cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mentoring in family businesses: Toward an understanding of commitment outcomes

Abstract Drawing from the mentoring and organizational commitment literatures, this paper addresses the relationship between mentoring and organizational commitment within the family business context. While there is a clear connection between mentoring and organizational commitment in the broader literature, the relationship takes on added complexity in family businesses. In this paper, we develop arguments and offer propositions suggesting that mentoring in family firms results in different commitment outcomes depending on the familial status of the members in the mentoring dyad. While mentoring is most often linked to affective commitment, our propositions extend theory by suggesting that the unique mentoring relationships present in family firms can foster normative and continuance commitment in many circumstances. Propositions regarding mentoring and the various facets of organizational commitment are presented. Implications for theory and human resource management are also discussed.
The Self Guides Conservation of Its Regulatory Resources

Self-regulation is a highly adaptive ability, allowing individuals to alter their responses based on their own and the group's goals, rules, norms, plans, and other standards. It has promoted the b...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Lymphomas in the Elderly

The process of aging is associated with structural and functional changes occurring in the living organism and often expressed in gradual deterioration and decline in performance. These impairments result in changes in host resistance and are perhaps the major factors in the emergence of neoplasia in those elderly who have survived the ravages of vascular diseases, accidents, and infection. The hematologic neoplasms are generally diseases of higher incidence with advancing age. These disorders are uncommon under the age of 40; although they do not represent a national health hazard, they are not rare. Malignant lymphomas have an incidence of 82 cases per million. The occurrence of the lymphomas and the ability of the host to deal with them as well as responses to therapy are all modified by advanced age and will be discussed in this chapter.
From Incident Laser Pulse to Residual Stress: A Complete and Self-Closed Model for Laser Shock Peening

Laser shock peening (LSP) is emerging as a competitive alternative technology to classical treatments to improve fatigue and corrosion properties of metals for a variety of important applications. LSP is often performed under a water confinement regime (WCR), which involves several complicated physical processes. A complete and self-closed LSP model is presented in this paper, which requires a sequential application of three sub models: a breakdown-plasma model, a confined-plasma model, and a finite element mechanics model. Simulation results are compared with experimental data in many aspects under a variety of typical LSP conditions, and good agreements are obtained.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Outbreak Control in the Nursery

A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreak is identified by an acutely increased amount of disease activity, usually either a cluster of distinct infections or an increase in colonization rates during active surveillance. Common risk factors include NICUs with overcrowding, understaffing, or decreased compliance with standard precautions including hand hygiene. Acute changes, such as construction or contamination of equipment, are also common causes of outbreaks. Preterm infants are at higher risk due to their immature immune systems and prolonged NICU stays, but any infant can be affected. Control measures are multifaceted and should occur in parallel. Outbreak prevention requires extending control measures out indefinitely and maintaining high compliance with NICU policy.
Arc Imaging Furnace Crystal Growth

The advantages of replacing the chemical flame of the original Verneuil method for refractory oxide crystal growth with imaged energy from a high-intensity carbon arc have been adequately pointed out elsewhere, e.g., by De La Rue and Halden (1). It is also possible to make changes in the manner in which the polycrystalline material is fed to the growing boule. Arc image crystal growth with the powder feed of the Verneuil technique leads to several problems. In the process of dropping through the image point of the furnace, the powder is not likely to melt completely, unless it is very finely divided. If some of the incompletely melted powder particles reach the liquid-solid interface at the edge of the melt, unwanted crystallites may be seeded. This puts certain restrictions on the shape of the liquid surface, which may not always be readily satisfied. Furthermore, finely divided powder is difficult to feed in a well-controlled manner, particularly in a glass chamber filled with gas, which is being rapidly heated in such a manner as to give rise to a certain degree of turbulence. For these reasons, floating zone techniques have been applied; in these techniques, the polycrystalline material is fed to the melt in rod form. There is then, another, perhaps less often stated, advantage of the imaging method: it lends itself to the use of floating zone methods.
A Fast-Response Resistance Thermometer System for Simultaneous Recording of Air Temperatures at a Number of Separated Points1

A resistance-thermometer system is described which permits simultaneous and continuous recording of air temperatures at a number of separated points. Unbalance current in a Wheatstone bridge network is used as the measure of temperature, and is recorded by a multichannel light-beam oscillograph. The lag coefficient of the system is approximately 0.1 second.
The Market for Performance Rights in Sound Recordings: Bargaining in the Shadow of Compulsory Licensing

