cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autohomeomorphisms of Thin-Tall Locally Compact Scattered Spaces in ZFC

. For many uncountable groups G, there is a thin-tall locally compact scattered space (equivalently, thin-tall superatomic Boolean algebra) whose nontrivial autohomeomorphism (equivalently, automorphism) group is G. Such groups include ω!, the free group on ω1 generators, and the free commutative group on ω1.
Strong CA2 Pyramidal Neuron Synapses Define a Powerful Disynaptic Cortico-Hippocampal Loop

Neurons propagate information through circuits by integrating thousands of synaptic inputs to generate an action potential output. Inputs from different origins are often targeted to distinct regions of a neuron's dendritic tree, with synapses on more distal dendrites normally having a weaker influence on cellular output compared to synapses on more proximal dendrites. Here, we report that hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons, whose function has remained obscure for 75 years, have a reversed synaptic strength rule. Thus, CA2 neurons are strongly excited by their distal dendritic inputs from entorhinal cortex but only weakly activated by their more proximal dendritic inputs from hippocampal CA3 neurons. CA2 neurons in turn make strong excitatory synaptic contacts with CA1 neurons. In this manner, CA2 neurons form the nexus of a highly plastic disynaptic circuit linking the cortical input to the hippocampus to its CA1 neuronal output. This circuit is likely to mediate key aspects of hippocampal-dependent spatial memory.
New electromagnetic mode in a non-Maxwellian high-beta plasma

An electromagnetic (EM) mode outside of the electron cyclotron frequency in a dense plasma discharge is reported. The experimental plasma was generated in a weak, uniform magnetic field and natural magnetic fluctuations were monitored and examined for cross correlations. Wave dispersion, propagation direction polarization and the electron velocity distribution were also derived. The fluctuations observed were neither cyclotron harmonic waves nor whistlers and consisted of circularly polarized waves propagating along field lines in 3-6 cm diam flux tubes. The mode was carried away from the cathode by streaming energetic electrons. The results may be pertinent in studies of EM modes in auroral arcs or magnetic fluctuations in tokamaks with runaway electrons.
The influence of pathologic tumor characteristics on locoregional recurrence rates following mastectomy.

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pathologic factors other than tumor size and number of involved axillary nodes on the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) following mastectomy. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1031 patients treated with mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy without radiation on 5 prospective clinical trials. Median follow-up was 116 months (range, 6–262 months). Results: Patients with gross multicentric disease were at increased risk of LRR (37% at 10 years). However, patients with multifocal disease and those with microscopic multicentric disease did not experience higher rates of LRR than those with single lesions (17% at 10 years). Patients with lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) or involvement of the skin or nipple also experienced high rates of LRR (25%, 32%, and 50%, respectively). The presence of close ( On multivariate analysis, the presence of 4 or more involved axillary nodes, tumor size of greater than 5 cm, close or positive surgical margins, and gross multicentric disease were found to be independent predictors of LRR (all, p Conclusion: In addition to the extent of primary and nodal disease, other factors that predict for high rates of LRR include the presence of LVSI, involvement of the skin, nipple or pectoral fascia, close or positive margins, or gross multicentric disease. These factors predict for high LRR rates regardless of the number of involved axillary nodes.
‘Climate-smart’ social protection: Can it be achieved without a targeted household approach?

Abstract Climate change impacts are heterogeneous even within the same socio-spatial scales whether they are countries, states or even communities. In a community, different households vary in their degree of vulnerability. Such vulnerability differentials can be attributed to endowment, entitlement structure, institutional access and efficiency, and availability of social safety nets. In this study we focus on vulnerability reduction, resilience building and strengthening of adaptive capacity through social protection programs. We review how these programs have been implemented in various communities in developing countries and based on those accounts, we propose a general framework for a more strategic deployment of social protection programs. We suggest that successful deployment of social protection instruments depend on how low, medium and highly adaptive households are targeted. Such a novel approach to when, where, and how social protection instruments can be implemented may serve to enhance the adaptive capacity of households and raise the effectiveness and reach of the instruments themselves.
Surgical Relief of Thrombotic Superior Vena Cava Obstruction Caused by Endocardial Pacing Catheter

Abstract Superior vena cava obstruction, an uncommon thrombotic complication of transvenous endocardial pacing, can usually be managed with long-term anticoagulation therapy. In a 55-year-old woman with a permanent pacemaker, progressive obstruction of the superior vena cava developed despite nine months of warfarin sodium therapy. Relief was obtained by interposing a spiral vein graft from the left internal jugular vein to the right atrium. The literature is reviewed, and recommendations are made for management of this unusual problem.
Breaking Up Is Hard To Do

