cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF HUMAN PLATELET PROFILIN EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Human platelet profilin was expressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 based expression vector. The recombinant material is similar to authentic human platelet profilin based on the measured Kd for rabbit skeletal muscle actin. Crystals of the recombinant material were obtained from both PEG 8000 and (NH4)2SO4. These crystals are isomorphous and belong to the monoclinic space group C2, a = 75.0, b = 32.0, c = 62.5, beta = 123 degrees. These crystals contain one molecule in the asymmetric unit and diffract to at least 2.0 A.
The effect of amino acids on host-controlled restriction of lambda phage.

Abstract Phage lambda grown in Escherichia coli C (λ·C) plates with an efficiency of ∼4 × 10−4 on log phase E. coli K12 grown in broth. These few successful infections occur in “special cells” in the K12 population which have lost their ability to restrict λ·C. E. coli K12 grown in minimal medium has 30–50 times as many special cells. Supplementation of minimal medium with an amino acid mixture reduced the frequency of special cells to that observed in broth cultures. When amino acids were tested individually, the addition of either alanine or leucine alone to minimal medium reduced the special cell population. This reduction in the frequency of special cells was reversed by the further addition of several other amino acids to the growth medium. Medium shift experiments with alanine and leucine suggest that these amino acids do not act at the time of infection; instead they determine the presence of a metabolic system involved in the expression of host-controlled restriction. Removal of methionine from K12 cultures containing an otherwise complete amino acid mixture caused an increase in the number of special cells. Unlike the alanine and leucine effects, this increase was rapid and occurred in the presence of chloramphenicol. Prolonged growth in methionine was required to restore the reduced special cell frequency. It appears that the removal of methionine can convert a restricting cell into a special cell which is then incapable of undergoing cell division. The various amino acid effects are specific to the K12-restriction system and do not influence the B- or P1-restriction systems of E. coli.
Report On ‘Multimedia Instruction’

The ‘Multimedia Instruction’ workshop examined a variety of uses for multimedia in instruction. Marco Molinaro, Director of Multimedia Development for the Modular Chemistry Consortium based at the University of California at Berkeley, presided. The session consisted of developing a common language used in describing multimedia, exploring demonstration programs, and using hands-on experience to create, adapt, or critique available software.
Bioaccessibility of lead sequestered to corundum and ferrihydrite in a simulated gastrointestinal system.

Lead (Pb) sorption onto oxide surfaces in soils may strongly influence the risk posed from incidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. Lead was sorbed to model oxide minerals of corundum (α-Al 2 O 3 ) and ferrihydrite (Fe 5 HO 8 .4H 2 O). The Pb-sorbed minerals were placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to simulate ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. The changes in Pb speciation were determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Both corundum (sorption maximum of 2.13 g kg -1 ) and ferrihydrite (sorption maximum of 38.6 g kg -1 ) have been shown to sorb Pb, with ferrihydrite having a very high affinity for Pb. The gastric bioaccessible Pb for corundum was >85% for corundum when the concentration of Pb was >200 mg kg -1 . Bioaccessible Pb was not detectable at ≤200 mg kg -1 . Bioaccessible Pb ranged from 53 to 88% for ferrihydrite. The bioaccessible Pb was below detection limits for the intestinal phase in the ferrihydrite system. Solid phase speciation identified both inner- (mononuclear bidentate) and outer-sphere species for Pb sorbed to corundum, while only an inner-sphere (mononuclear bidentate) complex was found for ferrihydrite. Although corundum and ferrihydrite can bind Pb, they fail to significantly reduce gastric bioaccessible Pb but do reduce intestinal bioaccessible Pb. Treatment of Pb-contaminated soil with corundum or ferrihydrite may reduce Pb solubility under field soil conditions of pH > 4. However, much of the sorbed Pb will become bioaccessible under gastric conditions (pH 1.5-2.5) if this soil is ingested. Caution should be used before using these materials to remediate a soil where soil ingestion is an important exposure pathway.
Beliefs about Economic Growth

A 1976 survey of 1021 residents of the Niagara Frontier region of New York State by the University of New York at Buffalo provides clear evidence that advocates of economic growth see a different kind of social predicament from those who favor de-emphasizing economic growth. Those who would slow economic growth perceive growth as a contributor to environmental problems. Growth advocates think the environment is in relatively good shape and not an urgent problem. Opinions range between the extremes. The dynamics of belief and perception change is evident in all sectors of society, although change is occurring faster in the young and among the better-educated. 9 references, 4 figures, 1 table.
The solubilities of thorium and samarium in liquid lithium-lead solutions