The music business is, in some respects, more regulated than most other industries. For instance, most countries essentially impose a compulsory license on the owners of rights to sound recordings, requiring them to license the right to broadcast and publicly play their recordings to all who are willing to pay a standard rate. They cannot refuse to license; they cannot do exclusive deals; and, importantly, they cannot set their own prices. Instead, rates are set by courts, regulators, or legislatures rather than markets. This institutional arrangement is quite unusual. Society usually leaves price setting to the market for good reasons. Regulators and courts simply cannot set “correct” prices, as they have neither the access to information nor the capacity to process it that millions of market participants do collectively. Moreover, non-market pricing violates important non-economic values such as self-determination and autonomy. The imposition of remuneration-only rules has profoundly distorted the market for performance licenses for sound recordings. Drawing and applying new insights from the literature on Standard Essential Patents, this article explains the ways in which remuneration-only rules skew bargaining power in favor of licensees, suppress rates, ignore market conditions, and deprive consumers of choice and diversity in the market for music. It concludes with policy suggestions to ameliorate these distortions.
Ricopili Pipeline And Standards of GWAS Analyses

Abstract Background The PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) is an international group of researchers whose major aim is to maximize the utility of extant psychiatric GWAS through mega-analysis. In the recent years, these studies could contribute to many new associations of psychiatric phenotypes to genomic loci. Currently the PGC hosts up to 400 distinct GWAS datasets. Methods The Ricopili pipeline has been developed to facilitate quick and convenient high throughput analyses of hundreds of datasets, while leveraging highly parallelized computer environments like the LISA-cluster or Broad-cluster. It consists of mainly four modules: (1) Pre-Imputation Quality Control, (2) Imputation, (3) Principal Component Analysis, (4) Postimputation Association Analysis Results N/A (education day) Conclusions While presenting the four modules of the Ricopili Pipeline I will present experiences from analyzing a plethora of GWAS datasets from various sources. I will present on classic GWAS components like Quality Control, Imputation, Principal Component Analysis, Association Analysis, Polygenic Risk Scoring and more.
A Communication Architecture for Crowd Management in Emergency and Disruptive Scenarios

Crowd management aims to develop support infrastructures that can effectively manage crowds at any time. In emergency and disruptive scenarios this concept can minimize the risk to human life and to the infrastructure. We propose the Communication Architecture for Crowd Management (CACROM), which can support crowd management under emergency and disruptive scenarios. We identify, describe, and discuss the various components of the proposed architecture, and we briefly discuss open challenges in the design of crowd management systems for emergency and disruptive scenarios.
Is Eco-theologian Thomas Berry a Thomist?

I examine the views of the renowned Catholic environmentalist, Thomas Berry, C.P., by comparing them with those of Thomas Aquinas, an author Berry frequently references. I intend to show that while the two share a number of views in common (e.g., both hold that non-rational creatures have their own inherent goodness), ultimately the two diverge on many foundational issues, resulting in differing conclusions as to how we should regard and treat the environment. Aquinas upholds divine transcendence, whereas Berry regards the notion of divine transcendence to lead to the exploitation of creation and locates the divine in the universe itself. Berry accordingly thinks that we should revere all natural things, whereas Aquinas thinks we should revere God and creatures in God’s image. Aquinas maintains that the human soul is created by God and is in God’s image. He sees our rational soul as placing us above other natural things, and from it follows our responsibility to care for nature. Berry, to the contrary, sees this affirmation of discontinuity between humans and the rest of nature to be the root of our environmental woes, as providing a justification for human exploitation of nature. For Berry, humans have no special status, but are one member alongside others in the earth community. Rather than being created by God, “humans have nothing but what they receive from the universe.” By highlighting both the similarities and differences between these authors, I hope to contribute to the project of formulating a sound environmental ethics.
Adventure Cards, Process Wheels, and a Vision for Digital Storytelling: Learning from Leonardo

This work examines the phenomenon of the Living Lab Transaction and several user-engagement innovation tools developed to maximize meaningful interactions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university located in the northeastern region of the United States. Although much of the research at MIT is focused outwardly on solving universal challenges such as poverty, world hunger, and global economic issues, many students, scholars, and staff intentionally use the 168-acre campus—located within the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts—as a working laboratory in which to experiment with ideas, inventions, technologies, and new ways of thinking [In recent years, MIT has demonstrated a significant commitment to using the campus as a test bed (i.e., “living labs”), as evidenced in the launch of an Office of Sustainability that advances the educational mission of the institute (2013), in the Plan for Action on Climate Change (2015), in the creation of a new full-time appointment (i.e., the “Living Lab Design Manager”) with responsibilities for cultivating research that uses the campus as a test bed for innovation (2016), and in the Pathways to Sustainable Leadership document (Campus Sustainability Task Force, 2017)]. New tools such as the Process Wheels, the Learning Adventure Card user interface/database, and the Discover Living Lab Web App, which are based on the conceptual Urban Living Lab Learning Frameworks (UL3), are introduced as examples of customizable, shared resources that cultivate leadership, team building, and creative problem-solving skills. The tools address common challenges that can thwart agility for project teams; they are designed to facilitate deeper learning and new ways of seeing by weaving together knowledge from fields such as cognitive science, fine arts, developmental psychology, philosophy, organizational behavior, applied mathematics (game theory), and from popular culture.
Impact of Foveated Rendering on Procedural Task Training

