cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of intrauterine position on the survival, reproduction and home range size of female house mice (Mus musculus)

In laboratory studies using albino house mice, a female's prior intrauterine position can affect many postnatal physiological, morphological and behavioral characteristics. Females flanked by males in utero (2M females) exhibit more aggressive dominance than females flanked by females (OM females). Thus, wild 2M females may be most successful during peak population densities when their aggressive nature would allow them to displace other females from limited resources. 2M and 0M females and males delivered by cesarean section were individually marked and released as young adults on two occasions onto a “highway island” (the area enclosed by exit and entrance ramps at an interchange) to determine whether 2 M females have a competitive advantage over 0 M females in the field. Males were included to create realistic population structure; their intrauterine position was not a treatment. Feeding stations afforded individuals an opportunity to exhibit their dominance by maintaining home-ranges at or near the stations. The populations were monitored by periodic live-trapping and reproductive success was determined using field body weights and by post-mortem examination for uterine implantation scars. Survival and capture rates were estimated, using a modified Jolly-Seber markrecapture program, for each of four intervals between trapping occasions over the course of 7 weeks. There were no overall differences in survivorship between 2M and 0M females, neither type of female was caught more frequently at feeding stations and they did not differ in measures of reproductive success. However, 2M females had significantly larger home-range sizes than 0M females and thus space use may be a trait “masculinized” by prior intrauterine position. Although there are a number of life-history characteristics that differ between 0M and 2M females in the laboratory that we did not test specifically in the field, our findings and other features of wild house mouse biology suggest that prior intrauterine position does not have a strong effect on survival and reproduction in the wild.
Accelerated thermal life testing for random-wound, polyimide wrapped medium voltage machines

A test procedure for thermal life testing of polyimide wrapped medium voltage machines has been developed and initial testing has occurred. Polyimide wrapped medium voltage motors, such as those tested by this new procedure, are primarily used in electric submersible pump (ESP) systems. Current thermal life testing standards do not adequately support these ESP machines. The reason for the gap in the standards as currently constituted is the unique design constraints that are imposed on ESP machines by their oilfield applications. ESP motors are used in deep, downhole applications that require wide ranges of horsepower and a supply voltage between 2kV and 7kV. These motors must fit into an oil well casing that imposes a motor frame with an outside diameter between 3 and 9 inches. These design requirements significantly restrict the design of the insulation system. In most cases machine designs are polyimide wrapped (most areas of the machine have less than 10 mils of insulation) polyimide-based systems. The new test procedures are based on existing standards but take into consideration the unique design and the unique application of ESP motors. This paper discusses the distinctive aspects of the machine's application and design, outlines the new testing procedure and reviews initial test results. Further, this paper discusses how this testing procedure fits into the landscape of insulation life testing standards.
The effect of amniotic fluid aspiration on pulmonary function in the adult and newborn rabbit.

The Effect of Amniotic Fluid Aspiration on Pulmonary Function in the Adult and Newborn Rabbit
America's Ancient Forests: From the Ice Age to the Age of Discovery

