with some current theories of depression (e.g., Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978; Beck, 1976; Ellis & Harper, 1975) that assign a major causal role to cognitions. In the present article some possible reasons for the null findings are discussed. First, it is suggested that individuals who are vulnerable to depression may differ from other persons by having highly negativistic thinking patterns, but that these patterns may be latent and less cognitively accessible than neutral or even positively valenced thinking patterns, except when it happens that the negativistic cognitions have been primed by situations (e.g., failure) analogous to the original situations in which they were learned. One important implication of these views concerns the type of testing situation in which responses to measures of an “insidious” cognitive style or negativistic thinking patterns will be most predictive of naturally occurring depression. Second, it is suggested that further attention needs to be given to certain measurement considerations that have proven important in the broader field of personality (e.g., Epstein, 1979).
A Case Study of Citizen Education and Action

Members of a citizen group are described as aggressive and dynamic adult learners addressing complex problems. Their efforts to educate themselves and their community are described. Assistance that...
X-chromosome epigenetic reprogramming in pluripotent stem cells via noncoding genes.

Acquisition of the pluripotent state coincides with epigenetic reprogramming of the X-chromosome. Female embryonic stem cells are characterized by the presence of two active X-chromosomes, cell differentiation by inactivation of one of the two Xs, and induced pluripotent stem cells by reactivation of the inactivated X-chromosome in the originating somatic cell. The tight linkage between X- and stem cell reprogramming occurs through pluripotency factors acting on noncoding genes of the X-inactivation center. This review article will discuss the latest advances in our understanding at the molecular level. Mouse embryonic stem cells provide a standard for defining the pluripotent ground state, which is characterized by low levels of the noncoding Xist RNA and the absence of heterochromatin marks on the X-chromosome. Human pluripotent stem cells, however, exhibit X-chromosome epigenetic instability that may have implications for their use in regenerative medicine. XIST RNA and heterochromatin marks on the X-chromosome indicate whether human pluripotent stem cells are developmentally ‘naive’, with characteristics of the pluripotent ground state. X-chromosome status and determination thereof via noncoding RNA expression thus provide valuable benchmarks of the epigenetic quality of pluripotent stem cells, an important consideration given their enormous potential for stem cell therapy.
Strain rate effects on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials

This paper is a detailed review of the strain rate dependence of some mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. An attempt is made to present and summarize much of the published work relating to the effect of strain rate studies done in the past on the tensile, shear, compressive, and flexural properties of composite materials to better understand the strain rate effects on these mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 296–301, 2004
Significance of basal lamina for regeneration of injured lung.

To study the relationship between basal lamina and regenerating cells, lungs of dogs were injured with intravenous injection of oleic acid. The lesion produced is characterized by desintigration of cells and by preservation of basal lamina. Within three days, regeneration with epithelial and endothelial cells, and probably with septal cells begins from the adjacent viable portions of the lung. Guided by the epithelial and endothelial basal lamina, these cells proliferate along the basal lamina surfaces, which have been denuded of cells, and in three weeks almost completely re-establish the structure and function of the lung. The new epithelial and endothelial cells grow directly upon the original basal lamina and do not deposit a new layer. Observations are presented which indicate that specific recognition systems may exist between denuded basal lamina and regenerating cells.
Magnetic resonance imaging and hepatic hemodynamics : correlation with metabolic function in liver transplantation candidates

Background Preoperative assessment of orthotopic liver transplantation candidates requires definition of both the anatomy and metabolic function of the native liver. Current evaluation techniques combine computed tomographic scanning, duplex ultrasonography with blood chemistry analysis, and physical stigmata of end-stage liver disease. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an alternative method for delineation of hepatic and portal venous anatomy. In addition, MRI accurately measures hepatic volume and portal venous blood flow. Methods To examine the role of MRI-derived indexes of hepatic hemodynamics in the preoperative assessment of liver function, 39 consecutive liver transplantation candidates were studied in a prospective manner. Liver function (aspartate aminotransferase), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and albumin levels), hematologic indexes (complete blood cell count, prothrombin time), and Child's classification were determined at the time of evaluation. Axial breath-held multiplanar spoiled-gradient echo MRI measured hepatic volume, whereas a cine phase-contrast sequence perpendicular to the portal vein measured flow. Results Hepatic index, defined as hepatic mass corrected for body surface area, was found to correlate with prothrombin time ( p p p p p p p p Conclusions We conclude that MRI may serve to noninvasively delineate preoperative hepatic vascular anatomy and metabolic dysfunction in candidates undergoing examination for liver transplantation.
Defining rock types by composition ranges

Abstract Moderate increase in the number of composition ranges used in the definition of a rock type drastically reduces the number of specimens qualifying for membership in the type. Classifications based on more than a very small number of rather broad ranges will be unrealistically exclusive.
Investigating Probability with the NBA Draft Lottery

Summary This article investigates an interesting application of probabilityin the world of sports. Specifically, it cosiders the role of permutations in the lottery used by National Basketball Association in the United States to determine the order inwhich non-playoff teams select players from the college ranks.
Here and there, now and then: four views of a long-distance teleworker's 'workplace'