Abstract The solubilities of thorium and samarium in lead and several lithium-lead alloys have been determined at temperatures between about 400 and 800 °C. The solubility of thorium in lead is represented by the expression log S Th (wt.%) = [4.66–5560/ T (°K)] ± 0.1. At each temperature, the solubility of thorium in lithium-lead solutions increased regularly as the lithium concentration was increased from 0 to 44 at.%. The solubility of samarium in lead can be expressed as log S Sm (wt.%) = [5.01–4656/ T (°K)] ± 0.04. The solubility of samarium in lithium-lead solutions at a given temperature also increased as the lithium concentration was increased.
An evidential reasoning approach to distributed multiple-hypothesis detection

A distributed detection system consisting of n local detectors and a fusion center is considered. The local detectors send their inferences with regard to a set of M candidate hypotheses to the fusion center where the final decision is made. Unlike conventional detectors which produce single-hypothesis hard decisions, each local detector produces a "subset" of the M hypotheses and a discrete confidence level associated with that subset. The fusion center then employs Dempster's combining rule for evidence aggregation. The optimum confidence-based partitioning of local decision space with respect to the system performance is studied. For the M=3 case, it is shown that the presented system greatly outperforms the one where each local detector provides a single-hypothesis hard decision.
Interventional Occlusion of a Thrombosed Aortic Conduit

We report the first known closure of an aortic conduit with the Amplatzer plug device. The device was used in the case of a 20-year-old male who presented with an aortic conduit that had thrombosed and had formed a pseudo-aneurysm. A 14-mm plug and a 16-mm plug were used to close off the proximal portion of the conduit in preparation for surgery. The successful use of the device minimized the risk and the extent of the subsequent surgery.
The Role of Credit Evaluation in Agricultural Finance: Dicussion

Although Chhikara pointed out some of the severe limitations of the linear probability model, he was very kind to discriminant analysis models. The linear discriminant model is appropriate only if the explanatory variables are normally distributed. A high proportion of the financial ratios and other variables used in credit evaluation are not normally distributed. For example, most solvency ratios, such as percent equity, have a high proportion of the observations near one end of the range, a long tail in one direction, and a very short tail or no tail in the other direction. Given the non-normality of the distributions of many of the explanatory variables, discriminant analysis is clearly not an appropriate choice for most analyses. Continued use of discriminant analysis was justifiable when there were no good alternatives. But the development of a wide variety of logit and probit models, and the increase in computing power that makes maximum likelihood estimation of these models technically and financially feasible, have provided good alternatives. Future use of discriminant analysis in credit evaluation should be limited to situations where the authors clearly demonstrate that the explanatory variables have normal or near normal distributions. Further, tests of the performance of newly developed models should not use discriminant analysis results as the basis of comparison. Another important characteristic of the current state of the art is the pathetic level of understanding of misclassification costs. All of the models reviewed are explicitly or implicitly based on a minimization of misclassification costs. Clearly, the misclassification costs are not the same for all types of decisions. The costs of making a loan to a borrower who ultimately defaults are much different in both character and magnitude than the costs of not making a loan to a farmer who would be a good borrower. However, most of the models conducted to date, particularly those dealing with agricultural loans, have either ignored or assumed away the differences in misclassification costs. While this is
Effect of the surface state of iron on filamentous carbon formation

Abstract The effect of oxygen and steam pretreatments of iron surfaces on their tendency to catalyze carbon formation during reaction with hydrocarbons has been investigated. Treatment of iron in steam at 700 °C was found to have a dramatic influence on the carbon deposition reaction, the amount of carbon produced being at least an order of magnitude higher than that formed in the metal surface under comparable conditions. Spectroscopic analysis (Auger and Mossbauer) proved that this pretreatment converts the iron to FeO. Examination of the carbon deposit in the electron microscope shows that it is predominantly filamentous in nature. A detailed study using a variety of in situ surface chemical tools in conjunction with the more conventional bulk approaches has been used to compare the catalytic reactivity of Fe, FeO, and Fe 2 O 3 precursors for the formation of filamentous carbon from ethane and acetylene. All these techniques lead to the same conclusion—that the order of activity is FeO > Fe ~ Fe 2 O 3 . It is also shown that Fe 3 C is not an active catalyst for carbon filament formation.
Intermediate-Structure Strength Function

Measurement of the two-particle one-hole or doorway-state strength function by suitable averaging of ($d, p$) and ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) cross section is proposed.
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): New horizons in relating dietary antioxidants/bioactives and health benefits

The concept of oxidative stress, the factors responsible for oxidative stress and on those substances in foods that may have in vivo effects in terms of decreasing the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on normal physiological function are reviewed. Methods of analysis of dietary redox reactive compounds and the role of dietary antioxidants in preventing disease are discussed. Literature related to the role of consumption of dietary bioactives (antioxidants) on the prevention of adverse health outcomes, with clinical trials in human subjects as the primary focus is reviewed.
Constitutive law for the densification of fused silica with applications in polishing and microgrinding

