cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of small-polaron motion IV. Adiabatic theory of the Hall effect

Abstract The two-dimensional molecular crystal model of Friedman and Holstein describing the motion of a small polaron in the presence of a magnetic field is studied in the adiabatic approximation. Upon averaging over the electronic coordinates, according to the standard prescription, one finds that the vibrational Hamiltonian contains (in addition to the usual terms, namely the carrier-free vibrational Hamiltonian supplemented by the energy of the excess electron expressed as a function of vibrational coordinates) a term which is linearly dependent on the lattice momentum and proportional to the magnetic field. In the adiabatic theory the effect of the magnetic field on the motion of the small polaron is found by studying the influence of the magnetic term of the vibrational Hamiltonian on the particular vibrational motions which correspond to the passage of the excess carrier from one site to a particular neighbor. In the present work, concerned only with the high temperature regime (in practice, temperatures above 1 2 θ Debye ) within which the small polaron moves through the lattice by a succession of incoherent jumps between neighboring sites, the vibrational motion is treated classically, as is appropriate at sufficiently high temperatures. It is found that although the temperature dependence of the drift mobility that is herein calculated differs little from that derived in the Friedman-Holstein perturbation calculation, the Hall mobility temperature dependence (for reasonable choices of the physical parameters) differs markedly from the perturbation result. In particular, for appropriate choices of the physical parameters, the adiabatic Hall mobility can be a decreasing function of temperature. Thus the absence of an activated Hall mobility is not in itself evidence against small polaron motion.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment prevents delayed effects of early life stress in rats.

Background Early developmental insults can cause dysfunction within parvalbumin (PVB)-containing interneurons in the prefrontal cortex. The neuropsychiatric disorders associated with such dysfunction might involve neuroinflammatory processes. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key mediator of inflammation and is therefore a potential target for preventive treatment. Here, we investigated whether the developmental trajectories of PVB expression and COX-2 induction in the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex are altered after maternal separation stress in male rats. Methods Male rat pups were separated from their mother and littermates for 4 hours/day between postnatal Days 2 and 20. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze PVB and COX-2 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. A separate cohort of animals was treated with a COX-2 inhibitor during preadolescence and analyzed for PVB, COX-2, and working memory performance. Results We demonstrate that maternal separation causes a reduction of PVB and an increase in COX-2 expression in the prefrontal cortex in adolescence, with concurrent working memory deficits. Parvalbumin was not affected earlier in development. Prophylactic COX-2 inhibition preadolescence prevents PVB loss and improves working memory deficits induced by maternal separation. Conclusions These data are the first to show a preventive pharmacological intervention for the delayed effects of early life stress on prefrontal cortex interneurons and working memory. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the relationship between early life stress and interneuron dysfunction in adolescence.
Initiation of Secretory Activity of Rat Prostatic Epithelium in Organ Culture

Functional differentiation of prostatic epithelium is manifested by the production of tissue specific secretory proteins. In vivo production of these proteins is dependent on the presence of serum androgens. A serum-free organ culture system was used to examine the initiation of prostatic epithelial cytodifferentiation in vitro using two rat prostate specific secretory proteins (DP-1 and probasin) as markers of epithelial cytodifferentiation. The dorsal-lateral and anterior prostatic (AP) lobes from 12-day-old rats were cultured for 6 days in serum-free medium in the presence or absence of androgens. At the start of culture, secretory proteins DP-1 and probasin were undetectable using Western blot analysis. DP-1 and probasin were produced by explants cultured in the presence of androgens but were not detected in the absence of androgens. Dose-response studies were carried out for testosterone (T), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 alpha-Androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-Adiol), and two synthetic androgens: 17 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) and methyltrienolone (R1881). All androgens used were capable of inducing expression of DP-1 and probasin in vitro. T, R1881, and Ment were effective at doses of 10(-7) M to 10(-9) M, whereas both DHT and 3 alpha-Adiol were able to induce DP-1 and probasin at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. Estrogen (17 beta-Estradiol), hydrocortisone (11 beta, 17 alpha, 21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione), and progesterone (4-pregnen-3, 20-Dione) were ineffective in inducing prostatic secretory activity. Hydroxyflutamide (alpha-alpha-alpha-trifluro-2-methyl-4'-nitro-m-lactoluidide ) blocked the induction of secretory activity elicited by T. From histological sections, it was observed that explants cultured with T exhibited tall columnar epithelial morphology with organized stromal components. Tissue sections of explants cultured without T exhibited a cuboidal to low columnar morphology with less organized stromal components when compared with glands cultured with T. A DNA synthetic index was established to measure proliferation in the explants at the end of the culture period. Explants cultured in the presence of T exhibited greater DNA synthetic activity than explants cultured in the absence of T (P < 0.05). Using this serum-free model, we can explore the mechanism for the initiation of secretory cytodifferentiation.
Effects of Coronary Arteriography on Myocardial Blood Flow

