cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The smallest AGN host galaxies

Abstract We describe our efforts to study dwarf galaxies with active nuclei, whose black holes, with masses ⩽106M⊙, provide the best current observational constraints on the mass distribution of primordial seed black holes. Although these low-mass galaxies do not necessarily contain classical bulges, [Barth, A.J., Greene, J.E., Ho, L.C., 2005. ApJ 619, L151.] show that their stellar velocity dispersions and black hole masses obey the same relation as more massive systems. In order to characterize the properties of the dwarf hosts without the glare of the active nucleus, we have compiled a complementary sample of narrow-line active galaxies with low-mass hosts. The host galaxy properties, both their structures and stellar populations, are consistent with the general properties of low-mass, blue galaxies from Sloan. The black holes in these galaxies are probably radiating close to their Eddington limits, suggesting we may have found Type 2 analogues of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies.
Head-to-tail cyclization and use of Cα-allyl ester protection improves the yield of cyclic peptides synthesized by the oxime resin method

Abstract Fully protected and C-terminal free cyclic (lactam-bridged) peptides are assembled by the oxime resin method in high yields and purity applying a four dimensional orthogonal (Boc/Bzl/Fmoc/Al) protection scheme and a head-to-tail cyclization strategy.
Acylation Targets Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase to Plasmalemmal Caveolae

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) generates the key signaling molecule nitric oxide in response to intralumenal hormonal and mechanical stimuli. We designed studies to determine whether eNOS is localized to plasmalemmal microdomains implicated in signal transduction called caveolae. Using immunoblot analysis, eNOS protein was detected in caveolar membrane fractions isolated from endothelial cell plasma membranes by a newly developed detergent-free method; eNOS protein was not found in noneaveolar plasma membrane. Similarly, NOS enzymatic activity was 9.4-fold enriched in caveolar membrane versus whole plasma membrane, whereas it was undetectable in non-caveolar plasma membrane. 51-86% of total NOS activity in postnuclear supernatant was recovered in plasma membrane, and 57-100% of activity in plasma membrane was recovered in caveolae. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that eNOS heavily decorated endothelial caveolae, whereas coated pits and smooth plasma membrane were devoid of gold particles. Furthermore, eNOS was targeted to caveolae in COS-7 cells transfected with wild-type eNOS cDNA. Studies with eNOS mutants revealed that both myristoylation and palmitoylation are required to target the enzyme to caveolae and that each acylation process enhances targeting by 10-fold. Thus, acylation targets eNOS to plasmalemmal caveolae. Localization to this microdomain is likely to optimize eNOS activation and the extracellular release of nitric oxide.
The X-ray Detectability of Electron Beams Escaping from the Sun

We study the detectability and characterization of electron beams as they leave their acceleration site in the low corona toward interplanetary space through their nonthermal X-ray bremsstrahlung emission. We demonstrate that the largest interplanetary electron beams (1035 electrons above 10 keV) can be detected in X-rays with current and future instrumentation, such as RHESSI or the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) onboard Hinode. We make a list of optimal observing conditions and beam characteristics. Amongst others, good imaging (as opposed to mere localization or detection in spatially integrated data) is required for proper characterization, putting the requirement on the number of escaping electrons (above 10 keV) to 3 × 1036 for RHESSI, 3 × 1035 for Hinode/XRT, and 1033 electrons for the FOXSI sounding rocket scheduled to fly in 2011. Moreover, we have found that simple modeling hints at the possibility that coronal soft X-ray jets could be the result of local heating by propagating electron beams.
Dynamic Lobbying Conflicts

This paper analyzes a dynamic lobbying model in which two antagonistic lobbies compete with each other for a prize over two time periods that are linked through status quo bias. The attacker has to decide whether to attempt an attack on the status quo already in the first period or whether to wait. We identify how the attacker’s behavior in the dynamic model differs from that in a comparable static model. Two antagonistic effects are the “option value effect” that is similar to the real option effect in the theory of investment decisions under uncertainty; and a “defender discouragement effect” that often makes change cheaper to achieve than in a comparable static model.
Experimental study of the x-ray transitions in the heliumlike isoelectronic sequence.

The wavelengths of the transition 1/ital s/2/ital pAr/1/ital s/2/ital p//sup 1/P/sub 1//r arrow/1s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/ in heliumlike potassium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron have been measured with an experimental precision of /Delta//lambda///lambda//approx/1/20,000. The data typically agree within error bars with recent theoretical predictions that include quantum electrodynamical corrections. However, the comparison shows that there are systematic differences between data and predictions, which indicate a need to include additional corrections in the calculations. In particular, it is found that the experimental wavelengths are consistently shorter than the calculated values by amounts which depend on the particular theoretical prediction used in the comparison. Measurements of the wavelengths of /Delta//ital n//ge/2 x-ray transitions in heliumlike argon, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron are also presented.
Clinical correlates of JAK2V617F allele burden in essential thrombocythemia.