PART ONE: THE MAKING OF AMERICA'S ANCIENT FORESTS. The Great Cold. Glacial Ages. Climate and Ice. Land of the Great Cold. End of the Ice Age. Ice Age Forests. Life Near the Ice. The Spruce Forest. Western Forests. Southern Forests. Finding the Lost Prairies. Creatures of the Ice Age. The Birth of Modern Forests. Trees Begin to Move. Pioneer and Settler Trees. Spruce Migration. Trees Abandon the Great Plains. Trees Advance in the Midwest and East. Trees Advance in the West. The Great Drought. The Next Ice Age. Ancient People in a New World. First Footprint. Passage South. Setting the West. The Way East. Trail to Florida. Journey to Another Continent. Taming a Wilderness. Mammoth Hunters. Ice Age Extinctions. The Holocene. Bison Hunters. Hunter-Gatherers. Decline and Return of the Bison. Settlement and the Seasonal Round. Harvesting the Forest. Nourishment and Healing. Temporary and Portable Shelter. Plank Houses and Canoes. Enhancing Nature's Bounty. Wild Gardens. Agriculture and Forests in the Southwest. The Hohokam. The Anasazis. Agriculture and Forests in the East. Early Mound Builders. The Adena. The Hopewell. The Mississippians. Warfare and Forests. Historical Times. Fire Masters. A World of Fire. Hissing, Roaring Flames. Fire People. Country Very Smoky. Their Fires are Left Burning. The Ominous Smoke Signal. Firing the Forests of Their Enemies. Fire Hunters. Circles of Fire. Their Wings are Scorched. That Necessity May Drive Them. Green and Fair Pasturage. To Render Hunting Easier. Just Set Your Teepee Up There. They Knew Where to Burn. Little Hair (Pelillo). To Dry and Cook. Straight and Slender. Burned Places in the Forest (Go-ley-day). Keeping the Country Open. A Pleasant Meadow. Prairies and Open Grounds along the Coast. Little Knots of Deer. To Prepare the Ground. They Cleared the Way with Fire. Because the Woods Were Not Burnt. PART TWO: FORESTS AT DISCOVERY. Timeless Qualities of Ancient Forests. Patches. Succession. Shifting Mosaics. Mutual Dependence. The Spanish Explorer's Forests. Southern Pine Forests. Pi?on-Juniper and Juniper Woodlands. Pacific Oak Woodlands. Valley Woodlands. Foothill Woodlands. Coastal Woodlands. Northern Woodlands. Coast Redwood Forest. Forests of the Colonies. Oak-Chestnut Forest. Eastern White Pine Forest. Beech-Maple Forest. Red Spruce--Fir and Balsam Fir Forests. Southern Red Spruce--Fir Forest. Northern Red Spruce--Fir Forest. High Mountain Balsam Fir Forest. Forests of the Fathers. White Spruce Forest. Great Lakes Pine Forests. Jack Pine Forest. Red and White Pine Forests. Oak-Hickory Forest. Oak Savannas. Bottomland and Protected Forests. Oak Woodlands. The Trapper's Forests. Ponderosa Pine Forest. Lodgepole Pine Forest. Pacific Douglas-Fir Forest. Giant Sequoia Forest. Notes and Citations. Bibliography. Index.
The Divine Dignity of Human Persons in Dignitatis humanae

This article concludes our formal series commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Vatican II. The author inquires about the idea of human dignity that inspired Dignitatis humanae, the Declaration on Religious Freedom. The idea is grounded in the fact that human beings are created in the image of God; they are intelligent and free, replicas of divine nature. They are called to meet God in their consciences, and serve God in obedience and love. Such a response must take place in an environment of freedom, internal and external. Five decades later the question is still alive: How ought the Church respect consciences? Further, the implementation of the Declaration in our contemporary world may demand that the “new evangelization” should begin with awakening human persons to their own dignity.
Somatotropic effects of mammalian growth hormone and prolactin in larval newts, Taricha torosa.

Abstract Both mammalian growth hormone and prolactin may serve as larval growth hormones in the newt Taricha torosa . They promote trunk and tail elongation throughout the entire larval period, but growth hormone tends to be more potent, especially on trunk growth, in all stages. Prolactin is also antimetamorphic and shows diurnal variations in its effectiveness as a somatotropin. Growth hormone is not antimetamorphic and does not show the same diurnal variations in somatotropic poteney.
ISO-profit curves for two-variable sensitivity analysis

Abstract Sensitivity analysis is a valuable tool that is usually performed on one variable at a time. This note describes a simple method of analyzing changes in two variables and of graphing the results for better interpretation. The analysis allows you to determine the ranges where each sensitivity is greatest and least. It also allows you to determine what response is needed in one variable to offset a change in the other. For example, how much must volume increase to offset a particular price decrease?
Each Man For Himself? Rival Theories of Alliance Economics in The Early State System

When military alliances are expensive, they naturally raise distributional issues. This article considers two theories to explain how much a state will voluntarily contribute to the economic burdens of defense. Empirical work has relied largely on data from the twentieth century. This article provides an out-of-sample test to evaluate the models. Using data on the Quintuple Alliance, the results are more consistent with the predictions of the joint products model than the pure public goods model. Due to credible commitment problems, and intra-alliance cleavages, I argue that we should not expect substantial free riding in most conventional military alliances.
Greenschist-facies metamorphism of the Burgess Shale and its implications for models of fossil formation and preservation

Metamorphosed silty mudstones of the Burgess Shale and Stephen Shale formations record a poly metamorphic history. An early greenschist-facies event associated with burial by Paleozoic strata produ...
Direct evidence of oxidative injury produced by the Alzheimer's β-Amyloid peptide (1–40) in cultured hippocampal neurons

