cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The LKB1-like Kinase Elm1 Controls Septin Hourglass Assembly and Stability by Regulating Filament Pairing

Summary Septins form rod-shaped hetero-oligomeric complexes that assemble into filaments and other higher-order structures, such as rings or hourglasses, at the cell division site in fungal and animal cells [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] to carry out a wide range of functions, including cytokinesis and cell morphogenesis. However, the architecture of septin higher-order assemblies and their control mechanisms, including regulation by conserved kinases [ 5 , 6 ], remain largely unknown. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the five mitotic septins (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1) localize to the bud neck and form an hourglass before cytokinesis that acts as a scaffold for proteins involved in multiple processes as well as a membrane-diffusible barrier between the mother and developing bud [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The hourglass is remodeled into a double ring that sandwiches the actomyosin ring at the onset of cytokinesis [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. How septins are assembled into a highly ordered hourglass structure at the division site [ 13 ] is largely unexplored. Here we show that the LKB1-like kinase Elm1, which has been implicated in septin organization [ 14 ], cell morphogenesis [ 15 ], and mitotic exit [ 16 , 17 ], specifically associates with the septin hourglass during the cell cycle and controls hourglass assembly and stability, especially for the daughter half, by regulating filament pairing and the functionality of its substrate, the septin-binding protein Bni5. This study illustrates how a protein kinase regulates septin architecture at the filament level and suggests that filament pairing is a highly regulated process during septin assembly and remodeling in vivo.
Learning Functions Using Data-Dependent Regularization: Representer Theorem Revisited

We introduce a data-dependent regularization problem which uses the geometry structure of the data to learn functions from incomplete data. We show another proof of the standard representer theorem when introducing the problem. At the end of the paper, two applications in image processing are used to illustrate the function learning framework.
Blood flow diversion using the microvascular plug to avoid non target delivery of radioactive microspheres.

Abstract Temporary balloon occlusion techniques have been described to redirect blood flow during hepatic chemo- and radioembolization. A 69 years old male with pathologically proven multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma involving all the liver segments except segments 2 and 3. We temporarily occlude segment 2/3 branch with the microvascular plug (MVP) to safely deliver the Y90 glass microspheres through the multiple small segment 4 branches. Distal occlusion using MVP may provide a valuable, cheaper and readily available tool in cases of unfavorable anatomy to divert blood flow and avoid non target delivery of Chemo or Radioembolic agents.
Estimates for the Szegő projection on uniformly finite-type subdomains of $\mathbb C^2$

We prove precise growth and cancellation estimates for the Szegő kernel of an unbounded model domain Ω⊂C2 under the assumption that bΩ satisfies a uniform finite-type hypothesis. Such domains have smooth boundaries which are not algebraic varieties, and therefore admit no global homogeneities that allow one to use compactness arguments in order to obtain results.
Paradox and Neuroscience: Emerging Theories of Leadership

This precis presents a snapshot of leadership theories and notes their shortening lifespan; it comments on why leadership theories emerge and names the most recent. Next, the precis covers organizational paradox and social neuroscience, approaches that are not conditioned by organizational boundaries and seem relevant to the quickening complexity of our times.
Synthesis and photoinduced charge stabilization in molecular tetrads featuring covalently linked triphenylamine-oligothiophene-BODIPY-C60

Two covalently linked tetrads comprised of charge stabilizing triphenylamine (TPA)-oligothiophene (bi- or terthiophene, BT or TT) linked at the meso-position of a well-known photosensitizer, BF2-chelated boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), was further functionalized to carry an electron acceptor, fulleropyrrolidine (C60) by modification of BODIPY at the boron center. Both tetrads were characterized by a range of spectroscopic techniques including single-crystal X-ray analysis of some of the intermediates. Electrochemical studies were performed to evaluate the redox potentials of different entities of the tetrads. Electronic structures deduced from computational studies revealed the HOMO to be on the triphenylamine-oligothiophene segment while the HOMO-1 to be on the BODIPY entity while the LUMO to be fully localized on the fullerene entity. These results coupled with electrochemical redox potentials indicated the formation of (TPA-TT).+-BODIPY-C60.- and (TPA-BT).+-BODIPY-C60.- as the final charge-separated states upon photoexcitation of BODIPY in these tetrads. Expectedly, steady-state emission studies revealed fluorescence quenching in the tetrads indicating the occurrence of excited state events. Further, femtosecond transient absorption studies coupled with data analysis using Glotaran, performed in polar benzonitrile and nonpolar toluene, confirmed the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation in both dyads. A long-lived charge-separated state (~20 ns) was possible to observe in the case of TPA-TT-BODIPY-C60 as a result of hole shift mechanism while for TPA-BT-BODIPY-C60 lifetime of the charge separated state was ~ 1 ns. Sequential photoinduced electron transfer followed by hole transfer leading to long-lived charge-separated states in newly synthesized covalently linked tetrads is demonstrated.
Numerical Investigation of Sweep Effect on Turbulent Shock-Wave Boundary-Layer Interaction

Implicit large-eddy simulations of reflecting shock-wave turbulent boundary-layer interactions at a freestream Mach number of 2.05 were carried out for sweep angles of 0, 20, and 40 deg. The simula...
Solid-liquid-vapor equilibrium in the system hydrogen-helium.

