cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting attitudes toward seeking and using rormal mental health and psychological services among Arab-Muslims population

Despite increased understanding and sensitivity of attitudes of individuals seeking formal mental health services of various minority groups in the United States, the experience of the Arab Muslim population is understudied. The dominant Arab Islamic research suggests individual's attitudes toward formal mental health services are negative. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes toward seeking and using formal mental health and psychological services among the Arab Muslim population residing in a large, midwestern city in the United States. Four independent variables were selected and tested based on a developed model: help-seeking pathways of Arab Muslims. Three hundred sixty questionnaires were mailed and distributed to Arab Muslims residing in the metropolis through five Arab Islamic organizations. The results indicated that Arab Muslim attitudes toward seeking formal mental health services are most likely to be affected by cultural and traditional beliefs about mental health proble...
Molecular biology of myocardial recovery.

Heart failure has been considered as an irreversible clinical conditions wherein the medical management only prolongs the inexorable slow deterioration of the left ventricle (LV) function. Recently, there has been an increase in reports that offer new hope for the failing hearts. Pharmacologically unloading the failing heart has been shown to result in improved survival with evidence of myocardial recovery [1–3] .M ore recently the use of a left ventricular assistant device (LVAD), which results in a dramatic mechanical and hemodynamic unloading of the failing left ventricle, has provided a unique opportunity to investigate whether unloading the failing LV could result in permanent myocardial recovery. The fact that LVAD unloading is associated with myocardial recovery of hypertrophy, calcium homeostasis, contractility, abrogation of apoptosis, and inotropic responsiveness challenges the concept that heart failure is a hopeless end-stage clinical condition. Although it has been proposed that the LVAD unloading results in regression of hypertrophy, and improved myocytes function and LV geometry, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this beneficial effect remain unknown. As the pathogenetic basis of LVAD-mediated reverse remodeling is uncovered, LVADs that are currently being used as bridge-to-transplant therapy in patients with severe heart failure may be useful for the ‘‘bridge-to-recovery.’’
A Further Examination of Attentional Effects in the Phonemic Restoration Illusion

Models of how listeners understand speech must specify the types of representations that are computed, the nature of the flow of information, and the control structures that modify performance. Three experiments are reported that focus on the control processes in speech perception. Subjects in the experiments tried to discriminate stimuli in which a phoneme had been replaced with white noise from stimuli in which white noise was merely superimposed on a phoneme. In the first two experiments, subjects practiced the discrimination for thousands of trials but did not improve, suggesting that they have poor access to low-level representations of the speech signal. In the third experiment, each (auditory) stimulus was preceded by a visual cue that could potentially be used to focus attention in order to enhance performance. Only subjects who received information about both the identity of the impending word and the identity of the critical phoneme showed enhanced discrimination. Other cues, including syllabic ...
Doing business internationally: an annotated bibliography

This bibliography is intended to be selective with each entry focusing on a practical resource for doing business internationally. Each entry contains evaluative and descriptive annotations. There are numerous Web sites and resources on how to do business internationally and some of them are shallow if not misleading. The author has examined many resources prior to making a decision for inclusion in this bibliography. Entries are from sources such as the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Commerce Web sites, as well as reference sources, books, government documents, international etiquette, legal requirements, trade regulations, and other Web sites. The purpose is to increase awareness of quality resources. This guide will help reference librarians to better serve their patrons on international matters.
Quantum critical behavior in three dimensional lattice Gross-Neveu models

We study quantum critical behavior in three dimensional lattice Gross-Neveu models containing two four-component massless Dirac fermions. We focus on two models with $SU(2)$ flavor symmetry and either a ${Z}_{2}$ or a $U(1)$ chiral symmetry. Both models could not be studied earlier due to sign problems. We use the fermion bag approach which is free of sign problems and compute critical exponents at the phase transitions. We estimate $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.83(1)$, $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.62(1)$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}=0.38(1)$ in the ${Z}_{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.849(8)$, $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.633(8)$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}}=0.373(3)$ in the $U(1)$ model.
INTERTHEORETICAL IDENTITY AND ONTOLOGICAL REDUCTIONS

I argue that there are good reasons to assume that Quine’s theory of reference and ontology is incompatible with reductive statements – such as ‘Heat is molecular motion’ or ‘Rabbits are conglomerations of cells’. Apparently, reductive statements imply certain intertheoretical identities, yet Quine’s theory of reference and ontology seems incompatible with intertheoretical identities. I argued that treating, for the sake of reconciliation, reductive statements along the lines of Quine’s theory of an ontological reduction (which does not imply intertheoretical identity) fails. Then I discussed two alternative strategies on behalf of Quine to handle reductive statements: the Holistic Strategy (which appeals to Quine’s notion of an all-encompassing background theory) and the Individuative Strategy (which draws on Quine’s notion of an apparatus of individuation). I argue that the Individuative Strategy promises to succeed. However, the Individuative Strategy obliges to revising Quine’s theory of an ontological reduction – a revision that, as I argue, can and should be implemented.
Cellulase activity and ethylene in ripening strawberry and apple fruits

