cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN–Administrative Duplicate Publication—The Interdependence of Planning and Learning among Internal Corporate Ventures:

Kiss, A. N., Fernhaber, S., & McDougall–Covin, P. P. (2018). Slack, Innovation, and Export Intensity: Implications for Small– and Medium–Sized Enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.Jian...
How does a blind person see? Developmental change in applying visual verbs to agents with disabilities

Abstract Classic theories emphasize the primacy of first-person sensory experience for learning meanings of words: to know what “see” means, one must be able to use the eyes to perceive. Contrary to this idea, blind adults and children acquire normative meanings of “visual” verbs, e.g., interpreting “see” and “look” to mean with the eyes for sighted agents. Here we ask the flip side of this question: how easily do sighted children acquire the meanings of “visual” verbs as they apply to blind agents? We asked sighted 4-, 6- and 9-year-olds to tell us what part of the body a blind or a sighted agent would use to “see”, “look” (and other visual verbs, n = 5), vs. “listen”, “smell” (and other non-visual verbs, n = 10). Even the youngest children consistently reported the correct body parts for sighted agents (eyes for “look”, ears for “listen”). By contrast, there was striking developmental change in applying “visual” verbs to blind agents. Adults, 9- and 6-year-olds, either extended visual verbs to other modalities for blind agents (e.g., “seeing” with hands or a cane) or stated that the blind agent “cannot” “look” or “see”. By contrast, 4-year-olds said that a blind agent would use her eyes to “see”, “look”, etc., even while explicitly acknowledging that the agent's “eyes don't work”. Young children also endorsed “she is looking at the dax” descriptions of photographs where the blind agent had the object in her “line of sight”, irrespective of whether she had physical contact with the object. This pattern held for leg-motion verbs (“walk”, “run”) applied to wheelchair users. The ability to modify verb modality for agents with disabilities undergoes developmental change between 4 and 6. Despite this, we find that 4-year-olds are sensitive to the semantic distinction between active (“look”) and stative (“see”), even when applied to blind agents. These results challenge the primacy of first-person sensory experience and highlight the importance of linguistic input and social interaction in the acquisition of verb meaning.
Correlation Between Ability on Playing Tetris and GPA

The goal of this study is to determine the correlation between ability on playing Tetris and GPA of Soegijapranata Catholic University, Department of Information System students against the dexterity in playing Tetris. The research has been done using experiment method on ten Information System students who have various grade points. They played Tetris, 30 minutes each, for three consecutive days. The results showed that: First, eight out of the ten students improved their agility. It can be seen from the increasing scores and levels; Second, the coefficient correlation between student grade point and dexterity in playing Tetris is by 62%. Keywords — Ability, grade point average, Tetris
Die Infektion der Zähne und Ihrer Umgebung

Abgesehen von Vorschlagen zur Prophylaxe, Beratung wegen eines unregelmasigen Zahnes oder Masnahmen wegen eines nicht durchgebrochenen Zahnes ist alles, was uns veranlast, einen Zahnarzt aufzusuchen, Folge einer Infektion. Das mus der Zahnarzt bedenken, denn a) daraus ergibt sich, ob und was zu operieren ist, namentlich aber b), das er zuerst beurteilen mus, ob eine Allgemeinerkrankung dahintersteckt oder nicht.
Driven by Contraries The Story Behind this Special Issue

This special issue of Qualitative Inquiry has been edited to commemorate the influence of the scholarship of H. L. “Bud” Goodall Jr. to work in narrative ethnography. In this introductory essay by the editor of the journal, readers are provided with background and a brief conceptual frame for the issue.
Permanence of Type Ratings in Young Holstein Heifers

Summary To determine the repeatability of type ratings in young heifers, 544 animals in five herds were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 mo. of age. Evaluations were made on a ten-division score-card basis, and each animal was scored independently by two evaluators working simultaneously. Repeatabilities of the various type components were estimated by intra-heifer, intra-herd correlations. The correlation values between 3- and 6-mo. scores ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 for the different score-card divisions. Values between 6 and 12 mo. showed a somewhat wider range, and those between 3 and 12 mo. were somewhat lower. Variations among herds and among score-card divisions within herds are a definite limitation upon the usefulness of this information in small groups of heifers. Definite, characteristic age changes were observed in all score-card divisions. The most consistent of these were a progressive improvement in shoulders and chest (more marked between 3 and 6 mo., but also significant between 6 and 12 mo.), a drop in scores for rump and thigh between 6 and 12 mo., and a marked improvement in feet and legs between 3 and 6 mo. With some exceptions, there was a rather strong tendency for heifers to be scored higher at 6 mo. of age than at other ages. This was particularly noticeable in total score.
Methods for Optimizing Activated Materials for Removing Fluoride from Drinking Water Sources