In recent years there has developed a considerable interest in the storage of cryogens, and particularly hydrogen, in a slush form, mixtures of the liquid and solid phases. The advantages to be gained over liquid storage include decreased boil-off or venting losses and increased density of the cryogen, and both are of significant magnitude in the case of hydrogen [1]. There are of course numerous problems associated with large-scale production transfer and maintenance of such slurries, many of which are being investigated in detail at the present time.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CURVED GIRDER BRIDGES

A method for predicting stress and deflection of horizontally curved girder highway bridges is presented which gives close agreement between predicted and measured values. Values obtained by use of this method are compared with values obtained using CUGAR 1 for both stress and deflection.
The profession of ITBeyond computational thinking

If we are not careful, our fascination with "computational thinking" may lead us back into the trap we are trying to escape.
Experimental study on enlarged force bandwidth control of a knee rehabilitation robot

Providing large bandwidth of resistant force to trainees is an important requirement of a knee joint rehabilitation robot. Although large resistant force can be achieved by using big motor, difficulty will arise to achieve small resistant force because of the influence of friction, gravity and inertia of the heavy robot. This paper presents a force bandwidth control method based on admittance-control paradigm, which combines theoretical model under active mode and experimental data under passive mode to compensate the influence of the friction, gravity and inertia force upon the torque sensor signal. This method avoids the necessity to establish complex mathematic model of the friction forces. Furthermore, a digital filter method is proposed to reduce computational error of angular acceleration resulted from differentiating encoder values. An optimal filtering parameter range is chosen by Matlab simulation. Experiment results based on a physical prototype prove the enlarged resistant force bandwidth after force compensation.
Framework-oriented analysis

Recently object oriented frameworks have become popular. Application development using frameworks still need analysis, design, coding and testing. The paper presents analysis techniques, Framework-Oriented Analysis (FOA), for application development using frameworks and related techniques. The FOA is an extension of object oriented analysis (OOA), but it explores the reuse of software architecture, design, code and test cases of frameworks. The key features of the FOA include comparison based analysis, feature comparison, hierarchical framework/application (F/A) scenario diagrams, cross reference checking between framework and application objects and methods, multi-level requirement checking.
Reliability modeling for the Space Interferometry Mission

Top-level reliability models have been developed for several recent configurations of the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) and the results used in the decision process for selecting viable configurations for further study. For one configuration, closed-form solutions were obtained. For three configurations, Excel-based Monte Carlo models were developed. The agreement between the closed form and the Monte Carlo models was excellent, verifying that the Excel-based approach had been successfully implemented. The Excel model has the flexibility to extend the model to more complicated arrangements for which it would be impractical to develop closed-form solutions. The Space Interferometry Mission in NASA's Origins Program is a 10 m-baseline space-based Michelson interferometer scheduled for launch in 2009. This large instrument will measure the angles between stars to an accuracy of about one billionth of a degree of arc. This is an improvement of about two orders of magnitude over current astrometric instruments.
Controls of nitrogen limitation in tallgrass prairie

The relationship between fire frequency and N limitation to foliage production in tallgrass prairie was studied with a series of fire and N addition experiments. Results indicated that fire history affected the magnitude of the vegetation response to fire and to N additions. Sites not burned for over 15 years averaged only a 9% increase in foliage biomass in response to N enrichment. In contrast, foliage production increased an average of 68% in response to N additions on annually burned sites, while infrequently burned sites, burned in the year of the study, averaged a 45% increase. These findings are consistent with reports indicating that reduced plant growth on unburned prairie is due to shading and lower soil temperatures, while foliage production on frequently burned areas is constrained by N availability. Infrequent burning of unfertilized prairie therefore results in a maximum production response in the year of burning relative to either annually burned or long-term unburned sites.Foliage biomass of tallgrass prairie is dominated by C4 grasses; however, forb species exhibited stronger production responses to nitrogen additions than did the grasses. After four years of annual N additions, forb biomass exceeded that of grass biomass on unburned plots, and grasses exhibited a negative response to fertilizer, probably due to competition from the forbs. The dominant C4 grasses may out-compete forbs under frequent fire conditions not only because they are better adapted to direct effects of burning, but because they can grow better under low available N regimes created by frequent fire.
Selective lymphopenia and opportunistic infections in neuroendocrine tumor patients receiving temozolomide.

