cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a Smart City Utilizing Photopiezoelectric Panels

Towns and cities throughout the world have the single greatest operating cost in common, the price of electricity for powering streetlights and other similar infrastructure. These same towns and cities also all experience sunlight and accommodate their residents walking throughout along sidewalks and streets. The sunlight shining down onto the pavement and sidewalks of these cities are potential energy sources currently being wasted along with the vibrations created by people walking down the sidewalks. Devising a method to capture both the sunlight and vibrational energies and converting them into usable electrical energy would aid in easing the operating burdens experienced by towns and cities across the globe. The scope of this research is to design and integrate a conceptual photopiezoelectric device, or photokinetic panel, into a smart city to serve as the singular power source for street lights and other similar city infrastructure. This research is intended to (1) design a conceptual photopiezoelectric device, (2) theoretically integrate the conceptual photopiezoelectric device into a city, and (3) analyze the performance of said conceptual photopiezoelectric device to determine potential power output and development and deployment feasibilities.
Natural population variability may be masking the more-individuals hypothesis.

Species richness and productivity are correlated at global and regional scales, but the mechanisms linking them are inconclusive. The most commonly invoked mechanism, the more-individuals hypothesis (MIH), hypothesizes that increased productivity leads to increased food resource availability, which leads to an increased number of individuals supporting more species. Empirical evidence for the MIH remains mixed despite a substantial literature. Here we used simulations to determine whether interannual population variability could be masking a "true" MIH relationship. In each simulation, fixed linear relationships between productivity, richness, and 50-yr average abundance mimicked the MIH mechanism. Abundance was allowed to vary annually and sampled for 1-40 yr. Linear regressions of richness on sampled abundance assessed the probability of detecting the fixed MIH relationship. Medium to high population variability with short-term sampling (1-3 yr) led to poor detection of the fixed MIH relationship. Notably, this level of sampling and population variability describes nearly all MIH studies to date. Long-term sampling (5+ yr) led to improved detection of the fixed relationship; thus it is necessary to detect support for the MIH reliably. Such sampling duration is nonexistent in the MIH literature. Robust future studies of the MIH necessitate consideration of interannual population variability.
26.5 A 20µW Heartbeat Detection System-on-Chip Powered by Human Body Heat for Self-Sustaining Wearable Healthcare

Wearable devices are expanding beyond consumer and entertainment applications, including continuous monitoring of vital signs for medical diagnostics, due to extended ambulatory measurement capabilities compared to fixed clinical environments. Continuous long-term use is difficult for battery-powered devices in a wearable form-factor, whereas ambient energy harvesting promises power autonomy to enable indefinite lifetime for true battery-less devices. However, accurate vitals measurement under real-world motion conditions is energy intensive [1], making it difficult to provide reliable and medically relevant data using typical micro-watt power levels available from energy harvesting.
Speed oscillations in classical pilot-wave dynamics.

We present the results of a theoretical investigation of a dynamical system consisting of a particle self-propelling through a resonant interaction with its own quasi-monochromatic pilot-wave field...
Meliorism and knowledge mobilization: Strategies for occupational science research and practice

This article proposes that ‘meliorism’—a philosophical belief in people’s abilities to improve lived experience through engaged problem-solving—is a useful concept to describe and orient occupation...
Comparison-Based Image Quality Assessment for Selecting Image Restoration Parameters

Image quality assessment (IQA) is traditionally classified into full-reference (FR) IQA, reduced-reference (RR) IQA, and no-reference (NR) IQA according to the amount of information required from the original image. Although NR-IQA and RR-IQA are widely used in practical applications, room for improvement still remains because of the lack of the reference image. Inspired by the fact that in many applications, such as parameter selection for image restoration algorithms, a series of distorted images are available, the authors propose a novel comparison-based IQA (C-IQA) framework. The new comparison-based framework parallels FR-IQA by requiring two input images and resembles NR-IQA by not using the original image. As a result, the new comparison-based approach has more application scenarios than FR-IQA does, and takes greater advantage of the accessible information than the traditional single-input NR-IQA does. Further, C-IQA is compared with other state-of-the-art NR-IQA methods and another RR-IQA method on two widely used IQA databases. Experimental results show that C-IQA outperforms the other methods for parameter selection, and the parameter trimming framework combined with C-IQA saves the computation of iterative image reconstruction up to 80%.
How do childcare and pregnancy affect the academic success of college students

We examined socioeconomic, academic, and health-related factors associated with respondent reports that childcare interfered with academics.176 undergraduate student parentsWe administered a cross-...
Abstract P080: Lifetime Trauma Is Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure In Middle-aged And Older Latinas