Abstract A six-fold increase in cellulase activity, measured as the reduction in viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose, was associated with maturation and softening in strawberry fruit. Applied ethylene did not increase cellulase levels in harvested strawberry fruit. This agrees with earlier findings that ethylene does not appear to regulate strawberry ripening. In apple, an ethylene-sensitive fruit, a decrease in cellulase activity was observed in fruit allowed to ripen on the tree.
Fusion techniques of fuzzy systems and neural networks, and fuzzy systems and genetic algorithms

This paper overviews four combinations of fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms: (1) neural networks to auto-design fuzzy systems, (2) employing fuzzy rule structure to construct structured neural networks, (3) genetic algorithms to auto-design fuzzy systems, and (4) a fuzzy knowledge-based system to control genetic parameter dynamically.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Operators on the ∞-spaces of Bourgain and Delbaen

Abstract In 1980, J. Bourgain and F. Delbaen constructed two classes and of ∞-spaces each exhibiting many surprising properties. In particular, the members of each possess the Schur property and the members of are somewhat reflexive. In this paper, for a Banach space in either of these classes we define a bounded shift-type operator which is an isometry when restricted to a certain hyperplane.
A simple method for clonal selection of hepatitis A virus based on recovery of virus from radioimmunofocus overlays.

Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV), a non-cytopathic picornavirus, has been quantitated in cell culture by autora-diographic detection of foci of viral replication developing beneath an agarose overlay following fixation and ‘staining’ of the cell sheet with radiolabelled antibody (radioimmunofocus assay). Using a modification of this basic technique, a clonal variant of HM-175 strain HAV was isolated from agarose overlying individual radioimmunofoci. Virus recovered from the agarose was amplified in small volume cultures of BS-C-1 cells and identified in supernatant culture fluids by cDNA-RNA hybridization. No virus was recovered from agarose which did not overlie a focus of viral replication. This method offers a simple, yet relatively rapid and certain means of selecting clonal variants of non-plaquing viruses such as hepatitis A virus.
Application of a skill-based training model for group counselors

Abstract A six-stage skill-based model for training group counselors that incorporates experiential, didactic, observational, and role-play components is described. Skill-based training methodologies can be applied to each of the core skill competencies for group counselors as outlined by the Association for Specialists in Group Work. Because this training model focuses on skill acquisition rather than interpersonal development, it can be used to reduce dual-relationship issues in the training of group counselors. Also, skill-based training models contain mechanisms for enhancing the self-confidence of group counselor trainees that my not be present in training models that are strictly didactic in nature.e
III-Nitride photon counting avalanche photodiodes

In order for solar and visible blind III-nitride based photodetectors to effectively compete with the detective performance of PMT there is a need to develop photodetectors that take advantage of low noise avalanche gain. Furthermore, in certain applications, it is desirable to obtain UV photon counting performance. In this paper, we review the characteristics of III-nitride visible-blind avalanche photodetectors (APDs), and present the state-of-the-art results on photon counting based on the Geiger mode operation of GaN APDs. The devices are fabricated on transparent AlN templates specifically for back-illumination in order to enhance hole-initiated multiplication. The spectral response and Geiger-mode photon counting performance are analyzed under low photon fluxes, with single photon detection capabilities being demonstrated in smaller devices. Other major technical issues associated with the realization of high-quality visible-blind APDs and Geiger mode APDs are also discussed in detail and solutions to the major problems are described where available. Finally, future prospects for improving upon the performance of these devices are outlined.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and community violence: An update for nurse practitioners

PURPOSE: An update on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and community violence for nurse practitioners (NPs) and other healthcare providers is required. DATA SOURCES: A review of current literature on PTSD related to community violence is presented as well as an overview of PTSD disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Violence takes place in our communities and in our larger social world every day. In the face of increasing disasters and violent events, there is growing concern over the overall impact of violence on mental health. PTSD, a type of anxiety disorder, may develop as a result of exposure to these events. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: NPs have an important role to play in recognizing and treating PTSD symptoms in persons following exposure to a severe psychological trauma. Language: en
Effect of a DC bias field on the ferroelectric phase transition of KTN