Temozolomide is utilized as a treatment for a variety of solid tumors and has been associated with the development of selective lymphopenia. We evaluated the incidence of lymphopenia and opportunis...
Protein kinase C from sea urchin eggs.

Abstract 1. 1. Protein kinase C is considered to be ubiquitous in tissues and organs; however, its isolation and characterization have been principally with adult mammalian tissues. 2. 2. There is increasing evidence for the importance of this enzyme during early development. 3. 3. In this study, protein kinase C has been identified and partially characterized in cytosolic fraction from sea urchin eggs. 4. 4. The enzyme was resolved from other protein kinase activities by ion exchange chromatography. 5. 5. Phosphatidylserine and Ca 2+ were required for protein kinase C to be active. 6. 6. Diacylglycerol and phorbol ester enhanced the activation of the enzyme.
Circumvention of interference by sulfhydryl compounds in azo dye determination of β-naphthylamine from synthetic protease substrates

In attempting to measure the activity of benzoyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide hydrolase on the synthetic substrate benzoyl- dl -arginine-β-naphthylamide, we observed that l -cysteine, used as a sulfhydryl activator, and four other sulfhydryl compounds, viz., dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoethylamine, and glutathione, interefered seriously with the subsequent reaction of β-naphthylamine is and naphthanil diazo blue B. It has been found that β-naphthylamine is quantitatively extractable from the enzyme reaction mixture by a single treatment with ethyl acetate. An aliquot of the ethyl acetate extract appropriately diluted with ethanol and water reacts quantitatively and rapidly with the diazo chromogen. In analyses carried out in this manner, cysteine, mercaptoethylamine, and glutathione up to 20 m m no longer interfered in the azo dye formation; interference by dithiothreitol or mercaptoethand was significantly minimized.
A note on the complexity of cryptography (Corresp.)

Evidence is given for the difficulty of an eventual proof of computational security for cryptosystems based on one-way functions, such as the one proposed by Diffie and Hellman. A proof of NP-completeness for the cryptanalytic effort would imply NP=CoNP.
Beyond Recursive Real Functions

All recursive real functions are continuous; in fact all theB-recursive real functions are continuous for any oracleB, simply because Turing machines computing them are finite objects. But simple discontinuous functions such as step functions have to be in some sense “easy” if they have recursive values and break points, although they are not computable by the usual definition. It seems unfair to label them noncomputable in the entire region just because of a few break points. In this paper, we investigate the properties of broader classes ofalmost everywhere recursive,weakly almost everywhere recursive, andrecursively approximablereal-valued functions, which capture these “easy” step functions and many other nonrecursive functions. Recursive versions of the classical Lusin and Egoroff Theorems are proved. We also characterize the property of the limit of a recursive sequence of functions and show that different notions of convergence (uniform, pointwise, or in measure) will result in different characterizations of the limiting function.
Improved Correlating Equations for the Friction Factor for Fully Turbulent Flow in Round Tubes and between Identical Parallel Plates, both Smooth and Naturally Rough

Mixed-mean velocities were computed by numerical integration using a comprehensive correlating equation for the velocity distribution, and independently using a corresponding correlating equation for the local turbulent shear stress. As contrasted with earlier analytical integrations for grossly simplified velocity distributions, these calculations take into account the effects of the boundary layer near the wall and the wake in the central region. The resulting sets of numerical values for the mixed-mean velocity are correlated almost exactly in terms of equations with a theoretically derived structure. On the basis of the generally overlooked analogy of MacLeod, the same distributions for the velocity and the turbulent shear stress are used for both round tubes and parallel plates, but of course, the expressions for the mixed-mean velocity differ because of the different areas of integration. The analysis reveals inter alia that the hydraulic-diameter and laminar-equivalent-diameter concepts are fundamentally unsound. The correlating equations for the mixed-mean velocity are extended for the transition engendered by naturally rough surfaces using the speculation of Colebrook, and are reexpressed directly in terms of the friction factor and the Reynolds number for convenience
Hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria due to systemic loxoscelism: report of a case

Hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria are rare consequences of brown recluse spider bites. These systemic complications are frequently associated with skin necrosis at the envenomation site. In this case report, a 6-year-old boy developed these systemic features with formation of a small, typical brown recluse spider bite skin lesion without overt skin necrosis. In addition to the case report, the variety of clinical presentations, proposed pathogenesis, and treatment modalities of brown recluse spider bites are reviewed.
The effect of high caloric feeding on the growth of premature infants

Summary A high caloric feeding in the form of aconcentrated humanized type of prepared infant formula was given to 10 premature infants. It resulted in an increased rate of gain in weight. However, linear growth as measured by the increase in rate of growth of the fibula was not affected by this feeding.
Improving the measurement of spatial aptitude by dynamic testing