BACKGROUND. JAK2V617F occurs in approximately 50% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Qualitative studies of mutation analysis have previously reported an association between JAK2V617F and advanced age, higher hemoglobin level, higher leukocyte count, and lower platelet count. A possible association with thrombotic complication has also been considered. METHODS. Allele-specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for JAK2V617F was performed in 176 patients with ET using genomic DNA from archived bone marrow, which was collected within 1 year (n = 72 patients), between 1 and 5 years (n = 64 patients), or after 5 years (n = 40 patients) of diagnosis. RESULTS. JAK2V617F was detected in 96 patients (55%), in whom mutant allele burden ranged from 1% to 100% (median, 6.3%). Neither mutational frequency (P = .37) nor mutant allele burden (P = .62) was affected by the timing of bone marrow sample collection. The presence of JAK2V617F was found to be significantly associated with higher hemoglobin level (P < .0001), lower platelet count (P = .001), higher leukocyte count (P = .008), increased incidence of venous thrombosis occurring after diagnosis (P = .02), and older age at diagnosis (P = .03). All but age retained significance in multivariable analysis. In mutation-positive patients (n = 96 patients), JAK2V617F allele burden clustered between 1% and 22% in 94 cases, in whom it correlated directly and significantly with platelet and leukocyte counts, palpable splenomegaly at diagnosis, and venous thrombosis occurring after diagnosis. The latter 2 associations remained significant with the inclusion of the remaining 2 outlier cases with 100% mutant allele burden; in addition, an association with male gender became evident. CONCLUSIONS. JAK2V617F allele burden imparts additional phenotypic effects in ET. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Searching for Uncertain Benefits and the Conservation of Biological Diversity

This paper describes a model under which the maximization of option value leads to a preference for biological diversity arising from potential substitutability among species.
Catalytic low-temperature oxydehydrogenation of methane to higher hydrocarbons with very high selectivity at 8-12 % conversion

Abstract Oxydehydrogenative coupling of methane to higher hydrocarbons has been obtained with close to 100% selectivity at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure in the presence of steam over a CaNiK oxide catalyst. The reaction resulting in higher hydrocarbons is catalytic. Some carbon dioxide is produced thermally. The reaction is slightly exothermic. An Arrhenius plot shows that methane oxidation to carbon dioxide predominates at temperatures above 600 °C and oxydehydrogenation of methane is dominant at lower temperatures. Artifacts, such as carbonate formation on the catalyst, have been excluded. The importance of exact catalyst composition and activation and the effect of the composition of the feed are demonstrated. A mechanism of catalyst deactivation is proposed.
Exchange rate sensitivity of Japan’s bilateral trade flows

Abstract The traditional way of assessing the impact of currency depreciation on the trade balance has been to estimate the elasticity of trade volume to relative prices. To this end, most previous studies used aggregate trade data. To shy away from problems associated with using aggregate data, recent studies have relied on bilateral trade data. Since import and export price data is not available on bilateral level, this study proposes an alternative way of assessing the impact of currency depreciation on bilateral trade flows. The models are applied between Japan and her nine largest trading partners using recent advances in time-series modeling.
Absorption spectra and photochemical rearrangement of octatetraene and decapentaene radical cations in solid argon

Abstract Parent radical cations of octatetraene and decapentaene have been prepared and trapped in solid argon using matrix photoionization methods with both cyclic and acyclic precursors. Visible absorption spectra are assigned to the all-trans cation isomer and several structures with increasing numbers of cis configurations. Irradiation into these bands with argon and krypton ion laser lines caused reversible rearrangements among several of the configurations for octatetraene and decapentaene cations. The cold matrix provides an excellent medium for studying molecular cation rearrangements where one structure can absorb light and other structures formed can be relaxed by the matrix before dissociation
A unified approach to testing for serial correlation in stock returns

This article provides a unified approach for testing serial correlation in stock returns. The authors describe a general class of statistics that are linear combinations of consistent estimators of autocorrelations. As special cases, they show that this class captures many of the statistics studied in the recent finance and macroeconomics literature. Using this result, the authors then provide a common perspective on the asymptotic distribution and power of these statistics. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.
Experimental investigation of a supersonic swept ramp injector using laser-induced iodine fluorescence

Planar measurements of injectant mole fraction and temperature have been conducted in a nonreacting supersonic combustor configured with underexpanded injection in the base of a swept ramp. The temperature measurements were conducted with a Mach 2 test section inlet in streamwise planes perpendicular to the test section wall on which the ramp was mounted. Injection concentration measurements, conducted in cross flow planes with both Mach 2 and Mach 2.9 free stream conditions, dramatically illustrate the domination of the mixing process by streamwise vorticity generated by the ramp. These measurements, conducted using a nonintrusive optical technique (laser-induced iodine fluorescence), provide an accurate and extensive experimental data base for the validation of computation fluid dynamic codes for the calculation of highly three-dimensional supersonic combustor flow fields.
Fermion bag approach to the sign problem in strongly coupled lattice QED with Wilson fermions