Introduction: Latina women are more likely than non-Latina White women to have uncontrolled and undertreated hypertension. Prior research suggests greater exposure to traumatic experiences (such as...
EDoF-ToF: extended depth of field time-of-flight imaging

Conventional continuous-wave amplitude-modulated time-of-flight (CWAM ToF) cameras suffer from a fundamental trade-off between light throughput and depth of field (DoF): a larger lens aperture allows more light collection but suffers from significantly lower DoF. However, both high light throughput, which increases signal-to-noise ratio, and a wide DoF, which enlarges the system’s applicable depth range, are valuable for CWAM ToF applications. In this work, we propose EDoF-ToF, an algorithmic method to extend the DoF of large-aperture CWAM ToF cameras by using a neural network to deblur objects outside of the lens’s narrow focal region and thus produce an all-in-focus measurement. A key component of our work is the proposed large-aperture ToF training data simulator, which models the depth-dependent blurs and partial occlusions caused by such apertures. Contrary to conventional image deblurring where the blur model is typically linear, ToF depth maps are nonlinear functions of scene intensities, resulting in a nonlinear blur model that we also derive for our simulator. Unlike extended DoF for conventional photography where depth information needs to be encoded (or made depth-invariant) using additional hardware (phase masks, focal sweeping, etc.), ToF sensor measurements naturally encode depth information, allowing a completely software solution to extended DoF. We experimentally demonstrate EDoF-ToF increasing the DoF of a conventional ToF system by 3.6 ×, effectively achieving the DoF of a smaller lens aperture that allows 22.1 × less light. Ultimately, EDoF-ToF enables CWAM ToF cameras to enjoy the benefits of both high light throughput and a wide DoF.
Development of an Asphalt Binder Cracking Device

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project developed a simple asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD) to determine the thermal cracking temperature of asphalt binders. The ABCD setup uses silicone molds and steel rings. When compared with AASHTO MP1 and 1a tests, the ABCD test showed best correlation with the thermal stress restrained specimen test for cracking temperature. The test also revealed a significant effect of polymer content on cracking temperature and fracture strength as compared to AASHTO M320 test. Additional work improved the ABCD ring design and the data acquisition system. A ring with a biaxial strain gauge, a temperature sensor, and a Ni-chrome spot-welded connector bracket significantly improved the accuracy.
Natural History and Common Misconceptions: Treatment with Education and Empathy

Enthesopathy of the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (eECRB) feels like damage, the associated pain feels like interference with healing, and it feels as if something needs to be done or it will hurt forever. However, best evidence suggests that eECRB is a common, benign, self-limited rite of passage through middle-age that lasts about a year or so and for which we have no disease-modifying treatments. That is difficult for patients and caregivers to believe. Curiosity—an enthusiasm for thinking past one’s first impressions—seems key to minimizing symptoms and disability in diseases like eECRB. Patients can learn self-efficacy (confidence they can reach their goals in spite of symptoms) and caregivers can either reinforce or undermine this effective coping strategy by what they do and say. Given that self-efficacy is—by far—the strongest predictor of pain intensity and magnitude of disability, caregivers should try to optimize it with all they say and do for each patient.
Some Factors Which Affect Amino Acid Uptake by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

When fully grown cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were suspended in a solution of glucose and labeled amino acids, there was a lag phase before rapid uptake of certain amino acids. During this lag, significant amounts of sugar were utilized. The lag phase varied in length, depending upon the amino acid under study, but could be shortened by aeration of the cells and eliminated by their preincubation in glucose solution. Divalent metal ions, especially Ca2+ added during the early stages of the lag phase, increased the length of the lag, an effect that could be reversed by washing with ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but amino acids which normally showed little or no lag before uptake were insensitive to Ca2+. The rate of uptake of amino acids or of sugar was essentially unaffected by Ca2+, whereas 2,4-dinitrophenol caused an overall decrease in the rate of uptake of all amino acids tested. The relevance of these observations to commercial brewing practice is shown.
Introduction to Symposium: Media, Law and Ethics Enter the 21st Century

Today we find ourselves in a world where the once fantastic has become commonplace. We can search worldwide catalogs of libraries, listen to radio from foreign countries, and tour the wonders of the world, all from our home computers. We talk on wireless telephones and in virtual “rooms” to people the world over about everything from aardvark poetry to ZZ Top. We watch the movies we want when we want them without having to go to a theater to pay too much for popcorn -- even though sometimes we go because the screen is bigger and the butter tastes better. We expect -- not hope, not merely desire, but expect -- to watch Olympic events in Australia as they happen, or when we wake up in the morning, whichever we choose. Our science fiction today shows us a future in cyberspace where we can not only read and “chat,” but live and die. In the year 2000 we have completed a transition that after World War II had only just begun: Instead of technology surprising us with possibilities we had not imagined, we now expect technology to make our dreams come true. Yet at this millennial threshold, we find ourselves asking the same question that was so pertinent to the Hutchins Commission more than fifty years ago. It bears repeating: With the immeasurable power of burgeoning technologies increasingly concentrated in profit oriented big businesses, will media rise to their responsibility to a world of nations seeking understanding? Or will irresponsibility deprive media of their freedom?
Commercialization and standardization progress towards an optical communications Earth relay

