cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A digitally-assisted sensor interface for biomedical applications

A compact, low-power, digitally-assisted sensor interface for biomedical applications is presented. It exploits oversampling and digital design to reduce system area and power, while making the system more robust to interferers. Anti-aliasing is achieved using a charge-sampling filter with a sinc frequency response and programmable gain. A mixed-signal feedback loop creates a sharp, programmable notch for interference cancelation. A prototype was implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS and the on-chip blocks consume a total of 255 nW – 2.5 µW from a 1.5 V supply depending on noise and bandwidth requirements.
Effect of advancing age on outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease.

IMPORTANCE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established modality for the treatment of advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies have found DBS plus best medical therapy to be superior to best medical therapy alone for patients with PD and early motor complications. Although no specific age cutoff has been defined, most clinical studies have excluded patients older than 75 years of age. We hypothesize that increasing age would be associated with an increased number of postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stepwise effect of increasing age (in 5-year epochs) on short-term complications following DBS surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A large, retrospective cohort study was performed using the Thomson Reuters MarketScan national database that examined 1757 patients who underwent DBS for PD during the period from 2000 to 2009. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary measures examined included hospital length of stay and aggregate and individual complications within 90 days following surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate complication-related odds ratios (ORs) for each 5-year age epoch after controlling for covariates. RESULTS Overall, 132 of 1757 patients (7.5%) experienced at least 1 complication within 90 days, including wound infections (3.6%), pneumonia (2.3%), hemorrhage or hematoma (1.4%), or pulmonary embolism (0.6%). After adjusting for covariates, we found that increasing age (ranging from 75 years) who were selected to undergo DBS surgery showed a similar 90-day complication risk (including postoperative hemorrhage or infection) compared with younger counterparts. Our findings suggest that age alone should not be a primary exclusion factor for determining candidacy for DBS. Instead, a clear focus on patients with medication-refractory and difficult to control on-off fluctuations with preserved cognition, regardless of age, may allow for an expansion of the traditional therapeutic window.
Spatial attention increases the pupillary response to light changes.

We measured pupil size in adult human subjects while we manipulated both the luminance of the visual scene and the location of attention. We found that, with central fixation maintained, pupillary constrictions and dilations evoked by peripheral luminance increments and decrements are larger when spatial attention is covertly (i.e., with no eye movements) directed to the stimulus region versus when it is directed to the opposite hemifield. Irrespective of the size of the attended region (focused at the center of the stimulus or spread within and outside the stimulus), the attentional enhancement is large: more than 20% of the response to stimuli in the unattended hemifield. This indicates that a sizable portion of this simple ocular behavior—often considered a subcortical ''reflex''—in fact depends on cortical processing. Together, these features indicate that pupillometry is not only an index of retinal and brainstem function, but also an objective measure of complex constructs such as attention and its effects on sensory processing.
Sex and sensitivity: the continued need for sex-based biomedical research and implementation

The phrase ‘women’s health research’ embraces women as part of the biomedical research engine while categorizing women as separate. Before personalized medicine can become a reality, we must first ensure that basic physiological differences between the sexes are clearly delineated. In this article we argue that research into sex differences should be encouraged at the most fundamental levels of the biomedical sciences. Moreover, appropriate representation of both sexes as participants in clinical studies is still critically needed. Academic and governmental organizations must continue to articulate strong policy in order to ensure inclusion and analysis of sex as a critical variable. Focused attention on sex as a contributing factor to health, disease and therapeutic activity will increase our fund of knowledge regarding our everyday health, increase the pace of clinical research and ensure a healthier population.
Statistical phase-shifting step estimation algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform for high-resolution interferometry metrology

We propose a statistical phase-shifting estimation algorithm for temporal phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The proposed algorithm explores spatial information redundancy in the intraframe interferogram dataset using the phase recovery property on the power ridge of the CWT. Despite the errors introduced by the noise of the interferogram, the statistical part of the algorithm is utilized to give a sound estimation of the phase-shifting step. It also introduces the usage of directional statistics as the statistical model, which was validated, so as to offer a better estimation compared with other statistical models. The algorithm is implemented in computer codes, and the validations of the algorithm were performed on numerical simulated signals and actual phase-shifted moire interferograms. The major advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it imposes weaker conditions on the presumptions in the temporal PSI, which, under most circumstances, requires uniform and precalibrated phase-shifting steps. Compared with other existing deterministic estimation algorithms, the proposed algorithm estimates the phase-shifting step statistically. The proposed algorithm allows the temporal PSI to operate under dynamic loading conditions and arbitrary phase steps and also without precalibration of the phase shifter. The proposed method can serve as a benchmark method for comparing the accuracy of the different phase-step estimation methods.
Development of colony phenotype in social insects controlled by frequency-dependent thresholds among workers

The frequency of workers adopting different behaviours often depends on thresholds. If too few workers are foraging, for example, then those workers with relatively low foraging thresholds begin to collect food. The regulation of colony phenotype is controlled by frequency-dependent feedback among worker threshold values. I show that, for a given average threshold value among workers, variability in thresholds influences the frequency of workers that adopt a particular behaviour. This conclusion applies whenever the tendency of a developmental unit to adopt a particular phenotype depends on the frequency of other units with that phenotype. Social insects are unusual, however, because the distribution of thresholds among developmental units (workers) depends on the number of times the queen has mated.
Ten Engineers Reading: Disjunctions between Preference and Practice in Civil Engineering Faculty Responses

