cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Mouse Hemostasis Model for Real-Time Determination of Bleeding Time and Hemostatic Plug Composition

Introduction: Hemostasis is a rapid response by the body to stop bleeding at sites of vessel injury. Both platelets and fibrin are important for the formation of a hemostatic plug. Mice have been used to uncover the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activation of platelets and coagulation under physiological conditions. However, measuring hemostasis in mice is quite variable and current methods do not quantify platelet adhesion or fibrin formation at the site of injury. Methods: We describe a novel hemostasis model that uses intravital fluorescence microscopy to quantify platelet adhesion, fibrin formation, and time to hemostatic plug formation in real-time. Repeated vessel injuries of ~50-100µm in diameter were induced using laser ablation technology in the saphenous vein of mice. Results: Hemostasis in this model was strongly impaired in mice deficient in glycoprotein (GP)Ibα (IL4R/GPIb-tg) or talin-1 (talin1f/f PF4-Cre), important regulators of platelet adhesiveness. In contrast, the time to hemostatic plug formation was only minimally affected in mice defective in the extrinsic (tissue factor (TF)low) or the intrinsic (FIX-/-) coagulation pathways, even though platelet adhesion was significantly reduced. Interestingly, fibrin accumulation was markedly increased in lesions of talin1f/f PF4-Cre, IL4R/GPIb-tg and FIX-/- mice, while it was decreased in TFlow mice. These findings suggest that prolonged plasma exposure to TF leads to increased thrombin and fibrin generation in the surrounding tissue. A partial reduction of platelet adhesiveness using clopidogrel led to instability within the hemostatic plug, especially when combined with impaired coagulation in TFlow mice. Conclusions: In summary, we present a novel, highly sensitive method to quantify hemostatic plug formation in mice. This new model has several defining characteristics, including the use of intravital fluorescence microscopy to monitor the hemostatic process, the novel use of laser ablation technology to generate vascular lesions with a defined diameter, the ability to repeatedly disrupt the hemostatic process at the same site of injury, and the possibility to perform multiple injuries along the exposed saphenous vein. Based on its sensitivity towards platelet adhesion defects and its real-time imaging capability, we propose this model as an ideal tool to study the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Gamma Function Derivation of n-Sphere Volumes

(1982). Gamma Function Derivation of n-Sphere Volumes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 89, No. 5, pp. 301-302.
Suppressing weed growth after wheat harvest with underseeded red clover in organic farming

Organic producers are seeking alternative tactics for weed control so that they can reduce their need for tillage. In this study, we examined cover crop strategies for suppressing weed growth after harvest of wheat. Three cover crop treatments, red clover (mammoth type), a mixture of oat and dry pea, and a control were compared. Treatments were established in both winter and spring wheat, resulting in six treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design. Red clover was underseeded in wheat by drilling in the spring, and the oat/pea mixture was planted in August. Oat was planted uniformly across all treatments in the following growing season. The red clover treatment effectively suppressed weeds, reducing post-harvest weed biomass, density of volunteer winter wheat, and seed production of downy brome by more than 99% compared with the control. Oat/pea was not effective for weed management, likely because of less fall growth and competition compared with red clover. Underseeding red clover did not affect winter wheat yield, but reduced spring wheat yield by 17%. Oat yield, however, was reduced by volunteer crop plants and downy brome infestations in all treatments. Underseeding clovers in winter wheat may effectively manage weeds and, if they winterkill, can replace the need for tillage to control weeds after wheat harvest.
Ferric ions accumulate in the walls of metabolically inactivating Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and are reductively mobilized during reactivation.

Mossbauer and EPR spectra of fermenting yeast cells before and after cell wall (CW) digestion revealed that CWs accumulated iron as cells transitioned from exponential to post-exponential growth. Most CW iron was mononuclear nonheme high-spin (NHHS) FeIII, some was diamagnetic and some was superparamagnetic. A significant portion of CW Fe was removable by EDTA. Simulations using an ordinary-differential-equations-based model suggested that cells accumulate Fe as they become metabolically inactive. When dormant Fe-loaded cells were metabolically reactivated in Fe-deficient bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS)-treated medium, they grew using Fe that had been mobilized from their CWs AND using trace amounts of Fe in the Fe-deficient medium. When grown in Fe-deficient medium, Fe-starved cells contained the lowest cellular Fe concentrations reported for a eukaryotic cell. During metabolic reactivation of Fe-loaded dormant cells, FeIII ions in the CWs of these cells were mobilized by reduction to FeII, followed by release from the CW and reimport into the cell. BPS short-circuited this process by chelating mobilized and released FeII ions before reimport; the resulting FeII(BPS)3 complex adsorbed on the cell surface. NHHS FeII ions appeared transiently during mobilization, suggesting that these ions were intermediates in this process. In the presence of chelators and at high pH, metabolically inactive cells leached CW Fe; this phenomenon probably differs from metabolic mobilization. The iron regulon, as reported by Fet3p levels, was not expressed during post-exponential conditions; Fet3p was maximally expressed in exponentially growing cells. Decreased expression of the iron regulon and metabolic decline combine to promote CW Fe accumulation.
Osteomyelitis of the Distal Fibula Associated with Lateral Ankle Decubitus Ulceration