Myocardial blood flow responses to selective coronary arteriography were studied in 22 patients. Left coronary flow was estimated by the radioactive inert-gas (133xenon) washout technic using precordial detection. Duplicate control studies were obtained before radiocontrast injection and test studies were performed at 1 min and 3, 5, or 7 min after angiography. Eleven patients received a single 7-ml injection of methylglucamine diatrizoate and 11 were given a series of injections (average total 40 ml), with the test blood flow studies after the final injection. Myocardial flow increased in every patient 1 min after contrast injection (average control flow 66.3 ml/min/100 g; test flow 78.8, +18.9%, P < 0.001). Blood flow increased further in seven of 10 studied at 3 min (average 95.7 ml/min/100 g, +35.7%, P < 0.001) and remained elevated at 5 and 7 min. Systemic pressure was unchanged from the control level, so coronary vascular resistance decreased in proportion to the increase in flow. Blood flow respons...
Identification of combined physical and empirical models using nonlinear A priori knowledge

Abstract The incorporation of a priori knowledge in process identification is discussed. Using a form of prefiltering, referred to here as data extraction, the effects of dynamics known a priori are removed from available input/output process data. The resulting information is then used to identify the remaining unknown process dynamics. This approach to system identification has important advantages — particularly with regard to noise sensitivity, necessary amount of excitation, and the complexity of the model to be estimated. The data extraction method in its nonlinear version is applied in simulations and to actual data from a bench-scale and an industrial process.
The Real Cost of Smoking: Who Bears the Final Burden?

One of the highly communicable form of vices is smoking. It easily attracts people from all walks of life who savors it out of curiosity and later on becomes addicted. The competing interests between government and tobacco enterprises makes smoking not only a social disease but an economic variable. Intense anti-tobacco campaign were launched by different lobbyist including the scientific communities but to no avail. This minute efforts were eaten up by the giant leap of tobacco manufacturers. Heavy investments were poured-in just to drive strong marketing appeal. Not only that they conquered the market, they also made it to the legislative and to the executive branches of our government. Heavy logrolling were done rendering our laws which intend to curb smoking inutil. In order to chronicle the fate society is heading to, this paper attempts to uncover the real picture of the issue using qualitative methods. Documents from the antagonists and pro smoking were gathered in order to draw unbiased conclusions. The results indicated that the benefits offered by this industry is very minimal relative to the greater damage it caused to society. Hence, it is imperative that government must act with dispatch in solving this problem. Keywords- The Real Cost, Smoking, Final Burden
NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS: Lymphotoxins, LIGHT, and TNF

Lymphotoxins (LT) provide essential communication links between lymphocytes and the surrounding stromal and parenchymal cells and together with the two related cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and LIGHT (LT-related inducible ligand that competes for glycoprotein D binding to herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells), form an integrated signaling network necessary for efficient innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies have identified signaling pathways that regulate several genes, including chemokines and interferons, which participate in the development and function of microenvironments in lymphoid tissue and host defense. Disruption of the LT/TNF/LIGHT network alleviates inflammation in certain autoimmune disease models, but decreases resistance to selected pathogens. Pharmacological disruption of this network in human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis alleviates inflammation in a significant number of patients, but not in other diseases, a finding that challenges our molecular paradigms of autoimmunity and perhaps will reveal novel roles for this network in pathogenesis.
Management of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

The effects of age, type of return, presence of pulmonary venous obstruction, obstruction to left heart filling, systemic arterial oxygen saturation (Ao O2%), pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qp), pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio (Rp/Rs%), and mean pulmonary artery-to-mean systemic arterial pressure ratio (MPAP/MSAP%) in 35 cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return seen in the last 5 years, were studied in relation to prognosis and management. The surgical mortality was increased in patients with anomalous venous return to the right common cardinal system (right superior vena cava and azygos vein) regardless of age and was significantly lower in patients over 6 months of age and in those who had preoperative intensive medical management. No relation was found between surgical mortality and Ao O2%, Rp/Rs, MPAP/MSAP%, or the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction. The small size of the left atrium rather than the small size of the left ventricle is felt to be one of the reasons for operat...
Multivariable system synthesis with step disturbance rejection

The question of achieving a variety of specific design goals (e.g., arbitrary pole placement, decoupling, and exact model matching) for linear multivariable systems subjected to unknown step disturbances on the entire internal state and output is constructively resolved via a synthesis procedure which simultaneously combines integral feedforward compensation with asymptotic state estimation. The technique relies on the ability to express the desired closed-loop transfer matrix of the compensated system as the product of the open-loop transfer matrix and any proper rational transfer matrix, assuming the given system has no zeros at the origin and a stable closed-loop design is sought. The method employs some recent results involving the differential operator approach to multivariable system analysis and synthesis, and the treatment is confined almost exclusively to the frequency domain.
Response to Comments on " 'Stemness': Transcriptional Profiling of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells" and "A Stem Cell Molecular Signature"