For the last eight years I've worked as a long-distance teleworker from my home in Minneapolis, first for Apple Computer in California, and then for IBM in New York. In this essay I offer reflections on the nature of my workplace(s), in the hope that they may provide grist for those concerned with providing technological and organizational support for remote workers.Obviously this is a highly personal and particular account. Nevertheless, I believe that such reflections on personal experience have an important role to play in informing the ways in which the meaning of 'the workplace' is changing under the impact of new technologies. As such, this essay fits into a tradition of examinations of ways in which particular workplaces are shaped by technologies, ranging from a wide variety of studies carried out in the ethnographic tradition (e.g. [8, 9]) to more personal, reflective accounts (e.g. [1, 3]).In this essay, I work from the macro level to the micro level. I begin with the organization for which I work, and take up the complexities which emerge when I try to answer the question "Where do you work?" While one might think that at least saying where one works is a relatively simple matter, I suggest that this isn't so. Next I focus on group workplaces. In particular, I look at the meeting room, and describe an unusual experience attending a meeting via speaker phone. On the basis of this example, I suggest that while places are obviously important, something that is also important --- and much more difficult to support --- is the way in which collective interaction changes over time within a workplace. Third, I focus in on my personal workplace in my home office. I note that much of my daily activity can be viewed as movement through a trajectory of places, each which provides a different configuration of resources for collective interaction. I conclude with a discussion of my personal experiences with Loops, an online environment under development by my work group, that blends elements of group and personal workplaces.
Re-evaluating primate monogamy

Researchers propose hypotheses for the occurrence of monogamy as a social system in primates based on the assumption that there are a group of primates, including humans, which live exclusively in “nuclear families” and share a similar set of social behaviors. Examining the primates purported to be “monogamous” reveals that they cover a wide range of grouping types, mating patterns, taxonomic groups, and evolutionary grades. While there are a few primate species that do live in small, two-adult groups and share a similar set of social behaviors, the vast majority of the supposed “monogamous” primates, including humans, do not. [monogamy, social systems, evolution, variability in social organization]
Examining Sustainability Factors for Organizations that Adopted Stanford's Chronic Disease Self-Management Program.

In 2006, funds were received to replicate Stanford’s Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) among eldercare providers in Honolulu. This case study, conducted 1 year after the close of the initial 3-year replication grant, explored factors for sustaining the delivery of CDSMP, with an aim to create guidelines for cultivating sustainability. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with one representative from each of eight eldercare agencies, with the representative specified by the agency. Representatives discussed the presence and strength (low, medium, or high) of sustainability factors, including readiness, champions, technical assistance, perceived fit of CDSMP with their agency, CDSMP modifiability, perceived benefits of CDSMP, and other. Only three of the eight agencies (38%) were still offering CDSMP by the end of 2010. Agencies who sustained CDSMP rated higher on all sustainability factors compared to those that did not sustain the program. Additional factors identified by representatives as important were funding and ongoing access to pools of elders from which to recruit program participants. When replicating evidence-based programs, sustainability factors must be consciously nurtured. For example, readiness must be cultivated, multiple champions must be developed, agencies must be helped to modify the program to best fit their clientele, evaluation findings demonstrating program benefit should be shared, and linkages to funding may be needed.
Synthesis of binucleating macrocycles and their nickel(II) hydroxo- and cyano-bridged complexes with divalent ions: anatomical variation of ligand features.

The planar NNN-pincer complexes [MII(pyN2Me2)(OH)]1– (MII = Ni, Cu) fix CO2 in η1-OCO2H complexes; results for the copper system are described. MnII, FeII, CoII, and ZnII behave differently, forming [MII(pyN2Me2)2]2– with N4O2 coordination. Incorporation of the NiII pincer into binucleating macrocycle 2 containing a triamino MII locus connected by two 1,3-biphenylene groups affords proximal NiII and MII sites for investigation of the synthesis, structure, and reactivity of Ni–X–M bridge units. This ligand structure is taken as a reference for variations in MII atoms and binding sites and bridges X = OH– and CN– to produce additional members of the macrocyclic family with improved properties. Macrocycle 2 with a 22-membered ring is shown to bind MII = Mn, Fe, and Cu with hydroxo bridges. Introduction of the 4-BuiO group (macrocycle 3) improves the solubility of neutral complexes such as those with NiII–OH–CuII and NiII–CN–FeII bridges. Syntheses of macrocycle 5 with a 7-Me-[12]aneSN3 and macrocycle 6 with ...
Embassies and Sanctuaries: Women's Experiences of Race and Fear in Public Space

Women's fear in public space has received considerable scholarly and popular attention. Such fear is typically constructed from a white perspective, which reinforces prejudice and ignores the role of race in the experience of fear. Women's race prejudice and race fear are shaped and reflected in their use of the physical environment. Characteristics of the physical environment further shape these experiences. In this paper I investigate middle-class white, black and Hispanic women's experiences of race and fear in public spaces in Orange County, California. I present a typology of public spaces in which women encounter racialized others, and I map race fear onto these spaces. Experiences of fear and comfort in public space are examined, and I consider the interaction of race, class, and gender with place type and location. Particular attention is given to the form of these interactions in a post-suburban landscape.