AbstractThis paper presents the results from amending eucalyptus wood char with the following metal salts: aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, iron (II) chloride, and iron (III) nitrate. The results show that amending wood char with metal salts, which precipitate from the solution as metal oxides and amend the char surfaces, increases the ability of the wood char to remove fluoride from drinking water. Wood char alone has a Qe1.5 value of 0.04 mg/g, whereas the Qe1.5 values of the metal-amended wood chars range from 0.14 to 2.06 mg/g. Iron oxide amendments resulted in greater improvements in fluoride removal capacity than aluminum oxide amendments, with Qe1.5 values of 2.06 and 0.76 mg/g for the iron oxide–amended chars and 0.57 and 0.14 mg/g for the aluminum oxide–amended chars. Pretreating wood char with the oxidizing agents potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide increased the metal loading and fluoride removal capacities in select instances. When wood char was pretreated with potassium perma...
Metacognitive Remediation in Adult ADHD

Abstract: The neuropathology underlying ADHD most consistently points to dysfunction in corticostriatal pathways—leading to inactivation, or insufficient engagement, of frontal and prefrontal lobes. By implication there may be functional disconnection between the anterior and posterior higher cortical regions, instead of a fixed dysfunction in either one. Given this premise, reconnection of these systems via cognitive interventions constitutes a logical remedial approach in the treatment of ADHD, which this paper introduces. In particular, a hybrid model is developed which proposes integration of existing psychodynamic, cognitive, and neuropsychological interventions. An organizing theme is expansion of metacognitive understanding through these procedures, powerfully exemplified via use of metaphor in clinical vignettes.
Nucleotide sequence and initial functional characterization of the clcR gene encoding a LysR family activator of the clcABD chlorocatechol operon in Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract The 3-chlorocatechol operon clcABD is central to the biodegradative pathway of 3-chlorobenzoate. The clcR regulatory gene, which activates the clcABD operon, was cloned from the region immediately upstream of the operon and was shown to complement an insertion mutation for growth on 3-chlorobenzoate. ClcR activated the clcA promoter, which controls expression of the clcABD operon, in trans by 14-fold in an in vivo promoter probe assay in Pseudomonas putida when cells were incubated with 15 mM 3-chlorobenzoic acid. Specific binding of ClcR to the clcR-clcA intergenic promoter region was observed in a gel shift assay. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clcR gene predicts a polypeptide of 32.5 kDa, which was confirmed by using specific in vivo 35S labeling of the protein from a T7 promoter-controlled ATG fusion construct. ClcR shares high sequence identity with the LysR family of bacterial regulator proteins and has especially high homology to a subgroup of the family consisting of TcbR (57% amino acid sequence identity), TfdS, CatR, and CatM. ClcR was shown to autoregulate its own production in trans to 35% of unrepressed levels but partially relieved this autorepression under conditions that induced transcription at the clcA promoter. Several considerations indicate that the clcR-clcABD locus is most similar to the tcbR-tcbCDEF regulon.
Lumbar spine fusion with and without instrumentation

Combining our experience at the Barrow Neurological Institute with a review of the literature, we have defined the indications for fusion of the lumbar spine based on diagnostic categories. Clear indications for fusion include two-or three-column injuries produced by trauma, tumor, or infection; postoperative instability; and isthmic spondylolisthesis. Relative indications include degenerative spondylolisthesis, radiographically proven dynamic instability with pain or neurological findings, adult scoliosis, and mechanical back pain. Fusion is rarely indicated in the setting of routine microdiscectomy; abnormal radiographs without appropriate findings (eg, degenerative disc disease); facet joint syndrome; failed back surgery; or stable spinal stenosis.
Domain decomposition for elliptic partial differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions

Abstract A preconditioned conjugate gradient method with domain decomposition has been formulated for finite difference and finite element discretezations of elliptic partial differential equations. Our construction of this preconditioner allows one to solve large two-dimensional problems on vector and parallel machines in a robust and efficient fashion.
Tropomyosin Is Essential for Processive Movement of a Class V Myosin from Budding Yeast

Summary Myosin V is an actin-based motor protein involved in intracellular cargo transport [1]. Given this physiological role, it was widely assumed that all class V myosins are processive, able to take multiple steps along actin filaments without dissociating. This notion was challenged when several class V myosins were characterized as nonprocessive in vitro, including Myo2p, the essential class V myosin from S. cerevisiae [2–6]. Myo2p moves cargo including secretory vesicles and other organelles for several microns along actin cables in vivo. This demonstrated cargo transporter must therefore either operate in small ensembles or behave processively in the cellular context. Here we show that Myo2p moves processively in vitro as a single motor when it walks on an actin track that more closely resembles the actin cables found in vivo. The key to processivity is tropomyosin: Myo2p is not processive on bare actin but highly processive on actin-tropomyosin. The major yeast tropomyosin isoform, Tpm1p, supports the most robust processivity. Tropomyosin slows the rate of MgADP release, thus increasing the time the motor spends strongly attached to actin. This is the first example of tropomyosin switching a motor from nonprocessive to processive motion on actin.
Physics Basis and Progress for a Translating FRC for MTF

