cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of electrical and thermal energy systems for commercial buildings

Background, Aim and Scope The objective of this life cycle assessment (LCA) study is to develop LCA models for energy systems in order to assess the potential environmental impacts that might result from meeting energy demands in buildings. The scope of the study includes LCA models of the average electricity generation mix in the USA, a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system; a microturbine (MT) cogeneration system; an internal combustion engine (ICE) cogeneration system; and a gas boiler.
Prospective screening in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer.

Background Approximately 8% of nonmedullary thyroid cancers are familial. The optimal age for screening in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is unknown. Methods Kindreds with FNMTC (2 or more first-degree relatives affected) were screened prospectively with thyroid ultrasonography. Results Fifteen kindreds showed an overall prevalence of thyroid nodule(s) ≥5 mm of 44% at screening; 19% in the second generation, and 90% in the generation anterior to the index case. The youngest age of detection was 10 years for thyroid nodules and 18 years for thyroid cancer. Microcalcification of thyroid nodules at screening was associated with a greater risk of cancer (P Conclusion In FNMTC, first-degree relatives 10 years or older, including the generation anterior to the index case, should have thyroid screening by ultrasonography, which may result in earlier diagnosis.
High pressure-temperature electrical conductivity of magnesiowustite as a function of iron oxide concentration

The electrical conductivity of (Mg, Fe)O magnesiowustite containing 9 and 27.5 mol pct FeO has been measured at simultaneously high pressures (30-32 GPa) and temperatures using a diamond anvil cell heated with a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser and an external resistance heater. The conductivity depends strongly on the FeO concentration at both ambient and high pressures. At the pressures and temperatures of about 30 GPa and 2000 K, conditions expected in the lower mantle, the magnesiowustite containing 27.5 percent FeO is 3 orders of magnitude more conductive than that containing 9 percent FeO. The activation energy of magnesiowustite decreases with increasing iron concentration from 0.38 (+ or - 0.09) eV at 9 percent FeO to 0.29 (+ or - 0.05) eV at 27.5 percent FeO.
Antibody class switching: uncoupling S region accessibility from transcription

Immunogloblin class switch recombination (CSR) is a regulated process that changes antibody effector functions. Recently, Nambu et al. showed that histone acetylation is induced at switch (S) regions undergoing CSR; however, histone acetylation without accompanying S region transcription is insufficient to attract activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is required for CSR. They also show that AID can associate with RNA polymerase II. These results support the model that germline transcripts are required to form single-stranded DNA, the AID substrate and further suggest that AID is recruited to S regions by the transcriptional machinery.
Electron radiation damage in gallium arsenide solar cells

High efficiency liquid phase epitaxy GaAs solar cells and space quality single-crystal silicon solar cells were irradiated with high energy electrons at 0.7, 1.0, 2.0 and 10 MeV to a total fluence of 4 × 1015 electrons cm−2. Photovoltaic characteristics were measured at incremental fluence levels, and finally the power output and the critical fluence were calculated as a function of electron energy. The ratio of the critical fluence in GaAs cells to the critical fluence in silicon back-surface reflecting cells varied from 2 to 30, depending on the electron energy. A calculation was made of the comparative power degradation of solar cells in a 20 370 km circular orbit for 5 years, indicating that the power loss in GaAs cells is only 4%, while silicon back-surface field cells degrade 12% in maximum power.
Genetic control of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: the effects of abnormal cytoplasmic microtubule populations in mutant ms(3)10R and its colcemid-induced phenocopy.

Spermiogenesis has been examined in an autosomal male-sterile mutant (ms(3)10R) of Drosophila melanogaster and in a phenocopy induced by Colcemid. Nuclei in mutant spermatids always show condensation of chromatin but usually do not elongate. The normal sheath of cytoplasmic microtubules attached to the nuclear envelope is lacking in these nonelongate nuclei. Infrequently, mutant nuclei are seen in which an incomplete population of cytoplasmic microtubules surrounds the nucleus, and these nuclei show more nearly normal morphology. Axonemal complexes in mutant spermatids elongate, and tails have numerous, but somewhat disorganized, cytoplasmic microtubule populations. Treatment of wild-type flies with Colcemid removes almost all the cytoplasmic microtubules. The chromatin of differentiating sperm nuclei in Colcemid-treated testes condenses, but the sperm do not elongate. These nuclei are phenocopies of the most commonly found nuclei in the testes of mutant flies. In Colcemid-treated individuals, the axonemal complexes do not elongate beyond the length attained by normal primary spermatocytes. We conclude that normal differentiation, particularly modeling of the sperm head, requires the presence of a normal population of cytoplasmic microtubules.
The utility of a novel triple marker (combination of TTF1, napsin A, and p40) in the subclassification of non-small cell lung cancer.

