cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced One-Pass IP Multimedia Subsystem Authentication Protocol for UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) can support IP Multimedia services by including the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as part of its core network. To use IMS services, a user equipment needs to first authenticate itself with the UMTS and then with the IMS. However, these two authentication protocols share many similar operations. Recent research efforts have highlighted this issue and hence researchers have proposed one-pass authentication protocols to reduce the number of such overlapping steps and to address security vulnerabilities in the original IMS protocol. In this paper, we propose an enhanced one-pass authentication protocol that addresses the weaknesses of the two previously proposed one-pass authentication protocols. We also provide comparative analysis of our proposed work with the existing approaches in terms of performance, security and compatibility.
Induction and exacerbation of psoriasis with TNF-blockade therapy: A review and analysis of 127 cases

Background: There are reports of rare adverse effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, including infections, malignancies, and induction of autoimmune conditions. Intriguing, are cases of induction or exacerbation of psoriasis in conjunction with TNF inhibitor therapy, given that they are approved for treatment of the same condition. Objective: Published cases of psoriasis occurring during anti-TNF therapy were analyzed, including overviews of proposed etiologies and treatment recommendations. Methods: A literature search using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed was performed for articles published between January 1990 and September 2007 to collect reported cases of psoriasis in patients receiving therapy with TNF blocking agents. Results: A total of 127 cases were identified: 70 in patients on infliximab (55.1%), 35 with etanercept (27.6%), and 22 with adalimumab (17.3%). Females comprised 58% of cases; mean age of reported patients was 45.8 years, and the time from initiation of treatment to onset of les...
Dilemmas of export diversification in a developing economy: Mexican oil in the 1980s

Abstract Small states usually find it very costly to implement strategies with the objective of reducing their dependence on great economic powers. This essay seeks to explain the accomplishments and failures of Mexico's efforts to diversify its foreign economic relations beyond the United States. Though Mexican exports to the industrialized world have surged in the 1980s, their excessive concentration on oil has skewed Mexico's trade profile and stunted the growth of non-oil industries. Moreover, while exports of non-oil products have expanded fourfold over the last decade, they remain concentrated as well within the US market. If protectionism in the latter continues to grow, the slow but steady new orientation of Mexican business toward foreign markets will prove more effective than the government's political- security considerations of recent years in leading them to diversify Mexico's profile of foreign economic relations beyond the United States.
Industrial applications of nuclear magnetic resonance

During the past 50 years the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has evolved from a scientific curiosity to a powerful analytical tool for physical scientists and the medical community. Its primary use is for analytical chemistry and medical imaging. NMR imaging and spectroscopy can non‐invasively and non‐destructively examine the physical and chemical composition of materials. The technology is now at a level of sophistication and maturity where industrial applications are possible. This article describes the basis of NMR imaging and spectroscopy and examines the application of NMR to a broad range of industrial applications.
Compressed Sensing and Affine Rank Minimization Under Restricted Isometry

This paper establishes new restricted isometry conditions for compressed sensing and affine rank minimization. It is shown for compressed sensing that δ kA +θ k , kA k sparse signals in the noiseless case through the constrained l 1 minimization. Furthermore, the upper bound 1 is sharp in the sense that for any e > 0, the condition δ kA + θ k , kA rM +θ r , rM r can be reconstructed exactly in the noiseless case via the constrained nuclear norm minimization; and for any e > 0, δ rM +θ r , rM kA +θ k , kA rM +θ r , rM <; 1 are also sufficient for the stable recovery of sparse signals and low-rank matrices respectively. Applications and extensions are also discussed.
Neurochemical consequences of status epilepticus induced in rats by coadministration of lithium and pilocarpine.