During my early years as a junior high school librarian, I was frequently beseiged with requests for heart‐throbbing love stories and mysteries. However, as the years passed and the divorce rate increased, I began to encounter students who specifically asked for books about “mean stepparents” or “families where there are problems.” I initially wondered whether these new entreaties emanated from a small minority or from a more substantial cross‐section of the school population. Several well‐received book talks concerning the impact of divorce and a few discreet inquiries regarding the number of single‐parent families at my school convinced me that a general need existed.
Effect of Managed Care on Children's Relationships With Their Primary Care Physicians: Differences by Race

Context Racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of the patient-provider relationship have been documented previously, but only among adults. Few studies have examined this aspect of primary care quality for children, and none has examined the role of managed care in mediating disparities. Objective To explore variations in the associations among 3 managed care policies and the sustained patient-provider relationship for children by racial and ethnic group. Design, Setting, and Participants Telephone survey of parents of a random sample of 413 children attending elementary school in a large school district spanning 3 cities in southern California. Self-reported managed care information was validated through contact with health plan representatives. Main Outcome Measure Parent reporting of the strength of affiliation and interpersonal relationships among the child, the family, and the health care provider. Results Parents of Hispanic and black children reported significantly lower strength of affiliation than whites did (mean, 3.19 and 3.27 vs 3.57;P Conclusions Our data suggest that racial and ethnic minority children experience poorer patient-provider relationships compared with white children, even controlling for socioeconomic status and health system factors. Minority children are particularly sensitive to managed care policies that restrict patient freedom in choosing where to seek care. Implementing less restrictive policies may enhance the development of the patient-provider relationship.
Gallium and indium imaging agents. 2. Complexes of sulfonated catechoylamide sequestering agents

The solution equilibria for the reaction of Ga(III) and In(III) with the hexadentate ligands N, N', N''-tris(2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoyl)-1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene (MECAMS) and N, N', N''-tris(2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoyl)-1,5,10-triazadecane (3,4-LICAMS) and the bidentate catechol N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzamide (DMBS) have been determined on 0.1 M KNO/sub 3/ at 25/sup 0/C. Both Ga(III) and In(III) are coordinated by three catecholate groups at high pH and have formation constants of the order ..beta../sub 110/ = 10/sup 38/ M/sup -1/. As the acidity of the medium is increased, the metal complexes of the hexadentate sequestering agents undergo protonation reactions. For the determination of the nature of the protonated metal chelates, the stretching frequency of the amide carbonyl has been monitored in D/sub 2/O by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR). These data support a series of two one-proton steps to form a mixed salicylate-catecholate coordination about the metal ion. In the salicylate bonding mode the metal is bound through the ortho phenolic oxygen and the amide cabonyl whereas catecholate coordination is via the adjacent phenols. In contrast, protonation of the M/sup III/(DMBS)/sub 3/ complexes results in dissociation of a catechol moiety to form M/sup III/(DMBS)/sub 2/. The potential use of these compounds as tumor-imaging agents in cancer diagnosis is discussed, with specific attentionmore » to the role of the gallium transferrin complex.« less
Lyman α photolysis of solid nitromethane (CH3NO2) and D3-nitromethane (CD3NO2) - untangling the reaction mechanisms involved in the decomposition of model energetic materials

Solid nitromethane (CH3NO2) along with its isotopically labelled counterpart D3-nitromethane (CD3NO2) ices were exposed to Lyman α photons to investigate the mechanism involved in the decomposition of energetic materials in the condensed phase. The chemical processes in the ices were monitored online and in situ via infrared spectroscopy complimented by temperature programmed desorption studies utilizing highly sensitive reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with pulsed photoionization (ReTOF-PI) at 10.49 eV. The infrared data revealed the formation of cis-methylnitrite (CH3ONO), formaldehyde (H2CO), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Upon sublimation of the irradiated samples, three classes of higher molecular weight products, which are uniquely formed in the condensed phase, were identified via ReTOF-PI: (i) nitroso compounds [nitrosomethane (CH3NO), nitrosoethane (C2H5NO), nitrosopropane (C3H7NO)], (ii) nitrite compounds [methylnitrite (CH3ONO), ethylnitrite (C2H5ONO), propylnitrite (C3H7ONO)], and (iii) higher molecular weight molecules [CH3NONOCH3, CH3NONO2CH3, CH3OCH2NO2, ONCH2CH2NO2]. The mechanistical information obtained in the present study suggest that the decomposition of nitromethane in the condensed phase is more complex compared to the gas phase under collision-free conditions opening up not only hitherto unobserved decomposition pathways of nitromethane (hydrogen atom loss, oxygen atom loss, retro carbene insertion), but also the blocking of several initial decomposition steps due to the ‘matrix cage effect’.
Tutorial on the simulation of healthcare systems

