cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E-019 Preoperative cortical localization by magnetic source imaging for endovascular treatment of arterial venous malformations in eloquent brain tissue

Introduction Preoperative localization of functionally eloquent brain tissue helps plan and tailor the extent of endovascular embolization and surgical resection of AVMs. Combined magnetoencephalography and MR data can be used to localize functional somatosensory, auditory, and motor cortical organization. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of all AVMs treated (both endovascular and surgical) at our institution over the past 2 years. We identified 4 cases of AVMs involving eloquent cortical brain tissue with associated magnetic source imaging for localization of cortical organization. Case records were reviewed for patient outcome and impact of cortical organization localization of treatment and management. Results Combined magnetoencephalography and MR data had a high degree of reliability in localizing motor cortex in areas adjacent to and incorporated by AVMs. Localization of motor cortex affected AVM treatment plans focusing on preservation of motor cortex function. Conclusion Functional mapping of the cortex is indispensable for optimal treatment of AVMs involving eloquent brain tissue. The cases outlined demonstrate the capability of preoperative spatiotemporal functional brain mapping using MEG.
The Need for Mental Health Care Among Informal Caregivers Assisting People with Multiple Sclerosis

The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of informal caregivers and people with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving assistance that are associated with the caregiver's perceived need for mental health care. Survey data were collected in interviews with 530 caregivers and analyzed using a logistic regression model. We found that older caregiver age significantly decreased the odds of caregivers' perceived need for mental health treatment. Better mental health domains of health-related quality of life among caregivers, as measured by the 8-item Short Form Health Status Survey (SF-8), also were associated with decreased odds of the need for mental health care. In contrast, the caregiver's feeling that providing assistance was emotionally draining or the belief that this assistance threatened the caregiver/care recipient relationship significantly increased the odds of caregivers' needing mental health treatment. Health professionals treating informal caregivers should be sensitive to the impact that providing assistance has on the emotions, relationships, and mental health needs of caregivers.
Progestin antagonism of estrogen stimulated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels.

Progestins are frequently used in combination with estrogen to prevent or treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Progestins protect against the undesirable hyperplastic effects of estrogen on the endometrium. The possibility that progestins might antagonize the beneficial effects of estrogen on calcium homeostasis has received little attention. In this study we determined whether the addition of progestin to estrogen would alter the ability of estrogen to raise serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] levels. Women within 5 yr of menopause were treated with three cycles of oral unopposed estrogen [1 or 2 mg/day (3.67 or 7.34 mumol/day) 17 beta-estradiol (E2) for 25/30 days of each cycle] followed by three cycles of E2 plus progestin [10 mg/day (29 mumol/day) medroxyprogesterone on days 12-25]. E2 increased both total and free 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in a dose-dependent fashion. These levels increased progressively over the three cycles of unopposed estrogen treatment. In contrast the vitamin D binding p...
Host RNA Packaging by Retroviruses: A Newly Synthesized Story

ABSTRACT A fascinating aspect of retroviruses is their tendency to nonrandomly incorporate host cell RNAs into virions. In addition to the specific tRNAs that prime reverse transcription, all examined retroviruses selectively package multiple host cell noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many of these ncRNAs appear to be encapsidated shortly after synthesis, before assembling with their normal protein partners. Remarkably, although some packaged ncRNAs, such as pre-tRNAs and the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), were believed to reside exclusively within mammalian nuclei, it was demonstrated recently that the model retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) packages these ncRNAs from a novel pathway in which unneeded nascent ncRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm for degradation. The finding that retroviruses package forms of ncRNAs that are rare in cells suggests several hypotheses for how these RNAs could assist retrovirus assembly and infectivity. Moreover, recent experiments in several laboratories have identified additional ways in which cellular ncRNAs may contribute to the retrovirus life cycle. This review focuses on the ncRNAs that are packaged by retroviruses and the ways in which both encapsidated ncRNAs and other cellular ncRNAs may contribute to retrovirus replication.
Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 1: Pharmacology

Summary This article is the first in a three part review series examining glucocorticoid use in treatment of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders of the horse. This article provides a review of the structure and function of corticosteroids together with a summary of the available literature pertaining to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and indications for use of, and adverse effects associated with, glucocorticoids currently available for use by equine veterinarians.
Manufacturable cryogenic SiGe LNA for radio astronomy and space communications

This report presents results of recent work on the design of a wideband cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA). The amplifier operates from 200 MHz to 6 GHz with noise temperatures of 2.8 K and 4.5 K at 1.6 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. Design, fabrication and cryogenic test results will be described.
Integrating herbarium data into a geographic information system: requirements for spatial analysis