Abstract Can spatial aptitude scores be increased by test-related training? Is construct validity influenced? The traditional psychometric view of test-related training as coaching, which threatens test validity, contrasts sharply with the view that performance modifiability measures a theoretically important construct that increases test validity (e.g., Vygotsky, 1978). This article reports on three studies of the dynamic testing of spatial ability in which training on the physical analogue of the mental folding task intervenes between a pretest and a posttest. Experiment 1 found that spatial ability can be significantly and substantially increased. Experiment 2 examined the impact of the dynamic testing procedure on the relationship of ability scores to other measures. Although sex differences in spatial ability were unchanged, the dynamic testing procedure increased predictive validity for training in text editing. Experiment 3 examined the impact on construct representation. The mathematical models of task difficulty indicated that the posttest more clearly represented rotational processing while the psychometric models supported the measurement of two abilities (i.e., initial status and gain). The implications for measuring learning ability by dynamic testing are discussed.
Predicting the Initiation of Thermoset De-Bonding

Napkin ring adhesion tests over a broad range of experimental conditions suggested a de-bonding mechanism for glassy thermosets associated with “run-away” nonlinear viscoelasticity. Finite element analyses of these tests using a high fidelity, nonlinear constitutive equation were used to identify a single, scalar metric that consistently predicted the initiation of de-bonding, a critical value of the maximum principal strain in the “interphase” zone. In principle, such a de-bonding metric enables evaluation of design margins in practical components.
Water mass analysis for the U.S. GEOTRACES (GA03) North Atlantic sections

Abstract We present the distributions of hydrographic properties (potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and micromolar level inorganic macronutrients) along two sections occupied in the subtropical North Atlantic as part of the first U.S. GEOTRACES (GA03) survey during 2010 and 2011. The purpose of this work is to place subsequent papers in this special issue in a general context and to provide a framework in which the observed distributions of Trace Elements and Isotopes can be interpreted. Using these hydrographic properties we use a modified Optimum Multiparameter water mass analysis method to diagnose the relative contributions of various water types along the sections and rationalize their distributions. The water mass compositions appear largely consistent with what is understood from previous studies about the large scale circulation and ventilation of the North Atlantic, with perhaps one exception. We found that the North Atlantic Deep water both east and west of the Mid Atlantic Ridge is more strongly influenced by Iceland Scotland Overflow Water relative to Denmark Straits Overflow Water (about 3:1) than inferred from other tracer studies (typically 2:1). It remains unclear whether this is an artifact of our calculation or a real change in deep water composition in the decades between the determinations.
Fluorescent Microscopy Enhancement Using Imaging

To enhance our capabilities for observing fluorescent stains in biological systems, we are developing a low cost imaging system based around an IBM AT microcomputer and a commercial image capture board compatible with a standard RS-170 format video camera. The image is digitized in real time with 256 grey levels, while being displayed and also stored in memory. The software allows for interactive processing of the data, such as histogram equalization or pseudocolor enhancement of the display. The entire image, or a quadrant thereof, can be averaged over time to improve the signal to noise ratio. Images may be stored to disk for later use or comparison. The camera may be selected for better response in the UV or near IR. Combined with signal averaging, this increases the sensitivity relative to that of the human eye, while still allowing for the fluorescence distribution on either the surface or internal cytoskeletal structure to be observed.
Shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral nonunions.

Between 1980 and 1997, 27 patients underwent shoulder arthroplasty because of pain or functional impairment due to a proximal humeral nonunion. Twenty-five of the 27 shoulders with a mean 6-year follow-up period (range, 2-15 years) were included in the study. There were 19 women and 6 men, with a mean age of 65 years. The most frequent original fracture types were 2-part surgical neck (64%) and 3-part greater tuberosity fractures (28%). Twenty-one shoulders underwent hemiarthroplasty, and 4 underwent total shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder arthroplasty resulted in significant pain relief, with mean pain scores decreasing from 4.6 to 1.8 points (P <.05). Mean active elevation improved from 41° preoperatively to 88° postoperatively (P <.05), and mean external rotation from 22° to 38° (P =.045). In 11 shoulders the greater tuberosity resorbed or was nonunited. Two of the 25 shoulders required another operation after the arthroplasty: one for periprosthetic humeral fracture and one for instability. Twenty shoulders were much better or better, and 5 were the same or worse. On the basis of a modified Neer result rating system, there was 1 excellent result, 11 satisfactory results, and 13 unsatisfactory results. Patients who have significant functional impairment from a nonunion of the humeral surgical neck with failed internal fixation, severe osteoporosis, cavitation of the humeral head, or secondary osteoarthritis may benefit from shoulder arthroplasty. Although function is not completely restored, pain relief and high levels of subjective satisfaction can be achieved. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002;11:114-121)
Neighborhood Context, SES, and Parenting: Including a Focus on Acculturation Among Latina Mothers

