cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ability of the chick wing bud to regulate positional disparity along the anterior-posterior axis.

Abstract When wedges of wing bud tissue are added to a host wing bud so there is positional disparity between graft and host, skeletal duplications result ( L. E. Iten and D. J. Murphy 1980) Dev Biol.75, 373–385 . The polarity of the duplications is predictable by the polar coordinate model, leading to the interpretation that the positional disparity caused the duplications. To determine whether positional disparity alone causes duplications, without the complication of added tissue, we rotated wedges of ectoderm and mesoderm around the proximodistal axis within the wing bud. Wedges measuring 200–800 μm along the distal edge were rotated 180° at stages 20–22, reversing the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes relative to the bud. This caused positional disparity, similar to that achieved by Iten and Murphy (1980), without the addition of tissue. We found that rotations involving no polarizing zone tissue produced normal wings or wings lacking some distal parts, as did rotations of tissue lying entirely within the polarizing zone. However, when polarizing zone mesoderm was displaced, so that polarizing and nonpolarizing tissues were juxtaposed, a majority of the operations produced polarized skeletal duplications. Our data demonstrate that positional disparity alone does not cause skeletal duplications in the chick wing bud, unless polarizing zone tissue is displaced. Further, these data demonstrate that the chick wing bud can regulate to form a normal wing skeleton in the face of large positional disparity, provided that the polarizing zone is not moved. Finally, our results may be explained by the action of the proposed polarizing morphogen on the displaced cells causing repolarization.
A Comparative Analysis of Flow Rates on the Outcome of Fiber Counts in Asbestos Sampling

Abstract Many contractors active in asbestos removal projects make use of the high flow rates (ca. 10–20 lpm) recommended by NIOSH's 7400 Method while utilizing the equipment and analytical methodology of P&CAM #239. This research was designed to evaluate the precision of sampling results using a flow rate of 15 lpm as compared to a more typical flow rate of 2 lpm under those conditions. Data was collected from a laboratory study and a field study for analysis. The laboratory study involved generating pure chrysotile asbestos into a one cubic meter chamber where it was sampled with 37-mm filters using both flow rates. Both sample types collected equal volumes to produce similar fiber densities on the filters. Twenty pairs of samples were collected in this comparative portion of the study. Concentration depletion rates during the sampling period were characterized by completing five trials where high flow samples were taken one after the other to remove the same total volume of air from the chamber as had ...
International Business Education Programs in American Schools: How They are ranked by Members of the Academy of International Business

The Academy of International Business members were polled to elicit their opinions of the relative quality of international business programs in American schools. They were also asked for their criteria.
Alliance Building versus Independent Action A Nonlinear Modeling Approach to Comparative International Stability

An important international security question is whether nations in an anarchic competitive world system are more likely to ensure their security by pursuing policies of complete independence or of alliance building. The question is addressed using the paradigm that “strong chaos” in an arms-race model is equivalent to crisis instability and war in the international system being modeled. Nonlinear recursion relation models of competitive arms procurement are constructed for independent arming and for alliance building policies in a world system of three symmetric nations. The results are that alliance building always preserves a peaceful world from perturbations in the relationships between the competing member states whereas independent courses of action may allow such perturbations to build up to strong chaos and presumably war.
Tactual Performance Test: internal consistency reliability of the memory and location scores.

Internal consistency reliabilities were computed for the Tactual Performance Test Memory and Location scores (N=602). After adjusting for unequal item difficulty, the reliabilities for Memory and Location were .69 and .79, respectively.
Dose proportionality of amrinone

Arminone was given to 18 healthy subjects in doses of 75, 150, and 225 mg in a randomized crossover design. Plasma levels were shown to rise in proportion to dose. The mean plasma AUC, extrapolated to infinite time, was determined for each dose level; the values obtained were 4, 8.18, and 12.35 μg · hr/ml for the 75-, 150-, and 225-mg doses. Mean maximum observed plasma concentrations were 1.03, 1.74, and 2.58 μg/ml. At higher doses the extrapolated AUC is more variable, but it is linear over the range of 0.73 to 3.81 mg/kg. The apparent first-order terminal elimination rate is not dose dependent and corresponds to a t½ of 3.85 hr. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 34, 190–194; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.151
Investigation into the efficacy of generating synthetic pathological oscillations for domain adaptation

In the ongoing investigation of integrating Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) into neuroscience, we present a paper that facilitates overcoming the two challenges preventing this integration. Pathological oscillations found in the human brain are difficult to evaluate because 1) there is often no time to learn and train off of the same distribution in the fatally sick, and 2) sinusoidal signals found in the human brain are complex and transient in nature requiring large data sets to work with which are costly and often very expensive or impossible to acquire. Overcoming these challenges in today's neuro-intensive-care unit (ICU) requires insurmountable resources. For these reasons, optimizing KDD for pathological oscillations so machine learning systems can predict neuropathological states would be of immense value. Domain adaptation, which allows a way of predicting on a separate set of data than the training data, can theoretically overcome the first challenge. However, the challenge of acquiring large data sets that show whether domain adaptation is a good candidate to test in a live neuro ICU remains a challenge. To solve this conundrum, we present a methodology for generating synthesized neuropathological oscillations for domain adaptation.
Electrochemically controlled reconstitution of immobilized ferritins for bioelectronic applications