Today, biologists can define biological processes in molecular language by acquiring global gene expression profiles. Rigorous comparison of data sets from numerous laboratories is necessary to extract biological insights. Often, this is not without complications. The comments by Fortunel et al
Acute rapamycin nephrotoxicity in native kidneys of patients with chronic glomerulopathies

Background Based on its success as a transplant immunosuppressor, there is intense interest in using rapamycin in the treatment of progressive glomerulopathies involving native kidneys. However, we call attention to the potential toxicity associated with the use of rapamycin in this setting. Methods We conducted a study to examine the efficacy and safety of rapamycin in patients with progressive chronic renal failure. Eleven patients with either focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranous nephropathy or membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and progressive renal failure (defined as an increase in >25% of baseline serum creatinine over the last year or loss of glomerular filtration rate > or =5 ml/min/year as determined by the Cockcroft-Gault formula), proteinuria > or =1.0 g/24 h and with a creatinine clearance of > or 20 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were entered into a 12 month study. Patients were treated with rapamycin, starting at 5 mg/day, orally, aiming for target blood levels of 7-10 ng/dl. All patients were on treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or an angiotensin receptor blocker, aiming to control blood pressure Results Six patients developed acute renal failure, defined as an increase in serum creatinine > or =0.5 mg/dl (baseline: 3.2+/-0.9 mg/dl; peak: 5.6+/-1.6 mg/dl; P 15 ng/dl. Conclusions Rapamycin can cause nephrotoxicity in some patients with chronic glomerulopathies. Whether the toxicity is solely related to rapamycin, due to the combination of proteinuria and rapamycin, or other unknown factor use is presently undetermined.
Is Antibiotic Cycling the Answer to Preventing the Emergence of Bacterial Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as an important determinant of mortality for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This is largely due to the increasing presence of pathogenic microorganisms with resistance to existing antibiotic agents, resulting in the administration of inappropriate treatment. Escalating antibiotic resistance has also been associated with greater overall health care costs, as a result of prolonged hospitalizations and convalescence associated with failure of antibiotic treatment, the need to develop new antibiotic agents, and the implementation of broader infection control and public health interventions aimed at curbing the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic cycling has been advocated as a tool to reduce the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, especially in the ICU setting. Unfortunately, the cumulative evidence to date suggests that antibiotic cycling has limited efficacy for preventing antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, a strategy whereby multiple or all classes of antibiotics are available for use (i.e., antibiotic heterogeneity) can be part of a broader effort aimed at curtailing antibiotic resistance within ICUs. Such efforts should be routine, given the limited availability of new antibiotic drug classes for the foreseeable future.
A Heuristic Algorithm for the n Job, m Machine Sequencing Problem

This paper describes a simple algorithm for the solution of very large sequence problems without the use of a computer. It produces approximate solutions to the n job, m machine sequencing problem where no passing is considered and the criterion is minimum total elapsed time. Up to m-1 sequences may be found.
Neurotransmitter depletion may be a cause of dementia pathology rather than an effect.

Summary Background: There is widespread loss of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. It has generally been assumed that death of neurons causes neurotransmitter loss, but alternatively neurotransmitter depletion itself may at least contribute to neurodegeneration. Presentation of the hypothesis Transgenic mice and pigs with inducible 50% depletion of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and corticotrophin releasing factor will reproduce Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia neuropathology, and pharmacologically restoring neurotransmitters will attenuate neuronal injury. Testing the hypothesis Through nuclear transfer cloning, transgenic mice and pigs would be created with transgenes on one X chromosome, so that transgenes would only be expressed in half of all cells in female animals. Transgenes would encode tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed to form small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down neurotransmitter biosynthesis in late adulthood. Transgene expressing neurons could be readily identified in tissue sections with fluorescent reporter genes. Cholinesterase inhibitors, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and CRF would then be administered in an attempt to rescue degenerating neurons. Implications of the hypothesis The mice and pigs could serve as an important new model for the pathogenesis of dementia, especially if pharmacologically restoring neurotransmitters rescues degenerating neurons. The animals may also be useful for as models for other disorders such as multi-system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and depression.
The advanced avionics system development laboratory

