cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Downlink for Regulation of Distributed Uplink CDMA.

In this paper, we formulate an optimal rate allocation scheme for uplink and downlink in a single-cell CDMA system. Using concepts from game theory, we show that it is possible to construct a game in which the socially optimal rate allocation arises as a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. We further show that this equilibrium can be achieved via a distributed algorithm at the uplink using practical signaling mechanisms.
Properties and Composition of Isolated Chromatin

We now know that the development of organisms depends on the selective turning off and on of individual genes at particular times during the development of the organism. The understanding of development of higher creatures is therefore the understanding of the control of gene expression. One way to approach the control of gene expression is to study the control of gene expression with isolated interphase chromosomes, the state in which chromosomes express themselves by transcription into messenger RNAs or premessenger RNAs. During the last twenty years the study of isolated interphase chromosomes, called chromatin, has become a major subject of modern biology. We start herewith with the isolation of interphase chromatin.
"It's like a mirror image of my illness": Exploring Patient Perceptions About Illness Using Health Mind Mapping-a Qualitative Study.

A patient’s self-management of chronic disease is influenced in part by their explanatory model of illness (EMI) and daily lived experiences (DLE). Unfortunately, assessing patient’s EMI and using this information to engage patients in chronic illness self-management continues to be a challenge. “Health mind mapping” (HMM) is a novel process that captures a patient’s EMI and DLE through the use of a graphic representation of ideas. We aimed to explore patient’s experiences using HMM. Qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews. Adult patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes from a primary care clinic. A facilitator guided 20 participants through the process of developing a health mind map. Subsequently, each participant completed a semi-structured interview about their experience with the process and perceptions about how their maps could be used. The process and interviews were video and audio recorded. We conducted a content analysis of the maps and a thematic analysis, using an inductive approach, of the interview data. Participants explored a wide range of EMs and DLEs in their HMM process. Participants reported that the HMM process (1) helped to develop insight about self and illness; (2) was a catalyst for wanting to take actions to improve illness; and (3) represented an opportunity to actively share illness experiences. They reported potential uses of the map: (1) to communicate about their illness to others in their social network; (2) to communicate about their illness to providers; (3) to help others with diabetes manage their illness; and (4) to encourage ongoing engagement in diabetes self-care. Participants reported that HMM helped them develop new insight about their illness and was a catalyst for encouraging them to take control of their illness. HMM has the potential to facilitate communication with providers and engage patients in collaborative goal setting to improve self-care in chronic illness.
A space-efficient parameterized algorithm for the hamiltonian cycle problem by dynamic algebraization

An NP-hard graph problem may be intractable for general graphs but it could be efficiently solvable using dynamic programming for graphs with bounded treewidth. Employing dynamic programming on a tree decomposition usually uses exponential space. In 2010, Lokshtanov and Nederlof introduced an elegant framework to avoid exponential space by algebraization. Later, Furer and Yu modified the framework in a way that even works when the underlying set is dynamic, thus applying it to tree decompositions.
Teaching OR/MS with Cases: A Review and New Suggestions

Teaching cases have become a cornerstone of operations research and management science (OR/MS) education since the early 1990s, when the focus of the pedagogy largely shifted to an applied, model-b...
The validity and utility of activity logs as a measure of student engagement

Learning management system (LMS) web logs provide granular, near-real-time records of student behavior as learners interact with online course materials in digital learning environments. However, it remains unclear whether LMS activity indeed reflects behavioral properties of student engagement, and it also remains unclear how to deal with variability in LMS usage across a diversity of courses. In this study, we evaluate whether instructors' subjective ratings of their students' engagement are related to features of LMS activity for 9,021 students enrolled in 473 for-credit courses. We find that estimators derived from LMS web logs are closely related to instructor ratings of engagement, however, we also observe that there is not a single generic relationship between activity and engagement, and what constitutes the behavioral components of "engagement" will be contingent on course structure. However, for many of these courses, modeled engagement scores are comparable to instructors' ratings in their sensitivity for predicting academic performance. As long as they are tuned to the differences between courses, activity indices from LMS web logs can provide a valid and useful proxy measure of student engagement.
Model Fit Estimation for Multilevel Structural Equation Models

Structural equation modeling (SEM) provides an extensive toolbox to analyze the multivariate interrelations of directly observed variables and latent constructs. Multilevel SEM integrates mixed effects to examine the covariances between observed and latent variables across many levels of analysis. However, while it is necessary to consider model fit, traditional indices are largely insufficient to analyze model fit at each level of analysis. The present paper reviews i) the partially-saturated model fit approach first suggested by Ryu and West (2009) and ii) an alternative model parameterization that removes the multilevel data structure. We next describe the implementation of an algorithm to compute partially-saturated model fit for 2-level structural equation models in the open source SEM package, OpenMx, including verification in a simulation study. Finally, an example empirical application evaluates leading theories on the structure of affect from ecological momentary assessment data collected thrice daily for two weeks from 345 participants.
Conflict between Parents and Adolescents with ADHD: Situational Triggers and the Role of Comorbidity