We describe a physics scaling model used to design the high density field reversed configuration (FRC) at LANL that will translate into a mirror bounded compression region, and undergo Magnetized Target Fusion compression to a high energy density plasma. At Kirtland AFRL the FRC will be compressed inside a flux conserving cylindrical shell. The theta pinch formed FRC will be expelled from inside a conical theta coil. Even though the ideal FRC has zero helicity and toroidal magnetic field, significant non-ideal properties follow from formation within a conical (not cylindrical) theta coil. The FRC stability and lifetime properties may improve. Several experimental features will also allow unique scientific investigations of this high Lundquist number but collisional plasma.
Expression of simian virus 40 large T (tumor) oncogene in mouse chondrocytes induces cell proliferation without loss of the differentiated phenotype.

Abstract We have infected primary embryonic mouse limb chondrocytes with a retrovirus carrying simian virus 40 early regions and have obtained a monoclonal mouse chondrocyte line, MC615, that was able to grow on culture dishes for at least 7 months and 20 passages. MC615 cells show expression of simian virus 40 large T (tumor) antigen and express markers characteristic of cartilage in vivo, such as types II, IX, and XI collagen, as well as cartilage aggrecan and link protein. These data show that cell growth induced by large T oncogene expression does not prevent the maintenance of the chondrocytic phenotype.
Modifying electronic communication in dimolybdenum units by linkage isomers of bridged oxamidate dianions.

Reactions of Mo2(O2CCH3)(DAniF)3, DAniF = N,N‘-di-p-anisylformamidinate, with oxamidate dianions [ArNC(O)C(O)NAr]2-, Ar = C6H5 and p-anisyl, give pairs of isomeric compounds where the [Mo2] units are bridged by the oxamidate anions. For the α isomers, the C−C unit of the dianion is nearly perpendicular to the Mo−Mo bonds, and these are essentially perpendicular to each other. For the β isomers, the corresponding C−C unit and the Mo−Mo bonds are essentially parallel to each other. Each type of isomer is stable in solution. The electronic communication as measured by the ΔE1/2 for the oxidation of each of the Mo2 units is significantly better for the β isomers. This is supported also by the appearance of what is conventionally called an intervalence charge-transfer band in the near infrared region upon oxidation of the β isomers but not the α isomers. Molecular mechanics and DFT calculations help explain the relative conformations in the α isomers and the relative energy differences between the α and β isomers.
Drug resistance in malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines.

Purpose: We evaluated the in vitro sensitivity of four malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) cell lines to six chemotherapeutic agents: 5-fluororuacil, vincristine, carboplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and paclitaxel. We also sought to determine whether a defect in the p53 signaling pathway may contribute to the pronounced drug resistance of MRT. Methods: MRT cells were treated with various concentrations of each drug and the effects on DNA synthesis were quantified using a thymidine incorporation assay. In addition, the effect of various concentrations of doxorubicin on cell growth was evaluated in all four cell lines. Functionality of the p53 pathway was evaluated by incubating cells with carboplatin or doxorubicin and monitoring the effects on the levels of the p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, and MDM 2 proteins by Western blot analyses. Results: Vincristine (EC50 0.5–2.9 nM) and doxorubicin (EC50 1.9–5.7 nM) were found to be most effective in inhibiting proliferation and were within clinically relevant concentrations. However, only doxorubicin exhibited cytotoxicity (EC50 2.4–13.1 nM), whereas vincristine and the other drugs tested were cytostatic. Interestingly, all four cell lines had remarkably similar dose response curves to all drugs tested, despite the fact that they were derived from different patients and arose in different tissues. When challenged with DNA-damaging drugs, p53 and the downstream effectors, p21WAF1/CIP1 and MDM 2 were upregulated. Conclusions: These studies indicate that the p53 pathway is functional and responsive to DNA-damaging drugs, and does not likely contribute to the drug resistance of MRT. The in vitro sensitivity of MRT cells to doxorubicin suggests that it may be a clinically important agent for the treatment of MRT.
Optical diagnostic equipment for evaluating a wide field-of-view phased array telescope