Dielectric and elastic constant measurements have been performed on a KTN crystal with 15.7% Nb crystal at various DC bias electric fields. The temperature and field dependences of the two constant...
High-Performance M/LWIR Dual-Band HgCdTe/Si Focal-Plane Arrays

Mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) grown on large-area silicon (Si) substrates allows for larger array formats and potentially reduced focal-plane array (FPA) cost compared with smaller, more expensive cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) substrates. In this work, the use of HgCdTe/Si for mid- wavelength/long-wavelength infrared (M/LWIR) dual-band FPAs is evaluated for tactical applications. A number of M/LWIR dual-band HgCdTe triple-layer n-P-n heterojunction device structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on 100-mm (211)Si substrates. Wafers exhibited low macrodefect densities (< 300 cm−2). Die from these wafers were mated to dual-band readout integrated circuits to produce FPAs. The measured 81-K cutoff wavelengths were 5.1 μm for band 1 (MWIR) and 9.6 μm for band 2 (LWIR). The FPAs exhibited high pixel operability in each band with noise-equivalent differential temperature operability of 99.98% for the MWIR band and 98.7% for the LWIR band at 81 K. The results from this series are compared with M/LWIR FPAs from 2009 to address possible methods for improvement. Results obtained in this work suggest that MBE growth defects and dislocations present in devices are not the limiting factor for detector operability, with regards to infrared detection for tactical applications.
Franciscan Complex Calera limestones: accreted remnants of Farallon Plate oceanic plateaus

The Calera Limestone, part of the Franciscan Complex of northern California, may have formed in a palaeoenvironment similar to Hess and Shatsky Rises of the present north-west Pacific1. We report here new palaeomagnetic results, palaeontological data and recent plate-motion models that reinforce this assertion. The Calera Limestone may have formed on Farallon Plate plateaus, north of the Pacific–Farallon spreading centre as a counterpart to Hess or Shatsky Rises. In one model2, the plateaus were formed by hotspots close to the Farallon–Pacific ridge axis. On accretion to North America, plateau dissection in the late Cretaceous to Eocene (50–70 Myr) could explain the occurrence of large volumes of pillow basalt and exotic blocks of limestone in the Franciscan Complex. Partial subduction of the plateaus could have contributed to Laramide (70–40 Myr) compressional events3.
Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna

The investigation carried out in this paper was stimulated by a recent paper published by Love (2002), in which the appropriateness of the use of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna was questioned. A review of the available literature led to the conclusion that the limitations inherent in the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits had not been adequately examined, and this led to the investigation that is reported on in this paper. The Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits are useful in the reduction of the equivalent circuit for a transmitting-receiving antenna system to simpler networks that facilitate the evaluation of the received power. One finds in the literature that the calculated power dissipation within these equivalent circuits is often equated to the reradiated and scattered power from the receiving antenna. Such calculations are not correct, because power dissipation in the network from which the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits were obtained cannot be made using the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits. However, as we will show, the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits can be used to find a reradiated electromagnetic field that is a part of the total field scattered by a receiving antenna. As part of the derivation of this new result, we develop a derivation of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits from the basic principles of uniqueness and superposition applied to electromagnetic fields.
Deuterium NMR in solids with a cylindrical magic angle sample spinner

Abstract A cylindrical NMR sample spinner employing gas bearings is described. Its application to high-resolution deuterium NMR in solids by magic angle spinning is demonstrated. Resolution in the isotropic deuterium chemical shift spectra is extremely sensitive to the magic angle setting and fluctuations of the spinner axis. The cylindrical-gas bearing design provides the stability necessary for nearly complete removal of the deuterium quadrupole coupling. Typical high-resolution deuterium solid-state spectra are shown of some polycrystalline organic molecular solids.
Electron-Mediated CO Oxidation on the TiO2(110) Surface during Electronic Excitation

The role of electrons and holes in the electronically excited oxidation of adsorbed CO on TiO2(110) has been investigated by tuning the surface electron and hole availability by the adsorption of Cl2 or O2. The presence of an electron acceptor (Cl2 or O2) on the TiO2(110) surface causes upward band bending, increasing the excited hole availability and decreasing the excited electron availability in the near surface region. This enhances O2 desorption and depresses CO2 production during electronic excitation. This result gives clear evidence for the first time that the electronically excited CO oxidation reaction is caused by an electron-mediated process in contrast to O2 desorption which is mediated by holes.
Over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications used for the self-treatment of acute nonspecific diarrhea.