Status epilepticus was produced in rats by administering pilocarpine (30 mg/kg, s.c.) 16 h after treatment with LiCl (3 meq/kg, i.p.). After 35 min of status epilepticus, several parameters of cholinergic activity were measured. Seizures had no effect on the in vivo concentration of acetylcholine or choline in cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, or striatum. Synaptosomal high-affinity choline transport was also not changed by seizures in hippocampus, cortex, or striatum. Cortical slices from seizing rats had elevated concentrations of acetylcholine and released acetylcholine at a greater rate than did controls, but these effects seemed to be due to a reduction in the postmortem hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Synaptosomal 45calcium uptake during 2 to 60 s of incubation was no different from control rates in tissue prepared from seizing rats. These results indicate that presynaptic cholinergic activity is not markedly altered by 35 min of continuous seizure activity induced by lithium and pilocarpine. In contrast, the in vivo concentration of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate was elevated above control values in seizing rats by 57 to 170% in cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, and striatum.
722-2 Predicting Viability and Functional Recovery with Dobutamine Echocardiography and Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is considered the gold standard for detecting myocardial viability. Unfortunately, PET is limited by availability and cost. Dobutamine echocardiography (DE) may be a cost effective and more available method of detecting viability. This report compared DE with PET in 33 patients (pts) with advanced coronary disease using a 16 segment model for left ventricular wall motion and uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). PET viability was defined as normal or mildly reduced uptake of FDG. DE viability was defined as preserved wall motion at rest or augmentation during DE. PET showed evidence of viability in 93% (157/169) of segments with normal rest wall motion, 85% (62/73) of mildly hypokinetic segments and 93% (68/73) of severely hypokinetic segments. DE and PET were concordant in only 41% (71/175) of akinetic segments (46 nonviable and 25 viable). To investigate this discordance we evaluated follow up echocardiograms (≥four weeks) after coronary bypass surgery in 8 pts with 36 akinetic segments at rest. The ability of PET and DE to predict functional recovery of wall motion is as shown: (+)PV (-)PV Sens Spec PET 0.44 0.85 0.85 0.44 DE 0.60 0.73 0.46 0.83 PV = predictive value Conclusions 1) Normal, mildly hypokinetic or severely hypokinetic rest wall motion on echo correlates strongly with PET evidence of viability. 2) For functional recovery of akinetic segments, PET is sensitive but not specific and DE is specific but not sensitive.
A laser system for monitoring photomultiplier tubes in counter arrays

Abstract The design of two computer-controlled, pulsed laser systems used for monitoring gains and timing stability of photomultipliers in high energy physics experiments is described. Typical data obtained with these systems are presented.
Control of interconnected nonlinear dynamical systems: the platoon problem

The problem to be solved involves a highway automation project. The overall system consists of N vehicles (the platoon). Each vehicle is driven by the same input u and the state of the kth vehicle affects the dynamics of the (k+1)th vehicle. Furthermore, the dynamics of each vehicle is affected by its (local) state-feedback controller. Under very general conditions, it is shown that for sufficiently slowly varying inputs, decentralized controllers can be designed so that the platoon maintains its cohesion. >
Targeting Müller cell-derived VEGF164 to reduce intravitreal neovascularization in the rat model of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose. To determine whether knockdown of Muller cell–derived VEGFA-splice variant, VEGF164, which is upregulated in the rat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) model, safely inhibits intravitreal neovascularization (IVNV).
Thyroid hormone regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter activity assessed by invivo DNA transfer in rat heart

Summary We have studied the thyroid-hormone responsiveness of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene in vivo by directly injecting an expression vector containing the alpha-MHC 5′ regulatory sequences (−613 to +421 base pairs) into the rat heart. In the expression vector pAM1Luc the alpha-MHC promoter elements direct the synthesis of firefly luciferase. Although thyroxine administration of both euthyroid and thyroidectomized rats for 5 days increased alpha-MHC promoter activity, the pAM1Luc gene construct did not mimic expression of the endogenous gene. These studies of direct gene transfer into mammalian myocardium suggest that additional cis-acting elements necessary for the in vivo response to thyroid hormone reside outside the −613 to +421 region.
Potential Modulated Multilayer Deposition of Multisegment Cu/Ni Nanowires with Tunable Magnetic Properties

Potential modulated multilayer deposition has been used to fabricate a series of multisegment Cu/Ni nanowires with diameters in the range of 40−140 nm. We show how the composition and microstructure are dependent on the deposition potential. The aspect ratio of the ferromagnetic nickel segments was varied from 0.1 (disk-shaped) to 2.5 (rod-shaped). The coercivity and remanence of the nanowires are strongly dependent on the diameter and aspect ratio as well as on dipolar coupling between the ferromagnetic segments. Micromagnetic simulations were used to model the magnetization hysteresis loops. These results show how potential modulated multilayer deposition can be used to tailor the properties of ferromagnetic particles.
Low-voltage circuits building blocks using multiple-input floating-gate transistors

A systematic approach for designing analog circuits with low supply voltage requirements is discussed. This approach is based on the utilization of multiple-input floating-gate transistors. Current mirrors and differential pair building blocks are discussed as well as a low voltage BiCMOS operational amplifier based on these building blocks.
Hypoventilation Training for Asthma: A Case Illustration

Hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia is common among asthma patients. This case study illustrates both methodology and results from a patient undergoing training in capnometry-assisted respiratory training (CART). CART is a 4-week training aimed at normalizing basal and acute levels of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PCO2) using a portable capnometer. In the presented case, basal levels of PCO2 increased from hypocapnic to normocapnic range over the course of treatment. Improvements were accompanied by improvements in lung function and reductions in diurnal lung function variability. Improvements remained stable throughout follow-up.
Contextual Models of Electoral Behavior: The Southern Wallace Vote