We discuss a constitutive model describing the permanent densification of fused silica under large applied pressures and shear stresses. The constitutive law is assumed to be rate- independent, and uses a yield function coupling hydrostatic pressure and shear stress, a flow rule describing the evolution of permanent strains after initial densification, and a hardening rule describing the dependence of the incremental densification on the levels of applied stresses. The constitutive law accounts for multiaxial states of stress, since during polishing and grinding operations complex stress states occur in a thin surface layer due to the action of abrasive particles. Due to frictional and other abrasive forces, large shear stresses are present near the surface during manufacturing. We apply the constitutive law in estimating the extent of the densified layer during the mechanical interaction of an abrasive grain and a flat surface.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Coupled stochastic weather generation using spatial and generalized linear models

We introduce a stochastic weather generator for the variables of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and precipitation occurrence. Temperature variables are modeled in vector autoregressive framework, conditional on precipitation occurrence. Precipitation occurrence arises via a probit model, and both temperature and occurrence are spatially correlated using spatial Gaussian processes. Additionally, local climate is included by spatially varying model coefficients, allowing spatially evolving relationships between variables. The method is illustrated on a network of stations in the Pampas region of Argentina where nonstationary relationships and historical spatial correlation challenge existing approaches.
Effects of phenobarbital on the biliary excretion of aflatoxin P1-glucuronide and aflatoxin B1-S-glutathione in the rat.

Direct h.p.l.c. analysis of bile separated at least five major water-soluble metabolites of AFB; the two most prevalent AFB metabolites were identified as AFB-S-glutathione (AFB-GSH) and AFP1-glucuronide, which accounted for 49-57% and 4-15% of total biliary AFB metabolites, respectively. In the two hours following AFB administration, phenobarbital-treated rats eliminated 50% more AFB-derived radioactivity in bile compared with controls. No qualitative differences in the profile of biliary AFB metabolites were noted between phenobarbital-treated and control rats. However, a 90% increase in the rate of excretion of AFB-GSH was found in phenobarbital-treated animals. Phenobarbital treatment had no significant effect on the amount of AFB remaining in the liver after two hours, but decreased the amount of AFB covalently bound to hepatic DNA by 55%. When individual animals from both control and phenobarbital-treated groups were considered, the correlation between the increase in excretion of AFB-GSH and the decrease in covalent binding was significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that induction of GSH S-transferase is responsible for the anticarcinogenic effects of phenobarbital towards AFB-induced hepatocarcinogenicity, although changes in the rate of formation of aflatoxin P1 or other biotransformation pathways may also be important.
Disorders of face perception and recognition

Face recognition is one of the most complex visual tasks performed by the human brain. Data from monkeys suggest that area IT may play a key role in identifying faces, and functional imaging research suggests that the human homologue of IT may be located in the medial occipitotemporal cortex, where a FFA has been located. Damage to medial occipitotemporal structures on the right or bilaterally leads to prosopagnosia, the failure to recognize facial identity. Prosopagnosia is not a single functional disorder but a family of dysfunctions, with different patients having different degrees of impairments to various perceptual and memory stages involved in face processing. Understanding the perceptual basis of this disorder and epiphenomena, such as covert recognition, is a goal of current research. Deficits in face perception also may contribute to Capgras syndrome and may be related to the impaired social development of patients with Asperger syndrome. More recently, identified deficits in face processing include the false recognition of unfamiliar faces and the impaired extraction of social information from faces, independent of the recognition of identity. Many of these prosopagnosia and other face processing deficits can be placed in the context of cognitive models of face processing stages, which are being refined continually by data from neurologic patients and functional imaging in normal subjects.
Students' Perceptions of Plagiarism.

While plagiarism by college students is a serious problem that must be addressed, students generally overestimate the frequency of plagiarism at their schools and blame students they do not know for the majority of incidents. This study looked at students’ estimations of the frequency of plagiarism at a large urban college and explored how that varied over the full range of types of plagiarism, from using another author’s ideas to submitting an entire document copied verbatim from another author’s work. Analysis of student responses to survey items revealed they believe other students are far more likely than them to commit each type of plagiarism and they recognize that some types of plagiarism are more serious than others. The opportunity to reduce incidents of plagiarism by providing students with accurate information about plagiarism at their schools is discussed in the context of social norms theory.
Wind Estimation from Geostationary-Satellite Pictures