The β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is hypothesized to mediate the neurodegeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we proposed a new hypothesis to explain the toxicity of Aβ based on the free-radical generating capacity of Aβ. We have recently demonstrated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy that Aβ (1–40) generates free radicals in solution. It was therefore suggested that Aβ radicals can attack cell membranes, initiate lipoperoxidation, damage membrane proteins, and compromise ion homeostasis resulting in neurodegeneration. To evaluate this hypothesis, the ability of Aβ to induce neuronal oxidation, changes in calcium levels, enzyme inactivation, and neuronal death were compared with the ability of Aβ to produce free-radicals. Using hippocampal neurons in culture, several methods for detection of oxidation were utilized such as the conversion of 2,7-dichlorofluorescin to 2,7-dichlorofluorescein, and a new fluorescence microscopic method for the detection of carbonyls. The ability of Aβ to produce free-radicals was determined using EPR with the spintrapping compound N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone. Consistent with previous studies, we found that preincubation of Aβ increased the toxicity of the peptide. There is a strong correlation between the intensity of radical generation by Aβ and neurotoxicity. The highest neuronal oxidation and toxicity was seen at a time when Aβ was capable of generating the most intense radical signal. Furthermore, little oxidation and toxicity was seen when cultures were treated with freshly dissolved Aβ, which did not generate a detectable radical. signal. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that free-radical-based oxidative damage induced by Aβ contributes to the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease.
The role of dental restorative metals in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Twenty-four subjects with oral lichen planus and twelve control subjects without oral mucosal disease were patch tested with dental restorative metals and selected metallic salts. Twenty-one percent of the lichen planus population exhibited a positive skin response to one or more challenge materials, as compared to 8% of the control population. It is concluded that oral lichen planus subjects show a higher correlation with delayed hypersensitivity to dental metals than a control population; however, a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be substantiated.
Decoding the cognitive map: ensemble hippocampal sequences and decision making

Tolman proposed that complex animal behavior is mediated by the cognitive map, an integrative learning system that allows animals to reconfigure previous experience in order to compute predictions about the future. The discovery of place cells in the rodent hippocampus immediately suggested a plausible neural mechanism to fulfill the 'map' component of Tolman's theory. Recent work examining hippocampal representations occurring at fast time scales suggests that these sequences might be important for supporting the inferential mental operations associated with the cognitive map function. New findings that hippocampal sequences play an important causal role in mediating adaptive behavior on a moment-by-moment basis suggest specific neural processes that may underlie Tolman's cognitive map framework.
Estimating cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients from various MR pulse sequences

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how measures reflecting cerebral atrophy (CA) are influenced by pulse sequence (PS) and segmentation algorithm (SA) used in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy control (HC)s. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 10 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and five HCs were used to determine the change in brain fractional volume (BFV) over a two-year period. T1-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and proton density (PD)/T2-weighted sequences were analysed. Image segmentation to determine brain volume was performed using the following: a histogram SA, an adaptive fuzzy c-means algorithm (AFCM), and an adaptive Bayesian segmentation with a K-means clustering. Results: Combinations of the SA and PS in MS patients demonstrated significant differences in the per cent change in BFV from baseline. For the combination of PS and SA the per cent change in BFV for year one and year two varied from +2.05% to −1.6% and +0.79% ...
Adult Probation and Parole Officers: Influence of Their Weapons, Role Perceptions and Role Conflict:

Conventional wisdom asserts that probation and parole officers experience a high degree of role conflict because of the nature of their job. These officers are expected to provide both treatment and supervision services which have opposed philosophies. This study sought to provide empirical evidence to support this contention and to examine the influences of weapon use on role conflict. The data indicate that Alabama state adult probation officers experience relatively low levels of role conflict with a weak association with weapon use. This low level of role conflict may be attributable to the fact that Alabama adult probation and parole officers receive a substantial cash subsidy for carrying a weapon.
Effects of Additives on the Morphology of Solution Phase Aggregates Formed by Active Layer Components of High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Processing additives are used in organic photovoltaic systems to optimize the active layer film morphology. However, the actual mechanism is not well understood. Using X-ray scattering techniques, we analyze the effects of an additive diiodooctane (DIO) on the aggregation of a high-efficiency donor polymer PTB7 and an acceptor molecule PC71BM under solar cell processing conditions. We conclude that DIO selectively dissolves PC71BM aggregates, allowing their intercalation into PTB7 domains, thereby optimizing both the domain size and the PTB7–PC71BM interface.
QUANTITATIVE TRITIUM AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES I. The Basic Method

A technique has been developed that allows repeated autoradiographs to be made of the isotope distribution in the chromosomes of a single cell. A series of 10 separate autoradiographs were made of a Chinese hamster diploid male metaphase cell which had been labeled with tritiated thymidine during the first 15 minutes of its DNA synthesis period in the previous interphase. Each autoradiograph had low grain densities above the chromosomes so that quantitation was feasible. The separate autoradiographs were photographically combined into a single composite in which grain images were converted to lines oriented at right angles to the chromosome axis. The line densities were then measured with a recording microdensitometer to yield graphs reflecting the isotope distribution along each chromosome. The area under each graph was directly proportional to the total number of grains counted above the corresponding chromosome in the 10 separate autoradiographs. The distribution of isotope along the chromosomes was different for each chromosome, and in some cases homologs also differed in their early labeling patterns.
Reply to Krellenstein on Parallel Computation