A key feature of the Multipurpose Multiple Telescope Testbed (MMTT) is its relatively wide field of view -- up to 30 arcminutes total. A thorough evaluation of the telescope array necessitates some form of image analysis over this field. System designers chose the star test, here modified to simltaneously display point spread functions (PSFs) at several locations in the image plane. Deviations of the image structure from ideal indicate control system deficiencies. Diagnostics hardware was designed and built to both simulate numerous unresolved light sources throughout the field of view and to display several of the corresponding images for detailed analysis. The resultant multiple target generator is an array of precision pinholes complete with beam-converting optics that require minimal alignment. PSFs are displayed with modern solid-state video equipment. Image irradiance cross-sections can be readily compared with theoretical predictions.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Palliative Care for the Patient With Mesothelioma

The role of palliative care in the medical management of malignant mesothelioma is multifaceted, requiring proficiency in multiple disciplines. Pain management is a key aspect of this care. The most common sources of pain are postthoracotomy syndrome, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, involvement of the intercostal nerves by tumor invading the chest wall, and dyspnea. The palliative care provider also must be prepared to recognize and treat psychological disorders, to identify other social and spiritual sources of distress, including anxiety and depression, and to provide or arrange for counseling to patient and family for advance care planning, as well as grief and bereavement.
Modification of Enhancer Chromatin: What, How, and Why?

Emergence of form and function during embryogenesis arises in large part through cell-type- and cell-state-specific variation in gene expression patterns, mediated by specialized cis -regulatory elements called enhancers. Recent large-scale epigenomic mapping revealed unexpected complexity and dynamics of enhancer utilization patterns, with 400,000 putative human enhancers annotated by the ENCODE project alone. These large-scale efforts were largely enabled through the understanding that enhancers share certain stereotypical chromatin features. However, an important question still lingers: what is the functional significance of enhancer chromatin modification? Here we give an overview of enhancer-associated modifications of histones and DNA and discuss enzymatic activities involved in their dynamic deposition and removal. We describe potential downstream effectors of these marks and propose models for exploring functions of chromatin modification in regulating enhancer activity during development.
Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Preferences in Rural Primary Care

Pharmacotherapy is a critical adjunct to smoking cessation therapy. Little is known about relative preferences for these agents among smokers in primary care settings. In the context of a population-based clinical trial, we identified 750 smokers in primary care practices and independent of their readiness to quit offered them a free treatment course of either bupropion or transdermal nicotine replacement (TNR). Smokers opting for pharmacotherapy completed standardized contraindication screens that were reviewed by the patient's primary care physician. Most participants (67%) requested pharmacotherapy. Use of pharmacotherapy was positively associated with higher nicotine dependence and readiness to quit. Of the smokers requesting pharmacotherapy, 51% requested bupropion and 49% requested TNR. Choice of bupropion was related to no history of heart disease and no previous use of bupropion. Although potential contraindications to treatments were identified for 21.7% of bupropion and 6.6% of TNR recipients, physicians rarely felt that these potential contraindications precluded the use of these agents. When cost is removed as a barrier, a large proportion of rural smokers are eager to use smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, especially agents that they have not tried before. Although some comorbid conditions and concurrent drug therapies were considered contraindications, particularly to bupropion, physicians rarely considered these clinically significant risks enough to deny pharmacotherapy.
Effects of IFN-γ on intracellular trafficking and activity of macrophage NADPH oxidase flavocytochrome b558

Flavocytochrome b558, the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), mediates electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen to generate superoxide, the precursor of highly ROS for host defense. Flavocytochrome b558 is an integral membrane heterodimer consisting of a large glycosylated subunit, gp91phox, and a smaller subunit, p22phox. We recently showed in murine macrophages that flavocytochrome b558 localizes to the PM and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes, whereas in primary hMDMs, gp91phox and p22phox reside in the PM and the ER. The antimicrobial activity of macrophages, including ROS production, is greatly enhanced by IFN-γ, but how this is achieved is incompletely understood. To further define the mechanisms by which IFN-γ enhances macrophage NADPH oxidase activity, we evaluated changes in flavocytochrome b558 expression and localization, along with NADPH oxidase activity, in IFN-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and primary murine BMDMs and hMDMs. We found that enhanced capacity for ROS production is, in part, a result of increased protein expression of gp91phox and p22phox but also demonstrate that IFN-γ induced a shift in the predominant localization of gp91phox and p22phox from intracellular membrane compartments to the PM. Our results are the first to show that a cytokine can change the distribution of macrophage flavocytochrome b558 and provide a potential, new mechanism by which IFN-γ modulates macrophage antimicrobial activity. Altogether, our data suggest that the mechanisms by which IFN-γ regulates antimicrobial activity of macrophages are more complex than previously appreciated.
Effect of Feeding Different Ratios of Roughage to Concentrate upon Milk Production and Digestibility of the Ration