For a variety of reasons, simulation has enjoyed widespread application in health care and health care delivery systems. Although the dominant modeling methodology is discrete event simulation, numerous studies employ system dynamics, agent-based simulation, and hybrid/combined methods. Software has been increasingly adapted to health care through enhanced visualizations and modeling. Virtually every health care environment has been studied using simulation including hospitals, extended care, rehabilitation, specialty care, long-term care, public health, among others. Frequent problems are patient flow, staffing, works schedules, facilities capacity and design, admissions/scheduling, appointments, logistics, and planning. Health care problems are especially complicated by the fact that "people serve people," meaning people are both the customer and the supply. The customers arrive through a complex decision process that produces uncertain demand. The response is an even more complex organization of health care resources, each of which play a distinctive and overlapping role, providing a unique simulation challenge.
Development of a class-selective enzyme immunoassay for urinary phenolic glucuronides

Class-selective immunoassays for the measurement of glucuronides in human urine can aid evaluation of human exposure to complex mixtures of xenobiotics. Therefore, an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the group-selective detection of phenolic -d-glucuronides was developed. The immunoconjugate was formed by coupling p-aminophenyl--d-glucuronide to the carrier protein thyroglobulin leaving an exposed glucuronic acid. Rabbits were injected with the immunogen in order to raise polyclonal antibodies. The resulting antibody #1339 (serum dilution: 1/5000) has been used in combination with a p-aminophenyl-1-thio--d-glucuronide-peroxidase-conjugate as an enzyme tracer (tracer dilution: 1/60 000). The resulting competitive assay is sensitive for phenyl--d-glucuronide (IC50 = 401 ng/ml), p-nitrophenyl--d-glucuronide (IC50 = 244 ng/ml), p-acetamidophenyl--d-glucuronide (IC50 = 239 ng/ml) and p-aminophenyl--d-glucuronide (IC50 = 434 ng/ml). Little or no cross-reactivities were observed for potential urinary cross-reactants. A combination of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassay was developed in an approach to apply the developed EIA for the determination of four different phenolic glucuronides in complex matrices such as human urine. The hyphenated technique HPLC–EIA may be used to monitor human exposure to a combination of related toxic agents including benzene, phenol and phenylamines which are all known to be excreted in urine as their phenolic glucuronic acid conjugates. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Independently controllable dual-feed dual-beam phased array using a piezoelectric transducer

A new independently controllable dual-feed dual-beam phased array has been developed at 30 GHz. Sixty-four planar microstrip patch antennas are used to form a two-dimensional 8/spl times/8 array. Two piezoelectric transducers are used as phase shifters to obtain two independently steerable beams. The measured gain and beam steering angle are 18 dBi and 10/spl deg/, respectively.
Servo experiments for modeling of actuator and windage dynamics in a hard disk drive

This paper presents the results of a parametric identification method for the modeling of the dynamics of a servo actuator and the windage disturbance present in a hard disk drive. The results are obtained with an identification method that is based on a recently introduced extended two-stage method, which enables the estimation of low order complexity models of system and disturbance dynamics on the basis of closed-loop data. As a result, experimental data obtained under realistic servo conditions is used to find low order discrete time models that describe the actuator and windage disturbance dynamics at different locations on the hard disk.
Differences in the Enterococcus faecalis lsa Locus That Influence Susceptibility to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin and Clindamycin

We have previously shown that the Enterococcus faecalis lsa gene, encoding the putative ABC protein Lsa, influences resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) and clindamycin (CLI). We have now found that, while cloned lsa from E. faecalis strain V583 (lsaV) fully restored resistance to Q-D, CLI, and dalfopristin (DAL) lost by the OG1 lsa disruption mutant TX5332 and also caused increased MICs for Lactococcus lactis LM2301, cloned lsa from OG1 (lsaOG) did not cause any increase in MICs for either species. Sequencing of ca. 2 kb of these two lsa alleles found differences between lsaOG and lsaV in the upstream region as well as in the 5′ and 3′ halves of the lsa gene. To investigate the reason for the phenotypic differences expressed by the two cloned loci, 5′ half plus 3′ half hybrid constructs were created. When introduced into both TX5332 and L. lactis, cloned lsaV5′OG3′ conferred increases in MICs of Q-D, CLI, and DAL similar to those of cloned lsaV while cloned lsaOG5′V3′ showed a moderate increase in MICs relative to those of lsaOG, indicating that both halves of the locus can influence resistance expression. After site-directed mutagenesis of the cloned lsa alleles at positions −131 and −133 (relative to the putative Lsa start codon ATG), which converted two A's of lsaV to the G and T of lsaOG and vice versa, MIC testing showed that mutagenized lsaOG (lsaOG-M) was strongly influenced by these changes in terms of conferring increased MICs of Q-D, CLI, and DAL relative to lsaOG while the phenotype of mutagenized lsaV (lsaV-M) was less influenced, with moderately decreased MICs, primarily to CLI, relative to lsaV. In conclusion, this study found that changes in different regions of the E. faecalis lsa locus influence the ability of cloned lsa to confer resistance to Q-D, CLI, and DAL.
Murphy's Law and Counseling