In lung cancer, targeted therapies depend on accurate histological subclassification of the tumor. The majority of lung cancers can be subclassified based on hematoxylin and eosin staining; however, classification may be difficult in small biopsies. In this study, we investigated the utility of a newly developed triple marker (combination of TTF1/Napsin A/p40) and compared the sensitivity and specificity of this novel marker with individual markers in the subclassification of non–small cell lung carcinomas. Lung cancer tissue microarrays were constructed using surgical resection material from the Johns Hopkins Hospital. They included 77 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 77 squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs), and 46 cases of metastatic lung ADCs. Immunostaining patterns of all markers were scored semi-quantitatively and compared. In ADCs, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker were 93.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TTF1 and Napsin A were 85.7% and 75.0%, and 89.6% and 90.0%. In SqCCs, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker were 88.3% and 92.5%, while the p40, p63 and CK5/6 showed 80.5% and 90.0%; 93.5% and 80.0%; and 89.6% and 80.0%. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker in metastatic ADCs showed 71.7% and 73.5%, respectively. Our triple marker (combination of TTF1/Napsin A/p40) showed a similar sensitivity and specificity for the subclassification of NSCLC when compared to individual markers. Our study not only demonstrates a useful combination of immunomarkers but also optimally conserves tissue for molecular marker testing.
Conceptions of Efficiency: Applications in Learning and Problem Solving

The purpose of this article is to clarify conceptions, definitions, and applications of learning and problem-solving efficiency. Conceptions of efficiency vary within the field of educational psychology, and there is little consensus as to how to define, measure, and interpret the efficiency construct. We compare three diverse models that differ in computation (i.e., how efficiency scores are calculated), measurement (i.e., what variables are used to calculate an efficiency score), and application (i.e., under what research and instructional contexts each model should be used). Strengths and weaknesses of each model are discussed. The article provides a definition of the underlying construct assessed by each model and considers the most plausible interpretation of each type of efficiency score. Recommendations are provided for using these conceptions in future research, and especially the use of multiple measures in the same study.
Introducing a 2-His-1-Glu nonheme iron center into myoglobin confers nitric oxide reductase activity.

A conserved 2-His-1-Glu metal center, as found in natural nonheme iron-containing enzymes, was engineered into sperm whale myoglobin by replacing Leu29 and Phe43 with Glu and His, respectively (swMb L29E, F43H, H64, called FeBMb(-His)). A high resolution (1.65 A) crystal structure of Cu(II)-CN−-FeBMb(-His) was determined, demonstrating that the unique 2-His-1-Glu metal center was successfully created within swMb. The FeBMb(-His) can bind Cu, Fe, or Zn ions, with both Cu(I)-FeBMb(-His) and Fe(II)-FeBMb(-His) exhibiting nitric oxide reductase (NOR) activities. Cu dependent NOR activity was significantly higher than that of Fe in the same metal binding site. EPR studies showed that the reduction of NO to N2O catalyzed by these two enzymes resulted in different intermediates; a five-coordinate heme-NO species was observed for Cu(I)-FeBMb(-His) due to the cleavage of the proximal heme Fe-His bond, while Fe(II)-FeBMb(-His) remained six-coordinate. Therefore, both the metal ligand, Glu29, and the metal itself, C...
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND ITS COMPOSITION: 1950–77

Structural relationships estimated from data obtained in a benchmark study of the expenditures and prices of 16 countries are used to develop a table of real gross domestic product and shares of gross domestic product devoted to private and public consumption and investment for each of over 100 countries in the years 1950 and 1960 through 1977. Price level estimates for total product and the three components are also provided.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Developing new oral targeted therapies for RA can be challenging.

The positive results of the phase II programme of fostamatinib, developed to target the spleen tyrosine kinase pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have not been replicated in phase III. What implications might the results have for the development of other oral inhibitors of intracellular kinases in the treatment of RA?
Conditions for the insensitivity of the Bayesian posterior distribution to the choice of prior distribution

Abstract We present four theorems that establish conditions under which the Bayesian posterior distribution is insensitive to the choice of prior distribution. Both finite-sample and asymptotic results are included.
Quantum leap forward in the management of cardiac trauma: The pioneering work of Dwight E. Harken

Abstract Doctor Dwight E. Harken made numerous contributions to the field of cardiac surgery, and in particular the management of cardiac missiles. A few highlights are reviewed.
G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor Regulates Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