Summary A randomized block design was used to study the productive and digestive efficiency of cows consuming rations containing 80, 60, and 40% dry matter from roughage and the balance from concentrates. Twelve animals were used and the experimental period was 112 days in length. Digestibility trials, involving total fecal collections, were conducted at about the 10th and 20th wk. of lactation. In addition, eight dry cows were used for obtaining digestibility values on the roughage portion of the ration. As the proportion of concentrate in the ration became larger, the apparent digestibility coefficients of the mixed ration increased for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, N-free extract, and total carbohydrates (crude fiber plus N-free extract). Total digestible nutrient and dry matter intakes also increased. The apparent digestibility of crude fiber decreased as the proportion of concentrate in the ration increased. There was no significant difference in the average amounts of milk produced by the animals consuming the different rations. Efficiency of milk production, expressed as pounds of total digestible nutrients per pound of 4% fat-corrected milk produced, decreased as the proportion of concentrate in the ration increased. The data support other reports which suggest that present U. S. feeding standards for dairy cattle are not as accurate at high or low levels of production as at medium levels, and that they are more accurate with usual rations than with very high proportions of either concentrates or roughage.
Redetermination of the standard enthalpy of formation of Lu5Ge3 by high temperature, direct synthesis calorimetry

Abstract The standard enthalpies of formation of LuSi, Lu5Sn3 and Lu5Ge3 have been remeasured by direct synthesis calorimetry at 1473±2 K. The following ΔH 1 ° (kJ mol 1 ) values of atoms are reported: LuSi −79.1±2.7; Lu5Sn3 −75.1±2.7; Lu5Ge3 −93.1±2.2. The results are compared with our previously reported values.
Restoring blood pressure reperfused Wernicke’s area and improved language

Longitudinal clinical and imaging data from a patient who sustained a left frontal-temporal stroke with hypoperfusion of the adjacent Wernicke’s area are reported. His language deficits were partially ameliorated by pharmacologically increasing his blood pressure, and were exacerbated when blood pressure dropped. There was a striking temporal and statistical correlation between mean arterial pressure and language accuracy. MR perfusion imaging showed that language gains were accompanied by improved perfusion of Wernicke’s area when mean arterial pressure was increased.
Azygous lobe presenting as a posterior mediastinal mass in a 2-year-old boy.

Abstract Posterior mediastinal masses encompass a varied group of surgical lesions that include malignant diseases as well as the anatomic malformations of four organ systems. The authors report on a 2-year-old child with a posterior mediastinal mass who was found at thoracotomy to have a chronically infected “hepatized” azygous lobe of the right lung. The authors review current literature on this topic as well as the embryogenesis of azygous lobes.
Synchronization of division in vitamin B12-starved Euglena gracilis.

SYNOPSIS Vitamin B12 deficiency arrests cell division in Euglena gracilis. B12 starvation for short periods made it possible to induce synchronous growth by addition of the vitamin. Culture conditions were established to optimize replenishment synchrony. The DNA content of E. gracilis in steady state culture and vitamin B12 deficiency culture was measured by flow cytofluorometry and was consistent with colorimetric determinations. The cell volume and DNA distributions of E. gracilis in synchronous culture were analyzed and the sequential changes during the division cycle were computed. Synchronous culture permits more definitive studies of shifts in cell volume and DNA distributions, in which the biochemical events required for cell division are presumably synchronized.
Part II: Recent Advances in Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Myocardial contrast enhancement following intravenous infusions or injections of perfluorocarbon-containing microbubbles has now been observed consistently in humans. Currently, the major challenge facing us is interpreting accurately what we see. The myocardial contrast patterns we observe have, thus far, been shown to detect myocardial perfusion abnormalities during dipyridamole, adenosine, and dobutamine stress echocardiography. They also have been shown to detect zones of no reflow following coronary revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. These preliminary data will require validation in larger multicenter clinical studies.
Security and coordination in a clandestine organization

We develop a model of an underground organization. The model is designed to highlight the tradeoff between the operational capacity and operational security of clandestine groups. The underground in this paper is defined by a collection of individual cells that are united by a network of internal communications. The attributes of this network, we show, have important implications for the vitality of an underground group in the face of regime efforts to identify and target its component cells. We examine the implications of various network designs for group performance in the short run, and the implications the group's short run performance will have for its operational prospects in the long run. In the final section of the paper, we discuss the conditions under which a conflict between a regime and an underground organization will reach three alternative equilibria. The results of this paper will be useful to those interested in both the design and dismemberment of clandestine organizations.
NONLINEAR PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES

Many physical processes have distributions of times between events that have non-normalizable, power law probability density functions ~PDF’s !. The moments of such distributions are not defined. We found that the PDF’s of the times between events of ventricular tachyarrhythmia ~rapid heart rate! and premature ventricular contractions have a power law form indicative of a non-normalizable distribution, and that the timing between these events cannot be meaningfully characterized by the mean frequency of such events. The Hurst analysis showed that there were self-similar correlations in the data. These results indicate that the physical processes that disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart produce a fractal pattern in the timing between these events. It also suggests that the mean and the variance of the frequency of these events may not be good measures to assess the status of patients with these arrhythmias and determine the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures. @S1063-651X~98!01209-4# PACS number~s!: 87.10.1e
The Lessons of John Locke or Hernando de Soto: What if Your Dreams Come True?

