cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TiO2‐Decorated Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites for High‐Temperature Sensor Applications

Temperature and/or composition mapping inside high temperature energy conversion and storage devices are challenging, yet of critical importance to improve the material design for optimum performance. Here, the great potential of TiO2 nanoparticle (NP)-decorated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) nanocomposites as high temperature thermal senors or gas sensors is reported. Effects of the GNP substrate on phonon confinement in Raman spectrum, grain growth, and phase stability of anatase TiO2 NPs at high temperatures are systematically studied. Thermally sensitive Raman signatures, indicating the ultrafast grain growth of TiO2 NPs in response to short thermal shock treatments (0.1-25 s) at high temperatures, are exploited for high temperature thermal sensing applications. A very high accuracy of nearly 98% in temperature measurements is demonstrated for a given short-time thermal exposure. Thermal stability of anatase TiO2 NPs against transformation into the rutile phase in TiO2 -GNP nancomposites is substantially increased by controlling the surface area of the substrate, which would significantly improve the performance of TiO2 -based high temperature gas sensors.
Performance Evaluation of Vision-Based Navigation and Landing on a Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

A rotorcraft UAV provides an ideal experimental platform for vision-based navigation. This paper describes the flight tests of the US Army PALACE project, which implements Moravec's pseudo-normalized correlation tracking algorithm. The tracker uses the movement of the landing site in the camera, a laser range, and the aircraft attitude from an IMU to estimate the relative motion of the UAV. The position estimate functions as a GPS equivalent to enable the rotorcraft to maneuver without the aid of GPS. With GPS data as a baseline, tests were performed in simulation and inflight that measure the accuracy of the position estimation
Identification of Putative Coffee Rust Mycoparasites via Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of Infected Pustules

The interaction of crop pests with their natural enemies is a fundament to their control. Natural enemies of fungal pathogens of crops are poorly known relative to those of insect pests, despite the diversity of fungal pathogens and their economic importance. Currently, many regions across Latin America are experiencing unprecedented epidemics of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix). Identification of natural enemies of coffee rust could aid in developing management strategies or in pinpointing species that could be used for biocontrol. In the present study, we characterized fungal communities associated with coffee rust lesions by single-molecule DNA sequencing of fungal rRNA gene bar codes from leaf discs (≈28 mm(2)) containing rust lesions and control discs with no rust lesions. The leaf disc communities were hyperdiverse in terms of fungi, with up to 69 operational taxonomic units (putative species) per control disc, and the diversity was only slightly reduced in rust-infected discs, with up to 63 putative species. However, geography had a greater influence on the fungal community than whether the disc was infected by coffee rust. Through comparisons between control and rust-infected leaf discs, as well as taxonomic criteria, we identified 15 putative mycoparasitic fungi. These fungi are concentrated in the fungal family Cordycipitaceae and the order Tremellales. These data emphasize the complexity of diverse fungi of unknown ecological function within a leaf that might influence plant disease epidemics or lead to the development of species for biocontrol of fungal disease.
Activation of knot (kn) specifies the 3-4 intervein region in the Drosophila wing.

Hedgehog (Hh) plays an important role in Drosophila wing patterning by inducing expression of Dpp, which serves to organize the wing globally across the A-P axis. We show here how Hh signalling also plays a direct role in patterning the medial wing through the activation of the Hh-target gene, knot (kn). kn is expressed in Hh-responsive cells near the A-P compartment boundary, where its expression is dependent on fu, a component of Hh signalling. kn is required for the proper positioning of veins 3 and 4 and to prevent ectopic venation between them. Furthermore, the expansion anteriorly of the normal kn expression domain causes an associated anterior shift in the position of vein 3 in the resultant wing. Ectopic expression of kn elsewhere in the wing imaginal disc results in the failure to properly activate the vein initiation genes, rho and Dl. Expression of the gene encoding the EGF-receptor (EGFR), which is required for vein initiation and subsequent differentiation, is normally depressed in the 3–4 intervein region. This downregulation of EGFR in the medial portion of the imaginal disc is dependent on kn activity and ectopic expression of kn inactivates EGFR elsewhere in the wing primordium. We propose kn expression in Hh-responsive cells of the wing blade anlagen during the late third instar creates a zone of cells in the medial wing in which vein primordia cannot be induced. The primordia for veins 3 and 4 are laid down adjacent to the kn-imposed vein-free zone, presumably by a signalling factor (such as Vn) also synthesized in the medial region of the wing.
Identifying successful industrial salesmen by personality and personal characteristics.