Foveated rendering (FR) is a technique for virtual reality (VR) that adapts the image quality to the user’s eye fixation. The content within the user’s eye fixation appears in high quality, the peripheral area in lower quality. The technique exploits the fact that the eye, the retina, in particular, has its highest density of light-sensing cells in the center, the so-called fovea. All other areas are covered with less density. Eye tracking is essential for foveated rendering since one needs to be able to determine the user’s fixation. Although FR is a promising technique to reduce computer performance requirements, it is unclear whether it has an impact on the user’s task performance, primarily when one uses VR as a training tool. Theoretically, the technique is invisible. However, its implementation depends on several parameters and technical hardware limitations. We conducted a study to see whether or not these limitations distract the user and reduce his/her training performance. The results indicate that the user notices the technique. However, s/he does not care, and the performance difference is insignificant, except for some outliers caused by technical eye tracking limitations.
REAL-WORLD VERSUS CLINICAL TRIAL OUTCOMES FROM LVADS

Outcomes in heart failure clinical trials are generally better than those in the real-world. This may be due to stricter inclusion criteria. We compared patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in clinical trial patients and those in a real-world registry who received an axial flow left
Rapid design and implementation of an integrated patient self-triage and self-scheduling tool for COVID-19.

Author(s): Judson, Timothy J; Odisho, Anobel Y; Neinstein, Aaron B; Chao, Jessica; Williams, Aimee; Miller, Christopher; Moriarty, Tim; Gleason, Nathaniel; Intinarelli, Gina; Gonzales, Ralph | Abstract: ObjectiveTo rapidly deploy a digital patient-facing self-triage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsWe created a patient portal-based COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool and made it available to all primary care patients at the University of California, San Francisco Health, a large academic health system. Asymptomatic patients were asked about exposure history and were then provided relevant information. Symptomatic patients were triaged into 1 of 4 categories-emergent, urgent, nonurgent, or self-care-and then connected with the appropriate level of care via direct scheduling or telephone hotline.ResultsThis self-triage and self-scheduling tool was designed and implemented in under 2 weeks. During the first 16 days of use, it was completed 1129 times by 950 unique patients. Of completed sessions, 315 (28%) were by asymptomatic patients, and 814 (72%) were by symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patient triage dispositions were as follows: 193 emergent (24%), 193 urgent (24%), 99 nonurgent (12%), 329 self-care (40%). Sensitivity for detecting emergency-level care was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7-98.5%).DiscussionThis self-triage and self-scheduling tool has been widely used by patients and is being rapidly expanded to other populations and health systems. The tool has recommended emergency-level care with high sensitivity, and decreased triage time for patients with less severe illness. The data suggests it also prevents unnecessary triage messages, phone calls, and in-person visits.ConclusionPatient self-triage tools integrated into electronic health record systems have the potential to greatly improve triage efficiency and prevent unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of management systems on technical change: the adoption of pollution prevention techniques

A firm’s capability to innovate is influenced by its organizational structure. We examine the effect of Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) on the adoption of innovative pollution prevention activities over the period 1992–1996, and show that the rate of innovation increases following the adoption of TQEM. However, the effect of TQEM on pollution prevention innovation “wears out” over time. Our analysis indicates that this is likely because pollution prevention undertaken in one year continues to be effective in future years. This, in turn, reduces the incentives for further innovation due to declining marginal returns, rather than because the institutional effectiveness of TQEM weakens. We provide corroborative evidence based on the time profile of pollution prevention of firms that adopted TQEM prior to the start of our sample, and also develop a stylized model with (partial) obsolescence of pollution prevention innovations that matches the empirical regularities we obtain. Our findings shed light on the importance of organizational structure on the pace of technical change.
Full-Time Professors Versus Part-Time Professors: Whose Students Get Better Grades in Computer Literacy Courses? A Case Study

Higher education is increasingly becoming reliant on part-time, adjunct instructors. Some argue that adjunct instructors reduce the quality of student education, while others argue for the opposite. This study explores the data on final grades in a basic computer literacy course given by adjunct instructors compared with grades given by full-time professors at a small to medium public American University. The data show that students receive higher grades in courses taught by part-time professors. Possible reasons for these higher grades are discussed.
INSECTICIDE METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION

The metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo, of the chiral isomers of the phosphonodithioate insecticide fonofos was examined. The absolute configurations of the fonofos isomers and relevant oxidation products were established by x-ray diffraction analysis and chemical correlation. Oxidation of fonofos to the corresponding oxon in the presence of mouse liver mixed-function oxidase occurred predominantly with retention of configuration. The difference in toxicities of the fonofos enantiomers to insects and mammals is rationalized in terms of stereoselectivity in target site inhibition by the oxon, stereoselectivity in fonofos to fonofos oxon conversion and detoxication by other enzymes.
Effectiveness of E-Learning as Seen by Meeting Planners

This exploratory study evaluates meeting planners’ self-efficacy and self-reported behaviors concerning continuing education through online learning, specifically massive open online courses (MOOC’...
Reverence Towards Rank: How Adam Smith's Idea of Rank Impacts the Ostrom's Art of Association

This paper looks to Adam Smith’s analysis of an important behavioral quirk to further public choice research. Following Lin Ostrom’s advice to go beyond rationality, the goal is to illuminate how the behavioral quirk impacts political settings and institutional evolution. Under analysis will be Adam Smith’s emphasis upon the peculiar influence that rank plays in society. In political situations Smith sees the concept of rank as being important by helping to establish peace and order, but also as a threat to our ability to self-govern. Our ability to self-govern, our art of association, is entangled with political decisions via connections that are strongly influenced by our perceptions of rank. This paper looks back to Adam Smith to aid in the development of behavioral public choice by seeing his understanding of a certain reverence toward rank and how it impacts the Ostrom’s art of association.
A Dual-Frequency Single-Inductor Single-Output DC-DC Converter Topology with Spur-Free Switching for Security Applications

A spur-free dual-frequency single-inductor single-output (DF-SISO) buck converter is presented. Dual-frequency operation enables on-chip integration of the output capacitor, and spur-free control eliminates spurious noise inherent to the switching of the converter. As a result, the proposed topology is suitable for secured IoT devices as the output can’t be directly probed, and the spur-free operation prevents leakage of load information through emissions. The converter is designed in 0.18µm CMOS and uses a 10-µH off-chip inductor and a 20-nH on-chip output capacitor. It handles 2.7-5 V input voltage range, and produces a programmable output within 0.6-1.8 V.
Does Time to Pelvic Fixation Influence Outcomes in Trauma Patients

Background Pelvic fractures cause significant morbidity in the trauma population. Many factors influence time to fracture fixation. No previous study has determined the optimal time window for pelvic fixation. Methods A retrospective review of trauma patients with pelvic fractures from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Patients were stratified into EARLY and LATE groups, by time to fixation within 3 days or greater than 3 days whether from admission or from completion of a life-saving procedure. Unpaired Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were performed with multiple linear regression for variables with P Results 287 patients were identified with a median fixation time of 3 days. There was no significant difference in demographics, incidence of preceding life-saving procedure, angioembolization, or mechanism of injury in the 2 groups (P > .05). Length of stay in the EARLY group was significantly reduced at 11.9 +/- .7 days compared to 18.0 +/-1.2 days in the LATE group (P .05). There were significantly more SSIs (surgical site infections) in the LATE group. After multiple linear regression adjusting for covariates of age and ISS, the difference in hospital LOS was 5.5 days (95% CI -8.0 to -3.1, P Discussion Fixation of traumatic pelvic fractures within 3 days reduced LOS. Prospective multi-center studies will help identify additional factors to decrease time to surgery and improve patient outcomes.
Neuroendocrine responses to social interaction

Our objective is to trace the way in which the psychosocial stimulus results in disease. The first five chapters recount the work of anthropologists, ethologists, and psychologists who describe the motivation of organisms in terms of attachment and territoriality, of dominance and subordination, and of maternal care. Chapter 6 discusses the work of neurophysiologists who have made remarkable discoveries concerning the cognitive and affective roles of the hemispheres and the limbic system.
Nonlinear response of flapping beams to resonant excitations under nonlinear damping

The effect of excitation and damping parameters on the superharmonic and primary resonance responses of a slender cantilever beam undergoing flapping motion is investigated. The problem is cast into mathematical form using a nonlinear inextensible beam model which is subjected to time-dependent boundary conditions and linear or nonlinear damping forces. The flapping excitation is assumed to be non-harmonic, composed of two sine waves with different amplitudes. We employ a combination of Galerkin and perturbation methods to arrive at the frequency–response relationships associated with the second- and third-order superharmonic and primary resonances. The resonance solutions of the spatially discretized equation of motion, which involves both quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms, are constructed as first-order uniform asymptotic expansions via the method of multiple timescales. The effect of excitation and damping parameters on the steady-state resonance responses and their stability is described quantitatively using approximate analytical expressions. The critical excitation amplitudes leading to bistable solutions are identified. For the second-order superharmonic resonance, the critical excitation amplitude is determined to be dependent on the first-harmonic amplitude in the case of nonlinear damping. The third-order superharmonic resonance is determined to be independent of the second-harmonic excitation amplitude regardless of the damping types considered. The perturbation solutions are compared with numerical time-spectral solutions for different flapping amplitudes. The first-order perturbation solution is determined to be in very good agreement with the numerical solution up to 5° while above this amplitude differences in the two solutions develop, which are attributed to phase estimation accuracy.
Chromosomal and molecular evolution in Asiatic wild asses