This study examines the influence of contextual factors on parenting strategies among a sample of 104 Latina, European American, and African American mother–child pairs. The parenting constructs under investigation were selected as part of a collaborative research project among members of the parenting subgroup of the Study Group on Race, Culture, and Ethnicity (SCGCE). Hierarchical regression analyses, predicting parenting outcomes, were conducted with mothers' ethnicity entered in the first step and contextual variables (mothers' annual income, education, subjective neighborhood rating, and stressful life events) entered second. While there were no significant differences in parenting strategies (parental efficacy, parental monitoring, parental warmth, and psychological control) across the three pan-ethnic groups, a contextual variable— subjective neighborhood quality—was associated with mothers' sense of parental efficacy and use of psychological control. Among our subsample of 54 Latina mothers, level...
Acid mediated formation of an N-acyliminium ion from tubulysins: A new methodology for the synthesis of natural tubulysins and their analogs

Tubuylsins are extremely potent cytotoxic agents which inhibit tubulin polymerization and lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tubulysins have been isolated from fermentation mixtures and have been chemically synthesized; however, these efforts have been hampered by poor yields and arduous purifications. In contrast, treatment of a mixture of natural tubulysins A, B, C, G, and I, obtained from a fermentation batch with trifluoroacetic acid results in the formation of a single N-acyliminium ion. Subsequent addition of butyric, isopentyl, or acetic acid results in the formation of tubulysin B, A, or I, respectively, as a single species. New tubulysin analogs can be formed upon treatment of the acyliminium ion with other nucleophiles such as alcohols, thiols, and nitriles, resulting in corresponding N-acyl-N,O-acetals, N-acyl-N,S-thioacetals, and N,N'-diacyl-aminals. Carbon-carbon bond formation is also possible with a modification of this protocol. The cytotoxicies of the natural tubulysins and tubulysin analogs synthesized by this method were evaluated on KB cells.
Overview of the conference

Abstract This paper gives my reactions to some of the oral presentations at the 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids held in Beijing, 11–15 September 2006. Since many of the talks were given in parallel sessions, my overview will be far from complete. The comments are organized in order of decreasing number of talks per topic, including track theory, new detectors and techniques, nuclear emulsions, automatic scanning and measuring, applications to nuclear reactions, astrophysics, material and geoscience, fission track dating and thermochronometry, radon, radiobiology and new devices made by track techniques. I concluded with some advice and suggestions to young scientists.
Erratum to: The role of evaluative metadata in an online teacher resource exchange

The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1007/s11423-013-9317-2. S. Abramovich (&) Department of Learning and Instruction, Department of Library and Information Studies, University at Buffalo – SUNY, 515 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA e-mail: samuelab@buffalo.edu C. D. Schunn R. J. Correnti Learning Research & Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
On deuterium-labeling studies for probing rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration reactions

Reactions of deuteriocatecholborane (C 6 H 4 -O 2 BD) with alkenes in the presence of rhodium (+1) complexes have been reinvestigated. Distributions of label in the products differ significantly from those reported previously, and alternative rationales for these observations are provided
“Leapfrogging” the variance: The financial management of extreme-event risk

Events surrounding September 11, 2001, have motivated increasing interest in identifying, assessing, and managing the risk of “extreme events.” This article introduces a new mathematical framework for the risk management of extreme event risk. In the article, the author proposes criteria based on “higher” (the third and fourth) moments that dominate variance (the second moment) in explaining the economics of insurance and reinsurance. Economic and financial implications are then applied to the underwriting and investment activities of insurers and reinsurers.
Distribution of trace elements between garnet megacrysts and host volcanic liquids of kimberlitic to rhyolitic composition

Abstract Abundances of rare earth elements, Hf, Sc, Co, Cr and Th in garnet megacrysts and their volcanic hosts or matrices are used to estimate garnet/liquid partition coefficients for these elements. Samples include pyropes from kimberlite and highly alkalic basalts, almandines from basalt andesite, dacite, rhyodacite and rhyolite and a spessartine-almandine from alaskite. The pyrope/host partition coefficients are fairly uniform and agree with experimental data within a factor of 2. The almandine/matrix data show more scatter (due in part to impurities in the garnet separates) but the partition coefficients tend to increase with increasing Si O ratio of the matrix. The almandine/matrix partition coefficients are up to a factor of 10 higher than the pyrope/host partition coefficients. The spessartine-almandine is strongly enriched in heavy rare earths (~ 5000 times chondrites), Y, Sc and Co. The wide variation in garnet/liquid partition coefficients from kimberlites to rhyolites cannot be explained as an effect of temperature and we conclude that a major factor is the composition of the melt from which the garnet crystallized.
Biomedical engineering: Baylor Medical College-preparing for the space age, 1956-1974

The establishment of a six-week summer program entitled 'Classical Physiology with Modern Instrumentation', and its contents are described. The program was designed to train physicians and basic life scientists in the fundamentals of electronics and to train engineers of all specialities in basic medical physiology. During the period 1957-1974, over 1000 trainees from all over the world completed the course. >
TEXTURED COTTONSEED AND SOY FLOURS: A MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