The role of 17b-estradiol (E2) in breast cancer development and tumor growth has traditionally been attributed exclusively to the activation of estrogen receptor-a (ERa). Although targeted inhibition of ERa is a successful approach for patients with ERa þ breast cancer, many patients fail to respond or become resistant to anti-estrogen therapy. The discovery of the G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) suggested an additional mechanism through which E2 could exert its effects in breast cancer. Studies have demonstrated clinical correlations between GPERexpressioninhumanbreasttumorspecimensandincreasedtumorsize,distantmetastasis,andrecurrence,as well as established a proliferative role for GPER in vitro; however, direct in vivo evidence has been lacking. To this end, a GPER-null mutation [GPER knockout (KO)] was introduced, through interbreeding, into a widely used transgenic mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis [MMTV-PyMT (PyMT)]. Early tumor development, assessed by the extent of hyperplasia and proliferation, was not different between GPER wild-type/PyMT (WT/PyMT) and those mice harboring the GPER-null mutation (KO/PyMT). However, by 12 to 13 weeks of age, tumors from KO/PyMT mice were smaller with decreased proliferation compared with those from WT/ PyMT mice. Furthermore, tumors from the KO/PyMT mice were of histologically lower grade compared with tumors from their WT counterparts, suggesting less aggressive tumorsin the KO/PyMT mice. Finally, KO/PyMT micedisplayeddramaticallyfewerlungmetastases comparedwithWT/PyMTmice.Combined,thesedataprovide the first in vivo evidence that GPER plays a critical role in breast tumor growth and distant metastasis. Implications:Thisisthe firstdescriptionofaroleforthenovelestrogenreceptorGPERinbreasttumorigenesisand metastasis,demonstrating that it represents a new target in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1–11. � 2014 AACR.
Echoes in collision-free plasmas

Abstract It is shown that temporal echoes can occur in collision-free plasmas at various times for different wave number combinations and that spatial echoes can occur at various positions for different frequency combinations.
Aspects of strain history in folded sediments from the Schefferville Mining District, Labrador Trough, Canada

Abstract Preferred orientations of phyllosilicate grains in the shaley rocks of the Labrador Trough were studied using a pole-figure goniometer. Transmitted X-rays permit determination of the basal planes of chlorite and muscovite. From their preferred orientation, strain is calculated according to March's theory. By choosing samples in successively more strongly deformed domains, a strain history can be recognized which started with compaction by loss of pore volume under an overburden and was later followed by an early homogeneous tectonic shortening parallel to bedding and at a right angle to the fold axis. Buckling occurred next, with strain in the limbs becoming different from that in the hinges; the limbs were lengthened parallel to bedding and nearly normal to the fold axis. Continuing appression, finally, led to pervasive shortening normal to the axial plane with concurrent stretching both updip along the axial plane and along the fold axis. This latter stretching may have occurred when variable-plunge basin and dome structures of the Labrador Trough were formed.
Variable-wavelength on-column fluorescence detector for open-tubular zone electrophoresis

Abstract A variable-wavelength on-column fluorescence detector employing a double monochromator has been developed. This detector is well suited for use with both open-tubular capillary electrophoresis and open-tubular liquid chromatography. Electrophoretically determined detection limits range from 4.6 pg for doubly labeled dansyl-lysine to 91 p for bovine pancreatic trypsinogen. Detector linearity is demonstrated over 3 orders of magnitude for lysozyme, and 3.5 orders of magnitude for dansyl-leucine.
MAGNITUDE OF NEGATIVE TRANSFER BY MYNA BIRDS ON A SPATIAL SDR TASK AS A FUNCTION OF STRINGENCY OF REVERSAL CRITERION

Summary.-Spatial SDR data were obtained from two groups of Mynas (ns = 6, 2) under different levels of stringency of reversal criterion. The more stringent criterion heightened negative transfer but accelerated subsequent rate of error reduction. One of the most promising of methodologies that has emerged in the comparative analysis of vertebrate learning and one that has been most successful in the isolation of inter-species performance differences is successive discrimination reversal (SDR). A number of studies have shown important inter-class and intra-class SDR performance differences that are meaningfully related to phyletic, taxonomical status (Bitterman, 1965; Gossetce, 1966). One major source of inter-species differences arising from this methodology is attributable to variation in magnitude of negative transfer which results from the inconstancy of prevailing reinforcement contingencies characteristic of SDR (Gossette, 1969). Consequently, an important goal in the analysis of SDR phenomena is the determination of those variables which control magnitude of negative transfer. Gonzalez, et al. (1966) have demonstrated that increasing the number of trials per reversal or alternately, increasing the stringency of the criterion for reversal, results in increased negative transfer for pigeons and Japanese quail. In addition, correlated with increased negative transfer was a subsequent accelerated rate of decline in errors. The task employed required a visual discrimination and iitilized a conventional pigeon key and feeder. However, a considerable amount of SDR data, for both birds and mammals, have been obtained with form-board apparatus, in which a block must be displaced to obtain a reward (Gossette, Gossette, & Riddell, 1966; Gossette & Slonim, 1969). To test for the generality of the effect of trials per reversal upon negative transfer across both classes of apparatus, the form-board spatial SDR performances of two groups of Mynas were compared under different levels of criterion stringency. Ss were two groups of Myna birds. The spatial SDR performance of one group of six birds has previously been described (Gossette, Gossette, & Inman, 1966). Reversal criterion, Criterion 2, was set at two or fewer errors in a given day's 20-trial session. A second group of two birds was subsequently given similar training on a spatial form-board SDR with a more stringent reversal criterion, Criterion 1, of two successive errorless 25-trial sessions. Mean total er
Particle flows to shape and voltage surface discontinuities in the electron sheath surrounding a high voltage solar array in LEO