Chromosomal studies of Tibetan wild ass,Equus kiang holdereri are reported for the first time. A Robertsonian polymorphism resulting in diploid numbers of 2n=51 and 2n=52 was identified. This polymorphism involves the same elements that participate in the polymorphic Robertsonian rearrangement producing diploid numbers of 54–56 inE. hemionus kulan andE. hemionus onager. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment patterns among three unrelated kiang individuals and between kiangs and a Transcaspian kulan,E. hemionus kulan, indicates an approximately 1% nucleotide sequence divergence of mitochondrial DNAs between the two taxa. The chromosomal divergence betweenE. hemionus andE. kiang probably originated less than 500,000 years ago. Studies of additional Asiatic wild ass taxa are indicated in order to gain further insights into the speciation and systematics of this threatened group of mammals.
Chapter 10: Distinct Behaviors of Chemical and Voltage Sensitive Gates of Gap Junction Channel

Publisher Summary Direct cell-to-cell communication is mediated by gap junction channels made of two hemichannels (connexons). Each connexon is composed of six connexins (Cx) radially arranged around the pore. Treatments known to alter cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] i or [H + ] i , and exposure to certain general anesthetics induce channel closure (chemical gating), resulting in cell uncoupling. Gap junction channels are also sensitive to transjunctional voltage (V j ) and transmembrane potential (V m ). Both chemical and voltage gating sensitivities vary among connexins. When V j gradients are applied to poorly coupled cells, the single channel current usually flickers between two or more levels. Over the years, it has been assumed that the channels flicker between a channel open state, γ open , and a closed state. However, recent studies on channel formation in insect and mammalian cells have demonstrated that newly formed channels subjected to V j gradients primarily operate between open and residual conductance states, γ residual , a state in which γ is ∼ 20% of that of the open channel. This suggests that the V j gating mechanism closes the channel only partially. These studies also show that during coupling formation, the first channel opens slowly to γ open , whereas the subsequent transitions between γ open and γ residual are more rapid. A slow kinetics of junctional current (I j ) transitions was also observed during channel gating by V m and lipophilic agents and was believed to reflect the behavior of a second gate, V m -sensitive, distinct from the V j -sensitive gate.
Complexities in the Climate System and Uncertainties in Forecasts

The global atmosphere is a chemically complex and dynamic system, interacting both internally, mostly within the troposphere and stratosphere, and with the oceans, land, and living organisms. Its composition is changing today, and has also changed markedly over the last 400,000 yr. Current understanding of this complex system resulting from recent observations, theory, and laboratory and modeling studies is reviewed. Also, results are presented from the Integrated Global System Model (IGSM). This is a coupled model of economic development, atmospheric chemistry, climate dynamics and ecosystem processes that explores possible future changes in atmospheric composition and climate. The results of an uncertainty analysis involving hundreds of runs of the IGSM imply that, without specific mitigation policies, the global average surface temperature may rise between 1.0 and 4.9°C from 1990 to 2100 (95% confidence limits). Polar temperatures, absent policy, are projected to rise from about 1 to 12°C (95% limits) with obvious great risks for high latitude ecosystems and ice sheets at the high end of this range. Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol, and a more stringent climate mitigation policy, shows the difficulties in accounting simply for the effects of other greenhouse gases relative to carbon dioxide. Also, the greatest effect of these policies is to lower the probability of extreme changes as opposed to lowering the medians.
Differentiation of strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

The present study describes a method for amplifying DNA in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by using short, synthetic oligonucleotides of random sequence as primers in the polymerase chain reaction. Genomic DNA from each of 20 human isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans was successfully amplified in a thermal cycler with a single synthetic primer (GGGTAACGCC) and reproducibly produced 14 different DNA amplification profiles (amplitypes). A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from the same subject revealed the same amplitype. The arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction appears to be useful in characterizing human isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans for studies of epidemiology and bacterial transmission. Images
Domains of importance for parents, medical professionals and youth with cerebral palsy considering treatment outcomes