NASA is planning to launch the next generation of a space based Earth relay in 2025 to join the current Space Network, consisting of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites in space and the corresponding infrastructure on Earth. While the requirements and architecture for that relay satellite are unknown at this time, NASA is investing in communications technologies that could be deployed to provide new communications services. One of those new technologies is optical communications. The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) project, scheduled for launch in 2018 as a hosted payload on a commercial communications satellite, is a critical pathfinder towards NASA providing optical communications services on the next generation space based relay. This paper will describe NASA efforts in the on-going commercialization of optical communications and the development of inter-operability standards. Both are seen as critical to making optical communications a reality on future NASA science and exploration missions. Commercialization is important because NASA would like to eventually be able to simply purchase an entire optical communications terminal from a commercial provider. Inter-operability standards are needed to ensure that optical communications terminals developed by one vendor are compatible with the terminals of another. International standards in optical communications would also allow the space missions of one nation to use the infrastructure of another.
Community-based case management effectiveness in populations that abuse substances.

Background The number of persons who are substance abusing has been increasing globally. A majority of them remain in their communities, untreated. Empirical studies have shown some positive impacts of case management on substance abuse. However, studies that systematically synthesize the effectiveness of community-based case management with populations that abuse substances are limited. Aim To review evidence of the impact of case management in improving treatment of substance abuse among adults in community settings. Methods The Cochrane processes guided this systematic review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Ovid and the Web of Science were searched to retrieve primary studies published from 2000 to 2013. All randomized controlled trials were considered for review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Results The initial unfiltered search identified 506 references. A total of seven randomized controlled trials were selected for review. Findings show that, compared with clinical case management and usual care, community-based case management services significantly improved clients' ability to abstain from drug use, reduced social problems, supported unmet service needs and improved satisfaction. Studies also showed reduced use of healthcare services, but results were mixed. Conclusions There is an evidence base for practicing case management among adults who are substance abusing. In general, studies concluded that case management is an active and assertive method of care coordination for formal substance abuse treatment. Further research is needed to assess case management's cost-effectiveness and the impact of dosage on client outcomes. Implications for Nursing Policy Because of the complexity of population health management across settings and over long time frames, evidence-based strategies are required to achieve health improvements. Because it provides continuous and timely care, healthcare leaders and policymakers should consider community-based case management as an important strategy for coordinating the care in populations that are substance abusing.
Influence of vitamin A injection before mating on oocyte development, follicular hormones, and ovulation in gilts fed high-energy diets

Previous research revealed that treatment with vitamin A approximately 5 d before ovulation may increase litter size in weaned sows and improve embryonal survival in gilts fed high-energy diets that reduced embryonal survival. For the current study, the hypothesis was that administration of vitamin A before ovulation would alter development of follicles and oocytes in a way favorable to enhanced embryonal survival. (Landrace x Large White) x (Duroc x Hampshire) gilts (n = 44) were fed 11.0 Mcal ME x gilt(-1) x d(-1) beginning 7 d after second estrus and given (i.m.) corn oil or 1 x 10(6) IU of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) on d 15 after second estrus. Gilts were checked for estrus every 4 h, mated naturally at third estrus, and assigned randomly to undergo midventral laparotomy beginning at 24 to 28, 28 to 32, 32 to 36, or 36 to 40 h after onset of third estrus. At laparotomy, ovulated oocytes and early-stage embryos were recovered from oviducts, and ovaries were removed for aspiration of oocytes and granulosa cells from unovulated follicles. Oocytes and embryos were stained for assessment of stage of development. Granulosa cells were cultured to assess their ability to secrete progesterone. Follicular fluid was assayed for progesterone, estradiol-17beta, IGF-I, and PGF2alpha. Treatment with vitamin A altered development of oocytes and embryos by decreasing the percentage at the germinal vesicle stage and increasing the percentage at advanced stages. Mean stage of development was increased by vitamin A, but variation in stage was decreased. Among follicles matched by meiotic stage of oocyte, follicular fluid concentrations of progesterone, IGF-I, and PGF2alpha were greater in vitamin A-treated gilts than in controls, but treatment with vitamin A in vivo did not affect LH-stimulated or unstimulated secretion of progesterone by granulosa cells in vitro. These data provide evidence that vitamin A may influence embryonic development by advancing resumption of meiosis and altering follicular hormonal environment during follicle maturation.
Verbal Humor in Gifted Students and Students in the General Population: A Comparison of Spontaneous Mirth and Comprehension:

