cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibody produced against isolated Rh(D) polypeptide reacts with other Rh-related antigens

Rh(D) antigen-containing polypeptide was prepared by immune precipitation of intact cDE/cDE erythrocytes by using a high-titer preparation of polyclonal anti-D. when isolated Rh(D) polypeptide was administered to rabbits, antibody was produced that was unresponsive toward Rh-positive and -negative cells but reacted strongly with the immunogen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-type immunobinding and Western blot immunostaining assays. Rabbit antibody also immunostains isolated Rh(c) polypeptide as well as the Rh antigen-containing components of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis- separated membrane proteins from Rh(D)-positive (cDE/cDE,CDe/CDe), Rh(D)-negative (cde/cde,Cde/Cde), and -D-/-D- cells. It does not react with any membrane protein from Rh-null regulator type cells, thus indicating a specificity for Rh-related proteins. We have also been able to demonstrate that polyclonal and monoclonal anti-D preparations that do not immunostain isolated Rh(D) polypeptide will react with it in our immunobinding assay.
The Nearctic Nedubini: The Most Basal Lineage of Katydids Is Resolved Among the Paraphyletic “Tettigoniinae” (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

This study investigated the systematics of the Nearctic shield-back katydids (“Tettigoniinae”), a paraphyletic group thought to include genera from a distinctive Gondwanan tribe, the Nedubini, among an otherwise Holarctic fauna. From exemplars of five genera of Nedubini and the majority of other genera of Nearctic “Tettigoniinae,” five gene regions were sequenced, aligned with publicly available sequence data that represent diverse subfamilies of Tettigoniidae, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis under Bayesian and likelihood criteria. Our results render the worldwide Nedubini polyphyletic, strongly support the Nearctic Nedubini as a basal clade that is sister to the remaining Tettigoniidae, and group the remaining Nearctic shield-back katydid genera into a Holarctic clade. Having shared a common ancestor with the remaining katydids 175 ± 24 million years ago, the Nearctic Nedubini joins a considerable assemblage of relict groups that are found in California and the Pacific Northwest of North America. The symmetrical development and ambidextrous overlap of the tegmina of male Nearctic nedubines is re-evaluated as a plesiomorphic character.
The key role of “Moscato bianco” and “Malvasia aromatica di Parma” in the parentage of traditional aromatic grape varieties

A great number of flavored grape varieties, of significant oenological potential, are traditionally cultivated in north-western Italy, besides the renowned “Moscato bianco” (syn. “Muscat a petits grains blancs”). Understanding their origin, besides its historical and scientific interest, would help to increase market appeal and consequently facilitate the commercial exploitation of these products. Twenty-four aromatic genotypes were investigated for their identity, kinship relations, and genetic origins through molecular markers (SSR and SNPs) supported by plant morphology and historical information. Flavored grape genotypes from other regions, possible ancestors, and reference cultivars of known pedigree were also included in the analysis. Kinship analysis used a likelihood-based approach (IBS, IBD, relatedness coefficients, and likelihood ratios) to achieve strong statistical support. The analyses revealed two possible leading genitors, in turn closely related by a parent/offspring relationship: “Moscato bianco” and “Malvasia aromatica di Parma,” a female grape cultivar that is today almost extinct. The outlined molecular and statistical approach could be applied for the investigation on the origin of ancient traditional cultivars of other vegetative propagated species.
Responses of cerebral arterioles in diabetic rats to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels

The goal of this study was to determine whether responses of pial arterioles to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels are altered during diabetes mellitus. We measured changes in diameter of pial arterioles in vivo in nondiabetic and diabetic rats (streptozotocin; 50-60 mg/kg ip; studied 3-4 mo after streptozotocin) in response to RP52891, an activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. RP52891 (1.0 microM) dilated pial arterioles in nondiabetic rats by 16 +/- 1% but constricted pial arterioles in diabetic rats by 2 +/- 2% (means +/- SE; P 0.05). Thus impaired dilatation of pial arterioles in diabetic rats in response to RP52891 also is not related to a nonspecific effect of diabetes mellitus on vasodilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Help-seeking by substance abusers: the role of harm reduction and behavioral-economic approaches to facilitate treatment entry and retention.