This paper discusses the numerical modeling of electron flows from the sheath surrounding high positively biased objects in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) to regions of voltage or shape discontinuity on the biased surfaces. The sheath equations are derived from the Two-fluid, Warm Plasma Model. An equipotential corner and a plane containing strips of alternating voltage bias are treated in two dimensions. A self-consistent field solution of the sheath equations is outlined and is pursued through one cycle. The electron density field is determined by numerical solution of Poisson's equation for the electrostatic potential in the sheath using the NASCAP-LEO relation between electrostatic potential and charge density. Electron flows are calculated numerically from the electron continuity equation. Magnetic field effects are not treated.
Underinsurance and key health outcomes for children with special health care needs

OBJECTIVE. The objective was to examine the relationship between underinsurance and other core outcomes for children with special health care needs. METHODS. This study analyzed data from the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. Two alternative definitions of underinsurance, designated attitudinal and economic, were investigated. Logistic regression models in which the response variables were the child9s status for each of the target core outcomes and underinsurance status was a dichotomous predictor variable were created. In addition to underinsurance status, 10 other predictor variables were included in the model. RESULTS. Underinsurance is associated with the Maternal and Child Health Bureau core outcomes for children with special health care needs related to satisfaction with care and partnering with families in decision-making, access to a medical home, community-based service delivery that is easy to use, and access to services to make transitions to adulthood. In each case, children with special health care needs who were underinsured had significantly poorer outcomes than did children who were adequately insured. CONCLUSIONS. Although these results cannot clarify the cause of poorer outcomes, there are clear negative effects associated with the problem of underinsurance. Inadequate health care coverage for children with special health care needs may save dollars in the short-term but, if other outcomes are compromised, then children, their families, and society at large may pay a price in the longer term.
Transtracheal ventilation with oscillatory pressure for complete upper airway obstruction.

Another study documented that percutaneous transtracheal ventilation with a special 3.5-mm I.D. cannula was possible in experimental complete upper airway obstruction (CAO) using Ambu-assisted ventilation. The effects of ventilation during CAO by occlusion of the endotracheal tube was evaluated by use of a portable oscillatory pressure device (POPD) attached to a 10-g (I.D. 2.4 mm) angiocath catheter inserted through the tracheal wall. Eight pigs were anesthetized and ventilated with the POPD for 15 minutes after CAO with a mean peak airway pressure of 14 cm H2O and continuous positive airway pressure of 5-7 cm H2O, tidal volume below 100 ml, and a rate below 0.5 Hz. A Venturi delivered an FIO2 of 0.68-0.92. All eight showed markedly stable blood gases and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures). A similar trend was obtained in a separate group of four pigs ventilated with an Ambu bag for 30 minutes; however, the PO2 was lower. In the control group, asphyxia after CAO produced cardiorespiratory failure in every animal in less than 6 minutes. Low-frequency ventilation with a POPD for CAO ensures adequate gas exchange using a standard transtracheal catheter of only 2.4 mm I.D.
Adaptive control with asymptotic tracking performance and its application to an electro-hydraulic servo system

This paper presents a discrete-time adaptive controller, which incorporates internal model principle for asymptotic tracking performance of systems with parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. Global stability and tracking performance of the adaptive system are derived under conditions on the system's stabilizability and bounds of noise and unmodeled dynamics. It is shown that asymptotic tracking can be achieved while the unmodeled dynamics and disturbances exist. The adaptive algorithm is applied to an electrohydraulic servo system for periodic trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection. Experimental results based on an eighth-order adaptive system updated at 2560 Hz demonstrate the adaptive system's ability in high bandwidth tracking performance under effects of system variations and finite word length real-time computation.
Radiation proctopathy in the treatment of prostate cancer