The spontaneous mirth response and comprehension of verbal humor were compared in gifted students and students from the general population. A total of 120 students in grades four, six, and eight pa...
Fluorescence in the Heavy Ion Radiolysis of Benzene

Fluorescence emission has been measured in the radiolysis of neat liquid benzene with 1-15 MeV protons, 5-20 MeV helium ions, 5-30 MeV lithium ions, and 10-30 MeV carbon ions using single photon counting techniques. Companion studies were performed with {sup 90}Sr-{sup 90}Y {beta}-particles with an average energy of about 1.66 MeV. Within 30-50 ns following the passage of the heavy particles the fluorescence intensity decreases rapidly and then levels off to a much slower decay rate which is very nearly the same for {beta}-particles and high-energy protons and helium ions. The lifetimes of both the fast and slow components of the fluorescence decrease with increasing linear energy transfer (LET), and the magnitude of the fast component increases with respect to the slower one. Quenching of the fluorescence by radicals or other transient species produced in the particle track are thought to be responsible for the observations. At low LET the relative yield of the fluorescence decreases with increasing LET, presumably due to the quenching. However, at higher LET the fluorescence yield increases with increasing LET. Self-annihilation reactions of the triplet states to give singlet states may be the source of these observations. These experiments are the first in which themore » temporal variation of fluorescence emission has been determined in a neat hydrocarbon liquid irradiated with heavy ions. 41 refs., 5 figs.« less
Java in the box: implementing the BoxScript component language

BoxScript is a Java-based language that supports the component-oriented programming paradigm. BoxScript introduces a composition strategy and type structure to support two main properties of component-oriented programming, compositionality and flexibility. This paper briefly introduces the fundamental concepts of BoxScript and then describes how BoxScript components (i.e., boxes) are realized as clusters of interrelated Java interfaces, classes, and packages.
Silicon Carbide Differential Amplifiers for High-Temperature Sensing

This paper presents silicon carbide sensor interface circuits and techniques for MEMSbased sensors operating in harsh environments. More specifically, differential amplifiers were constructed using integrated, depletion-mode, n-channel, 6H-SiC JFETs and off-chip passive components. A three-stage voltage amplifier has a differential voltage gain of ~50 dB and a gainbandwidth of ~200 kHz at 450oC, as limited by test parasitics. Such an amplifier could be used to amplify the signals produced by a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge sensor, for example. Design considerations for 6H-SiC JFET transimpedance amplifiers appropriate for capacitance sensing and for frequency readout from a micromechanical resonator are also presented.
Statistical Mechanics of Monolayers of Bose and Fermi Atoms Adsorbed on Crystalline Surfaces

We have calculated the heat capacity and entropy of Bose and Fermi atoms adsorbed on crystalline surfaces at low temperatures. The treatment is quantum mechanical at the outset, the influence of tunneling of atoms between adsorption sites being discussed in detail. It is shown by general qualitative arguments that the energy spectrum of a low-coverage monolayer contains a low-lying tunneling band of translational surface states. The finite energy width of the tunneling band ensures that the monolayer entropy due to the distribution of particles among the translational states will vanish at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This entropy is shown to be equivalent to the configuration entropy at relatively high temperatures and therefore demonstrates the manner in which the configuration entropy is removed at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At higher temperatures, particles become excited to higher bands which may be separated from the tunneling band by an energy gap. Quantum-statistical properties of non-interacting bosons and fermions in a two-band model are analyzed in terms of the number of adsorption sites, the tunneling band width, and the interband energy gap. When the interband gap is larger than the tunneling band width, the monolayer heat capacity displays two distinct peaks, at temperatures $\mathrm{kT}$ characteristic of the interband energy gap and of the tunneling band width. The heat capacity approaches ideal two-dimensional gas behavior at zero interband gap. The systems are studied over a range of other parameters, including the ratios of densities of states in the two bands and the number of atoms adsorbed on the surface. A qualitative discussion is given of the influence of interactions among the adsorbed atoms, and of their modifications by the substrate. The relevance of the theory to current experiments on helium monolayers is discussed.
Foam Separation of Lead(ll) and Cad mi urn (II) from Waste Water