Despite continuing research effort, little success has been achieved in the use of personality and personal characteristics to predict the performance of salesmen. From an empirical study, a set of...
Change in Anisotropic Temperature Factors in Magnetite with Temperature and Cation Deficit

Anomalous change of the mean square displacements (m.s.d.'s) of the octahedral site (B site) cation in magnetite (Fe3O4) was investigated by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction method and discussed with respect to an electron-phonon interaction.With change of temperature and cation deficit, m.s.d.'s of the B site cation of magnetite show unique trends. At lower temperatures the B site cation prefers to vibrate along [111], but this preference is reduced with temperature rise up to 630 K, above which the mean square displacement normal to [111] becomes dominant. This preference at lower temperature is also reduced with increasing cation deficit, in other words decreasing carrier population in the B-sublattice. In the MPMS measurements weakening of the electron-phonon interaction in the cation deficit one is apparently shown. From this point of view, these characteristic trends suggest relationship between the anisotropic temperature factor, particularly at lower temperatures, for the B site cation and the electron-phonon interaction possibly due to presence of charge carriers in the B-sublattice.The coordinate of oxygen remains nearly constant at x = 0.2549 (1) below approximately 600 K, but increases with increasing temperature above this temperature. This characteristic behavior of the oxygen coordinate with temperature indicates that the cation disordering over the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) cation sites occurs above 600 K.
Mental health status of occupational disease outpatient in Zhongshan and service satisfaction of the hospital

Objective:To study mental health status of occupational disease outpatient in Zhongshan and service satisfaction of the hospital.Methods:787 cases of occupational health examination and occupational consultation were selected From March,2009 to December 2010,in Zhongshan CDC outpatient clinic,patients were asked to fill in symptoms rating scale(SCL-90) and occupational disease clinic satisfaction questionnaire.Results:In the survey of 787 people,clinic overall satisfaction scoring average of 2.79±0.73 points.Mental health below the national average adult level;SCL-90 each factor score no gender differences,and the score with the length of service have increased trend increased,with the increase in a lower trend.Conclusion:Outpatients were satisfied with the service of occupational diseases outpatient department.The mental health status of the issued to the influence of the doctor satisfaction was with a statistical significance.
Hungary Develops a New Program of Physical Education

(1931). Hungary Develops a New Program of Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 7-51.
A Greedy Primal-Dual Type Heuristic to Select an Inventory Control Policy

We propose a greedy primal-dual type heuristic to jointly optimize the selection of an inventory control policy and the allocation of shelf space in order to minimize the expected counting and replenishment costs, while accounting for space limitations. The problem is motivated by an application in the healthcare sector. It addresses the limitations in designing an inventory control system for hospitals stockrooms and the drawbacks of the common approach of using a single policy such as a two-bin Kanban or a Periodic Automatic Replenishment (PAR) system for all items. In the proposed approach, we not only choose policies to use available storage space more efficiently but also consider changing the policies or their parameters to use the space within a selected storage bin more efficiently. On numerical examples where a mathematical programming formulation can be solved in a reasonable amount of time, our experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm is very efficient.
Effect of particle-size distribution and specific surface area of different binder systems on packing density and flow characteristics of cement paste

Abstract The particle-size distribution (PSD) and specific surface area (SSA) of binders significantly affect the fresh and hardened characteristics of cement-based materials. An experimental investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of PSD and calculated SSA of various binary and ternary binder systems on flow characteristics, packing density, and compressive strength development of cement paste. The influence of dispersion state of the binder on packing density was evaluated using the wet packing density approach to determine the optimum water demand (OWD) needed to achieve maximum wet density. The modified Andreasen and Andersen (A&A), Rosin–Rammler (RR), and power law grading models were employed to optimize the PSD of binder system to achieve maximum packing density, while maintaining relatively low water demand. The incorporation of high-range water reducing admixture (HRWRA) is shown to decrease the OWD and increase the packing density resulting from greater degree of dispersion of the binder. The combined effect of lower OWD, greater packing density, and higher SCM reactivity results in higher compressive strength. The increase in SSA from 425 to 1600 m2/kg results in an enhancement in packing density from 0.58 to 0.72, while further increase in SSA from 1600 to 2200 m2/kg reduces the packing density from 0.72 to 0.62. Binder systems using a distribution modulus between 0.21 and 0.235 determined from the A&A model exhibited 18%–40% lower minimum water demand (MWD) to initiate flow, 8%–35% higher OWD to reach maximum wet density, and 15%–25% higher packing density compared to the binder with 100% cement. Binder systems with lower A&A distribution modulus resulted in higher relative water demand (RWD) required to increase fluidity, thus reflecting greater level of robustness. Good correlations were established between the A&A distribution modulus, SSA, RR spread factor, and power law distribution exponent.
Toll-Like Receptors