Many studies have sought to investigate contextual influences on individual electoral behavior using aggregate data. The shortcomings of this approach are discussed, focusing on the relationship between black concentration and southern white support for George Wallace for president in 1968. Through combining aggregate and individual-level data and comparing a series of models, black concentration is found to increase white support for Wallace. Intraregional differences in the relationship between white support for Wallace and local black concentration are equalized when contextual influences at the state level are brought into the analysis. Black concentration contextual effects are independent of those of urbanization, education, or residence in Wallace's home state of Alabama. Relative primary group support for Wallace and relative issue proximity to Wallace are then shown to be the intervening variables linking contextual characteristics and electoral choice.
From China with love

Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory. By T.D. Lee. Pp.865. ISBN hbk 3-7186-0032-3; ISBN pbk 3-7186-0033-1. (Harwood: 1981.) Hbk $59.50, Dfl.170; pbk $19.50, Dfl.60.
Binding of coagulation factors IX and X to the endothelial cell surface

Abstract Bovine coagulation factors IX and X bind to independent sites on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Binding studies with cells maintained serum-free showed that there are at least two classes of binding sites for factor IX and factor X with a dissociation constant of 4.9 × 10 −9 M and 2.1 × 10 −8 M for the respective high affinity sites. Ca +2 was required for specific binding and was reversed by addition of EDTA or EGTA. Competition experiments showed that factor IX and factor IX a bind to the same sites, which are different from the factor X binding sites. Neither binding of factor IX or factor X is inhibited by addition of prothrombin or protein C. Indirect immunofluorescence of factor IX indicated that binding was diffuse on the cell surface.
Thermal imaging of alluvial fans: A new technique for remote classification of sedimentary features

Abstract We evaluate the utility of remote thermal image data for mapping geomorphic features and evidence of sedimentary processes on the surfaces of alluvial fans. Prior studies of alluvial fans have made extensive use of visible images and traditional field-based techniques. As a case study demonstration of this technique, we compare thermal images acquired from the ground and a light aircraft (altitude ~ 5000 ft) to a pre-existing ground-based map of features on the Dolomite Fan in Owens Valley, California. Thermal images from the aircraft were acquired at several times of day to determine how the surface temperatures of the alluvial fan rise and fall throughout a diurnal cycle. We have also acquired thermal images from the ground at 5 minute intervals over the course of a diurnal cycle. The aerial thermal images (ground resolution ~ 2 m/pixel) reveal evidence of a variety of sedimentary processes that have acted on the fan surface. These images show spatial–thermophysical patterns associated with clast-rich and clast-poor debris flows, debris-flow levees and the change in particle size at the toe of the fan. The locations of these features in the thermal images match the locations of the features previously mapped by others using traditional ground-based field sedimentology techniques. All debris flows that are exposed at the fan surface are evident in the aerial thermal images, including those that have been heavily weathered and are difficult to observe in visible images. This case study demonstrates that aerial thermal images can be used to provide reconnaissance of an alluvial fan, suggest what sedimentary processes have most recently acted on the surface of the fan, and to prioritize sites for detailed study on the ground.
RELATIONSHIP OF ALTERED THYROID HORMONE INDICES TO SURVIVAL IN NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESSES

SUMMARY Although alterations of serum thyroid hormone indices are frequent in nonthyroidal illnesses, their relationship to survival is poorly defined. Consequently, the prevalence and prognostic relevance of alterations in thyroidal indices were evaluated prospectively in 195 patients requiring intensive medical therapy and in 75 critically ill patients with serum total T4 (TT4) levels below 3 μg/dl. In the 195 patients, serum total T3 (TT3) and TT4 levels were reduced in 69% and 43% respectively. Decreased TT4 levels had the highest correlation with mortality (P < 0·001) and correctly predicted outcome in 70% of patients. Other thyroidal indices, which were significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors, correlated with TT4 and did not contribute independently to prediction accuracy when assessed by discriminant function analysis. In seventy-five patients with TT4 levels below 3 μg/dl, the nadir TT4 level appeared a median of 9 days (range 1–28) after hospital admission. The nonsurvivors lived a median of 6 days (range 0–42) and the survivors were discharged a median of 20 days (range 4–55) after the TT4 nadir. Only an increased free fraction of T4 (FFT4) was found to correlate significantly with mortality and contribute to prediction accuracy. An inhibition of serum T4 binding to carrier proteins could account for both the decreased serum TT4 and the increased FFT4 values. Serum TT4 and/or FFT4 levels may be useful in assessing the severity and predicting the clinical outcome of acute critical nonthyroidal illnesses.
New Evidence of Impacts of Cell Phone Use on Driving Performance: A Review

Mobile phone use when driving is widely considered to be a major cause of car accidents. This paper attempts to review the existing literature by focusing on three key issues: a Whether and how seriously does mobile phone use impair driving? b How and why does mobile phone use impair driving? c What should be done to best prevent from accident? The authors identified a total of 90 epidemiological studies, experimental studies, and observational studies that were published during 2007 to 2012. These most recent studies were systematically reviewed in three major categories, a the effect of using a mobile phone when driving on drivers' performance in terms of information processing and vehicle control, b variables related to driving, such as characteristics of drivers and mobile phone types, and c context and content of conversation during driving. Both limitations of existing research and future research directions are discussed.
Non-fluorinated proton-exchange membranes based on melt extruded SEBS/HDPE blends