Abstract Foam separation techniques are evaluated to determine if they would be feasible for removing lead(II) and cadmium(II) from highly contaminated waste water. Variables such as pH, ionic strength, collector concentration, and interfering ions were studied to determine their effects on ion flotation. Increased ionic strength, calcium(II), and phosphate interference made ion flotation impractical. Precipitate flotation of lead sulfide and cadmium sulfide left approximately 0.20 ppm lead(II) and 0.08 ppm cadmium(II) in the bulk solution under optimum conditions—somewhat above the levels considered safe to release into the environment. Adsorbing colloid flotation gave excellent results; lead sulfide and cadmium sulfide were adsorbed to ferrous sulfide which was then removed by foaming with hexadecyltrimethylam-monium bromide. Lead(II) levels were reduced from 0.80 to 0.025 ppm in 34 min foaming with 15 ppm iron(III) added. Cadmium(II) levels were reduced from 1.0 to 0.008 ppm in 45 min foaming with 25 p...
The International Refugee Regime(s): The End of the Cold War Matters

The purpose of this note is to present a schematic narrative and analysis of the development of the international response to refugees by states during the Cold War. The analysis focuses on the period from the statute creating the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Convention on the Status of Refugees, both in 1951, through the end of the Cold War. The note supplements the analysis contained in an earlier theoretical article published in this journal in 1996 entitled “How Nation-States Create and Respond to Refugee Flows” (Keely, 1996). The views differ sharply from conventional wisdom but provide a better understanding of and an explanation for some contemporary difficulties regarding refugee and asylum policy, especially in the industrial countries, but also more generally globally.
Characteristics of Ventilated Supercavities in a Periodic Gust Flow

A ventilated supercavity consists of a large gas-filled bubble enveloped around an underwater vehicle that allows for significant drag reduction and an increase in maximum vehicle speed. Previous studies at the Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) of the University of Minnesota focused on the behavior of ventilated supercavities in steady horizontal flows. In open waters, vehicles can encounter unsteady flows, especially when traveling near the surface, under waves. In supercavitation technology, it is critical that the vehicle remains within the cavity while traveling through water to avoid unwanted planing forces. A study has been carried out in the high speed water tunnel to investigate the effects of unsteady flow on axisymmetric, ventilated supercavities. An attempt is made to duplicate sea states seen in open waters. In an effort to track cavity dimensions throughout a wave cycle, an automated cavity tracking script has been developed. Using a high speed camera and the proper software, it is possible to synchronize cavity dimensions with pressure measurements taken inside the cavity. Results regarding supercavity appearance, cavitation parameters and their relation to sea state conditions are presented. It was found that flow unsteadiness caused a decrease in the overall length of the supercavity while having only a minimal effect on the maximum diameter.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Corporate self‐greenewal: Strategic responses to environmentalism

The rise of environmentalism in the past decade has become a major transforming force in pollutive and hazard prone industries. Corporate environmental responsiveness is not simply a peripheral and one of the many ‘social’ or ‘ethical’ issues facing business. It is becoming a central concern for competitiveness, productivity, and profitability. It is creating strategic transformation of companies in a diverse range of industries such as, Autos, Chemicals, Oil, Fast Foods, Power Generation, Pharmaceuticals, etc. The process of environmentally directed self-renewal, called ‘greenewal’ here, affects all aspects of companies. It implies changes in products, production systems, waste management practices and internal systems. It seeks to make companies simultaneously more competitive and environmentally responsible. This paper describes the pressures of and responses to environmentalism in a selected set of industries. It examines the processes of greenewal that companies are undergoing. It identifies implications for strategic greening of firms.
Partial striatal dopamine depletion differentially affects striatal substance P and enkephalin messenger RNA expression.

Abstract Near total striatal dopamine denervation results in a decrease in substance P and an increase in enkephalin messenger RNA expression in the striatum. It is unknown whether partial depletions of striatal dopamine content produce similar changes in these peptide messenger RNAs. To test whether compensations in dopamine synthesis and release following partial dopamine denervation prevent the lesion-induced alterations in substance P and enkephalin messenger RNAs, varying concentrations of 6-hydroxydopamine were injected unilaterally into the substantia nigra. Seven days after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (2–16 μg) or vehicle, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to examine tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in the substantia nigra and substance P and enkephalin messenger RNAs in the striatum. The extent of the dopamine depletion was determined by measuring striatal dopamine tissue content. The decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA paralleled the change in striatal tissue dopamine content. Substance P messenger RNA was decreased in all lesioned rats. In contrast, a significant increase in enkephalin messenger RNA was not detected until striatal dopamine was reduced to 10% of control levels. These results suggest that compensations within the residual dopamine system are not sufficient to maintain normal striatal substance P messenger RNA levels in partially denervated animals, but are sufficient to maintain normal striatal enkephalin messenger RNA expression.
Coal reduction studies. 4. Hydrogenation in the presence of AlCl3 and AlCl3 + MClx (M = Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Mo and Ni)

