cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeletal role in differential adhesion patterns of normal fibroblasts and breast cancer cells inside silicon microenvironments

In this paper we studied differential adhesion of normal human fibroblast cells and human breast cancer cells to three dimensional (3-D) isotropic silicon microstructures and investigated whether cell cytoskeleton in healthy and diseased state results in differential adhesion. The 3-D silicon microstructures were formed by a single-mask single-isotropic-etch process. The interaction of these two cell lines with the presented microstructures was studied under static cell culture conditions. The results show that there is not a significant elongation of both cell types attached inside etched microstructures compared to flat surfaces. With respect to adhesion, the cancer cells adopt the curved shape of 3-D microenvironments while fibroblasts stretch to avoid the curved sidewalls. Treatment of fibroblast cells with cytochalasin D changed their adhesion, spreading and morphology and caused them act similar to cancer cells inside the 3-D microstructures. Statistical analysis confirmed that there is a significant alteration (P < 0.001) in fibroblast cell morphology and adhesion property after adding cytochalasin D. Adding cytochalasin D to cancer cells made these cells more rounded while there was not a significant alteration in their adhesion properties. The distinct geometry-dependent cell-surface interactions of fibroblasts and breast cancer cells are attributed to their different cytoskeletal structure; fibroblasts have an organized cytoskeletal structure and less deformable while cancer cells deform easily due to their impaired cytoskeleton. These 3-D silicon microstructures can be used as a tool to investigate cellular activities in a 3-D architecture and compare cytoskeletal properties of various cell lines.
Eye vessels saved by rescuing their pericyte partners.

High blood sugar can lead to diabetic retinopathy and subsequent blindness. Glucose is now found to quench a growth factor that keeps pericytes alive. Without these key support cells, the retinal vasculature degenerates (pages 1298–1306).
The Pigment of Egg Shell Membranes

Abstract THE shell membranes of white-shelled eggs usually show a distinct pink tinge, sometimes sufficiently intense as to create a pinkish coloration when the egg is candled. This coloration, when extreme, has probably led to some confusion in the commercial grading of eggs by candling, since it lends the egg an appearance of having a “pink white,” a type of storage deterioration which results when laying hens have access to malvaceous plants or products of these plants. (Lorenz and Almquist, 1934.) The pigment found in the mineral portion of egg shell has been identified as ooporphyrin (or protoporphyrin as Fischer (1923) has renamed it), but, so far as we know from a search of the literature, no attempt has been made to determine the chemical nature of the membrane pigment. In order to isolate this pigment in sufficient quantity for study, shells and their attached membranes from about 15 dozen White . . .
High-Efficiency CdTe Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells with an Ultra-Thin CuxTe Transparent Back-Contact

To fabricate a high-efficiency polycrystalline thin-film tandem cell, the most critical work is to make a high-efficiency top cell (>15%) with high bandgap (Eg=1.5-1.8 eV) and high transmission (T>70%) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. The CdTe cell is one of the candidates for the top cell, because CdTe state-of-the-art single-junction devices with efficiencies of more than 16% are available, although its bandgap (1.48 eV) is slightly lower for a top cell in a dual-junction device. In this paper, we focus on the development of an ultra-thin, low-bandgap CuxTe transparent back-contact to produce high-efficiency CdTe cells with high NIR transmission. We have achieved an NREL-confirmed 13.9%-efficient CdTe transparent solar cell with an infrared transmission of ~50% and a CdTe/CIS polycrystalline mechanically stacked thin-film tandem cell with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 15.3%.
Relationship of hyperglycemia and surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery.

The relationship between hyperglycemia and adverse orthopaedic surgical outcomes, such as infectious complications, has been described1. Many of these investigations have focused on patients with a history of diabetes mellitus. Uncontrolled diabetes is a significant risk factor for postoperative infection following total joint arthroplasty, spine procedures, and foot and ankle surgery2-4. However, nearly one-third of patients who are admitted to the hospital without a history of diabetes have hyperglycemia5, which is associated with longer hospital stay, higher rates of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and increased mortality6. Elevated perioperative serum blood glucose levels in general surgery patients increase the risk of postoperative infections, independent of diabetic status7,8. While the authors of numerous studies have investigated the effect of hyperglycemia in patients with critical illness9-12, few have commented on the impact of acute hyperglycemia in patients who are not in the ICU. The normal physiologic response to injury results in the alteration of endogenous hormone production and metabolites, including increased serum cortisol production, insulin resistance, and subsequent hyperglycemia13. Recent investigations suggest that a stress-induced hyperglycemic response following substantial trauma is strongly correlated with clinical outcome, even after consideration of age and injury severity14-16. Hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of infectious complications in nondiabetic orthopaedic trauma patients17. While substantial contributions regarding the topic of perioperative hyperglycemia and outcomes have been made to the general surgery literature, this topic remains largely overlooked in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycemia and surgical-site infection in a population of orthopaedic trauma patients without a history of diabetes. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia is a significant independent risk factor for surgical-site infection after controlling for open fractures.
Pleiotropic Skeletal and Ocular Phenotypes of the Mouse Mutation Congenital Hydrocephalus (ch/Mf1) Arise from a Winged Helix/Forkhead Transcription Factor Gene

