cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composite Crew Module: Primary Structure

In January 2007, the NASA Administrator and Associate Administrator for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate chartered the NASA Engineering and Safety Center to design, build, and test a full-scale crew module primary structure, using carbon fiber reinforced epoxy based composite materials. The overall goal of the Composite Crew Module project was to develop a team from the NASA family with hands-on experience in composite design, manufacturing, and testing in anticipation of future space exploration systems being made of composite materials. The CCM project was planned to run concurrently with the Orion project's baseline metallic design within the Constellation Program so that features could be compared and discussed without inducing risk to the overall Program. This report discusses the project management aspects of the project including team organization, decision making, independent technical reviews, and cost and schedule management approach.
Robot-assisted right lobe donor hepatectomy

Recent advances in robotic surgical technology have enabled application to complex surgical procedures. Following extensive institutional experience with major robotic liver resections, we determined that it was safe to apply this technology to right lobe donor hepatectomy (RLDH). The procedure was performed using the Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System, in an entirely minimally invasive fashion, during which the liver graft was safely extracted through a limited lower abdominal incision. Both donor and recipient recovered well, without acute complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature. The technical feasibility of this minimally invasive approach is demonstrated, exemplifying the novel exciting opportunities offered by robotic technology.
The location area design problem in cellular and personal communications systems

The design of location areas (LA) in cellular and PCS networks is a challenging problem primarily because of the intractability of the underlying mobility models. This paper provides methods to solve this problem and provides efficient methods to design LAs that minimize the impact of paging and registration. For the homogeneous mobile traffic case, we establish the convexity of the cost function and provide a close-form solution. For the heterogeneous mobile traffic case, we (i) propose an approximation scheme to compute the LA size and (ii) show how the VLR area can be split into location areas.
GFR α-1 receptor expression in the aging nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens pathways.

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 707–715. Abstract We recently reported that age-related bradykinesia was associated with reduced dopamine (DA) tissue content, ser31 tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation, and total TH levels in substantia nigra (SN) only. In this study, we propose that these decreases result from reduced glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-1 (GFR α-1) levels in the aged (30-month-old) cohort of rats. Analysis of GFR α-1 receptor protein in SN, striatum, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens from 12- and 30-month-old Brown-Norway/Fischer 344 F1 hybrid rats revealed immunoreactivity at ∼48 and 52 kDa, bands previously characterized to correspond to soluble and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked forms of GFR α-1, respectively. The nigrostriatal pathway had significantly greater levels of the soluble GFR α-1 than the mesoaccumbens pathway. Aging significantly reduced soluble and total GFR α-1 in the SN. The levels of GFR α-1 significantly correlated with TH protein in SN, striatum, and nucleus accumbens, but only in the SN did GFR α-1 significantly correlate with DA levels. Based on these observations and findings from the literature, we speculate that (i) GFR α-1 receptor expression may regulate nigral DA bioavailability in vivo, (ii) age-related decreases in soluble GFR α-1 in SN may contribute to bradykinesia in aging, and (iii) differences in expression of the GFR α-1 forms between the nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens pathways and allied tissue may indicate that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-signaling differs between these DA pathways.
Analysis of the formation of antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cell populations derived from single naïve precursors (LYM3P.731)

Following infection, a naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cell population proliferates and differentiates into to effector cell progeny that are either Th1 cells, which activate the microbicidal functions of macrophages, or T follicular helper cells, which help B cells make antibodies. After the resolution of infection, most antigen-specific cells die, while a small number of cells survive to form long-lived memory cells. The origins of these memory cells remain unclear. In this study, we tracked the differentiation clonal populations of CD4+ T cells, from single naive cells into effector cells, and subsequently memory cells. We find that not all naive CD4+ T cells that produce effector cell populations give rise to memory populations. However, when memory populations are formed, they are phenotypically similar to the effector populations in terms of Th1 and T follicular helper cell differentiation, suggesting that effector cell phenotype is maintained into memory, and that memory cells are derived from effector cells. Ongoing work is focused on determining the contributions of TCR signal strength and effector population burst size has in memory cell differentiation.
Building a Connection Towards E-Public Health: Individual Preparedness within a Local Community

Individual preparedness within a local public health community is essential to support governmental initiatives surrounding the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The changing dimensions of local communities increase the need for individual preparedness of our healthrelated practitioners. Information communication technology (ICT) of low-richness medium for public health and community outreach practitioners is discussed as a means to initiate interoperable communications in these local communities for emergency response. We seek to answer: What ICT devices do local public health and community outreach practitioners need to be individually prepared as front-line responders? An assessment of front-line responder response characteristics are presented and reviewed to advance discussions surrounding the need for individual preparedness in a local community. Our assessment also compares the benefits of ham radio operations known for their longevity and reliability in crisis where communication protocols are established to modern ICT that are plug-and-play. The contribution of this research is to present a potential connection towards e-public health where health-related front-line responders could benefit.
Chapter 5 Functional Roles of lntracellular Potassium in Red Blood Cells