Abstract Hernando de Soto has presented the most powerful argument for the extension of property rights since John Locke's revolutionary Two Treatises of Government in 1689. De Soto calls for the legal titling of land for squatters and other illegal occupants of the informal economy on a promise of efficiency (increased productivity of land). However, efficiency arguments, which have dominated recent literature on property law and economics, fall short of an adequate basis for a just doctrine. Drawing on the theories of John Locke, this article addresses the need to understand the rules required to sustain the equity goals of society in the expansion of property ownership. These rules focus on the meaning of property, constraints on its use and accumulation, and delineation of the institutional embeddedness of these rights and obligations. Evidence from the impact of U.S. tax policy on housing illustrates the importance of property rules and their structure.
Accuracy and efficiency of a moving-zone method in the time-domain simulation

Abstract A moving zone approach is developed to overcome the barrier of the computing power required for a large, single-domain time-domain simulation for possible long-range acoustic propagation. This concept uses a moving computational domain that follows an acoustic wave. The size and interval of motion of the domain are problem dependent. In this study, an Euler-type moving domain in a stationary coordinate frame is investigated. Size effects, resolution requirement, moving-domain intervals, and boundary conditions for the moving domain are considered. The results are compared and verified with both analytical solutions and results from the single large-domain simulation. Perfectly-matched layers are employed at the free-space boundary in the moving domain.
An electrophysiological study of 2-hexanone and 2,5-hexanedione neurotoxicity in rats

Abstract n-Hexane and its metabolites are neurotoxic to animals and man. Studies have revealed a progressive neuropathy which affects the distal regions of motor and sensory peripheral nerves. This paper describes efforts to determine whether 2-hexanone or 2,5-hexanedione is more neurotoxic to rats when given in drinking water. Our results show that 2,5-hexanedione is more neurotoxic than 2-hexanone and that it first affects the distal axon. Concentrations of 20 mM produced no effects after 3 weeks but 40 mM increased distal latency after 2 weeks.
A data mining-based subset selection for enhanced discrimination using iterative elimination of redundancy

The presence of redundant or irrelevant features in data mining may result in a mask of underlying patterns. Thus one often reduces the number of features by applying a feature selection technique. The objective of feature selection is to get a feature subset that has the best performance. This work proposes a new feature selection method using orthogonal filtering and nonlinear representation of data for an enhanced discrimination performance. An orthogonal filtering is implemented to remove unwanted variation of data. The proposed method adopts kernel principal component analysis, one of nonlinear kernel methods, to extract nonlinear characteristics of data and to reduce the dimensionality of data. The proposed feature selection method is based on the selection criterion of linear discriminant analysis in an environment of iterative backward feature elimination. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those of three different methods. The results showed that it outperforms the three methods. The use of filtering and a kernel method was shown to be a promising tool for an efficient feature selection.
Interstate competition in the US South for South Korean auto investments: a US perspective

Multinational corporations (MNCs) recognize the importance of optimizing their international site-selection decision(s). Similarly, host regions recognize the potential economic benefits of securing ‘greenfield’ investment projects. Thus, there is intense intra-regional competition to secure ‘trophy investments’. The extant research offers little insight to the very final stages of the site-selection negotiation process. No previous study has examined in detail the final stages of international site-selection negotiations involving South Korean MNCs. This paper focuses on the role of US government officials and Southern state stakeholders seeking to secure investments by Hyundai Motors and Kia Motors. It offers an exploratory eclectic theory to explain site-selection decisions.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Outpatient Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections

Purpose: We characterize the current national patterns of antibiotic resistance of outpatient pediatric urinary tract infection.Materials and Methods: We examined outpatient urinary isolates from p...
Use of partial AUC to demonstrate bioequivalence of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release formulations.