Congenital hydrocephalus is an etiologically diverse, poorly understood, but relatively common birth defect. Most human cases are sporadic with familial forms showing considerable phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity. We have studied the autosomal recessive mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus ( ch ) to identify candidate human hydrocephalus genes and their modifiers. ch mice have a congenital, lethal hydrocephalus in association with multiple developmental defects, notably skeletal defects, in tissues derived from the cephalic neural crest. We utilized positional cloning methods to map ch in the vicinity of D13Mit294 and confirm that the ch phenotype is caused by homozygosity for a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor ( Mf1 ). Based on linked genetic markers, we performed detailed phenotypic characterization of mutant homozygotes and heterozygotes to demonstrate the pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene. Surprisingly, ch heterozygotes have the glaucoma-related distinct phenotype of multiple anterior segment defects resembling Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. We also localized a second member of this gene family ( Hfh1 ), a candidate for other developmental defects, approximately 470 kb proximal to Mf1.
Use of the Think Aloud Method to Examine Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Behaviors among Low-Income African American Women

The purpose of this report is to describe the development and implementation of the think aloud method in relation to fruit and vegetable purchasing behaviors of low-income African American mothers. Women (n = 70) were audiotaped as they thought aloud while selecting fruits and vegetables during a routine shopping trip. Audiotapes were transcribed, text was coded, and coded text was sorted using a database software program. Data were analyzed using content analysis procedures. The method was found to be useful in its ability to provide verbalization data for the majority of the women in the sample that reflected a typical shopping experience, were not excessively affected by the presence of the investigator, and captured information processing in relation to salient factors that influenced food purchasing decisions. Because a few women indicated that the method itself may have influenced behavior, future research is needed to test the reactivity of the think aloud method and its relationship to final choice of products.
Effect of Mutation of Proline 93 on Redox Unfolding/Folding of Bovine Pancreatic Ribonuclease A†

Both the reductive unfolding and oxidative regeneration of a P93A mutant and wild-type RNase A have been studied at 15 degrees C and pH 8.0. The rate of reduction of the 40--95 disulfide bond is accelerated about 120-fold by the P93A mutation, while the reduction of the 65--72 disulfide bond is not accelerated by this mutation (within the experimental error). Moreover, the reduction of native P93A to des[40--95] is about 10 times faster than the further reduction of the same des[40--95] species. These results demonstrate that the reduction of the mutant proceeds through a local unfolding event and provides strong support for our model in which the reduction of wild-type RNase A to the des species proceeds through two independent local conformational unfolding events. The oxidative regeneration rate of the P93A mutant is comparable to that of wild-type RNase A, suggesting that a cis 92--93 peptide group that is present in native wild-type RNase A and in native des[40--95], is not obligatory for the formation of the third (final) native disulfide bond of des[40--95] by reshuffling from an unstructured 3S precursor. Thus, the trans to cis isomerization of the Tyr92-Pro93 peptide group during the regeneration of wild-type RNase A may occur after the formation of the third native disulfide bond.
WHY THE HEAD? CRANIAL MODIFICATION AS PROTECTION AND ENSOULMENT AMONG THE MAYA

Recent attempts to study cranial modification have suggested that the practice was a part of embodiment and socialization among the Maya. Comparison of colonial and modern Maya childbirth and socialization practices supports these arguments. We suggest that the next question to be asked is: “Why was the head specifically targeted for modification among the Maya?” This paper argues that one of the motivations behind cranial modification among the Maya was to protect newborns from injury. We present evidence from colonial documents and ethnographic studies on midwifery showing that animating essences resided in the head and that newborns were particularly at risk for soul loss and injury from evil winds. Further we present data on metaphoric polysemy between the human body and houses to argue that newborn humans were much like newly constructed houses in their susceptibility and that both required ritual ensoulment. The construction of the house roof parallels cranial modification. This likely has parallels in Classic Maya times, with some temple dedications and the construction of vaulted roofs with capstones, and suggests that the need to guard against soul loss has pre-Columbian roots.
Allometric analysis reveals relatively little variation in nitrogen versus biomass accrual in four plant species exposed to varying light, nutrients, water and CO2