Site-specific reconstituted nanoparticles were fabricated via electrochemically controlled biomineralization through the immobilization of biomolecules. The work reported herein includes the immobilization of ferritin with various surface modifications, the electrochemical biomineralization of ferritins with different inorganic cores, and the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen on the reconstituted Pt-cored ferritins. Protein immobilization on the substrate is achieved by anchoring ferritins with dithiobis-N-succinimidyl propionate (DTSP). A reconstitution process of site-specific electrochemical biomineralization with a protein cage loads ferritins with different core materials. The ferritin acts as a nano-scale template, a biocompatible cage, and a separator between the nanoparticles. This first demonstration of electrochemically controlled site-specific reconstitution of biomolecules provides a new tool for biomineralization and opens the way to produce the bio-templated nanoparticles by electrochemical control. The nanosized platinum-cored ferritins on gold displayed good catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, which is applicable to biofuel cell applications. This results in a smaller catalyst loading on the electrodes for fuel cells or other bioelectronic devices.
Spatial distribution of the free exciton gas in germanium

Abstract The spatial distribution of the free exciton gas in high purity germanium at 4.2 K has been measured below and above the threshold for liquid condensation. Below threshold, the distribution is in agreement with a simple diffusion model, where the diffusion length is 0.316±0.032 mm. Above threshold, the gas density is constant inside the liquid cloud, and the gas diffuses with a characteristic length 0.398±0.040 mm outside the cloud.
Development of a Flow Injection Analysis System Utilizing Piezoelectric Crystals for the Determination of Cyanide Employing Small Sample Sizes

Abstract The measurement of cyanide, by an analytical method which can be performed in a routine and timely manner, remains a pressing problem. In our present research, selective reaction chemistry has been used to develop an indirect measurement of cyanide. Cyanide containing samples are reacted with the metallic gold electrode of a piezoelectric crystal. This results in the formation of a soluble dicyano-gold complex. The resulting loss of gold is detected by the piezoelectric crystal as a resonant frequency change. The system has been configured into a flow injection analysis array for simple adaptation to automation. The developed detection system provides rapid cyanide determinations with little sample preparation or instrument supervision. Sample sizes as low as 10 μl were implemented. Data are presented to illustrate the features of this method.
Angular dependence of superconductivity in superconductor/spin-valve heterostructures

We report measurements of the superconducting transition temperature, ${T}_{c}$, in CoO/Co/Cu/Co/Nb multilayers as a function of the angle $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ between the magnetic moments of the Co layers. Our measurements reveal that ${T}_{c}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ is a nonmonotonic function, with a minimum near $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{\pi}/2$. Numerical self-consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations quantitatively and accurately describe the behavior of ${T}_{c}$ as a function of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and layer thicknesses in these superconductor/spin-valve heterostructures. We show that experimental data and theoretical evidence agree in relating ${T}_{c}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ to enhanced penetration of the triplet component of the condensate into the Co/Cu/Co spin valve in the maximally noncollinear magnetic configuration.
Opposing roles of Dnmt1 in early- and late-stage murine prostate cancer

Previous studies have shown that tumor progression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model is characterized by global DNA hypomethylation initiated during early-stage disease and locus-specific DNA hypermethylation occurring predominantly in late-stage disease. Here, we utilized Dnmt1 hypomorphic alleles to examine the role of Dnmt1 in normal prostate development and in prostate cancer in TRAMP. Prostate tissue morphology and differentiation status was normal in Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice, despite global DNA hypomethylation. TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice also displayed global DNA hypomethylation, but were characterized by altered tumor phenotype. Specifically, TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice exhibited slightly increased tumor incidence and significantly increased pathological progression at early ages and, conversely, displayed slightly decreased tumor incidence and significantly decreased pathological progression at advanced ages. Remarkably, hypomorphic Dnmt1 expression abrogated local and distant site macrometastases. Thus, Dnmt1 has tumor suppressor activity in early-stage prostate cancer, and oncogenic activity in late stage prostate cancer and metastasis. Consistent with the biological phenotype, epigenomic studies revealed that TRAMP; Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice show dramatically reduced CpG island and promoter DNA hypermethylation in late-stage primary tumors compared to control mice. Taken together, the data reveal a crucial role for Dnmt1 in prostate cancer and suggest that Dnmt1-targeted interventions may have utility specifically for advanced and/or metastatic prostate cancer.
GM-CSF–dependent, CD103+ dermal dendritic cells play a critical role in Th effector cell differentiation after subcutaneous immunization