Little is known about factors that contribute to conflict between parents and adolescents with ADHD. The current study examines the frequency and intensity of arguments between adolescents with ADHD and their parents with attention to situational triggers and adolescent and parent characteristics that predict conflict. Adolescents and parents (N = 128) completed a battery of rating scales at baseline intake into a randomized clinical trial. The most frequent and clinically significant argument topics identified by parent were homework problems, personal hygiene, and bedtime. Similarly, homework problems were rated by parents as the most intense sources of arguments. Adolescents with ADHD who displayed higher comorbid depressive or aggressive symptoms had the most frequent arguments with their parents. Intervention and prevention programs targeting conflict between teens with ADHD and their parents might consider concurrent treatment of argument sources (i.e., disorganization, homework problems). Comorbid mood and behavior problems should also be addressed.
Sox9 Is a Modifier of the Liver Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Alagille Syndrome.

Background and aims Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by bile duct (BD) paucity, caused primarily by haploinsufficiency of the Notch ligand jagged1. The course of the liver disease is highly variable in ALGS. However, the genetic basis for ALGS phenotypic variability is unknown. Previous studies have reported decreased expression of the transcription factor SOX9 (sex determining region Y-box 9) in late embryonic and neonatal livers of Jag1-deficient mice. Here, we investigated the effects of altering the Sox9 gene dosage on the severity of liver disease in an ALGS mouse model. Approach and results Conditional removal of one copy of Sox9 in Jag1+/- livers impairs the biliary commitment of cholangiocytes and enhances the inflammatory reaction and liver fibrosis. Loss of both copies of Sox9 in Jag1+/- livers further worsens the phenotypes and results in partial lethality. Ink injection experiments reveal impaired biliary tree formation in the periphery of P30 Jag1+/- livers, which is improved by 5 months of age. Sox9 heterozygosity worsens the P30 biliary tree phenotype and impairs the partial recovery in 5-month-old animals. Notably, Sox9 overexpression improves BD paucity and liver phenotypes in Jag1+/- mice without ectopic hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation or long-term liver abnormalities. Notch2 expression in the liver is increased following Sox9 overexpression, and SOX9 binds the Notch2 regulatory region in the liver. Histological analysis shows a correlation between the level and pattern of SOX9 expression in the liver and outcome of the liver disease in patients with ALGS. Conclusions Our results establish Sox9 as a dosage-sensitive modifier of Jag1+/- liver phenotypes with a permissive role in biliary development. Our data further suggest that liver-specific increase in SOX9 levels is a potential therapeutic approach for BD paucity in ALGS.
Introduction: Recent Developments in Achieving Depression Remission

From the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. This supplement comprises articles derived from presentations at the Achieving Depression Remission Thought Leader Summit held February 8, 2002, in Half Moon Bay, Calif., and invited articles, all supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly and Company. Corresponding author and reprints: Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305-5717 (e-mail: afschatz@stanford.edu). Introduction
Externe Speicher, Systemverbindungen

Fur ein gut ausgestattetes Datenverarbeitungssystem ist es unbedingt erforderlich, das es mit einem mehrstufigem, hierarchisch gegliederten Speichersystem versehen ist. Eng gekoppelt mit den eigentlichen Recheneinheiten sorgen relativ kleine und, in Kosten pro Bit ausgedruckt, verhaltnismasig teure interne Speicher fur schnellen Datenverkehr. Heute meistens uber Kanalanschlus verbundene externe Speicher bieten kostengunstige Bereitstellung und Archivierung groserer Datenmengen, jedoch auf Kosten der Zugriffszeiten (Bild 8.1–1). Im Zuge der Dezentralisierung von Systemfunktionen besitzen diese externen Speichersysteme im wachsenden Mase autarke Zugriffsverwaltung und tragen so zur Entlastung der Zentralsysteme bei. Ubertragungsgeschwindigkeiten und breite Datenpfade helfen dabei, die grosen Unterschiede der Zugriffszeiten der einzelnen Hierarchiestufen, insbesondere zwischen Halbleiterspeichern und magnetomotorischen Speichern zu uberwinden.
Combined influence of soil moisture and atmospheric evaporative demand is important for accurately predicting US maize yields