Abstract This paper reports on functional polymer blends prepared by melt-processing technologies for proton-exchange membrane applications. Styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were melt blended using twin-screw compounding, extruded into thin films by extrusion–calendering. The films were then grafted with sulfonic acid moieties to obtain ionic conductivity leading to proton-exchange membranes. The effect of blend composition and sulfonation time was investigated. The samples were characterized in terms of morphology, microstructure, thermo-mechanical properties and in terms of their conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and water uptake in an effort to relate the blend microstructure to the membrane properties. The HDPE was found to be present in the form of elongated structures which created an anisotropic structure especially at lower concentrations. The HDPE increased the membrane mechanical properties and restricted swelling, water uptake and methanol crossover. Room temperature through-plane conductivities of the investigated membranes were up to 4.5E−02 S cm −1 at 100% relative humidity, with an ionic exchange capacity of 1.63 meq g −1 .
L-Ascorbic Acid and Its 2-Phosphorylated Derivatives in Selected Foods: Vitamin C Fortification and Antioxidant Properties

Two carbonated beverages fortified with 30 mg L-ascorbic acid (AsA) equivalents/250 mL in the form of L-ascorbate 2-monophosphate (AsMP) and stored at 25–35°C retained more vitamin C than those with added AsA or L-ascorbate 2-polyphosphate (AsPP). Breads enriched with ferrous iron and fortified with 560 AsA eq./100g flour in the form of AsPP and AsA retained 40% and 5% vitamin C, respectively, after 6 davs at 25°C. Bran (40%) flakes fortified with 0.19% AsA ea. as AsMP and AsPP gave much improved retention of vitamin C during storage for 7 mo at 25–40°C and 7–11% moisture levels. The sodium salts of AsA, AsMP, and AsPP, when injected into whole eye of round beef at 0.18% AsA eq., inhibited hexanal formation after the meat was roasted and stored for 5 days at 5°C. Those sodium salts did not prevent accumulation of peroxides in peanut paste.
Women with disabilities: Missing voices

Abstract This paper analyses how disability informs and complicates gender identity for women with disabilities and demonstrates that disability is a feminist issue. The first section underscores the dual silence of women with disabilities who remain largely unheard of, both in feminist literature and in the disability rights movement. The status of women with disabilities in the United States reflects their position as an oppressed group in terms of educational opportunity, rehabilitation and vocational program access, occupational attainment, economic status, and social outlets. The second section of this paper suggests possible points of entry into several debates within feminist literature that would be broadened or transformed by a disability perspective. Issues of reproductive rights, control of women’s bodies, newborn’s right to treatment, the construction of gender as informed by disability, and sexual representations are among the issues analyzed. Finally, the last section of this paper analyzes various strategies for change, including standpoint or minority models and strategies within feminist thought that may be useful or emancipatory for women with disabilities.
Oscillatory instabilities of the liquid and mushy layers during solidification of alloys under rotational constraint

Linear flow instabilities due to oscillatory disturbances of the liquid and mushy regions during solidification of binary alloys are investigated under a rotational constraint where the rotation axis is inclined to gravity vector. Results of stability analyses and numerical computations for a preferred centrifugal mode of general oscillatory disturbances at zero and non-zero rotation rates are determined which provide information about the preference of oscillatory flow and its role on the solidification system as modified by the rotational effects. The main results are due to a preferred oscillatory mode of convection which is more significant for non-zero rotation case and is restricted mostly to the mushy region. The preferred oscillatory mode of convection is a traveling wave in the presence of rotation, but it is a standing wave in the absence of rotation. The results for different Prandtl numbers indicate that the freckles formation tendency for metallic alloys is less than that for aqueous solutions. Freckles are imperfections that reduce the quality of the solidified materials.
Inoculation and Nitrogen Affect Herbage and Symbiotic Properties of Annual Medicago Species

The interactive effects of Sinorhizobium inoculants and soil N status should affect the N contribution of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in cropping systems. We determined the effect of N and commercial medic inoculum on nodulation, dry matter, and N yield of annual medics and also determined Sinorhizobium strain occupancy in annual medic nodules. Field experiments were conducted on a sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploboroll and on a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf. More than 75% of annual medic plants (except M. rugosa Desr.) were nodulated in the absence of commercial inoculum, and nodulation was due in part to a Sinorhizobium strain that frequently nodulates alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Among the five strains in the commerdal medic inoculum, 102G3 and 102A13 had the greatest nodule occupancy. When no N was applied, inoculation improved the percentage of plants nodulated and nodule mass only in M. rugosa, compared with no inoculation, but inoculation increased herbage yields of spring-seeded M. truncatula Gaertn. cv. Sephi, M. polymorpha L., and M. rugosa by about 60%, compared with no inoculation. Nitrogen addition reduced the nodule mass of all species when inoculum was applied, and N addition increased only the herbage dry matter yield of spring-seeded M. scutellata (L.) Mill, when inoculum was applied. This suggests that a more effective inoculum could be developed for M. scutellata so that N would not limit herbage growth. Annual medics fixed from 40 to 80 kg N ha -1 if spring-seeded and grown for 60 d, and from 20 to 50 kg N ha -1 if summer-seeded and grown for 43 d.
MPTP and parkinson's disease