The author describes the advanced avionics system development laboratory (AASDL), a general resource facility that provides new technology and vehicle programs and a cost-effective method of evaluating the concepts and approaches employed in their design. This resource lab permits complete end-to-end simulations of system operation in the simulated mission environment desired. It serves as the center of an integrated network of current and future specialized testing facilities. The AASDL's ability to support the rapid modeling of new or present systems and evaluate performance in desired applications is shown in two examples. The functional hardware and software elements of the AASDL design are also reviewed in the discussion of the example cases. In the far term, the objective of this laboratory is to reduce optional costs by combining developmental and analytical tools. >
Relation of carotid plaque with natural IgM antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Noninvasive carotid measurements have proven value in the estimation of future cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Natural IgM-antibodies to phosphorylcholine (PC) epitopes can enhance apoptotic-cell clearance and induce anti-inflammatory pathways. Herein, we show that subclinical CV disease, as detected by carotid ultrasound, in a cross-sectional SLE cohort was associated with lower levels of IgM anti-PC, as well as lower levels of the ratio of IgM anti-PC/total IgM, compared to patients without plaque (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). The IgM anti-PC/total IgM association remained significant after adjusting for age, cholesterol and hypertension. Adiponectin and sE-selectin were significantly elevated in patients with plaque, and statistical models showed that combining adiponectin, sE-selectin and IgM anti-PC/total IgM was better for predicting plaque than either test alone. These results support the hypothesis that IgM-natural autoantibodies may inhibit atherogenesis, and confirm the utility of IgM anti-PC levels as a biomarker for subclinical CV disease.
The Resiliency Model of Role Performance for Service Members, Veterans, and their Families: A Focus on Social Connections and Individual Assets

The Road of Life, a life course metaphor, is used as the backdrop for a theoretically anchored model, The Resiliency Model of Role Performance, which has been developed to account for variation in the ability of service members and their families to meet their role responsibilities in the context of military life and duties. This model incorporates a focus on both individual assets and the social context in which individuals and families are embedded. The model provides a conceptual anchor for the Support and Resiliency Inventory—an online assessment tool for service members and the civilian spouses of service members. Implications for testing the model and its further development are discussed.
Transfer of social influence: effect of peer's sex.

In a study of social influence, girls paired with other girls and girls paired with boys made numerosity judgments of original and transfer displays. Discrepant judgments ostensibly made by the oth...
Musculoskeletal imaging: Case review series: Joseph Yu. St. Louis, Mosby, 2001, 304 pp., $39.95

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp 680–681
Ecological impact of historical and future land-use patterns in Senegal

The CENTURY model was used to simulate changes in total system carbon resulting from land-use history (1850–2000), and impacts of climatic changes and improved land-use management practices in Senegal. Results show that 0.477 Gtons of carbon have been lost from 1850 to 2000. Improved management practices have the potential of increasing carbon levels by 0.116 Gtons from 2000 to 2100. Potential to store carbon exists for improved forest management and agriculture practices in southern Senegal. Potential climatic changes decrease plant production (30 percent), total system carbon (14 percent), and the potential to store carbon from improved management practices (31 percent). r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Heterogeneity in combining site specificity of anti‐hapten antibodies produced in response to a panosyl‐azoprotein conjugate

Panose (O-α-D-glucosyl-(16)-O-α-D-glucosyl-(14)-α-D-glucose) and maltose (O-α-D-glucosyl-(14)-α-D-glucose) coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by means of an azophenyl linkage provided the synthetic antigens panosyl-BSA and maltosyl-BSA, used to examine the anti-hapten specificity of rabbit sera prepared against panosyl-BSA. The combining site specificity of cross-reactive antibodies in carrier-absorbed anti-panoside sera was investigated by quantitative hapten inhibition of maltosyl BSA-anti-panoside cross-precipitation and compared with data obtained by inhibition of homologous precipitation. Immunochemical data obtained demonstrate a heterogeneity in the combining site specificity of anti-hapten produced in response to panosyl-BSA and establish the occurrence of at least two distinct kinds of antibody directed against the α-(16)-α-(14) sequence of glucose units. One type of anti-panoside, inhibited more effectively by isomaltose than by maltose, shows isomaltose end group immunodominance. A second type of anti-panoside, cross-precipitated by maltosyl-BSA and more effectively inhibited by maltose than by isomaltose, shows maltose immunodominance.
Directing gonadal differentiation in bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque), and black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur), by periodic estradiol-17β immersions

We investigated the feminization of bluegill and black crappie by short periodic immersions in an aqueous estradiol-17β (E2) solution. Bluegill fry (13.8 mm) were immersed in a 1 mg L−1 E2 solution every 5 days on three occasions over an 11-day period. In the positive control treatment, the same cohort of fry was fed 200 mg kg−1 E2 diet for 45 days. Two different size (26.1 and 20.1 mm) but the same age (45 days old) black crappie fry were immersed in the same concentration of E2 solution for 5 h a day every 3–5 days on 10 occasions between 45 and 86 days post hatch. Both modes of E2 administration were effective to induce feminization in bluegill. Feeding fry E2 impregnated diet for 45 days yielded 99.3% female populations from a 38.8% female experimental population. Only three short-time E2 immersions of fry over a much shorter treatment period also produced 76.9% female populations. E2 immersions had no effect on sex ratios of larger black crappie fry and produced variable levels of feminization (60–82% female) in smaller black crappie fry. Results of the present study showed that feminization in both species can be achieved by periodic immersions of fry in a 1 mg L−1 E2 solution with no adverse effects on survival. Yet, further researches on timing and intensity of immersion treatments are still needed for optimization of the procedures.
HIV-1 Infection Accelerates Age According to the Epigenetic Clock