Purpose: To compile and review data on radiation proctopathy in the treatment of prostate cancer with respect to epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment. Methods: Medical literature databases including PubMed and Medline were screened for pertinent reports, and critically analyzed for relevance in the scope of our purpose. Results: Rectal toxicity as a complication of radiotherapy has received attention over the past decade, especially with the advent of dose-escalation in prostate cancer treatment. A number of clinical criteria help to define acute and chronic radiation proctopathy, but lack of a unified grading scale makes comparing studies difficult. A variety of risk factors, related to either radiation delivery or patient, are the subject of intense study. Also, a variety of treatment options, including medical therapy, endoscopic treatments, and surgery have shown varied results, but a lack of large randomized trials evaluating their efficacy prevents forming concrete recommendations. Conclusion: Radiation proctopathy should be an important consideration for the clinician in the treatment of prostate cancer especially with dose escalation. With further study of possible risk factors, the advent of a standardized grading scale, and more randomized trials to evaluate treatments, patients and physicians will be better armed to make appropriate management decisions.
Constitutional and Acquired Autosomal Aneuploidy

Chromosomal imbalances can result from numerical or structural anomalies. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities are often referred to as aneuploid conditions. This article focuses on the occurrence of constitutional and acquired autosomal aneuploidy in humans. Topics covered include frequency, mosaicism, phenotypic findings, and etiology. The article concludes with a consideration of anticipated advances that might allow for the development of screening tests and/or lead to improvements in our understanding and management of the role that aneuploidy plays in the aging process and acquisition of age-related and constitutional conditions.
Mobile projectors and optical communication

Micro and Pico portable projectors are still in development phase. Excellent review at http://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10789401. So called pocket projectors, e.g. from Mitsubishi Electric, are already available.We will look at research in mobile projectors and the interaction with real world. Then we will explore the opportunities in optical communication with projectors.
Impact of a student leadership development program.

To the Editor. The recent article by Renae Chesnut and JenniferTran-Johnson considered the effectiveness of a year-long, academic, co-curricular Student Leadership Development Series (SLDS) in fostering leadership skills in pharmacy students. The program provided an interactive experience where students participated in discussions and activities designed to enhance their knowledge of leadership concepts and strategies. According to the program’s evaluations, overall students found the program to be successful in preparing them for future leadership roles. Although one of the goals of the program was to allow students the opportunity to apply their knowledge and skills, it was disappointing that there was no quantitative assessment for the implementation of ideas or an accounting of active participation in other outside programs and organizations requiring leadership during the academic year by SLDS participants. Many pharmacy students and local organizations are experiencing a problem with lack of participation and support witnessed by dwindling counts of active members. This issue directly stems back to leadership. Most student leaders lack the experience of implementing programs and ideas. This puts them at a great disadvantage when it comes to conquering the real life issues of vetting ideas, eliciting support, acquiring the necessary resources for projects, and following through with administrative processes for programming. This consistent lack of preparation translates to poor leadership performance and results in a decrease in number of events, as well as support for programs. Therefore, in a program designed to promote student leadership, it would be optimal to have not only objectives for creating goals and actions plans, but also to establish objectives for identifying problems and effecting change through the implementation of those action plans within existing organizations. This experience alone would not only lend to more robust discussions on the existing objectives involving obstacles to leadership, but also provide invaluable application opportunities to “practice the use of leadership principles to achieve a desired outcome.”1 Thereby, inculcating real life skills and techniques needed to effectively prepare students to prosper as future leaders.
Genome-wide scans for microalbuminuria in Mexican Americans: the San Antonio Family Heart Study.

Purpose: Microalbuminuria, defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 0.03 to 0.299 mg/mg, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several genetic epidemiological studies have established that microalbuminuria clusters in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Method: We estimated heritability of microalbuminuria and performed a genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions influencing urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in 486 Mexican Americans from 26 multiplex families. Results: Significant heritability was demonstrated for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (h2 = 24%, P < 0.003) after accounting for age, sex, body mass index, triglycerides, and hypertension. Genome scan revealed significant evidence of linkage of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio to a region on chromosome 20q12 (LOD score of 3.5, P < 0.001) near marker D20S481. This region also exhibited a LOD score of 2.8 with diabetes status as a covariate and 3.0 with hypertension status as a covariate suggesting that the effect of this locus on urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is largely independent of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Findings indicate that there is a gene or genes located on human chromosome 20q12 that may have functional relevance to albumin excretion in Mexican Americans. Identifying and understanding the role of the genes that determine albumin excretion would lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at high-risk individuals in whom intensive preventive measures may be most beneficial.
Multiple equilibria, coordination, and transitional growth

Abstract We study a small open economy with two sectors and two factors of production. In one of the sectors, external economies of scale are generated through the industry-level capital input. This leads to a divergence between private and social production possibility frontiers as well as to multiple equilibria. The equilibrium selection problem that arises is solved by agents who follow a simple trial-and-error learning rule. The growth path of the economy as agents learn lies below the production possibility frontier and may display cyclical transitional dynamics. We also show that coordination problems which may prevent the economy from attaining the “good” equilibrium may be alleviated by the temporary use of policy instruments that shape the allocation of resources.
Decomposition of the two-electron-atom eigenvalue problem.