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the functional roles of intracellular potassium (Ki) in red blood cells. The adaptation to high Ki is reflected in a variety of cellular processes, such as the dependence of enzyme activities and metabolism on high Ki, the requirement of Ki for protein synthesis (translation requires Ki) in growth and differentiation, the physiological roles ion gradients provide in excitatory processes (as in nerve and muscle), and in solute movements by cotransport and by countertransport mechanisms. The operation of ion transport mechanisms provides the basic way cells have for steady-state maintenance of their cell volume and for their homeostatic adjustments to environmental perturbations. Certain types of interactions between Na and K on the same side of the membrane that result in alterations in the Na/K pump rate are considered in chapter. The gradients of Na and K that characteristically exist across cell membranes reflect not only the input of metabolic energy but also the operation of specific transport mechanisms responsible for their maintenance and perhaps their initial establishment.
Three-body fragmentation of C O 2 2 + upon K -shell photoionization

The fragmentation dynamics of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecules subsequent to $K$-shell photoexcitation and ionization was studied using a multicoincidence ion momentum imaging technique. The detailed analysis via fragment momentum correlation plots (Newton diagrams) clearly reveals concurrent fragmentation mechanisms for the three-body dissociation of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}_{2}{}^{2+}$ into ${\mathrm{C}}^{+}+{\mathrm{O}}^{+}+\mathrm{O}$, for both linear and bent geometry states of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}_{2}{}^{2+}$. The experimental results are supported by a classical trajectory simulation based on a Coulomb explosion model, which elucidates energy and angular correlations between fragments for different fragmentation processes.
High-performance real-time heterodyne interferometry.

A novel system for real-time heterodyne interferometry of extended objects is demonstrated. Featured in this system is the direct measurement of the optical path difference, eliminating the sometimes troublesome interpretation of the fringe patterns of traditional interferometry. High spatial and temporal resolutions are available in real time for a properly instrumented system. The concept, its performance, and applications are presented along with results from a breadboard system, where phase accuracy of better than λ/100 is demonstrated.
Association of mild acetabular dysplasia with an increased risk of incident hip osteoarthritis in elderly white women: The study of osteoporotic fractures

Objective To determine if acetabular dysplasia increases the risk of incident hip osteoarthritis (OA) among elderly white women. Methods Baseline and followup anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were obtained a mean of 8 years apart, and read for individual radiographic features (IRFs) of hip OA; summary grades(0–4) were then assigned based on the IRFs present. Acetabular dysplasia was defined by the results of measurements of the acetabular depth (<9 mm) or the center-edge angle (<30 degrees). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between acetabular dysplasia and incident hip OA, and all analyses were adjusted for age, current weight, body mass index, affected side, and investigational site. Results The odds ratios for the association of abnormal center-edge angle and acetabular dysplasia with incident hip OA were 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1–10.1) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.0–7.9), respectively. Conclusion Acetabular dysplasia, defined by a decrease in the center-edge angle, is associated with a modestly increased risk of incident hip OA in elderly white women.
Pharmacokinetics of regional angiotensin-II: a novel biologic response modifier.

Background: The splanchnic vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II (A-II) has been shown to redistribute blood flow to hepatoma during systemic infusions. The hepatoma tumor derives all blood flow from the hepatic artery, whereas the normal liver has a dual blood supply from both the portal vein and the hepatic artery. We hypothesized that the pharmacokinetics of regional intrahepatic arterial A-II infusion could favorably distribute blood flow to the tumor while preserving portal flow to normal liver. Methods: ACI rats had 106 cultured H4IIE cells inoculated into the liver 10–14 days before study. Both systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics were measured by the radio-labeled microsphere technique during intrahepatic arterial or intravenous infusion of angiotensin-II or normal saline. The tumor-to-normal liver hepatic artery blood flow ratio was calculated. Results: Regional A-II produced a proportionately less systemic effect than did intravenous infusion. The tumor vasoconstrictive response to A-II was minimal, and the tumor-to-normal blood flow ratio was greater with intrahepatic arterial or intravenous A-II infusion than with normal saline. Cardiac output and portal vein flow were decreased dramatically during intravenous, but not during intrahepatic, arterial A-II. Conclusions: Intrahepatic arterial A-II exhibits saturation kinetics with a system effect observed only after hepatic receptor saturation. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of intrahepatic arterial versus intravenous A-II indicate that intrahepatic arterial A-II will preferentially redistribute arterial blood flow to the tumor while synchronously preserving portal blood flow to the normal liver.
Mifepristone followed on the same day by vaginal misoprostol for early abortion