Purpose FDA’s bioequivalence recommendation for Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release Tablets is the first to use partial AUC (pAUC) metrics for determining bioequivalence of modified-release dosage forms. Modeling and simulation studies were performed to aid in understanding the need for pAUC measures and also the proper pAUC truncation times.
A Case of Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia with Block Present almost Continuously for Twenty-Five Years

The following case report is that of a man who showed electrocardiographic and clinical evidence of paroxysmal auricular tachycardia with block most of the time during a twenty-five year period of observation. The auricular rate was almost always in the vicinity of 200 per minute and the A-V ratio varied between 1 to 1 and 1 to 4. On only one brief occasion was there evidence of congestive failure. He was able to go through two major surgical operations without any difficulty and at present at the age of 79 years he is still ambulatory without cardiac symptoms.
Metabolic responses to suckling in postpartum lactating rats

Abstract The effects of suckling on the metabolic activity both of pituitary tissue and of subnuclei in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus were assessed by means of the [ 14 C]deoxyglucose (2-DG) method of autoradiography. Three groups of female rats were deprived of their pups and of food for 6 h on the fifth or sixth day after parturition. Metabolic activity was assessed either before, during, or after a bout of suckling. The anterior pituitary is more active in suckled than in either non-suckled or postsuckled females. These difference may be a consequence of depletion/transformation/repletion of prolactin during a bout of suckling. The posterior pituitary is metabolically more active in suckled females and in postsuckled females than in non-suckled rats. These differences may reflect metabolic activity needed for the dynamics of oxytocin release and the restoration of ionic gradients. The dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the supraoptic nucleus and the lateral, dorsal, and posterior subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus were more active in postsuckled females than in non-suckled females. These metabolic changes in the subnuclei of the magnocellular neurohypophysial system may reflect increased resynthesis of oxytocin (and vasopressin) in the cell bodies following a bout of suckling.
Reconstruction of male external genitalia with elephantiasis

Abstract The surgical rehabilitation of a patient with severely deformed and functionally disabled genitalia due to long-standing lymphedema and infection is described and illustrated. The term “elephantiasis” has been applied to such gross lesions. Appropriate surgery to the penis, scrotum, and perineum has yielded a gratifying result. The principles and techniques of the surgical approach in such an undertaking are presented and discussed.
Propagation of guided waves in adhesive bonded components

The objective of this research is to use analytical and computational models to develop a quantitative understanding of the propagation of guided Lamb waves in multi-layered, adhesive bonded components. Key issues of this study include the effect of the adhesive bond layer, including its low stiffness (relative to the adherends) and viscoelastic behavior. The propagation of these guided waves are interpreted in terms of dispersion relationships, displacement profiles and attenuation curves (both as functions of frequency and wavenumber). The ultimate goal of this study is to determine the effectiveness and sensitivity of guided Lamb waves to determine the in situ properties of an adhesive bond. A combination of the analytical model, transient FEM simulation and experimental measurements provides a better understanding of the guided wave's behavior in this layered waveguide.
A non-Markovian stochastic model for the Taichung medical IUD experiment

Abstract A non-Markovian stochastic model is developed and validated within the context of data from the Taichung Medical IUD Study. The principles of the more traditionally used semi-Markov processes are first set down, along with the presentation of a computing algorithm to handle a key calculation arising in connection with these processes. Then, the set of data from the Taichung study is described, and an indication is given as to why a Markovian process is inappropriate for modeling the behavior reported in these data. Using semi-Markov processes to model various portions of the reproductive process, an overall non-Markovian model is developed with a view towards the contraceptive-pregnancy history of an individual as a sequential decision process. Some calculations based on this model are presented along with empirical determinations from the data reflecting what actually occurred. A comparison of these calculations and determinations shows that the model seems to describe the behavior reported quite well.
Neonatal Death Dwarfism: (Report of 17 cases)

SUMMARY 17 cases of neonatal death dwarfism are reported. They include Majewski syndrome, Meckel syndrome, Homozygous Achondroplasia, Rhizo-melic type of Punctate Epiphyseal Dysplasia, Cloverleaf Skull syndrome, Lethal form of Osteo-genesis Imperfecta, Campomelic Dwarfism and Achondrogenesis syndromes. The authors believe that there are four well differentiated types of Achondrogenesis which can be recognised on x-ray examination alone. These are Achondrogenesis I as reported by Parenti31 and Fraccaro4, Achondrogenesis II as delineated by Goard and Kozlowski5 as “Thana-tophoric Dwarfism II”, and Achondrogenesis III as reported by Hams et al.8 as “Pseudoachondro-genesis with Fractures”. Three cases of neonatal death dwarfism — two of them familial — with some distinct features are reported and a tentative designation of Achondrogenesis IV is proposed. The authors regard as unlikely the possibility that Achondrogenesis IV may represent different stages or a variant of Achondrogenesis I, II or III. In every case of neonatal death dwarfism, photographs, radiographs, biochemical, histological and histochemical studies should be performed. This may help to classify this group of diseases and finally establish the causative biochemical defect.
Evaluation of root growth limiting factors in spodic horizons of spodosols