Summary Rhoads, A. F. & Thompson, L.: Integrating herbarium data into a geographic information system: requirements for spatial analysis. - Taxon 41: 43-49. 1992. - ISSN 0040-0262. This paper addresses the importance of spatial resolution and data accuracy for the develop- ment and use of herbarium data with geographic information systems (GIS). Using the Pennsylvania Flora Database as an example, we discuss the variable quality of the spatial information in herbarium databases and present suggestions for standardizing spatial infor- mation for future data collection. GIS applications are discussed and examples of these applications are provided.
Legendre Functions of the Second Kind and Related Functions

(1943). Legendre Functions of the Second Kind and Related Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 291-302.
Bacteriology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group isolated from clinical specimens.

The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of 183 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Ps. fluorescens group ( Ps. putida ) from clinical specimens over a 2-year period were studied. Gentamicin was the most active agent, followed closely by polymyxin B and kanamycin. Based on the source of isolation, the majority of strains originated in the respiratory tract.
Introduction to Quantitative Proteomics

The use of mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis began with the very first published experiment in 1913. Therefore, current applications, including quantitative proteomics, are based on an extensive foundation of fundamental and applied investigations. This history also applies to selected reaction monitoring. The ability of tandem mass spectrometry to enhance the specificity of an analysis was apparent in the 1970s and the technique has a strong history of use for many classes of small molecules. As a result, the application of selected reaction monitoring to targeted quantitative proteomics can be seen as a straight-forward experiment based on sound principles, excellent equipment, and a distinguished history.
Work-up and Treatment in the Newborn

The premature infant with RDS requires continuous evaluation of its respiratory status as determined by arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements to make possible appropriate adjustments of ventilator pressures, FiO2, rates, and I/E ratios and to determine when it is appropriate to switch from intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
Respiration and respiratory treatment: A historical overview☆

Abstract From the initial understanding in biblical times that respiration was necessary for life, progress through early medical history was very slow until the Renaissance. In this period and in the 17th and 18th centuries, accurate understanding of human anatomy, the discovery of the circulation of the blood, the isolation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the elucidation of the principles of respiration formed the basis for the development of modern human respiratory physiology. The advances in the physiologic sciences during the 19th and 20th centuries provided, at the beginning of World War II, a strong background in the basic understanding of cardiopulmonary function, which had not been generally available during World War I. Application of these physiologic principles by me and my associates in Italy in 1943 and 1944 to the primary surgical care of severely wounded non-transportable casualties with thoracic and thoracoabdominal wounds in forward hospitals resulted in (1) more effective resuscitation; (2) strict limitations in the indications for emergency thoracotomy; (3) the development of the concept of the “wet lung of trauma” (respiratory distress syndrome) in thoracic and other severe injuries; and (4) the development of an effective positive pressure breathing machine to combat hypoxia in severely wounded war casualties. The initial recognition that the lung reflected severe trauma not only to the chest but also to other parts of the body such as the brain and abdomen led to a comprehensive description of the wet lung of trauma, now known as the respiratory distress syndrome. Positive pressure oxygen therapy was initially introduced as a practical method of salvaging patients with the advanced form of this syndrome, that is, pulmonary edema. With the decrease in morbidity and mortality resulting from the introduction of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia and with the prevention and better management of heart disease, this form of therapy is becoming more important in managing patients with trauma and those undergoing all types of major surgical operations, especially those involving the heart and lungs. We live in a turbulent age when trauma from automobile accidents, assaults, and other forms of violence is increasing and has become a major problem. Posttraumatic respiratory insufficiency was reported by Moore and his associates [32] as the major cause of death in intensive care units in recent years, confirming our original observations in World War II. During the past two decades physiologic advances and the introduction of better monitoring, cardiac support devices, and elegant, recently perfected, positive pressure breathing machines employed in intensive care units have improved the art. Although great progress in the management of these cases has been made, much needs to be done. This symposium will be devoted to a study of current physiologic and therapeutic approaches to acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency as presented by leading authorities in this country.
Models of Planetary Ionospheres

The distribution of charged particles (electrons and ions) in a planetary ionosphere is governed by the equation of continuity $$\frac{{\partial N}}{{\partial t}} = q - L(N) - \nabla \cdot (Nv)$$ (6-1) A steady state situation (∂N/∂t = 0) can often be assumed, except near sunrise and sunset or during other rapidly varying situations such as a solar eclipse.
Induction of drug metabolism. IV. Relative abilities of polycyclic hydrocarbons to increase levels of microsomal 3-methyl-4-methylaminoazobenzene N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P1-450.