This chapter focuses on examples of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) research where questions have been particularly well addressed as potential paradigms for the entire TLR system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used for decades in immunology laboratories because of its multiple effects on innate immune cells as well as B lymphocytes and, after discovery of TLR4 as its vertebrate host counterpart receptor, has served as an important paradigm to understand the interaction and function of other TLRs with various microbial components. The malarial parasite is remarkably nonimmunogenic, both for the innate and the acquired immune systems. The early elimination of invasive microorganisms is a fundamental function of the innate immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes recognize components of invasive pathogens and orchestrate an early antimicrobial defense. Two major families of non-TLRs that have received the most attention to date are the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of receptors and the associated inflammasomes. Recent studies indicate the existence of non-TLR pattern recognition systems that function as sensors of viral and bacterial components.
Integrative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Profiling Reveals Dynamic Signaling Networks and Bioenergetics Pathways Underlying T Cell Activation

The molecular circuits by which antigens activate quiescent T cells remain poorly understood. We combined temporal profiling of the whole proteome and phosphoproteome via multiplexed isobaric labeling proteomics technology, computational pipelines for integrating multi-omics datasets, and functional perturbation to systemically reconstruct regulatory networks underlying T cell activation. T cell receptors activated the T cell proteome and phosphoproteome with discrete kinetics, marked by early dynamics of phosphorylation and delayed ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrial activation. Systems biology analyses identified multiple functional modules, active kinases, transcription factors and connectivity between them, and mitochondrial pathways including mitoribosomes and complex IV. Genetic perturbation revealed physiological roles for mitochondrial enzyme COX10-mediated oxidative phosphorylation in T cell quiescence exit. Our multi-layer proteomics profiling, integrative network analysis, and functional studies define landscapes of the T cell proteome and phosphoproteome and reveal signaling and bioenergetics pathways that mediate lymphocyte exit from quiescence.
Critical Notice: Thomas Sattig’s The Double Lives of Objects: An Essay in the Metaphysics of the ordinary world, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015

This critical notice describes some of Thomas Sattig’s book The Double Lives of Objects: An Essay in the Metaphysics of the Ordinary World and raises several critical issues about it.
Community behavioral health care linkages for youth

Introduction and objective behavioral health (BH) agencies have care linkages for youth including juvenile justice (JJ). However, there are few studies on youth care linkages. This study focuses on six sites with the objective of examining BH and JJ staff perceptions about information exchange on screening, assessment and treatment. Methods We developed an index to quantify BH and JJ staff perceptions of information exchange on youth screening, assessment and treatment. After Informed Consent, staff rated past year interactions from agree to disagree on a 7-point Likert scale. Chi-squares and T-tests were used. Results All 64 staff consented 17 (26.5%) BH staff and 47 (73.5%) JJ staff. Significant differences included BH staff were more likely to be licensed ( P P = Conclusions This pilot study found high rates of staffs agreement including ease of talking and listening, sharing screenings and assessments information, and helping begin, continue, and complete treatment. This high agreement was not expected with confidentiality restrictions and traditions. Future studies should target care linkages including letters of agreement, case conferences, and guidelines. The study is supported by the National Institutes of Health.
Political Control Over Public Communications by Government Scientists

In recent years, there has been a great deal of controversy over political control of communications by government scientists. Legitimate interests can be found on both sides of the equation. This essay argues for adoption and implementation of a framework that accommodates those interests—a framework that allows advance notice to political officials, including the White House, without hindering the free flow of scientific information.
For Love and Justice: The Mobilizing of Race, Gender, and Criminal Justice Contact

This paper examines the political implications of the criminal justice system for those who experience it indirectly: the friends and extended families of individuals who become caught up in the criminal justice system through heightened police surveillance, arrest, probation/parole and incarceration, which scholars have termed “custodial citizenship” (Lerman and Weaver 2014, 8). Contact with the criminal justice system is increasingly common in the United States, which incarcerates more of its citizens than any other western democracy (West, Sabol, and Greenman 2010). In addition to the 2.3 million people currently behind bars scholars estimate that more than 19 million have a felony (Uggen, Manza, and Thompson 2006). Fully 23% of Black adults have a criminal background, and Latinos make up 50% of federal inmates, highlighting extreme racial disparities in American criminal justice (Meissner et al. 2013). A growing body of research explores the impact of criminal justice contact on political participation finding that depressed voter turnout is the result whether one has been incarcerated, arrested, or lives in a high-contact community (Burch 2011, 2013; Lerman and Weaver 2014).
Statistical Modeling of Wireless Communications Interference and Its Effects on Adaptive-Threshold Radar Detection