We explore the sign problem in strongly coupled lattice QED with one flavor of Wilson fermions in four dimensions using the fermion bag formulation. We construct rules to compute the weight of a fermion bag and show that even though the fermions are confined into bosons, fermion bags with negative weights do exist. By classifying fermion bags as either simple or complex, we find numerical evidence that large complex bags with positive and negative weights come with equal probabilities. On the other hand simple bags have a large probability of having a positive weight. In analogy with the meron cluster approach, we suggest that eliminating the complex bags from the partition function should alleviate the sign problem while capturing the important physics. We also find a modified model containing only simple bags which does not suffer from any sign problem and argue that it contains a parity breaking phase transition similar to the original model. We also prove that when the hopping parameter is strictly infinite all fermion bags are non-negative.
Isolation, structure elucidation, and antitumor activity of spirohexenolides A and B.

In this report, we describe the discovery of a pair of bioactive spirotetronates, spirohexenolides A (1) and B (2), that arose from the application of mutagenesis, clonal selection techniques, and media optimization to strains of Streptomyces platensis. The structures of spirohexenolides A (1) and B (2) were elucidated through X-ray crystallography and confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR studies. Under all examined culture conditions, spirohexenolide A (1) was the major metabolite with traces of spirohexenolide B (2) arising in cultures containing increased loads of adsorbent resins. Spirohexenolide A (1) inhibited tumor cell growth with GI50 values spanning from 0.1 to 17 μM across the NCI 60 cell line panel. An increased activity was observed in leukemia (GI50 value of 254 nM in RPMI-8226 cells), lung cancer (GI50 value of 191 nM in HOP-92 cells), and colon cancer (GI50 value of 565 nM in SW-620 cells) tumor cells. Metabolite 1 was fluorescent and could be examined on a confocal fluorescent microscope with conve...
Alleviating posttraumatic stress in children following hurricane Andrew

Sixty grade-school children who showed classroom behavior problems following Hurricane Andrew were given massage therapy on 8 days 1 month after the hurricane. Scores on the PTSD Reaction Index suggest that the children were experiencing severe posttraumatic stress. As compared to a video attention control group, the children who received massage therapy reported being happier and less anxious and had lower salivary cortisol levels after the therapy. In addition, the massage therapy group showed more sustained changes as manifested by lower scores on the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and self-drawings, and were observed to be more relaxed. These positive effects were promising given the persistence of PTSD symptoms noted for children who have not received intervention following disasters such as hurricanes.
The dynamics of zonal current variations in the central equatorial Indian Ocean

[1] This paper examines the depth integrated zonal momentum balance in the central equatorial Indian Ocean (0°, 80.5°E) for two periods in 1993–1994 and 2004–2006 using a combination of in-situ and satellite observations. One- to two-year record length mean balances are approximately linear and steady state. Monthly to seasonal time scale variations are also governed by linear dynamics, with imbalances between the pressure gradient force and surface wind stress leading to zonal mass transport variations along the equator. Interannual variations in zonal transports along the equator associated with Indian Ocean Dipole events in 1994 and 2006 are likewise consistent with linear dynamics. These results provide a valuable benchmark for evaluating models of equatorial Indian Ocean circulation on seasonal time scales.
The martingale problem for a class of stable-like processes

Abstract Let α ∈ ( 0 , 2 ) and consider the operator L f ( x ) = ∫ [ f ( x + h ) − f ( x ) − 1 ( | h | ≤ 1 ) ∇ f ( x ) ⋅ h ] A ( x , h ) | h | d + α d h for f ∈ C 2 ( R d ) , where the ∇ f ( x ) ⋅ h term is omitted if α 1 . We consider the martingale problem corresponding to the operator L and under mild conditions on the function A prove that there exists a unique solution.
Determining central black hole masses in distant active galaxies