We performed a pilot study to examine the clinical efficacy of mifepristone 200 mg followed on the same day by misoprostol 800 microg vaginally in women with pregnancies up to 49 days gestation. Forty women received mifepristone 200 mg after which they self-inserted misoprostol intravaginally 6 to 8 h later at home. Participants returned for an evaluation, including transvaginal ultrasonography, 24 +/- 1 h after using the misoprostol. Participants who had not aborted received a second dose of misoprostol to administer 48 h after the mifepristone. All participants returned approximately 2 weeks after receiving mifepristone. At 24 h after receiving misoprostol, 37/40 (92%, 95% CI 81-98%) had ultrasonographic evidence of complete abortion. By follow-up 2 weeks after the mifepristone, 40/40 (100%, 95% CI 92-100%) women were felt to have complete abortions. One subject subsequently had a suction aspiration for an incomplete abortion on study Day 44. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and warmth/chills occurred in 38%, 13%, 13%, and 60%, respectively. This pilot study suggests that mifepristone 200 mg, followed on the same day by misoprostol 800 microg vaginally, effects abortion at rates comparable to regimens using the standard time interval of 48 h between medications.
Manuel B. Aalbers 2011: Place, Exclusion, and Mortgage Markets. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

A review of the book "Place, Exclusion, and Mortgage Markets," by Manuel B. Aalbers is presented.
Let's Climb an Evidence Pyramid

Hospital librarians seek information in an evidence-based way. After formulating a searchable, answerable foreground question, they seek literature as high as possible on an evidence pyramid of study types or publication types. The 6S pyramid of study types is the one most climbed today: studies (randomized, cohort, case-control) to synopses of studies to syntheses to synopses of syntheses to summaries to systems at the peak. For publication types, the pyramid with systematic reviews at its summit is preferred.
Maintaining high rates of carbon storage in old forests: A mechanism linking canopy structure to forest function

Abstract Recent observations demonstrate that, against expectations, some forests maintain high carbon (C) storage rates for centuries, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that age-related increases in canopy structural complexity improve resource-use efficiency and to evaluate canopy structural influences on forest C storage over successional timescales, we measured the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (fAPAR), foliar Nmass, and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a chronosequence of 39 passively managed stands spanning >160 years of forest development in Northern Lower Michigan, USA. We used ground-based portable canopy LiDAR to quantify canopy structural complexity as rugosity, an integrated metric of 3D heterogeneity in canopy leaf area arrangement. Here, we describe a mechanism capable of maintaining high rates of ANPP over nearly two centuries of forest development. Results support our hypothesis that increasing canopy complexity over the course of forest development mediates greater resource-use efficiency in these forests. Forest stands with more structurally complex canopies had higher light and nitrogen use efficiencies (LUE & NUE) and higher ANPP. LAI was stable across stands older than 50 years, while canopy complexity (rugosity) increased with age through >160 years of stand development. Rugosity had a bigger influence on ANPP across all stands than did LAI, demonstrating the greater long-term influence of leaf area arrangement, rather than quantity within the canopy on forest C storage. We conclude that canopy structural complexity may facilitate greater resource use efficiency (RUE) in aging forests and so increase ANPP compared to structurally simpler canopies in young forests, thus maintaining significant C storage potential in aging forests. We suggest that forest managers should incorporate canopy structural complexity as a robust proxy of stand C storage potential in forests differing widely in age and disturbance history.
Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in children with cystic fibrosis.

Chiral inversion of R(−)- to S(+)-ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis was investigated. Children with cystic fibrosis (n = 38, ages 2–13 years) were administered a single oral dose of racemic ibuprofen (20 mg/kg), and the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen was found to be stereoselective. Mean Cmax, AUC, apparent CL/F, and Varea/F of S-ibuprofen were significantly different from those of R-ibuprofen. The enantiomeric ratio of plasma AUC (S:R = 2.09:1) and of free and conjugated ibuprofen in urine (S:R = 13.9:1) of children with cystic fibrosis was not different from reported values for healthy children and adults. No significant gender difference was observed for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters determined. However, there was an inverse linear relationship between the CL/F of R-ibuprofen and age in children with cystic fibrosis. Apparent CL/F was higher in children with cystic fibrosis than previously reported for healthy children; therefore, higher doses of ibuprofen would be necessary for children with cystic fibrosis.
Growth Hormone Promotes the Association of Transcription Factor STAT5 with the Growth Hormone Receptor