Nitrogen concentrations in plant tissues can vary as a function of resource availability. Altered rates of plant growth and development under varying resource availabilities were examined to determine their effects on changes in whole-plant N use efficiency (NUE). Three species of old-field annuals were grown at broadly varying light, nutrient and water levels, and four species at varying atmospheric concentrations of CO2. Study results show highly variable N accrual rates when expressed as a function of plant age or size, but similar patterns of whole-plant N versus non-N biomass accrual over a wide range of environmental conditions. However, severely light-limited plants showed increased N versus biomass accrual for two of three species, and severely nutrient-limited plants had decreased N versus biomass accrual for all species. Whole-plant N accrual versus age and N versus biomass accrual increased under saturating water for two of three species. A marginally significant, modest decrease in N versus biomass accrual was found at high CO2 levels for two of four species. Physiological adjustments in NUE, expressed as N versus biomass accrual, were limited to environments with severely limited or overabundant resources.
Automatic extraction of object-oriented component interfaces

Component-based software design is a popular and effective approach to designing large systems. While components typically have well-defined interfaces, sequencing information---which calls must come in which order---is often not formally specified.This paper proposes using multiple finite statemachine (FSM) submodels to model the interface of a class. A submodel includes a subset of methods that, for example, implement a Java interface, or access some particular field. Each state-modifying method is represented as a state in the FSM, and transitions of the FSMs represent allow able pairs of consecutive methods. In addition, state-preserving methods are constrained to execute only under certain states.We have designed and implemented a system that includes static analyses to deduce illegal call sequences in a program, dynamic instrumentation techniques to extract models from execution runs, and a dynamic model checker that ensures that the code conforms to the model. Extracted models can serve as documentation; they can serve as constraints to be enforced by a static checker; they can be studied directly by developers to determine if the program is exhibiting unexpected behavior; or they can be used to determine the completeness of a test suite.Our system has been run on several large code bases, including the joeq virtual machine, the basic Java libraries, and the Java 2 Enterprise Edition library code. Our experience suggests that this approach yields useful information.
The Relations of Learning and Grade Orientations to Academic Performance

This investigation assessed the roles of learning orientation (LO) and grade orientation (GO) in academic performance. Most important, we found that GO was negatively correlated with grade point av...
Musculoskeletal problems of instrumental musicians

Musculoskeletal problems are frequent among professional instrumental musicians as well as music students and serious amateurs. Typically they are the result of the confluence of many risk factors rather than of a single acute injury. These risk factors include the particular instrument, the musician's gender and individual physical characteristics such as hand size and joint properties, and the duration and intensity of playing. While most are medically not serious, almost all potentially have adverse affects on musicianship. Successful assessment and treatment selection and outcomes depend on an appreciation of the mechanics of playing each instrument along with a familiarity of the multiple risks of being a musician, including lifestyle issues.
A Conceptual Framework of Self-Advocacy for Students with Disabilities:

Based on a review of the literature and input from stakeholders, we developed a conceptual framework of self-advocacy involving four components: knowledge of self, knowledge of rights, communication, and leadership. This article summarizes the definitions and components of self-advocacy found in the literature that were used to develop this conceptual framework. The resulting framework of self-advocacy is designed to serve as a guide for instructional planning, curricular design, and assessment of self-advocacy for students with and without disabilities.
Realistic Expectations and Practical Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for the Endocrinologist

Context: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been available for type 1 diabetes for several years. This paper is a status report on our early experiences with this next technology. Evidence Acquisition: The two major sources of data acquisition included PubMed search strategies and personal experience of the author from clinical experience. Evidence Synthesis: Data assessing CGM accuracy, short-term outcomes (12 wk), and longer term outcomes (6 months) are reported. Potential strategies for successful and efficient use in an office or clinic setting are also discussed. Practical aspects of CGM use (alarm settings, using glycemic trending information) are also reviewed. Conclusions: Accuracy of this technology has improved in the short amount of time it has been available. Six-month data suggest that patient selection is a key for success. Patients who do not understand or practice the basics of intensive insulin therapy have the greatest challenges. Those who do best watch the receiver frequ...
Family Structure History and Teenage Cohabitation Instability, Socioeconomic Disadvantage, or Transmission?