Understanding the response of agriculture to heat and moisture stress is essential to adapt food systems under climate change. Although evidence of crop yield loss with extreme temperature is abundant, disentangling the roles of temperature and moisture in determining yield has proved challenging, largely due to limited soil moisture data and the tight coupling between moisture and temperature at the land surface. Here, using well-resolved observations of soil moisture from the recently launched Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite, we quantify the contribution of imbalances between atmospheric evaporative demand and soil moisture to maize yield damage in the US Midwest. We show that retrospective yield predictions based on the interactions between atmospheric demand and soil moisture significantly outperform those using temperature and precipitation singly or together. The importance of accounting for this water balance is highlighted by the fact that climate simulations uniformly predict increases in atmospheric demand during the growing season but the trend in root-zone soil moisture varies between models, with some models indicating that yield damages associated with increased evaporative demand are moderated by increased water supply. A damage estimate conditioned only on simulated changes in atmospheric demand, as opposed to also accounting for changes in soil moisture, would erroneously indicate approximately twice the damage. This research demonstrates that more accurate predictions of maize yield can be achieved by using soil moisture data and indicates that accurate estimates of how climate change will influence crop yields require explicitly accounting for variations in water availability. Understanding the response of agriculture to heat and moisture stress is essential to adapt food systems under climate change. Using newly available satellite soil moisture data, this study finds that the combined influence of soil moisture and atmospheric evaporative demand is important for accurately predicting US maize yields.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists versus Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for Treatment of T2DM.

Context Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrated reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular deaths (CVD), and renal outcomes. Objective Assist in the prescribing decision regarding severity of illness and risk for adverse events. Design Meta-analysis of the major CVOT and previous meta-analyses. Main outcome measures Six trials of GLP-1 RA (51 762 subjects) and 4 trials of SGLT2i (33 457 subjects) showed both drug classes reduced MACE and CVD versus controls, with neither class preferred (comparison GLP1-RA vs SGLT2i: relative rate [rr] MACE 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97, 1.22, P = ns; rr CVD 1.04, 95% CI 0.87, 1.24, P = ns). Hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) improved with SGLT2i (rr 0.68, CI 0.61, 0.76, P 10 events/1000pt*year). GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i showed reduction in renal outcomes (GLP-1 RA rr 0.83, CI 0.75, 0.91, p ≤ 0.001, SGLT2i rr 0.67, CI 0.57, 0.79, P Conclusion GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i classes showed similar reduction in MACE, CVD, and renal outcomes. SGLT2i have advantages over GLP-1 RA in reduction in HHF.
Precision measurement of relative γ-ray intensities from the decay of 61Cu.

A discrepancy, well outside reported uncertainties, has been observed between the accepted and measured values of the intensity ratio of the two strongest γ rays following 61Cu β+ decay. This discrepancy has significant impact since the natNi(d,x)61Cu reaction has historically been one of only a few IAEA recommendations for use as a deuteron flux monitor and a considerable number of published cross sections measured in ratio to that beam monitor cross section may depend on the choice of either the first or second strongest γ ray in those calculations. To determine the magnitude of this error most precisely, over a hundred separate measurements of the 283 keV to 656 keV γ-ray emission ratio were collected from seven experiments and a variety of detectors and detection geometries. A weighted average of all these measurements indicates an error in the value listed in the Nuclear Data Sheets of 11% in either the primary or second-highest intensity γ ray of 61Cu, potentially introducing an 11% error in 61Cu production cross section measurements, cross sections using nickel activation as a deuteron beam current monitor, or in dose rates when 61Cu is used in nuclear medicine. General agreement with the Data Sheets with ten other intensity ratios suggests the most probable error is in the secondary (656 keV) emission, which accordingly should be updated from 10.8% to 9.69%.
Paying a Premium: Dynamics of the Small Business Owner Health Insurance Market

This report analyzes the financial experiences of nonemployer small business owners who purchase health insurance through the individual market for themselves or their families. We leverage 117 million anonymized transactions from over 30,000 nonemployer firms who hold business banking deposit accounts with Chase to produce a monthly view of health insurance premium payments from January 2014 to April 2017. We find that health insurance premiums are a material expense for nonemployer business owners, who spend about $500 per month on premiums. Moreover, health insurance premiums have grown substantially since 2014 and have increased as a share of operating expenses. While we found that the within-firm growth rate of health insurance premiums slowed from about 10 percent in 2014 to about 7 percent in 2017, many firms appear to exit the health insurance market. In particular, nonemployer businesses for whom health insurance premiums are most burdensome are most likely to exit the health insurance market. Forty-two percent of firms in our sample with health insurance payments amounting to 6.5 percent of expenses or more in April 2016 were no longer in the sample a year later. These findings provide insight into the decisions of small business owners as participants in the individual health insurance market and a unique perspective into the magnitude of health insurance premiums relative to other operating expenses small business owners face.
Metaphor as Policy: The Case of the 'Broadband Ecosystem'