Abstract The motion of properly selected clouds derived from photographs taken by the geostationary Advanced Technology Satellites provides estimates of the wind at cloud level. A large number of low- and high-cloud motions near rawin stations are compared to the balloon-derived winds to determine the levels at which these wind estimates might be used for map analyses and to assess their accuracy at those levels. For this sample, velocities of lower clouds correspond best to winds at 3,000 ft, while upper cloud velocities correspond best to winds at 30,000 ft. The median vector deviation of the cloud velocities from observed winds is 9 and 17 kt at 3,000 and 30,000 ft, respectively. Direction deviations are modest; therefore, these wind estimates are representative of the actual flow patterns in the lower and in the upper troposphere. Causes contributing to deviations are (1) uncertainty of cloud height, (2) nonadvective cloud motion, (3) photograph-measurement errors, (4) tracking errors, and (5) unrepre...
Transverse self-phase modulation and bistability in the transmission of a laser beam through a nonlinear thin film

We present a theoretical study, with reference to experimental results, of transverse self-phase modulation effects in the transmission of a laser beam through a nonlinear thin film. The occurrence of interference rings, intensification or dimming of the on-axis beam intensity, and transverse optical bistability in the presence of a feedback can all be systematically documented in terms of geometrical/optical parameter classifications. These studies provide further insights and useful guides for experimental studies.
CMOS scaling for the 22nm node and beyond: Device physics and technology

This paper reviews options for CMOS scaling for the 22nm node and beyond. Advanced transistor architectures such as ultra-thin body (UTB), FinFET, gate-all-around (GAA) and vertical options are discussed. Technology challenges faced by all architectures (such as variation, resistance, and capacitance) are analyzed in relation to recent research results. The impact on the CMOS scaling roadmap of system-on-chip (SOC) technologies is reviewed.
Polyketones and polysulfones for conservation of ethylene polymers

Because of the increase in cost of foreign oil, ethylene costs have increased markedly within the last several years. There is presently a sizeable incentive to reduce raw material costs for basic polymer manufacture. The polyketones, synthesized from ethylene and CO, and the polysulfones, synthesized from ethylene and SO2, both utilizing high energy radiation, offer one such possibility. The process has the additional advantage that CO and SO2, usually considered as.wastes and pollutants from fossil fuel burning power plants, are converted to useful materials. The polyketones and polysulfones formed by radiation-induced polymerization from the gas phase below 100°C have been found to be high molecular weight polymers which, depending on composition, either melt with difficulty or decompose at temperatures of 250°C or higher. The higher temperature (>100°C) catalyst-induced reaction produces low molecular weight waxes. Design calculations indicate that for a G value of 10, 000 and 50 percent energy deposition efficiency, it would take 331 megacuries of Co6O to conserve 2 billion pounds of ethylene or 25 percent of the overall U.S. consumption in the PE market by substituting CO and SO2. This savings amounts to as much as $280 million at today's market price. Electron machine radiation with a 25 percent energy deposition efficiency requires a total beam power of 9800 KW. The use of machine radiation is preferred because of safety, availability, and lower initial investment. The challenge presented by the development of these substituted polymer systems depends on (1) the determination of the uniqueness of the radiation process and confirming the yields with electron machine radiation, (2) the processability and market acceptability of the substituted polymers, and (3) the ability to design an efficient radiation process reactor.
IDENTIFYING IMPORTANT CLASSES OF LARGE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS THROUGH K-CORE DECOMPOSITION

In a large software project, the number of classes, and the dependencies between them, generally increase as software evolves. The size and scale of the system often makes it difficult to easily identify the important components in a particular software product. To address this problem, we model software as a network, where the classes are the vertices in the network and the dependencies are the edges, and apply K-core decomposition to identify a core subset of vertices as potentially important classes. We study three open source Java projects over a 10-year period and demonstrate, using different metrics, that the K-core decomposition of the network can help us identify the key classes of the corresponding software. Specifically, we show that the vertices with the highest core number represent the important classes and demonstrate that the core-numbers of classes with similar functionalities evolve at similar trends.
Design of a conductimetric microsensor based on reversibly swelling polymer hydrogels

The design of a conductimetric sensor is described. Based on a planar interdigitated electrode structure coated with a polymer gel, the proposed sensor will detect changes in conductivity of a polymer hydrogel layer as the water content of the gel responds to environmental changes. A number of hydrogels were synthesized with varying chemistries so as to yield gels with a wide range of water contents and therefore conductivities. The measured conductivities were incorporated into a fields model which computes the admittance of an interdigitated electrode as a function of the properties of the gel and the electrode geometry. This permitted identification of the electrode geometries and minimum gel thicknesses needed to obtain a suitable admittance and adequate sensitivity to gel conductivity changes. >
Performance characteristics of a WDM channel monitor based on an all-fiber AOTF with an on-fiber photodetector