Background. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is associated with clinical symptoms of accelerated aging, as evidenced by the increased incidence and diversity of age-related illnesses at relatively young ages and supporting findings of organ and cellular pathologic analyses. But it has been difficult to detect an accelerated aging effect at a molecular level. Methods. Here, we used an epigenetic biomarker of aging based on host DNA methylation levels to study accelerated aging effects due to HIV infection. DNA from brain and blood tissue was assayed via the Illumina Infinium Methylation 450 K platform. Results. Using 6 novel DNA methylation data sets, we show that HIV infection leads to an increase in epigenetic age both in brain tissue (7.4 years) and blood (5.2 years). While the observed accelerated aging effects in blood may reflect changes in blood cell composition (notably exhausted cytotoxic T cells), it is less clear what explains the observed accelerated aging effects in brain tissue. Conclusions. Overall, our results demonstrate that the epigenetic clock is a useful biomarker for detecting accelerated aging effects due to HIV infection. This tool can be used to accurately determine the extent of age acceleration in individual tissues and cells.
Identification of the HeLa tumor-associated antigen, p75/150, as intestinal alkaline phosphatase and evidence for its transcriptional regulation.

Abstract Prior studies identified a cell-surface antigen, p75/150, that exclusively associated with the tumorigenic phenotype of the HeLa parent and the tumorigenic phenotype of the HeLa parent and the tumorigenic segregants of suppressed, nontumorigenic HeLa x human fibroblast cell hybrids. Candidate p75/150 cDNA clones were isolated from a D98/AH.2 (HeLa) cDNA library using oligonucleotide probes derived from p75/150 partial peptide sequence data. A data base search revealed close similarity of p75/150 with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) [Berger, J., Garantini, E., Hua, J. C. & Udenfriend, S. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 695-698]. We demonstrate that p75/150 is identical to HeLa IAP by the following criteria: (i) 47/49 amino acid identity of p75 peptide sequence with IAP, (ii) restriction maps for the p75/150 candidate cDNA clone and IAP are identical, (iii) partial DNA sequence analysis of p75/150 candidate cDNA clones revealed complete nucleotide identity with IAP, except for a single nucleotide substitution in the 5' untranslated region, (iv) transfection of a p75/150 cDNA expression vector into the nontumorigenic hybrid, CGL1, yielded p75/150 antibody-positive transfectants that also expressed partially heat-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that high levels of HeLa IAP mRNA were expressed in D98/AH.2 and the tumorigenic segregant CGL4; however, no mRNA was detected in CGL1. Nuclear run-on analyses indicate that HeLa IAP mRNA expression in the HeLa x fibroblast hybrids is regulated at the level of transcription initiation. Furthermore, evidence is discussed supporting the involvement of a chromosome 11 tumor suppressor locus in the regulation of HeLa IAP gene expression.
The utility of the bispectral index in procedural sedation with propofol in the emergency department.

UNLABELLED The bispectral index (BIS) may be a useful monitor to predict the level of awareness in patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department (ED). OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that using the BIS during procedural sedation in the ED would increase the recognition of adequately sedated patients, thus reducing oversedation and the corresponding increased rate of respiratory depression (RD). As a result, the occurrence of RD would be reduced. METHODS This was a prospective randomized study of ED procedural sedation with propofol. Sedations were randomized to have the treating physician either blinded or not blinded to information from the BIS monitor. Vital signs, pulse oximetry, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO(2)), propofol dosage, and the BIS score were recorded. RD was defined as a change in ETCO(2) greater than 10 mm Hg, an oxygen saturation of less than 90% at any time, or an absent ETCO(2) waveform. The RD rates were compared with chi-square tests. RESULTS One hundred five patients were enrolled in the study; five were excluded due to study protocol violations. No serious adverse events were reported. RD was seen in 29 of 100 (29%) patients; 18 of 48 in the BIS-blinded group and 11 of 52 in the BIS-unblinded group had RD (p = 0.06). For patients requiring only a single dose of propofol, three of 15 in the BIS-blinded group and four of 18 in the BIS-unblinded group met the criteria for RD (p = 0.87). For patients requiring multiple doses of propofol, 15 of 33 patients in the BIS-blinded group and seven of 34 patients in the BIS-unblinded group met criteria for RD (p = 0.02). The mean BIS nadir for BIS-blinded patients was 60.9 (95% CI = 56.9 to 65.0) and that for BIS-unblinded patients was 63.2 (95% CI = 57.7 to 65.3) (p = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS There was a lower rate of RD when physicians had access to the BIS during procedural sedations. This difference was greater in sedations requiring multiple doses of propofol. There was no difference in the rate of RD when only a single dose was given.
Blood Volumes in Hypertensive Partially Nephrectomized Rats.