Abstract Coal has been reduced to low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in the presence of various metal halides by H 2 at pressures up to 19.3 MPa and temperatures to 600 °C, in all quartz reactors. The mixed halides MoCl 3 + AlCl 3 and NiCl 2 + AlCl 3 were found to be superior catalyst combinations. With the former, initial H 2 pressures of 4.1–6.9 MPa and temperatures of 300–400 °C resulted in 75% coal carbon conversion to low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. It is tentatively suggested that gaseous mixed metal halide complexes of the type Mo(AlCl 4 ) x , and Ni(AlCl 4 ) 2 may be of importance in the catalytic process. It is possible that such complexes may be able to incorporate H 2 in their structure which could account for their catalytic activity.
Optical initialization and dynamics of spin in a remotely doped quantum well

The excitation of electron spin polarization and coherence by picosecond light pulses and their dynamics in a wide remotely doped quantum well are studied theoretically and experimentally. Assuming that all electrons in the quantum well are localized, the theory considers the resonant interaction of light pulses with the four-level system formed by the electron spins of the ground state and the hole spins of the trion excited state. The theory describes the effects of spontaneous emission, a transverse magnetic field and hole spin relaxation on the dynamics detected by the Kerr rotation of a probe pulse. Time resolved Kerr rotation experiments were carried out on a remotely doped $14\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ GaAs quantum well in the frequency range of optical transitions to the heavy hole (HH) trion and to the light-hole (LH) trion degenerate with the HH exciton. The experiments on the resonant excitation of the HH trion show a very slow heavy hole spin relaxation and, consequently, a weak electron spin polarization after the trion relaxation. In contrast, the resonant excitation of the LH trion/HH exciton results in a fast hole spin relaxation that increases electron spin polarization.
Wafer-Bending Measurements in CMP

Wafer curvature, contact pressure, and film stresses have been a subject of interest to many researchers who are working on the modeling of within-wafer nonuniformity in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Wafer shape and film stresses prior to and after CMP have been measured before in order to correlate film stresses with removal rate distribution across the wafer. In this paper we describe measurements of wafer bending under static loading and in dynamic conditions. A finite element analysis is also carried out to model wafer bending under static loading.
Photoactivation of distal carbonyl groups in steroidal ketones: Intramolecular energy transfer control of multiplicity

Abstract Photolysis of 3α-dimethylphenylsiloxy-5α-androstane-6,17-dione in acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine with 254 nm light initiates photoreduction and photoepimerization of the 6-keto and 17-keto functionalities, respectively. A two-step intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the photoepimerization.
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Some N-Amino Acid Substituted Derivatives of Serotonin

A series of N -amino acid substituted derivatives of serotonin was prepared. The method entailed condensing the α-halo analogs of alanine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine with 5-benzyloxy-serotonin using a method adapted from Fisher's peptide synthesis. The activity of these compounds was compared with 5-hydroxytryptophan in an Actophotometer to determine their effect on generalized activity in mice. The results are presented along with some possible explanations for the biological observations.
Septo-hippocampal deafferentation protects CA1 neurons against ischemic injury.

Abstract Excessive synaptic excitation caused by transient cerebral ischemia has been proposed to explain the greater vulnerability of specific neuronal populations to ischemic injury. We tested this hypothesis in rats by cutting, alone or in combination, the afferent fibers that travel in the fimbria/fornix, the perforant, or the Scha¨ffer collateral pathways and innervate the right CA1 hippocampus. Seven to twelve days later the animals were subjected to 30 min of reversible forebrain ischemia. Irreversible damage to the CA1 neurons was assessed with the light microscope after 70–120 h of cerebral reperfusion. The left, unlesioned hippocampus served as a control. Simultaneous cutting of the 3 major afferent pathways significantly reduced CA1 neuronal damage compared to the unlesioned side (P
An Evaluation of Allport's Religious Orientation Scale Across One Australian and Two United States Samples:

A psychometric evaluation of the Religious Orientation Scale is reported in order to address a flaw in the existing literature. Presented are the results of a factor analysis for two samples of Uni...
Looking for Love (or Tragedy) in All the Wrong Places

Five distinguished scholars offer separate commentaries on the article by Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe. All of the commentators reject the broad interpretation and many of the specific arguments put forth by Cox and Kennedy-Pipe. They point out several crucial issues that are omitted from the article and raise questions about the authors' sources, use of evidence, and selective invocation of secondary literature. They regret that Cox and Kennedy Pipe seem to dwell on a large number of the same matters that preoccupied radical revisionist historians in the 1960s. They argue that although Cox and Kennedy-Pipe offer a more sophisticated version of revisionism, their article suffers from many of the same shortcomings. Most of the commentators believe that the Marshall Plan merely reflected a division of Europe that was already well under way rather than being the precipitating cause. In that sense, the debate on the origins of the Cold War needs to go well beyond the issues raised by Cox and Kennedy-...
The natural history of benign and potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias with special reference to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.