We demonstrated an all-fiber wavelength-division-multiplexing channel monitor based on a narrow-band acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) with a built-in on-fiber photodetector. By employing a frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation scheme, intrinsic wavelength accuracy of 0.02 nm is obtained for single-channel detection and 0.05 nm for multiple-channel detection. The minimum resolvable channel spacing is 1.0 nm. The measured channel power accuracy is <1 dB. The demonstrated channel monitor showed a polarization-dependent wavelength shift of /spl sim/0.15 nm, which is limited by the polarization mode splitting of the AOTF itself. The influence of FSK frequency spacing and the effect of channel crosstalk are also discussed.
Revealing the truth about project change

This work investigates the pervasive issue of project change in real world practice. The focus is on the perception of the importance of such change and the data used to make decisions.
Adaptable multivariate calibration models for spectral applications

Multivariate calibration techniques have been used in a wide variety of spectroscopic situations. In many of these situations spectral variation can be partitioned into meaningful classes. For example, suppose that multiple spectra are obtained from each of a number of different objects wherein the level of the analyte of interest varies within each object over time. In such situations the total spectral variation observed across all measurements has two distinct general sources of variation: intra-object and inter-object. One might want to develop a global multivariate calibration model that predicts the analyte of interest accurately both within and across objects, including new objects not involved in developing the calibration model. However, this goal might be hard to realize if the inter-object spectral variation is complex and difficult to model. If the intra-object spectral variation is consistent across objects, an effective alternative approach might be to develop a generic intra-object model that can be adapted to each object separately. This paper contains recommendations for experimental protocols and data analysis in such situations. The approach is illustrated with an example involving the noninvasive measurement of glucose using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Extensions to calibration maintenance and calibration transfer are discussed.
Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Vagina: A Clinicopathologic Study

Abstract Context.—Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina is extremely rare, and its clinical behavior is aggressive. To our knowledge, 22 patients with this tumor have been reported in the English literature to date. Objective.—To investigate 3 patients with this tumor clinically and pathologically. Design.—The pathology database at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston was searched, and 3 cases of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina were found. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural profiles of the tumors were investigated. The medical charts of the patients were reviewed, and the patients were followed up. Patients.—Women with the diagnosis of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of vagina. Results.—All 3 patients presented with advanced disease, and 2 patients died within 4 months of the initial diagnosis. One 38-year-old patient was newly diagnosed, and her clinical outcome had not yet been determined. The histologic featu...
The One‐Child Policy in Shanghai: Acceptance and Internalization

After the communist revolution the population of the People’s Republic of China grew rapidly increasing by 80 percent between 1950 and 1980 (United Nations 2005). Partly this increase was due to improved social and economic conditions that greatly reduced mortality. Early in the period the Party’s pronatalist exhortations reflected an anti-Malthusian ideology. In the mid-1950s China’s total fertility rate exceeded 6 children per woman. Although the fertility rate had fallen to less than half that level by the late 1970s in 1979–80 China introduced its one-child birth planning policy to reduce the country’s rapid population growth. A well-publicized Chinese projection at the time argued that if the fertility rate stayed at 3 China’s population would be 4.26 billion in 2080 “almost equal to the total [1980] population of the entire world.” he stringent restrictions and coercion associated with the one-child policy aroused international controversy. Some observers viewed it with dismay and disapproval. To this day the policy remains a key impediment to US government contributions to the United Nations Population Fund (US Department of State 2002 2004). Given the demographic human rights and political significance of the policy it is important to ascertain the attitudes of Chinese citizens to the policy. (excerpt)
Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modeling of Acute Hematologic Toxicity in Cervical Cancer Patients Treated With Chemoradiotherapy

Purpose To test the hypothesis that increased pelvic bone marrow (BM) irradiation is associated with increased hematologic toxicity (HT) in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy and to develop a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for HT. Methods and Materials We tested associations between hematologic nadirs during chemoradiotherapy and the volume of BM receiving ≥10 and 20 Gy (V 10 and V 20 ) using a previously developed linear regression model. The validation cohort consisted of 44 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent cisplatin and pelvic radiotherapy. Subsequently, these data were pooled with data from 37 identically treated patients from a previous study, forming a cohort of 81 patients for normal tissue complication probability analysis. Generalized linear modeling was used to test associations between hematologic nadirs and dosimetric parameters, adjusting for body mass index. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to derive optimal dosimetric planning constraints. Results In the validation cohort, significant negative correlations were observed between white blood cell count nadir and V 10 (regression coefficient (β) = −0.060, p = 0.009) and V 20 (β = −0.044, p = 0.010). In the combined cohort, the (adjusted) β estimates for log (white blood cell) vs. V 10 and V 20 were as follows: −0.022 ( p = 0.025) and −0.021 ( p = 0.002), respectively. Patients with V 10 ≥ 95% were more likely to experience Grade ≥3 leukopenia (68.8% vs. 24.6%, p 20 > 76% (57.7% vs. 21.8%, p = 0.001). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that HT increases with increasing pelvic BM volume irradiated. Efforts to maintain V 10 20
Localized spectro-temporal cepstral analysis of speech