An empirical relationship, of particular interest for studies of high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars, between the masses of their central black holes and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) parameters measured in single-epoch AGN spectra is presented. This relationship is calibrated to recently measured reverberation masses of low-redshift AGNs and quasars. An empirical relationship between single-epoch rest-frame optical spectrophotometric measurements and the central masses is also presented. The UV relationship allows reasonable estimates of the central masses to be made for high-redshift AGNs and quasars for which these masses cannot be directly or easily measured by the techniques applicable to the lower luminosity, nearby AGNs. The central mass obtained by this method can be estimated to within a factor of ~3 for most objects. This is reasonable given the intrinsic uncertainty of a factor of less than 2 in the primary methods used to measure the central masses of nearby inactive and active galaxies, namely, resolved gas and stellar kinematics in the underlying host galaxy and reverberation-mapping techniques. The UV relationship holds good potential for being a powerful tool for studying black hole demographics at high redshift as well as statistically studying the fundamental properties of AGNs. The broad-line region size-luminosity relationship is key to the calibrations presented here. The fact that its intrinsic scatter is also the main source of uncertainty in the calibrations stresses the need for better observational constraints to be placed on this relationship. The empirically calibrated relationships presented here will be applied to quasar samples in forthcoming work.
Target detection in MIMO radar using Golay complementary sequences in the presence of Doppler

In this paper, we present a method for detecting a point target using multiple antennas when the relative motion between the receivers and the target induces a non-trivial Doppler shift. We consider a 4×4 system employing sets of unitary waveforms. In case of a non-trivial Doppler shift induced by the target motion, the waveforms are no longer unitary, and unambiguous target ranging is not possible. To solve this problem, we adopt a subspace based approach where we show that the unitary waveforms used have a non-empty null-space under certain conditions, and by processing the waveforms with vectors from the null-space, we can significantly improve the detection performance.
Normalization of collisional decoherence: squaring the delta function, and an independent cross-check

We show that when the Hornberger–Sipe calculation of collisional decoherence is carried out with the squared delta function a delta of energy, instead of a delta of the absolute value of momentum, following a method introduced by Diosi, the corrected formula for the decoherence rate is simply obtained. The results of Hornberger and Sipe and of Diosi are shown to be in agreement. As an independent cross-check, we calculate the mean squared coordinate diffusion of a hard sphere implied by the corrected decoherence master equation, and show that it agrees precisely with the same quantity as calculated by a classical Brownian motion analysis.
Point form electrodynamics and the Gupta–Bleuler formalism

Abstract The Gupta–Bleuler formalism for photons is generalized by choosing the representation of the little group for massless particles, the two-dimensional Euclidean group, to be the four-dimensional nonunitary representation obtained by restricting elements of the Lorentz group to the Euclidean group. Though the little group representation is nonunitary, it is shown that the representation of the Poincare group is unitary. Under Lorentz transformations photon creation and annihilation operators transform as irreducible representations of massless particles, and not as four-vectors. As a consequence the polarization vector, which connects the four-vector potential with creation and annihilation operators, is given in terms of boosts, coset representatives of the Lorentz group with respect to the Euclidean group. Several polarization vectors (boost choices) are worked out, including a front form polarization vector. The different boost choices are shown to be related by the analogue of Melosh rotations, namely Euclidean group transformations
Stability of peroxide-containing uranyl minerals.

Minerals containing peroxide are limited to studtite, (UO2)O2(H2O)4, and metastudtite, (UO2)O2(H2O)2. High-temperature oxide-melt solution calorimetry and solubility measurements for studtite (standard enthalpy of formation at 298 kelvin is –2344.7 ± 4.0 kilojoules per mole from the elements) establishes that these phases are stable in peroxide-bearing environments, even at low H2O2 concentrations. Natural radioactivity in a uranium deposit, or the radioactivity of nuclear waste, can create sufficient H2O2 by alpha radiolysis of water for studtite formation. Studtite and metastudtite may be important alteration phases of nuclear waste in a geological repository and of spent fuel under any long-term storage, possibly at the expense of the commonly expected uranyl oxide hydrates and uranyl silicates.
Thick Fireballs and the Steep Decay in the Early X-Ray Afterglow of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We study the early afterglows of gamma-ray bursts produced by geometrically thick fireballs, following the development of the external shock as energy is continually supplied to the shocked material. We study the dependence of the early afterglow slope on the luminosity history of the central engine. The resulting light curves are modeled with power-law functions, and the importance of a correct choice of the reference time t0 is investigated. We find that deviations from a simple power law are observed only if a large majority of the energy is released at late times. The light curve in this case can be described as a simple power law if the reference time is set to be close to the end of the burst. We applied our analysis to the cases of GRB 050219a and GRB 050315. We show that the early steep decay of the afterglow cannot result from the interaction of the fireball with the ambient medium. We conclude that the early X-ray afterglow emission is associated with the prompt phase, and we derive limits on the radius at which the prompt radiation is produced.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical and Thermal Properties of (C4H9NH3)2MI4 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb)