SummaryPlasma and total blood volumes were determined in 33 normal male and 20 normal female rats. In the hypertensive partially nephrectomized rat, the plasma volume was increased, the red cell volume decreased and the total blood volume remained unchanged. It is concluded that hypertension is not associated with increased blood volumes in these experiments.
Response of anginal pain to hand warming. A clinical note.

In 1972 while working with a patient with a history of cardiac surgery (saphenous vein bypass) and chronic angina, I asked him to explore the possibility of whether or not he could perform the hand-warming task that had been used at the Menninger Clinic. The veteran was already quite skilled at using a relaxation technique (modified Jacobsonian) in stress management procedures. He quickly was able to raise his hand temperature (left hand) from 89 ° F to approximately 943⁄4 ° F utilizing visual images and relaxation. One week later during a subsequent visit, the patient was again practicing hand warming when he called my attention to the rather startling behavior of the temperature indicator, a needle gauge electric thermometer. The needle was registering rapid, erratic fluctuations between 88°F and 93 o F. Temperature variations of up to 2 ° 4 ° were occurring within 1 3 seconds (actual timing of the phenomenon was not attempted). When questioned if he had any idea what was causing that, the patient responded rather laconically, "Yes, it started doing that as soon as I started having an 'a t tack. ' " The fluctuations of the needle were so dramatic and rapid that a physician, called to observe the phenomenon, indicated "that has to be an instrument error." The instrument recorded stable temperature when shifted to the finger of the writer and resumed its erratic behavior when returned to contact with the patient. The physician was persuaded that this was not an instrumentation phenomenon. On further questioning, the patient reported that the onset of a spasm of chest pain was immediately followed by a rapid temperature drop, while the easing of the pain was associated with a temperature rise. He observed that as long as the temperature registered around 93 ° F he was free of pain. It seemed to the writer that the temperature fluctuation could have been
The Dynamics Simulation of the Gear with Geometrical Eccentricity

In dynamic servo tool holder,the precision of the inversion system is one of the important indicators of the reliability of the rest.Research of the transmission gear is the gear in the tool post transfer system.Gear geometry characteristics directly affects the transmission accuracy of gear,and then affects the tool rest one-time positioning precision of the inversion system,thus driving gear system accuracy analysis is necessary.A gear in a power servo turret is explored to analyze the effects on the transmission accuracy brought by its geometric eccentricity.The modeling process based on NX and the gear error analysis system in ADAMS is presented.The feasibility of the method analyzing the gear's kinematic characteristics based on the analysis of dynamics,as well as the correctness of the traditional analytic method is verified by contrasting the theoretical result with the data processed A CMD file is created which realize the automation of ADAMS simulation.
TEVAR for complicated acute type B dissection with malperfusion.

Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Radiology, Samuel & Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Correspondence to: Himanshu J. Patel, MD. Associate Professor of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 5144 Cardiovascular Center/SPC #5864, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5864, USA. Email: hjpatel@med.umich.edu.
Analytical Method for Sugar Profile in Pet Food and Animal Feeds by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

There is a need for a standardized, accurate, rugged, and consistent method to measure for sugars in pet foods and animal feeds. Many traditional standard sugar methods exist for other matrixes, but when applied in collaborative studies there was poor agreement and sources of error identified with those standard methods. The advancement in technology over the years has given us the ability to improve on these standard methods of analysis. A method is described here that addresses these common issues and was subjected to a single-laboratory validation to assess performance on a wide variety of pet foods and animal feeds. Of key importance to the method performance is the sample preparation before extraction, type of extraction solvent, postextraction cleanup, and, finally, optimized chromatography using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The results obtained from the validation demonstrate how typical issues seen with these matrixes can influence performance of sugar analysis. The results also demonstrate that this method is fit-for-purpose and can meet the challenges of sugar analysis in pet food and animal feeds to lay the foundation for a standardized method of analysis.
The Changing Nature of Change Resistance: An Examination of the Moderating Impact of Time

This research examines whether relationships between change resistance and its consequences and antecedents strengthen or weaken over time during an extended duration of organizational change. In 40 health care clinics undergoing a 3-year period of significant organizational changes, we found that resistance to change had increasingly negative relationships over time with two important consequences: employees’ commitment to the organization and perceptions of organizational effectiveness. That these relationships became stronger (rather than weaker) over time suggests festering effects of resistance to change. We also found that over time supportive leadership was increasingly impactful in reducing change resistance. A major implication of this research for practice is that it is important for change agents to address employee resistance because, left unchecked, it can fester and increasingly inflict harm. Also, engaging in supportive leader behaviors can be particularly useful in ameliorating resistance ...
Do the associations between cigarette smoking and the risk of dying from tobacco-associated malignancies differ by race?