Members of the cytokine/growth hormone (GH)/prolactin receptor superfamily transduce signals by association and activation of JAK tyrosine kinases. For GH receptor (GHR), both JAK2 and the GHR undergo tyrosine phosphorylation upon GH stimulation. Also, GH has recently been shown to activate the transcription factor STAT5 by tyrosine phosphorylation. In the present study, we demonstrate that GH induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of different isoforms of STAT5 in mouse L cells stably transfected with a cDNA encoding porcine GHR (pGHR). In this cell system, STAT5 directly interacts with the GHR in a GH-dependent manner. Additionally, GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 and the interaction of STAT5 with GHR can be observed in mouse 3T3-F442A cells which express endogenous mouse GHR. Interestingly, when cDNAs encoding the two mouse STAT5 homologs (STAT5A and STAT5B) were individually transfected into mouse L cells expressing pGHR, only STAT5A demonstrated the ability to interact with the pGHR and subsequently underwent GH-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. STAT5B did not. Therefore, the GH-dependent interaction of a particular STAT5 with tyrosine-phosphorylated GHR may play an important role in GH-mediated signal transduction.
Cells isolated from the embryonic neural retina differ in behavior in vitro and membrane structure

Several subpopulations of cells were isolated from trypsin-dissociated embryonic (14 days) chick retinas. The cells of each subpopulation differed in associative behavior measured by cell aggregation and stationary culture assays and in glycoproteins that contain glucosamine. Freeze-fracture analysis showed that these populations also differed in intramembrane particle content.
USE OF γ‐IRRADIATION TO PREVENT AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN BREAD

Irradiation doses of 100 and 200 Krad reduced the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus in bread stored for 10 days at 254DEC. With bread stored longer than 2 wk, mold growth in irradiated samples tended to approach the amount which occurred in the non-irradiated controls. Mold strain NRRL 3000 seemed slightly more sensitive to irradiation-than strain NRRL 2999. A 200 Krad dose prevented anatoxin production by either strain at both high and low levels of inoculation with spores in bread stored for 10 days, except in one case where a very low level of anatoxins was detected. At 100 Krad, bread inoculated with 102 spores/ slice contained none to low concentrations of anatoxins after storage for 10 days, but with 106 spores/slice higher amounts of toxins were detected. When ihe inoculated bread was stored for periods up to 6 wk, the 200 Krad treatment prevented aflatoxin production in all bread samples containing 10/sup 2/ spores/ slice, and in almost all samples containing 10/sup 6/ spores/ slice. The 100 Krad treatment also prevented aflatoxin production during 6 wk of storage in bread that contained 10/sup 2/ spores/ slice. However, with 10/sup 6/ spores/ slice both strains were capable of producing very highmore » amounts of aflatoxins after irradiation nt 100 Krad. At 1, 2 and 6 wk of storage, these amounts were greater than the unirradiated controls, suggesting possible stimulation of aflatoxin production. (auth)« less
Facilitating the implementation of adaptive cloud offloading to improve the energy efficiency of mobile applications

Cloud offloading -- leveraging remote cloud-based computing resources to execute energy-intensive functionality -- has become a common optimization technique for mobile applications. However, implementing cloud offloading techniques remains a delicate and complex task, reserved for expert programmers. If cloud computing is to realize its promise as a generally applicable, powerful optimization technique for mobile applications, its implementation barrier must be lowered. As we have discovered, reusable system building blocks exposed via a convenient programming model can facilitate the implementation of complex cloud offloading optimizations. This paper describes a system architecture for implementing adaptive cloud offloading optimizations. In particular, the architecture features parameterizable building blocks for monitoring and estimating energy consumption and performance efficiency as well as state synchronization across address spaces, which the mobile programmer can use a la carte. These blocks streamline the implementation procedure for a wide array of adaptive offloading optimizations. Applying this system architecture to third-party mobile applications has optimized their energy efficiency, depending on the execution environment in place.
Quantifying a Nonnotifiable Disease in the United States: The National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Registry Model

Public health surveillance is an essential tool for assessing, controlling, and preventing disease. In the United States, public health surveillance has evolved from a focus on monitoring infectious diseases to also tracking injuries, chronic diseases, birth defects, environmental and occupational exposures, and risk factors.1 Despite this evolution of surveillance topics, many conditions still are not notifiable to federal public health officials nor are there surveillance systems in place to capture such conditions. The lack of morbidity data for nonnotifiable conditions makes it difficult to access accurately the populations at greatest risk and the true economic and societal burden of such diseases. New approaches are needed to more accurately quantify nonnotifiable conditions of interest in the United States, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
A Laboratory Investigation of Supersonic Clumpy Flows: Experimental Design and Theoretical Analysis

We present a design for high energy density laboratory experiments studying the interaction of hypersonic shocks with a large number of inhomogeneities. These "clumpy" flows are relevant to a wide variety of astrophysical environments, including the evolution of molecular clouds, outflows from young stars, planetary nebulae, and active galactic nuclei. The experiment consists of a strong shock (driven by a pulsed-power machine or a high-intensity laser) impinging on a region of randomly placed plastic rods. We discuss the goals of the specific design and how they are met by specific choices of target components. An adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic code is used to analyze the design and establish a predictive baseline for the experiments. The simulations confirm the effectiveness of the design in terms of articulating the differences between shocks propagating through smooth and clumpy environments. In particular, we find significant differences between the shock propagation speeds in a clumpy medium and those in a smooth one with the same average density. The simulation results are of general interest for foams in both inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics studies. Our results highlight the danger of using average properties of inhomogeneous astrophysical environments when comparing timescales for critical processes, such as shock crossing and gravitational collapse.
The effects of electoral systems on women's representation in post-communist states