Ambulatory ECG recordings are routinely used to identify patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death and to monitor changes in ventricular arrhythmias during antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The arrhythmia frequency established during the initial baseline has previously been reported to change during a second placebo monitoring period in patients with non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but the extent to which this applies to patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia has not been examined. To extend these observations to patients with potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias, we studied 53 patients enrolled in one of two investigational antiarrhythmic drug trials that introduced a second single-blind placebo period (placebo-pulse) an average of 16 months after successful arrhythmia suppression. Thirty-eight of the 53 patients had runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia recorded during the initial baseline (placebo I) period, with 63% averaging ≥10 runs per day. There was a marked reduction in the arrhythmia frequencies between the two placebo periods: 55% for ventricular premature beats, and 77% for pairs (p < 0.001, respectively). Of the 38 patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, there was a 72% reduction (892 ± 531 vs 245 ± 18 runs of VT/day, placebo I vs II; p = 0.0001), with 32% having total suppression of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during the second placebo period. The results of this trial extend our previous observations of long-term spontaneous changes in arrhythmia frequency to patients with symptomatic, potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia and support the recommendation for periodic reassessment of baseline arrhythmia frequency to determine the continued need for antiarrhythmic therapy. These observations cannot be extended to patients with life-threatening arrhythmias (sustained ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest, or ventricular fibrillation).
Nonspecific Effect of Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Hexobarbital Sleep Time

The data presented suggest that the intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate prolongs hexobarbital sleep time in mice and rats by enlarging the lipophilic pool, a phenomenon that can be replicated by pretreatment of the animals with olive oil. These results call attention to the importance of considering the physical characteristics of a substance when evaluating its effect on a pharmacologically active agent.
Electronics design of a multi-rate DPSK modem for free-space optical communications

We have designed and experimentally demonstrated a radiation-hardened modem suitable for NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration. The modem supports free-space DPSK communication over a wide range of channel rates, from 72 Mb/s up to 2.88 Gb/s. The modem transmitter electronics generate a bursty DPSK waveform, such that only one optical modulator is required. The receiver clock recovery is capable of operating over all channel rates at average optical signal levels below -70 dBm. The modem incorporates a radiation-hardened Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGA and a radiation-hardened Aeroflex UT699 CPU. The design leverages unique capabilities of each device, such as the FPGA’s multi-gigabit transceivers. The modem scrubs itself against radiation events, but does not require pervasive triple-mode redundant logic. The modem electronics include automatic stabilization functions for its optical components, and software to control its initialization and operation. The design allows the modem to be put into a low-power standby mode.
Maps preserving the uniformity of neighborhood interconnection patterns in tessellation structures

The concept of a neighborhood-preserving map on a uniform array of machines is defined and studied. The theory is then used to answer a number of open questions concerned with array dimensionality and with the notion of a structural isomorphism.
E. coli and enterococci levels in urban stormwater, river water and chlorinated treatment plant effluent

Abstract Stormwater from the Ann Arbor, Michigan area affects the bacterial indicator organism quality of the Huron River. Investigations during the 1985 summer period involved sampling during dry and wet periods with parallel determination on each sample for fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, E. coli and enterococci. Wet weather bacterial indicator densities were statistically significantly higher than dry weather levels, and downstream densities were statistically significantly higher than upstream densities. The FC/FS (fecal coliforms/fecal streptococci) ratios for the storm drains were low and suggestive of more animal than human sources. The geometric mean EC/FC (E. coli/fecal coliforms) ratios were in the range of 0.82–1.34, well above the ratio of 0.63 calculated using the U.S. EPA recommended level for E. coli of 126/100 ml to the presently accepted level for fecal coliforms of 200/100 ml. If the intent is to maintain the currently accepted illness rate, additional results from other areas are necessary to refine the E. coli and enterococci levels for water quality standard development purposes. In general, physical-chemical observations reflected the source of the sample.
Brainstem ischemia presenting with inspiratory stridor