I recently argued that the position in the philosophy of mind called functionalism is undermined by the importance of recent work on parallel computation ( Thagard, 1986 ). In reply, Krellenstein (1987) contends that parallelism does not have the philosophical significance I claimed for it. Although his contentions are plausible if one focuses on what is in principle computationally possible, they fail if one looks at real problems.
Contrast And Dose Evaluation In Mammography By Means Of Spectral Analysis

The continued high mortality rate (Ref. 1) from breast cancer has stimulated a large amount of research (Refs. 2,3,4,5) in recent years towards the development of systems for earlier diagnosis.
NSSE Benchmarks and Institutional Outcomes: A Note on the Importance of Considering the Intended Uses of a Measure in Validity Studies

Surveys play a prominent role in assessment and institutional research, and the NSSE College Student Report is one of the most popular surveys of enrolled undergraduates. Recent studies have raised questions about the validity of the NSSE survey. Although these studies have themselves been criticized, documenting the validity of an instrument requires an affirmative finding regarding the adequacy and appropriateness of score interpretation and use. Using national data from NSSE 2008, the present study found that the NSSE benchmarks provided dependable means for 50 or more students and were significantly related to important institutional outcomes such as retention and graduation rates.
Impact of Previous Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Bladder Cancer

Purpose: The impact of prostate cancer radiotherapy on the biological behavior of bladder cancer remains unclear. We compared the outcomes of patients with bladder cancer previously treated for prostate cancer with radiotherapy vs other treatment modalities.Materials and Methods: We identified 144 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer between January 1992 and June 2007 with a previous prostate cancer diagnosis. Clinicopathological data and outcomes were compared between patients with irradiated (brachytherapy and/or external beam radiation therapy 83) and nonirradiated (androgen deprivation therapy, radical prostatectomy and/or surveillance 61) disease.Results: Median time between prostate and bladder cancer diagnoses was longer in the irradiated vs nonirradiated group (59 months, IQR 25 to 88, vs 24 months, IQR 2 to 87, p = 0.007). Patients in the irradiated group presented with higher tumor grade (high 92% vs 77%, p = 0.016) and had progression to higher stage disease (muscle invasive 70% vs 43%, p = 0...
Origin and age of the Manila high and associated Big Lake “sunklands” in the New Madrid seismic zone, northeastern Arkansas

Uplift of the Manila high and subsidence of the south-flowing Little River during the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–1812 formed the present lake in Big Lake basin of northern Arkansas. This is the most recent deformation of the 19-km-long Manila high that began between 11 000 and 5400 yr ago and is time transgressive toward the south. At least 4 m of Holocene uplift occurred on the northern portion of the Manila high prior to initiation of the Little River distributary in mid-Holocene time. The distributary is deflected around the high, and overbank sediment derived from it thins and is locally absent across the northern (highest) portion of the high. Deformation along the southern end of the high began between 3500 and 2000 yr ago. Since 3500 yr B.P., 2 m of uplift appears to have caused a reduction in gradient, anastomosing upstream of the uplift, and incision of the Little River across the uplift. North of the Manila high, in the Big Lake basin, the Little River has an increased aggradation rate ∼10 times that of the preuplift rate. Cores collected in and adjacent to Big Lake indicate that the Little River was ponded twice, apparently in response to deformation in 1811–1812 and between 90 B.C. and A.D. 1640.
Effects of Selection for Growth and Selection Diet on Eggshell Quality and Embryonic Development in Japanese Quail

Decreased hatchability in Japanese quail following selection for growth and relative improvements in hatchability following selection during goitrogen treatment were investigated. An unselected quail line (Line C) and lines selected for high 4-wk body weight while being fed diets containing either 20% CP and .2% thiouracil (TU) (Line T), or 28% CP and no TU (Lines P and H-CD) were used. Egg weight loss between 0 and 4, and 0 and 14 days of incubation, hatchability, and developmental stage of embryonic mortalities were determined in Experiment 1. Length of the incubation period, and percentages of body water and dry body weight were determined for 10- and 14-day embryos and 18-day-old chicks in Experiment 2. Eggshell quality was determined in Experiment 3. Hatchability was lower in selected than in unselected quail due to increased early and late embryonic mortality. Egg weight loss during incubation was greater in Line P than in Line C eggs. Weight loss, measured across lines, was lower in eggs that hatched than in those in which embryos died early. Percentage body water was higher in Line C than in Lines P and T at 14 and 18 days of incubation; however, percentage body water in Line T was lower than Line P at 14 days. Percentage of dry body weight was greater in Lines P and T than in Line C at 14 and 18 days. Eggshell thickness was greater in Line H-CD when compared with Line C. Increases in eggshell permeability occurring during selection for growth were associated with increased embryonic mortality and decreased hatchability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time Varying Switched Adaptive Systems: Stability