Abstract Because there are approximately 100 over-the-counter (OTC) products available for self-treatment of acute diarrhea, it is difficult for consumers or even pharmacists and physicians to be sure which products are both safe and effective. Until Congress expanded the authority of the Food and Drug Administration in 1962, manufacturers only had to prove that their products were safe. Unfortunately, a majority of OTC products that are now available were on the market before 1962. To eliminate all noneffective products, the Food and Drug Administration established a three-phase OTC drug review process. The ultimate goal of this process is to ensure that all OTC medications are safe and effective and carry full and informative labeling. In 1975, the Advisory Review Panel on OTC Laxative, Antidiarrheal, Emetic, and Antiemetic Drug Products published its recommendations on which OTC antidiarrheal ingredients were both safe and effective [Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the-counter human use: proposed monograph. Federal Register 1975; 40: 12902–12944]. After consideration of these recommendations, public comment, and presented new evidence, the Food and Drug Administration published its preliminary safe and effective ingredient listing [Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the counter human use: tentative final monograph. Federal Register 1986; 51 (83): 16138–16149]. At this time, only three ingredients fulfill both requirements: attapulgite, polycarbophil, and loperamide. The Food and Drug Administration's final decision (to be reported in a monograph) is still forthcoming. Upon publication of this monograph, only antidiarrheal products that contain ingredients in this listing will be allowed to be marketed.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Cold Expansion of Fastener Holes in Two Aluminum Alloys

A three-dimensional finite element analysis is developed for the cold expansion process in two aluminum alloys, 2024-T351 and 7050-T7451. The entire cold working process including hole expansion, elastic recovery, and finish reaming is simulated. Both isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening models are considered in the numerical calculations. The results suggest that a three-dimensional nature exists in the residual stress fields surrounding the hole. There are significant differences in residual stresses at different sections through the thickness. However, residual stress at the surface is shown to remain the same for the different plastic hardening models after the hole has recovered and finish reaming has been performed. The reaming of the material around the hole has slight effect on the maximum value and distribution of residual stresses. A comparison has been drawn between the FEA of average through thickness strain and a previous experimental investigation of strain that utilized neutron diffraction and modified Sachs boring on a 7050 aluminum specimen containing a cold expanded hole, The different methods show very good agreement in the magnitude of strain as well as the general trend. The conclusions obtained here are beneficial to the understanding of the phenomenon of fatigue crack initiation and growth at the perimeter of cold worked holes.
Which Approach is Better: Bilateral Versus Unilateral Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with Fragile X–Associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome

Fragile X–associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a relatively recently described condition that is frequently misdiagnosed as essential tremor and then occasionally treated as such with deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus (Vim). Reports of ataxia worsening after bilateral Vim DBS in FXTAS patients are conflicting, and only five FXTAS patients treated with Vim DBS for intractable tremor have been reported in the literature, three of whom having undergone a bilateral procedure. We report a patient who underwent a staged Vim DBS procedure, with excellent contralateral hand tremor control and no worsening of ataxia after the first procedure, but immediate worsening of his ataxia after the second one, arguing in favor of a unilateral surgical approach for intractable tremor in FXTAS.
Myocardial stunning in dogs: preconditioning effect and influence of coronary collateral flow.

Abstract In open-chest dogs the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery diagonal branch was encircled with a pneumatic occluder. Pairs of ultrasonic crystals were inserted into LAD myocardium and remote normal muscle. The coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. This occlusion-reperfusion cycle was repeated 12 times, and after a final 90-minute reperfusion period the hearts were removed and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. No heart had evidence of necrosis. Baseline shortening normalized for end-diastolic length averaged 10.4 ± 1.0% in the LAD area and 7.4 ± 0.8% in the remote normal myocardium. When analyzed as a percentage of baseline, segment shortening in the normal myocardium was not significantly altered by LAD occlusion and reperfusion. In contrast, during occlusions the LAD myocardium paradoxically lengthened. With the initial reperfusion, shortening was significantly depressed to 28.6 ± 8.6% of baseline. Although with subsequent reperfusions the return of function progressively decreased, the rate of deterioration was markedly attenuated after the first occlusion. By the end of the protocol many LAD segments lengthened paradoxically even after reperfusion, but in five hearts in which active contraction was preserved there was no significant change in regional function after the third cycle, suggesting a protective or preconditioning effect of earlier ischemia. There was a moderately good correlation between collateral blood flow and the degree of dysfunction following the initial 10-minute reperfusion ( r = −0.73). This correlation deteriorated during subsequent reperfusion periods, implying the collateral blood flow can be a predictor of the extent of myocardial stunning only after the initial one or two reperfusion cycles. Thereafter other as yet unidentified factors make baseline collateral flow unimportant.
New Components of a System for Phosphate Accumulation and Polyphosphate Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Revealed by Genomic Expression Analysis