Counselors like anyone else need to find as much humor as possible. Following are some humorous laws encountered by counselors.
The Self-Efficacy Interaction Between Regular Educators and Special Education Students: A Model for Understanding the Mainstreaming Dilemma

The Student-Teacher Self-Efficacy Interaction Model is described as well as how this model provides an explanation for the problems associated with responding to the national emphasis on mainstreaming and the Regular Education Initiative. The variables that contribute to the low self-efficacy of regular educators and special education students and the resultant negative interaction are discussed. Problems that the Regular Education Initiative perpetuate are discussed. A rationale is presented as to why teacher preparation programs will need to reorganize if we expect regular educators to successfully mainstream special education students.
Network Innovation using OpenFlow: A Survey

OpenFlow is currently the most commonly deployed Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. SDN consists of decoupling the control and data planes of a network. A software-based controller is responsible for managing the forwarding information of one or more switches; the hardware only handles the forwarding of traffic according to the rules set by the controller. OpenFlow is an SDN technology proposed to standardize the way that a controller communicates with network devices in an SDN architecture. It was proposed to enable researchers to test new ideas in a production environment. OpenFlow provides a specification to migrate the control logic from a switch into the controller. It also defines a protocol for the communication between the controller and the switches. As discussed in this survey paper, OpenFlow-based architectures have specific capabilities that can be exploited by researchers to experiment with new ideas and test novel applications. These capabilities include software-based traffic analysis, centralized control, dynamic updating of forwarding rules and flow abstraction. OpenFlow-based applications have been proposed to ease the configuration of a network, to simplify network management and to add security features, to virtualize networks and data centers and to deploy mobile systems. These applications run on top of networking operating systems such as Nox, Beacon, Maestro, Floodlight, Trema or Node.Flow. Larger scale OpenFlow infrastructures have been deployed to allow the research community to run experiments and test their applications in more realistic scenarios. Also, studies have measured the performance of OpenFlow networks through modelling and experimentation. We describe the challenges facing the large scale deployment of OpenFlow-based networks and we discuss future research directions of this technology.
A maximum pseudo-likelihood approach for estimating species trees under the coalescent model

Several phylogenetic approaches have been developed to estimate species trees from collections of gene trees. However, maximum likelihood approaches for estimating species trees under the coalescent model are limited. Although the likelihood of a species tree under the multispecies coalescent model has already been derived by Rannala and Yang, it can be shown that the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the species tree (topology, branch lengths, and population sizes) from gene trees under this formula does not exist. In this paper, we develop a pseudo-likelihood function of the species tree to obtain maximum pseudo-likelihood estimates (MPE) of species trees, with branch lengths of the species tree in coalescent units. We show that the MPE of the species tree is statistically consistent as the number M of genes goes to infinity. In addition, the probability that the MPE of the species tree matches the true species tree converges to 1 at rate O(M -1). The simulation results confirm that the maximum pseudo-likelihood approach is statistically consistent even when the species tree is in the anomaly zone. We applied our method, Maximum Pseudo-likelihood for Estimating Species Trees (MP-EST) to a mammal dataset. The four major clades found in the MP-EST tree are consistent with those in the Bayesian concatenation tree. The bootstrap supports for the species tree estimated by the MP-EST method are more reasonable than the posterior probability supports given by the Bayesian concatenation method in reflecting the level of uncertainty in gene trees and controversies over the relationship of four major groups of placental mammals. MP-EST can consistently estimate the topology and branch lengths (in coalescent units) of the species tree. Although the pseudo-likelihood is derived from coalescent theory, and assumes no gene flow or horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the MP-EST method is robust to a small amount of HGT in the dataset. In addition, increasing the number of genes does not increase the computational time substantially. The MP-EST method is fast for analyzing datasets that involve a large number of genes but a moderate number of species.
Defying Intuition: Demonstrating the Importance of the Empirical Technique

A simple stay-switch probability game demonstrates the importance of empirically testing our beliefs. Based on intuition, most undergraduate subjects believe that a stay strategy leads to a higher percentage of winning, and most faculty subjects believe that the staying and switching strategies yield equal probabilities of winning. However, a simple in-class experiment proves that switching wins twice as often as staying. Rather than teaching specific probability principles, this demonstration emphasizes reliance on empirically validating our beliefs. A follow-up questionnaire shows that participating in this experiment may increase students' trust in the empirical method.
Effect of anemia and polycythemia on growth of A Mel 4 in hamsters.