This study uses data from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, from 8,019 adolescents and their mothers, to examine links between multiple dimensions of family structure and instability over adolescents’ life courses, family functioning, peer contexts, and teenage cohabitation. Investigated explanations include an instability model, socioeconomic-stress model, and intergenerational transmission. Results from logistic regression models link single-mother and stepfamily residence during adolescence to frequent family transitions, weakened maternal bonds, teenage dating, and, ultimately, teenage cohabitation. Moreover, single motherhood and maternal cohabitation fail to predict teenage cohabitation among those living in stable households. Individual poverty and residence in a neighborhood marked by family disruption account partially for the influence of single motherhood. In addition, maternal bonds moderate the influence of maternal cohabitation on adolescent cohab...
Total Cholinesterase Activity in Discrete Brain Regions and Retina of Normal Horses

2,3,5,7 Cholinesterase activity < 50% of normal has been associated with significant exposure to an anticholinesterase agent. Cholinesterase activity <25% of normal is considered indicative of severe poisoning. 5 Previous studies have demonstrated that cholinesterase activity differs among regions of the central nervous system. Miniature swine have twice the cholinesterase activity in the cerebellum as in the cerebral cortex. 6 The acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebral cortex is about two-thirds lower than that in the cerebellum of guinea pigs but is about the same in both regions for the rat and monkey. 1 In rabbits, the retina has lower acetylcholinesterase activity than do regions of the brain. The cerebellum, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe have similar activities, which are between those for the retina and those for the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe has acetylcholinesterase activity up to twice that of other regions of the brain. 4 Previous work 2,3,8 measuring cholinesterase activity was performed using homogenates of entire brains. However, when submitting samples from large animals such as horses and cows, it is common practice for the referring veterinarian to only submit part of the brain. Because cerebral tissue appears similar regardless of the area sampled, the diagnostician often does not know which part of the brain is being tested. Therefore, the cholinesterase activity of the sample could possibly differ from the normals established using whole brain even if the animal has not been exposed to an anticholinesterase agent. The purpose of this study was to measure the total cho
Fault-tolerant planning under uncertainty

A fault represents some erroneous operation of a system that could result from an action selection error or some abnormal condition. We formally define error models that characterize the likelihood of various faults and consider the problem of fault-tolerant planning, which optimizes performance given an error model. We show that factoring the possibility of errors significantly degrades the performance of stochastic planning algorithms such as LAO*, because the number of reachable states grows dramatically. We introduce an approach to plan for a bounded number of faults and analyze its theoretical properties. When combined with a continual planning paradigm, the k-fault-tolerant planning method can produce near-optimal performance, even when the number of faults exceeds the bound. Empirical results in two challenging domains confirm the effectiveness of the approach in handling different types of runtime errors.
The Role of Calcium Hydroxide in the Elastic and Viscoelastic Response of Cementitious Materials: A Nanoindentation and SEM-EDS Study

Calcium hydroxide (CH) typically comprises 20–25 % of the volume of ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste. CH is generally considered as an elastic phase that restrains the viscoelastic responses of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH). In this study, nanoindentation was used to study both the indentation modulus and the short-term viscoelastic responses of CSH/CH mixtures using an OPC paste made using a low water to cement ratio. A scanning electron microscope, equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, was used to identify the phase compositions in the matrix at the individual indentation locations. This study showed that CH increased both the indentation modulus and the contact creep modulus of the CSH/CH mixtures when compared with more pure CSH phases. However, such enhancement did not depend strongly on the volumetric concentration of CH. When the CH volume exceeded 20 %, no further enhancement of the indentation modulus and contact creep modulus was observed.
Hurricanes, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Development, and Hazard Mitigation Planning

The storm surge and subsequent catastrophic damage from Hurricane Katrina along parts of the Gulf of Mexico coastline [1,2] demonstrated that coastal communities are not prepared for geophysical events of such magnitude. Two worldwide trends-one biophysical and one societal-suggest an increasing potential for a repeat of the Katrina catastrophe. A significant biophysical trend is sea level rise associated with global climate change [3-7]. In addition to accelerated coastal erosion, ecosystem degradation, and saline intrusion, sea level rise will likely increase the inland penetration of hurricane storm surge [8-10]. A significant societal trend is the continuing development of low-lying coastal land that increases the amount of community assets in hazardprone areas [8-12]. These two trends, along with other biophysical and socioeconomic changes, are taking place simultaneously, thus placing multiple, often synergistic stresses on coastal communities [13].
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Peroxide Curing of Ethylene Elastomers