Recent changes in U.S. policy call for spectrum sharing between radar and wireless communications. In order to inform choices of protection criteria for a radar sharing spectrum with communications systems, this paper models communications interference and its effects on a cell-averaging adaptive-threshold radar detector. First, we propose a statistical model for communications interference based on existing models and original simulations, and we find support for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian models, depending on the application. Then, we assess the impact of communications interference on radar detection. Our results suggest that when interference is not well modeled as white Gaussian noise, mean interference-to-noise ratio (INR) is not sufficient to characterize interference effects on radar, and additional interference characteristics such as kurtosis/impulsiveness and coherence time can significantly impact radar performance. We also find degradation in radar performance in relatively low-INR Gaussian interference (e.g., about $-6$ to $-\text{2 dB}$ mean INR at the output of the matched filter).
Conclusion: Achieving the Promise of German Criminal Law

In adversarial systems of justice like the United States, prosecutors possess a tremendous range of discretion. They may leverage that power to bring criminals to justice, as well as to ruin the lives of the innocent. In contrast, since the enactment of the first codes of criminal law and procedure in the late nineteenth century, the German criminal justice system has attempted to constrain, if not banish, prosecutorial discretion. In this book, I have demonstrated that,while the German attempt to banish discretion has failed, German prosecutors today struggle to balance their duty to find the truth with rising caseloads. In the final analysis, the organizational culture of the prosecution, rather than the law decisively shapes how prosecutors exercise discretion.
Abstract 12238: Is Myocardial F-!8 Flurodeoxyglucose Uptake on PET-CT Predictive of Cardiac Toxicity Following Radiation Treatment?

Background: Myocardial imaging with FDG-PET, in the fasting state is used to image inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis. A proposed pathophysiology for cardiac complications following chest radiotherapy (XRT) includes inflammation and a relationship between post-XRT myocardial FDG uptake and cardiac complications has been reported. We studied the incidence of cardiac complications post-XRT in patients with lung or esophageal cancer and examined possible predictors including radiation dosimetry and changes in myocardial FDG uptake after XRT. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with lung or esophageal cancer who received chest XRT and had pre-XRT and post-XRT FDG-PET scan. Myocardial FDG uptake in the lateral wall and interventricular septum was quantified as maximum standardized uptake value (mSUV) units. Change in mSUV was designated as >1 or Results: A total of 82 patients (68.3 ± 12.8 years; 54% male; 76% lung cancer) formed the study group. Mean follow-up was 722± 588 days. An increase in mSUV >1 was noted in 50% of patients between pre-XRT and post-XRT PET albeit, not statistically significant (p=0.12). The incidence of complications post- XRT was as follows: Congestive heart failure 7.3%; LV systolic dysfunction 11%; myocardial infarction 1.2%; arrhythmia 23.2%, pericardial effusion 15.9%; typical angina chest pain 2.4%; and non-anginal chest pain 13.4%. Pre-XRT, post-XRT or change in FDG uptake was not a predictor of cardiac complications. However extent of radiation defined by PTV correlated with the number of cardiac complications (Spearman’s rho=0.31, p=0.01). Radiation dose or FDG uptake and standard clinical variables such as hypertension, age and coronary artery disease were not predictive of the most common complication which was atrial arrhythmias (23%). Conclusions: Cardiac complications occur in a quarter of patients following XRT for treatment of lung or esophageal cancer and correlates with extent of radiation (PTV) but not with change in myocardial FDG uptake or radiation dose. These findings require further study in large population.
Competing constructions of bath salts use and risk of harm in two mediated contexts

Drawing on depictions of bath salts use in two different mediated contexts (110 local news reports, 109 individual user reports), in this study we highlight the incongruence between accounts of use and harm in news media versus drug users’ own narratives. Findings reveal that depictions of bath salts use in local news stories drew on three overlapping frames of risk and harm: a medical/health frame, a typifying example/atrocity story frame, and a legal/regulatory frame. User narratives were comparably neutral and richly descriptive, with tempered accounts of drug effects, psychopharmacological and other experiences while using, as well as tactics used to counter unpleasant effects. We find that both media forms limit discussions of drug use and risks of harm and are similarly dependent on a medical/health frame to legitimate them. The problem with news accounts is the denial of complex social and cultural contexts and possibilities regarding alternative drug policies. The problem with user narratives is t...
Publisher Correction: A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change

In the PDF version of this Letter originally published, Fig. 3 was a duplicate of Fig. 1. This has now been corrected. The HTML version was unaffected.
Tourism Labor, Embodied Suffering, and the Deportation Regime in the Dominican Republic