B121 Introduction: African Americans suffer disproportionately higher tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to European Americans. This racial disparity cannot fully be explained by differences in patterns of cigarette smoking prevalence between the two populations. One potential explanation is that smoking is a stronger risk factor for cancer in African Americans than European Americans. To test this hypothesis, we assessed whether the association between smoking and risk of death from tobacco-related malignancies was greater among African Americans than among European Americans. >Methods: We pooled data from the Evans County Heart Study and the Charleston Heart Study, each cohort study having a minimum follow-up period of 30 years. When pooled across cohorts, the resulting sample was comprised of 5,363 participants, 38% of whom were African American. There were a total of 296 deaths from tobacco-related malignancies and 170 deaths from lung cancer. Tobacco-related malignancies included cancers of the lung, esophagus, pancreas, oral cavity, bladder, larynx, kidney, stomach, acute myeloid leukemia, and uterine cervix. Analyses were performed for all tobacco-related malignancies combined and for lung cancer separately. All hazards ratio estimates come from a competing risks Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, years of education, body mass index, and hypertension. >Results: For all tobacco-related malignancies combined, African American men had a statistically significantly (p = 0.04) lower smoking-related risk of death (Hazards Ratio (HR) 2.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.2-3.8) than European American men (HR 5.4; 95% CI 3.4-8.7). The same held true for women, with African American women having a statistically significantly (p Conclusions: Contrary to expectation, the associations between cigarette smoking and death from tobacco-related malignancies were actually higher in European Americans than African Americans in this study. The results hinted that cigarette smoking may contribute to the racial disparity in lung cancer death rates among men, but this was not seen in women. The results suggest that differential susceptibility to tobacco-caused carcinogenesis is, by itself, an unlikely cause of excess mortality rates of tobacco-related malignancies in African Americans.
Inverse modeling of interbed parameters and transmissivity using land subsidence and drawdown data

Accurate modeling of hydraulic properties such as transmissivity and interbed specific storages is significant for reliable predictions of land subsidence modeling. Calibration of land subsidence model is a challenge because of the strong non-linearity of groundwater flow equation especially when it accounting for the interbed drainage process. Pumping well drawdown and land subsidence data are very important signals for identification of aquifer hydraulic properties. In this work, it is proposed that the ensemble Kalman filter is used to calibrate the transmissivity and interbed elastic and inelastic specific storages using both drawdown and subsidence data for the first time. A synthetic example demonstrated that the characterization of transmissivity and specific storages is improved, and the uncertainties of predictions of both drawdown and subsidence are reduced, when additional dynamic observation data are used for inverse modeling. Issues such as how to account for interferometric synthetic aperture radar data, which may be encountered using the EnKF for real case studies, are discussed.
Assessing Chinese in the USA: An Overview of Major Tests

The past few decades have witnessed a rapid expansion of Chinese language and culture programs in higher education institutions as well as PreK-12 schools in the USA. The fast growth of Chinese education has naturally boosted assessment demands. To satisfy the demands, many tests and assessment tools have been developed in the country. Contextualized in the recent history of foreign language education in the USA, this chapter provides an overview of Chinese assessments in the country. Major tests reviewed include the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and its computerized version (OPIc), the Simulated Oral Proficiency Interview (SOPI), the Computerized Oral Proficiency Instrument (COPI), the ACTFL Writing Proficiency Test (WPT), the Advanced Placement (AP) Chinese Language and Culture Test, the ACTFL Assessment of Performance toward Proficiency in Languages (AAPPL), the SAT II Chinese Subject Test, and the Chinese Proficiency Test (CPT). In addition, this chapter also reviews a small number of studies that either aimed to validate these tests or used them as instruments for various research purposes.
Evaluation of the overstrength factor for nonstructural component anchorage into concrete via dynamic shaking table tests