Previous studies indicated that hyperbaric oxygenation (HPO) decreased growth of transplanted A Mel 4 in hamsters. The present study was designed to determine if the effect of HPO might be on the level of a growth-promoting hormone whose release is sensitive to tissue oxygen concentration. No difference in tumor growth was observed when polycythemic and anemic hamsters were compared. This observation makes it unlikely that a hormonal factor is operative in the HPO effect, and lends further credence to the hypothesis that HPO is directly toxic to tumor tissue.
Overlooked and underserved: Widowed fathers with dependent-age children.

Objective: Widowed fathers and their children are at heightened risk for poor coping and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes. This exploratory study is the first to explicitly examine the psychological characteristics of this population of fathers. Method: Some 259 fathers (mean age ¼ 46.81; 90% Caucasian) with dependent-age children and whose wives had died from cancer within the previous five years completed a web-based survey that consisted of demographic questions, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), the Texas Inventory of Grief‐Revised (TRIG‐R), the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS), the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (KPSS), and items assessing perceived parental efficacy. Results: Fathers were found to have elevated depressive (CES‐D mean ¼ 22.6) and grief (TRIG‐R mean ¼ 70.3) symptomatology, low adaptation (PAS mean ¼ 3.2), and high levels of stress related to their parenting role. They reported being satisfied with their parenting (KPSS mean ¼ 15.8) and having met their own parental expectations. Multivariate analyses revealed anassociation between father’s age and depression (p ¼ ,0.01), with younger fathers reporting greaterdepressivesymptoms.Psychologicaladaptationwaspositivelycorrelatedwithbeingina romantic relationship (p ¼ 0.02) and age of oldest child (p ¼ 0.02). Significance of results: The results of our exploratory study suggest that, while widowed fathers perceive themselves as meeting their parental responsibilities, it comes at a substantial psychological cost, with particularly high stress related to being a sole parent. These findings may help guide interventions for this neglected population and underscore the importance of developing targeted therapies and research protocols to address their needs.
Influenza in Immunosuppressed Populations: A Review of Infection Frequency, Morbidity, Mortality, and Vaccine Responses

Patients that are immunosuppressed might be at risk of serious influenza-associated complications. As a result, multiple guidelines recommend influenza vaccination for patients infected with HIV, who have received solid-organ transplants, who have received haemopoietic stem-cell transplants, and patients on haemodialysis. However, immunosuppression might also limit vaccine responses. To better inform policy, we reviewed the published work relevant to incidence, outcomes, and prevention of influenza infection in these patients, and in patients being treated chemotherapy and with systemic corticosteroids. Available data suggest that most immunosuppressed populations are indeed at higher risk of influenza-associated complications, have a general trend toward impaired humoral vaccine responses (although these data are mixed), and can be safely vaccinated—although longitudinal data are largely lacking. Randomised clinical trial data were limited to one study of HIV-infected patients with high vaccine efficacy. Better trial data would inform vaccination recommendations on the basis of efficacy and cost in these at-risk populations.
Familial context of genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: moderating effect of siblings' test results on psychological distress one to two weeks after BRCA1 mutation testing.

Objectives. To determine whether psychological distress differs among individuals tested for a BRCA1 mutation and is moderated by the pattern of their siblings’ test results. Materials and Methods. Participants in this study are members of a large kindred identified with a BRCA1 mutation. Subjects included 87 males and 125 females who completed a baseline interview, were tested for a BRCA1 gene mutation, received their results in person from a genetic counselor, completed a follow-up interview 1–2 weeks after the receipt of their test results, and had complete data on all variables used in the analysis. The main outcome of the study was psychological distress as measured by the Impact of Event Scale during the 1–2 week follow-up interview. Data were analyzed based on multiple regression. Results. Male carriers, relative to noncarriers, experienced significantly more distress if they were the first tested than when all of their tested siblings were already known to be negative. Noncarrier males whose siblings all tested positive also encountered significant test-related distress. The largest adverse psychological consequences for female carriers, relative to noncarriers, were for those who were tested first and those whose tested siblings were noncarriers. Conclusions. The familial context in which genetic testing is conducted may be important for understanding how individuals react to their own test results.
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Luminescent Binary Probe for DNA Detection Based on Spin-Forbidden Resonance Energy Transfer

We describe the design of new fluorescent binary probe sensors for DNA detection based on spin-forbidden resonance energy transfer (SF-RET). Binary probes consist of a donor and acceptor fluorophores that are attached to two different oligonucleotides and serve as a resonance energy transfer (RET) donor−acceptor pair when hybridized to adjacent sites of a target sequence. In the absence of target, excitation of the donor results in fluorescence only from the donor, but when the probes hybridize to the target, the fluorophores are brought into close proximity favoring RET, yielding fluorescence mainly from the acceptor fluorophore. These new binary probes use the metal complex Ru(bpy‘)(DIP)_2^(2+) as the energy donor and an organic fluorophore (Cy5) as the energy acceptor. Energy transfer from the MLCT state of the Ru complex to singlet Cy5 is spin forbidden and produces a delayed fluorescence of Cy5. This paper demonstrates that fluorescence delay of Cy5 can be used to time resolve the emission of the probe from the intense fluorescence background of a model system for cellular background; this provides the reported system to overcome intense autofluorescence, an important and general advantage over “classical” spin-allowed steady-state probes.
Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain

Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain. Faye D. Ginsburg, Lila Abu-Lughod, and Brian Larkin, editors. Berkeley: The University of California Press. 2002.
Essential role for IL-6 in postresuscitation inflammation in hemorrhagic shock.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced within multiple tissues and can be readily detected in the circulation in resuscitated hemorrhagic shock (HS). Instillation of IL-6 into lungs of normal rats induce...
Addressing Diversity in the Decade of Behavior: Focus on Women of Color

The Decade of Behavior provides an opportunity to reflect on the need for psychologists to develop a “diversity mindfulness” in their education, training, and research activities, a need that has never been more urgent. In this article, we focus on the lives of women of color to illustrate diversity-mindful feminist principles that may inform research and program development related to other aspects of diversity. We discuss perspectives and priorities of women of color in psychology. We consider why implementing feminist psychology's inclusive vision for research is a continuing struggle, particularly with regard to research on poor women, and identify some contributions and priorities of feminist research on women of color that relate to Decade goals of achieving a “safer, better educated, healthier, more democratic and more prosperous nation” (White, Travis, & Russo, 2001, p. x). Understanding and incorporating perspectives of women of color in Decade activities is essential if researchers are to generate new knowledge “to prepare the world for facing emerging problems in the 21st century” (Decade of Behavior website: http://www.decadeofbehavior.org).
Mixed-initiative interfaces for slide-ware authoring and presentation

We present current work on the NextSlidePlease slide-ware presentation tool and discuss how mixed-initiative principles may support the complex tasks of combining multiple linear presentations into a network of related content. We discuss future directions in two areas: supporting the layout of complex sets of interconnected slides, and refining the time requirements and content importance in these networks.
Delayed clearance of chloramphenicol from serum in patients with hematologic toxicity.

The clearance of chloramphenicol from serum was studied in 18 patients. A significantly impaired clearance was found in all patients who manifested erythropoietic toxicity. Seven of the 18 patients were tested before chloramphenicol therapy was started. From these results it was possible to predict the patients who would subsequently develop hematologic toxicity. Therefore, prior testing with chloramphenicol may be valuable in screening adults susceptible to hematologic toxicity when the use of this drug is contemplated.
Management of gastric leaks after sleeve gastrectomy with endoluminal vacuum (E-Vac) therapy

Abstract Background Sleeve gastrectomy has become a popular weight loss procedure, but it is associated with staple line leak resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Current management options range from endoscopic techniques (predominantly stent placement) to surgical intervention. Objective The purpose of this study was to recognize endoluminal vacuum (E-Vac) therapy as a viable option for use in anastomotic leaks of sleeve gastrectomies. Setting This study took place at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Texas. Methods Retrospective and prospectively gathered registries for use of E-Vac therapy were queried to identify 35 patients. Using upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 9 of these patients were identified with a staple line leak from laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). E-Vac therapy was used to resolve the leak. Results Nine patients were treated with E-Vac therapy. Eight of 9 patients were admitted from outside hospitals with a mean of 61 days (5–233) after LSG. During treatment, an average of 10.3 procedures per patient was done to place and exchange the Endo-SPONGE. All 9 patients had resolution of leaks confirmed by upper gastrointestinal series, after undergoing E-Vac therapy for an average of 50 days. Six of 9 patients had laparoscopic procedures before their admission. During admission, 5 of the 9 patients had self-expanding metal stents placed with failure of leak resolution. Discharge disposition included 2 patients sent to rehabilitation facilities, 1 death not attributable to E-Vac, and 6 patients went home. Conclusion E-Vac therapy is a viable option for patients with staple line leak after LSG.
Electrochemical Camera Chip for Simultaneous Imaging of Multiple Metabolites in Biofilms

Monitoring spatial distribution of metabolites in multicellular structures can enhance understanding of the biochemical processes and regulation involved in cellular community development. Here we report on an electrochemical camera chip capable of simultaneous spatial imaging of multiple redox-active phenazine metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 colony biofilms. The chip features an 8 mm × 8 mm array of 1,824 electrodes multiplexed to 38 parallel output channels. Using this chip, we demonstrate potential-sweep-based electrochemical imaging of whole-biofilms at measurement rates in excess of 0.2 s per electrode. Analysis of mutants with various capacities for phenazine production reveals distribution of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) throughout the colony, with 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA) and pyocyanin (PYO) localized to the colony edge. Anaerobic growth on nitrate confirms the O2-dependence of PYO production and indicates an effect of O2 availability on 5-MCA synthesis. This integrated-circuit-based technique promises wide applicability in detecting redox-active species from diverse biological samples.
NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Controlling Intervertebral Disk Cell Response to Inflammatory and Mechanical Stressors.