From the early days of the Internet, metaphors have been important in shaping how we think about it. The “Information Superhighway”; the “Web”; the “cloud”; “Tubes”, “Cyberspace”, among others. Such appellations may seem trivial, even jokey, but metaphors actually can pow-erfully influence how we think about something. Metaphors imply regulatory policies. If we say the Internet is like the electrical grid, that’s one thing; if we say it’s like a public bazaar that may have very different results in the way we think about its regulation. A currently popular, perhaps even dominant, metaphor is that of the “ecosystem”, appearing var-iously as the ICT ecosystem, the Internet ecosystem and the broadband ecosystem. They all convey the image of things that are interconnected and interdependent. The embrace a world where multiple formerly independent industrial sectors are overlapping, at least at the margins, creating new “platforms” of good and services to be provided to consumers. What are often un-der-recognized are the long-term implications of adopting this metaphor. It is now 18 years since the passage of the ’96 Telecommunications Act. It was a step in the long process of competition and consolidation, but hardly an endpoint. The “Internet” is mentioned only in two areas (e-rate and child protection). It could be argued its drafters were shortsighted, but it would have required a bold imagination to foresee how things have evolved since then. So what sort of policy/regulatory regime will be appropriate for 18 years into the future, 2032? Or even for 2025? We need to be prepared for substantial – but foreseeable – major changes. The paper will build on the “broadband ecosystem” metaphor, looking forward to a time when the “Intercloud” and inter-cloud networks step into the dominant role; when there is no need to “log in” as the network increasingly becomes the environment in which we move; in which the dominant part of the broadband network is not the public Internet but private and public clouds; and in which artificial intelligence and big data combine to create an overall shared data envi-ronment for which we do not yet even have a common name. Noting that the broadband network is much more than just the “Internet”, the paper will identify the key, forward looking policy issues: ecosystem/platforms vs. terminating access; scope of the broadband ecosystem; focus on innovation or competition; social interventions; and jurisdictional basis, scope and locus of regulatory authority. It will then review three primary forward-looking policy models (the platform model, the protocol layers model, and the policy space model) and evaluate how well they address these policy issues and lay the groundwork for the information environment of the future.
Single-Position Prone Lateral Interbody Fusion Improves Segmental Lordosis in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

OBJECTIVE Single-position surgery in prone position is a novel technique for lateral interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation. We performed a radiographic comparison of patients treated for spondylolisthesis using the prone lateral (PL) transpsoas approach versus the traditional dual position (DP) approach (lateral decubitus then prone). METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with spondylolisthesis were treated using the PL approach (n = 15) versus the dual position approach (n = 15). Radiographic factors in the groups were retrospectively compared. RESULTS The groups were similar for age, sex, body mass index, and implant size, but there were more 15° (vs. 10°) cages inserted in the dual position group. Radiographically the groups had similar baseline spinopelvic parameters, lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis, anterolisthesis, and disc height (P > 0.05). Postoperatively the PL group demonstrated a larger improvement in segmental lordosis (5.1° vs. 2.5°, P = 0.02), but not overall LL (6.3° vs. 3.1°, P = 0.14). Both groups had similar improvements in pelvic tilt, disc height, and spondylolisthesis reduction (P > 0.05). The mean relative distance of the implant from the posterior edge of the vertebral body was greater in the PL group (26% vs. 17%, P < 0.001) indicating a tendency for more anterior cage placement. However, there was no significant correlation between the relative cage position and the increase in segmental lordosis (P = 0.35), so this result alone did not explain the relative increase in lordosis seen. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to demonstrate an improvement in segmental lordosis for patients with single-level spondylolisthesis using the PL approach.
Responding to Discriminatory Patient Requests.

CASE Julia is a 13-year-old White adolescent girl who was referred for psychological counseling given concerns related to mood, nonadherence, and adjustment secondary to her new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The family lives in a rural town located several hours from the academic medical center where she was diagnosed. After several months on a waitlist, the family was contacted to schedule a telehealth appointment with a predoctoral psychology trainee. When the scheduler informed the mother that her daughter would be scheduled with Ms. Huang, the mother abruptly stopped the conversation stating, "I do not want to waste everyone's time" and initially declined the appointment offered. When the scheduler asked about her hesitance, the mother disclosed previous interactions with doctors at the hospital who were "not born in the United States" that she felt were "textbook" (e.g., smiling even when discussing a new chronic medical condition) and "hard to understand" (i.e., because of different dialect/accent). The mother shared that she found these experiences to be stressful and felt the interactions had negatively affected Julia's care. When informed about the length of the waitlist for another clinician, the mother agreed to initiate services with the trainee.The supervising psychologist shared the mother's concerns and comments with Ms. Huang. After discussion, Ms. Huang agreed to provide intervention services, "as long as the family was willing." During the initial telehealth sessions, Ms. Huang primarily focused on building rapport and strengthening the therapeutic alliance with the family. During this time, Julia's mother was reluctant to incorporate suggested parent management strategies at home. Julia also made minimal improvement in her medical management (i.e., A1c levels remained high), had difficulty using behavioral coping strategies, and experienced ongoing mood symptoms (i.e., significant irritability, sleep difficulties, and depressive symptoms). Ms. Huang began to wonder whether the family's resistance and inability to implement recommendations were in some part because of the family's initial concerns and reluctance to engage in therapy with her as a clinician.Should Ms. Huang address the previously identified concerns with the patient and her family? What should be considered when determining how to approach this situation to ensure provision of both the best care for this patient and support for this trainee?
Solumedrol Treatment for Severe Sepsis in Humans with a Blunted Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Cortisol Response: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial.