The PHO regulatory pathway is involved in the acquisition of phosphate (Pi) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When extracellular Pi concentrations are low, several genes are transcriptionally induced by this pathway, which includes the Pho4 transcriptional activator, the Pho80-Pho85 cyclin-CDK pair, and the Pho81 CDK inhibitor. In an attempt to identify all the components regulated by this system, a whole-genome DNA microarray analysis was employed, and 22 PHO-regulated genes were identified. The promoter regions of 21 of these genes contained at least one copy of a sequence that matched the Pho4 recognition site. Eight of these genes, PHM1–PHM8, had no previously defined function in phosphate metabolism. The amino acid sequences of PHM1 (YFL004w), PHM2 (YPL019c), PHM3 (YJL012c), and PHM4 (YER072w) are 32–56% identical. The phm3 and phm4 single mutants and the phm1 phm2 double mutant were each severely deficient in accumulation of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and Pi. The phenotype of the phm5 mutant suggests that PHM5 (YDR452w) is essential for normal catabolism of polyP in the yeast vacuole. Taken together, the results reveal important new features of a genetic system that plays a critical role in Pi acquisition and polyP metabolism in yeast.
Interleukin-4 stimulates androgen-independent growth in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells

BACKGROUND Clinical data showed that the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) are significantly elevated in serum of patients with ablation resistant prostate cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that IL-4 enhances androgen receptor (AR) activation mediated by NF-κB in the absence or in the very low levels of androgen in prostate cancer cells. In this study, the role of IL-4 in promoting the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells was examined. METHODS LNCaP cells were transfected with a full-length IL-4 cDNA and stable clones expressing IL-4 were selected. The growth of LNCaP cells expressing IL-4 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo both in the presence and absence of androgen. RESULTS Overexpression of IL-4 enhances the growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells in culture media containing charcoal-stripped FBS condition (CS-FBC), and increases the sensitivity of LNCaP cells in response to androgen stimulation. The DHT-mediated cell growth could not be blocked by bicalutamide in IL-4 overexpressing LNCaP cells, but can be neutralized by bicalutamide in parental LNCaP and neo control cells. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-4 stimulates tumor growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells both in intact and castrated male mice. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of IL-4 increases the sensitivity of androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in response to androgen stimulation and enhances the growth of LNCaP cells both in the presence and absence of androgen in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that IL-4 plays an important role in promoting androgen-independent prostate cancer growth. Prostate 68: 85–91, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Limiting orbits around the equilateral centers of libration

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the limiting orbits at the equilateral centers of libration. The planar restricted problem of three bodies is presented by the Hamiltonian function. For all these mass ratios, the limiting orbits have exhibited nontrivial characteristic exponents of the stable type. This result is somewhat puzzling. It has been suggested that the limiting orbits could perhaps be identified with that doubly asymptotic periodic orbit, which is the homoclinic solution common to the two manifolds of asymptotic solutions generated at the unstable equilibrium point. The fact that the limiting orbits have characteristic exponents of the stable type makes it embarrassing to accept this conjecture. Once the existence of limiting periodic orbits has been established, one can face the second part of Browns hypothesis. Each limiting orbit for a fixed value of the mass ratio μ should be the head of two families of periodic librations and for the first family, the period would decrease together with the Jacobi constant, whereas for the second family, the period would increase together with the Jacobi constant.
Increases in cortical depth and glia numbers in rats subjected to enriched environment.

We have previously reported anatomical and chemical changes in the cerebral cortex of rats living in an enriched, stimulating environment. The present study includes additional histological measures such as more extensive depth measures, differential cell counts, and cell size measurements. Celloidin-embedded, thionin-stained sections of the visual cortex from environmentally enriched rats and their impoverished littermates were measured. Two methods for calculating cortical depths were used: one, with an ocular micrometer taking eight measures lateral to the elevation in the corpus callosum on each hemisphere; two, on enlarged photographs taking 51 measurements 2 mm apart on each hemisphere. With the ocular micrometer method the cortical depth of the enriched brains was 6.4% greater than the depth of the impoverished cortex. On the enlarged photographs the more medial depths in the enriched rats showed greater increases than the lateral depths. Overlapping photomicrographs were made of a medial cortical area 1.00 mm by 0.75 mm on each transverse section and were combined into one composite picture for each animal. Differential cell counts from the composite pictures were determined independently by two technicians. Results indicate a 14% (p<0.01) increase in glia among the enriched rats. No significant differences between enriched and impoverished groups were found in the perikarya and nuclear circumferences as measured with a planimeter from camera lucida drawings.
Capacity of multi-channel wireless networks with random (c, f) assignment