Four ethylene octene copolymers covering a range of 0.87-0.91 g/cc density and 0.5-30 melt index were crosslinked using 0.25-8.0 phr dicumyl peroxide and characterized by sol-gel analysis and dynamic viscometry in an RPA 2000 rheometer. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the peroxide initiation efficiency (45-57%) and scission/crosslinking ratio (0.10-0.26) were determined. After using these sol-gel results to calibrate the simulation, the simulation was used to predict and analyze the crosslinked network structure as a function of extent of peroxide reaction. From the simulation output, the RPA 2000 dynamic storage modulus was successfully modeled using a three component model comprised of: (a) an affine modulus contribution related to the number of elastically active chains; (b) a Pearson-Graessley trapped entanglement contribution related to the weight fraction of elastically active network chains and the plateau modulus (which was in turn related to copolymer composition through a polymer backbone weight fraction model); and (c) a relaxation modulus component related empirically to network defects. These results show how misleading curemeter (ODR, MDR, RPA) data can be without application of an appropriate analytical or simulation model for their interpretation, but also how useful, when appropriately analyzed, these data can be for developing a fundamental understanding of polymer structure-network-property relationships.
Competition and consumer choice in option demand markets

Abstract Two medical providers choose their geographic location and medical-care specialization, and then compete in prices under health insurance sales. When buying insurance consumers know their geographic address, but they do not know their preferred medical treatment before getting sick. Hence, consumers may desire buying access-options for both providers, although eventually attending only one. I show that location and product choices in such option demand markets greatly differ from those obtained for corresponding spot markets and may yields efficient, excessive, or insufficient level of consumer choice in terms of product differentiation and geographic dispersion.
Biosensing Platform Using Porous Silicon Microcavities

A label free optical biosensor consisting of a macroporous silicon microcavity has been demonstrated. This new biosensing platform allows the infiltration of large biological targets inside the sensor and significantly enhances the biosensing performance in protein-to-protein recognition and bacterial cells detection.
Composite Action Thresholds for the Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Fresh-market Cabbage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Various decision-making methods for controlling the complex of lepidopterous pests of cabbage, including Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and Plutella xylostella (L.), were evaluated in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas from October 1983 to March 1985. Large-scale tests in commercial cabbage fields demonstrated that an action threshold of 0.3 larvae per plant maintained damage below 1% of total harvested cabbage, similar to damage seen in conventionally scouted fields. On the average, two fewer insecticide applications were required in cabbage fields using the threshold of 0.3 larvae per plant compared with conventionally scouted fields. In small-plot tests, the action threshold of 0.3 larvae per plant and weekly pesticide applications resulted in equal yields. Both methods resulted in greater marketable yield than did either a damage-based threshold of one to three feeding sites per plant or no pesticide applications.
Synthesis of tetraphosphine macrocycles using copper(i) templates.

The synthesis of phosphine macrocycles is a relatively underdeveloped area and no standard synthetic routes have emerged. Accordingly, two general synthetic routes to tetradentate phosphine macrocycles were investigated. Both routes use Cu(I) ions as template ions because, unlike other metals such as Pd(II) and Pt(II), the Cu(I) ions can be removed from the macrocyclic complex without degrading the macrocycle ligand. The first route involves the coupling of two bidentate secondary phosphines bonded to Cu(I) using 1,3-dibromopropane or 1,4-dibromobutane. Using this route, tetradentate phosphine macrocycles with either –(CH2)3OCH3 or Ph groups bonded to the P atoms were synthesized. Macrocycle phosphines containing the –(CH2)3OCH3 groups were investigated for their potential water-solubility, but experiments showed these phosphines were not water soluble. The second synthetic route involved the alkylation of an open-chain, mixed tertiary-secondary, tetradentate phosphine coordinated to Cu(I). Following formation of the macrocyclic ligand, the Cu(I) template was removed by reaction with aqueous KCN to yield the free macrocyclic phosphine. This route was demonstrated for the preparation of the macrocyclic phosphine ligand 1,5,9,13-tetraphenyl-1,5,9,13-tetraphosphacycloheptadecane. Following demetallation, this macrocyclic ligand was coordinated to Fe(II) and Co(II) to form the corresponding macrocyclic phosphine complexes.
Radical Empathy in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway

This essay contends that Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway explores how a radical novelistic empathy might thaw the frozen paralysis that grips British society. Clarissa Dalloway's empathy is reserved most for the unbalanced, overly emotional character of Septimus Smith, yet less understood is the lifelong nature of her empathy: she is a habitual empathizer and has been her entire adult life. Critical opinion generally considers Clarissa's empathy for Septimus an exceptional moment that she experiences only in isolation. But her social inclination to bring others together makes this empathy possible. By recourse to Lewis Hyde's seminal work on the gift and Elaine Scarry's work on the ethics of perceiving beauty, I argue that, in kissing Clarissa, Sally Seton “transmits” her empathy and love of life to Clarissa, who in turn throughout her life passes it on to others who need help in their suffering, setting up communities of care that are represented by her party. Woolf wants us to attain a critical empathy for the author herself and her characters on the supratextual level yet also judge them according to the two-part process of empathetic reading outlined in her essay “How Should One Read a Book?”
Prevent and empower.