Following Bhatia and Temkin [Rev. Mod. Phys. 36, 1050 (1964)] we decompose the Hamiltonian of a two-electron atom (or ion) with a fixed nucleus in terms of Euler angles, and thereby reduce the energy-eigenvalue problem to a set of coupled equations involving only three lengths, the distance of the electrons from each other and the distances from the nucleus. However, our equations differ from those of Bhatia and Temkin since we use a different expansion of the wave function. When the total orbital-angular-momentum quantum number [ital L] is zero or one our equations are the same as those derived by Hylleraas [Z. Phys. 48, 469 (1928)] and Breit [Phys. Rev. 35, 569 (1930)]. We give the transformation relating the generalized Hylleraas-Breit equations to the equations of Bhatia and Temkin. Our derivation is facilitated by a special factorization of one-particle angular-momentum operators.
Sympathetic-related neurons in the preoptic region of the rat identified by viral transneuronal labeling.

The viral transneuronal labeling method was used to localize sympathetic-related neurons in the preoptic region following pseudorabies virus (PRV) injections into either the superior cervical ganglion, stellate ganglion, celiac ganglion, or adrenal gland of rats. A general pattern of infection was detected. First, neuronal labeling was found in the medial preoptic area, medial preoptic nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, and lateral preoptic area, and then it spread to the anteroventral periventricular, anteroventral preoptic, and parastrial nuclei. Finally, the forebrain circumventricular organs: organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO) became infected. Neuropeptide-containing preoptic neurons were analyzed following PRV injections in the stellate ganglion. Some thyrotropin-releasing hormone and neurotensin neurons were labeled, but none of the calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing factor, galanin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, enkephalin, substance P, or tyrosine hydroxylase neurons were PRV infected. Two major sympathetic networks appear to be represented in the preoptic region. One is linked to the OVLT, SFO, and anteroventral third ventricular (AV3V) region, sites previously implicated in fluid and electrolyte balance as well as cardiovascular control. The other descending sympathetic pathway appears to target the medial preoptic nucleus as its key nodal point, receiving inputs from infralimbic cortex and limbic regions, such as the lateral septum, medial nucleus of the amygdala, subiculum, and amygdalohippocampal area, and then, projecting caudally to the hypothalamus and brainstem. This second sympathetic network may subserve affiliative, defensive and sexual behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 414:361–378, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus during reproduction of bacteriophage T2.

The multiplication of vegetative T2 bacteriophage in B/r bacteria has been followed by studying the lethal effects of decay of incorporated radiophosphorus P32 at various stages of the eclipse period. Experiment I. Non-radioactive B/r bacteria were infected with highly radioactive (i.e. P32-unstable) T2 and infection allowed to proceed at 37°C. for various numbers of minutes before freezing the infected cells and storing them in liquid nitrogen. The longer development had been allowed to proceed at 37°C. before freezing, the slower the inactivation of the frozen infective centers by P32 decay. Samples which were frozen after incubation for 9 minutes were completely stable. Experiment II. Radioactive B/r bacteria in radioactive growth medium were infected with non-radioactive (i.e. stable) T2 and incubated for various lengths of time before being frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, like those of Experiment I. In this case, the infective centers were stable to P32 decay as long as they were frozen before the end of the eclipse period. The T2 progeny phages issuing from the infected bacteria were P32-unstable. Experiment III. Radioactive B/r bacteria in radioactive medium were infected with radioactive (i.e. P32-unstable) T2 and otherwise incubated and frozen like those of the first two experiments. In this case, the same progressive stabilization, of the infective centers towards inactivation by P32 decay was observed as that found in Experiment I. The ability to yield infective progeny of infected bacteria incubated for 10 minutes at 37°C. before freezing could no longer be destroyed by P32 decay. The progeny issuing from the infected cells were as unstable as the parental phage. These results could be explained by one of three general hypotheses. As vegetative phage begins to multiply, it is possible that: (a) there is a high probability that any part of the vegetative phage already duplicated can be saved after its destruction by P32 decay through a process analogous to multiplicity reactivation or, (b) there occurs a change in state of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preliminary to or in the course of its replication that renders it refractory to destruction by P32 decay, or, finally (c) there occurs a transfer of the genetic factors from the DNA of the infecting phage to another substance not sensitive to destruction by P32 decay.
Patient attitudes and clinical judgment as related to patients' course in hospital.

Abstract Twenty-seven patients were followed closely to determine their treatment and response in a psychiatric hospital. Attitudes toward hospitalization were sampled at admission. Only inconsistent support was gained for the socio-psychological theory that social class phenomena, including attitudes, are directly related to the patient's course in the hospital. Only when symptomatology and clinical judgment are examined as intervening variables are the findings consonant with social class related findings. Caution is urged in interpreting either intrapsychic or social variables as responsible for a patient's course until the relationships among them are clarified.
On the fate of old stored carbon after large-infrequent disturbances in plants.