Many substance abusers make repeated attempts to quit or control their drug use. Some attempts involve participation in formal treatment or self-help groups, but recovery also can occur outside the context of interventions (Sobell et al. 1991). It is important to determine what promotes helpseeking at some times and not others, and how influences on help-seeking may differ from influences on recovery (Tucker and Gladsjo 1993). Survey research has demonstrated that most substance abusers do not enter substance-focused treatments or self-help groups (Price et al. 1991; Regier et al. 1993), although those who seek care utilize other medical and mental health services with higher frequency than do individuals who do not have substance-related problems (Putnam 1982). The help-seeking problem thus involves underutilization of substance-focused services and overor misutilization of other health and mental health services. Importantly, interventions aimed strictly at treatment retention cannot address the more general problem of why so many substance abusers avoid traditional drug treatment programs, and efforts to increase appropriate care utilization require knowledge of the help-seeking process.
Computation of Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors Using Enriched Finite Elements

Elastodynamic analysis of cracks is of critical importance for determining the ultimate strength of structures subjected to rapid loading. In the case of sudden impact loading, dynamic stress intensity factors are significantly higher than stress intensity factors obtained for structures subjected to static loading. Thus, an efficient approach for computing transient stress intensity factors, e.g., an approach that does not require creation of a special crack tip mesh, is of considerable value for accessing the influence of complex time dependent loading. The enriched finite element approach is a very effective technique for obtaining dynamic stress intensity factors for three-dimensional fracture problems. This approach utilizes the asymptotic crack tip fields for direct computation of stress intensity factors. Example three-dimensional solutions for dynamic fracture problems with stationary crack fronts are presented in this study, demonstrating the spatial and temporal variation of the stress intensity factors due to crack surface interactions with propagating elastic waves.
Attendance Patterns and Characteristics of Participants in Public Cholesterol Screening

Abstract We conducted free, voluntary, public cholesterol screenings in supermarkets in the Rochester, New York, area during a four-month period for demonstration and research purposes. We assessed demographic characteristics and attendance patterns of the 8,583 participants. Compared with 1980 census data for the same census tracts, our participants were likelier to be white, older, female, and better educated than the general population in the area. Most screenees knew about the screenings in advance, and 79% came to the store just for screening. Weekend and weeknight screenings attracted more men and more younger people, in comparison to weekday screenings. However, referral rates based on high cholesterol (HC) test results were similar during all screening times. Overall, 22% of screenees reported a previous diagnosis of HC, but in the highest cholesterol-level group, 45% of screenees reported a history of HC. Previous awareness of HC did not vary according to screening time. These findings indicate that, like other screenings, cholesterol screenings in a public setting do not attract a representative sample of the whole population. The screenings did, however, attract a large number of high-risk individuals, many of whom had no prior awareness of HC. These results should be valuable in planning and targeting future cholesterol screenings.
More or Less Tightly Coupled Networks

A wide variety of different architectures have been proposed for large networks of computers. These include systems using buses, cross-point switches, rings, lattices, stars, snowflakes and similar clusters, clusters of clusters, binary trees, n -ary trees, pyramids, and binary n -cubes—among many other interconnection patterns. This chapter describes most of these architectures and explores the striking similarities between many of these on-the-surface-different configurations. It discusses the networks that, with very few exceptions, contain only a few dozen computers. But networks are being explored with an eye to the relatively near future when very-large-scale integration technology will open up the possibility of far larger numbers, in the hundreds, thousands, or millions. Most of these systems exist only as paper designs and are still being thought through. In contrast to the arrays only a handful of small multiple instruction, multiple data networks have been built or even designed in full detail.
Sequences and Series of Functions

• We say that a sequence of functions {f n : D → ℝ} defined on a subset D ⊆ ℝ converges pointwise on D if for each x ∈ D the sequence of numbers {f n(x)} converge. If {f n} converges pointwise on D, then we define f : D → ℝ with \(f\left( x \right)\, = \,\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \,f_n \left( x \right)\) for each x ∈ D. We denote this symbolically by f n → f on D.
Hall effect within the colossal magnetoresistive semimetallic state of MoTe 2

Here, we report a systematic study on the Hall effect of the semimetallic state of bulk ${\mathrm{MoTe}}_{2}$, which was recently claimed to be a candidate for a novel type of Weyl semimetallic state. The temperature $(T)$ dependence of the carrier densities and of their mobilities, as estimated from a numerical analysis based on the isotropic two-carrier model, indicates that its exceedingly large and nonsaturating magnetoresistance may be attributed to a near perfect compensation between the densities of electrons and holes at low temperatures. A sudden increase in hole density, with a concomitant rapid increase in the electron mobility below $T\ensuremath{\sim}40$ K, leads to comparable densities of electrons and holes at low temperatures suggesting a possible electronic phase transition around this temperature.
Dual diagnostic catheter technique in the endovascular management of anterior communicating artery complex aneurysms.