In this article, we use syndemic theory to examine socio-structural factors that result in heightened vulnerability to HIV infection and drug addiction among Dominican deportees who survive post-deportation through informal tourism labor. Through an ongoing NIDA-funded ethnographic study of the syndemic of HIV and problematic drug use among men involved in tourism labor in the Dominican Republic, we argue that the legal and political-economic context of the global deportation regime contributes to structural vulnerabilities among deportees in the Dominican Republic, most of whom are men with histories of incarceration in the United States and/or Puerto Rico. While Dominican laws and institutional practices work conjointly with foreign policies to reconfigure non-criminal deportees as hardened criminals unworthy of full citizenship rights, the informal tourism economy provides one of the few absorption points for male deportee labor, linking the deportation regime directly to the Caribbean tourism industry.
The mutual attraction of magnetic knots

It is observed that the magnetic knots associated with active regions on the sun have an attraction for each other during the formative period of the active regions, when new magnetic flux is coming to the surface. The attraction disappears when new flux ceases to rise through the surface. Then the magnetic spots and knots tend to come apart, leading to disintegration of the sunspots previously formed. The dissolution of the fields is to be expected, as a consequence of the magnetic repulsion of knots of like polarity and as a consequence of the hydromagnetic exchange instability. The purpose of this paper is to show that the mutual attraction of knots during the formative stages of a sunspot region may be understood as the mutual hydrodynamic attraction of the rising flux tubes. Two rising tubes attract each other, as a consequence of the wake of the leading tube when one is moving behind the other, and as a consequence of the Bernoulli effect when rising side by side.
Commander-in-chief or chief economist?: The president in the eye of the public

Abstract While popularity functions stress the influence of the economy, the institutional nature of the American presidency prompts the hypothesis that foreign policy has a more compelling hold on presidential approval. This analysis examines the effects of presidential evaluations in the domains of foreign policy and economy on overall presidential job approval. To avoid spurious claims of influence, we probe the antecedents of each of those policy approvals and employ a two-stage design for overall presidential approval. The data, in the form of aggregate time series, cover a 20-year period, ranging from the Ford Administration to the Clinton Administration. The main finding is that a president's overall job approval depends just as much on his handling of foreign policy as it does on his handling of the economy. In other words, to maintain public support the chief executive must be ‘commander-in-chief’ and ‘chief economist’ in nearly equal measure.
Does Lidocaine Cause False Positive Results on Cocaine Urine Drug Screen

Individuals who have tested positive for cocaine have claimed that lidocaine, or its primary metabolite, norlidocaine (monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX)), have caused false positive results for the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) on urinary immunoassay testing. The goal of the study was to determine if lidocaine exposure from routine medical procedures can result in false positives on a commercially available cocaine immunoassay urine drug screen (UDS). We performed a cross-sectional observational study of patients receiving lidocaine as part of their regular care. Standard immunoassay drug screens and confirmatory liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed on all urine samples to assess for MEGX and BE. In total, 168 subjects were enrolled; 121 samples positive for lidocaine were ultimately included for analysis. One hundred fourteen of the 121 were also positive for MEGX. None of the 121 were positive for cocaine/BE on the UDS (95% CI), 0–3.7% for the full sample and 0–3.9% for the 114 who tested positive for MEGX. The present study found no evidence that lidocaine or norlidocaine are capable of producing false positive results on standard cocaine urine immunoassays.
Ion Channels of Three Microbes: Paramecium, Yeast and Escherichia Coli

Although the ion channels of vertebrates, and larger invertebrates have been the focus of channel research in the past and at the present, some studies of the channels of microbes have been made. The microbial channels were found to have many similar and a few different features from those of the metazoan channels.
Volumetric breast density estimation using dual energy digital breast tomosynthesis

Dense breast tissue has been shown to reduce the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection. Estimation of breast density (BD) in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may provide masking risk assessment in quasi three dimensions (3D). Dual energy (DE) mammography has been used for breast tissue decomposition, which may provide more accurate BD map for DBT projections. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of DE DBT for volumetric BD estimation and 3D masking risk assessment. A compressed digital breast phantom (with ground truth for BD) was simulated using a virtual clinical trial software (VICTRE). Low and high energy projection images of the phantom were simulated emulating the Siemens Mammomat Inspiration DBT system. DE decomposition was performed for each projection angle using a library of calibrated DE attenuation data for various combinations of breast thickness and glandularity. The resulted BD maps for all projection angles were used for simple-back-projection image reconstruction, and the dense regions for each image slice were segmented based on the reconstructed voxel values. This method was applied to clinical images from DE DBT acquisition after scatter correction. Our results show that DE decomposition provides consistent BD map for each projection angle and throughout the entire breast (including the periphery with thickness roll-off), and consistent measurements of the total breast volume, fibroglandular tissue volume and volumetric BD. The 3D segmented fibroglandular tissue map can be used to assess the masking risk for the DBT image volume.
Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications: Biomedical Microfluidic Devices 2019.