With the availability of multiple unlicensed spectral bands, and potential cost-based limitations on the capabilities of individual nodes, it is increasingly relevant to study the performance of multi-channel wireless networks with channel switching constraints. To this effect, some constraint models have been recently proposed, and connectivity and capacity results have been formulated for networks of randomly deployed single-interface nodes subject to these constraints. One of these constraint models is termed random (c, f) assignment, wherein each node is pre-assigned a random subset of f channels out of c (each having bandwidth Wc), and may only switch on these. Previous results for this model established bounds on network capacity, and proved that when c=O(logn), the per-flow capacity is O(W√prndnlogn) and Ω(W√fcnlogn) (where prnd = 1 - (1-fc)(1-fc-1)...(1-fc-f+1) ≥ 1-e-f2c). In this paper we present a lower bound construction that matches the previous upper bound. This establishes the capacity as Θ(W√prndnlogn). The surprising implication of this result is that when f=Ω(√c), random (c, f) assignment yields capacity of the same order as attainable via unconstrained switching. The routing/scheduling procedure used by us to achieve capacity requires synchronized route-construction for all flows in the network, leading to the open question of whether it is possible to achieve capacity using asynchronous procedures.
A New Phenomenon in the Supraconducting Transition of Tantalum and of Tin

THE transition from the supraconducting to the normal resisting state under certain conditions is found not to be continuous but to include a hitherto unsuspected spontaneous increase in resistance followed by a slower decrease. The spontaneous decrease in resistance usually proceeds for several minutes in a succession of steps, until only a fraction of its crest value remains. This crest value of the transient resistance is sometimes 75 per cent of the normal. After such an effect has occurred, it will not occur again when the same conditions are re-established, unless in the meantime the temperature has been lowered or else a time interval of at least half an hour has elapsed.
Geometric bases and topological equivalence

There are many algebraic and topological invariants associated to a singular point of a complex analytic function. The intent here is to discuss some of these invariants and the topological classification of singularities. Specifically, we establish that the topological type is determined by the Lefschetz vanishing cycles obtained by unfolding the singularity and certain local monodromy operators defined by Gabrielov. In Brieskorn's terminology singularities with the same geometric bases are topologically indistinguishable. Thus the higher invariants in the hierarchy of Brieskorn are necessary to understand the geometry of higher singularities. As a corollary to our main theorem, we obtain the result of Le-Ramanujam which states that the topological type is constant in a oneparameter family of singularities with constant Milnor number.
Computer-aided circuit layout and design

Automation of the design of electronic circuits in general is a challenging task. Work in the Electronics Engineering Department at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory is no exception—projects range from infrared telemetry and solid state devices to oscilloscopes, lasers, computers and nuclear instruments. Most of the design automation activity thus far can perhaps be more properly described as simply computer-aided or computeroriented design with the aim of letting the computer perform those tasks in which it exhibits some competence. Toward this goal, there are at present several large CAD programs which are in use at the Laboratory. Figure 1 provides a glimpse at some of those which are installed or are pending. Several of the analysis programs being used (POTTLE, CIRCUIT, PREDICT, SCEPTRE, etc.) are described and compared in (1). Supplementing these are versions of a program under development at the Laboratory that is intended primarily for the design and layout of printed circuits.This paper reviews some of the general features of the basic program, which is called PUZZLE by its originators and designers, Ronald Zane and Deanna Wilber, of the Laboratory in Berkeley (6), and covers some of the special problems and solutions which become evident in a time-shared remote console version of the program.
Evaluation of short term-high intensity thermal degradation of graphite fiber reinforced laminates via ultrasonic spectroscopy

In certain fire situations, a structural or load-bearing polymer matrix composite (PMC) may be exposed to excessive thermal loads that degrade the matrix. In this paper, we report the results of a study to assess the utility of ultrasonic spectroscopy as a means of assessing the residual physical and mechanical characteristics of PMCs exposed to excessive thermal loads. We show that the measured power spectra of ultrasonic energy correlates with performance of graphite fiber epoxy matrix composites exposed to thermal degradation. Unidirectional composites were exposed to short term-high intensity thermal loads at one end of the specimen. Thus, inducing a thermal gradient along the length of the specimen. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis - differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the aged specimens revealed a gradient in thermal degradation. The thermal loads induced substantial degradation of the composite. However, the amplitude of the power spectra is observed to increase gradually then sharply prior to its complete attenuation due to delaminations. Mode I fracture toughness tests correlate with the observed changes in the ultrasonic spectra. FTIR, TGA/ DSC, fracture toughness, and ultrasonic spectral analysis all indicate the same critical temperature at which thermally induced damage sharply increased.
Some exact optimal designs for linear covariance functions in one dimension