In an effort to short health care from ?diagnose and treat? to ?prevent and empower,? Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) launched the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, directed by Ronald M. Davis, MD, former chief medical officer of the Michigan Department of Public Health and former director of the Office on Smoking and Health at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He also headed up three Surgeon General's reports on smoking, including the 1988 report linking smoking to nicotine dependence.
Presidential Influence in an Era of Congressional Dominance

Research on presidential power focuses almost exclusively on the modern era, while earlier presidents are said to have held office while congressional dominance was at its peak. In this article, I argue that nineteenth-century presidents wielded greater influence than commonly recognized due to their position as head of the executive branch. Using an original dataset on the county-level distribution of U.S. post offices from 1876 to 1896, I find consistent evidence that counties represented by a president’s copartisans in the U.S. House received substantially more post offices than other counties, and that these advantages were especially large under divided government and in electorally important states. These results are robust across model specifications and when examining the Senate. The findings challenge key components of the congressional dominance and modern presidency theses, and have important implications for scholarship on interbranch relations, bureaucratic politics, and American political development.
Maturation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle.

The mechanisms underlying maturational changes in agonist-mediated airway contractility remain to be identified. Since the signal transduction process coupled to airway contraction involves the Ca(2+)-mobilizing action of the second messenger, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], the present study examined 1) whether Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to its intracellular receptor varies with age in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle (TSM), and 2) whether Ca2+ exerts a modulatory effect on Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor binding that is age dependent. [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding was assayed in crude TSM membrane preparations isolated from 2-week-old and adult rabbits. Monophasic Scatchard plots were obtained, reflecting a single binding site, with Hill coefficients of 0.988-0.996. The mean +/- SE values for receptor density (Bmax) and binding affinity [i.e., the dissociation constant (Kd)] were similar in the adult and immature tissues, wherein Bmax = 211 +/- 6 238 +/- 60 fmol/mg protein, respectively; and Kd = 14.1 +/- 0.2 and 11.6 +/- 1.2 nM, respectively. Addition of Ca2+ (10(-8)-10(-3) M) significantly modulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding, with opposing maturational effects. In adult tissues, Ca2+ produced dose-dependent inhibition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding to 59.5% control, whereas Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding in response to Ca2+ was significantly enhanced in the 2-week-old tissues to 183% control. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that the inherent basal binding characteristics of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor are similar in maturing TSM, but that Ca2+ exerts opposite modulatory actions on Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor binding in immature and adult tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The status of race in public sector work: Implications for emotion management and job satisfaction

ABSTRACTAfrican Americans consistently report lower levels of job satisfaction relative to whites. Using survey data from 1,456 public service employees, we examine whether racial disparities in job satisfaction are related to how African Americans and whites manage their emotions while at work. We contend that race acts as a master status within the workplace that locates African Americans in a subordinate social position to whites and may contribute to greater emotion management effort and greater work-related consequences. The results indicate that, together with traditional indicators of job satisfaction, extensive emotion management efforts of African Americans explain their lower levels of job satisfaction relative to whites.
El mapa y el territorio: Cuestiones ontológicas y epistemológicas sobre el terrorismo

The paper argues that the principle that “the map is not the territory, and the name is not the thing named”*, essential to any system of human communication, must be applied to terrorism as well. In between the terrorist act and its naming/writing there is a process of classification by which reality itself is transformed. Terrorism acts as a catalyst to confuse various semantic categories between the factual and the feigned, the real and the bluff, in basic performance frames such as “war,” “threat,” “play,” or “ritual.” The dialectics between terrorism and counterterrorism is plagued with such confusions between map and territory. The Thing itself of the events situated in the frame “this is war” and “this is play” are categorically different. The mutual denial and mutual constitution of such dialectics is at the center of the reality of terrorism. It is argued that a valid ontology and epistemology of terrorism must take into account the basic principle of the map/territory relations (for which a theory of play and fantasy might be as relevant as theories of war); furthermore, it must analyze the mythological aspects of the figure of the Terrorist. Far from comparing fantasy with the “non real”, for the psychoanalytic theory, fantasy represents a basic dimension of the subjective reality. The manipulation of the time axis (waiting for the future terror, the military theory of prevention) is another important key to the study of the ontology of terrorism. Eventually, there is also to be considered the edge between terrorism/counterterrorism the decisive reality simultaneously stigmatizes and constitutes both antagonistic surfaces. * BATESON, Gregory, Steps to an Ecology of Mind, Nueva York, Ballantine Books, 1972.
Uniformly Valid Asymptotic Approximations for Certain Non-Linear Differential Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on uniformly valid asymptotic approximations for certain nonlinear differential equations. The differential equations are characterized by the presence of a small force active for a long time. It is often useful to be able to construct an approximation that is a good representation of the solution for the complete time interval 0 < t < ∞. In these circumstances, the simple perturbation approximation in terms of the small parameter measuring the perturbing force and one time scale fails due to the cumulative action of the small force. This method is applicable when the overall behavior of the solution is sufficiently well known. The advantage of the present method is its simplicity especially for computing higher approximations and its applicability to a large class of problems for which the motion is bounded for large times. The solutions obtained by this method are valid in some neighborhood of the transitional curves and clearly shows the change from stability to instability as well as the slow modulation of the solution. It is observed that various special conditions have to be imposed to guarantee the unique construction of the successive approximation terms.
MICROBIOLOGY OF WYOMING BIG GAME MEAT1