Drawing on recent progress in auditory neuroscience, we present a novel speech feature analysis technique based on localized spectro- temporal cepstral analysis of speech. We proceed by extracting localized 2D patches from the spectrogram and project onto a 2D discrete cosine (2D-DCT) basis. For each time frame, a speech feature vector is then formed by concatenating low-order 2D- DCT coefficients from the set of corresponding patches. We argue that our framework has significant advantages over standard one- dimensional MFCC features. In particular, we find that our features are more robust to noise, and better capture temporal modulations important for recognizing plosive sounds. We evaluate the performance of the proposed features on a TIMIT classification task in clean, pink, and babble noise conditions, and show that our feature analysis outperforms traditional features based on MFCCs.
Beyond Task and Maintenance: Defining External Functions in Groups

Using interview and log data from 38 new product team managers and 15 team members, we identify a set of activities that group members use to manage their dependence on external groups. Team member...
Tropical Cyclone Motion in a Nondivergent Barotropic Model

Abstract Tropical cyclone motion is investigated in the context of a nondivergent barotropic model. For this purpose, the nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation is solved on a doubly-periodic midlatitude, β-plane using a spectral method with Fourier basis functions. The results from previous studies are summarized and illustrated in idealized model simulations. It is shown that the absolute vorticity gradient of the steering current (∇ζa) causes an axisymmetric vortex to drift relative to the steering current with a component in the direction of the gradient and a component 90° to the left of the gradient. The implications of the basic principles of vortex motion for operational track prediction models are discussed. By consideration of the horizontal variation of ∇ζa, it is shown that a vortex track will be more sensitive to initial position errors in regions where ∇2ζa> 0 than in regions where ∇ζa< 0. It is also shown that the vortex track is much more sensitive to changes in the outer regions (size...
Hallmarks of Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes

Although they are classically viewed as continuously recirculating through the lymphoid organs and blood, lymphocytes also establish residency in non-lymphoid tissues, most prominently at barrier sites, including the mucosal surfaces and skin. These specialized tissue-resident lymphocyte subsets span the innate-adaptive continuum and include innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), unconventional T cells (e.g., NKT, MAIT, γδ T cells, and CD8αα(+) IELs), and tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells. Although these diverse cell types differ in the particulars of their biology, they nonetheless exhibit important shared features, including a role in the preservation of tissue integrity and function during homeostasis, infection, and non-infectious perturbations. In this Review, we discuss the hallmarks of tissue-resident innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocytes, as well as their potential functions in non-lymphoid organs.
Postoperative Chemotherapy for Medulloblastoma

The survival rate and cognitive function of 43 children, age <3 years, with medulloblastoma treated with intensive postoperative chemotherapy alone, without radiotherapy, were determined at the University of Wurzburg and other centers in Germany Chemotherapy consisted of three two-month cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide.
Feeding and Growth of Noctuid Larvae on Foliar Material and Extracts of Guayule Related Species of Parthenium , and F 1 Hybrids

Artifical diets incorporating powdered foliage or foliar extracts of Parthenium tomentosum DC. or P. schottii Greenman inhibited feeding, growth, and dietary use by 3rd-instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner, relative to larvae feeding on diets incorporating foliage or foliar extracts from guayule, P. argentatu Gray, or an F1 hybrid of guayule with P. tomentosum. Amixture of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from P. schottii added to an artifical diet inhibited feeding, but did not deter growth or dietary use by larvae. Foliage or foliar extracts of P. schottii added to diets also significantly inhibited growth and dietary use by 3rd-instar larvae of the bollworm Heliothis zea (Boddie), although there was no reduction in consumption rate. In contrast, powdered inflorescences of P. schottii or extracts thereof, both rich in sesquiterpene lactones, deterred neither feeding nor growth of H. zea when added to artificial diets. Confertin, the principal sesquiterpene lactone of P. schottii foliage and inflorescences, had no effect on feeding or growth of 3rd-instar larvae, even at a concentration which strongly inhibits growth of neonate H. zea larvae. Chemical factors in P. schottii and P. tomentosum foliage appear to inhibit larval growth of both S. exigua and H. zea, although a contribution to that inhibition by sesquiterpene lactones is uncertain.
Dual-wall zirconia induction furnace for the production of high-strength silica fibers

The theoretical strength of a pristine silica fiber is exceptionally high. However, flaws such as inclusions, air lines, coating defects, and surface contamination can substantially reduce the fiber strength affecting the yield in fiber manufacturing. Producing long lengths of optical fiber with high strength is a difficult task. In most cases, fiber fracture at a low-strength level can be traced to surface flaws caused by particle contamination.
Sculpting Our Future: Environmental Nudging of the Imprintome