Background Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) has a greater than 90% lifetime incidence and is one of the leading causes of chronic back pain in the United States. Despite the high societal cost of IDD, there is limited understanding of the biological effects of mechanical overloading on further degeneration. The transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) has been implicated as a key mediator of disk cell response to inflammatory and mechanical stresses and represents a potential control point. Objective The study objective was to measure the effect of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition on annulus fibrosus (AF) cell matrix synthesis and gene expression under conditions of combined inflammatory and mechanical stimulation. Methods Annulus fibrosus cells were harvested from rabbit intervertebral disks and grown in vitro on flexible plates. The cells were exposed to inflammatory and mechanical stimulation for 24 hours with and without NF-κB inhibition. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB was measured via immunofluorescent staining. Intervertebral disk cell homeostasis was assessed via inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic gene expression and via matrix synthetic ability. Results NF-κB nuclear translocation in response to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was reversed with exposure to NF-κB inhibition. NF-κB inhibition decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression and prostaglandin E2 production response to combined inflammatory and mechanical stimulation. Proteoglycan and collagen synthesis were decreased by combined stimulation, but this effect was not reversed by NF-κB inhibition. Limitations In vitro modeling of conditions within the disk may not fully reflect the response that AF cells have in native matrix. Conclusions NF-κB signaling mediates catabolic and inflammatory responses to inflammatory and mechanical stimulation but does not mediate the decrease in matrix synthesis under combined harmful stimulation. Identification of key control points in the cellular responses to inflammatory and mechanical stimuli will facilitate rational design of exercise-based therapies and facilitate synergistic treatments of novel biochemical treatments with rehabilitation regimens.
An arc orienteering algorithm to find the most scenic path on a large-scale road network

Traditional route planning problems mainly focus on finding the shortest path considering the travel distance or time. In this paper, we aim to find the most scenic path that offers the most beautiful sceneries on the arcs of a path while the total travel cost (distance or time) is within a user-specified budget. This is a challenging problem as the optimization objective is to maximize the value of the path (i.e., its scenic value) instead of minimizing its cost (distance or time). The problem can be formulated as a variant of the Arc Orienteering Problem (AOP), which is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Due to the fast response-time requirements of interactive mobile and online applications (e.g., within 300 milliseconds) and the large scale of real-world road networks, existing heuristic algorithms for AOP fail to solve the most scenic road problem. Therefore, unlike the existing approaches for AOP where they treat the road network as a traditional graph in which all-pair distances are pre-computed a priori, in this work, we treat the road network as a spatial network, utilizing the techniques from the field of spatial database: ellipse pruning and spatial indexing. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed algorithms, which can achieve over 95% accuracy within 300 milliseconds on large-scale datasets (over 100K network nodes).
Telemetering Hydrologic Data

Automatic equipment is described to fulfill requirement for optimized operation of reservoirs and other flood control structures by allowing rapid and unattended reporting of river levels and precipitation amounts from remote points; emphasis is on design of telemetering devices and system engineering for radio transmission of data.
Infrasound Measurements of a Railroad Bridge

Infrasound is acoustic energy whose frequency is below that of human perception. Large infrastructure, such as bridges, emits such signals at their natural or driven frequencies of vibration. These frequencies can provide an indication of the structural condition. Recent developments in acoustic propagation have enabled the detection of infrasound at large distances from its source. Thus it may represent a means of remotely detecting the condition of large structures. The feasibility of this was recently evaluated in an in-service test of a railroad bridge. In the evaluation the infrasound results are compared with those from operational modal testing and finite element analysis. BACKGROUND Infrasound is low frequency sound waves between 0.1 to 20 Hz, below the range of human hearing from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. There are many sources of infrasound including volcanoes, earthquakes, bolides (meteors), manmade explosions, mining explosions, atmospheric explosions, surf, missiles, rockets, weather systems and even animal vocalizations (1). Infrasound propagation depends on the effective sound speed of the atmosphere through which it travels. Effective sound speed profiles are calculated by:
Consumer Choice Behavior: An Experimental Approach