Central etiologies of bilateral vocal cord paralysis leading to respiratory stridor are uncommon, as they require bilateral disruption of the laryngeal motor fibers. Here we present a young woman with multiple vascular risk factors, including ischemic stroke in the right medulla occurring 3 months prior, who presented with acute inspiratory stridor. All respiratory parameters were normal including arterial blood gas, and neck and pulmonary imaging. Direct laryngoscopy showed bilaterally bowed vocal cords, with decreased mobility and paradoxical adduction with each inspiratory cycle. On the third hospital day, neurological signs including a right hemiparesis became evident. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a diffusion restriction in the left medial pons likely disrupting the laryngeal motor fibers to the ponto-medullary neuronal network. In the absence of tracheobronchial obstruction, physicians should be alert to the central causes of stridor including ischemic stroke. Additionally, paradoxical movements of the vocal cords can be an ominous sign.
Feminist Frequencies: Why Radio Needs Feminism

This essay considers radio's contributions to our sense of communities and the significance that storytellers, producers, and audiences with diverse backgrounds and gender experiences contribute in shaping culture. In the era of multimedia platforms, discussions about the revolutionary possibilities of digital radio recall speculations during the early days of wireless about how the new medium would impact culture. This article underscores how radio's limited representation of diverse experiences has prevented it from meeting its potential. Radio needs feminism to counter the overt sexism of “shock jock” deejays as well as institutionalized biases that shape programming at most stations. Through this perspective, the author offers examples of feminist interventions across traditional and Internet radio platforms and envisions models grounded in Bell Hooks' definition of feminism as “… a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression” (2000, p. viii).
A Comparison of Cataloging Entries in ESTC and Bibliographic Descriptions in D. F. Foxon's English Verse, 1701-1750

Discussion of the Eighteenth-Century Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) focuses on its use as an aid to scholarly research in identifying different editions and variants. Comparison of entries was conducted against a standard bibliography. The statistical analysis conducted in the study provides a preliminary indication of the level of bibliographical detail and degree of cataloging accuracy found in the database. Results indicate that the level of cataloging accuracy is high but the level of bibliographical detail is not always sufficient to adequately identify variants. The need for further examination of the handling of the bibliographical detail is suggested.
On the coupling boundary integral and finite element methods for the exterior Stokes problem in 3-D

Variational techniques coupled with nonlocal boundary conditions at some finite artificial boundary are used to establish the well-posedness of a finite problem and its equivalence to the exterior Stokes problem in three dimensions. Questions related to the existence, uniqueness, regularity and approximations of the solutions by finite elements are discussed. We obtain error estimates between the actual solution and the discretized solutions over the finite region.
Selective inhibition of p300 HAT blocks cell cycle progression, induces cellular senescence, and inhibits the DNA damage response in melanoma cells

Epigenetic events, including covalent post-translational modifications of histones, have been demonstrated to have critical roles in tumor development and progression. The transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP possesses both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and scaffolding properties that directly influence the transcriptional activation of targeted genes. We have used a potent and specific inhibitor of p300/CBP HAT activity, C646, in order to evaluate the functional contributions of p300/CBP HAT to tumor development and progression. Here we report that C646 inhibits the growth of human melanoma and other tumor cells and promotes cellular senescence. Global assessment of the p300 HAT transcriptome in human melanoma identified functional roles in promoting cell cycle progression, chromatin assembly, and activation of DNA repair pathways through direct transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In addition, C646 is shown to promote sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, leading to the enhanced apoptosis of melanoma cells after combination treatment with cisplatin. Together, our data suggest that p300 HAT activity mediates critical growth regulatory pathways in tumor cells and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma and other malignancies by promoting cellular responses to DNA damaging agents that are currently ineffective against specific cancers.
The development and validation of a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and hydroxybupropion in serum

Abstract Objectives Depression is a rapidly growing issue in the United States. There are many drug classes that may be used to treat depression, including the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram (Celexa®) and sertraline (Zoloft®), as well as the aminoketone bupropion (Wellbutrin®). However, therapeutic efficacy and treatment success is often variable, requiring changes in dosing regimens or drug selection. Methods for drug quantification can become important tools in the assessment of drug efficacy to optimize treatment regimens. Here, we present a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (TFC–MS/MS) method for the robust, simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and its active metabolite, hydroxybupropion (OH-bupropion). Design and methods Serum spiked with the aforementioned antidepressants, along with their corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards was subjected to protein precipitation. Samples were injected onto a TFC column for on-line solid phase extraction and a Hypersil Gold C18 column for chromatographic separation. Detection was achieved using a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer. Assay validation followed FDA bioanalytical guidelines. Results The analytical measuring range for all analytes spanned from 5 to 1000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision across four quality control levels were ≤ 9.2% and ≤ 14.8%, respectively. A comparison to other LC–MS/MS methods resulted in a strong correlation with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9929 to 0.9971. Carryover, stability, recovery, matrix effects, extraction and processing efficiency were also deemed acceptable in accordance with FDA recommendations. Conclusions The development and validation of this TFC–MS/MS method allow for the robust and high-throughput quantification of commonly prescribed antidepressants.