Osteomyelitis of the distal fibula is typically associated with contiguous spread of infection from adjacent decubitus ulceration overlying the lateral ankle. Less common causes include complications of venous leg ulceration, direct inoculation from open fractures, and hematogenous infection. Decubitus ulceration over the prominent distal fibula is primarily associated with prolonged bed rest. The “at-risk” population includes hospitalized or nursing home patients who primarily lay in the lateral decubitus position due to knee and hip contracture that makes supine positioning difficult. Ankle-foot orthotic bracing for equinovarus deformity associated with neuromuscular contracture also predisposes to lateral ankle tissue breakdown. Lateral malleolar ulcers are susceptible to secondary osteomyelitis due to relatively thin overlying soft tissues. Treatment of distal fibular osteomyelitis is dependent on the extent of soft tissue and bone infection, the size of the overlying soft tissue defect, viability of the surrounding soft tissues, associated deformities, and ambulatory status of the patient. Our primary surgical approach includes wound excision, lateral cortical debridement of the distal fibula, and local flap closure or negative-pressure wound therapy. This conservative surgical technique is best performed in the early stages of osteomyelitis before the bone or local tissue becomes necrotic. The goal is to remove the infected lateral cortical bone which is typically the main nidus of infection, obtain specimen for bone biopsy, and preserve the function of the lateral malleolus. Wide exposure of the underlying cancellous bone of the distal fibula typically provides a viable, bleeding wound bed which promotes flap adherence or secondary wound healing. Concomitant antibiotic therapy is typically needed with this conservative surgical approach. Wide resection of the distal fibula is reserved for more extensive infection, especially in nonambulatory patients. Case examples are presented to highlight our patient selection criteria, surgical technique pearls, staging considerations, flap closure options, and postoperative care protocol.
Lipid components of sialosylgalactosylceramide of human brain

A ganglioside, previously designated HG-B in our laboratory, was isolated from mixed human brain ganglioside preparations and shown to contain equimolar quantities of sialic acid, galactose, and sphingosine. Treatment of this material with neuraminidase yielded a galactosylceramide. The ganglioside, now referred to as sialosylgalactosylceramide, thus appears to be identical with G(gal) reported by Kuhn and Wiegandt. The fatty acids and long-chain bases of this material were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Approximately equal amounts of normal and hydroxy acids were found. Oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were the only normal fatty acids present. In the hydroxy series, the C(24) and C(23) saturated acids were the major components. The ratio of C(20) to C(18) long-chain base was approximately 5:3. These data suggest that sialosylgalactosylceramide has no direct metabolic relationship with either the major brain gangliosides or adult brain cerebroside.
Microscopically Controlled Surgery in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Penis

Complete removal of carcinoma of the penis can be achieved by excision of the neoplasm layer by layer and microscopic examination of the entire undersurface of each layer by the systematic use of frozen sections. Microscopic guidance provides substantial assurance of eradication of the primary cancer, and permits preservation of maximal amounts of normal tissue and normal functions. In a series of 29 consecutive cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis the 5-year cure rate among the 25 determinate cases was 68 per cent. The fact that in this series only 1 patient had cancer limited to the prepuce is evidence that circumcision usually is successful for neoplasms so limited. The primary carcinoma was eradicated in 23 of the 25 lesions (92 per cent).
Principles of model building: an experimentation-aided approach to development of models for signaling networks.