In the recent literature on computer experiments one of the problems considered is the choice of an appropriate design. For this purpose several algorithms have been proposed, but no explicit expressions are available. In the present paper we investigate linear covariance functions in one dimension, and show how exact optimal designs can be found for several design criteria. Linear in this context means that the obtained predictive function interpolates the observations linearly. Even though the results may not be of great practical importance, they should provide guidance for further work. An interpretation of the results according to the different distributional assumptions is given.
Cholecystokinin and morphine pharmacological intervention during 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy: A rational approach

Pharmacological intervention with either cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) or morphine during 99m Tc- hepatoiminodiacetic acid (HIDA) cholescintigraphy is required primarily for the assessment of the diseases affecting the gallbladder, the common bile duct, or the sphincter of Oddi. For imaging, the patient should be prepared by an overnight fast, or with 4 hours of minimum fast. Pre-emptying with CCK-8 is probably undesirable and should either be avoided or one should wait for at least 4 hours after CCK-8 to begin the 99m Tc-HIDA study to achieve higher specificity of the test for acute cholecystitis. When the gallbladder is not observed by 60 mins in a clinical setting of acute cholecystitis, a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of morphine is administered intravenously and imaging continued for an additional 30 mins. Nonvisualization of the gallbladder by 90 mins with morphine in an appropriate clinical setting is diagnostic for acute cholecystitis. When the gallbladder is not observed by 60 min but is seen with morphine administered after 60 mins, a positive diagnosis of abnormal gallbladder function can be made. When the gallbladder is observed in a clinical setting of biliary pain or chronic calculous or acalculous cholecystitis, CCK-8 at a dose rate of 3.3 ng/kg/min is infused intravenously for 3 mins (10 ng/kg/3 min) for the measurement of the ejection fraction. An ejection fraction value of less than 35% is indicative of calculous or acalculous chronic cholecystitis. The gallbladder emptying is directly related to the total number of cholecystokinin receptors in the smooth muscle. The ejection fraction can be controlled to any desired level simply by controlling the dose rate or the duration of infusion of CCK-8. Morphine and other opiate metabolites circulate for many hours in blood and act on the sphincter of Oddi and decrease the gallbladder ejection fraction. Careful drug history, especially that of opiates, is very critical in all subjects with a low ejection fraction before assigning an abnormality to the gallbladder motor function.
Computational methods for transcriptome annotation and quantification using RNA-seq

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) promises a comprehensive picture of the transcriptome, allowing for the complete annotation and quantification of all genes and their isoforms across samples. Realizing this promise requires increasingly complex computational methods. These computational challenges fall into three main categories: (i) read mapping, (ii) transcriptome reconstruction and (iii) expression quantification. Here we explain the major conceptual and practical challenges, and the general classes of solutions for each category. Finally, we highlight the interdependence between these categories and discuss the benefits for different biological applications.
Methylation of basic residues in structural proteins

Abstract Methylated residues of basic amino acids have now been detected in acid hydrolysates of ribosomal proteins from eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. These methylated residues have also been detected in specific positions within a number of unique structural proteins from a variety of cell organelles. The metabolism of these residues should prove useful in the evaluation of Orgel's error theory of aging.
Advances in molecular genetics

The three known mechanisms of cellular transformation and oncogenesis include mutations in proto-oncogenes, inactivation of both copies of a tumor suppressor gene, and defects in DNA mismatch repair genes. Examples of each are included to substantiate the importance of understanding these mechanisms. RET is a proto-oncogene that is fundamental to the pathogenesis, and in the current era, molecular diagnosis of MEN 2 syndromes. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. CDKN2 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in pancreatic cancers and is associated with a poorer prognosis and the development of melanoma. MSH2 is a mismatch repair gene that is important in the pathogenesis of HNPCC and Muir-Torre syndrome. Altered gene function such as loss of DCC in colon cancers may affect cell adhesion properties and promote metastases. As we begin to better define and understand the mechanisms of neoplasia, we will be able to improve current diagnosis and treatment.
The synthesis and characterization of crystalline phosphates of thorium, uranium and neptunium

Abstract The high temperature synthesis and stability of phosphates of thorium, uranium and neptunium have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses. For these actinides, the only orthophosphate An3(PO4)4 (An ≡ actinide) that could be prepared was thorium orthophosphate. The high temperature (α, cubic) forms of all three metal pyrophosphates were synthesized. For the oxypyrophosphate compounds (AnO)2P2O7, only the thorium compound was not obtained and (NpO)2P2O7 is reported here for the first time. The results of these studies are discussed and compared with published data on actinide phosphates.
Damping and Stiffness of Particulate SiC-InSn Composite