PurposeTo test the benefits of Solumedrol treatment in sepsis patients with a blunted adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-cortisol response (delta <13 µg/dL) with regard to the number of days on ven...
Comparison of pelvic incidence measurement using lateral x-ray, standard ct versus ct with 3d reconstruction

PURPOSE Pelvic incidence (PI) is a position independent parameter used to quantify spinopelvic sagittal balance. PI is generally measured on lateral radiographs, but more recent studies have suggested better accuracy with standard CT scans versus three-dimensional (3D) CT scans. This study compares PI obtained from lateral XR, standard CT scan and CT scan with 3D reconstruction. METHODS A total of 77 subjects with lateral XRs of the pelvis or lumbosacral spine and CT scans of the pelvis were randomly selected. Pelvic incidence on lateral XRs, standard CT scans and CT scans utilizing multiplanar reconstruction were measured and compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). PI was also measured on serial images in 28 individuals using the same imaging modality within 3 years and evaluated using ICC. RESULTS Mean ± SD of PI measurements on XR, standard CT and CT with 3D reconstruction were 56° ± 13°, 53° ± 12° and 53° ± 12°, respectively, demonstrating a small but significant elevation of PI measurement on XR (P < 0.001). ICC values demonstrated a higher correlation between standard CT and 3D CT (ICC 0.986), compared to XR and standard CT (ICC 0.934) and XR and 3D CT (ICC 0.937). PI measurements on repeated imaging of the same individual also demonstrated that both CT methods produced more consistent measurements (ICC 0.986 for standard CT, 0.981 for 3D CT, 0.935 for XR). CONCLUSION Although standard XR does provide a high level of reliability, it appears to slightly overestimate PI. CT scans do provide increased reliability, with no additional benefit of 3D reconstructions over standard CT.
Sensitivity of absolute flow calculations to variations in heart size, external activity, noise, and lesion location and severity: A simulation study

2079 Objectives Various physiological and physical factors affect the time activity curves (TACs) used to compute absolute blood flow in dynamic PET. This study used the realistic NCAT simulation to model these effects and evaluate their impact upon a flow measurement algorithm. Methods Dynamic NCAT simulations were created using known RV, LV, and myocardial tissue curves generated from known kinetic parameters. Heart sizes of 170, 110, and 75g were modeled. Lesions were placed in the lateral, septal, inferior, and apical walls. Liver and lung activities 10 and 20% of myocardium intensity were used. Defect severities were 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximum myocardial activity. Noise levels were estimated from patient studies, and normal, .5xnormal, and 2xnormal levels were simulated. Absolute flow was measured from the resulting 324 simulated 5min dynamic PET studies by automatically segmenting a summation of the last 2 minutes of the study into LV, RV, and 17 myocardial regions of interest (ROIs). Factor analysis was used to create pure tissue TACs for each of the 17 segments, and an optimization algorithm was used to find the best 3 compartmental model parameters for each. Segmental absolute flow values in the known normal and abnormal segments were then used in ROC analysis to determine whether any of these variables affected diagnostic ability. Results Neither heart size nor noise level affected accuracy of the flow algorithm. The least severe lesion was less detectable than the two more severe lesions. Higher liver activity, but not lung activity, was associated with lower accuracy. Finally, apical lesions were significantly less detectable than lesions in other locations; however, this may be associated with the apical lesion being approximately half the size of the other lesions rather than its specific location. Conclusions This absolute flow algorithm, like all perfusion quantification programs, is less accurate with smaller and less severe lesions. However, it is not affected by heart size or noise
Routine Management of Breast-Feeding

In recent years, renewed scientific interest in breast-feeding has led to acceptance of human milk as the optimal food for the first several months of life.1–5 Professional endorsement of natural infant feeding, together with rising consumer demand, have led to an increase in the incidence and duration of breast-feeding throughout the country during the past decade. In 1971, 24.7% of newborns were breast-fed in the hospital, while only 5.5% were; still receiving any breast milk at 5 to 6 months of age. By 1979, comparable figures were 51.0% and 23.0%. Currently, the typical breastfeeding mother is a primipara with some college education, in a higher family income group. Her infant is under the care of a pediatrician, and she lives in an urban area within the Mountain region of the United States. However, a trend of increased breast-feeding can be found among all demographic populations surveyed and within each U.S. census region.6
Contextual collaboration: platform and applications