Background The configuration of the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) complex is important in the endovascular treatment of AcomA complex aneurysms. In cases of codominant anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), coil embolization may result in inadvertent occlusion of the contralateral ACA due to poor visualization. A second diagnostic catheter in the contralateral carotid artery may help with visualization of this angiographic blind spot. To our knowledge, the safety and efficacy of this dual diagnostic catheter technique have never been assessed. Methods A cohort of consecutive patients that underwent coil embolization of an AcomA complex aneurysm at a major academic institution in the United States between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Eighty-two patients who had an AcomA complex aneurysm treated with coil embolization were identified. The dual diagnostic catheter technique was used in 17 (20.7%) patients. Aneurysms treated with the dual diagnostic catheter technique were less frequently ruptured and had less favorable dome-to-neck ratios as well as neck width for primary coil embolization. The rate of codominant ACAs was significantly higher and stent-assisted coil embolization was performed more frequently. The rate of thromboembolic complications, angiographic outcome, and retreatment did not differ between both the groups. Conclusions The dual diagnostic catheter technique is a safe and effective method during coil embolization of AcomA complex aneurysms and preferred for aneurysms with codominant ACAs, incorporation of either A1 or A2 segments into the aneurysm, and aneurysms with a wide neck and low dome-to-neck ratios.
Performance of Smart Sensor Detectors for Stop-Bar Detection at Signalized Intersections

AbstractRecent years have seen increasing deployment of radar-based technologies for vehicle detection at signalized intersections in the United States, mainly because they are nonintrusive, accura...
Lactose crystallization in milk protein concentrate and its effects on rheology

Abstract This work investigated the impact of lactose crystallization in milk protein concentrate and its effects on rheology. Crystallization was conducted with varying levels of total solids (44, 46, and 48%), temperature (15, 20, and 25 °C), and α-lactose monohydrate powder size (40 and 100 mesh) as seed crystals. Concentration of total solids was the most important factor affecting crystallization rate. MPC 42 concentrates exhibited a non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior. The difference in viscosities among the total solids content was caused by the amount of crystal mass and not by the total solids itself. Samples seeded with 100 mesh lactose seed exhibited a significantly higher consistency index, higher yield stress, and lower flow behavior index than samples seeded with 40 mesh seeds. A second order polynomial model provided empirical relationships between rheology and volume fraction.
Teaching Nematology: To Read is to Learn

Teaching signifies a general function that applies to almost any practice that assists individuals in the development of skills or knowledge. Implicit within this sweeping concept are the functions of instructing, tutoring, training and educating. Instruction involves a systematic organized (often formalistic) method of teaching; tutoring is private instruction or coaching in a particular subject or skill; training implies learning by practice or trial and error; educating suggests a process which imparts of a specific body of knowledge, especially that which equips one to practice a profession and includes an objective, analytical way of reasoning.
Self-regulation in Adulthood

Self-regulation involves exerting control over thoughts, emotions, performance, or impulses. Effective control requires clear standards, monitoring of one's own behavior, and the capacity to produce change. The last appears to involve expending a limited resource akin to energy. Problems in any area can impair self-regulation. Effective self-regulation is a vital aspect of human success in life and includes the ability to adapt oneself to diverse circumstances.
Characterization of H-FER and H-TON using temperature-programmed desorption of alkylamines

Simultaneous temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were performed with n-propylamine and isopropylamine in H-FER and H-TON in order to test whether the Bronsted-acid sites associated with the 10-ring, straight channels in H-FER could be distinguished from the acid sites in the side cavities. In H-TON, the saturation uptakes were identical for both amines, as were the acid-site densities determined from the amounts of amine which reacted to olefin and ammonia products above 600 K. By contrast, the saturation uptake for isopropylamine in H-FER was much lower than the uptake of n-propylamine and the site density determined from the amounts which react were also significantly lower. It is argued that the n-propylamine results for H-FER provide a measure of the total Bronsted-acid-site density, while the isopropylamine results provide a measure of the site density in the 10-ring channels.
The Catalytic Role of Micelle-Bisulfite Complexation in Vinyl Polymerization

The present paper is concerned with the polymerization of vinyl monomers such as acrylamide and methyl acrylate with sodium bisulfite as catalyst in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Comparative studies are made with systems containing non-micellar salts or polycationics.
‘Afterschool and during vacations’: on labor and schooling in the postcolony

The Indian state's recent deregulation of child labor, several years after it passed a law making schooling free and compulsory, forces us to attend to the distinct dynamic between child labor and ...
Key Trends in Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement

AbstractDynamic soil-structure interaction effective stress analyses are performed to identify key trends in the settlement of buildings with shallow foundations affected by soil liquefaction. Over...
Measuring Infrasound from the Maritime Environment