Background The aim of this study was to assess the domains of importance in therapeutic intervention for cerebral palsy (CP) using categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health – Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods A total of 17 youth, 19 parents and 39 medical professionals responded to the open-ended query: ‘What are the things you find most important to consider when you evaluate the effects of an intervention for yourself/your child/your patient with cerebral palsy?’ Surveys were either mailed or conducted on-line. Responses were coded by two reviewers using the ICF-CY and discrepancies were resolved. Results Responses were distributed across the ICF-CY domains of Body Functions and Structures, Activities and Participation, and Environmental Factors, as well as non-ICF-CY concepts including quality of life. The most common responses overall were pain, motor function, mobility, community life and public services. Youth identified strength, gait pattern, hand/arm use and use of assistive technologies as priorities whereas parents were concerned with motor function, communication, mobility and provision of public services. Medical professionals listed pain, function, mobility, community life and participation most often. Conclusions All surveyed groups indicate a desire to see changes in body functions and structures (pain, mental function, strength, movement), activities and participation (communication, hand/arm use, walking, school, recreation/community life) and quality of life following therapeutic interventions for CP. These results demonstrate the multiple, varied concerns regarding CP across the spectrum of functioning and health.
Resolution of superimposed pre-eclampsia, and improvement in umbilical artery flow in a surviving twin after intrauterine demise of its co-twin

Pre-eclampsia has a progressive clinical course, and is only cured by delivery of the placenta. We report a 30-year-old G1P0 with dichorionic twins, discordant growth and chronic hypertension who developed superimposed pre-eclampsia in her 21st week of gestation. After intrauterine demise of the severely growth-restricted twin, the superimposed pre-eclampsia resolved. The surviving twin initially had absent end diastolic flow, which resolved after the demise. A healthy 1935-g neonate with Apgar 9/9 was delivered at 34 weeks. Antenatal resolution of pre-eclampsia is extremely rare and resolution of superimposed pre-eclampsia has not, to our knowledge, been reported.
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Masks c-Myc Function through a cAMP-dependent Pathway (∗)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax is a pleiotropic gene regulator that functions through CREB/ATF- and NF-κB-mediated pathways. In most contexts, Tax is a potent gene activator. Here, we describe an unexpected finding of Myc repression by Tax. In cells that overexpress human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax, the detection of c-Myc protein in the nucleus by a monoclonal antibody was masked. Tax prevented immunological visualization of a Myc epitope contained within amino acids 45-104, resulting in interference with Myc function in transcription and in anchorage-independent cell growth. Tax did not affect steady-state protein levels since detection of c-Myc with other antibodies was unperturbed. Four observations suggest that this Tax-Myc interaction is mediated through CREB/ATF signal transduction. 1) Tax point mutants, selectively defective for activation of CREB/ATF but not NF-κB, failed to mask c-Myc; 2) masking of Myc was abolished when Tax-expressing cells were treated with protein kinase inhibitor H-9; 3) Tax-specific shielding of Myc is absent in cells (B1R) that are genetically defective for cAMP signaling; and 4) forskolin treatment of cells mimicked Tax in masking the Myc epitope. Considered collectively, these findings suggest a regulation of Myc function at the level of localized protein conformation.
Alcohol and water adsorption and capillary condensation in MFI zeolite membranes

Abstract A boron-substituted MFI membrane was selective for 2-propanol/water separations during pervaporation in part because 2-propanol expanded the MFI crystals and thus shrank the size of the membrane defects. Permporosimetry measurements show that adsorption of 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and ethanol decreased helium flow through the defects, apparently because these alcohols swell MFI crystals. In contrast, neither methanol nor water adsorption appeared to change the defect size. Helium flow through membrane defects was also blocked by capillary condensation, but this was only observed when the pressure drop across the membrane was less than about 20 kPa. Thus defect blockage by crystal expansion was observed without capillary condensation by carrying out permporosimetry with a pressure drop of 89 kPa. The defect sizes were estimated from capillary condensation to be approximately 2 nm.
Phase separation behavior of silicate phases grown in poly(methyl methacrylate) by a sol-gel process

The diffusion and growth of an inorganic phase, namely, silica (obtained by reacting tetraethyl orthosilicate) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering as well as electron microscopy. Previous workers have documented some of the structural features as well as the mechanical properties of such a composite system. In this work an emphasis has been placed on the fractal characteristics of the microscopic particles observed utilizing small-angle X-ray scattering. Fractal characteristics of the silica particles have been studied while varying the tetraethyl orthosilicate content with respect to PMMA. The growth of these particles in PMMA was also studied as a function of the reaction media. Typically, the silica forms mass fractals when reacted in a solvent media of tetrahydrofuran. When a small amount of dimethylformamide is added to the reaction, the fractal dimension varies from surface to mass fractal depending upon metal alkoxide content.
Overwintering and effects of autumn habitat manipulation and carbofuran on Neoseiulus fallacis and Tetranychus urticae in peppermint