Abstract Living cells continuously probe their environment and respond to a multitude of external cues. The information about the environment is carried by signaling cascades that act as “internal transducing and computing modules,” coupled into complex and interconnected networks. A comprehensive understanding of how cells make decisions therefore necessitates a sound theoretical framework, which can be achieved through mathematical modeling of the signaling networks. In this chapter, we conceptually describe the typical workflow involved in building mathematical models that are motivated by and are developed in a tight integration with experimental analysis. In particular, we delineate the steps involved in a generic, iterative experimentation-driven model-building process, both through informal discussion and using a recently published study as an example. Experiments guide the initial development of mathematical models, including choice of appropriate template model and parameter revision. The model can then be used to generate and test hypotheses quickly and inexpensively, aiding in judicious design of future experiments. These experiments, in turn, are used to update the model. The model developed at the end of this exercise not only predicts functional behavior of the system under study but also provides insight into the biophysical underpinnings of signaling networks.
National weighting of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a network of health-related telephone surveys--conducted by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and participating US territories—that receive technical assistance from CDC. Data users often aggregate BRFSS state samples for national estimates without accounting for state-level sampling, a practice that could introduce bias because the weighted distributions of the state samples do not always adhere to national demographic distributions. This article examines six methods of reweighting, which are then compared with key health indicator estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) based on 2013 data. Compared to the usual stacking approach, all of the six new methods reduce the variance of weights and design effect at the national level, and some also reduce the estimated bias. This article also provides a comparison of the methods based on the variances induced by unequal weighting as well as the bias reduction induced by raking at the national level, and recommends a preferred method. The new method leads to weighted distributions that more accurately reproduce national demographic characteristics. While the empirical results for key estimates were limited to a few health indicators, they also suggest reduction in potential bias and mean squared error. To the extent that survey outcomes are associated with these demographic characteristics, matching the national distributions will reduce bias in estimates of these outcomes at the national level.
A CMOS Current Steering Neurostimulation Array With Integrated DAC Calibration and Charge Balancing

An 8-channel current steerable, multi-phasic neural stimulator with on-chip current DAC calibration and residue nulling for precise charge balancing is presented. Each channel consists of two sub-binary radix DACs followed by wide-swing, high output impedance current buffers providing time-multiplexed source and sink outputs for anodic and cathodic stimulation. A single integrator is shared among channels and serves to calibrate DAC coefficients and to closely match the anodic and cathodic stimulation phases. Following calibration, the differential non-linearity is within $ \pm 0.3$ LSB at 8-bit resolution, and the two stimulation phases are matched within 0.3%. Individual control in digital programming of stimulation coefficients across the array allows altering the spatial profile of current stimulation for selection of stimulation targets by current steering. Combined with the self-calibration and current matching functions, the current steering capabilities integrated on-chip support use in fully implanted neural interfaces with autonomous operation for and adaptive stimulation under variations in electrode and tissue conditions. As a proof-of-concept we applied current steering stimulation through a multi-channel cuff electrode on the sciatic nerve of a rat.
A short-term longitudinal study of stability and change in achievement goal profiles

Abstract Using a person-oriented approach, this study examined the stability of undergraduates' ( n = 121) achievement goal profiles and their association with changes in academic achievement over a semester. Across three time points, we identified three profiles with similarly high levels of mastery: very-low , low , and moderate performance . Overall, 46–81% of individuals remained in the same profile between time points. Individuals were more likely to shift profiles at the beginning of the semester and less likely to shift from the moderate profile to the others. All three profiles were associated with declines in achievement, although the moderate and low profiles were associated with different patterns of change from one exam to the next. Findings suggest that achievement goal profiles display substantial, but not absolute, short-term stability. For academic achievement, findings also suggest there are neither benefits nor drawbacks to endorsing performance goals when also endorsing high levels of mastery goals.
Peer Victimization and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Depressed Adolescents.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth worldwide, and depressed adolescents are at a significantly elevated risk to report suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Peer victimization is a robust predictor of adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), but little research has focused on why bullying leads to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. To address this empirical gap, we recruited 340 (246 female) depressed adolescents ages 13–19 (M = 15.59, SD = 1.41) within 48 h of admission for acute psychiatric treatment. At the initial assessment, participants were administered clinical interviews characterizing psychopathology, nonsuicidal self-injury, and STBs (ideation, plans, and attempts). Further, they completed questionnaires assessing 3 forms of victimization (overt, relational, and reputational), recent risky behavior engagement, and psychiatric symptom severity. Controlling for internalizing symptoms and age, overt and reputational bullying were associated with more frequent past month suicide attempts, but not suicide ideation. Past month risky behavior engagement, but not NSSI, mediated the relation between victimization and attempts. However, sex differences revealed that this effect only held for males whereas bullying was directly associated with suicide attempts among females. In contrast, overt and relational bullying were non-linearly associated with suicide plans, and these relations were not mediated by risky behaviors or NSSI. Results highlight the complex network of factors that lead victimized adolescents to engage in STBs and may inform targeted suicide prevention and intervention programs.
O(N) Recursive Algorithm for the Operational Space Inertia Matrix of a Robot Manipulator