Previous studies from this laboratory showed that the administration of 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,4-benzpyrene caused the formation of cytochrome P 1 -450, which differs from cytochrome P-450 in its substrate specificity, in the difference spectra it produces with ethyl isocyanide, and in its drug-binding properties. Six polycyclic hydrocarbons, previously shown to range in inductive capacities from no activity to very high activity, were administered to rats. The various degrees of induction of 3-methyl-4-methylaminoazobenzene N -demethylase that resulted were related directly to changes in ethyl isocyanide difference spectra and aniline binding difference spectra of microsomal hemoprotein, two measurements which reflect the presence of cytochrome P 1 -450. When a maximally stimulatory dose of a polycyclic hydrocarbon was given, it caused finite increases in microsomal 3-methyl-4-methylaminoazobenzene N -demethylase activity and cytochrome P 1 -450 content, whether it was a poor, intermediate, or potent inducing agent.
Future Diagnostic Strategies—Pediatric

The physicians and patients involved in the early advancement of treatments for pediatric cardioskeletal myopathies have long been regarded as “passionate risk-takers.” With each new procedure creating room for innovation and the robust incorporation of science related to clinical and surgical outcomes, the morbidity and mortality of pediatric heart disease has continued to decline; it is now often regarded as a chronic medical condition instead of a terminal diagnosis. However, as with any disease process, appropriate and innovative treatments rely entirely on accurate diagnoses. In this chapter, we will discuss current and emerging diagnostic strategies for pediatric heart disease that promise to further advance the field. Although there are myriad innovative advances being made to refine and enhance diagnostic accuracy in pediatric heart disease, we will focus on five main areas: noninvasive imaging, electrophysiology, invasive procedures, monitoring in the cardiac intensive care unit, and genetics.
Rituximab for the Treatment of High Titer Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitors Refractory to Conventional Chemotherapy.

Abstract Acquired factor VIII inhibitors are a rare cause of serious bleeding which are associated with a high mortality rate. Individuals with high titer antibodies (>100 Bethesda units) often have difficulty achieving a complete sustained remission and although different treatment strategies have been advocated for these patients, no approach has been well defined. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes which has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of a variety of immune-mediated hematologic diseases including patients with acquired factor VIII inhibitors. However, there is limited data in patients with high titer inhibitor antibodies. In this study, we prospectively studied 4 patients with acquired high titer factor VIII inhibitors who have had long-term follow up. All patients were resistant to initial therapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. The patients ranged from 40 to 71 years of age and three of the four were women. The male patient had an associated autoimmune disease but the other patients were thought to have an idiopathic inhibitor. The patient's inhibitor titers ranged from 249 BU to 836 BU at the time of treatment with rituximab and all received 4 weekly infusions of rituximab at 375 mg/kg. No significant treatment-related complications were noted. Each patient initially responded to rituximab therapy with a decline in inhibitor titer. Subsequently, three of the four patients relapsed. The relapses occurred 4, 8 and 15 months following rituximab therapy and were associated with an elevation in inhibitor titers and clinically significant bleeding in all 3 patients. The individual who did not relapse achieved a partial response with a decline in her inhibitor titer from 836 BU to 5 BU over 13 months and then died of causes unrelated to her coagulopathy. After control of the clinical bleeding, the three remaining patients received an additional course of rituximab with responses observed in all patients. One patient has been in a sustained remission for 19 months following the second dose of rituximab. A second patient had a notable improvement in his inhibitor titers from 418 BU to 10 BU over 9 months after the second dose. The third patient continues to have high inhibitor titers with intermittent bleeding following the additional dose. We conclude that in patients with acquired high titer acquired factor VIII inhibitors, treatment with rituximab alone results in improvement of inhibitor titers but is not sufficient to achieve a sustained response. Rituximab in combination with other therapies may provide a better result in this high risk population.
Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep

Objective: Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults. Participants: Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages 21–30 and 55–80. Methods: Participants wore an accelerometer for one week to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and physical activity, operationalized as metabolic equivalent of task (METs) during time spent awake. Cognition was assessed in the laboratory across multiple measures of executive control, memory recall, and processing speed. Mediation analyses tested the role of sleep efficiency in the cross-sectional relationship between METs and cognitive performance accounting for age, sex, and education. Results: METs ...
Army Health Care for Sable Soldiers During the American Civil War