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation and in the initiation of both protective and pathogenic immunity. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a DC growth factor critical for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and other autoimmune diseases, yet its mechanism of action in vivo is not fully defined. We show that GM-CSF is directly required for the accumulation of radiosensitive dermal-derived langerin+CD103+ DCs in the skin and peripheral lymph nodes under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Langerin+CD103+ DCs stimulated naive myelin-reactive T cells to proliferate and produce IFN-γ and IL-17. They were superior to other DC subsets in inducing expression of T-bet and promoting Th1 cell differentiation. Ablation of this subset in vivo conferred resistance to EAE. The current report reveals a previously unidentified role for GM-CSF in DC ontogeny and identifies langerin+CD103+ DCs as an important subset in CD4+ T cell–mediated autoimmune disease.
Human anti-plague monoclonal antibodies protect mice from Yersinia pestis in a bubonic plague model.

Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of plague that has killed more than 200 million people throughout the recorded history of mankind. Antibiotics may provide little immediate relief to patients who have a high bacteremia or to patients infected with an antibiotic resistant strain of plague. Two virulent factors of Y. pestis are the capsid F1 protein and the low-calcium response (Lcr) V-protein or V-antigen that have been proven to be the targets for both active and passive immunization. There are mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the F1- and V-antigens that can passively protect mice in a murine model of plague; however, there are no anti-Yersinia pestis monoclonal antibodies available for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in humans. We identified one anti-F1-specific human mAb (m252) and two anti-V-specific human mAb (m253, m254) by panning a naive phage-displayed Fab library against the F1- and V-antigens. The Fabs were converted to IgG1s and their binding and protective activities were evaluated. M252 bound weakly to peptides located at the F1 N-terminus where a protective mouse anti-F1 mAb also binds. M253 bound strongly to a V-antigen peptide indicating a linear epitope; m254 did not bind to any peptide from a panel of 53 peptides suggesting that its epitope may be conformational. M252 showed better protection than m253 and m254 against a Y, pestis challenge in a plague mouse model. A synergistic effect was observed when the three antibodies were combined. Incomplete to complete protection was achieved when m252 was given at different times post-challenge. These antibodies can be further studied to determine their potential as therapeutics or prophylactics in Y. pestis infection in humans.
Psychological Well-Being and Family Environment of Siblings of Children with Life Threatening Illness

Abstract Background: The psychological well-being of siblings of children with life threatening illness remains largely uncharted. Pediatric cancer research suggests that a supportive family environment may protect the psychological well-being of siblings. Objective: We hypothesized that (1) siblings of pediatric palliative care patients would show clinical/behavioral scores that were elevated but that rates of serious psychopathology would be comparable to the general population of children their age; and (2) higher family functioning scores would be associated with lower clinical scores and higher adaptive scores for these siblings. Methods: We conducted an observational study with families in which a patient receiving palliative care had one or more siblings between the ages of 6 and 11. Parents completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) to assess the siblings' psychological well-being and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) to assess the family environment. Results...
Modified 3-Spline Method for Evaluating the Euler Digamma Function

The modified k splines are introduced. A simple linear model results from applying a variational principle to a modified 3-spline approximation of Φ′ on [1,2]. An approximation of Φ is obtained analytically by integration. The coefficients needed to use this approximate method are tabulated.
Changing the charge of engineering education - preparing students for the global work place through an integrated international dual degree curriculum

Reacting to the work force demands of Rhode Island companies whose innovation processes have moved from the local to the global level, and whose around-the clock business transactions increasingly require a multilingual management and workforce, the University of Rhode Island created a pioneering five year dual degree program which allows students to simultaneously pursue a B.S. in an engineering discipline and a B.A. in Chinese, French, German or Spanish. The 4th year offers a mandatory year-long immersion abroad, the first semester spent studying at one of URI's technical partner universities, the second by applying the theoretical and linguistic skills acquired in the classrooms at home and abroad by interning for a company in China, France, Germany or Spain. Graduates of this program are in high demand with companies who are dependent on the ability of global interconnected teams from the U.S., Asia, and Europe to work together smoothly and efficiently in order to keep up every-day operations and to stay ahead of competitors.
Derivation of an amino acid similarity matrix for peptide:MHC binding and its application as a Bayesian prior