Contextual collaboration refers to people-to-people collaboration from within IT-enabled business operations. We have designed and implemented a middleware platform for enabling contextual collaboration, and built collaborative applications on top of the platform. The platform embodies three main themes: on-demand, adaptive, and integrated. It is on-demand in that it allows collaboration data and services to be accessed from within business applications as the business need arises. It is adaptive in that it brings the right set of collaboration elements to the user, in a manner sensitive to business context. It integrates collaboration elements across multiple sources, multiple modalities, and multiple vendor technologies. In addition, it integrates structured collaborative activities with ad hoc peer collaboration tools, and with the business processes at large. To validate and leverage the contextual collaboration platform, we have developed an eclipse-based collaborative development environment and a browser that enables collaborative Web applications. Our contextual collaboration platform and applications promise to yield a more productive and more satisfying business practice.
PLASMA FREE FATTY ACID AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS

Simultaneous plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and blood sugar levels were determined for fasting newborn infants during the first 24 hours of life, for their cord bloods, and for their mothers at delivery. The following observations were made. In control infants the mean FFA level rose about three times the cord level after birth and was accompanied by a 25% drop in the mean blood sugar level. Thereafter, the mean blood sugar level remained relatively constant, but the mean FFA level varied from 2½ to 3 times the cord level. There was no significant correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant FFA level; there was, however a significant negative correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant blood sugar level at 24 hours of age. High FFA levels occurred in the infants of obese mothers and low levels were observed in infants with delayed respirations, in infants of preeclamptic mothers, and in infants of diabetic mothers.
Listening at an Angle

Speaking of a missed connection with other Latinas, Cherrie Moraga laments the belated recognition of her need. “In a real visceral way I hadn’t felt the absence (only assumed the fibers of alienation I so often felt with anglo women as normative). Then for the first time, speaking on a panel about racism here in San Francisco, I could physically touch what I had been missing.” There is a pathos to realizing one’s embodied needs only as a result of taking part in scholarly activity, but there is hope as well. A key project for feminists has been reclaiming embodied and relational knowing. Women of color and lesbians, in particular, have invoked desire, delight, humor, rage, weariness, and hope in the service of a politics of the flesh.
Filming as the Art of Thinking: On Wurzer's Filming and Judgment

Wilhelm S. Wurzer _Filming and Judgment: Between Heidegger and Adorno_ New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1990 ISBN 0-391-03741-2 149 pp.
The Alkaline Reaction of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, a New Transient Intermediate

Abstract In basic solutions NAD+ reversibly produces a 370 nm absorbing transient intermediate which irreversibly decomposes to a 340 nm absorbing species. The concentration of the transient produced is proportional to the hydroxide concentration up to 5 m NaOH. NAD+ also undergoes an ionization reaction of the carboxamide NH2 group, the Ka of which is 7.3 x 10-13 m. NMN undergoes spectral changes in alkaline solutions entirely analogous to those of NAD, and has a Ka of 5.6 x 10-13 m.
Steady-state response of an infinite plate to an exponential edge load along a fusing crack: A model for the dynamic edge fusion of two semi-infinite plates

Abstract The subsonic and supersonic steady-state response of an homogeneous, elastic, isotropic, infinite plate to an exponential edge load along a fusing crack is examined. This model is used to investigate phenomena associated with rapid edge-joining (welding) of metal sheets. For subsonic load propagation (subsonic edge joining), the stress normal to the axis of crack propagation varies from the imposed compressive stress on the crack surface to a tensile stress along the line of symmetry behind it. The stresses are bounded everywhere except in the area near the crack tip, where a typical crack singularity exists, until the Rayleigh speed is reached. The Rayleigh speed is thus demonstrated to be the limiting velocity for any metal-joining technique. As a further demonstration of the mathematical technique, the supersonic case is solved in which Mach lines appear at angles behind the crack, while the normal stress is again compressive on either side of the crack but changes to tensile and becomes unbounded along the Mach lines which emanate from the crack tip.
Bayesian Network Modeling of Offender Behavior for Criminal Profiling