This chapter focuses on the American Civil War and examines the impact federal military policies had on the health of African American soldiers. Due to the unavailability of skeletal remains, historical documentation drawn from numerous sources, including medical records, newspapers, and first-person manuscripts, was analyzed to reveal how the medical treatment of sable soldiers, especially those that had been previously enslaved in the South, differed from white and free-born African American troops from the North. The regiments examined included two African American units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (Colored), comprised free-born Northern Blacks, and the 33rd United States Colored Troops, formed from recently liberated slaves, and two white units, the 6th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry Regiment and the 9th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Documentary data, including regimental Carded Medical Records, official army correspondence, and military orders, revealed race and class-based differences in health and military treatment, demonstrating that the Black Civil War experience was plagued with discriminatory federal government policies. When combined with social beliefs about Black inferiority and biological differences, this triggered biological stress amongst African American soldiers that had resonating health effects for generations to come.
Clock data compensation aware clock tree synthesis in digital circuits with adaptive clock generation

Adaptive clock generation to track critical path delay enables lowering supply voltage with improved timing slack under supply noise. This paper presents how to synthesize clock tree in adaptive clocking to fully exploit the clock data compensation (CDC) effect in digital circuits. The paper first provides analytical proof of ideal CDC effect for ring oscillator based clock generation. Second, the paper analyzes non-ideal CDC effect in a gate dominated critical path and wire dominated clock tree design. The paper shows the delay sensitivity mismatch between clock tree and critical path can degrade CDC effect by analyzing timing slack under power supply noise (PSN). Finally, the paper proposes simple but efficient clock tree synthesis (CTS) technique to maximize timing slack under PSN in digital circuits with adaptive clock generation.
Substance Use Disorder Treatment Following Clinician-Initiated Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Therapy Resulting from an Aberrant Urine Drug Test.

It is unclear whether substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is offered to, or utilized by, patients who are discontinued from long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) following aberrant urine drug tests (UDTs). To describe the proportion of patients who were referred to, and engaged in, SUD treatment following LTOT discontinuation and to examine differences in SUD treatment referral and engagement based on the substances that led to discontinuation. From a sample of 600 patients selected from a national cohort of Veterans Health Administration patients who were discontinued from LTOT, we used manual chart review to identify 169 patients who were discontinued because of a UDT that was positive for alcohol, cannabis, or other illicit or non-prescribed controlled substances. We extracted sociodemographic, clinical, and health care utilization data from patients’ electronic medical records. Forty-three percent of patients (n = 73) received an SUD treatment referral following LTOT discontinuation and 20% (n = 34) engaged in a new episode of SUD treatment in the year following discontinuation. Logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables demonstrated that patients who tested positive for cannabis were less likely than patients who tested positive for non-cannabis substances to receive referrals for SUD treatment (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23–0.84, p = 0.01) or engage in SUD treatment (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19–0.94, p = 0.04). Conversely, those who tested positive for cocaine were more likely to receive an SUD treatment referral (aOR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.57–7.06, p = 0.002) and engage in SUD treatment (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.00–5.96, p = 0.05) compared to those who did not have a cocaine-positive UDT. There may be substance-specific differences in clinician referrals to, and patient engagement in, SUD treatment. This suggests a need for more standardized implementation of clinical guidelines that recommend SUD care, when appropriate, following LTOT discontinuation.
Performance as Research

In this chapter, we describe the first of our five practice sessions. This first practice session focuses on the practice of the performance workshop.
Epigenetic Modifications in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes are Equally Intriguing

Abstract Posttranslational modifications (PTM) serve as dynamic epigenetic cues, which play a central role during regulation of key cellular processes, including cellular division, chromatin-mediated transcription and cellular response. Published studies have established that imprinting of epigenetic marks, and subsequently, their ability to modulate gene activities are not restricted to chromatin. Despite lack of chromatin, accumulating evidence suggests that like eukaryotes, viruses and bacteria encode factors, which can induce PTM marks on its own, as well as on host’s proteins. These biochemical alterations could aid lower organisms to trigger its own growth and exploit host’s transcriptional machinery. However, as compared to eukaryotes, the knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms is lacking in prokaryotes, which could plausibly be due to the lack of proteomic tools. This article presents biochemical significance of epigenetic modifications in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and importantly, underlines the need for developing tools, which will facilitate unraveling of epigenetic mechanisms in prokaryotes.
THE EFFECT OF BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON ACUTE MARIHUANA INTOXICATION