Abstract Recognition of the biological effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a compound which is selectively toxic to the zona compacta of substantia nigra, has stimulated a renaissance of basic research in Parkinson's disease. Studies on the mechanism of action of this compound and its effects could greatly enhance our understanding of the role of dopamine and the nigrostriatal system, and are likely to expand our knowledge about basic cellular mechanisms of the substantia nigra in health and disease. MPTP has already led to the successful development of an animal model of Parkinson's disease in the primate and has generated increasing interest in the search for environmental causes of this disease. This broad and potentially exciting scenario still appears to be in its early stages.
Comparing Flame and Mechanical Deaeration of High Vacuum Canned Green Beans and Apple Slices

Mechanical deaeration in a vacuum closing machine and flame deaeration achieved comparable results in removing noncondensible gases from low-liquid packs of canned green beans and apple slices. Residual headspace oxygen was calculated from experimental measurements of pressure, void volume, and percent oxygen. Prolonged (> 5 set) exposure of hot filled samples to mechanical vacuum prior to seaming did not result in lower residual oxygen. Sample changes through 9 mo storage were not influenced by deaeration method; consequently, residual oxygen or vacuum in cooled samples immediately after sampling may be used to assess adequacy of air removal.
Angiotensin II bi-directionally regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells

We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor signaling is involved in azoxymethane-induced mouse colon tumorigenesis. In order to clarify the role of Ang II in COX-2 expression in the intestinal epithelium, the receptor subtype-specific effect on COX-2 expression in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (RIE-1) has been investigated. Ang II dose- and time-dependently increased the expression of COX-2, but not COX-1 mRNA and protein. This stimulation was completely blocked by the AT1 receptor antagonist but not the AT2 receptor antagonist. Ang II and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) additively induced COX-2 protein in RIE-1 cells, whereas the LPS-induced COX-2 expression was significantly attenuated by low concentrations of Ang II or the AT2 agonistic peptide CGP-42112A only in AT2 over-expressed cells. These data indicate that Ang II bi-directionally regulates COX-2 expression via both AT1 and AT2 receptors. Control of COX-2 expression through Ang II signaling may have significance in cytokine-induced COX-2 induction and colon tumorigenesis.
Convergence and divergence in a neural architecture for recognition and memory

How does the brain represent external reality so that it can be perceived in the form of mental images? How are the representations stored in memory so that an approximation of their original content can be re-experienced during recall? A framework introduced in the late 1980s proposed that mental images arise from neural activity in early sensory cortices both during perception and recall. Neurons in the association cortices, by contrast, would not code explicit mental content; rather, they would hold the records needed to reconstruct an approximation of the original perceptual maps in early cortices. Several neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies now lend growing support to this proposal.
Performance improvements in microsystems enabled photovoltaics with wider acceptance angles

Potential performance improvements due to optical designs with higher acceptance angles in systems such as those being developed for the microsystems enabled photovoltaic (MEPV) program are investigated. Higher acceptance angles may be achieved with non-imaging approaches for the concentrating optics. For moderate concentrations of ~100X, calculations based on the angular and spectral distributions of aerosol-scattered light show an improvement of ~0.4-2.3% in the annual average energy produced by increasing the acceptance angle from 2° to 5°, depending on the atmospheric conditions and location of the site under consideration. This performance improvement is mainly due to the larger amount of energy available in the wider cone due to forward scattering from aerosols. There is also a marginal improvement in the efficiency of the cells and modules under the spectra at the wider acceptance angle.
Filtration Model of Aerosol Particles by Fibrous Filters

Aerosol filtration by fibrous filters is one of the most common methods of separating and removing particles in micro and sub-micro size ranges. The statistical genesis of this process can be regarded as the interactions and the resulting equilibrium among particle and fiber cells that comprise the system. Therefore a statistical mechanics approach, the Ising’s model, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, is employed in studying the process of the aerosol filtration through fibrous filters. The process is modeled as consisting of numerous cell state exchanges driven by the difference of system energy after and before a particle moves from one cell to the other and/or deposits on a fiber cell. With the use of a simpler binary algorithm, this approach is capable of realistically simulating the complicated mechanisms involved in the filtration process. For verification, simulations are carried out for the behaviors of aerosol particles of different sizes through isotropic fiber filters with various volume fractions. Simulation results are in good agreements with reported experimental data.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Morphometric mapping of regional myocyte diameters after healing of myocardial infarction in cats.