Abstract The operational space inertia matrix reflects the dynamic properties of a robot manipulator to its tip. It mav be used to decouple force and/or motion control about the manipulator workspace axes, and it also plays an important role in the development of efficient algorithms for the dynamic simulation of closed-chain robotic mechanisms. The traditional approach for computing this matrix has a computational complexity of O(N3) for an N degree-of-freedom manipulator. This paper presents the development of a new recursive algorithm for the operational space inertia matrix which reduces the computational complexity to O(N) for any manipulator. The Hew algorithm is based on a single recursion which begins at the base of the manipulator and progresses out to the last link, and it is the most efficient method known for N ≥ 6. The numerical accuracy of the new algorithm is tested for a PUMA 560 robot with a fixed base.
Fate of water and nitrate using drainage water management on tile systems in east-central Illinois

Abstract Drainage water management (DWM) is a potential edge-of-field technique that is being studied as a method to improve soil water management in agricultural fields, which may reduce nitrate losses to surface waters during the non-growing season. Inline water level control structures were installed on two adjacent tile systems draining a 34 ha field located in the Upper Salt Fork of the Vermillion River Watershed in central Illinois to evaluate DWM from 2011 through 2013. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of DWM in reducing nitrate losses from fields in a corn and soybean production system in east-central Illinois, as well as to investigate the fate of the retained water. A paired watershed approach was used to determine the impact of DWM on tile flow and nitrate load compared to a control treatment or free drainage (FD) tile system. The entire 34 ha field was under a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation with continuous no-till. During 2011 and 2012, DWM was able to greatly reduce tile flow compared to the FD tile system. However, based on runoff and nitrate yields from the entire field, there was no measureable reduction in nitrate loss and shallow ground-water wells showed little area of influence in the field (∼2 ha). Water from the DWM tile system flowed laterally to the nearby FD tile system, increasing flow and nitrate loss from the FD system. In 2013, when both tiles were under DWM, water was retained and the water table level was increased in a larger area of the field (∼6 ha). However, at the end of the experiment when the control stoplogs were lowered the retained water was discharged through the tiles lines with little apparent reduction (10%) in overall water and nitrate loss for the year. Measurements of tile and well nitrate concentrations suggested that nitrate was not denitrified in the shallow groundwater of the field during the three-year study. Nitrate losses were directly proportional to tile flow each year of the study. Retrofitting DWM on an existing tile system was found to have a limited water quality benefit.
Assessment of Meat and Poultry Product Recalls Due to Salmonella Contamination: Product Recovery and Illness Prevention

Data from the recalls of meat and poultry products from 2000 through 2012 due to Salmonella contamination were used to assess the factors associated with the recovery of the recalled product and to develop quantitative models to estimate the number of illnesses prevented by recalls. The percentage of product recovered following a recall action was not dependent on establishment size, recall expansions, complexity of the distribution chain, type of distribution, amount of time between the production and recall dates, or number of pounds of product recalled. However, illness-related recalls were associated with larger amounts of recalled product, smaller percentages of recalled product recovered, a greater number of days between the production date and recall date, and nationwide distribution than were recalls that were not illness related. In addition, the detection of recall-associated illnesses appeared to be enhanced in states with strong foodborne illness investigation systems. The number of Salmonella illnesses prevented by recalls was based on the number of illnesses occurring relative to the number of pounds consumed, which was then extrapolated to the number of pounds of recalled product recovered. A simulation using a program evaluation and review technique probability distribution with illness-related recalls from 2003 through 2012 estimated that there were 19,000 prevented Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Recalls not associated with illnesses from 2000 through 2012 prevented an estimated additional 8,300 Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Although further improvements to ensure accurate and complete reporting should be undertaken, our study demonstrates that recalls are an important tool for preventing additional Salmonella illnesses. Moreover, additional training resources dedicated to public health agencies for enhancing foodborne illness detection, investigations, and rapid response and reporting would further prevent illnesses.
The internet needs a competitive, royalty-free video codec

In this paper, we present the argument in favor of an open source, a royalty-free video codec that will keep pace with the evolution of video traffic. Additionally, we argue that the availability of a state-of-the-art, royalty-free codec levels the playing field, allowing small content owners, and application developers to compete with the larger companies that operate in this space.
Characteristics of African American women at high-risk for ovarian cancer in the southeast: Results from a Gynecologic Cancer Risk Assessment Clinic.