Background: Experts in peptide:MHC binding studies are often able to estimate the impact of a single residue substitution based on a heuristic understanding of amino acid similarity in an experimental context. Our aim is to quantify this measure of similarity to improve peptide:MHC binding prediction methods. This should help compensate for holes and bias in the sequence space coverage of existing peptide binding datasets. Results: Here, a novel amino acid similarity matrix (PMBEC) is directly derived from the binding affinity data of combinatorial peptide mixtures. Like BLOSUM62, this matrix captures well-known physicochemical properties of amino acid residues. However, PMBEC differs markedly from existing matrices in cases where residue substitution involves a reversal of electrostatic charge. To demonstrate its usefulness, we have developed a new peptide:MHC class I binding prediction method, using the matrix as a Bayesian prior. We show that the new method can compensate for missing information on specific residues in the training data. We also carried out a large-scale benchmark, and its results indicate that prediction performance of the new method is comparable to that of the best neural network based approaches for peptide:MHC class I binding. Conclusion: A novel amino acid similarity matrix has been derived for peptide:MHC binding interactions. One prominent feature of the matrix is that it disfavors substitution of residues with opposite charges. Given that the matrix was derived from experimentally determined peptide:MHC binding affinity measurements, this feature is likely shared by all peptide:protein interactions. In addition, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the matrix as a Bayesian prior in an improved scoring-matrix based peptide:MHC class I prediction method. A software implementation of the method is available at: http://www.mhc-pathway.net/smmpmbec.
Hints on how to improve mathematics instruction

Teaching mathematics to prepare effectively students toward the achievement of their potential requires an understanding of what helps them learn and the adoption of innovative tools that exploit the existing technology in the classroom. The need to account for students’ abilities and weaknesses in designing a lecture and inspire them is at the basis of a proper teaching strategy aimed at acquiring high competency in mathematics tailored to their needs and at recruiting students to scientific disciplines and in engineering. The adoption of mathematical software integrated with the lectures and the use of interactive teaching tools are important modifications needed to reach this objective.
Calibration of a satellite infrared radiometer

The calibration procedure is described for a two-channel imaging radiometer on board the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission, a single sensor satellite in a near polar orbit. The Heat Capacity Mapping Radiometer measures radiation temperature and reflectivity with an instantaneous FOV of 600 m and a noise equivalent temperature of 0.4 K at 280 K in the thermal IR channel. Unexplained changes in the system during satellite launch were treated through comparison with surface/atmosphere data to force agreement. This necessitated an offset from the prelaunch calibration by 5.5 K. Later comparisons showed no difference. Possible explanations are described.
Developmental Abnormalities Associated with a Ring Chromosome 6

A clinical and cytogenetic report is made of a patient with microcephaly, peculiar facies, and retardation of physical and mental development, who possesses a karyotype containing a ring chromosome No. 6 identified by Q-staining with quinacrine mustard. This is the first report of a ring autosome in the C group to be identified. Comparison with other patients reported as having C-group autosomal rings failed to reveal many common phenotypic characteristics.
Evaluation of social media use by emergency medicine residents and faculty

Results: We received 1,314 responses: 63% of respondents were male, 40% were <30 years of age, 39% were between the ages 31 and 40, and 21% were older than 40. The study group consisted of 772 residents and 542 faculty members (15% were program directors, 21% were assistant or associate PDs, 45% were core faculty, and 19% held other faculty positions. Fortyfour percent of respondents completed residency more than 10 years ago. Residents used SM markedly more than faculty for social interactions with family and friends (83% vs 65% [p<0.0001]), entertainment (61% vs 47% [p<0.0001]), and videos (42% vs 23% [p=0.0006]). Residents used Facebook™ and YouTube™ more often than faculty (86% vs 67% [p<0.001]; 53% vs 46% [p=0.01]), whereas residents used Twitter™ (19% vs 26% [p=0.005]) and LinkedIn™ (15% vs 32% [p<0.0001]) less than faculty. Overall, residents used SM sites more than faculty, notably in daily use (30% vs 24% [p<0.001]). For professional use, residents were most interested in its use for open positions/hiring (30% vs 18% [p<0.0001]) and videos (33% vs 26% [p=0.005]) and less interested than faculty with award postings (22% vs 33% [p<0.0001]) or publications (30% vs 38% [p=0.0007]). Conclusion: EM residents and faculty have different patterns and interests in the personal and professional uses of social media. Awareness of these utilization patterns could benefit future educational endeavors.
Abamectin Resistance Potential in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Twelve field-collected populations of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), were examined for resistance to dietary abamectin at 40 ppm. Half of these populations had significantly increased resistance ratios compared with the VPI-susceptible strain, but the highest value was only 2.4. Feeding inhibition was variable but nevertheless pronounced in all 12 strains. Feeding-choice tests with two strains revealed that each strain consumed treated and untreated food about equally. Mortality was reduced in both strains. Cross-resistance from cyclodiene resistance was not found. Low-level selections with abamectin did not result in increased resistance. Whereas resistance to abamectin does not appear to be a problem at present, two potential resistance mechanisms were identified and are discussed briefly.
Prenatally Diagnosed Intra-abdominal Mass in a Newborn