Over the past several decades, there has been a dramatic increase in awareness of the importance of epigenetics in the regulation of gene expression and how this relates to disease. The initial focus on cancer as a potential outcome of epigenetic alterations has grown to include the role of epigenetics in neurodevelopmental disorders, obesity, diabetes, memory, and even deviation in complex human social interactions. Prominent among the genes implicated in all of these conditions are those subject to genomic imprinting. These genes are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation that is established during early development and results in parent of origin dependent expression. Advances in the ability to accurately measure DNA methylation using high throughput techniques have now paved the way for study of this epigenetic modification in epidemiologic studies. In this chapter, we will examine the relationship of the early origins hypothesis to imprinted genes and how emerging studies strongly suggest that early origins may in part have its roots in epigenetic changes at these imprinted regulatory regions during early life.
Automated parameter derivation for power plant models from system disturbance data

This paper describes a novel new approach for automated parameter derivation of models for synchronous generators, their excitation system and the turbine-governor by using digitally recorded on-line unit response to system disturbances. The benefit of this methodology as opposed to collecting data from a series of staged tests (mainly off-line) is explained. In addition, the parameter derivation process is an automated routine that has been modified from previous work to use on-line disturbance recordings. This approach has been successfully applied to two large steam-turbine generators and one gas turbine in the North American power system. The results of two of these case studies are also reported together with fruitful insight into the limitations of some of the models available for power plant modeling in planning studies.
Generating Functions in Neural Learning of Sequential Structures.

A cornerstone of human statistical learning is the ability to extract abstract regularities from sequential events. Here we present a unique method to derive the generating functions for the waiting time of sequential patterns, then compare these functions with the neural mechanisms for learning sequential structures. We show that the way the neocortex integrates information over time bears a striking resemblance to the way these normative functions operate. They both operate by organizing combinatorial objects into meaningful groups then compressing the representations by discarding irrelevant information. As a result, discrete-time signals are converted into frequency signals, and similarity-based structures are converted into abstract relational structures. Our analyses not only reveal surprisingly rich statistical structures embedded in the seemingly random sequences, but also offer an explanation for how higher-order cognitive biases may have emerged as a consequence of temporal integration.
Microwave photonic distributed sensing in harsh environment

We report a new distributed fiber optic sensing technique using optical carrier based microwave interferometry. The concept has been demonstrated using different types of optical fibers including singlemode fiber, multimode fiber, single crystal sapphire fiber and polymer fiber. Using the microwave-photonic technique, many fiber interferometers with the same or different optical path differences were interrogated and their locations could be unambiguously determined. The distributed sensing capability was demonstrated using cascaded low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometers fabricated by fs laser micromachining. Spatially continuous, fully distributed temperature and strain measurements were used as examples to demonstrate the capability of the proposed concept.
Prospective cerebral MR study of HIV seropositive and seronegative men: correlation of MR findings with neurologic, neuropsychologic, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

PURPOSE As part of a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, we attempted to identify early cerebral MR findings that might correlate to clinical evidence of central nervous system involvement. METHODS We studied 65 seropositive and 40 seronegative homosexual males using cranial MR, neurologic, immunologic, and neuropsychologic examinations. RESULTS The incidence of mildly enlarged ventricles, sulci, and punctate areas of abnormal signal in both groups was similar in both groups. Diffuse, poorly defined areas of abnormal white matter signal were difficult to consistently identify in seropositives. Enlarged adenoidal lymphoid tissue was found in 30 (46%) of seropositives and 2 (5%) of seronegatives (P = .0001). The incidence of sinus inflammatory change was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION MR of intracranial contents is substantially normal in a non-AIDS HIV(+) population.
Novel insight into the mechanism of action and selectivity of the Grb2 Src homology 2 domain binding antagonist C90.