Metal matrix composites of silicon carbide particles in indium-tin alloy were fabricated with the aim of achieving a high value of the product of stiffness and viscoelastic damping tan � , without excess density. Stiffness and viscoelastic damping were measured over a wide range of frequency. For monodisperse 40% by volume SiC, and for hierarchical 60% by volume SiC the composite damping increased compared with the matrix at frequencies above 100 Hz. Composite shear modulus was almost a factor two greater than matrix for 40% and a factor of four greater than that of matrix for 60%. The product of stiffness and damping exceedsthat of well-known materialsincluding polymer damping layers . Hashin-Shtrikman analysis modelled the observed stiffness increase. The damping increase at higher frequency cannot be accounted for by a purely mechanical composite model; it is attributed to thermoelastic coupling and an increase in matrix dislocations during fabrication.
The Current Practice of Organization Development within the Firm: A Survey of Large Industrial Corporations

The 500 largest industrial firms in the United States were surveyed with regard to their internal organization development (OD) activities. Usable data were obtained from 110 of these organizations, including 61 of the largest 200 firms. Survey results are presented and implications of these results are discussed.
On Toda's fibrations

In 1956 Toda [5] introduced two fibrations localized at p > 2:where is a subcomplex of the James construction . The construction of H′ was somewhat difficult and was discussed by Moore (see [3]). Moore's definition however is not natural (in the sense of Theorem 1 (b) below). It is our purpose to give another definition, closer to Toda's original definition, which is natural, is an H map* and behaves well with respect to the Dyer-Lashof map λ: BΣp → Q(So). We use this to settle an unanswered question in [2].
Abstract B51: SOCS3 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes prostate tumor development

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway, and have been implicated as functioning as tumor suppressors, particularly SOCS3. We have previously demonstrated that specific deletion of SOCS3 in myeloid cells leads to heightened activation of STAT3 and downstream STAT3 target gene expression. STAT3 activation has been strongly implicated in contributing to prostate cancer progression and metastasis. STAT3 signaling in myeloid cells has been demonstrated to attenuate anti-tumor immunity. Thus, we evaluated the impact of SOCS3 deletion in myeloid cells in a murine prostate tumor model. We demonstrate that prostate tumor growth is significantly enhanced in myeloid-specific SOCS3-deficient mice, which correlates with elevated levels of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in both the spleen and tumor microenvironment, and less CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumors. Furthermore, SOCS3-deficient bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells exhibit heightened STAT3 activation and are preferentially differentiate into MDSC phenotype. Importantly, we identify granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a critical factor secreted by the prostate tumor microenvironment that promotes development of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells via a STAT3-depentent pathway. Abrogation of tumor-derived G-CSF reduced the proliferation and accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells and inhibited prostate tumor growth. Therefore, the tumor-derived cytokine, G-CSF, is a prospective candidate upstream of the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in MDSC differentiation from the bone marrow. These findings highlight the critical function of SOCS3 as a negative regulator of MDSC development and function, which may contribute to tumor suppressor attributer of SOCS3. Citation Format: Hao Yu, Hongwei Qin. Socs3 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes prostate tumor development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1068. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1068
Catalytic acid-base groups in yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. 2. Insights into the specific roles of D28 and E477 from the rates and stereospecificity of formation of carboligase side products.

Yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (YPDC), in addition to forming its metabolic product acetaldehyde, can also carry out carboligase reactions in which the central enamine intermediate reacts with acetaldehyde or pyruvate (instead of the usual proton electrophile), resulting in the formation of acetoin and acetolactate, respectively (typically, 1% of the total reaction). Due to the common mechanism shared by the acetaldehyde-forming and carboligase reactions through decarboxylation, a detailed analysis of the rates and stereochemistry of the carboligase products formed by the E477Q, D28A, and D28N active center YPDC variants was undertaken. While substitution at either position led to an approximately 2−3 orders of magnitude lower catalytic efficiency in acetaldehyde formation, the rate of acetoin formation by the E477Q and D28N variants was higher than that by wild-type enzyme. Comparison of the steady-state data for acetaldehyde and acetoin formation revealed that the rate-limiting step for acetaldehyde forma...
A note on privileges in a queue-rationed CPE with black markets

Abstract In a centrally planned economy with fixed prices, rationing by waiting in queues, black markets, and different waiting times for each agent, existence of an equilibrium is demonstrated. Also, welfare characteristics of equilibrium allocations are discussed. Non-uniform waiting times decrease the allocative efficiency of black markets and may lead to Pareto-inferior (in a compensated sense) equilibria compared to a model with uniform waiting times.
Soft matter: Spots and stripes.

Cation binding is shown to trigger mesoscale domain formation within assembled mixtures of neutral and anionic polymer amphiphiles. The spotted and striped particles could be used for drug delivery or biomedical sensing.