There is at present a considerable body of experimental data documenting both the peripheral and the CNS effects of acute marihuana intoxication. So far, however, there is little information concerning the neuropharmacologic mechanisms involved. Sympathomimetic and anti-cholinergic hypotheses have been proposed (Beaconsfield, Ginsberg and Rainsbury, 1972; Drew and Miller, 1974); the amino acid neurotransmitters and prostaglandins have been also considered as possible biochemical mediators of the “high” and its behavioral correlates (Sklenovsky, Navratil and Hrbek, 1974; Burstein and Raz, 1975). The sympathomimetic hypothesis has been supported in respect of the cardiovascular changes of which tachycardia remains the most reliable sign of intoxication. The beta adrenergic blockade has been consistently reported to be effective in preventing this striking effect (Clark, 1975). The results of analogous experiments with the drugs affecting the cholinergic neurotransmission have been largely inconclusive, at least in human volunteers (Beaconsfield, 1972; Freemon, Rosenblatt and El-Yousef, 1975).
A remote sensing method for estimating regional reservoir area and evaporative loss

Abstract Evaporation from the water surface of a reservoir can significantly affect its function of ensuring the availability and temporal stability of water supply. Current estimations of reservoir evaporative loss are dependent on water area derived from a reservoir storage-area curve. Such curves are unavailable if the reservoir is located in a data-sparse region or questionable if long-term sedimentation has changed the original elevation-area relationship. We propose a remote sensing framework to estimate reservoir evaporative loss at the regional scale. This framework uses a multispectral water index to extract reservoir area from Landsat imagery and estimate monthly evaporation volume based on pan-derived evaporative rates. The optimal index threshold is determined based on local observations and extended to unobserved locations and periods. Built on the cloud computing capacity of the Google Earth Engine, this framework can efficiently analyze satellite images at large spatiotemporal scales, where such analysis is infeasible with a single computer. Our study involves 200 major reservoirs in Texas, captured in 17,811 Landsat images over a 32-year period. The results show that these reservoirs contribute to an annual evaporative loss of 8.0 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 20% of their total active storage or 53% of total annual water use in Texas. At five coastal basins, reservoir evaporative losses exceed the minimum freshwater inflows required to sustain ecosystem health and fishery productivity of the receiving estuaries. Reservoir evaporative loss can be significant enough to counterbalance the positive effects of impounding water and to offset the contribution of water conservation and reuse practices. Our results also reveal the spatially variable performance of the multispectral water index and indicate the limitation of using scene-level cloud cover to screen satellite images. This study demonstrates the advantage of combining satellite remote sensing and cloud computing to support regional water resources assessment.
The Significance of Marked “Universal” Dependence of Drug Concentration on Blood Sampling Site in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Until recently [1–3] it has been commonly assumed in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics that “blood is blood” and blood (plasma or serum) concentrations of an endogenous or exogenous compound are practically identical, whether the blood sample is obtained from an arm artery, an arm vein, a leg vein, a pulmonary artery or a jugular vein. Such a sampling site-independent concept has apparently originated from an unrigorously tested assumption that after a bolus intravenous injection, the mixing of a substance in the entire blood circulation is extremely efficient; it was said to be complete in seconds [4, 5] or in three circulatory transit times, which is about three minutes in humans [6, 7] and much shorter in small animals [1]. The wide use of the plasma (blood) or central compartment concept in multi-compartmental or noncompartmental analysis [8–12] in the last several decades has undoubtedly contributed to the general acceptance of the above assumption.
Information Guided Data Sampling and Recovery Using Bitmap Indexing

Creating a data representation is a common approach for efficient and effective data management and exploration. The compressed bitmap indexing is one of the emerging data representation used for large-scale data exploration. Performing sampling on the bitmapindexing based data representation allows further reduction of storage overhead and be more flexible to meet the requirements of different applications. In this paper, we propose two approaches to solve two potential limitations when exploring and visualizing the data using sampling-based bitmap indexing data representation. First, we propose an adaptive sampling approach called information guided stratified sampling (IGStS) for creating compact sampled datasets that preserves the important characteristics of the raw data. Furthermore, we propose a novel data recovery approach to reconstruct the irregular subsampled dataset into a volume dataset with regular grid structure for qualitative post-hoc data exploration and visualization. The quantitative and visual efficacy of our proposed data sampling and recovery approaches are demonstrated through multiple experiments and applications.
Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Science

Artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science are two distinct disciplines, with overlapping methodologies, but rather different goals. AI is a branch of computer science and is concerned with the construction and deployment of intelligent agents as computer programs and with understanding the behavior of these artifacts. Cognitive science is an explicitly interdisciplinary field that has participation from AI, but also from linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and subfields of other social and biological sciences. The unifying goal of cognitive science is to understand and model human intelligence, using the full range of findings and methodologies of the complementary disciplines. It is very likely that most of interdisciplinary research in cognitive science will remain focused on specialized domains such as language, speech, and vision. General issues including representation, inference, and learning will continue to be of interest, and will constitute the core of the direct interaction between AI and cognitive science.
Spawning and emergence phenology of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus under differing thermal regimes

Median bull trout Salvelinus confluentus breeding was 2 weeks earlier in a cool stream than in a proximate warmer stream, aligning with expectations for salmonids, followed by emergence timing calculated to be 6 weeks later in the cool stream than the warm stream. This pattern is consistent with both site-specific adaptation and thermal spawning threshold hypotheses for life-history event timing in this threatened species.
TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A FELLOWSHIP: CHOOSING BETWEEN GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND CONSULTATION-LIAISON PSYCHIATRY: Session 410

Abstract Recent trends in specialty training reveal decreased numbers of filled positions in geriatric psychiatry programs compared to fifteen years ago, contrasted with a sharp rise in the number of consultation-liaison fellows. The implications of these trends for geriatric psychiatry are critical, given the existing shortage of providers, coming demographic shifts, and the expected prevalence of psychiatric disorders among elderly Americans. The demand for physicians well-versed in treating older adults will only become increasingly relevant, yet as a specialty we have been unable to grow our number of geriatric psychiatrists to meet current and future needs. In this session, we will discuss potential explanations for this trend, including analysis of resident experiences in multiple training programs, comparisons of the training curriculum between geriatrics and C/L, and varieties of career options after graduation. We will propose innovations to improve recruitment strategies and hear directly from recently graduated and newly accepted fellows about their experiences.
Refinements in membrane projection lithography: a route to fabrication of 3D metamaterials

Membrane projection lithography (MPL) is a fabrication approach in which a novel process flow and mature silicon processing equipment combine to create three-dimensional metamaterials with size scales operational at optical frequencies. In its most common realization, MPL leverages microelectromechanical (MEMS) processing techniques to create cubic unit cells with silicon walls, planarized by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), a technique that is not omnipresent in fabrication facilities. Here we show several variants of MPL, two of which do not require CMP to make the MPL process compatible with low-tech fabrication environments and open the MPL process to a wider audience.
Measurement Equivalence of E‐Scale and In‐Person Clinic Weights

Objective The current study aimed to determine whether electronic scale (e-scale) weight measurements are concordant with in-person clinic weights. Methods E-scale and in-person clinic weight measurements from 248 active duty military personnel enrolled in a weight-loss intervention study were used. E-scale and clinic measurements were matched and tested to determine whether measurements were significantly different from each other. Equivalence between the two measurements was tested among the cohort and when stratifying by gender, BMI, race, and age. The study also examined whether matching the times of clinic and e-scale measurements or averaging multiple measurements was optimal, and whether using e-scale and clinic measurements from the same day or across a specified amount of time was acceptable. Results Overall, e-scale and clinic measurements were significantly different from each other but did not differ from equality. Additionally, using e-scale and clinic weight measurements that were taken on the same day may be a preferable method compared with using measurements within a week of each other, which leads to weight underprediction among e-scale measurements. Conclusions E-scales display good measurement concordance. E-scales may be helpful when studying highly mobile populations, such as military personnel, and could potentially eliminate the need for in-person visits.
Basic properties of materials

Goals After reading this chapter the student will understand the following. The mechanical properties and behavior of materials. Material failure under ductile or brittle conditions. The time-dependent mechanical behavior of materials. Corrosion and its various forms. Concepts related to the basic surface properties of materials. In everyday life, we often define materials using relative terms such as soft or hard, flexible or rigid, strong or weak, tough or brittle, and in a variety of other qualitative ways. What do these terms really mean in the world of engineering? Is such qualitative categorization sufficient for the design and manufacture of a product? The answer is definitely a no, especially when human health or lives may depend on the product. For example, you certainly would not want engineers who are building bridges to pick materials based on such relative and qualitative descriptions! Choices based on much more rigorous, scientific, and quantitative characterization would be expected. The same is true when selecting biomaterials. Material properties can be characterized quantitatively using standardized tests under defined conditions. Once characterized, these properties can be used in conjunction with engineering design techniques to predict the behavior of the engineered product under the expected operating conditions and to ensure that it would function safely. This is important because properties may change based on independent variables such as temperature or rate of application of force. Often a variety of material properties need to be considered for each product.
EMBA vs MBA Programs: Are the Differences Significant?