A term male infant has a large, prenatally diagnosed intra-abdominal mass (Fig. 1) Figure 1. Fetal ultrasonography at 36-4/7 weeks shows a right renal mass. ### Prenatal History ### Birth History Initial physical examination reveals a nondysmorphic, appropriate-for-gestational-age infant who has a large, firm, right intra-abdominal mass extending from the right costal margin to the pelvic brim and past the midline. Respirations are shallow due to mass effect, and the infant is started on nasal cannula oxygen. Bilateral hydroceles are present. The remainder of the examination findings are normal. Complete blood count results are within normal limits. The basic chemistry panel shows a calcium concentration of 13.5 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) and an ionized calcium concentration of 6.4 mg/dL (1.6 mmol/L). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine values are normal at 11 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) and 0.71 mg/dL (62.8 mmol/L), respectively. A long chest radiograph reveals a space-occupying right-sided mass with left-shifted viscera and lung underinflation. Abdominal ultrasonography shows a solid, ovoid 9x10-cm mass in the right renal fossa, with no visible kidney structure or ureter. The left kidney, ureter, and bladder appear normal, and …
Air-suspended High-Q Ring Microcavities with Scatterer-Avoiding “Wiggler” Supermode Fields

We demonstrate air-suspended high-Q ring resonators based on multimode Bloch matching and resultant scatterer-avoiding “wiggler” supermode field. Device designs are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator and undercut to form air-suspended structures with measured Q’s up to 139,000.
Other Syndromic Disorders of the Growing Spine

Many genetic syndromes produce early-onset spine deformities, due to disorders of structure and balance. Common themes in the management of all of these disorders include evaluation of the entire spine, and awareness of the unique challenges of each syndrome in other systems. Bracing has a limited role in these syndromes. However, growth-friendly surgery may be successful in maintaining appropriate trunk growth and balance.
Renal vascular hypertension does not lead to hyperinsulinemia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The effect of renal vascular hypertension on blood pressure and plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentration was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Three weeks after the induction of renal artery sterosis, mean (+/- SEM) blood pressure was significantly greater (153 +/- 3 v 117 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than .001) compared with that in sham-operated rats. However, the two groups were similar in terms of plasma glucose (140 +/- 3 v 140 +/- 2 mg/dL), insulin (27 +/- 3 v 23 +/- 2 microU/mL), and triglyceride (89 +/- 8 v 95 +/- 6 mg/dL) concentrations. Furthermore, blood pressure increased to a similar degree in the two groups of rats (22 +/- 4 v 24 +/- 2 mm Hg), as did plasma insulin (47 +/- 5 v 44 +/- 4 microU/mL) and triglyceride (407 +/- 50 v 381 +/- 46 mg/dL) concentrations, after 2 weeks of a high-fructose diet. These data indicate that experimental induction of renal vascular hypertension in normal rats was not associated with an increase in either plasma insulin or triglyceride concentration. Furthermore, the response of rats with renal vascular hypertension to a high-fructose diet was similar to that of the sham-operated group. These data support the view that hypertension, per se, does not lead to hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia in normal rats.
Abstract CN02-01: Is it too late or too little? Prevention through physical activity

Physical activity is one of the leading ways to prevent cancer with estimates concluding 30% of cancers in the US could be improved through improvements to diet, obesity and exercise behaviors. Despite the cancer and other chronic disease benefits from physical activity, the majority of the US population remains inactive. Efforts to implement cancer prevention through physical activity are met with questions about the specifics of the relation between physical activity and cancer: Everyone? How much? How hard? Evidence is accumulating that physical activity across the lifecourse is important for cancer prevention. In addition to reducing risk of colon cancer by more than 20%, physical activity also reduces risk of colon polyps. Lifetime physical activity levels are consistently related to several cancers. Adolescent physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. This epidemiologic evidence has important policy implications as school physical education classes and class time are being reduced. Research has also suggested that physical activity may have less effect on cancer risk among population subgroups including obese individuals for some cancers. While the physical activity guidelines recommend 30 minutes of moderate activity each day, they also suggest more is better. However, health promotion and behavioral science research has had only modest success at achieving sustained physical activity levels through intervention. We will review data on whether some benefit can be achieved at lower levels or how much greater the risk reduction may be at higher levels. This is particularly important in light of research indicating that sedentary time is, independent of physical activity level, associated with an elevated risk of several cancers. Together, this data has pushed prevention messaging in the direction of “do something” instead of “do more.” While the risks of sedentary behavior are important, such messages may detract from research suggesting that for some cancers, such as prostate, participation in vigorous physical activity may be necessary to see a reduction in risk. The benefits of physical activity for cancer prevention are well known. However, the message may need more refinement in light of emerging evidence on the timing, intensity and duration of activity necessary to reduce risk of specific cancers. Citation Format: Kate Y. Wolin. Is it too late or too little? Prevention through physical activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr CN02-01.
Immunologic Studies of Hemoglobins: I. The Production of Antihemoglobin Sera and Their Immunologic Characteristics