Abstract Objectives Describe patient characteristics in African American (AA) women seen for gynecologic cancer related genetic counseling at a large southeastern comprehensive cancer center. Methods We reviewed an IRB approved, prospective observational cohort of patients from a Gynecologic Cancer Risk Assessment Clinic. Data evaluated included personal cancer history, family history, frequency of genetic testing, frequency/type of genetic mutations, and frequency of surgical intervention. Standard statistical statistics were utilized. Results 1227 patients were evaluated from 2003 to 2015, of which 95 (7.7%) were AA. Sixteen patients had a personal history of ovarian cancer. 21 women (22%) underwent genetic counseling only; subsequent genetic testing was not recommended based on absence of risk factors. Of the seventy-four AA patients in whom genetic testing was recommended, sixty-six (69.5%) completed testing. Of women tested, 37 (56%) had abnormal results. Eight and 14 patients had pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 , respectively. Two were found to have pathogenic PALB2 variants; one had a pathogenic ATM variant and one constitutional MLH1 epimutation case was identified. Eleven had BRCA variants of uncertain significance. Of the patients with abnormal testing, six of 22 women with pathogenic BRCA variants underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that in a region where AAs represent 27% of the population, the proportion of AA patients referred to a Gynecologic Cancer Risk Assessment Clinic remains low. Pathogenic variant and variant of uncertain significance rates were high in patients tested, likely representing a selection bias of high-risk patients. Endeavors should continue to identify minorities at risk for ovarian cancer and institute measures to provide thorough genetic counseling and testing.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL OF TAI-TPS TYPE BY SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING TO CLASS VIII OF SMPN 13 MAKASSAR

The research aims to discover the effevtiveness of the implementation of cooperatife learning model type TAI-TPS with Scientific approach in Mathematics learning to class VIII students at SMPN 13 Makassar. The research was pre-experimental research which emplyoed One-Group Pretest Posttest Design. The research involved one experiment class, namely class VIII.2 which consisted of 36 students who were chosen by using Random Sampling technique. The chosen class was given the treatment, namely cooperative learning models type TAI-TPS with Scientific approach in Mathematics learning. The data were collected by using by using learning result test, observation sheet, and questionnaire sheet. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis as well as effectiviness analysis.The results of the research that Mathematics learning results of class after the implementation of cooperative learning models type TAI-TPS with Scientific approach 83,00 and deviation standar 6,14. The students activities in mathematics learning are in active category and than the students responses on cooperative learning type TAI-TPS in positive category. Based on teh effectiveness in significan α=0,05 with T-test showing that implementation of cooperative learning type TAI-TPS model with Scientifik approach effective in mathematic learning at VIII.2 SMPN 13 Makassar
Abdominal Vascular MRA

Following the development of breath-hold, contrast-enhanced techniques, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become an important tool for the evaluation of patients with abdominal vascular pathology. Specifically, the lack of ionizing radiation, lack of nephrotoxic contrast media and the non-invasive nature of MRA make it a useful modality for abdominal vascular pathology. The objective of this work is to describe the acquisition techniques, relevant anatomy, and pathologic conditions for accurate application of MRA in the abdomen.
Dynamic light scattering and viscoelasticity in polymer solutions

The dynamic light-scattering spectrum from a polymer solution is shown to be related to the cooperative diffusion and longitudinal stress relaxation modes. Experimental results are presented to corroborate the theoretical analysis.
Regular Linear Hamiltonian Systems

Examination of systems of differential equations began in the early 1900’s with the work of G. D. Birkhoff and R. E. Langer (see [2] for example.), R. L. Wilder and L. Schlesinger. G. A. Bliss [3] in 1926 seems to have been the first to discuss regular, self-adjoint differential systems. Additional references to their works may be found in the papers of Birkhoff and Langer [2], and in the book [4] by Coddington and Levinson.
Ovarian Infection and Transovarial Transmission of Viruses in Insects

In order to survive, viruses must pass from one host to another. Such passage is considered “vertical” when transmission is from a parent organism to its progeny and “horizontal” when transmission occurs under any other circumstances. “Vertical” transmission can also be defined more restrictively as that which takes place via the germ cell line in multicellular organisms as contrasted to that which takes place by other means (e.g., transplacental, peri-, and postnatal). Further, in germ cell transmission, virus can either be integrated into the host genome or be present elsewhere in the cell.
The Volitionist'sManifesto

Many popular business strategies, such as re-engineering, core competency, and value engineering, may achieve short-term profits by antagonizing workers and alienating customers. We contend that self-actualized companies must create an ethical business environment grounded in three ethical principles. To suggest these principles, which characterize all "volitionist companies", we first review two typical problems and the questionable ways that some companies resolved them. Then, we discuss these principles and compare "volitionism" to three well- known normative ethical theories. Finally, we show that these principles form the core of at least four popular management theories.
Auditory Cortical Plasticity and Sensory Substitution

Early visual deprivation in cats and ferrets leads to crossmodal compensation on both the behavioral and neurobiological levels (Rauschecker 1995). Visually deprived animals can localize sounds in space with greater precision. Correspondingly, neurons in areas of cortex normally activated by visual stimuli are now activated by sound. Not only are the cortical areas in the parietal lobe subserving auditory function expanded; neurons in these areas are also more sharply tuned to auditory spatial location.
HACIA UNA (RE)VOCALIZACIÓN DEL TRAUMA: UNA CRÍTICA A CARUTH DESDE LA ÉTICA DE LA ESCUCHA