Plants have the capacity to store and reallocate stored non-structural C, but little is known about the age and ecological roles of these pools. It was thought that plants allocate recently assimilated C to produce new fine roots. However, there is recent evidence that plants can allocate old stored C for the production of fine roots following a large-infrequent disturbance (LID) providing a new dimension of the fate and the implied role of stored C in plants. Here, I explore other possible adaptations of plants to allocate stored C reserves, and provide a series of open questions on the fate of old stored C in plants. Specifically, I propose that another metabolic function of old stored C may be for supporting mycorrhizal fungi colonization after a large- infrequent disturbance, because the production of hyphae may be more economical in terms of C to the plant under stressful conditions. Finally, in order to better understand plant resilience to LIDs it is critical to understand the mechanisms that regulate the fate of old stored C in plants.
Relationship of diagnostic, demographic, and personality variables to self-reported stimuli for chemical use

While extensive research has been conducted to determine internal and external stimuli for drinking by alcoholics, the topic of how demographic, diagnostic, and personality variables may relate to these precipitants is largely unexplored. This study suggests that stimuli to use alcohol or drugs differ partly as a function of diagnosis (alcohol dependence vs. concurrent alcohol and drug dependence). Age, education, and gender do not appear related to the stimuli in either diagnostic group. Personality characteristics of cognitive reflectiveness, impulse control, sociability, and intrapunitiveness, however, seem to be associated with certain classes of high risk stimuli.
Downstream Changes in Stream Power in the Henry Mountains, Utah

Total stream power does not necessarily increase systematically in the downstream direction because of the conflicting influences of channel slope, width, and depth. Historical records and field data for arroyo systems of the northern Henry Mountains, south-central Utah, show that total stream power decreased in the downstream direction during a deposition period before 1896 and increased downstream during an erosion period thereafter. When total stream power declined in the downstream direction, channels were small and meandering, and the ten-year flood exceeded channel capacity, resulting in overbank deposition of sediment. After an especially erosive flood in 1896, total stream power increased in the downstream direction because channels were in the bottoms of arroyos that confined discharges, resulting in channel erosion and through-put of sediment. In 1980 deposition was occurring in the headward portions of the continuous arroyo system and in the large master stream, but not in mid-basin areas. Channels in the arid and semi-arid Henry Mountains do not exhibit mutual adjustment between form and process. Rather, at times of catastrophic system-wide events, fluvial processes control channel forms, whereas at other times channel forms control fluvial processes. Comparison of historical and modern conditions shows that mutual adjustment is unlikely to occur in the discontinuous operation of semi-arid fluvial systems.
Multiphonon vibrational states in deformed nuclei

The $^{154}\mathrm{Gd}$ nucleus was studied by \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectroscopy following the (\ensuremath{\alpha},2n) reaction at an energy of 26 MeV. We identified the double-phonon K=${4}^{+}$ \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} vibrational band in this nucleus at 1645.8 keV. Also, we present the systematics of possible K=${4}^{+}$ double phonon vibrational bands in the deformed rare-earth region of nuclei.
Pharmacokinetics in the Child

Pharmacokinetic studies have made many significant contributions to rational therapeutics in children. Pharmacokinetic data have helped distinguish between differences in drug disposition and drug sensitivity in children as compared to adults and led to the establishment of age-specific dosage guidelines. Factors influencing the observed differences between drug disposition in children and adults are reviewed. Specific examples utilizing anticancer drugs are presented. The use of model substrates to study hepatic drug metabolism and renal excretion in children is described and some results are discussed. The significance of genetic polymorphic drug metabolism is presented and the use of model substrates to determine individual metabolic phenotypes is described. The use of pharmacokinetic data to define the maximum-tolerated systemic exposure rather than the maximum-tolerated dosage of anticancer drugs in children is presented.
Cell fate decisions and patterning in the vertebrate retina: the importance of timing, asymmetry, polarity and waves.

Abstract The differentiation of distinct cell populations in the retina is a multi-step process that involves cell cycle exit, migration, and dramatic changes of cell morphology. All these steps are tightly controlled by multiple regulatory pathways, which involve both cell-autonomous networks of transcription factors and cell–cell signaling events. Additional regulatory inputs into cell fate decisions have been recently suggested: accumulating evidence shows that the timing of cell cycle exit, the orientation of the mitotic spindle during the last cell division, and the polarity of neuronal progenitor cells could play important roles in cell fate determination.
Modeling of filamentary resistive memory by concentric cylinders with variable conductivity