Single crystals of the organic-inorganic layered perovskites (C4H9NH3)2MI4 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) have been grown from aqueous hydriodic acid solutions. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to compare crystal structure, metal atom lone-pair stereoactivity, and physical properties as a function of group IVB element. The orthorhombic (C4H9NH3)2GeI4 structure, refined in the space group Pcmn, consists of single-layer-thick perovskite sheets of distorted corner-sharing GeI6 octahedra separated by n-butylammonium cation bilayers. (C4H9NH3)2SnI4 and (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 are structurally very similar but adopt the space group Pbca, with a more ideal octahedral iodine coordination around the divalent group IVB atoms. Within the more general tin(II)-based family, (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1SnnI3n+1, a structural comparison between the title semiconducting n = 1 compound and the previously reported semimetallic n = 3 and metallic n → ∞ members demonstrates a correlation between perovskite...
Hyperbolic cone-manifold structures with prescribed holonomy II: higher genus

We consider the relationship between hyperbolic cone-manifold structures on surfaces, and algebraic representations of the fundamental group into a group of isometries. A hyperbolic cone-manifold structure on a surface, with all interior cone angles being integer multiples of 2π, determines a holonomy representation of the fundamental group. We ask, conversely, when a representation of the fundamental group is the holonomy of a hyperbolic cone-manifold structure. In this paper we build upon previous work with punctured tori to prove results for higher genus surfaces. Our techniques construct fundamental domains for hyperbolic cone-manifold structures, from the geometry of a representation. Central to these techniques are the Euler class of a representation, the group $${\widetilde{PSL_{2}\mathbb{R}}}$$ , the twist of hyperbolic isometries, and character varieties. We consider the action of the outer automorphism and related groups on the character variety, which is measure-preserving with respect to a natural measure derived from its symplectic structure, and ergodic in certain regions. Under various hypotheses, we almost surely or surely obtain a hyperbolic cone-manifold structure with prescribed holonomy.
Atmospheric acoustics as a factor in saturn static testing

Atmospheric acoustic factors in saturn launch vehicle testing - reduction by weather forecasting
Convergent approximation for the 2-body correlation function in an interface

Abstract A convergent approximation is proposed for a mean field density–density correlation function in a system with a two-phase interface. It is based on a fourth-order expansion of the Hamiltonian in terms of fluctuations around the equilibrium profile. The approach is illustrated by one- and three-dimensional calculations for systems characterized by the Ginzburg–Landau functional.
BURNING MOLINIA–DOMINANT VEGETATION FOR GRAZING BY RED DEER

Burnt Molinia caerulea–dominant range on the Isle of Rhum, N.W. Scotland, was grazed much more heavily by red deer than surrounding unhurnt Molinia stands. The effect was greatest in the first growing season after hurning. The practice of hurning Molinia in this region, where red–deer management is a major land use and Molinia is one of the main forage plants, is discussed.
Proton structure in proton–antiproton collisions

Proton–antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider currently offer the highest–energy collisions available in the laboratory. In this paper we briefly discuss measurements which are sensitive to the internal structure of the proton. We also describe measurements which search for substructure in the partons, the quarks and gluons which form the proton.
New Perspectives on the Pelagic Stage of Sea Turtle Development

An original difficulty in accepting the idea of a pe- lagic developmental period for sea turtles was to explain how food could be found in reliable supply in the open ocean The uncertainty that this introduced was removed when I belatedly came to appreciate theprevalence and diversity of convergences where downwelling gathers and aligns buoyant material, in- cluding the dispersedfood resources of the surface waters. Thus, it now seems clear that an essential factor in the survival of young sea turtles-and of other elements of the epipelagic, open-oceanfauna as well-is the accessibility of afront, where inanimate debris and any floating animal or plant will be gathered in This new evidence of complexity in the lost-year ecology of sea turtles has important implications for their conservation and management. It is now obvious that when young cultured sea turtles are released in so-called head-starting projects, the release sites ought to be chosen with the greatest care. Shores located at a distance from any major current or its eddy ought to be avoided It is also necessary to avoid release localities where the convergence habitat may carry heavy loads of pol- lutant& Results of the present work reveal an urgent need for further study of sea turtle life cycles, with special attention to their developmental ecology. The growing evidence for a more pro- tracted pelagic stage, during which the juvenile turtles are pas- sive migrants in fronts that are increasingly invaded by debris
Time and frequency domain methods for heart rate variability analysis: a methodological comparison.

The purpose of this paper is to analytically evaluate and compare two of the most common methods for measuring respiration-related heart rate fluctuations: linear detrended heart rate power spectral analysis and the Porges technique of filtered variance. Low-frequency power was removed from instantaneous 4-Hz R-R interval signals using either a first-order linear (linear/spectral technique) or a third-order polynomial (MPF-var technique). The signals were band-pass filtered and analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. Although in most cases the two techniques yielded substantially similar results, the MPF-var technique resulted in signal amplification at a few specific frequencies. The frequency range and effect of amplification of the MPF-var technique were dependent upon the polynomial size, sampling frequency, and frequency content of the signal.
Large aperture multi-pass amplifiers for high peak power lasers