A Bayesian network (BN) model of criminal behavior is obtained linking the action of an offender on the scene of the crime to his or her psychological profile. Structural and parameter learning algorithms are employed to discover inherent relationships that are embedded in a database containing crime scene and offender characteristics from homicide cases solved by the British police from the 1970s to the early 1990s. A technique has been developed to reduce the search space of possible BN structures by modifying the greedy search K2 learning algorithm to include a-priori conditional independence relations among nodes. The new algorithm requires fewer training cases to build a satisfactory model that avoids zero-marginal-probability (ZMP) nodes. This can be of great benefit in applications where additional data may not be readily available, such as criminal profiling. Once the BN model is constructed, an inference algorithm is used to predict the offender profile from the behaviors observed on the crime scene. The overall model predictive accuracy of the model obtained by the modified K2 algorithm is found to be 79%, showing a 15% improvement with respect to a model obtained from the same data by the original K2 algorithm. This method quantifies the uncertainty associated with its predictions based on the evidence used for inference. In fact, the predictive accuracy is found to increase with the confidence level provided by the BN. Thus, the confidence level provides the user with a measure of reliability for each variable predicted in any given case.
Highly excited hydrogen in strong electric fields

We have studied theoretically and experimentally the photoionization of hydrogen in strong electric fields F in the energy region between the classical point Ec = −2√F and E=0 and for positive energies. We used two-photon excitation from the ground state to selectively excite distinct charge distributions of n=2 states: a charge distribution that is extended upfield, (ml =0 blue state) or a charge distribution that is extended downfield (ml =0 red state). An additional one-photon excitation resulted in the excitation of highly excited ionizing states having giant dipole charge distributions. Only in hydrogen pure low-lying excited parabolic states that have these distinct charge distributions can be prepared using laboratory fields. Our results show that the percentage of the charge distribution that can be molded into the giant dipole from the otherwise free electronic charge of the final state can be enhanced dramatically by using multistep excitation (multistep molding) via resonant intermediate states whose charge is partially extended instead of a single step excitation from the ground state. This enhancement in the molding is manifested in the enhancement of the depth of the Stark-induced resonances in the region above E=0 over the depth observed in the case of excited complex atoms.
Kapteyn’s Influence on the Style and Content of Twentieth Century Dutch Astronomy

Jacobus Kapteyn’s influence on Dutch astronomy has been profound, lasting even to this day three-quarters of a century after his death. In this paper I will focus on the first half of this period, from 1920 to about 1960. His influence was on both the content and the style of subsequent Dutch astronomy. Regarding the content, Dutch astronomy has been concerned with the structure of the Milky Way, and indeed of the entire Universe, ever since Kapteyn made this the quest of his career. Regarding style, three primary characteristics of twentieth-century Dutch astronomy are directly traceable to Kapteyn’s own style: (a) large-scale studies, (b) international collaborations, and (c) “interpretive astronomy”, i.e., a style intermediate between pure observations and theory.
On the Structure of \(\mathbb{N}\)-Graded Vertex Operator Algebras

We consider the algebraic structure of \(\mathbb{N}\)-graded vertex operator algebras with conformal grading \(V = \oplus _{n\geq 0}V _{n}\) and \(\mathrm{dim}V _{0} \geq 1\). We prove several results along the lines that the vertex operators Y (a, z) for a in a Levi factor of the Leibniz algebra V 1 generate an affine Kac–Moody subVOA. If V arises as a shift of a self-dual VOA of CFT-type, we show that V 0 has a “de Rham structure” with many of the properties of the de Rham cohomology of a complex connected manifold equipped with Poincare duality.
The Status of Activation Analysis in Archaeology and Geochemistry

Many of the initial applications for activation analysis occurred in the fields of archaeology, geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In addition to the desire to investigate noteworthy problems of interest to these disciplines, the reasons for employing activation analysis were based on the advantages of sample preparation, sensitivity, multi-element capability, and non-destructiveness. Nearly fifty years later and despite the development of several new analytical methods, we find that many of these same advantages continue to attract interest in activation analysis from these same disciplines. This overview discusses the past, present and future role of activation analysis with regard to research questions in archaeology, geochemistry, and cosmochemistry.
Zn‐MOFs Containing Pyridine and Bi­pyridine Carboxylate Organic Linkers and Open Zn2+ Sites

Two Zn-based metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOFs) were solvothermally synthesized using two pyridine-based carboxylate linkers to generate unique pore topologies, as evidenced by single-crystal XRD analysis. These Zn-MOFs provided coordinatively unsaturated Zn2+ sites with square-pyramidal geometry, leading to an enhanced interaction with CO2, as demonstrated by sub-atmospheric pressure isotherms. The presence of open Zn2+ sites in these MOFs was validated by Raman spectroscopy under atmospheric CO2, revealing the presence of CO2 chemisorbed on surface sites. Additionally, in situ DRIFT spectra of chemisorbed acetic acid provided evidence for the formation of acetate-Zn2+ species after adsorption compared to IRMOF-1, which showed only physisorbed acetic acid species.
News Value, Islamophobia, or the First Amendment, Why and How the Philadelphia Inquirer Published the Danish Cartoons