Abstract Myocyte diameters were measured in two models of healed myocardial infarction to test the hypothesis that myocyte hypertrophy is a function of proximity to the infarct. Left ventricular transmural and non-transmural myocardial infarctions were produced in cats by multiple ligatures of the distal tributaries of the left coronary artery system. Thirteen to twenty months after surgery the left ventricular free wall was cut longitudinally, embedded in plastic and stained for reticulum with modified silver stain. Myocardial cell diameters were measured from apex to base through the infarct. No regional differences were found in non-operated control hearts. In the transmural infarct hearts, all cell diameters were significantly increased in comparison to controls (P ≤ 0.05). In the hearts with non-transmural infarcts, cell diameters were significantly increased in tissues adjacent to the infarct, but as distance from the infarct increased the cell diameters were not different from controls. Cells from the transmural infarctions had a greater percent increase in diameter, compared to controls, than did cells from the non-transmural infarctions. There is a gradient increase in myocyte diameters in transmural and non-transmural healed myocardial infarctions; this increase is greatest in the tissues adjacent to the infarct. We conclude that cells close to a healed myocardial infarction hypertropy because they are contracting against a non-compliant scar.
The third heart sound.

Abstract A unitary concept is proposed to explain the genesis of the third heart sound and associated "rapid filling wave" of the apexcardiogram in physiological and pathological states including constrictive pericarditis. This theory not only clarifies the hitherto unexplained phenomenon such as presence of S 3 in significant mitral stenosis, but also places in proper perspective the hemodynamic significance of S 3 in physiological and various pathological states.
On the Conformal and CR Automorphism Groups

This paper concerns the behavior of conformal diffeomorphisms between Riemannian manifolds, and that of CR diffeomorphisms between strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds, We develop a new approach to the subject which involves the scalar curvature theory, and the conformally invariant Laplace operator, and its subelliptic analogue in the CR case. We first describe the results in the conformal case. Our main quantitative result (Proposition 2.1) concerns a conformal embedding of a ball with a well controlled Riemannian metric into a Riemannian manifold with zero scalar curvature. It says that if the derivative of the transformation is large at the origin, then it is uniformly large, so that the map is uniformly expanding. Furthermore, it shows that the full curvature tensor on the image of the ball must be very small. This result can be immediately applied to show that the conformal automorphism group G of a scalar flat manifold (not necessarily complete) acts properly unless the manifold is isometric to R n .
3D waveguide penetrating arrays for optical neural stimulation

Early-generation waveguide arrays made of silicon (Si) and fused silica (SiO 2 ) were micromachined for infrared (IR) neural stimulation and optogenetics applications in able to provide comprehensive and selective access to distributed targets. Edge-coupled multimode fibers delivered light through the optrodes. Maximum normalized output power from the tips, with respect to the fiber output, was determined as 0.33 and 0.71 for silicon and glass optrodes, respectively.
Fine-tuning our knowledge of the anaerobic route to cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Three recent papers (by Roessner et al. [[12][1]], Kajiwara et al. [[5][2]], and Santander et al. [[14][3]]) report the use of a combination of genetic engineering, enzymology, bio-organic chemistry, and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to help fine-tune what is known of the anaerobic pathway to
Determination of spectral profiles from correlation measurements

From correlation measurements one can determine the modulus |γ(τ) | (for real τ) of the copherence function which is the Fourier transform of the spectral density. It is shown that by usingexponential filters one can determine |γ(τ)| for complex τ also. From these measurements and using analytic properties of γ(τ), one can determine γ(τ) (i.e. its phase also) and hence the spectral density.
Calculated total efficiencies of coaxial Ge(Li) detectors with small disc sources

Abstract Total gamma-ray efficiencies of coaxial Ge(Li) detectors are calculated from 20 keV to 10 MeV for disc sources having radii varying from 10% to 90% of the radius of the p-type detector core. Detectors with radial depletion depths from 7 to 20 mm and volumes from 10 to 100 cm 3 are considered. Source to detector distances vary from 3 to 25 cm.
URBAN FORESTRY AND ARBORICULTURAL ADVANCEMENTS IN OHIO, USA

Summary Ohio has had a long and illustrious history since it became the first Chapter of the National Shade Tree Conference (later known as the International Society of Arboriculture) in 1942. Since then it has continued to be recognised as one of the true leaders in arboriculture and urban forestry in the United States. The factors responsible for Ohio's recent success is the development of its ‘Urban Forestry Assistance Program’, an increased number of TREE CITY USA awards to communities committed to the long term management of their urban forest resource, an increased number of educational institutions which have included urban forestry and arboriculture in their curricula, increased grants from the federal government, expanded and enhanced availability of arboricultural consultancies and an increase in the number of certified (qualified) arborists trained to assist communities in the management of their urban forests.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection: association with altered intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP in MT-4 cells.