We demonstrate a method for modeling memristors (resistive random access memories) where the filament is composed of a set of nanoscale or sub-nanoscale concentric cylinders, each having its own conductivity. This approach allows for the inclusion of multiple state variables, which, we show experimentally, can be used to control electrical behavior. The simulations accurately reproduce the current-voltage hysteresis loop as well as these more complex experimental behaviors resulting from intricate switching histories. The simulations can be both static and dynamic, and are based upon physical design parameters, so optimized values from simulation can be easily linked to device design.
INHIBITION OF CELL GROWTH IN THE G1 PHASE BY ADENOSINE 3',5'-CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE

Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into acid-precipitable material was used to measure the rate of DNA synthesis in secondary cultures of human diploid fibroblasts. Confluent cultures of human diploid fibroblasts, which are synchronized in the G1 phase due to contact inhibition, were released from growth inhibition either by the addition of fresh medium to the cultures or by trypsinization and replating at nonconfluent densities. Either treatment resulted in a synchronous wave of DNA synthesis beginning 10–15 h after treatment and peaking at 20–25 h. In confluent cultures stimulated by fresh medium, either the addition of 0.25 mM N6, O2-dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP) to the medium in the interval 4–8 h after stimulation or the replacement of the fresh medium in that same 4 h interval with the depleted medium present on the cells for the 2 day period before stimulation delayed the synchronous onset of DNA synthesis in the cultures by about 4 h. In nonconfluent cultures freshly seeded from trypsinized confluent cultures, this same depleted medium obtained after a 2 day incubation of fresh medium on confluent cultures is shown to support the progress of the cells into S phase; however, the addition of 0.25 mM db-cAMP to the medium 3½ h after replating still partially prevented the initiation of DNA synthesis in the cultures. The results are discussed in terms of the role of serum and cAMP in the control of cell growth in fibroblast cultures.
PARSING HEAD-DRIVEN PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR

The Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar project (HPSG) is an English language database query system under development at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. Unlike other product-oriented efforts in the natural language understanding field, the HPSG system was designed and implemented by linguists on the basis of recent theoretical developments. But, unlike other implementations of linguistic theories, this system is not a toy, as it deals with a variety of practical problems not covered in the theoretical literature. We believe that this makes the HPSG system unique in its combination of linguistic theory and practical application.The HPSG system differs from its predecessor GPSG, reported on at the 1982 ACL meeting (Gawron et al. ([1982]), in four significant respects: syntax, lexical representation, parsing, and semantics. The paper focuses on parsing issues, but also gives a synopsis of the underlying syntactic formalism.
Semiprimitivity of group algebras of locally finite groups. II

Let K be a field of characteristic p > 0, let G be a locally finite group, and let K[G] denote the group algebra of G over K. In this paper we study the Jacobson radical JK[G] when G has a finite subnormal series with factors which are either p’-groups, infinite simple, or generated by locally subnormal subgroups. For example, we show that if such a group G has no finite locally subnormal subgroup of order divisible by p, then JK[G] = 0. The argument here is a mixture of group ring and group theoretic techniques and requires that we deal more generally with twisted group algebras. Furthermore, the proof ultimately depends upon certain consequences of the classification of the finite simple groups. In particular, we use J.I. Hall’s classification of the locally finite finitary simple groups. This paper is a continuation of recent work in [8-lo]; it concerns group algebras K[G], where K is a field of characteristic p > 0 and where G is a locally finite group. Specifically, we show that if G has a particular global structure, then K[G] is semiprimitive, or equivalently that its Jacobson radical JK[G] is zero. Recall that a finite subgroup A of G is locally subnormal if A a a B for all finite subgroups B of G containing A. For example, if G is locally nilpotent, then every finite subgroup of G is locally subnormal. Furthermore, if G is an f.c. group, then G is generated by
Role of estrogen during prolonged estrous cycles of the rat on subsequent embryonic death or development.

Absorption of estrogen by an antiserum against estradiol (ASE) and replacement with diethylstilbestrol (DES) were used to study the role of the early preovulatory rise of estrogen during delayed ovulation on the subsequent increase in abnormal morphological development of the embryos. The study contained 4 treatment groups: 1) control; 2) pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal)induced delay of ovulation for 48 h; 3) delay of ovulation plus ASE treatment on the first 2 days of the estrous cycle; and 4) DES treatment during the first 2 days of the cycle in addition to treatment with ASE and delay of ovulation. The ASE used did not bind DES. Following mating, rats were killed at Day 4 (blastocyst stage) or Day 11 (midgestation) to assess development of embryos. A 48 h delay of ovulation, as reported previously, produced abnormal development and retarded growth of the embryos at both stages of development (P<0.05). Implantation rate was decreased, while embryonic death was increased (P<0.05). All of these detrimental effects were reversed by ASE, while DES reinitiated these events in ASE treated rats. The results suggest that the early rise or prolonged elevation of preovulatory levels of estrogen in relation to the time of ovulation is responsible for alterations in the oocyte and intrauterine environment which result in subsequent abnormal development and embryonic death following delayed ovulation.