Abstract We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the optimal conditions whereby amplification using the Extraction During Pumping (EDP) technique can deliver up to four times more energy than a conventional amplifier. The existence of an optimal combination of incident pump fluence and pump area is shown. This allows kJ level energy extraction with existing technology.
Price Discovery in Auction Markets: A Look Inside the Black Box

Opening mechanisms play a crucial role in information aggregation following the overnight nontrading period. This article examines the process of price discovery at the New YorkStockExchange single-price opening auction. We develop a theoretical model to explain the determinants of the opening price and test the model using order-level data. We show that the presence of designated dealers facilitates price discovery relative to a fully automated call auction market. This is consistent with specialists extracting information from observing the evolution of the limit order book. In addition, the specialist’s opening trade reflects noninformational factors such as price stabilization requirements.
Kinematic Edges with Flavor Oscillation and Non-Zero Widths

Kinematic edges in cascade decays provide a probe of the masses of new particles. In some new physics scenarios the decay chain involves intermediate particles of different flavors that can mix and oscillate. We discuss the implication of such oscillation, and in particular its interplay with the non-zero widths of the particles. We derive explicit formulae for differential decay rates involving both non-zero widths and oscillation, and show that in the case where the mass difference between the intermediate particle is of the order of their widths, both oscillation and width effects are important. An examination of the physical observables contained in these differential decay rates is provided. We calculate differential decay rates for cases in which the intermediate particles are either scalars or fermions.
Midwave-infrared snapshot imaging spectrometer.

We report results from a demonstration of a midwave-infrared, nonscanning, high-speed imaging spectrometer capable of simultaneously recording spatial and spectral data from a rapidly varying target scene. We demonstrated high-speed spectral imaging by collecting spectral and spatial snapshots of blackbody targets and combustion products. The instrument is based on computed tomography concepts and operates in a midwave-infrared band of 3.0–5.0 µm. We record raw images at a frame rate of 60 frames/s, using a 512 × 512 InSb focal-plane array. Reconstructed object cube estimates were sampled at 46 × 46 × 21 (x, y, λ) elements, or 0.1-µm spectral sampling. Reconstructions of several objects are presented.
On the theory of dielectric spectroscopy of protein solutions.

We present a theory of the dielectric response of solutions containing large solutes, of the nanometer size, in a molecular solvent. It combines the molecular dipole moment of the solute with the polarization of a large subensemble of solvent molecules at the solute?solvent interface. The goal of the theory is two-fold: (i)?to formulate the problem of the dielectric response avoiding the reliance on the cavity-field susceptibility of dielectric theories and (ii)?to separate the non-additive polarization of the interface, jointly produced by the external field of the laboratory experiment and the solute, from specific solute?solvent interactions contributing to the dielectric signal. The theory is applied to experimentally reported frequency-dependent dielectric spectra of lysozyme in solution. The analysis of the data in the broad range of frequencies up to 700?GHz shows that the cavity-field susceptibility, critical for the theory formulation, is consistent with the prediction of Maxwell?s electrostatics in the frequency range of 10?200?GHz, but deviates from it outside this range. In particular, it becomes much smaller than the Maxwell result, and shifts to negative values, at small frequencies. The latter observation implies a dia-electric response, or negative dielectrophoresis, of hydrated lysozyme. It also implies that the effective protein dipole recorded by dielectric spectroscopy is much smaller than the value calculated from the protein?s charge distribution. We suggest an empirical equation that describes both the increment of the static dielectric constant and the decrement of the Debye water peak with increasing protein concentration. It gives fair agreement with broad-band dispersion and loss spectra of protein solutions, but misses the ?-dispersion region.
Temporary Components of Stock Returns: What Do the Data Tell Us?

Within the past few years several articles have suggested that returns on large equity portfolios may contain a significant predictable component at horizons three to six years. Subsequently, the tests used in these analyses have been criticized (appropriately) for having widely misunderstood size and power, rendering the conclusions inappropriate. This criticism, however, has not focused on the data, it addresses the properties of the tests. In this article we adopt a subjectivist analysis--treating the data as fixed--to ascertain whether the data have anything to say about the permanent-temporary decomposition. The data speak clearly and they tell us that for all intents and purposes, stock prices follow a random walk. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
On knot Floer homology and lens space surgeries

Abstract In an earlier paper, we used the absolute grading on Heegaard Floer homology HF + to give restrictions on knots in S 3 which admit lens space surgeries. The aim of the present article is to exhibit stronger restrictions on such knots, arising from knot Floer homology. One consequence is that the non-zero coefficients of the Alexander polynomial of such a knot are ± 1 . This information can in turn be used to prove that certain lens spaces are not obtained as integral surgeries on knots. In fact, combining our results with constructions of Berge, we classify lens spaces L ( p , q ) which arise as integral surgeries on knots in S 3 with | p | ⩽ 1500 . Other applications include bounds on the four-ball genera of knots admitting lens space surgeries (which are sharp for Berge's knots), and a constraint on three-manifolds obtained as integer surgeries on alternating knots, which is closely to related to a theorem of Delman and Roberts.
Universal Count Correction for High-Throughput Sequencing