A framework is formulated in which stability and performance are guaranteed for the data-driven control of uncertain time varying systems under minimal prior plant knowledge. The origins of uncertainty range from the time-varying parametric changes (slow and abrupt), hard-to-model plant dynamics, deteriorating plant components/subsystems, system anomalies (failures in actuators and sensors), unknown/adverse operating conditions, etc. The methodology presented in this text is based on switching into a feedback loop one of the controllers in the available candidate set, where the switch logic is governed by the collected input/output data of the plant (either in open- or closed-loop), and the proper choice of the performance index (or a cost function) properties (namely, cost-detectability). We show that, by an appropriate change in the cost function structure, the important cost-detectability property can be preserved, and we obtain the upper bound on the number of switches on an arbitrary finite time interval. Following the theory, we present an example showing how the the proposed control paradigm can still successfully recognize a stabilizing controller in the candidate set, despite the plant being time-varying, and compare it with the similar multi-model identifier-based techniques in which the test function fails to satisfy the cost detectability requirement.
Obesity during childhood and adolescence augments bone mass and bone dimensions

Background: Studies of the effect of childhood obesity on bone accrual during growth have yielded conflicting results, largely related to the failure to adequately characterize the confounding effects of growth, maturation, and body composition. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of childhood obesity on skeletal mass and dimensions relative to height, body composition, and maturation in males and females. Design: In 132 nonobese (body mass index 85th percentile) and 103 obese (body mass index 95th percentile) subjects aged 420 y, whole-body and vertebral bone mineral content (BMC) was determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone area, areal bone mineral density (BMD), and fat and lean masses were measured. Vertebral volumetric BMD was estimated as BMC/ area 1.5 . Results: Obesity was associated with greater height-for-age, advanced maturation for age, and greater lean mass for height (all P 0.001). Sex-specific multivariate regressions with adjustment for maturation showed that obesity was associated with greater vertebral areal BMD for height, greater volumetric BMD, and greater vertebral BMC for bone area (all P 0.05). After adjustment for maturation and lean mass, obesity was associated with significantly greater whole-body bone area and BMC for age and for height (all P 0.001). Conclusions: In contrast with the results of prior studies, obesity during childhood and adolescence was associated with increased vertebral bone density and increased whole-body bone dimensions and mass. These differences persisted after adjustment for obesityrelated increases in height, maturation, and lean mass. Future studies are needed to determine the effect of these differences on fracture risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:514 –23.
A Multi-taxa Biological Survey of Passage Creek, Virginia

Abstract Identifying and conserving functioning headwater ecosystems is essential for ensuring the structure and function of natural ecosystem processes. The Passage Creek watershed (PCW) in Virginia is an upland tributary system of the North Fork Shenandoah River, which is found within the Potomac River basin. The PCW appears to maintain an array of terrestrial and fluvial habitats now uncommon in many adjacent watersheds because of human disturbance. We assessed the biotic condition of the PCW by sampling the fish, mollusk, and salamander assemblages throughout the watershed. We observed 29 fish, 9 salamander, and 4 aquatic mollusk species representing a variety of life histories and functional groups. Furthermore, we found that due to spatial differences in abundance and species richness, each assemblage offered unique insight into the condition of the PCW. The fish assemblage was indicative of those found in least disturbed areas within the Potomac basin, while salamander abundance and richness indica...
Radiogenic Heat Production of Contrasting Magma Series: Bearing on Interpretation of Heat Flow

Variation in radiogenic heat production of rocks of diverse magma series (representative of calcic, calc-alkalic, alkali-calcic, and alkalic petrographic provinces on a worldwide basis) is better correlated with some form of magmatic differentiation index, rather than simply with potassium content alone as commonly supposed. The “lime-alkali” (Peacock) index generally gives the best correlation of the various indices tested. Plots of heat production for igneous suites versus indices of differentiation (“heat production trends”) demonstrate systematic correlations of heat productivity as functions of fractionation trends and/or spatial-temporal associations. In general, heat production trends of calcic suites tend to indicate lower radiogenic heat productivity than those of more alkalic suites for a given silica or potassium content. Because many recent measurements of heat flow in plutons can be linearly related to heat production of surface rocks, these “heat production trends” have important bearing on the interpretation of crustal heat flow. Our data suggest possible alternative interpretations of the heat production-heat flow pattern for the Sierra Nevada which differ from that in Lachen-bruch's (1968) preliminary geothermal model.
Molecular biology in radiation oncology. Radiation oncology perspective of BRCA1 and BRCA2.

The breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are used to illustrate the application of molecular biology to clinical radiation oncology. Identified by linkage analysis and cloned, the structure of the genes and the numerous mutations are determined by molecular biology techniques that examine the structure of the DNA and the proteins made by the normal and mutant alleles. Mutations in the non-transcribed portion of the gene will not be found in protein structure assays and may be important in gene function. In addition to potential deleterious mutations, normal polymorphisms of the gene will also be detected, therefore not all differences in gene sequence may represent important mutations, a finding that complicates genetic screening and counseling. The localization of the protein in the nucleus, the expression in relation to cell cycle and the association with RAD51 led to the discovery that the two BRCA genes may be involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. The defect in DNA repair can increase radiosensitivity which might improve local control using breast-conserving treatment in a tumor which is homozygous for the loss of the gene (i.e., BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes). This is supported by the early reports of a high rate of local control with breast-conserving therapy. Nonetheless, this radiosensitivity theoretically may also lead to increased susceptibility to carcinogenic effects in surviving cells, a finding that might not be observed for decades. The susceptibility to radiation-induced DNA damage appears also to make the cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. Understanding the role of the normal BRCA genes in DNA repair might help define a novel mechanism for radiation sensitization by interfering with the normal gene function using a variety of molecular or biochemical therapies.
Social Privilege and Accountability: Lessons from Family Therapy Educators

This study focuses on the process by which white family therapy scholar activists learn over time to acknowledge and become accountable for their social privilege. Comparing two case studies, the authors analyze the complexities of micro- and macro- systems relative to interconnected social positions of race, class, gender, age, professional role, and sexual orientation. Implications for family therapy education, supervision, and practice are addressed.
Liquid Polymer Deposition on Free-Standing Microfabricated Parts for Self-Assembly

In this paper, we present a method for the self-assembly of micrometer-scale silicon parts, using a cross-linkable liquid polymer as the intermediate for binding into three-dimensional (3-D) structures. A method to deposit the liquid polymer on free-standing micrometer-scale parts was developed and thoroughly characterized. The polymer deposition was achieved by the following: a) tailoring surface energies of target areas on micrometer-scale parts by formation of self-assembled molecular monolayers; b) suspending the parts in a polymer-solvent solution; and c) gradually forcing the polymer to leave the solution and deposit on areas with lower surface energy by introducing a third liquid miscible with the polymer solvent but not with the polymer itself. The polymer-deposition method presents a unique capability for targeted placement of liquid polymer on micrometer-scale parts after their release from substrates. The polymer-deposition process was modeled considering a precipitation step as a breakup of a polymer thin film into droplets, and considering forces acting on the droplets. The polymer-deposition process on microfabricated and surface energy-tailored templates was studied using normal and high-speed video microscopy. The effect of parameters such as surface energy of template regions, polymer concentration, and size of template regions on the polymer-deposition process was quantified. The observed experimental trends of deposited polymer thickness as a function of polymer concentration were in good agreement with modeling results. We microfabricated 20-100-mum-sized silicon parts, functionalized their surfaces with self-assembled monolayers, employed the polymer-deposition technique to place volumes of a cross-linkable polymer on predefined part areas, and showed their self-assembly into 3-D structures
Communication Policy Changes in State Adult Correctional Facilities From 1971 to 2005

The objective of this research is to document correctional institutions’ policies regarding inmates’ correspondence, visitation, and telephoning between 1971 and 2005. Data were gathered via mailed...
What Good are Statistics that Don’t Generalize?:

Quantitative and qualitative inquiry are sometimes portrayed as distinct and incompatible paradigms for research in education. Approaches to combining qualitative and quantitative research typically “integrate” the two methods by letting them co-exist independently within a single research study. Here we describe intra-sample statistical analysis (ISSA) as a general technique for using quantitative tools to support qualitative inquiry so as to simultaneously provide warrants from qualitative and quantitative traditions. In certain circumstances ISSA makes it possible to relax the requirement that individual participants be treated as the unit of analysis in statistical models, and thus provides justification for coding qualitative observations and drawing statistically based conclusions about observations in a qualitative context. We developed ISSA and describe it here both because it can be used as a tool for qualitative research, and because it illuminates the relationship between method and interpretat...
Psychophysiological Effects of Several Stress Management Techniques