The percentages of Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) in four subhabitats of peppermint fields in November were 37% on dead leaves, 45% in debris below dead leaves, 3% in hollow stems and 15% on live foliage. In December, the percentages were 36, 39, 7 and 18%, respectively, for these same sites. The values were 40, 37, 18 and 5% and 6, 80, 14 and 0% for January and February, respectively. By April, 95% of all predators were on new foliage feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, while the rest were still in debris. Augmenting plots with debris increased overwintering survival of N. fallacis compared to the natural condition while removal of debris decreased it. An autumn carbofuran (Furadan 4F) treatment completely eliminated overwintering N. fallacis, thus leading to outbreaks of T. urticae the following spring. The results of these overwintering studies are discussed in relation to improved biological control and spider mite management.
New routes to phenylsilicones

Two alternative nonhalogen routes for the synthesis of phenylsilanes have been explored. In the first method, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene is reacted with divinyltetramethyldisiloxane via a Diels–Alder reaction. The product can then be aromatized. In the second method, cyclohexadiene undergoes hydrosilylation and the resultant product can be aromatized using palladium on carbon with nitrobenzene as an electron accepter. Phenylsilicones can be prepared in a single step in which a silicone hydride fluid and cyclohexadiene are refluxed in the presence of Pt/C (platinum on carbon) and nitrobenzene. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reduced Order State Estimation for Linear Systems with Exact Measurements

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of reduced order, steady state, optimal linear state estimators for continuous, linear, dynamical systems when some output measurements are noise free. These conditions are dual to the generalized, strengthened Legendre-Clebsch conditions for the extremal controls of a dual singular regulator. The optimal estimators are designed without the use of Luenberger observers.
A fault tolerant control design for automatic steering control of ground vehicles

A fault tolerant control approach that combines the optimal properties of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design with an observer based fault detection scheme is proposed for the steering control of a ground vehicle subject to sensor faults. In the proposed approach the linear quadratic regulator is used to steer the ground vehicle along a reference line in the lane, while maintaining small steady state error with minimum control cost. The system is augmented with an observer based fault detection method to detect, identify and accommodate sensor faults, when they occur. Computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerant control strategy under various driving conditions. Simplicity of the overall scheme, minimization of the required energy and the stabilization of the system under both faulty and fault free conditions are the main positive features of the proposed approach.
Differentiation of ischemic from non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion during the early acute phase

We investigated prospectively in 128 patients (140 eyes) the role of six routine clinical tests in the differentiation of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) from non-ischemic CRVO during its early acute phase. There were fourfunctional tests [visual acuity, visual fields, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPID), electroretinography (ERG)] and twomorphologic tests (ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein fundus angiography). We found that none of the six tests had 100% sensitivity and specificity in such a differentiation during the early, acute phase, so that no one test can be considered a “gold standard”; however, combined information from all six is almost always reliable. Overall, the four functional tests proved far superior to the two morphologic tests in differentiating ischemic from non-ischemic CRVO: RAPID was most reliable in uniocular CRVO (with a normal fellow eye), followed closely by ERG in all cases; combined information from RAPID and ERG differentiated 97% of cases; perimetry was the next most reliable, followed by visual acuity. The two morphologic tests performed worst; fluorescein angiography provided either no information at all on retinal capillary nonperfusion (in at least one-third of the eyes during the early, acute phase) because of multiple limitations, or sometimes provided misleading information. Ophthalmoscopic appearance is the least reliable, most misleading parameter.
Tribology of Shearing Polymer Surfaces. 1. Mica Sliding on Polymer (PnBMA)

The energy-dissipating processes associated with shearing polymer junctions were investigated at the molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic levels using the surface forces apparatus-FECO optics technique. For a solid surface of mica sliding across a polymer surface of poly-n-butyl methacrylate (PnBMA) at low sliding velocities and at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature, T{sub g} = 25 C, the friction was mainly of the stick-slip variety; the static friction force F{sub s} was always high and remained relatively constant, attaining its equilibrium steady-state value immediately on commencement of sliding, but the kinetic friction force F{sub k} decreased from an initially high value to a very low value as sliding progressed. The friction forces exhibit complex time, temperature, load, and velocity dependencies and cannot be properly described in terms of a single parameter such as a friction coefficient or shear stress. These, and other tribological characteristics of this type of system, appear to be very different from those of hard surfaces or simple liquid-lubricated surfaces. Where comparison with literature data is possible, the tribological results on these molecularly smooth model surfaces are similar to those for engineering surfaces sliding on bulk polymer. The molecular mechanisms and relaxation processes responsible for the observedmore » tribological behavior and adhesion hysteresis of this type of system (solid surface sliding on polymer) are discussed.« less
Electrochemistry of polyacetylene block copolymers