Texturized products were produced from defatted native and denatured (steam heated) glandless cottonseed and soy flours with a modified Wenger X-5 laboratory extruder. Products were examined with light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. A specific structural relationship between the protein and insoluble carbohydrate fractions in the extrudates was found. Products were composed of a protein matrix of varying uniformity in which the insoluble carbohydrates were dispersed to varying degrees depending upon the raw material. The cottonseed products were found to possess rough and pitted structures, while the soy products possessed smooth and continuous structures. At the resolutions of light and transmission electron microscopes, no protein structures resembling fibers were found in either soy or cottonseed products. However, fibrous structures were observed in the scanning electron photomicrographs.
Strangers No More: the Initial Hitchcock murder

This article analyzes the various levels of violence and graphic detail in the initial Hitchcock murder scenes. Through a detailed close reading of these scenes from Blackmail , Strangers on a Train , and Frenzy , I expose the different and increasing levels of intensity at which sadism functions throughout Hitchcock’s career, and I suggest that the audience is stuck at a one-stage sadistic level as opposed to the typical Freudian model.
Natural history: A scientist's eye

Beatrix Potter's meticulous artistry served mycology and entomology as well as children's fiction, reveals Linda Lear.
A distinct switch in interactions of the histone H4 tail domain upon salt-dependent folding of nucleosome arrays.

The core histone tail domains mediate inter-nucleosomal interactions that direct folding and condensation of nucleosome arrays into higher-order chromatin structures. The histone H4 tail domain facilitates inter-array interactions by contacting both the H2A/H2B acidic patch and DNA of neighboring nucleosomes (1, 2). Likewise, H4 tail-H2A contacts stabilize array folding (3). However, whether the H4 tail domains stabilize array folding via inter-nucleosomal interactions with the DNA of neighboring nucleosomes remains unclear. We utilized defined oligonucleosome arrays containing a single specialized nucleosome with a photo-inducible cross-linker in the N terminus of the H4 tail to characterize these interactions. We observed that the H4 tail participates exclusively in intra-array interactions with DNA in unfolded arrays. These interactions are diminished during array folding, yet no inter-nucleosome, intra-array H4 tail-DNA contacts are observed in condensed chromatin. However, we document contacts between the N terminus of the H4 tail and H2A. Installation of acetylation mimics known to disrupt H4-H2A surface interactions did not increase observance of H4-DNA inter-nucleosomal interactions. These results suggest the multiple functions of the H4 tail require targeted distinct interactions within condensed chromatin.
Comments on "Bode compensator design"

In the above paper an analytical technique for designing cascade lead compensation is presented. In this note it is shown that with modified conditions the technique is, also, applicable to the design of lag compensation.
Heterodyne Correlation Radiometry

A heterodyne correlation radiometer is considered for the sensitive detection of radiating species whose Doppler shift is known, but whose presence we wish to affirm. Such radiation (which may be actively induced) can arise, for example, from remote molecular emitters, impurities and pollutants, trace minerals, chemical agents, or a general multiline source. A radiating sample of the species to be detected is physically made a part of the laboratory receiver, and serves as a kind of frequency-domain template with which the remote radiation is correlated, after heterodyne detection. The system is expected to be especially useful for the detection of sources whose radiated energy is distributed over a large number of lines, with frequencies that are not necessarily known. Requirements for local oscillator stability and tunability are less stringent than in the conventional heterodyne system and the use of a multiline local oscillator may be advantageous. It is shown that the minimum detectable power is expressible in a form similar to that for conventional heterodyning (for both quantum-noise-limited and Johnson-noise-limited detectors). The notable distinction is that the performance of the proposed system improves with increasing density of detected remotely radiating signal lines and increasing radiation power from the local sample. Performance degradation due to undesired impurity radiation is considered and shown to be tolerable in most cases. The technique should be applicable over a broad frequency range from the microwave to the optical, with its most likely use in the infrared.
Daytime calibration of magnetic orientation in a migratory bird requires a view of skylight polarization

THE orientation of migratory birds is based on a complex of interacting compass mechanisms (the geomagnetic field, stars, patterns of skylight polarization and, perhaps, the Sun)1,2. A magnetic compass develops in birds that have never seen the sky3–8, but the preferred direction of magnetic orientation may be modified during the first three months of life by exposing naive birds to either the clear daytime or night sky under conditions in which magnetic directions differ substantially from true or geographic directions5–7,9. We hypothesized that celestial rotation, which indicates geographic directions both day and night, served as the calibrating reference7, and showed that a rotating pattern of artificial stars provided a sufficient stimulus to calibrate magnetic orientation in young Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis)10. During daytime either the Sun's disc or patterns of polarized skylight could provide the reference to geographic compass directions11,12. Here we report that visual access to natural skylight polarization patterns is necessary for calibration of magnetic orientation during daylight.
High performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis

We describe the current state of the on-line combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS), and discuss aspects of the FTICR technique relevant to its use as a detection scheme for on-line separations. Aspects including sensitivity, mass resolution, duty cycle, and tandem mass spectrometric capabilities are discussed in the context of online separations with examples from the authors' laboratory.
Segregation of leptines and other glycoalkaloids inSolanum tuberosum (4x) ×S. chacoense (4x) crosses

A clone, 8380-1, selected fromSolanum chacoense (PI 458310) for its high foliage content of the leptine glycoalkaloids, a factor in resistance to Colorado potato beetle, was doubled in chromosome number from 2n=2x=24 to 2n=4x=48. Three 4x clones were crossed with sixS. tuberosum (4x) clones. Foliage glycoalkaloid contents were measured for 452 F1 hybrids from 15 crosses. The 4xchacoense parental clones were not different in respect to glycoalkaloid contents and were similar to the original 2x clone. All F1 hybrids synthesized foliage leptines ranging from 9 to 369 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) with a mean content of 113 mg/100 g fw. The proportion of leptines in the total glycoalkaloid content ranged from 1% to 62% with a mean of 25%. The 4xchacoense parent mean leptine content was 1482 mg/ 100 g fw which was 90% of the total glycoalkaloid content. Tubers from 136 hybrids and the threechacoense parental clones were tested for glycoalkaloid contents. The tuber solanine + chaconine contents of the 136 hybrids ranged from 30 to 180 mg/100 g fw with a mean of 79. The mean tuber content of the threechacoense parental clones was 157 mg/100 g fw. Leptines were not found in any of the tubers.
Hormonal effects on enzyme activities in tissue culture and in whole animals.

Abstract Studies on the activity of tyrosine transaminase in whole animals and in tissue culture show that there are multiple factors involved in the regulation of this enzyme. The most likely factors so far implicated are cortisone, insulin and tryptophan and its metabolites.
PAR1 Is a Matrix Metalloprotease-1 Receptor that Promotes Invasion and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique class of G protein-coupled receptors that play critical roles in thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular biology. PAR1 is proposed to be involved in the invasive and metastatic processes of various cancers. However, the protease responsible for activating the proinvasive functions of PAR1 remains to be identified. Here, we show that expression of PAR1 is both required and sufficient to promote growth and invasion of breast carcinoma cells in a xenograft model. Further, we show that the matrix metalloprotease, MMP-1, functions as a protease agonist of PAR1 cleaving the receptor at the proper site to generate PAR1-dependent Ca2+ signals and migration. MMP-1 activity is derived from fibroblasts and is absent from the breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that MMP-1 in the stromal-tumor microenvironment can alter the behavior of cancer cells through PAR1 to promote cell migration and invasion.
Extended-Wear Contact Lenses in Patients with Corneal Grafts and Aphakia

Abstract Extended-wear contact lenses (EWCL) were fitted successfully on 61 aphakic eyes with penetrating corneal grafts. In two- to 32-months follow-up there were 26 eyes that had varying amounts of superficial neovascularization of the grafts and one Staphylococcus epidermidis corneal graft ulcer. There were five homograft rejections, all occurring in severely diseased eyes. Variable vision and visual acuity less than that with hard contact lenses or aphakic spectacles were the most frequent problems. Both were due to the high corneal astigmatism present in many patients. The results indicate that EWCLs may be used safely by patients with penetrating corneal grafts and aphakia, particularly if there is no host corneal edema, scarring, or vascularization, if there are no synechias to the graft wound, and if the astigmatism is less than 3.0 diopters.
Do Liberal Home Owners Consume Less Electricity? A Test of the Voluntary Restraint Hypothesis

Using a unique data set that merges an electric utility’s residential customer monthly electricity consumption in 2008 with household level data on demographics, structure and neighborhood characteristics and the political party of registration for the head of household, this paper documents that liberal households consume less electricity than observationally identical households. In the absence of first best carbon pricing, such “voluntary restraint” helps to mitigate the challenge of climate change.
Laparoscopic repair for a congenital lumbar hernia with free fascia lata graft reinforcement

Congenital lumbar hernias are rare, and the optimal surgical procedures for hernia repair are still controversial. A 13-month-old girl with a left-sided, 7 cm � 7 cm, congenital lumbar hernia underwent laparoscopic repair with autologous free fascia lata graft reinforcement. At 6 months, she was doing well with no recurrence of the hernia. Laparoscopic repair with free fascia lata graft reinforcement is a safe and feasible surgical option for the treatment of large congenital lumbar hernias.
Spatial and functional restriction of regulatory molecules during mammalian myoblast fusion