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between electoral systems and female representation in four post-communist states that use mixed electoral systems. Mixed electoral systems provide an excellent laboratory to test electoral system effects because voters cast two ballots under very different electoral rules. If the PR and SMD tiers of mixed elections are treated separately, one can study the effect of different electoral systems while holding all other factors constant. I find that unlike consolidated democracies, post-communist states do not experience statistically significant differences in the proportion of women elected to the legislature in the PR and SMD tiers of their mixed systems. In one case, Russia, the relationship runs counter to expectations—women perform better in the SMD tier than in the PR tier. I propose several reasons for these differences.
Branched polyesters: recent advances in synthesis and performance

The synthesis, characterization, physical properties, and applications of branched polyesters are discussed. This review describes recent efforts in the synthesis of statistically and tailored branched systems, and performance advantages compared to linear counterparts. In particular, an emphasis is placed on long-chain branching, where the branches are sufficiently long enough to form entanglements. Step-growth polymerization methodologies that employ various combinations of multi and mono-functional groups to achieve different levels of branching are reviewed in detail. The performance of branched polyesters, including behavior in dilute and semi-dilute solutions, and melt and solid-state properties are discussed. The implications of topological parameters including branch length, number of branches, and branching architecture on rheological performance are also reviewed. Although the majority of this review focuses on the synthesis and rheological behavior of branched polyesters, some discussion is devoted to the influence of branching on solid-state properties, sub-micron fiber formation, and controlled biodegradation for drug-delivery applications. Finally, a perspective of future directions in high performance applications for branched polyesters is provided.
PERIOPERATIVE ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY

"Is my baby OK?" is a question repeated by pregnant trauma patients. In the United States, trauma is the leading cause of death for people under age 45, including women of childbearing age. In past years, postpartum hemorrhage and infection were the greatest risk to mothers and fetuses, accounting for 38% of 12,182 maternal deaths in 1936 (United States). 7 By 1978 to 1979, term pregnancy deaths had dropped to 2067, with the numbers associated with infection accounting for only 9%. 8 Although absolute numbers have not increased, maternal deaths from trauma, embolism, cerebrovascular accident, and anesthesia now predominate. 8 Approximately 5% to 10% of all pregnant women experience some type of trauma, and trauma is the primary nonobstetric cause of maternal death. Today's pregnant patients are more likely to be employed outside of the home, spend more hours in motor vehicles, and be more physically active, all of which increase their risk for trauma. Even women who are not employed outside of the home are at risk: Violent assault directed at the gravid abdomen was recently reported to occur in 1 in 12 pregnant women from an inner city population. 17
Choice of resident costimulatory molecule can influence cell fate in human naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation

With antigen stimulation, naive CD4+ T cells differentiate to several effector or memory cell populations, and cytokines contribute to differentiation outcome. Several proteins on these cells receive costimulatory signals, but a systematic comparison of their differential effects on naive T cell differentiation has not been conducted. Two costimulatory proteins, CD28 and ICAM-1, resident on human naive CD4+ T cells were compared for participation in differentiation. Under controlled conditions, and with no added cytokines, costimulation through either CD3+CD28 or CD3+CAM-1 induced differentiation to T effector and T memory cells. In contrast, costimulation through CD3+ICAM-1 induced differentiation to Treg cells whereas costimulation through CD3+CD28 did not.
The raised midpoint potential of the [2Fe2S] cluster of cytochrome bc1 is mediated by both the Qo site occupants and the head domain position of the Fe-S protein subunit.

We have previously reported that mutant strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus that have alanine insertions (+nAla mutants) in the hinge region of the iron sulfur (Fe−S) containing subunit of the bc1 complex have increased redox midpoint potentials (Em) for their [2Fe2S] clusters. The alteration of the Em in these strains, which contain mutations far from the metal binding site, implied that the local environment of the metal center is indirectly altered by a change in the interaction of this subunit with the hydroquinone oxidizing (Qo) site [Darrouzet, E., Valkova-Valchanova, M., and Daldal, F. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 3464−3470]. Subsequently, the Em changes have been proposed to be predominantly due to a stronger or more stabilized hydrogen bonding between the reduced [2Fe2S] cluster and the Qo site inhabitant ubiquinone (Q) [Shinkarev, V. P., Kolling, D. R. J., Miller, T. J., and Crofts, A. R. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 14372−14382]. To further investigate this issue, Fe−S protein-Q interactions were monito...
Attribution, gender orientation, and adaptability: Reconceptualization, measurement, and research results