1. Antisera to hemoglobin solutions obtained from normal adult, cord blood and sickle cell anemia erythrocytes have been prepared by immunizing rabbits with adjuvant mixtures. Furthermore, anti F hemoglobin sera have been similarly prepared by using purified fetal hemoglobin. A species specific anti guinea pig hemoglobin serum was also developed. 2. Although anti F hemoglobin sera appear to be specific for fetal hemoglobin, no such immunologic specificity could be detected between anti A and anti SCA sera obtained from rabbits. 3. It is suggested that sera prepared by using hemoglobin solutions obtained from normal and sickle cell anemia erythrocytes may contain anti F antibodies in addition to anti A and anti S precipitins and that fetal hemoglobin may be present in many human adult blood specimens.
Analytical model of well injectivity improvement using nanofluid preflush

Abstract This paper evaluates nanoparticle preflush to prevent the decline of well injectivity due to fines migration near the wellbore in oil & gas production, or wastes disposal fields. Nanoparticles pre-coated on the rock grains in 1-D porous medium is one of common approaches to prevent the migration of fine particles in reservoirs. In this paper, the positive contributions of nanoparticles to reduce fines migration are hypothesized as the increase of the maximum particles retention capacity of the host rocks due to reduction of repulsive force between nanoparticles-coated rock grains and fine particulates. By applying method of characteristics, series of analytic particles suspension flow solutions considering fine particles attachment/detachment and particles straining effects are developed for the cases of nanoparticles preflush and two different reference scenarios attributed to content of clay fines in host reservoirs. In comparison of experimental effluent particles concentration history and permeability reduction results, the accuracy of analytical solutions and the proposed theory of nanoparticles affecting fines migration are validated. In addition, the suspended, attached, and strained particle concentration profiles along the 1-D model are compared to indicate the different transport phenomenon of fine particles with or without nanoparticles preflush. Permeability impairment and an associated increase of injection pressure drop (assuming a constant injection rate) are characterized using injection index. The performance of nanoparticles to reduce fines migration and improve well injectivity are evaluated using mitigation index. The analytical solutions explain well how effectively nanoparticles can prevent the decline of permeability and well injectivity through the fixation of mobile fine particles. In practice, the series of analytical solution and hypothesized theory in this paper provide simple and quantitative approach to evaluate and optimize performance of nanoparticles pre-flush to sustain well injectivity for diverse applications.
Clock Data Compensation Aware Digital Circuits Design for Voltage Margin Reduction

Tolerating timing error due to power supply noise (PSN) in digital circuits can be done with adding voltage margins. Conservative addition of voltage margins leads wastes of power reducing the battery life in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This paper aims to provide guidelines to avoid over-design due to PSN especially for the low-cost IoT devices. To this end, we first present an accurate time-domain behavioral model of timing slack variation due to PSN accounting for the clock-data compensation. The accuracy of the model is verified against SPICE for complex designs, including AES engine and LEON3 processor. To prove the effectiveness of our model for reducing voltage margin, we utilize our model in standard VLSI design flow for various examples, such as timing slack versus noise frequency analysis, determining optimal value of an on-die capacitor, analyzing the effects of time borrowing technique, and PVT variation simulations. The analysis shows that the model helps reduce pessimism in estimated timing slack.
Bipolar Disorder in Nursing Homes: Impact on Antipsychotic Use, Diagnosis Patterns, and New Diagnoses in People with Dementia

Objectives Nursing home quality measures include the proportion of residents who receive antipsychotics. Residents with bipolar disorder are included even though antipsychotics are FDA-approved for this indication. We evaluated how including residents with bipolar disorder impacted the antipsychotic use quality measure for long-stay residents. We evaluated the agreement of minimum data set (MDS) bipolar disorder diagnoses with Medicare data, whether dementia was diagnosed before bipolar disorder, and how less-specific bipolar disorder diagnoses impacted findings. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Nursing homes in Iowa. Participants 21,955 long-stay nursing home residents in the first quarter of 2014. Measurements We identified antipsychotic use and bipolar disorder using MDS data. We compared MDS bipolar disorder diagnoses with Chronic Conditions Warehouse (CCW) "ever" bipolar disorder indicators, and prior year claims. We compared CCW condition onset dates to identify bipolar disorder diagnosed after dementia. Results The mean (SD) proportion receiving antipsychotics was 19.6% (11.1%) with bipolar disorder and 18.3% (10.8%) without. The positive predictive value (PPV) of MDS bipolar disorder diagnoses was 80.2% versus CCW lifetime indicators, and 74.6% versus claims. PPV decreased by 27.1% when "bipolar disorder, unspecified" and "other bipolar disorders" diagnoses were excluded. Nearly three-quarters of residents with bipolar disorder had dementia. Over half of those with dementia had dementia first per CCW records. This proportion was lower among those with more specific bipolar disorder diagnoses or MDS bipolar disorder indicators. Conclusions Bipolar disorder in nursing home residents is often first diagnosed after dementia using nonspecific diagnoses. This practice deserves further evaluation.
A three-year survey of Florida packinghouses to determine microbial loads on pre- and post-processed tomatoes