Este articulo revisa criticamente el argumento sobre el imperativo etico del testimonio que Caruth plantea en Unclaimed Experience para mostrar como su formulacion supone una devocalizacion del tra...
Development and pilot of brief surveys to evaluate the quality of coordinated, patient-centered cancer care.

e18197Background: Stanford Cancer Center is undertaking a Transformation Initiative with the over-arching goal of providing quality, patient-centered, coordinated care across the patient care conti...
The Selection of Rated Voltage on Medium and Low Voltage Side of Transformer

This paper briefly describes the principle of voltage regulation of 220kV transformer, discusses the influence of selection of rated voltage on medium and low voltage side of transformer, discusses the reasons for the contradiction of voltage adjustment on the medium and low side of transformer, and puts forward several solutions to the voltage adjustment with a concrete example, which has some reference significance in power grid operation and 220kV substation design.
Studies on alpha oxidation of stearic acid by Tetrahymenapyriformis and Crithidiafasiculata

Abstract Metabolism of fatty acids by alpha oxidation occurs in mammals ( Fulco and Mead, 1961 ), and failure of normal alpha oxidative mechanisms is associated with Refsum's syndrome, a neurological disease of man ( Steinberg, 1967 ). Whether alpha oxidation is important or even exists in lower animals is unknown. The present study was undertaken to seek the presence of an alpha oxidative pathway in the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis and Crithidia fasiculata , employing the differential inhibitory effects of malonate upon the beta oxidative pathway ( Quastel and Woolridge, 1928 ), and of imidazole upon the alpha oxidation ( Hitchcock and James, 1966 ). The results suggest the presence of both alpha and beta oxidative pathways in these organisms.
Fluorescence loss of commercial aqueous quantum dots during preparation for bioimaging

Quantum dots (QDs) are increasingly employed in biologic imaging applications; however, anecdotal reports suggest difficulties in QD bioconjugation. Further, the stability of commercial QDs during bioconjugation has not been systematically evaluated. Thus, we examined fluorescence losses resulting from aggregation and declining photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) for commercial CdSe/ZnS QD products from four different vendors. QDs were most stable in the aqueous media in which they were supplied. The largest QY declines were observed during centrifugal filtration, whereas the largest declines in colloidal stability occurred in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. These results enable optimization of bioconjugation protocols.
Traffic noise and responses to a simulated approaching avian predator in mixed‐species flocks of chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches

Traffic noise likely reaches a wide range of species and populations throughout the world, but we still know relatively little about how it affects anti‐predator behavior of populations. We tested for possible effects of traffic noise on responses to predator acoustic cues in Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis), tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor), and white‐breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) near 14 independent feeding stations in eastern Tennessee. We compared anti‐predator calling and seed‐taking behavior in response to playbacks of predator stimuli (screech owl calls) at sites naturally exposed to traffic noise and at sites that faced relatively little traffic noise. The screech owl call playback was designed to simulate the approach of this dangerous predator to a feeder being used by these small songbirds. We found that chickadees responded consistently to the owl stimuli across different levels of traffic noise. However, titmice, and nuthatches exhibited different behavioral responses to the predator stimulus, suggesting that traffic noise masked these low‐frequency predator calls. Overall, chickadees and nuthatches showed the broadest anti‐predator behavioral responses in comparison to titmice, corroborating earlier published work with an Indiana population. Finally, populations exposed to traffic noise overall seemed less able to detect predator cues potentially masked by that noise, and future work will need to assess likely seasonal variation in these responses as well as species‐level variation in anti‐predator responses in mixed‐species groups.
Race-reimaging educational psychology research: Investigating constructs through the lens of race and culture

Abstract Despite increasing racial and cultural diversity in the United States and many other industrialized countries, less than 2% of research published in top-tier educational psychology journals authentically examines the experiences of racial and cultural minorities. Through this special issue, we not only aim to increase representation of these populations in our research, but we also strive to promote greater integrity in how racial and cultural constructs are managed in the theories, methods, analyses, and interpretations of educational psychology research. In this introduction article, we define and discuss race-reimaging in educational psychology. Further, we briefly review the historical and contemporary issues in conventional psychological research that necessitate race-reimaging and underscore its appeal. Subsequently, we introduce each article in the special issue and speak to how its respective race-reimaging qualities inform as well as extend traditional educational psychology constructs. Finally, we point to special guest commentary by Paul Schutz and conclude with implications for race-reimaged research broadly.
Antibiotic Refilling, Antimicrobial Activity, and Mechanical Strength of PMMA Bone Cement Composites Critically Depend on the Processing Technique.