Within the framework of attribution theory, this study reconceptualized gender orientation and androgyny. The relationships among gender measurement, androgyny, and adaptability were examined with improved measurement procedures. Socially desirable response tendencies were found for self‐attribution of femininity and androgyny but not for adaptability, nor for gender attributions or androgyny of others. A new scoring procedure producing a single continuous androgyny variable was also developed and tested. Meaningful relationships between this androgyny measure, gender orientation, and adaptability were observed. The central hypothesis tested the relationship between perceptions of stable, dispositional factors and behavioral attributions. Findings were consistent with the predictions provided by attribution theory.
No longer wearing: investigating the abandonment of personal health-tracking technologies on craigslist

Personal health-tracking technologies have become a part of mainstream culture. Their growing popularity and widespread adoption present an opportunity for the design of new interventions to improve wellness and health. However, there is an increasing concern that these technologies are failing to inspire long-term adoption. In order to understand why users abandon personal health-tracking technologies, we analyzed advertisements of secondary sales of such technologies on Craigslist. We conducted iterative inductive and deductive analyses of approximately 1600 advertisements of personal health-tracking technologies posted over the course of one month across the US. We identify health motivations and rationales for abandonment and present a set of design implications. We call for improved theories that help translate between existing theories designed to explain psychological effects of health behavior change and the technologies that help people make those changes.
Immunochemical characterization of fibrinogen induction in rat liver.

Abstract The synthesis of fibrinogen in rat hepatocytes can be induced two to three times its normal level following an injection of turpentine. Detection of the increased synthesis of this protein was accomplished by quantitative immunoprecipitation analysis. The time sequence for maximal intracellular synthesis occurs more rapidly than the concomitant rise in plasma fibrinogen, implying that the secretion of fibrinogen is somewhat slower than was anticipated. Binding studies with 125 I-labeled anti-fibrinogen to the nascent chains on the ribosomes showed no detectable changes in the radioactivity distribution before or after stimulation as analyzed by zone sedimentation. It was estimated that only 4.4% of the total polysomes were involved in fibrinogen synthesis prior to induction and this was increased to 15% following turpentine stimulation. The results suggests that the rise in fibrinogen synthesis during the acute-phase response was related to an increase in functional messenger RNA transcripts rather than in an increase in the rate of protein synthesis.
Locus of control and reading attitude

The relationships between three measures of locus of control and eight dimensions of reading attitude were investigated for a sample of 431 inner-city children. The sample included the intermediate grade children enrolled in the 20 regular classrooms of the three elementary schools from the Columbus, Ohio, Public Schools. Correlation coefficients were computed between locus of control scores and the eight dimensions of reading attitude. Reading Anxiety showed a significant relationship with the I- score. This finding suggests that inner-city children who are willing to accept personal responsibility for negative events in their lives also tend to experience more anxiety about their reading. The other seven dimensions of reading attitude were not significantly related to internality scores.
Comparison of peak oxygen uptake in arm cranking.

Twenty male subjects, age (± SD) 31.1±5.6 years and weight 74.3±12.7 kg participated in this study to compare the\(\dot V\)O2 peak values in arm cranking obtained using continuous (C) and discontinuous (D) protocols. Each subject performed a continuous (C) and discontinuous (D) protocol in random order on two separate days. Cranking was performed at 60 rev·min−1 with tests terminated when this fell below 50. Peak values for oxygen uptake ventilation and heart rate were determined during each test. The C protocol involved increasing power output each minute, while in the D protocol 2 min work bouts were separated by 1 min rest intervals. No significant differences (p>0.05) between the C and D protocols were shown on any measured variable. It was concluded that the use of C or D protocols for determining\(\dot V\)O2 peak in arm cranking provide comparable results with the C protocol being advantageous in terms of administration time.
Debridement of acetabular labral tears with associated thermal capsulorrhaphy

Abstract Hip arthroscopy is being performed more frequently among orthopaedic surgeons. Acetabular labral tear is agood indication for this procedure. Debridement with flexible tools provides precise resection in focal thermal capsulorrhaphy and enhances stability after resection. This technique is safe and reproducible.
Rapid one-step purification of native dimeric ALS-associated human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from transgenic rat tissues.