Myoblast fusion is a highly regulated process that is key for forming skeletal muscle during development and regeneration in mammals. Much remains to be understood about the molecular regulation of myoblast fusion. Some molecules that influence mammalian muscle fusion display specific cellular localization during myogenesis. Such molecules can be localized to the contact region between two fusing cells either in both cells or only in one of the cells. How distinct localization of molecules contributes to fusion is not clear. Further complexity exists as other molecules are functionally restricted to myoblasts at later stages of myogenesis to regulate their fusion with multinucleated myotubes. This review examines these three categories of molecules and discusses how spatial and functional restriction may contribute to the formation of a multinucleated cell. Understanding how and why molecules become restricted in location or function is likely to provide further insights into the mechanisms regulating mammalian muscle fusion.
Contribution to the Theory of Asynchronous Performance of Synchronous Machines with Salient Poles: Part I - Analysis of MMF and Magnetic Field Space Variations, and Armature Current Time Pulsations

Asynchronous transients of a salient pole synchronous machine are studied in this paper. The results of the theoretical analysis, justified by both analog computer and experimental means, are used in explaining the airgap magnetic field space variations and the phase current time variations that occur in a synchronous machine with salient poles during its asynchronous starting transient. This study can also be applied in analyzing other phenomena of synchronous machine transients, for instance, speed-torque characteristics, and magnetic field angular velocity as a function of slip.
Hospital capacity planning for disaster emergency management

Abstract Hospitals are an integral part of a society's critical functions designed to respond to man-made and natural disasters. Effective hospital capacity planning can significantly enhance the capability and effectiveness of treatment for emergency patients with injuries resulting from a disaster. Such information can be used for patient/ambulance routing, resource planning, and emergency operations management. In the current paper, we develop a generic simulation model that is capable of representing the operations of a wide range of hospitals given an earthquake disaster situation. Using results from our simulations, generalized regression equations are fitted to obtain steady-state hospital capacities. A parametric metamodel is then developed to predict transient capacity for multiple hospitals in the disaster area in a timely manner, as demanded by emergency operations management for guiding the routing and treatment of injured people.
The Americans have to say everything

Communication among Americans reflects the value they place on individuality, informality, and egalitarianism. Certain characteristics of the English language influence Americans' behavior when they communicate with other people. They have customary ways of beginning, carrying on, and ending their conversations. Generalizations about communication among Americans need to be tempered by an awareness of differences according to region, gender, and ethnic and religious identification.
Susceptibility of the Great Basin tent caterpillar, Malacosoma fragile (Stretch), to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

Abstract The control potentialities of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and a combination of the two pathogens, at several dosage levels, against larvae of the Great Basin tent caterpillar, Malacosoma fragile (Stretch), were evaluated in small-scale field tests conducted in New Mexico during 1962 and 1963. All of the treatments were capable of causing lethal infection of the larvae. A combination of the two pathogens provided a more efficient means of control than either agent alone.
A validity study of the K-ABC, the WISC-R, and the Stanford-Binet with nonreferred children

Abstract The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) is an attempt at improving assessment procedures related to the construct of intelligence. This study reports findings about the relationship between the K-ABC, the WISC-R, and the Stanford-Binet for 40 children with no known impairments serving as subjects. The intercorrelations of the K-ABC Mental Processing Composite with the WISC-R and with the Binet were .79 and .61, respectively. The overall results suggested some support for the use of the K-ABC as a measure of intelligence.
Double-stranded RNAs associated with Fusarium proliferatum mitochondria

Many fungi harbor double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules, which can have phenotypic effects such as hypovirulence, altered colony morphology, and pigmentation. In some species of Fusarium, dsRNA molecules are found in every strain examined. We examined 100 F. proliferatum strains collected primarily from maize and sorghum in the United States, but found only four that carried dsRNAs. Each strain harbored a distinct set of dsRNAs, which ranged in size from approximately 0.7–3.1 kb. A single dsRNA band was observed from one strain, but multiple bands were observed from the other three. The strains with multiple dsRNAs transmitted these dsRNAs as sets at a high frequency (≥ 97 %) to vegetatively produced microconidia, but the single dsRNA of the fourth strain was only rarely (≤ 3 %) transmitted in this manner. None of these dsRNAs could be transmitted through sexual crosses in which the dsRNA-containing strain served as the male parent. Transmission through the female parent could not be tested as the field strains and dsRNA-free derivatives of these strains were female sterile. The dsRNAs from the strains with multiple dsRNAs were present in and protected against ribonuclease A digestion in crude mitochondrial preparations. The high transmission rate to single-conidiospore cultures, the lack of transmission through the male parent of sexual crosses, and the protection against ribonuclease A digestion are all consistent with a mitochondrial localization of the dsRNAs from the strains carrying multiple dsRNAs. dsRNAs often function as viruses in fungi, and the three F. proliferatum strains reported here join strains of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, Rhizoctonia solani, and Cryphonectria parasitica as the only fungi known to carry dsRNAs associated with the mitochondria.