B198 Metastasis is the primary cause of death in human cancer and its presence defines malignant tumors. Among the critical features that a primary tumor must acquire to metastasize are motility and invasiveness. Cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, migrate to the vasculature, survive in an anchorage independent way in the bloodstream, extravasate and proliferate at the new site. A drug that can effectively interfere with any of these steps could potentially inhibit tumor metastasis. Although many drugs have been developed to control cancer growth in humans, no drugs presently available have been specifically designed to inhibit metastasis using a molecular targeting approach. Grb2 is a widely expressed adapter protein that participates in multiple cell functions. Its critical roles in motility, invasion and angiogenesis make it a logical molecular target for the development of therapeutics against the spread of solid tumors. We have previously shown that a potent synthetic antagonist of Grb2 SH2 domain binding, C90, blocked growth factor stimulated motility, invasion, and angiogenesis in cultured cell models and in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. More recently we reported that this drug inhibited metastasis in two aggressive animal models without affecting primary tumor growth rate. To characterize the selectivity of C90 for the SH2 domain of Grb2 over other proteins containing similar motifs, a biotinylated derivative of the compound was developed (S4S). We first confirmed that S4S retained the biological potency of C90, and that it could efficiently capture Grb2 from non-ionic detergent cell extracts. S4S was then used to capture C90 protein targets from cell lysates for subsequent SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry analysis. A C90 analog with defective Grb2 binding was biotinylated in parallel and used as a negative control throughout the course of these studies. Our results indicate that Grb2 is the only SH2-domain containing protein the binds with high affinity to C90/S4S in target cells. To characterize the molecular mechanisms by which C90 inhibits cell motility and invasion, Grb2 interactions with mediators of cytoskeletal rearrangement and focal adhesion formation were analyzed in human tumor cells treated with Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). As visualized using Alexa 488-phalloidin, C90 treatment was associated with a shift in the distribution of actin cables from the leading edges of HGF-treated cells to the cytoplasm. C90 also inhibited HGF-driven activation and nuclear translocation of PAK1, another important effector of cell motility. Coincident with these effects, C90 treatment disrupted the HGF-stimulated physical association between Grb2 with Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), and inhibited focal adhesion formation in a dose-dependent manner. These data support the unique selectivity of C90 for Grb2, and provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms by which antagonists of Grb2 SH2 domain binding block cell motility in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo.
Epilogue: Why Care?

The free market economic system in its new high-tech form is the most productive, creative, and efficient economic system the world has ever seen. However, there are certain ‘systems’ problems within it. Economists are still, for instance, learning how to contain the ‘business cycle’. The American Federal Reserve Board and the International Monetary Fund step in whenever the ‘bust’ portion of the cycle threatens the system, and they limit expansion when the ‘boom’ grows too exuberant. The world’s economic statesmen are getting better at monitoring and reducing such business-cycle fluctuations, but, practically and theoretically, the business cycle still generates a great deal of global insecurity.
Beyond algorithms: Evolving intelligence

This paper discusses possible approaches to evolving intelligence in which blended intelligence and extended analog computing play roles. Deep learning and universal learning are briefly summarized. A definition of blended intelligence is proposed, followed by an introduction to extended analog computing. Implementing extended analog computing to achieve intelligence without algorithms is discussed. A revised definition of blended intelligence that includes algorithmless computing is proposed.
The Development of a qPCR Assay for the Evaluation of the Dendritic Cell Chimeric Antigen Receptor Transcriptome

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological malignancy of B cells that accounts for a third of all new leukemia cases, but is incurable with standard first-line chemotherapies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants offer the only curative treatment but are restricted to those with a matching donor. The recent advent of adoptive transfer therapy utilizing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, which are synthetic receptors that combine the target-specificity of antibodies to the effector capabilities of T cells, have emerged as a promising anticancer therapy due to its targeted tumoricidal activity. Clinical trials utilizing CD19-targeted CAR T cells have demonstrated strong efficacy against acute B-cell leukemia, but those performed in CLL have not been as successful for unclear reasons. This may be due to the dysfunctional tumor microenvironment which renders key immune effectors ineffective. Dendritic cells (DCs), a potent antigen presenting cell that functions as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, are rendered functionally and quantitatively deranged with an impaired ability to present antigen and thereby stimulate immunogenic responses. These limitations can potentially be rectified through an effective recruitment of an endogenous antitumor immune response and thus we hypothesize that genetically modified DCs should be capable of repolarizing the tolerogenic microenvironment induced by CLL toward one of immunogenicity to promote tumor eradication. In this study, we developed a qPCR assay to assess the DC CAR transcriptome. Because our CD19-targeted DC CARs with a CD40 intracellular domain signal via NF-κB to activate downstream elements, we needed to first assess the fidelity of our assay. Using the immortalized mouse DC cell line JAWS II, which lacks CD40, we used a potent TLR4 agonist, MPL, to stimulate our DCs through MyD88, an alternative pathway that also activates NF-κB. We saw elevated expression of downstream NF-κB elements, including IL-6, IL-10, IRF3, and IRF7. Establishing the sensitivity of our assay, we next evaluated the transcriptome of DC CARs by coculturing our CD19-targeted DC CARs containing a CD40 intracellular domain with HEK 293 cells, a human embryonic kidney cell line, retrovirally transduced with a human CD19 antigen to activate our CAR DCs and assess downstream gene expression. We observed expected elevation of downstream NF-κB elements including IL-6, IL-10, NOS2, IRF3, IFN-γ, TNFα, IL12p40, and TGF-β, indicating the viability of this assay. These positive results confirm the multidisciplinary potential of our assay as a promising technology that will allow us to better augment future CARs. Disclosures Brentjens:Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.