Microfluidic devices and systems are well-suited for the manipulation of biomolecules, cells, or particles [...]
Beyond militias and tribes : the facilitation of migration in Libya

Empirical research and data specific to the dynamics of the facilitation of migration and its actors in Libya are scant at best. Not only the country remains off-limits to most researchers given its security conditions: most research is based on the observations of a small number of people who have been allowed to carry out work in the country in the post-Ghaddafi era, and not on the interests and concerns of those who call Libya home. Most of this research has also failed to contextualise the facilitation of migration as part of the long standing, complex and community-based set of mobility strategies historically in place across North Africa, the Sahel and beyond. This case study outlines the dynamics of the practice known to states as migrant smuggling in Libya in the aftermath of the Ghaddafi regime. It draws from interviews carried out with law enforcement, border officials, ordinary citizens, migrants and people involved in the facilitation of their journeys into Europe in Italy, Tunisia and the border this country shares with Libya. Contributing to a small if growing body of scholarship, the case study argues that across Africa, the labelling of mobility facilitation strategies as migrant smuggling and their criminalisation responds to EU-dictated migration enforcement and control measures. Said measures have played a role in the levels and kinds of risks people face on the migration pathway. These include not merely violent smugglers configured into tribes and militias, as the security discourse often suggests. There is an urgent need to understand the facilitation of migration as an element of economic and social stability amid widespread marginalisation (one not only experienced by migrants, but also by those behind their journeys). Participation in the facilitation of migration has without exception proven to be an income generating strategy for vastly disenfranchised and impoverished communities and their members (including women and young people), while simultaneously providing the opportunities migrants need to continue or embark in their journeys. Granted, often unequal and abusive interactions emerge among these actors, putting human lives at risk. However they are derived from migration enforcement and control practices. Violence and abuse are not inherent traits to migration facilitators nor to migrants, who often perform migration facilitation tasks to advance their own journeys. Violence and precarity emerge in a context of increased surveillance and control. As a growing number of scholars argue, to refer to people’s mobility strategies along the lines of smuggling, trafficking or “modern day slavery” as it has occurred in the case of Libya is inaccurate and simplistic, for neither term reflects the complexities of people’s experiences, and obscures the vast continuum of strategies migrants and those behind their journeys employ in their attempts to achieve multiple kinds of mobility.
Inhibitory Central Amygdala Outputs to Thalamus Control the Gain of Taste Perception.

The survival of an animal critically depends on its ability to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid harmful substances. Although olfactory cues and visual information contribute to these processes, the taste system is ultimately responsible for recognizing and discriminating between the different
Association between Breast Cancer Screening Intention and Behavior in the Context of Screening Cessation in Older Women.

Breast cancer is the most common life-threatening cancer in women and mammography screening is an important intervention that can reduce breast cancer-related mortality and morbidity.1 Not surprisingly, numerous studies have aimed at promoting the adoption of breast cancer screening.2–7 Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which posits that intention is the most important and proximal predictor of behavior,8 studies have found moderate association between breast cancer screening intention and receipt of screening,2,3 and a number of interventions have targeted screening intention as the outcome.4–7 All of these studies focused on increasing screening rates. More recently, there is growing recognition that among women aged 75 and older, the harms and burdens of routine mammography screening may outweigh the benefits.9–11 Therefore, the National Cancer Institute and others have called for interventions to reduce overuse and address screening cessation in older women.12 Screening cessation after decades of participation is likely different than the decision to initiate screening and it is not known how older women’s screening intentions relate to screening behavior in the context of de-implementing screening. Given that it can take years and significant resources to learn if an intervention leads to a reduction in overuse of mammography screening in older women, we aimed to examine among women aged 75 and older if lower intentions to be screened predicts lower screening rates in the context of screening cessation.
Why New Issues and High-Accrual Firms Underperform: The Role of Analysts’ Credulity

We find that analysts' forecast errors are predicted by past accounting accruals (adjustments to cash flows to obtain reported earnings) among both equity issuers and nonissuers. Analysts are more optimistic for the subsequent four years for issuers reporting higher issue-year accruals. The predictive power is greater for discretionary accruals than nondiscretionary accruals and is independent of the presence of an underwriting affiliation. Predicted forecast errors from accruals significantly explain the long-term underperformance of new issuers. The predictability of forecast errors among nonissuers suggests that analysts' credulity about accruals management more generally contributes to market inefficiency. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Endometrial Cancer Tumor Pathology