Antibiotic-laden poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used in variety of applications including load-bearing arthroplasties and non-load bearing orthopedic revision procedure temporary s...
Inclusion by Design: Measuring Minority Inclusion Comparatively to Assess Institutions for Divided Societies

I propose new cross-national measures of minority inclusion based on ethnic minority support for government parties. These measures will greatly aid efforts to design political institutions intended to achieve greater minority inclusion and to ameliorate ethnic conflict by allowing for more sophisticated quantitative cross-country assessments of the effect of institutions on inclusion. I further explain how the proposed measure can be estimated to a useful degree of accuracy through multiple methods, including polls and ecological inference from ethnic and election data.
Socioeconomic factors that impact patient no-shows in the ambulatory urology clinic

This study seeks to identify patient socioeconomic factors that may be associated with no-shows to our academic urology clinics. This was a retrospective analysis of patient attendance to appointments scheduled at the main urology clinics of our academic center between April 2018 and April 2019. Attendance to scheduled appointments was computed and analyzed with respect to patients’ demographics and socioeconomic status, along with clinic site, type of provider scheduled with, and reason for visit. Chi-square test and simple and multiple logistic regression were performed in order to determine the relationship between patient no-show rates and the variables for appointment characteristics. The cohort of patients at highest risk for no-show was associated with those who were uninsured (OR = 30.00, 95% CI: 23.73-–7.92; p < 0.0001) and from our county’s urban sector (OR = 1.96, 95% CI:1.63–2.37; p < 0.0001), in which the population reported a household income of 30% below poverty level and was only one-third high-school educated. Further studies of this at-risk population who are likeliest to miss their urology clinic appointment may appropriately address these patients’ needs and thus curtail the number of no-shows to future outpatient appointments.
Test Results of the First Pre-Series Quadrupole Magnets for the LHC Hi-Lumi Upgrade

The future high luminosity (Hi-Lumi) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will include eight (plus two spares) 10.2 m-long Cryo-assemblies which will be components of the triplets for two LHC insertion regions. Each cold mass in the Cryo-assemblies will consist of two 4.2 m-long Nb3Sn high gradient quadrupole magnets, designated MQXFA, with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.2 T/m, for a total of twenty magnets. Before assembling and testing the final cold masses at Fermilab, the component quadrupoles are being tested first at the vertical superconducting magnet test facility of the Superconducting Magnet Division (SMD) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), in superfluid He at 1.9 K and up to 18.0 kA, in accordance with operational requirements of the LHC. The tests of the first two full-length prototype quadrupole magnets MQXFAP1 and MQXFAP2 at BNL have been reported previously. The first two pre-series magnets, the first two that will be used in the LHC, have also now been tested. This paper reports on the quench test and training results of these two magnets. The test results of these magnets will be important for validating the final MQXFA design for operational magnets.
Warped AdS2 and SU(1, 1|4) symmetry in Type IIB

We investigate the existence of solutions with 16 supersymmetries to Type IIB supergravity on a spacetime of the form AdS2 × S5 × S1 warped over a two-dimensional Riemann surface Σ. The existence of the Lie superalgebra SU(1, 1|4) ⊂ PSU(2, 2|4), whose maximal bosonic subalgebra is SO(1, 2)⊕SO(6)⊕SO(2), motivates the search for half-BPS solutions with this isometry that are asymptotic to AdS5×S5. We reduce the BPS equations to the Ansatz for the bosonic fields and supersymmetry generators compatible with these symmetries, then show that the only non-trivial solution is the maximally supersymmetric solution AdS5 × S5. We argue that this implies that no solutions exist for fully back-reacted D7 probe or D7/D3 intersecting branes whose near-horizon limit is of the form AdS2 × S5 × S1 × Σ.
Improving Inpatient Consult Communication Through a Standardized Tool