Schools that offer MBA and EMBA programs confer a Master of Business Administration degree and, on most school transcripts, there is no delineation of the delivery methodology of the program. Despite this, there is considerable misunderstanding concerning the differences between the two programs, particularly with regard to the quality of the education received. This study will look to evaluate the current differences between EMBA and MBA programs and attempt to see if there is any substance to the argument that there are quality differences between the two.
Identifying obstetrics patients in whom RHD genotyping can be used to assess risk of D alloimmunization.

CONCLUSIONS The D antigen is highly immunogenic and may cause alloimmunization to occur after blood transfusion or pregnancy. Some RHD variant alleles express a D antigen that is missing one or more epitopes, thus putting a presumed D+ patient at risk for alloanti-D and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. It is generally accepted that individuals who have a serologic weak D phenotype due to one of three alleles common in Caucasians, RHD*weak D types 1, 2, or 3, are not at risk for alloimmunization. In this study, blood samples from 46 obstetrics patients from a local health system were identified based on discrepant results between automated gel and manual tube testing (n = 20) or based on presentation with a serologic weak D phenotype (n = 26). RHD genotyping was performed using commercial and laboratory-developed tests. Of the 26 serologic weak D samples, 18 (69.2%) were found to carry alleles RHD*weak D type 1, 2, or 3. The remaining eight samples (30.8%) were found to carry partial D alleles. Of the 20 samples submitted because of D typing discrepancy, 7 (35%) carried alleles RHD*weak D type 1, 2, or 3, while 13 (65%) carried partial RHD alleles. This report summarizes the findings of one hospital system and its approach to integrating RHD genotyping into its assessment of risk of alloimmunization in obstetrics patients. It demonstrates that individuals with partial RHD alleles can present with serologic weak D phenotype, such that, without RHD genotyping, these individuals may not be identified as candidates for Rh immune globulin. The study also demonstrates that use of two methods (automated gel and tube testing) allows for identification of partial D cases that would otherwise be missed. I.
Territories of History

Sarah H. Beckjord’s Territories of History explores the vigorous but largely unacknowledged spirit of reflection, debate, and experimentation present in foundational Spanish American writing. In historical works by writers such as Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, Bartolome de Las Casas, and Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Beckjord argues, the authors were not only informed by the spirit of inquiry present in the humanist tradition but also drew heavily from their encounters with New World peoples. More specifically, their attempts to distinguish superstition and magic from science and religion in the New World significantly influenced the aforementioned chroniclers, who increasingly directed their insights away from the description of native peoples and toward a reflection on the nature of truth, rhetoric, and fiction in writing history. Due to a convergence of often contradictory information from a variety of sources—eyewitness accounts, historiography, imaginative literature, as well as broader philosophical and theological influences—categorizing historical texts from this period poses no easy task, but Beckjord sifts through the information in an effective, logical manner. At the heart of Beckjord’s study, though, is a fundamental philosophical problem: the slippery nature of truth—especially when dictated by stories. Territories of History engages both a body of emerging scholarship on early modern epistemology and empiricism and recent developments in narrative theory to illuminate the importance of these colonial authors’ critical insights. In highlighting the parallels between the sixteenth-century debates and poststructuralist approaches to the study of history, Beckjord uncovers an important legacy of the Hispanic intellectual tradition and updates the study of colonial historiography in view of recent discussions of narrative theory.
Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Management Using Constitutional Five Element Acupuncture: A Case Report

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the central nervous system in which communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted, resulting in progressive loss of function. MS and its effects can range from relatively benign to disabling for a patient’s quality of life. Case: A 61-year-old woman seeks acupuncture treatment for managing Multiple Sclerosis, and possibly Lyme Disease, related symptoms. The most prominent symptoms were incontinence, joint pain, and muscle discomfort. Methods: For one year, the patient is treated weekly with acupuncture, which includes gua sha, tuina, and limited moxibustion. The treatments follow Constitutional Five Element Acupuncture theory, which relies upon assessing the patient’s constitutional factor (CF) as a cornerstone for treatment planning and point selection. Conclusion: After assessing the correct CF, the patient-reported responses to treatment increased in duration and depth, with notable changes in the most prominent symptoms of complaint.
Polymer Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells via Buchwald–Hartwig Amination