Obesity is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer and is thought to adversely affect outcomes. The impact of significant and sustained weight loss as achieved by bariatric surgery for women with endometrial cancer is not well understood. We performed an institutional retrospective review of patients who underwent bariatric surgery and were diagnosed with premalignant or malignant uterine disease from 1989 to 2019 (n=171). We compared tumor characteristics and cancer-specific outcomes in patients diagnosed with uterine disease before (“PRE” group) or after (“POST” group) undergoing bariatric surgery and in a BMI- and age-matched cohort who did not undergo bariatric surgery. Of the 171 patients, 120 were in the PRE group and 51 in the POST group. The POST group was more likely to have adenocarcinoma (68.6 vs 45.0%, p=0.012) and more likely to have a minimally invasive hysterectomy (80.9 vs 46.2%, p<0.001). Post-bariatric surgery weight loss was similar between the two groups. In women with malignant disease, tumor grade and pathology were similar in the PRE and POST groups. The 5-year overall survival was 98% in the PRE group and 77.8% in the POST group (p=0.016). However, 5-year overall survival was statistically similar in both PRE and POST groups compared to a matched cohort who did not undergo bariatric surgery. In this study, we did not detect an impact of bariatric surgery on endometrial cancer pathology or disease survival. Larger, multi-center studies are needed to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery status and cancer outcomes.
Development of a Cost Optimization Algorithm for Food and Flora Waste to Fleet Fuel (F 4 )

As cities strive for more sustainable transportation systems, many are considering renewable fuels for fleets. Biogas has several advantages as an alternative fuel. Composed primarily of methane, it can be cleaned for use in natural gas vehicles or burned in a turbine/engine to generate electricity for electric vehicles. Biogas can reduce air pollutant emissions from fleet vehicles; in addition, if wastes are used to produce the biogas in digesters, the problem of urban wastes is reduced. Many cities already have anaerobic digesters that convert sewage sludge at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) to biogas. Because of its abundance in landfilled waste (22%), food waste is of current critical concern to the US Environmental Protection Agency. Yard (flora) waste comprises an additional 7.8% of waste going to landfills. Both food and yard waste could be used to boost biogas production in WRRF digesters. One main question is: What WRRF locations with existing digesters are the best candidates to produce vehicle fuel from food/yard waste? In this paper, we present an optimization that balances trade-offs between food/yard waste transportation costs and capital/operating costs for expanding digesters. An example study is conducted for the City of Dallas, Texas.
Effect of different warm-up exercises of varying intensities on speed of leg movement.

Abstract The study was made to determine the effect that different warm-up exercises of varying intensities had on the speed of leg movement. The five warm-up exercises utilized were: related warm-ups of moderate and high intensities, unrelated warm-ups of moderate and high intensities, and a passive warm-up that consisted of a hot shower. The speed of leg movement was a score that was derived from three individual speed-of-leg-movement tests: one-foot tapping (measured horizontal abduction and adduction), two-foot tapping (measured flexion and extension), and leg circling (measured circumduction). The results of the study revealed that warming-up was significantly beneficial to the speed of leg movement. More specifically, the unrelated high intensity warm-up was the most beneficial to the speed of leg movement and the high intensity warm-up was more beneficial than the moderate intensity warm-up.
Cryogenic Thermal Studies on Terminations for Helium Gas Cooled Superconducting Cables

Abstract Details of the design of terminations for testing a superconducting DC monopole cable cooled with gaseous helium are presented. The termination design includes a liquid nitrogen chamber to reduce heat influx into the helium section through current leads. Thermal studies on the assembly of the two terminations and a 1 m or 30 m cable cryostat were performed at variable mass flow rates of helium gas. Measurements of temperature profile for the test system without the superconducting cable showed temperature rise between 5 K and 20 K depending on the mass flow rate. The temperature profile across the test system was used to estimate the heat load from different components of the system. Results with and without the liquid nitrogen in current lead section were compared to estimate the savings provided by the liquid nitrogen on the head of the helium circulation system. Suggestions for improving the design to enable fully gas cooled terminations are presented.
Non-Archimedean Nevanlinna theory in several variables and the non-Archimedean Nevanlinna inverse problem