Abstract Prevention of microbial cross-contamination during postharvest handling is an important step to minimize microbial food safety hazards of produce. Dump tanks and flume systems are widely used in many states (e.g., Florida) to transfer/wash tomatoes, and are one of the most critical points where cross-contamination may occur. This study presents data gathered over three years (2013, 2014, and 2015) on tomatoes collected from five growing regions in Florida to evaluate the risk associated with postharvest processing of tomatoes in commercial packinghouses. A total of 840 and 839 composite samples, from pre- and post-processed tomatoes, respectively, were analyzed for aerobic plate count (APC), and total coliforms (TC) and generic E. coli (EC). The least square mean (LSM) value of APC for all samples (both pre- and post-processed) was 6.0 log CFU/tomato (n = 840), whereas the LSM for TC counts was 4.1 log CFU/tomato (n = 839). Ninety-one (10.8%) and 820 (97.7%) out of 839 samples of post-processed samples had TC and generic EC counts below the detection limit of 1.3 log CFU/tomato, respectively. APC and TC counts in post-processed samples were significantly lower (p
Patient-Bed Allocation in Large Hospitals

General Background. Allocating patients to beds is an everyday task in hospitals, which is first of all driven by total bed capacity, patient compatibility, fluctuations in lengths of stay (LOS), and emergency arrival rates. Historically speaking, hospitals managed their patient-bed allocations on a first-come first-serve basis. In addition, wards were typically dedicated to single departments with head nurses and doctors managing actual patient-bed-assignment. To ensure profitability, occupancy levels have to be held high to ensure high utilization of hospital resources. High occupancy rates however, greatly increase the probability of overflow situations which require disproportionate amounts of additional organizational work. This holds especially true for large maximum-care hospitals, which by definition are obligated to treat all incoming patients and have to deal with a lot of uncertainty due to a high share of emergency patients.
Cofilin Knockdown Attenuates Hemorrhagic Brain Injury-induced Oxidative Stress and Microglial Activation in Mice

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) resulting from the rupture of the blood vessels in the brain is associated with significantly higher mortality and morbidity. Clinical studies focused on alleviating the primary injury, hematoma formation and expansion, were largely ineffective, suggesting that secondary injury-induced inflammation and the formation of reactive species also contribute to the overall injury process. In this study, we explored the effects of cofilin knockdown in a mouse model of ICH. Animals given stereotaxic injections of cofilin siRNA, 72-h prior to induction of ICH by collagenase injection within the area of siRNA administration showed significantly decreased cofilin expression levels and lower hemorrhage volume and edema, and the animals performed significantly better in neurobehavioral tasks i.e., rotarod, grip strength and neurologic deficit scores. Cofilin siRNA knocked-down mice had reduced ICH-induced DNA fragmentation, blood-brain barrier disruption and microglial activation, with a concomitant increase in astrocyte activation. Increased expression of pro-survival proteins and decreased markers of oxidative stress were also observed in cofilin siRNA-treated mice possibly due to the reduced levels of cofilin. Our results suggest that cofilin plays a major role in ICH-induced secondary injury, and could become a potential therapeutic target.
Writing a natural language data base system

We present a model for processing English requests for information from a relational data base. The model has as its main steps (a) locating semantic constituents of a request; (b) matching these constituents against larger templates called concept case frames; (c) filling in the concept case frame using information from the user's request, from the dialogue context and from the user's responses to questions posed by the system; and (d) generating a formal data base query using the collected information. Methods are suggested for constructing the components of such a natural language processing system for an arbitrary relational data base. The model has been applied to a large data base of aircraft flight and maintenance data to generate a system called PLANES; examples are drawn from this system.
The Morphology of Binary Galaxies

We review the existing catalogs and major sources of data relevant to the morphology of pairs. Emphasis is on results from the Catalog of Isolated Pairs (CPG) authored by Karachentsev (1972). Sources of bias and uncertainty that are present in pair catalogs are discussed. We consider both: 1) Hubble component morphology and 2) pair interaction morphology. The results on the Holmberg effect and morphological concordance in pairs, as well as evidence for interaction-induced enhancements, are discussed.
Differenz- und vergleichende Kostenanalyse

Die Unternehmensleitung steht oft vor einer der folgenden Entscheidungen: Annahme oder Nichtannahme eines Auftrages, Steigerung, Minderung oder totale Einstellung der Herstellung gewisser Produkte, Wahl neuer Verkaufsgebiete oder Verkaufsmethoden, Aufwandserhohung fur Werbung, Preisminderung bei einem einzelnen Auftrag, Preisreduzierung in besonderen Marktsituationen, Eigenfertigung oder Fremdbezug, Ersetzung alter durch neue Maschinen (siehe nachstes Kapitel).
Heritability and genetic correlation: statistical power, population comparisons, and sample size.