Worldwide infrasound coverage is obtained using fixed, land-based sensing networks. However, two-thirds of the earth’s surface is composed of oceans, and while islands in the ocean already host sensing stations, no capability yet exists to monitor infrasound from sensors fielded directly in the maritime environment. Deployment in the maritime would greatly enhance the ability to monitor natural and anthropogenic sources of infrasound around the world through improved event detection, localization, and classification. The additional sensing may also facilitate improved knowledge of global atmospheric environmental conditions. The advantages and challenges of infrasound sensing in the maritime environment are described, as are potential host platforms for fielding them. Some technical challenges for this concept include sensor motion, wind noise, composing arrays of sensors and survivability in the ocean environment. An in-depth analysis of one of these, the negative impact of ocean heave on performance, is described along with a potential solution for its mitigation.
The Performance of Stock Portfolios formed using Fuzzy Logic

Expert systems, a type of artificial intelligence that replicate how experts think, can aide unskilled users in making decisions or apply an expert’s thought process to a sample much larger than could be examined by a human expert. In this paper, an expert system that ranks financial securities using fuzzy membership functions is developed and applied to form portfolios. Our results indicate that this approach to form stock portfolios can result in superior returns than the market as measured by the return on the S&P 500. These portfolios may also provide superior risk-adjusted returns when compared to the market.
Neurology Clerkship – Predictors of OSCE and Shelf Exam Performance (S14.002)

Objective: To determine if the following factors are associated with stronger performance on the neurology clerkship: 1) structure of the outpatient rotation (working with a single general neurologist or multiple subspecialists), 2) dedicated shelf exam preparation, and 3) clerkships completed prior to neurology rotation. Background: The AAN estimates that there will be a 20% shortfall of neurologists by the year 2025, with the number of medical students entering the field remaining stagnant at 2–3% per year. With this increasing demand for and stable supply of providers, it is essential to ensure that all medical students develop a solid foundation of neurology during their medical school clerkship. Design/Methods: A total of 439 Feinberg medical students between 2014 and 2016 were analyzed based on the three variables of interest listed above. Student performance was evaluated using the National Board of Medical Examiner (NBME) shelf exam and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: The format of the two-week outpatient rotation did not significantly affect shelf examination (p=0.59), or OSCE (p=0.34) scores. Taking a shelf pre-test correlated with overall higher OSCE scores (p Conclusions: Greater attending continuity did not appear to be associated with stronger performance perhaps due to a difference in types of cases observed. Students who took a practice shelf exam did better on both their shelf exam and OSCE, suggesting that acquisition of knowledge translates to a better clinical performance. No individual clerkship offers an advantage, but rather it is the total number of clerkships that is correlated with stronger performance. Disclosure: Dr. Sampat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rouleau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zadikoff has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Abbvie, USworldMeds, Acadia, UCB, St Jude, Merz, Teva, Lundbeck.
Supporting the Mental Health Needs of First Generation College Students.

First-generation college students (FGCS) experience the same challenges as non-first-generation students (NFGCS), but they also face their own unique stressors such as a lack of academic preparatio...
SDT in Athletics

This chapter focuses on just some of the sport-related self-determination theory research. The idea that play and physical activity is intrinsically motivating is well supported but when physical activity morphs into organized athletics, there are many other factors (coaches, engaged parents, spectators, rewards, contracts, scholarships) to consider that might reduce intrinsic motivation. Research has supported the ideas that if rewards are given in a controlling, conditional manner, they will undermine intrinsic motivation and are associated with lower levels of need satisfaction. For example, athletic scholarships are perceived to be controlling of time and talents, particularly in sports where they are common (e.g., basketball, football) decreases in intrinsic motivation can be expected. Financial rewards can also undermine motivation for professional athletes. The motivational climate created and how feedback is provided will impact motivation as well. Carpentier and Mageau (Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38:45–58, 2016) reported that the more autonomy supportive the feedback, the more autonomous motivation, self-confidence, and satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness. Finally, the coach–athlete relationship and its influence on motivation are introduced. Numerous studies have shown that coaches can be trained to autonomy supportive which led to need satisfaction and enhanced performance.
The Infected Diabetic Foot: Re-evaluating the Infectious Diseases Society of America Diabetic Foot Infection Classification

BACKGROUND We provide evidence to revise the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) diabetic foot infection classification by adding a separate tier for osteomyelitis and evaluating if moderate and severe infection criteria improve the classification's ability to direct therapy and determine outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 294 patients with moderate and severe infections. Osteomyelitis was confirmed by bone culture or histopathology. Soft tissue infection (STI) was based on negative bone culture, magnetic resonance imaging, or single-photon emission computed tomography. We stratified STI and osteomyelitis using IDSA criteria for moderate and severe infections and compared outcomes and complications. RESULTS Osteomyelitis patients had greater antibiotic duration (32.5 ± 46.8 vs 63.8 ± 55.1 days; P < .01), surgery frequency (55.5% vs 99.4%; P < .01), number of surgeries (2.1 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 2.3; P < .01), amputations (26.3% vs 83.4%; P < .01), reinfection (38.0% vs 56.7%; P < .01), and length of stay (14.5 ± 14.9 vs 22.6 ± 19.0 days; P < .01). There were no differences in moderate and severe STI outcomes except for infection readmissions (46.2% vs 25.0%; P = .02), and acute kidney injury (31.2% vs 50.0%; P = .03). There were no differences in moderate and severe osteomyelitis except the number of surgeries (2.8 ± 2.1 vs 4.1 ± 2.5; P < .01) and length of stay (18.6 ± 17.5 vs 28.2 ± 17.7; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The IDSA classification better reflects outcomes if risk categories are stratified by STI or osteomyelitis and moderate and severe infections are not categorized separately.
CP VIOLATION FROM NON STANDARD MODELS