Cartan’s method is used to prove a several variable, non-Archimedean, Nevanlinna Second Main Theorem for hyperplanes in projective space. The corresponding defect relation is derived, but unlike in the complex case, we show that there can only be finitely many non-zero non-Archimedean defects. We then address the non-Archimedean Nevanlinna inverse problem, by showing that given a set of defects satisfying our conditions and a corresponding set of hyperplanes in projective space, there exists a non-Archimedean analytic function with the given defects at the specified hyperplanes, and with no other defects. 1. History and Introduction Nevanlinna theory, broadly speaking, studies to what extent something like the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra holds for meromorphic functions. Unlike polynomials, transcendental meromorphic functions, in general, have infinitely many zeros. However, they have only finitely many zeros inside a disc of radius r. Therefore, in order to study the values of a meromorphic function, Nevanlinna theory associates to each meromorphic function f, three functions of r, the distance from the origin (for their precise definitions, see Nevanlinna [Ne 2]). The “characteristic” or “height” function Tf (r) measures the growth of f and should be thought of as the analogue of the degree of a polynomial. The “counting” function Nf (a, r) counts the number of times (as a logarithmic average) f takes on the value a in the disc of radius r. Finally, the “mean-proximity function” mf (a, r) measures how often, on average, f stays “close to” the value a on the circle of radius r. Nevanlinna proved two “main” theorems about these functions. The so-called “First Main Theorem” states that Tf(r) = mf (a, r) +Nf (a, r) +O(1), where the bounded term O(1) depends on f and a but not on r. This should be thought of as a substitute for the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra in the following sense. The First Main Theorem says that mf (a, r)+Nf (a, r) is essentially independent of the value a, and this is analogous to the fact that a polynomial takes on every finite value the same number of times counting multiplicity. The First Received by the editors October 14, 1995 and, in revised form, June 17, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11J99, 11S80, 30D35, 32H30, 32P05.
High Resolution Electron Spectrometry of Atoms

Electron spectrometry has been practiced under various conditions since it became a viable method in the 1960s for the study of the electronic structure and electron dynamics of free atoms. This technique, as an experimental tool, follows the dynamics of the electrons in the atom as they respond to an initial excitation, and the spectral resolution available depends on the conditions of the experiment. For example, in Auger electron spectrometry (AES), the determining instrumental factor dictating the overall resolution is the resolution of the electron energy analyzer for any mode of excitation, whether by photons, electrons, ions, or internal nuclear conversion. In electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS), or in (e,2e) electron spectrometry, which can be used to simulate photoionization, the resolution of the electron beam source is a second instrurnental factor to be considered. Similarly, in photoelectron spectrometry (PES), the resolution, or bandpass, of the photon source is one of the two basic instrumental factors which contribute to the overall resolution. In this chapter we discuss primarily electron spectrometry as it is practiced using synchrotron radiation as an excitation source (ESSR). Within this particular area, we will focus on the experimental results which have become available by taking advantage of the steady improvements which have been made over the years both in the electron spectrometer and in the photon source, with the most important advances having occurred more recently in the performance of the photon monochromators coupled to erectron storage rings.
The effect of low-level 60-Hz electromagnetic fields on human lymphoid cells: II. Sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines

Dividing human peripheral lymphocytes from 10 normal adults (5 males and 5 females) as well as lymphoid cell lines from patients with the chromosomal instability syndromes were exposed to low-level 60-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (EMF). The current density of the electrical field was 30 microA/cm2 while the strength of the magnetic field was either 1 or 2 gauss. The cytological endpoints measured included the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges per chromosome; the distribution of first-, second-, and third-division cells and chromosome breakage (lymphoblastoid cells only). No statistically significant differences, indicative of EMF effects were observed between the treated and control cells regarding SCE frequency, cell cycle progression or chromosome breakage.
Evidence for early induction of calmodulin gene expression in lymphocytes undergoing glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis

Glucocorticoid treatment of certain lymphoma cell lines and thymocytes activates a self-destructive pathway of programmed cell death referred to as apoptosis. Calcium and calmodulin (CaM) may be important signals in the apoptotic cascade because an early event is a sustained elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ and CaM inhibitors interfere with the death pathway. In the present study, expression of the CaM gene was examined during glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in WEHI7.2 lymphocytes. Steady state levels of CaM mRNA were increased up to 10-fold following a 4-6-h exposure of WEHI7.2 cells to 10(-6) M dexamethasone. This increase was mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor since the response was not observed in WEHI7.418, a variant line which does not express active glucocorticoid receptor. Induction of CaM mRNA was dose-dependent and highly specific for glucocorticoids, as other steroids were unable to elicit the response. A stringent cell specificity was also observed. Pretreatment of WEHI7.2 lymphocytes with cycloheximide did not interfere with dexamethasone-dependent increases in CaM mRNA levels, and studies with actinomycin D demonstrated that the stability of the transcript was not altered by hormone, Finally, a calmodulin inhibitor elicited a protective effect on WEHI7.2 cells following glucocorticoid exposure. These results indicate that CaM mRNA levels were hormonally controlled in WEHI7.2 lymphocytes and support the putative involvement of CaM in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.