Predicting consumer behavior with attitude measures has not always been successful. It is proposed to deal directly with the attitude components. In this article one such approach is discussed, and...
Comparison of Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Nabis roseipennis (Heteroptera: Nabidae) as predators of the green cloverworm (lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The ability of nymphal and adult Orius insidiosus (Say) to prey upon eggs and early instars of the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), was determined in the laboratory. Second instars, 4th instars, adult males, and females of the predator were tested separately on excised soybean leaflets in small arenas. All tested instars and stages of O. insidiosus fed upon eggs and 1st instars of the green cloverworm, with older predators consuming more prey than younger predators. Fourth instars and adults also preyed upon 2nd-instar caterpillars. No stage of O. insidiosus was able to feed upon 3rd instars of the green cloverworm. Using potted soybean plants, we compared the mortality inflicted on eggs and 1st and 2nd instars of the green cloverworm by O. insidiosus and Nabis roseipennis Reuter when the 2 predator species searched alone and in combination. Regardless of prey stage or instar, N. roseipennis consumed far more prey than did O. insidiosus when the predators were tested separately. When the 2 predator species searched for prey together, mortality inflicted by adult O. insidiosus and adult N. roseipennis appeared to be additive; in other combinations of predator stages or instars, combined predation by the 2 predator species did not differ from that observed for N. roseipennis alone. Despite low individual predation rates, O. insidiosus should not be discounted as a potentially important predator of green cloverworm eggs and small larvae in soybean fields, because it is often the most abundant predaceous species associated with this crop.
Longitudinal Author Cocitation Mapping: The Changing Structure of Decision Support Systems Research (1969-2012)

Longitudinal Author Cocitation Mapping: The Changing Structure of Decision Support Systems Research (1969–2012)
Studies of Astrovirus Structure–Function Relationships

Abstract Astroviruses are small, nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses that cause asymptomatic infections or a range of clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, hepatitis, nephritis, or encephalitis depending on the animal host. Although primarily associated with diarrhea, more recent studies have linked particular human astrovirus genotypes with encephalitis. Structural studies have provided insights into viral maturation and putative receptor binding site(s) and are beginning to uncover more information on pathogenesis. Here, we summarize what is known about astrovirus structure and how those structures impact on viral replication and disease pathogenesis.
Silenced by Betrayal: The Path from Childhood Trauma to Diminished Sexual Communication in Adulthood

ABSTRACTBetrayal traumas (Freyd, 1996), abuses that violate trust or dependency, predict numerous negative outcomes, including dissociation and revictimization (DePrince & Freyd, 2007; Gobin & Freyd, 2009; Goldsmith, Freyd, & DePrince, 2012). No previous empirical research examines the relation between betrayal and sexual health, including dissociation during sex. This article addresses this gap with 2 studies, which provide support for a multiple mediation model where high betrayal in childhood predicts worsened sexual communication in adulthood through trait dissociation and sexual dissociation in serial. In both studies, the direct path between betrayal and sexual communication was nonsignificant; only when accounting for trait dissociation overall and sexual dissociation in particular does childhood betrayal predict diminished communication with sex partners in adulthood.
Maternal Factors in Lactation Failure

Lactation failure is not clearly defined in the literature and has been given a variety of definitions which can be summarized as: (a) failure of the breasts to produce minimum of milk for example 200 cc per day, (b) failure to thrive in the infant i.e. failure to sustain growth in a normal infant within 2 standard deviations of the norm for that infant, and (c) failure of the mother to achieve her pre-set goal for duration of lactation (1).
The Rial-Dollar Exchange Rate and Purchasing Power Parity Theory

Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, Iranian currency has depreciated from 70 rials per dollar to as low as some 36000 rials per dollar. Has this movement followed the path predicted by the well-known Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory? In this paper we show that the answer is in the affirmative and the dominating factor causing the decline is domestic inflation. Following the theory, we predict a rate of almost 47000 rials to the dollar.
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem-cell administration significantly improves outcome after retinal ischemia in rats

Ischemia-associated retinal degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss, and to date, there are no effective treatment options. We hypothesized that delayed injection of bone-marrow stem cells (BMSCs) 24 h after the onset of ischemia could effectively rescue ischemic retina from its consequences, including apoptosis, inflammation, and increased vascular permeability, thereby preventing retinal cell loss. Retinal ischemia was induced in adult Wistar rats by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) to 130–135 mmHg for 55 min. BMSCs harvested from rat femur were injected into the vitreous 24 h post-ischemia. Functional recovery was assessed 7 days later using electroretinography (ERG) measurements of the a-wave, b-wave, P2, scotopic threshold response (STR), and oscillatory potentials (OP). The retinal injury and anti-ischemic effects of BMSCs were quantitated by measuring apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory markers, and retinal–blood barrier permeability. The distribution and fate of BMSC were qualitatively examined using real-time fundus imaging, and retinal flat mounts. Intravitreal delivery of BMSCs significantly improved recovery of the ERG a- and b-waves, OP, negative STR, and P2, and attenuated apoptosis as evidenced by decreased TUNEL and caspase-3 protein levels. BMSCs significantly increased autophagy, decreased inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and diminished retinal vascular permeability. BMSCs persisted in the vitreous and were also found within ischemic retina. Taken together, our results indicate that intravitreal injection of BMSCs rescued the retina from ischemic damage in a rat model. The mechanisms include suppression of apoptosis, attenuation of inflammation and vascular permeability, and preservation of autophagy.