The title of my talk allows for a great deal of freedom. I could say that SUSY models are standard etc. and turn to wild speculations, but instead I will be conservative.
Ghosting: Contextualized Query Auto-Completion on Amazon Search

Query auto-completion presents a ranked list of search queries as suggestions for a customer-entered prefix. Ghosting is the process of auto-completing a search recommendation by highlighting the suggested text inline i.e., within the search box. We present a behavioral recommendation model that uses customer search context to ghost on high-confidence queries. We tested ghosting on over 140 million search sessions. Session-context ghosting increased the acceptance of offered suggestions by 6.18%, reduced misspelled searches by 4.42% and improved net sales by 0.14%.
Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells

Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous, and many are known to cause harmful health effects. However, much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly lacking. Toxicant exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely understood. While much of the recent excitement about stem cells (SCs) focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents, they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant effects. Not only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing, SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled conditions. We present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs, followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue SCs. The review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed, as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.
Beyond Trump? A critique of Nancy Fraser’s call for a new left hegemony:

Nancy Fraser’s essay ‘From Progressive Neoliberalism to Trump – and Beyond’ is an important intervention in current discussions of Trumpism and how the left, broadly, should understand and respond ...
FDA's Unimproved Enforcement of Postmarketing Requirements and Commitments: Implications for Providers and Patients.

Abstract Background The 2007 reauthorization of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act empowered the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to require and enforce postmarketing studies to monitor the safety of prescription drugs, an increasing number of which are approved under expedited development or review programs. However, compliance rates for postmarketing requirements are low, and the FDA has not exercised its enforcement authority, allowing the very safety concerns that prompted the expansion of its power to continue. Prior evaluations have found that the FDA lacks reliable, timely, and readily accessible data for tracking postmarket safety issues, and that it has failed to enforce the postmarket surveillance measures it requires of the pharmaceutical industry. Objective This study provides an updated evaluation of FDA oversight of postmarketing requirements and commitments and assesses whether there have been improvements since 2010. Methods This study utilized data from the FDA's annual Report on the Performance of Drug and Biologics Firms in Conducting Postmarketing Requirements and Commitments. It evaluated studies opened in FY 2011–2014 and tracked their status through the FDA's FY 2018 report (data as of September 30, 2018), thereby allowing the pharmaceutical industry 4–7 years to complete a given PMR/PMC. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and differences in the status of postmarketing requirements and postmarketing commitments between FYs 2011–2014 and FY 2009–2010 were evaluated. Results During fiscal years 2011–2014, there was little difference in the FDA's oversight of postmarketing studies compared to fiscal years 2009–2010. While there were some year-to-year significant differences, the overall trend indicated no change. Conclusions The FDA's oversight of postmarketing studies has not improved since 2010. This paper discusses implications for providers and patients who unduly assume the responsibility of postmarketing surveillance due to the lack of FDA oversight.
Structure-Guided Engineering of a Scoulerine 9-O-Methyltransferase Enables the Biosynthesis of Tetrahydropalmatrubine and Tetrahydropalmatine in Yeast

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are an important class of plant natural products with diverse pharmacological properties. Microbial platforms can produce BIAs through heterologous biosynthesis ...
Turbocharging Geospatial Visualization Dashboards via a Materialized Sampling Cube Approach

In this paper, we present a middleware framework that runs on top of a SQL data system with the purpose of increasing the interactivity of geospatial visualization dashboards. The proposed system adopts a sampling cube approach that stores pre-materialized spatial samples and allows users to define their own accuracy loss function such that the produced samples can be used for various user-defined visualization tasks. The system ensures that the difference between the sample fed into the visualization dashboard and the raw query answer never exceeds the user-specified loss threshold. To reduce the number of cells in the sampling cube and hence mitigate the initialization time and memory utilization, the system employs two main strategies: (1) a partially materialized cube to only materialize local samples of those queries for which the global sample (the sample drawn from the entire dataset) exceeds the required accuracy loss threshold. (2) a sample selection technique that finds similarities between different local samples and only persists a few representative samples. Based on the extensive experimental evaluation, Tabula can bring down the total data-to-visualization time (including both data-system and visualization times) of a heat map generated over 700 million taxi rides to 600 milliseconds with 250 meters user-defined accuracy loss. Besides, Tabula costs up to two orders of magnitude less memory footprint (e.g., only 800 MB for the running example) and one order of magnitude less initialization time than the fully materialized sampling cube.
Associations between maternal and paternal feeding styles of infants in a racially diverse US birth cohort.