AbstractMutated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was the first proven cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and was the basis for the first animal model. Many approaches, including transgenic and knock-out animals, cell models, and in vitro studies using recombinant hSOD1 mutants and wild-type, have been employed in an attempt to elucidate the gained toxic function. However, a thorough characterization of the properties of hSOD1 mutants produced in vivo has yet to be carried out, primarily due to the lack of a procedure capable of purifying the enzyme from relevant tissues in a manner that avoids potential artifacts. Here we report a new, one-step purification procedure using a semi-preparative polymeric reversed-phase HPLC system, which yields greater than 99% pure enzyme from the spinal cord, and >95% pure from brain, heart, and kidney. This novel approach for purifying ‘in vivo expressed’ native dimeric SOD1 will facilitate the determination of the true ‘as isolated’ properties of the enzyme th...
Endocrine sensitivity to novelty in squirrel monkeys and titi monkeys: Species differences in characteristic modes of responding to the environment

The present study examined plasma cortisol and behavioral responses to environmental novelty in squirrel monkey and titi monkey male-female pairs. Overall, seemingly trivial increments in novelty evoked sustained plasma cortisol elevations. In individually tested animals, the minimal level of novelty sufficient to evoke a cortisol response was smaller, and the ability of the response to discriminate among levels of novelty was greater, in titis than in squirrel monkeys. When tested with the pairmate, the sensitivity of the response was reduced in titis but not in squirrel monkeys. Behavioral measures were not as sensitive to novelty as was the cortisol response. The results suggest that differential endocrine responsiveness to novelty is an important physiological concomitant to previously described differences between squirrel monkeys and titi monkeys in their characteristic modes of relating to the environment.
Dynamic range improvement using a novel phase-modulated analog optical link

We propose and analyze a new analog optical link which we refer to as the heterodyne interferometric phase modulated (HIPM) link. The HIPM link phase modulation uses a novel three leg external modulator, has high linearity and suppresses laser relative intensity noise. The link increases the spurious-free dynamic range by 21 dB as compared to a conventional externally modulated AM link for 10 mW of received optical power, relative intensity noise of -130 dB/Hz, and a 15 GHz intermediate frequency.
Adult learning in good times and bad

This study sought to examine when adults are most likely to learn from life experience, and what the nature of that learning might be. Using a qualitative research design, a life event framework was chosen to operationalize life experience. Participants were asked to recall major life events and significant learning events over a 20 year period. Life and learning event data were collected from 405 adults; in addition, nineteen interviews were conducted to probe more deeply about the rhythm and nature of learning from life experience. Two major findings emerged. First, more learning occurs when things are going well in our lives, and second, the learning that occurs during difficult times seems to be of a somewhat different character from learning in good times. Difficult times appear to generate major, transformative learning experiences.
A preliminary archaeological survey of Camp Wellman at Virgohamn, Danskøya, Svalbard

Between 1894 and 1909, Walter Wellman (1858–1934), a Chicago-based journalist and explorer, organized and led five expeditions to reach the North Pole. Wellman launched his most ambitious undertaking in 1906, constructing an extensive base camp complete with an airship hangar on the shoreline of Virgohamn, a small harbor on Danskoya in the Svalbard archipelago. In 1907 and 1909, Wellman's two flights in the dirigible airship America marked the first time a motorized airship had flown in the Arctic. In the summer of 1993, the author surveyed and mapped the extent of the remains of Wellman's camp to discover and document any surviving wreckage of America , and to observe the impact of tourist traffic on the site. This paper describes the 1993 survey of Wellman's base camp at Virgohamn and offers suggestions for its preservation.
Desorption product yields following Cl2 adsorption on Si(111)7 × 7: Coverage and temperature dependence

Abstract Desorption product yields obtained following adsorption of Cl2 on Si(111)7 × 7 were studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) techniques. At low chloride coverages of Θ Θ s 0.6, a small SiCl4 TPD signal was also monitored at 950 K along with an additional SiCl2 TPD feature at 690 K. LITD experiments detected SiCl2 as the only desorption product in the LITD yield at low chloride coverages of Θ Θ s Θ Θ s > 0.6. In t LITD studies, the SiCl2 LITD signals persisted until 950 K, whereas the SiCl3 LITD signals were only observed up to 700 K. The magnitude of the SiCl3 LITD signal following saturation chlorine exposures also decreased as a function of adsorption temperature. The SiCl2 desorption products were assigned to the recombinative desorption of SiCl + Cl → SiCl2. The SiCl3 LITD signals were attributed to either the direct desorption of SiCl3 surface species or the recombinative desorption of SiCl2 + Cl → SiCl3. Based on photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy investigations, the SiCl2 and SiCl3 desorption yields were correlated with the existence of mono-, di- and trichloride species on the Si(111)7 × 7 surface. Many similarities were also observed between the chlorides and hydrides on the Si(111)7 × 7 surface.
Regulation and standards for psychoanalysis: The place of the Other in psychoanalysis and its teaching