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychophysiological stress-reducing properties of progressive relaxation compared with hypnosis, and deep abdominal breathing compared with a baseline condition, while controlling for hypnotizability. 231 nursing students experienced the baseline procedure and progressive relaxation in Session 1 and deep abdominal breathing and hypnosis in Session 2 about a week later. Before and after each technique peripheral skin temperature and pulse rate were assessed. Separate analyses of variance, computed for the first and second sets of techniques, indicated that progressive relaxation and hypnosis both increased skin temperature and reduced pulse rate, suggesting reduced psychophysiological responsivity. Deep abdominal breathing was associated with a significant reduction in physiological responsivity (skin temperature) relative to baseline. Hypnotic susceptibility had no effect on the psychophysiological measures.
Prediction of Diabetes Based on Baseline Metabolic Characteristics in Individuals at High Risk

OBJECTIVE Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined which characteristics at baseline predicted the development of T2DM versus maintenance of IGT or conversion to normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 228 subjects at high risk with IGT who received treatment with placebo in ACT NOW and who underwent baseline anthropometric measures and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 2.4 years. RESULTS In a univariate analysis, 45 of 228 (19.7%) IGT individuals developed diabetes. After adjusting for age, sex, and center, increased fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, ∆G0–120 during OGTT, HbA1c, adipocyte insulin resistance index, ln fasting plasma insulin, and ln ∆I0–120, as well as family history of diabetes and presence of metabolic syndrome, were associated with increased risk of diabetes. At baseline, higher insulin secretion (ln [∆I0–120/∆G0–120]) during the OGTT was associated with decreased risk of diabetes. Higher β-cell function (insulin secretion/insulin resistance or disposition index; ln [∆I0–120/∆G0–120 × Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity]; odds ratio 0.11; P CONCLUSIONS In a stepwise multiple-variable analysis, only HbA1c and β-cell function (ln insulin secretion/insulin resistance index) predicted the development of diabetes (r = 0.49; P
Infinite-horizon optimal controls for problems governed by a Volterra integral equation

In this work, we concern ourselves with the existence of optimal solutions to optimal control problems defined on an unbounded time interval with states governed by a nonlinear Volterra integral equation. These results extend both the work of Baum and others in infinite-horizon control of ordinary differential equations as well as the work of Angell concerning integral equations. In addition, we incorporate into the objective functional (described by an improper integral) a discount factor which reflects a hereditary dependence on both state and control. In this manner, we are able to generalize the recent results of Becker, Boyd, and Sung in which they establish an existence theorem in the calculus of variations with objective functionals of the so-called recursive type. Our results are obtained through the use of appropriate lower-closure theorems and compactness conditions. Examples are presented in which the applicability of our results is demonstrated.
Developing Treatment Guidelines for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Escalating health care costs and evidence that there is widespread variation in medical practice have led to the formation of more than 1800 consensus conferences in the past 10 years. These conferences seek to review the evidence that existing treatments have demonstrable efficacy; to determine if evidence favors one form of therapy over another; to review the guidelines for implementation, continuation, and discontinuation of the therapy; and to identify currently used treatments for which no benefit can be documented. This is a review of the process used by the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Developing Treatment Guidelines for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, still in process at the time of this presentation.
Planning: Myopia in the Watershed

(1976). Planning. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 41-43.
CONTRAST-INDUCED PATIENT DISCOMFORT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VISIPAQUE (IODIXANOL) INJECTION 320 MG I/ML VERSUS ISOVUE – 370 (IOPAMIDOL INJECTION 76%) FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIOGRAPHY

To evaluate role of contrast injection on patient discomfort (sensation of heat, pain or coldness) during peripheral arteriography. In a prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of Visipaque 320 mg I/mL versus Isovue 370 (iopamidol Injection 76%) for peripheral
String Stability of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems with Servo-loop Dynamics

String stability is a fundamental issue that has to be addressed for stable vehicle platooning in intelligent transportation systems.In this paper,the string stability conditions of six Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) algorithms are presented and analyzed.The ACC control system is simplified so it consists of a main-loop control algorithm and a servo-loop approximated by a first-order lag.Six main-loop control laws of increasing complexity are examined,all of which are designed to maintain a desired constant time-headway between vehicles.The infinity norm of the vehicle range error transfer function is used as the metric to assess string stability.It is demonstrated that string stability generally imposes inequality constraints on the main-loop feedback gains and/or the servo-loop time constant.The strictness of these constraints depends on the feedback information employed,as well as the nature of the feedback control design.
Simulation Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics for High Speed Motorized Spindle