Background Maternal feeding style has been associated with childhood obesity and has been the target of numerous interventions, but few studies included fathers. Objectives We assessed correlations and associations between maternal and paternal feeding style. Methods We examined 202 mothers, fathers, and infants in Nurture, a racially diverse US cohort (2013-2017). Mothers and fathers completed the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire when infants were 6 and 12 months. We examined unadjusted correlations using Spearman's Rho and adjusted associations using linear regressions. Results All feeding styles were significantly correlated. After adjustment, maternal feeding style was associated with paternal feeding style at 6 and 12 months for responsive (s 0.31; CI 0.18, 0.45; P ≤ 0.0001 and s 0.67; CI 0.50, 0.84; P ≤ 0.0001), restrictive (s 0.24; CI 0.09, 0.38; P = 0.001 and s 0.44; CI 0.29, 0.59; P ≤ 0.0001), pressuring (s 0.46; CI 0.34, 0.58; P ≤ 0.0001 and s 0.51; CI 0.38, 065; P ≤ 0.0001), indulgent (s 0.36; CI 0.20, 0.52; P ≤ 0.0001 and s 0.57; CI 0.40, 0.73; P ≤ 0.0001), and laissez-faire (s 0.39; CI 0.24, 0.55; P ≤ 0.0001 and s 0.55; CI 0.37, 0.72; P ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions Maternal and paternal feeding styles were correlated. Associations held after adjustment, suggesting that mothers and fathers are in relative agreement in their reporting.
Permutable compiled queries: dynamically adapting compiled queries without recompiling

Just-in-time (JIT) query compilation is a technique to improve analytical query performance in database management systems (DBMSs). But the cost of compiling each query can be significant relative ...
Capturing medical practice with indication embeddings

The electronic health record is a rising resource for quantifying medical practice and discovering adverse effects of drugs. One of the challenges of health care data is the high dimensionality of the health record. Any study of patterns in health data must account for tens of thousands of potentially relevant diagnoses or treatments. In this work, we develop indication embeddings, a way to reduce the dimensionality of health data while capturing the information relevant to treatment decisions. We demonstrate that these embeddings recover therapeutic uses of drugs. Then we use these embeddings as an informative representation of relationships between drugs, between health history events and drug prescriptions, and between patients at a particular time in their health history. We show the application of these embeddings in areas of current research. For drug safety studies, particularly retrospective cohort studies, our low-dimensional representation helps in finding comparator drugs and constructing comparator cohorts.
An assessment of factors contributing to firms’ carbon footprint reduction efforts

Abstract In recent years, companies have increasingly been taking measures to reduce their carbon footprint to minimize environmental impact. However, research that looks at factors that influence carbon emissions is scarce. We address this gap by empirically examining the impact of internal and external initiatives on firms' carbon footprints, as captured by their Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. Using secondary data collected from CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project), we carry out an inductive analysis to understand the role of some of the more commonly adopted practices for carbon footprint reduction by non-financial companies in the Global 500 list, which represents the largest companies by market capitalization. Specifically, we investigate factors contributing to internal and external decarbonization efforts in a company's supply chain, and how they affect emissions and financial performance outcomes. Consistent with past sustainability research, we include financial and environmental motives as key considerations for assessing the usefulness of carbon reduction practices. However, we find limited support for the factors that we hypothesized to influence carbon footprint reduction and economic benefits, and most firms pursuing carbon reduction initiatives were yet to see the effectiveness of the initiatives. All internal initiatives, except the disclosure scores, were positively associated with Scope 1 emissions. The influence of supplier engagement on Scope 3 emissions was significant, but non-significant on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. As such, rigorous and comprehensive reporting about sources and the management of emissions do not necessarily translate into lower emissions by external supply chain partners. Finally, reduction of emissions per se did not lead to superior financial performance. Theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
iPick: Multiprocessing software for integrated NMR signal detection and validation

Peak picking is a critical step in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. The program, iPick, presented here provides a scripting tool and a graphical user interface (GUI), which allow the user to perform interactive and intuitive peak picking and validation. The click-and-run GUI requires no computer programming skills, while the scripting tool can be used by more advanced users to customize the application. If used with a multi-core CPU, the multiprocessing feature of iPick reduces the processing time significantly by invoking parallel computing. The GUI is a plugin, compatible with the popular NMRFAM-SPARKY software package and its newly released successor, the POKY software. Features implemented in iPick include automated noise level detection and threshold setting, cross-validation against multiple spectra, and a method for quantifying peak reliability. The iPick software is cross-platform, open-source, and freely available from https://github.com/pokynmr/ipick.
The effect of sex on the mouse lens transcriptome.