In numerous Western countries, psychotherapies have come under increasing governmental regulation. A more recent development is the increasing scrutiny given to psychoanalysis in the United Kingdom, in France, and in the United States. This paper examines a particular document that was created by four professional psychoanalytic organizations that are based in the United States. The document called Standards of Psychoanalytic Education aims to develop criteria that would guide accreditation and the organization of psychoanalytic institutes. The document is part of a set of concerns and actions related to the state regulation of psychoanalytic practice, its professional status, and the protection of those who seek its services. The essay examines the putative theoretical neutrality of this document by unfolding its tenets in terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis, a school of psychoanalysis that would take exception to many of the ideas suggested in the document's template for psychoanalytic education. The paper...
Putting the clamps on membrane fusion: How complexin sets the stage for calcium‐mediated exocytosis

Three recent papers have addressed a long-standing question in exocytosis: how does a sudden calcium influx trigger a coordinated synchronous release in regulated exocytosis [Giraudo, C.G., Eng, W.S., Melia, T.J. and Rothman, J.E. (2006) A clamping mechanism involved in SNARE-dependent exocytosis. Science 313, 676-680; Schaub, J.R., Lu, X., Doneske, B., Shin, Y.K. and McNew, J.A. (2006) Hemifusion arrest by complexin is relieved by Ca(2+)-synaptotagmin I. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13, 748-750; Tang, J., Maximov, A., Shin, O.H., Dai, H., Rizo, J. and Sudhof, T.C. (2006) A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Cell 126, 1175-1187]? Using diverse approaches that include cell-free reconstitution of the membrane fusion machinery and in vivo manipulation of fusogenic proteins, these groups have established that the complexin proteins are fusion clamps. By arresting vesicle secretion just prior to fusion, complexin primes select vesicles for a fast, synchronous response to calcium.
Quantitative Vibrometry and Electrophysiological Assessment in Screening for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Industrial Workers: A Comparison

Abstract Vibrometry has been demonstrated to be an effective adjunct to electrophysiological evaluation of nerve integrity in diffuse peripheral neuropathies but there is controversy over its value in the diagnosis of isolated compression neuropathy such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). One hundred thirty factory workers were screened for peripheral nerve impairment using both vibrometry and electrophysiologic testing of digits 2 and 5 in both hands. Vibrometry had a low sensitivity in identifying individuals with symptoms of CTS or a median mononeuropathy defined by nerve conduction studies (NCS). The correlation of vibratory and the sensory evoked latencies were modest in the median nerve distribution (r = 0.297 to 0.370, p = 0.001). Using a comparison between vibration thresholds from digit 2 to 5 was not helpful in identifying cases of CTS and the difference in thresholds did not correlate with the difference in sensory evoked latencies. CTS is primarily a demyelinating process and can be easily detected with NCS. Because vibration threshold sensation is related to axonal loss it is not as sensitive in early CTS. Our results do not support the use of quantitative vibrometry as a screening tool median nerve impairment among industrial workers.
Effect of Age at Treatment on Cognitive Performance in Patients with Cystinosis

Objective To determine whether early treatment with cysteamine affects cognitive functioning in patients with nephropathic cystinosis. Study design Forty-six subjects aged 3-18 years with cystinosis underwent cognitive testing to determine intelligence, visual-spatial abilities, and visual-motor skills. An age-matched control group (n = 85; age 2-22 years) underwent the same tests. Age at diagnosis and age at initiation of treatment with cysteamine were recorded at the time of testing. Results Patients with cystinosis treated at or after age 2 years (late-treatment group) scored significantly lower on verbal, performance, and full-scale IQ measures, as well as on a test of visual-spatial skills, compared with patients treated before age 2 years (early-treatment group) and controls. Both groups of subjects with cystinosis demonstrated impaired visual-motor skills compared with controls, with no difference between the early-treatment and late-treatment groups. Conclusion Early treatment with cysteamine appears to improve intellectual function in patients with nephropathic cystinosis. However, the lack of improvement in visual-motor function with early cysteamine treatment suggests possibly different mechanisms underlying visual-motor performance compared with other areas of cognition in this disorder.
Enzymatic modification of canola/palm oil mixtures: Effects on the fluidity of the mixture

The bioreactor system to interesterify edible oils and fats at an ultra-micro aqueous phase of 100 ppm and less was investigated. The adsorption of lecithin, together with lipase onto a carrier, was effective for conducting the interesterifying reaction efficiently for oils and fats in micro aqueous phase.
A review of in-vivo optical properties of human tissues and its impact on PDT

A thorough understanding of optical properties of biological tissues is critical to effective treatment planning for therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the last two decades, new technologies, such as broadband diffuse spectroscopy, have been developed to obtain in vivo data in humans that was not possible before. We found that the in vivo optical properties generally vary in the ranges μ(a) = 0.03-1.6 cm⁻¹ and μ'(s) = 1.2-40 cm⁻¹, although the actual range is tissue-type dependent. We have also examined the overall trend of the absorption spectra (for μ(a) and μ'(s)) as a function of wavelength within a 95% confidence interval for various tissues in vivo. The impact of optical properties on light fluence rate is also discussed for various light application geometries including superficial, interstitial, and within a cavity.