Total bacteria present on antelope, mule deer, and elk carcasses and in ground meat from these carcasses were determined. In addition to total aerobic plate counts, counts for coliforms, fecal coliforms, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and Salmonella spp. were made. Average total aerobic plate counts of ground game ranged from 0.7 to 53 million organisms per gram. Surface swabs showed the bacterial counts to increase greatly during the 2-week aging period. Large numbers of coliforms and fecal coliforms were found in game meat. Nevertheless, game meat contained very few coagulase-positive staphylococci and no Salmonella spp. were detected.
Protein Found at the Scene of the Crime: The Potential for Using Proteomics for Identification

Hair has long been collected from crime scenes as part of trace evidence. Originally, hair was used for some exclusionary purposes — only general qualities about an unknown source could be determined. Eventually, DNA was used to help identify the source but only if the root was still attached. Within the last two years, however, two major studies have used proteomics — the study of human protein sequences — to extract and identify protein sequences in an unknown source in order to match it to a known source. These two studies support the same hypothesis: proteomics is currently a viable method for narrowing down the source of the hair and will soon be able to identify an individual source. While the science is about a decade away from being comparable to nuclear DNA, the potential of proteomics is undeniable. This paper explores the current status, methods, and future of the science as well as the impact it may have on forensic investigation and criminal prosecution. This paper also explores the potential admissibility of expert testimony on proteomics for identification.
Continuum Reconfigurable Parallel Robots for Surgery: Shape Sensing and State Estimation With Uncertainty

This letter examines shape sensing for a new class of surgical robot that consists of parallel flexible structures that can be reconfigured inside the human body. Known as continuum reconfigurable incisionless surgical parallel (CRISP) robots, these devices provide access to the human body through needle-sized entry points, yet can be configured into trusslike structures capable of dexterous movement and large force application. They can also be reconfigured as needed during a surgical procedure. Since CRISP robots are elastic, they will deform when subjected to external forces or other perturbations. In this letter, we explore how to combine sensor information with mechanics-based models for CRISP robots to estimate their shapes under applied loads. The end result is a shape sensing framework for CRISP robots that will enable future research on control under applied loads, autonomous motion, force sensing, and other robot behaviors.
Enhanced Vascular Collateralization Through the Pancreaticoduodenal Arcade Secondary to Median Arcuate Ligament Compression of the Celiac Axis in the Setting of Pancreatic Body Adenocarcinoma: The Ideal Scenario for the Modified Appleby Procedure

Abstract Background: A modified Appleby procedure for pancreatic body tumors relies upon collateral vessels maintaining blood flow to the proper hepatic artery (PHA) through the pancreaticoduodenal arcade (PDA) off of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Compression of the celiac axis by the median arcuate ligament (MAL) promotes the expansion of collateral vessels without preoperative intervention. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male with asymptomatic compression of the celiac artery presented with new onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. He underwent imaging that demonstrated a locally advanced pancreatic body tumor that encased the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein confluence and involved the common hepatic artery. He had an adequate response to neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and underwent an uncomplicated modified Appleby procedure with a margin negative resection. Hepatic blood flow was adequate through the PHA as a result of collateralization of blood flow through the PDA off th...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=39

Abstract Experimental nuclear structure data from various reactions and decays have been evaluated for all known nuclides of mass 39 (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented for each reaction and decay and the best values combining all available data are recommended for level energies, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay properties (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. The 39K, 39Ca and 39Ar are the most extensively studied nuclides; no excited states are known in 39Mg and 39Ti. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=39 by B. Singh and J. Cameron (2006Si02).
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATION OF STEROIDAL AMINE TERATOGENS