ABSTRACT Spodic horizon in Spodosols often restricts growth of plant roots. Generally the Spodic horizon is acidic with high levels of aluminum (Al). In this study soil solution Al was characterized in the Spodic horizon and the respective surface horizon of three Spodosols in the major citrus production region in Florida. The soil pH ranged from 4.92 to 5.14, and 4.82 to 5.50 in the Spodic and top soil samples, respectively. The modified aluminon analytical technique was used to measure the concentrations of Al in the soil solution as monomeric Al which includes both organic and inorganic monomeric Al complexes, and as reactive Al (which excludes most of the organically complexed Al). The organically complexed Al was estimated by the difference between the above two concentrations. The concentrations of total Al in soil solutions were measured by the aluminon technique. The polymeric Al was estimated by the difference between the total and monomeric Al concentrations. Further, the activities of different...
Comparative Study of the Convergence Rates of Two Numerical Techniques

The paper examines the applicability of the three-step Stetter (1968) method to the problem of hypersonic viscous flow over a blunt axisymmetric body used for planetary entry probes at zero angle of attack. The flow-field results using the two-step finite-difference MacCormack (1969) method are reported by Kumar and Graves (1977). Only the computational efficiency of Stetter's method is compared with that of MacCormack's in terms of the iterative time steps and computing time required for the steady-state solution. Advantages of Stetter's method over MacCormack's are established.
To write alone or not to write alone, that is the question

Correspondence: David E Vance Center for Nursing Research, School of Nursing, 1701 University Boulevard, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA Tel +1 20 59347589 Fax +1 20 5996 7183 Email devance@uab.edu Over the past 20 years, I have written and published over 150 book chapters and journal articles, with others and alone. Despite such collaborative efforts in generating articles, writing itself is a solitary act, requiring a great deal of concentration, knowledge, and dedication, along with a keen eye for detail. And it is that solitary approach that I would like to address. Since writing is such a solitary exercise, why do we write in groups? Clearly, fantastic advantages (eg, insights in conceptualization, help with interpretation and analysis of data, valuable feedback in revising the article) as well as dismal disadvantages (eg, personality clashes, extra time needed) exist for doing so. In fact, viewing scientific writing as a continuum ranging from a single/solo author to a team of multiple coauthors, a few of the pros and cons can be observed along both ends of this framework as is outlined in Figure 1; these include authorship determination, amount of workload, coordination of others, production speed, and quality checks. Starting at the solo author end of this continuum, let me begin by saying, I prefer to work on articles alone, at least initially as I’m developing the ideas, pulling the reference materials together, developing the outline, and putting pen to paper. Although I handle most of the workload when I draft the article, one reason I prefer writing alone is because when I complete a draft of the article there is no doubt that I am the first author because most of the article reflects my original thoughts and insights. Another reason I prefer to write alone is that I can be as creative and unorthodox in my reasoning as I like; likewise, I can focus on the topics that appeal to me. From a “going for promotion” perspective, I also like writing alone because I am in control of how fast the article will be written; if it does not get done, I have no one to blame but myself. But if I am writing with others, many times the production of the article is delayed as I wait on my coauthors to finish their substantial contributions which in some instances can linger for months (or in rare cases years). Yet there are several disadvantages to writing alone, such as lacking a specific skill set or knowledge base needed to improve the article. Also, let us not discount the value of balancing one’s point of view with the professional perspective of someone from another discipline; such intellectual feedback certainly can contribute to the enhancement of the article. Given these compelling reasons, I try to balance the advantages and disadvantages of both sides of the solo – team writing continuum by adopting a middle path. Once the article is drafted, I frequently invite colleagues with expertise in certain areas, to substantially contribute to the conception and interpretation of the findings of the Dovepress
Pore-water silver concentration gradients and benthic fluxes from contaminated sediments of San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A.

Estimates of the benthic fluxes of silver within San Francisco Bay substantiate the proposal that diagenetic remobilization is an important source of silver in surficial waters of the estuary (G.J. Smith and Flegal, 1993). Dissolved ( 620 pM), the average (x ± 1 sd) dissolved pore-water concentration of silver from these three embayments was 120 ± 140 pM. The apparent molar partition coefficient of silver (log DAg∗) in pore waters of benthic sediments (≤ 2 cm deep) within San Francisco Bay ranged from 3.7 to 5.8 (5.1 ± 5.2), which was consistent with the previously reported partitioning of silver within the bay surface waters (G.J. Smith and Flegal, 1993) (log DAg∗ 5.3 ± 0.3). Estimated diffusive benthic fluxes of silver were greatest at sites affected by waste water outfalls with relatively elevated concentrations of silver in the effluent. Upper limit estimates of the integrated net benthic flux of silver to South Bay (32–290 mol yr−1) indicate that it could be 2.5-fold greater than the estimated fluvial input of dissolved silver (∼ 111 mol yr−1) to the estuary (G.J. Smith and Flegal, 1993).