OBJECTIVES: To increase the number of essential consult elements (ECEs) included in initial inpatient consultation requests between pediatric residents and fellows through implementation of a novel consult communication tool. METHODS: Literature review and previous needs assessment of pediatric residents and fellows were used to identify 4 specific ECEs. From February to June 2018, fellows audited verbal consult requests at a medium-sized, quaternary care children’s hospital to determine the baseline percentage of ECE components within consults. A novel consult communication tool containing all ECEs was then developed by using a modified situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) format. The SBAR tool was implemented over 3 plan-do-study-act cycles. Adherence to SBAR, inclusion of ECEs, and consult question clarity were tracked via audits of consult requests. A pre- and postintervention survey of residents and fellows was used to examine perceived miscommunication and patient care errors and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: The median percentage of consults containing ≥3 ECEs increased from 50% preintervention to 100% postintervention with consult question clarity increasing from 52% to 92% (P CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a standardized consult communication tool resulted in increased inclusion of ECEs. Use of the tool led to greater consult question clarity, decreased perceived miscommunication, and improved overall consult satisfaction.
Outcomes among Hospitalized Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background Patients with CKD ha ve impaired immunity, increased risk of infection-related mortality, and worsened COVID-19 outcomes. However, data comparing nondialysis CKD and ESKD are sparse. Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to three hospitals in the New York area, between March 2 and August 27, 2020, were retrospectively studied using electronic health records. Patients were classified as those without CKD, those with nondialysis CKD, and those with ESKD, with outcomes including hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mortality rates. Results Of 3905 patients, 588 (15%) had nondialysis CKD and 128 (3%) had ESKD. The nondialysis CKD and ESKD groups had a greater prevalence of comorbidities and higher admission D-dimer levels, whereas patients with ESKD had lower C-reactive protein levels at admission. ICU admission rates were similar across all three groups (23%–25%). The overall, unadjusted hospital mortality was 25%, and the mortality was 24% for those without CKD, 34% for those with nondialysis CKD, and 27% for those with ESKD. Among patients in the ICU, mortality was 56%, 64%, and 56%, respectively. Although patients with nondialysis CKD had higher odds of overall mortality versus those without CKD in univariate analysis (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.91), this was no longer significant in fully adjusted models (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40). Also, ESKD status did not associate with a higher risk of mortality compared with non-CKD in adjusted analyses, but did have reduced mortality when compared with nondialysis CKD (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.95). Mortality rates declined precipitously after the first 2 months of the pandemic, from 26% to 14%, which was reflected in all three subgroups. Conclusions In a diverse cohort of patients with COVID-19, we observed higher crude mortality rates for patients with nondialysis CKD and, to a lesser extent, ESKD, which were not significant after risk adjustment. Moreover, patients with ESKD appear to have better outcom es than those with nondialysis CKD.
Optimal hydrocarbon based working fluid selection for a simple supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle

Abstract In this paper, several hydrocarbons' performance as a working fluid for a supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle are studied. Energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analysis are conducted for the cycle operating with a low-grade waste heat source. Initially, fifteen different working fluids, primarily hydrocarbons, were considered based on their environmental characteristics, global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, flammability, and toxicity. The cycle efficiency for each working fluid was analyzed for different cycle operating pressures and different inlet heat source temperatures from 400 K to 500 K for a constant turbine work output. Three different trends of cycle performance characteristics were observed for various working fluids with the cycle operating at different evaporator pressures and source inlet temperatures. The working fluids that exhibited similar characteristic trends were then categorized into families for further analysis. Three hydrocarbons, i.e., Dimethyl Ether, R1234yf, and Diethyl Ether, were each selected as the representative of their respective family, along with Isobutane as the reference working fluid for comparison. After detailed energy and exergy analyses, Dimethyl Ether and Isobutane were found to be promising working fluids for the range of pressure and source inlet temperatures considered. Finally, the exergoeconomic analysis showed Dimethyl Ether to be the optimal working fluid based on the unit cost of net work produced and the total cost of exergy destruction, which were calculated to be (59.18 ± 0.49) $/MWh and (8.92 ± 0.48) $/h, respectively, when operating at 450 K.
Optimal estimation of coarse structural nested mean models with application to initiating ART in HIV infected patients

Coarse structural nested mean models are used to estimate treatment effects from longitudinal observational data. Coarse structural nested mean models lead to a large class of estimators. It turns out that estimates and standard errors may differ considerably within this class. We prove that, under additional assumptions, there exists an explicit solution for the optimal estimator within the class of coarse structural nested mean models. Moreover, we show that even if the additional assumptions do not hold, this optimal estimator is doubly-robust: it is consistent and asymptotically normal not only if the model for treatment initiation is correct, but also if a certain outcome-regression model is correct. We compare the optimal estimator to some naive choices within the class of coarse structural nested mean models in a simulation study. Furthermore, we apply the optimal and naive estimators to study how the CD4 count increase due to one year of antiretroviral treatment (ART) depends on the time between HIV infection and ART initiation in recently infected HIV infected patients. Both in the simulation study and in the application, the use of optimal estimators leads to substantial increases in precision.
The social lives of network effects: Speculation and risk in Jakarta's platform economy:

Under the designation “platform urbanism,” there is growing scholarly recognition that platform intermediaries are reconfiguring urban industries, processes, and relationships through the collectio...