Abstract The transcriptome of mammalian tissues differs between males and females, and these differences can change across the lifespan, likely regulating known sexual dimorphisms in disease prevalence and severity. Cataract, the most prevalent disease of the ocular lens, occurs at similar rates in young individuals, but its incidence is elevated in older women compared to men of the same age. However, the influence of sex on the lens transcriptome was unknown. RNAseq based transcriptomic profiling of young adult C57BL/6J mouse lens epithelial and fiber cells revealed that few genes are differentially expressed between the sexes. In contrast, lens cells from aged (24 month old) male and female C57BL/6J mice differentially expressed many genes, including several whose expression is lens preferred. Like cataracts, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), a major sequela of cataract surgery, may also be more prevalent in women. Lens epithelial cells isolated from mouse eyes 24 h after lens fiber cell removal exhibited numerous transcriptomic differences between the sexes, including genes implicated in complement cascades and extracellular matrix regulation, and these differences are much more pronounced in aged mice than in young mice. These results provide an unbiased basis for future studies on how sex affects the lens response to aging, cataract development, and cataract surgery.
CGRP induces migraine-like symptoms in mice during both the active and inactive phases.

Circadian patterns of migraine attacks have been reported by patients but remain understudied. In animal models, circadian phases are generally not taken into consideration. In particular, rodents are nocturnal animals, yet they are most often tested during their inactive phase during the day. This study aims to test the validity of CGRP-induced behavioral changes in mice by comparing responses during the active and inactive phases. Male and female mice of the outbred CD1 strain were administered vehicle (PBS) or CGRP (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce migraine-like symptoms. Animals were tested for activity (homecage movement and voluntary wheel running), light aversive behavior, and spontaneous pain at different times of the day and night. Peripheral administration of CGRP decreased the activity of mice during the first hour after administration, induced light aversive behavior, and spontaneous pain during that same period of time. Both phenotypes were observed no matter what time of the day or night they were assessed. A decrease in wheel activity is an additional clinically relevant phenotype observed in this model, which is reminiscent of the reduction in normal physical activity observed in migraine patients. The ability of peripheral CGRP to induce migraine-like symptoms in mice is independent of the phase of the circadian cycle. Therefore, preclinical assessment of migraine-like phenotypes can likely be done during the more convenient inactive phase of mice.
A differential thin film resistance thermometry method for peak thermal conductivity measurements of high thermal conductivity crystals.

High thermal conductivity materials are useful for thermal management applications and fundamental studies of phonon transport. Past measurements of several ultrahigh thermal conductivity materials were not able to obtain the peak thermal conductivity, which is expected to appear at a low temperature and contains insight into the competition between extrinsic phonon-defect and phonon-boundary scattering with intrinsic phonon–phonon processes. Here, we report a peak thermal conductivity measurement method based on differential Wheatstone bridge measurement of the small temperature drop between two thin film resistance thermometers patterned directly on the sample. With the use of a mesoscale silicon bar sample as the calibration standard, this method is able to obtain results that agree with past measurements of large bulk silicon crystals at high temperatures and first-principles calculation results that account for additional phonon-boundary scattering in the sample. The agreement demonstrates the accuracy of this measurement method for peak thermal conductivity measurements of high thermal conductivity materials.
Temporal trends of multiple sclerosis disease activity: Electronic health records indicators

Abstract Background Long-term data on multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammatory disease activity are limited. We examined electronic health records (EHR) indicators of disease activity in people with MS. Methods We analyzed prospectively collected research registry data and linked EHR data in a clinic-based cohort from 2000 to 2016. We used the trend of the yearly incident relapse rate from the registry data as benchmark. We then calculated the temporal trends of potentially relevant EHR measures, including mean count of the MS diagnostic code, mentions of MS-related concepts, MS-related health utilizations and selected prescriptions. Results 1,555 MS patients had both registry and EHR data. Between 2000 and 2016, the registry data showed a declining trend in the yearly incident relapse rate, parallel to an increasing trend of DMT usage. Among the EHR measures, covariate-adjusted frequency of diagnostic code of MS, procedure codes of MS-related imaging studies and emergency room visits, and electronic prescription for steroids declined over time, mirroring the temporal trend of the benchmark yearly incident relapse rate. Conclusion This study highlights EHR indicators of MS relapse that could enable large-scale examination of long-term disease activities or inform individual patient monitoring in clinical settings where EHR data are available.
Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements

INTRODUCTION History Role of Ultrasound in Medical Imaging Purpose of the Book Reference Further Reading FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION Stress and Strain Relationships Acoustic Wave Equation Characteristic Impedance Intensity Radiation Force Reflection and Refraction Attenuation, Absorption, and Scattering Nonlinearity Parameter B/A Doppler Effect References ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND ARRAYS Piezoelectric Effect Piezoelectric Constitutive Equation Ultrasonic Transducers Mechanical Matching Electrical Matching Transducer Beam Characteristics Arrays References GRAY-SCALE ULTRASONIC IMAGING A (Amplitude)-Mode and B (Brightness)-Mode Imaging M-Mode and C-Mode Ultrasound Computed Tomography (CT) Coded Excitation Imaging Compound Imaging Synthetic Aperture Imaging References DOPPLER FLOW MEASUREMENTS Nondirectional CW Flow Meters Directional Doppler Flow Meters Pulsed Doppler Flow Meters Clinical Applications and Doppler Indices Potential Problems in Doppler Measurements Tissue Doppler and Multigate Doppler References FLOW AND DISPLACEMENT IMAGING Color Doppler Flow Imaging Color Doppler Power Imaging Time-Domain Flow Estimation Elasticity Imaging B-Flow Imaging References CONTRAST MEDIA AND HARMONIC IMAGING Contrast Agents Nonlinear Interactions Between Ultrasound and Bubbles Modified Rayleigh-Plesset Equation for Encapsulated Gas Bubbles Solutions to Rayleigh-Plesset Equation Harmonic Imaging Native Tissue Harmonic Imaging Clinical Applications of Contrast Agents and Harmonic Imaging References INTRACAVITY AND HIGH-FREQUENCY (HF) IMAGING Imaging Intravascular Imaging High-Frequency Imaging Acoustic Microscopes References MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMAGING Parallel Processing Multidimensional Arrays Three-Dimensional Imaging References BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND Acoustic Phenomena at High-Intensity Levels Ultrasound Bioeffects Mechanical Effects and Index References METHODS FOR MEASURING SPEED, ATTENUATION, ABSORPTION, AND SCATTERING Velocity Attenuation Scattering References INDEX
Designing with high speed clock drivers

Today's high speed systems are encountering problems with clocking that were not considerations with lower speed clocks and systems. These problems are forcing the design community to rethink the task of clock distribution to avoid the consequences of the higher speeds. As a result, new products and new design techniques are being introduced which circumvent the complications of the order systems. The consequences of poor clock design fall into two categories, skew and noise, each of which has its associated problems. Those related to skew include misclocking (reverse clocking) of pipelined registers, duty cycle distortion, and erosion of the usable portion of the clock period. Noise related problems that can develop include signal reflections (termination problems), ground bounce, EMI, cross coupling of signals, and double clocking. The solution to many clocking problems is to distribute the clock in a star pattern by taking a single clock signal and fanning it out with a low skew clock driver or buffer. This way each clock input or lumped load has its own individual clock line that is matched to every other clock line from the same source. By using a low skew clock driver/buffer, the designer can carefully distribute his clock while minimizing skew and controlling signal quality.
Characterization of Cysteamine as a Potential Contraceptive Anti-HIV Agent

Cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine, or MEA) is a thiol-reducing agent and has anti-HIV activity. Because of these properties, cysteamine was evaluated as a vaginal contraceptive and tested for its effects on sperm function and on other sexually transmitted microbes. Cysteamine was contraceptive in the rabbit. Conception was inhibited completely when sperm were pretreated with 500 microg/ml cysteamine and was inhibited by more than 60% when 7.5 mg cysteamine was applied vaginally as a suspension in 50% K-Y Jelly. Cysteamine had multiple effects on spermatozoa. Both acrosin (EC 3.4.21.10) and hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35) were reversibly inhibited by cysteamine. Calculated IC50 values were 370 microg/ml and 150 microg/ml for acrosin and hyaluronidase, respectively. Cysteamine behaved as a poor spermicide when activity was measured by the 30-second Sander-Cramer test. However, sperm motility was inhibited completely when cysteamine was preincubated for 10 minutes prior to motility evaluation, at concentrations as low as 50 microg/ml. The calcium ionophore A23187-induced human acrosome reaction was inhibited by cysteamine (IC50 = 0.5 microg/ml). Neither herpes simplex virus nor Neisseria gonorrhoeae was affected by cysteamine at concentrations as high as 500 microg/ml and 100 microg/ml, respectively. Cysteamine appears to have no effect on normal vaginal flora (i.e., lactobacillus). These results, together with published data, strongly support the further development of cysteamine as a topical contraceptive anti-HIV agent.