We show that existing RNA-seq, DNase-seq, and ChIP-seq data exhibit overdispersed per-base read count distributions that are not matched to existing computational method assumptions. To compensate for this overdispersion we introduce a nonparametric and universal method for processing per-base sequencing read count data called Fixseq. We demonstrate that Fixseq substantially improves the performance of existing RNA-seq, DNase-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis tools when compared with existing alternatives.
Globalization, Transformation, and Quality of Life: Reflections on ICMD-8 and Participative Marketing and Development

The authors reflect on the trends that inspired the 8th International Conference on Marketing and Development and some overarching sentiments that emerged during the conference. Trends indicate that globalization and transformation continue and are inextricably connected to marketing and development; many stakeholders in developing economies are enthused about opportunities provided by globalization and transformation. It is, however, becoming clear that quality of life only can be enhanced throughout the world during the long term if (1) more stakeholders are more fully included in the process, (2) concepts and measures of development are expanded, and (3) more cross-disciplinary, collaborative research endeavors and policies are designed and implemented.
A Pulsational Mechanism for Producing Keplerian Disks Around Be Stars

Classical Be stars are an enigmatic subclass of rapidly rotating hot stars characterized by dense equatorial disks of gas that have been inferred to orbit with Keplerian velocities. Although these disks seem to be ejected from the star and not accreted, there is substantial observational evidence to show that the stars rotate more slowly than required for centrifugally driven mass loss. This paper develops an idea (proposed originally by Hiroyasu Ando and colleagues) that nonradial stellar pulsations inject enough angular momentum into the upper atmosphere to spin up a Keplerian disk. The pulsations themselves are evanescent in the stellar photosphere, but they may be unstable to the generation of resonant oscillations at the acoustic cutoff frequency. A detailed theory of the conversion from pulsations to resonant waves does not yet exist for realistic hot-star atmospheres, so the current models depend on a parameterized approximation for the efficiency of wave excitation. Once resonant waves have been formed, however, they grow in amplitude with increasing height, steepen into shocks, and exert radial and azimuthal Reynolds stresses on the mean fluid. Using reasonable assumptions for the stellar parameters, these processes were found to naturally create the inner boundary conditions required for dense Keplerian disks, even when the underlying B-star photosphere is rotating as slowly as 60% of its critical rotation speed. Because there is evidence for long-term changes in Be-star pulsational properties, this model may also account for the long-term variability of Be stars, including transitions between normal, Be, and shell phases.
Turbulence Characteristics in the Near Wake of a Compressor Rotor Blade

This paper is concerned with the turbulence properties in the near wake of a rotating compressor blade. The variation of the axial, tangential and radial intensities as well as stresses across the wake and its decay characteristics were measured with a triaxial hot wire probe rotating with the rotor downstream of an axial flow compressor. The turbulence intensities decay very rapidly in the near wake region. The radial component of intensity is found to be higher than the tangential and axial components. This is a consequence of the effect of rotation on the turbulence structure. A qualitative analysis is carried out to predict the effect of rotation on the turbulence structure. These are in general agreement with the measured data.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a New Glaserite Material, K3RE(VO4)2 (RE = Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, or Tm) with Potential Lasing and Optical Properties

A new series of materials of the glaserite family with the general formula K3RE(VO4)2(RE = Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) have been hydrothermally synthesized using 10 M K2CO3 at 560 °C and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder XRD, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), energy-dispersion X-ray (EDX), Raman, infrared, and absorption spectroscopy. All the compounds crystallize in the trigonal P3m1 space group (No. 164), and their structures contain VO4 tetrahedra, REO6 octahedra, and two different K(1)O10 and K(2)O12 polyhedra. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+, Yb3+, or Er3+ doped K3RE(VO4)2 (RE = Y or Lu) are also reported, and the results obtained show that these compounds have promising potential as new laser host materials.
Examining the ability of core inflation to capture the overall trend of total inflation

This article examines whether core inflation is able to predict the overall trend of total inflation using real-time data in a parametric and nonparametric framework. Specifically, two sample periods and five in-sample forecast horizons in two measures of inflation, which are the Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), are used in the exclusions-from-core inflation persistence model. This article finds that core inflation is only able to capture the overall trend of total inflation for the 12-quarter in-sample forecast horizon using the CPI in both the parametric and nonparametric models in the longer sample period. The nonparametric model outperforms the parametric model for both data samples and for all five in-sample forecast horizons.
Bounding the payment of approximate truthful mechanisms