The question of statistical power as it relates to estimates of heritability and genetic correlation, particularly with reference to population comparisons, is briefly discussed. Power tables (α=0.05) are presented for estimates of heritability and genetic correlation for four research designs (the regression of offspring on mid-parent values, the regression of offspring on single-parent values, the intraclass correlation of full sibs; and the intraclass correlation of half sibs) as a function of sample size. In addition, tables of statistical power for the comparison of heritabilities obtained from two different populations, using these four methodologies, are presented. These tables indicate that, for the study of a single population, 400 families of four members each is a sufficient sample to achieve a statistical power in excess of 95% for a heritability estimate of 0.20. However, in the comparison of heritabilities from two populations, 800 families of four members each, measured in each population, would be required to achieve equivalent statistical power for a difference in heritability of 0.20.
Synchronous Solutions of Delayed Neural Networks

We consider a network of identical neurons with delayed nearest neighborhood inhibitory interaction. We study conditions on the parameters that there exist synchronous equilibrium solutions. Over certain range of parameters, the trivial solution is the only synchronous equilibrium and every solution converges to it. Over some other ranges of parameters, there are three synchronous equilibria. Stabilities of these solutions are also investigated.
Bentham on asceticism and tyranny

In the late 1810s, Jeremy Bentham wrote a set of texts entitled Not Paul, But Jesus, arguing against the religious authority of St. Paul, and the principle of asceticism he propagated. This paper a...
Optical Combustion Monitoring In Fossil Energy Processes

Processes for the combustion and gasification of coal present challenging instrumenta-tion problems. The combination of high temperatures (2,000°-3,000°F), high pressure (100-1,000 psig), corrosive atmospheres, and erosive conditions create difficult sensor design and material problems. As advanced processes (e.g., entrained gasifiers) are pursued, sensors must fulfill additional performance requirements such as higher accuracy and faster response time in order to meet process safety and control needs. This paper is divided into two major sections. The first section provides background information on fossil energy processes. The second section describes a technique developed to enhance combustion spectroscopy by reducing the interference caused by blackbody radiation. This technique, named BLOC (Blackbody Observation and Cancellation), can reduce the effects of blackbody radiation by 20 dB or more. The two sections presented are: Section I -- Fossil energy background. Section II -- Combustion emission line spectroscopy.
Introduction to self, motivation and virtue studies

We introduce a special issue of articles that emerged from teams of interdisciplinary researchers, social scientists and philosophers, who were funded under the auspices of the Self, Motivation and...
Significant improvement of miRNA target prediction accuracy in large datasets using meta-strategy based on comprehensive voting and artificial neural networks.

Identifying mRNA targets of miRNAs is critical for studying gene expression regulation at the whole-genome level. Multiple computational tools have been developed to predict miRNA:mRNA interactions. Nonetheless, many of these tools are developed in various small datasets, which each represent a limited sample space. Thus, the prediction accuracy of these tools has not been systematically validated at a larger scale. Accordingly, comparing the prediction accuracy of these tools and determining their applicability become challenging. In addition, the accuracy of these tools, especially in large datasets, needs to be improved for broader applications. In this project, a large dataset containing more than 46,600 miRNA:mRNA interactions was assembled and split into eleven subsets based on the availability of prediction scores of four individual predictors, which are miRanda, miRDB, PITA, and TargetScan. In each of these subsets, the predictive results of four individual predictors were integrated using decision-tree based artificial neural networks to make the meta-prediction. The decision-tree is used here to sort the predictive results of four individual predictors, and artificial neural networks are applied to make meta-prediction based on the outputs of individual predictors. In the decision tree, dual-threshold and two-step significance-voting were incorporated, information gain was analysed to select threshold values. The prediction performance of this new strategy was improved significantly in most of the eleven datasets comparing to the individual predictors and other meta-predictors, such as ComiR, under multi-fold cross-validation, as well as in independent datasets. The overall improvement of prediction accuracy in independent datasets is at least 9 percentile points comparing to the other predictors, and the percentage of improvement of F1 and MCC scores is at least 40% compared to the other predictors. The combination of dual-threshold, two-step significance-voting, and analysis of information gain is very effective in optimizing the outcome of decision-tree, and further integration with artificial neural networks is critical for further improving the performance of meta-predictor. A new pipeline based on this integration for miRNA target prediction has been developed. A strategy using outputs of individual predictors to reorganize large-scale miRNA:mRNA interaction dataset has also been validated and used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of predictors. The predictor is available at: https://github.com/xueLab/mirTarDANN ).
A Gain-Embedded Meta-Mirror

We propose an active mirror structure based on a dielectric high-contrast grating reflector combined with optical gain. This structure is designed to be directly bonded to a thermal substrate for efficient heat removal, thus allowing semiconductor disk lasers with kW output power.