Abstract T-cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are characterized by a number of qualitative deficiencies including defective T-cell activation. The latter has previously been shown to be normally regulated by cAMP. In this study the patterns of cAMP and cGMP induction in MT-4 cells following HIV infection were investigated. The MT-4 cells were infected with HIV (strain IIIb) and at selected times postinfection (p.i.), culture supernatants were tested for HIV replication by reverse transcriptase activity or HIV P24 Ag. The cells were also examined for their intracellular levels of CAMP and cGMP by radioimmunoassay. HIV infection was associated with an increase in intracellular levels of cAMP and cGM P. The cAMP was increased 40-fold by Day 8 and cGMP 4-fold by Day 4 PI. The increase in intracellular levels of the cyclic nucleotides (CN) were virus specific, dependent on virus dosage, genetically conserved among the two fresh patient isolates tested, and were abolished by uv inactivation. An increase in cAMP and cGMP was also observed in other cell lines infected with HIV. The sustained elevation in CN level observed could certainly influence cell activation and HIV replication and may potentially have clinical relevance.
The Gendered Nature of Family Structure and Group-Based Anti-Egalitarianism: A Cross-National Analysis

Using 4 samples of adolescents from 3 nations (Australia, Sweden, and the United States), the authors explored whether the gendered nature of the family socialization environment affected young people's level of group-based social egalitarianism. It was hypothesized that the greater the father's influence in the family, the greater the children's level of group-based social anti-egalitarianism. The results were consistent with the authors' expectations. Children from father-headed households had the highest level of group-based social anti-egalitarianism; children from mother-headed households had the lowest level of group-based anti-egalitarianism; and children from dual-parent households were in between. Similarly, children from homes in which the father had the greatest decision-making power tended to exhibit the highest levels of anti-egalitarianism, whereas children from homes in which the mother had the greatest decision-making power displayed the lowest levels of social anti-egalitarianism. Family structure did not interact with either the nationality or gender of the child.
Religious practice and belief in the Republic of Buryatia: comparing across faiths and national groups

Using results from a 2010 survey conducted in the Republic of Buryatia, this paper compares the responses of Russians and Buryats on questions of religious practice and belief, as well as the role of religion and religious organizations in the political sphere of contemporary Russia. Buryats more commonly identify with a religion and more frequently attend religious services in comparison to Russians living in the republic. There is greater consonance between the two groups on the public role of religion, with both Russians and Buryats generally supportive of the recent extension of religious education into schools and the creation of national holidays for all traditional religions, among other issues.
Laser Beam Behavior on a Long High Path

Observations of the atmospheric effects on a laser beam over a unique path are discussed. The path is 80 km long and 1.3 km above the surface. Correlations are discussed between temperature lapse rate at the path level and the spreading and deflection of the beam. Beam deflection and beam spread are found to be generally consistent with results obtained by others over lower and shorter paths. Diurnal movements of the beam are not nearly as noticeable, and on one occasion a remarkable degree of collimation occurred that lasted for several hours.
An Inverse Problem in Number Theory and Geometric Group Theory

This paper describes a new link between combinatorial number theory and geometry. The main result states that A is a finite set of relatively prime positive integers if and only if \(A = (K - K) \cap \mathbf{N}\), where K is a compact set of real numbers such that for every x ∈ R there exists y ∈ K with x ≡ yx ≡ ymod 1. In one direction, given a finite set A relatively prime positive integers, the proof constructs an appropriate compact set K such that \(A = (K - K) \cap \mathbf{N}\). In the other direction, a strong form of a fundamental result in geometric group theory is applied to prove that (K − K) ∩ N is a finite set of relatively prime positive integers if K satisfies the appropriate geometrical conditions. Some related results and open problems are also discussed.
Spatial Capture-Recapture

Royle, J. A., R. B. Chandler, R. Sollmann, and B. Gardner. 2014. Spatial Capture–Recapture. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, 577 pp. ISBN 978-0-12-405939-9, price (paper), $129.95.
A reaction theorem and its application to antenna impedance calculations

The reaction theorem is generalized to allow the fields of an antenna in one environment to be employed in calculations of mutual impedance in another environment. Several expressions for self-impedance and mutual impedance are presented. These are in the form of surface integrals or volume integrals of the field intensities or the current density. It is shown how the fields of an antenna in free space can be useful in calculating the impedance in the presence of scatterers.
Human β-Cell Proliferation and Intracellular Signaling Part 2: Still Driving in the Dark Without a Road Map