Set up the three-dimensional dynamic finite element model for motorized spindle in ANSYS software directly and carve up element of the model accurately.Using ANSYS for motorized spindle's modal analysis and harmonic analysis,calculate natural frequency of spindle before six rank、critical speed and vibration modes.And further study the frequency of spindle dynamic response of the front face of the displacement.The result prove the structure design of the spindle is rational and take a significant reference for the motorized spindle's dynamic characteristics analysis.
A fiber-optic water flow sensor based on laser-heated silicon Fabry-Pérot cavity

A hot-wire fiber-optic water flow sensor based on laser-heated silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) has been proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The operation of the sensor is based on the convective heat loss to water from a heated silicon FPI attached to the cleaved enface of a piece of single-mode fiber. The flow-induced change in the temperature is demodulated by the spectral shifts of the reflection fringes. An analytical model based on the FPI theory and heat transfer analysis has been developed for performance analysis. Numerical simulations based on finite element analysis have been conducted. The analytical and numerical results agree with each other in predicting the behavior of the sensor. Experiments have also been carried to demonstrate the sensing principle and verify the theoretical analysis. Investigations suggest that the sensitivity at low flow rates are much larger than that at high flow rates and the sensitivity can be easily improved by increasing the heating laser power. Experimental results show that an average sensitivity of 52.4 nm/(m/s) for the flow speed range of 1.5 mm/s to 12 mm/s was obtained with a heating power of ~12 mW, suggesting a resolution of ~1 μm/s assuming a wavelength resolution of 0.05 pm.
Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) Method for Isolated Clusters and Molecules

A linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method for isolated clusters or molecules is presented. This method avoids the use of a supercell geometry and is relatively easy to implement into an existing bulk LAPW computer code. As in the bulk LAPW method, the potential and charge density are represented by shape-unrestricted expansions, i.e. the potential and charge density are permitted to have full variation in all regions of space. Local density-functional-theory calculations have been performed for two test systems. Results obtained for a Cu atom are in excellent agreement with that of a standard atomic program. Calculations were also performed for the O2 molecule and are in excellent agreement with results obtained using standard molecular methods.
Combining Biofeedback and Mindfulness in Education

Mindfulness training programs are being integrated in many school systems around the world. Biofeedback professionals can use their unique training to help students and teachers learn and further develop powerful self-regulation skills that are incorporated in mindfulness training. Biofeedback training can improve learning these skills because of the clarity and specificity of the physiological feedback given through biofeedback training. There are numerous ways of integrating biofeedback and mindfulness that are beneficial to educators and students for reducing stress and anxiety and improving performance.
Work Smarter, Not Harder: Expanding the Treatment Capacity of a University Counseling Center Using Therapist-Assisted Online Treatment for Anxiety

Therapist-assisted online treatment is a new model of mental health service delivery that combines the use of web-based interactive resources with brief weekly online sessions with a counselor. This chapter explores this new area of mental health treatment through the authors’ experience implementing an intervention program targeting anxiety in college students at a large public university. Research support, training recommendations, and considerations for working as a counselor with this model are explored.
If You Can't Measure It, You Can't Manage It: Towards Quantification of Privacy Policies

Despite the best efforts of usable privacy community to ease the burden of understanding privacy policies, there is still a lack in having a notice display that helps users to compare different application alternatives based on their data gathering practices. In this work, we propose an approach to quantify the amount of data collection of an application by analyzing its privacy policy text using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. There are in fact numerous use cases for such a quantitative measure, one of which is designing a visceral notice that relies on an experiential approach to communicate privacy information to users. The results show that our quantification approach holds promise. Using our quantification measure, we propose a new display for nano-sized visceral notice in which we leverage user's familiarity with pie chart as a data measuring tool to communicate information about an app's data collection practice.
Serine at the active center of yeast carboxypeptidase.

Abstract Carboxypeptidase Y from bakers' yeast is a diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-sensitive enzyme. The inactivation by [32P]DFP is accompanied by the formation of 1 mole of labeled serine per mole of enzyme. A 15-residue 32P-labeled (*) peptide has been isolated from a peptic digest and shown to have the sequence His-Ile-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser*-Tyr-Ala-His-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Pro-Val-Phe. The reaction of the serine residue with DFP is blocked by the presence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, which also inactivates the enzyme. The single —SH group of the protein may be near the active center of the enzyme, but the —SH group is not available to iodoacetate or iodoacetamide in the absence of denaturants. The sequence around the reactive serine residue and the properties of the —SH group contribute to an active site which is quite different from that of DFP-sensitive proteinases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, or subtilisin.
The Role of Personality in Intercultural Communication

This paper discusses the value of integrating the construct of personality into the study of intercultural communication. Heretofore, intercultural communication researchers have analyzed the commu...