Abstract In ACI 318-11 and ASCE/SEI 7-10 an overstrength factor, Ω 0 , was introduced for the seismic design of nonstructural building component anchorage into concrete. Though implemented into these codes with the same mechanisms as the overstrength factor for building structures, the rationale behind its inclusion for anchorage was fundamentally different. The primary intent of this factor is twofold: to encourage the use of “ductile” anchorage systems – defined in ACI 318 provisions – by applying a penalty factor to “non-ductile” anchors, and to increase design forces on “non-ductile” anchors to more representative of design-level loading. For ductile systems, a value of Ω 0 =1 is permitted, though for non-ductile systems values of Ω 0 =2.5 and Ω 0 =1.5 are assigned based on component R p values greater than or less than 2, respectively. These values, however, along with the suggested relationship to component R p values, were not experimentally established. Work has been ongoing at SDSU since 2011 to characterize this overstrength factor, including two years of full-scale dynamic structural testing using an idealized nonstructural component and several different anchor types on a shaking table. This paper presents a summary of the structural testing performed targeting appropriate Ω 0 values, as well as discussion on ductility as it applies to overstrength in anchorage systems.
Control of grid connected inverters using minimum variance adaptive architecture

This paper presents a system identification based minimum variance architecture for active and reactive power control of a Grid Connected Inverter (GCI). The controller is adaptive as the parameters in the control law are updated online based on identification that relate the output (active and reactive power) and the input (direct and quadrature axis voltage references). The main advantage of the proposed controller is the simplicity in design and its adaptability under varying operating conditions. The paper discusses the design of the controller and presents the simulation results from tests performed using MATLAB SimPowerSystems along with the Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation. The results show that the proposed controller can be a better alternative to the existing cascaded PI based vector control for grid connected inverters.
Strategies to Help Establish Your Practice While Simultaneously Achieving Work Life Balance

Developing a clinical practice after many years in a structured training experience can seem overwhelming, and the search for a recipe for professional and personal success endless. While the most important approach to achieving work life balance is undoubtedly remaining flexible in all aspects of one’s life throughout the career, we outline several specific strategies to simplify the transition. Providing high quality patient care, establishing one’s reputation, cultivating useful professional relationships, growing and leading a clinical team, staying ahead of the surgical learning curve, and maintaining a healthy and happy personal life are important components of balanced success. This chapter offers practical tips for achieving each of these.
Age-friendly cities and communities in international comparison: political lessons, scientific avenues and democratic issues

Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in International Comparison: Political Lessons, Scientific Avenues and Democratic Issues edited by Moulaert and Garon presents information regarding the need to ...
Helicase-Dependent RNA Decay Illuminated by a Cryo-EM Structure of a Human Nuclear RNA Exosome-MTR4 Complex.

Summary The ribonucleolytic RNA exosome interacts with RNA helicases to degrade RNA. To understand how the 3′ to 5′ Mtr4 helicase engages RNA and the nuclear exosome, we reconstituted 14-subunit Mtr4-containing RNA exosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and human and show that they unwind structured substrates to promote degradation. We loaded a human exosome with an optimized DNA-RNA chimera that stalls MTR4 during unwinding and determined its structure to an overall resolution of 3.45 A by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structure reveals an RNA-engaged helicase atop the non-catalytic core, with RNA captured within the central channel and DIS3 exoribonuclease active site. MPP6 tethers MTR4 to the exosome through contacts to the RecA domains of MTR4. EXOSC10 remains bound to the core, but its catalytic module and cofactor C1D are displaced by RNA-engaged MTR4. Competition for the exosome core may ensure that RNA is committed to degradation by DIS3 when engaged by MTR4.
Haftung für fehlerhafte Medizinprodukte

In der Medizin sind neben der Anwendung von Arzneimitteln im zunehmenden Mase auch Medizinprodukte fur die Wiedererlangung bzw. Erhaltung der Gesundheit von groser Relevanz. Die Palette der Medizinprodukte ist breit gefachert und wird in Deutschland bereits heute auf uber 400 000 geschatzt. Fur die Zukunft rechnet man hier mit einem jahrlichen Wachstum von mehr als 8 000 neuen oder weiter entwickelten Medizinprodukten.
The Effects of Justice Norms in a Bargaining Situation

Subjects in this experiment, unlike those in typical coalition experiments, were required to “invest” varying number of points in a three-person quota game. Models based on justice norms (e.g., Adams’ equity theory) and models based on transforming the game (subtracting investments from coalition values) were contrasted. The results indicate that the justice norms are generally more accurate, but their accuracy varies inversely with the variance of the investments, and directly with the degree of correspondence between investments and quota values. The results also suggest that no single theory is likely to be accurate in a variety of situations. Hence, the basic problem for future research is to determine the boundary conditions of various theories.
The geomagnetic main field and the geodynamo

Information available on the geomagnetic main field and the geodynamo is presented. Attention is given to the process of mapping the magnetic field, the last version of International Geomagnetic Reference Field Model, and maps of the magnetic field at the core-mantle boundary and their interpretation. Particular consideration is given to the existing geodynamo theories, with special relation given to the Braginsky and Meytlis theory of core turbulence in which the turbulence differs fundamentally from classical turbulence of Kolmogorov type.