I. ABSTRACT Derivatives of jervine and 11-deoxojervine were tested for teratogenic activity in the hamster. Interpretation of the results is based on structure-activity correlation. Testing derivatives altered in the steroid ring suggests that these compounds act as steroid hormone blocking agents. Testing muldamines suggests a rigid side chain portion of the steroid may not be required for potency. The substituent effects for N-substituted jervines were, in order of decreasing activity, CHO ≃ H ≃ CH3 > n-Bu > Ac > (CH3)2I-. This order of activity indicates that an imino function was not required for substantial teratogenicity, and that a negative center such as an amide carbonyl may function similar to the amino group in teratogens. Two compounds having the (22S, 25R)-solanidanine configuration were about similarly active to jervine. Compounds of (22S, 25S) and (22R, 25S) configurations produced increases in resorption without a significant incidence of malformations. The conformation of nitrogen in these compounds was used to explain the differences in activity. Findings support the hypothesis that highly teratogenic compounds present a negatively charged center accessible to the steroid α face.
The bilingual mental lexicon beyond Dutch–English written words

The contribution that Ton Dijkstra has made to the field of bilingualism, with his colleagues over the years, is beyond measure. He has advanced our field with the thoughtful and thought-provoking models of the bilingual lexicon he has put forward, and with the vast empirical data he and his colleagues have collected from numerous bilinguals, using a variety of experimental methods. This paper by Dijkstra, Wahl, Buytenhuijs, van Halem, Al-jibouri, de Korte, and Rekke (2018) is no exception. It comprises a thoughtful and detailed description of a new model, Multilink, and provides relevant information regarding the context in which the model was developed, its assumptions, its successes and challenges. The model is the first to consider aspects of both word production and word recognition, as well as of word translation, and to explicitly address how translation equivalents that share both form and meaning – cognates – may be processed. Also addressed are word-frequency concerns, including differences in word frequency that are dependent on language proficiency and exposure. The assumptions that are made within the model are clearly laid out, and less-than-ideal decisions that needed to be made are acknowledged. The authors conclude that a model like Multilink could be the basis for a general model of the mental lexicon. In that, they promote the view taken in Libben, Goral, and Libben (2017) that the bilingual – not the monolingual – lexicon should be considered as the default.
Follow-up and care of childhood cancer survivors.

More children than ever before are being cured of cancer, thanks to aggressive use of multimodal therapy. Of prime concern are the potential long-term deleterious effects of such treatment. Sequelae may include impairment of growth or other aspects of development, damage to various organ systems, or a second cancer. Guidelines for surveillance and counseling are described.15 references.
The association of health-related quality of life with unmet supportive care needs and sociodemographic factors in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors: a single-centre pilot study.

Purpose: Determine correlations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), supportive care need, and sociodemographic factors in low-income Latina breast cancer survivors.Methods: A descriptiv...
Mobile website characteristics of leading tobacco product brands: cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookah and cigars.

Significance Most US adults use smartphones for internet access. Understanding what they see when they view smartphone-optimised (mobile) tobacco websites is important, as it can inform tobacco education and cessation strategies. This study describes mobile tobacco websites for leading brands of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco (smokeless), e-cigarettes and hookah. Methods We identified 130 leading tobacco brands based on sales, advertising spending and self-report data. Of these, 62 brands had mobile websites. We conducted an inductive content analysis (ie, where we derived the coding scheme from what we observed) of website characteristics by dual-coding: age requirements, warning display, brand engagement methods (eg, social features) and sales strategies (eg, coupons). Results All cigarette and most smokeless websites required age-verified accounts for entry, while 76% of e-cigarette websites required accounts only for making purchases. All cigarette and smokeless websites showed warnings, but a minority of e-cigarette and cigar websites did, and no hookah websites did. Many websites required users to scroll up to view warnings. Most e-cigarette websites, most hookah websites, and half of cigar websites linked to multiple social media platforms; however, most cigarette and smokeless websites facilitated socialisation internally. All cigarette, most smokeless and no hookah websites offered coupons. Many cigarette and smokeless coupons were time-sensitive and location-based. Conclusions We highlight issues in how tobacco brand websites address youth access, display warnings, engage consumers and facilitate purchase. Results can help public health educators and practitioners better understand tobacco marketing as a context for designing tobacco interventions.
Frequent Offenders and Patterns of Injury

Given the liver's role in drug metabolism, it is uniquely sensitive to potential drug-induced liver injury (DILI) despite inherent protective mechanisms. In this article, we focus on the most common causes of DILI and their patterns of injury. Although not comprehensive, we attempt to cover several classes of commonly used drugs, and their associated patterns of injury and management.