The typical framing of the United States in the Danish cartoon controversy is driven by the refusal of most papers to republish the cartoons. On this view, American journalists, unlike their European counterparts, focused narrowly on the cartoons' "news value" which -- even at the papers that published the cartoons -- ruled out the anti-Muslim stereotypes that accompanied the running of the cartoons in Denmark and Europe. This paper puts this frame to the test by looking at the debate that unfolded after the Philadelphia Inquirer ran the turban cartoon. While editor Amanda Bennett defended her decision as "what newspapers do," a detailed review of the articles that ran in the paper, the letters the paper received, and Bennett's own justification of her actions suggest the debate was much broader than the news value paradigm suggests. In particular, the debate had an Islamophobic edge reinforced by the failure of the Inquirer to discuss the initial framing of the cartoons in Denmark. This suggests that the image of the United States as narrowly focused on news value needs revision.
California Psychological Inventory

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is a self-report, paper and pencil test comprised of 434 True-False items. There is also a 260-item short form. Questions relate to a person's typical behaviors, opinions, feelings, and attitudes regarding family, ethical, and social matters. It can be administered to individuals between the ages of 12 and 70 having a minimum of a fourth grade education. Results of the test are presented as a profile comprised of 20 scales, 3 vectors (or factors), and a variety of special purpose scales. It is typically used within normal populations to help understand vocational preferences, interpersonal behavior, intrapersonal function, and orientation toward normative values. Keywords: California psychological inventory; psychological testing; self report questionnaire; vocational assessment
Managerial Communication Practices in Chinese Factories: A Preliminary Investigation

This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of selected managerial communication practices in Chinese factories. Members of a delegation of Chinese managers visiting the U.S. were interviewed to explore: (a) the extent to which Chinese factories conform to a bureaucratic model of organization, and (b) factory director communication within these organization. Of particular interest were their upward and downward communication practices, and their methods for persuading and motivating workers and managing conflicts with problem employees. The results of our investigation reveal a distinctive form of bureaucracy operating within these factories. Moreover, we describe patterns of managerial communication practices that can be traced to cultural context, Chinese ideology and organizational structure of the state-owned factory in mainland China.
Effects of cancer treatment on inflammatory bowel disease remission and reactivation.

Background & Aims Little is known about the effects of cancer therapy for extraintestinal malignancy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Methods We analyzed data from the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Brigham and Women's Hospital on 84 patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or indeterminate colitis found to have a solid malignant extraintestinal neoplasm between January 15, 1993, and December 15, 2011. We investigated the incidence of remission with cancer treatment (cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or both) among patients with active IBD (n = 15) and time to disease activation after cancer treatment of those with inactive disease (n = 69). Cox proportional hazards models and survival curves were constructed to identify independent predictors of these outcomes. Results Among patients with active IBD at cancer diagnosis, 66.7% (n = 10/15) achieved remission during cancer treatment; the median duration of remission was 27 months. Ninety percent of these patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy. For patients with IBD in remission at cancer diagnosis, 17.4% (n = 12/69) developed active IBD; the type of treatment was the strongest predictor of IBD reactivation. The risk of IBD reactivation was greatest among patients who received a combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy (hazard ratio, 12.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–99.06) or only hormone therapy (hazard ratio, 11.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–96.43). Ninety percent of patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy remained in remission at 5 years compared with 64% of those who received only hormone therapy or the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy (log rank, P = .02). Conclusions IBD is more likely to remit among patients who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy for solid malignancies than those who receive only hormone therapy or the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy. Among patients with inactive IBD at the time of cancer diagnosis, hormonal therapy, alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, increases the risk of IBD reactivation.
Two unique clinical applications using acid-etched restorations.

Two "Maryland bridges" replacing anterior teeth fused to the facial surface of the abutments are described.
The impact of computer usage by purchasing

Abstract This research examined the current use of computers by purchasing departments and identifies trends that will affect the interaction of business marketers with those purchasing departments. It was found that extensive advances have been made in computer use by purchasing personnel and trends toward more sophisticated usage are obvious. These changes indicate more sophisticated manufacturing systems, different ways of dealing with inventory, and changes in buyer/seller behavior patterns that are becoming more widespread. Business marketers must adjust to these changes in the selling environment. This article explores a number of ways to deal with these changes.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Titanium Polyoximes

Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of titanium polyoximes derived from bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride is described. Dioximes were selected for study based on geometrical dissymmetry, potential biological activity and the potential for extended conjugation through the resulting polyoxime chain. Product yield and chain length appears dependent on the electronic character of the oxime. Product chain length also appears dependent on polymer solubility. Structural characterization using elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, light scattering photometry, control reactions and coupled thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy is described.