Enhancing β-cell proliferation is a major goal for type 1 and type 2 diabetes research. Unraveling the network of β-cell intracellular signaling pathways that promote β-cell replication can provide the tools to address this important task. In a previous Perspectives in Diabetes article, we discussed what was known regarding several important intracellular signaling pathways in rodent β-cells, including the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (IRS-PI3K-Akt) pathways, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) S6 kinase pathways, protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) pathways, and their downstream cell-cycle molecular targets, and contrasted that ample knowledge to the small amount of complementary data on human β-cell intracellular signaling pathways. In this Perspectives, we summarize additional important information on signaling pathways activated by nutrients, such as glucose; growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and Wnt; and hormones, such as leptin, estrogen, and progesterone, that are linked to rodent and human β-cell proliferation. With these two Perspectives, we attempt to construct a brief summary of knowledge for β-cell researchers on mitogenic signaling pathways and to emphasize how little is known regarding intracellular events linked to human β-cell replication. This is a critical aspect in the long-term goal of expanding human β-cells for the prevention and/or cure of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
A quantum-limited optically-matched communication link

We propose and demonstrate a nearly optimum all-optically matched communication link with unsurpassed receiver sensitivities better than 0.5 dB from quantum-limited performance at 5 Gbps using an approach that can be extended to higher data rates. We have demonstrated record optical communication performance, less than 0.5 dB from quantum limited theory for optically preamplified OOK.
How Shopping Frequency And Product Type Affect Consumers' Perceptions Of E-Tailing Quality

We survey a national sample of US online consumers about their perceptions regarding the quality of online shopping experiences. Our intent is to examine whether the frequency with which they purchase products online and the types of products they purchase affect their perceptions of internet retailer quality. In this study, the quality of online shopping is measured using a set of items that represent the four phases encountered when shopping via the Internet: (1) the retailer’s homepage, (2) online product catalog, (3) order form and (4) customer service and support. Factor analysis of these items uncovers the following seven underlying e-tailing quality dimensions: reliability, accessibility, ordering services, convenience, product content, assurance and credibility. We find that frequent online shoppers consider both reliability and product content significantly more important than infrequent online shoppers; ordering services is significantly more important to infrequent online shoppers. With regard to product type, we find some significant differences between online shoppers who purchase “search” versus “experience” products. Specifically, those who purchase experience products online rate ordering services and product content significantly more important than those who buy search products.
Craniovertebral Junction: Normal Anatomy, Craniometry, and Congenital Anomalies

The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) comprises the occiput, atlas, and axis and is visible in most magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the brain. Craniometric measurements used in radiologic assessment of CVJ anomalies include the Chamberlain line, Wackenheim clivus baseline, Welcher basal angle, and atlantooccipital joint axis angle. Most anomalies of the occiput are associated with decreased skull base height and basilar invagination, the latter being a primary developmental anomaly in which the vertebral column is abnormally high and prolapsed into the skull base. Occiput anomalies include condylus tertius, condylar hypoplasia, basiocciput hypoplasia, and atlanto-occipital assimilation. Most atlas anomalies produce no abnormal CVJ relationships and are not associated with basilar invagination. These anomalies include aplasias, hypoplasias, and clefts of the atlas arches and "split atlas" (ie, posterior arch rachischisis associated with anterior arch rachischisis). Except for fusion anomalies, abnormalities of the axis are primarily confined to the odontoid process and are not associated with basilar invagination. These anomalies include persistent ossiculum terminale, odontoid aplasia, and os odontoideum. With the widespread availability of MR imaging, which is well suited for evaluating the CVJ because of its direct sagittal imaging capabilities, renewed understanding of CVJ anatomy and anomalies is important for all radiologists.
On a combinatorial principle of Hajnal and Komjáth

In their paper [3], Hajnal and Komjath define the following combinatorial principle: Definition 1.1. Suppose κ is an infinite cardinal and n ω . Then H n ( κ ) is the statement: There is a function F : [ κ ] n → [[ κ ] ω ] ≤ ω such that (a) ∀ A ∈[ κ ] n ∀ Y ∈ F ( A )( Y ⊆ min ( A )), and (b) . H n ( κ ) is related to a more general principle introduced by Hajnal and Nagy in [4]. For applications of these principles to free sets for set mappings and Ramsey games we refer the reader to [3] and [4]. In [3] Hajnal and Komjath prove the consistency of ZFC + GCH + ∀ n ∈ ω ( H n + 1 ( ω n + 1 )), relative to an ω -Mahlo cardinal. They conjecture that L is a model of this theory, and suggest that the proof might require higher gap morasses. The first few cases of this conjecture are known to be true; it is easy to see that if CH holds then H 1 ( ω 1 ) is true, and Laver proved that V = L implies H 2 ( ω 2 ). In this paper we go one step further and prove V = L → H 3 ( ω 3 ). Unfortunately our methods do not appear to give H n ( ω n ) for n ≥ 4. Most of our notation is standard. If X is any set and κ is a cardinal number then [ X ] κ is the set of subsets of X with cardinality κ , and [ X ] ≤ κ is the set of subsets of X with cardinality ≤ κ . If X is a set of ordinals then tp( X ) is the order type of X .