Abstract Polyacetylene block copolymers, synthesized via coordination polymerization of acetylene by a polymeric catalyst formed by the reaction of tetrabutoxytitanium with poly(isoprenyl) lithium or poly(styryl) lithium, are used as active electrodes in organic battery cells. Their electrochemical properties are studied by using the system in which lithium is the counter electrode, and lithium perchlorate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is the electrolyte. The electrochemical characteristics of polyacetylene copolymers, examined by constant current and step-potential charge-discharge cycles, seem to be similar to those of polyacetylene, which is used as a comparative electrode. Fast kinetics are obtained with the copolymers due to a swelling effect. Electrochemistry combined with spectroscopy (visible-near i.r., i.r.) indicates that a splitting of short chains of polyacetylene occurs during the first few cycles of the doping process.
Leadership Jazz: An Exercise in Creativity:

Creatively using limited resources is a skill exhibited by outstanding leaders. Effective leaders must develop their own creative capacities and nurture creativity in their followers. In this exercise, students work alone and/or in small groups to create musical instruments (and play a tune) using only the resources they have with them. Students are provided the opportunity to confront and overcome some of the most common barriers to creativity. Furthermore, students can learn firsthand techniques that research has shown to be effective for overcoming obstacles to creative thinking.
Release of ribonucleoprotein during digestion of rat testis chromatin with deoxyribonuclease II (3.1.4.6.)

Abstract 1. 1. The composition of rat testis chromatin proteins in fractions produced by limited DNase II digestion followed by differential precipitation with MgCl 2 has been studied. 2. 2. Over 50% of the acid-soluble proteins in the soluble chromatin fraction appeared to be quite similar to proteins which are associated with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles in HeLa cells. 3. 3. Although the ratios of the testis RNP protein components differed from those of HeLa RNP particles, the three major polypeptides were most similar to the HeLa components designated A2, B2, and C1. 4. 4.|The soluble chromatin fraction was also enriched in the high mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2.
Microdetermination of hydroxyl groups in polymers using phosgene

The phosgene method for the determination of terminal hydroxyl groups in polymers has been applied on the microscale. Its lower practical limit is 0.01 mmol of alcoholic hydroxyl. The reaction time, and the amount of solvent and phosgene have been reduced. The hydrolysis of the chloroformate formed by reaction with phosgene has been simplified: Reaction withm-chloroaniline yieldsm-chloroaniline hydrochloride, which is titrated with standard silver nitrate using a chloride-ion selective electrode.
Influence of joint position on electromyographic and torque generation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the hamstrings and gluteus maximus muscles.

Study Design Repeated measures analysis of joint angle effects on hip and knee muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity. Objectives To simultaneously determine angle-dependent changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and EMG activity during hip extension and knee flexion. Background Procedures for normalizing EMG data and for determining torque-angle relationships for various joint motions both entail asking subjects to exert an MVIC. The implicit assumption in these paradigms is that magnitude of the EMG response is at a constant, maximum level so that observed angle-dependent variations in torque are due to mechanical factors, such as muscle length and muscle moment arm. Methods and Measures Fifty subjects (25 men and 25 women participated in this study (age, 23.5 ± 4.6 y; range, 18–38 y). Subjects performed maximal isometric knee flexion at 4 knee angles and maximal isometric hip extension at 4 hip angles. The dependent variables were normalized root-mean-square EMG and torque. T...
Rheology of branched wormlike micelles

Abstract The topology of self-assembled surfactant solutions includes varying degrees of micellar branching, ranging from linear wormlike micelles to a micellar network. Micellar branching acts as an effective attraction between micelles such that network condensation can lead to phase separation. Unlike chemical branching in polymers, micellar branches are labile. Movement of branches along a micelle contour has therefore been proposed as a mechanism of stress relaxation that leads to a reduction in the structural relaxation time and thus, the zero-shear viscosity. Branching is also thought to suppress flow alignment, and for lower levels of branching, may also suppress instabilities such as shear banding. The suppression of shear banding can lead to a lesser degree of shear-thinning in the apparent viscosity at higher shear rates, as well as a reduction in extensional thickening. However, for higher levels of branching, shear can induce branching for samples in proximity to such a phase transition, which can result in shear banding due to shear-induced phase separation. Recent modeling and simulations of the energetics of branching, as well as experiments on model systems, show that the reduction in zero-shear viscosity is due to micelle branching. Current research includes efforts to develop a more mechanistic, quantitative understanding of micellar branching and more generally, its effects on micellar solution rheology.