The development of low-cost materials for charge-selective contacts that provide good energetic alignment with perovskite active layers, favorable thermal properties, and lead to efficient photocon...
Factors associated with meeting cancer prevention guidelines in adults

BACKGROUND Because much worldwide cancer incidence and mortality is related to modifiable risk factors, many global health organizations provide evidence-based recommendations on healthy weight, diet, and physical activity levels for cancer prevention. Even though adherence to such guidelines is reported to reduce cancer incidence and mortality, this adherence is often suboptimal. Identifying factors related to adherence to the guidelines can suggest interventions to improve health promoting lifestyle behaviors for cancer prevention. OBJECTIVES Examine a comprehensive set of potentially predictive factors in meeting American Cancer Society's guidelines for healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity. METHODS Data used in the analysis were from adults aged 18 years and older without a history of a cancer diagnosis who participated in the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2019 (n = 3407). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significant predictors for meeting each of the healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity guidelines. RESULTS Overall adherence to each guideline was low: 39.0% met the physical activity guideline, 30.4% met the healthy weight guideline, and 17.6% met the fruits and vegetables intake guideline. Meeting the healthy body weight guideline was greater in current smokers, females, those who had at least some college education, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self-rated health. Meeting the fruits and vegetables intake guideline was greater in females, those who had very good self-rated health, and those who talked to friends or family members regarding their health. Meeting the physical activity guideline was greater in males, those who had household incomes of at least $50,000, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS The current analyses identified a unique set of predictors for meeting each guideline among US adults who reported never having been diagnosed with cancer. Based on these findings, interventions related to each guideline should be especially targeted to individuals having characteristics that were less likely to meet them. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings from the current study can assist health care providers who counsel about cancer prevention in the clinical setting.
Coherent second harmonic generation in a quantum well-metasurface coupled system

Strongly coupling metallic nanoresonators with specially designed intersubband-transitions in quantum-wells results in efficient, saturation-limited second-harmonic (SH) generation. This method also grants full control over the polarization and phase-front of the emitted SH radiation.
Regulation of DNA Damage Signaling and Cell Death Responses by Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBV infection of preneoplastic epithelial cells is not immortalizing, EBV can modulate oncogenic and cell death mechanisms. The viral latent membrane proteins 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A are consistently expressed in NPC and can cooperate in bitransgenic mice expressed from the keratin-14 promoter to enhance carcinoma development in an epithelial chemical carcinogenesis model. In this study, LMP1 and LMP2A were coexpressed in the EBV-negative NPC cell line HK1 and examined for combined effects in response to genotoxic treatments. In response to DNA damage activation, LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression reduced γH2AX (S139) phosphorylation and caspase cleavage induced by a lower dose (5 μM) of the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Regulation of γH2AX occurred before the onset of caspase activation without modulation of other DNA damage signaling mediators, including ATM, Chk1, or Chk2, and additionally was suppressed by inducers of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and replication stress. Despite reduced DNA damage repair signaling, LMP1-2A coexpressing cells recovered from cytotoxic doses of etoposide; however, LMP1 expression was sufficient for this effect. LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression did not enhance cell growth, with a moderate increase of cell motility to fibronectin. This study supports that LMP1 and LMP2A jointly regulate DNA repair signaling and cell death activation with no further enhancement in the growth properties of neoplastic cells. IMPORTANCE NPC is characterized by clonal EBV infection and accounts for >78,000 annual cancer cases with increased incidence in regions where EBV is endemic, such as southeast Asia. The latent proteins LMP1 and LMP2A coexpressed in NPC can individually enhance growth or survival properties in epithelial cells, but their combined effects and potential regulation of DNA repair and checkpoint mechanisms are relatively undetermined. In this study, LMP1-2A coexpression suppressed activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) protein γH2AX induced by selective genotoxins that promote DNA replication stress or SSBs. Expression of LMP1 was sufficient to recover cells, resulting in outgrowth of LMP1 and LMP1-2A-coexpressing cells and indicating distinct LMP1-dependent effects in the restoration of replicative potential. These findings demonstrate novel properties for LMP1 and LMP2A in the cooperative modulation of DDR and apoptotic signaling pathways, further implicating both proteins in the progression of NPC and epithelial malignancies.
Re-Theorizing Emancipation: Remembering and Rethinking 'Gender Equality' in Eastern European Womanist Thought

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