In a STACS 2003 paper, Talwar analyzes the overpayment the VCG mechanism incurs for ensuring truthfulness in auctions. Among other results, he studies k-Set Cover (given a universe U and a collection of sets S 1 , S 2 , ? , S m , each having a cost c ( S i ) and at most k elements of U, find a minimum cost subcollection - a cover - whose union equals U) and shows that the payment of the VCG mechanism is at most k ? c ( OPT ' ) , where OPT ' is the best cover disjoint from the optimum cover OPT . The VCG mechanism requires finding an optimum cover. For k ? 3 , k-Set Cover is known to be NP-hard, and thus truthful mechanisms based on approximation algorithms are desirable. We show that the payment incurred by two mechanisms based on approximation algorithms (including the Greedy algorithm) is bounded by ( k - 1 ) c ( OPT ) + k ? c ( OPT ' ) . The same approximation algorithms have payment bounded by k ( c ( OPT ) + c ( OPT ' ) ) when applied to more general set systems, which include k-Polymatroid Cover, a problem related to Steiner Tree computations. If q is such that an element in a k-Set Cover instance appears in at most q sets, we show that the total payment based on our algorithms is bounded by q ? k 2 times the total payment of the VCG mechanism.
Approximating the maxmin-angle covering triangulation

Abstract Given a planar straight-line graph or polygon with holes, we seek a covering triangulation whose minimum angle is as large as possible. A covering triangulation is a Steiner triangulation with the following restriction: no Steiner vertices may be added on an input edge. We give an explicit upper bound on the largest possible minimum angle in any covering triangulation of a given input. This upper bound depends on local geometric features of the input. We then show that our covering triangulation has minimum angle at least a constant factor times this upper bound. This is the first known algorithm for generating a covering triangulation of an arbitrary input with a provable bound on triangle shape. Covering triangulations can be used to triangulate intersecting regions independently, and so solve several subproblems of mesh generation.
Atom-photon entanglement generation and distribution

We extend an earlier model by Law and Kimble [J. Mod. Opt.44, 2067 (1997)] for a cavity QED based single-photon-gun to atom-photon entanglement generation and distribution. We illuminate the importance of a small critical atom number on the fidelity of the proposed operation in the strong-coupling limit. Our result points to a promisingly high purity and efficiency using currently available cavity QED parameters, and sheds new light on constructing quantum computing and communication devices with trapped atoms, and high-$Q$ optical cavities.
Para-quinone methide initiated intramolecular electrophilic substitution reactions

Abstract A study on the reactivity of para -quinone methides in intramolecular cyclization reactions is presented. The para -quinone methides were isolated and completely characterized prior to cyclization. A furan, a pyrrole and a mono-alkyl substituted benzene were used as cyclization terminators.
Simplicity of Eigenvalues in the Anderson Model

We give a transparent and intuitive proof that all eigenvalues of the Anderson model in the region of localization are simple.
Orbit Determination for a Jupiter Orbiter Tour of the Galilean Satellites

Current NASA planning envisions an ambitious Jupiter tour mission which will arrive at the planet in the year, 1984. The objectives of this mission are to broaden our knowledge of the outer solar system and in particular to extend our understanding of the physical processes at work in the Jupiter and Galilean satellite environment. To achieve these goals, precise spacecraft navigation is a fundamental requirement inasmuch as very near encounters with the satellites are necessary both for the planned scientific investigations and to reduce fuel requirements necessary for orbital insertion about the planet. This paper, deals with problems of producing precise spacecraft state estimates relative to the Galilean satellites, with the aid of both earth-based radio and on-board video data.
Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of (+)-Epicalyxin F

We have established the structure of (+)-epicalyxin F through chemical synthesis. An acid-promoted rearrangement of synthetic benzopyran 6 led to the identification of the natural product as (3S,5S,7R)-epicalyxin F (22). Comparison with NMR spectra and optical rotation of the natural product confirms our assignment, and the reassigned structure is compatible with the proposed biosynthetic pathway.
Innovation and collaboration in the geographic information systems (GIS) industry: evidence from Canada and the United States

This paper examines the role of collaborative technical activity in the innovation performance of Canadian and US companies in the geographic information systems (GIS) industry. This young but rapidly growing sector produces specialised hardware and software for cartographic applications (computer mapping). Evidence from a sample of 384 companies suggests that innovation is strongly dependent upon in-house R&D. The results also suggest that a firm’s propensity to operate within a collaborative network varies directly with its R&-intensity. A description of the main benefits and costs of collaboration is presented. Although there is no statistical association between innovation and the incidence of external collaboration, the evidence suggests that R&D partnerships contribute to the innovation process in a number of important ways. The key contribution lies in the speed of product commercialisation. A related finding is that collaborators tend to generate radical innovations more frequently than less successful and/or non-collaborators.