Previous research has indicated that engineering faculty do not follow best practices when commenting on students' technical writing. However, it is unclear whether the faculty prefer to comment in these ineffective ways, or whether they prefer more effective practices but simply do not enact them. This study adapts a well known study of response in composition to ask whether engineering faculty prefer authoritative, form-focused comments, or whether they may prefer to write different sorts of comments. We asked ten civil engineering faculty to comment on a sample paper and then rank their preferences for provided versions of comments on the same paper. One provided version emphasized comments on content, one emphasized comments on form, and one was balanced. Comparisons of the respondents' preferences and practices suggest that the engineering faculty recognize and value content-focused, non-authoritative responses, but generally do not write comments that conform to these values. We consider the implication of these findings for research on response to technical writing as well as for technical writing faculty in their own course. While recognizing the need for more research, we also discuss ways in which writing professionals, including WAC administrators and technical writing professors, can encourage engineering faculty to enact their preferences for response styles that reflect best practices.
Automatic alert code and test generation system

The MD-11 aircraft alerting function (AAF) software system was developed with the customer as the aircraft systems expert and the avionics supplier responsible for designing, implementing, testing and maintaining the software. Due to the complexity of the MD-11, frequent changes in alert logic were anticipated, forming a volatile development environment. In spite of these obstacles, a cost-effective method for developing the AAF software was devised and implemented. The authors address the following topics: how the MD-11 AAF operates; how the MD-11 AAF provides a cost-effective and timely method of allowing the customer to design each alert, make flight test changes, and maintain the alert data base; and how the MD-11 AAF allows the avionics supplier to easily verify and validate the alert logic using automatically generated test cases. >
Intracellular Trafficking of the Nuclear Receptor COUP-TF in Live Sea Urchin Embryos

COUP-TFs comprise a family of highly conserved transcription factors within the steroid-thyroid-retinoic acid super-family of nuclear receptors. The high degree of conservation among the COUP-TFs suggests that their function among distantly related species might also be conserved. In order to give some insight into this question, we have tested the ability of human COUP-TF to mimic a specific sub-cellular localization pattern characteristic of endogenous SpCOUP-TF in early sea urchin embryos. Similarly, experiments were undertaken to determine if five conserved domains within COUP-TF could act as distinct entities, independent of the complete COUP-TF protein. Fusion constructs were created between the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and the entire human COUP-TF as well as various sub-domains of the sea urchin SpCOUP-TF. Intracellular trafficking of the fusion proteins in live embryos was monitored by confocal fluorescent microscopy. The results of this study suggest that, independent of intact COUP-TFs, the various domains tested are not by themselves sufficient for maintaining the correct subcellular localization pattern. The two intact transcription factors, although they belong to such evolutionarily distant animals, do demonstrate similar intracellular localization in the developing sea urchin embryos, indicating functional conservation between the COUP-TFs.
A practical algorithm for finding maximal exact matches in large sequence datasets using sparse suffix arrays

Motivation: High-throughput sequencing technologies place ever increasing demands on existing algorithms for sequence analysis. Algorithms for computing maximal exact matches (MEMs) between sequences appear in two contexts where high-throughput sequencing will vastly increase the volume of sequence data: (i) seeding alignments of high-throughput reads for genome assembly and (ii) designating anchor points for genome–genome comparisons. Results: We introduce a new algorithm for finding MEMs. The algorithm leverages a sparse suffix array (SA), a text index that stores every K-th position of the text. In contrast to a full text index that stores every position of the text, a sparse SA occupies much less memory. Even though we use a sparse index, the output of our algorithm is the same as a full text index algorithm as long as the space between the indexed suffixes is not greater than a minimum length of a MEM. By relying on partial matches and additional text scanning between indexed positions, the algorithm trades memory for extra computation. The reduced memory usage makes it possible to determine MEMs between significantly longer sequences. Availability: Source code for the algorithm is available under a BSD open source license at http://compbio.cs.princeton.edu/mems. The implementation can serve as a drop-in replacement for the MEMs algorithm in MUMmer 3. Contact:zkhan@cs.princeton.edu;mona@cs.princeton.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transcriptional control of viral gene therapy by cisplatin

Ionizing radiation (IR) and radical oxygen intermediates (ROIs) activate the early growth response-1 (Egr1) promoter through specific cis-acting sequences termed CArG elements. Ad.Egr.TNF.11D, a replication-deficient adenoviral vector containing CArG elements cloned upstream of the cDNA for human recombinant TNF-α was used to treat human esophageal adenocarcinoma and rat colon adenocarcinoma cells in culture and as xenografts in athymic nude mice. Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, causes tumor cell death by producing DNA damage and generating ROIs. The present studies demonstrate induction of TNF-α production in tumor cells and xenografts treated with the combination of Ad.Egr.TNF.11D and cisplatin. The results show that the Egr1 promoter is induced by cisplatin and that this induction is mediated in part through the CArG elements. These studies also demonstrate an enhanced antitumor response without an increase in toxicity following treatment with Ad.Egr.TNF.11D and cisplatin, compared with either agent alone. Chemo-inducible cancer gene therapy thus provides a means to control transgene expression while enhancing the effectiveness of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents.
Experiment-based management of data centers

Our daily lives depend on data centers as they host popular Internet services and critical business applications. Managing these large and complex data centers is a challenging endeavor. We have designed and implemented three systems that simplify the management of data centers. The unifying characteristic of these systems is that they all rely on a limited number of experiments with real servers and workloads. The first system, called JustRunIt, replaces analytical modeling in assessing the performance, availability, and/or energy implications of potential management decisions or system configurations. The second system, called ACI, efficiently optimizes configurations as services evolve, by detecting and leveraging dependencies between configuration parameters. The last system, called MassConf, automatically configures server software for new users by leveraging configuration information from the existing users of the software. The evaluation shows that our systems significantly reduce the resources and time required to accomplish many management tasks. Given our experience and positive results with these three systems, we conclude that experiment-based management has the potential to be very useful in practice.
Work Strain, Social Isolation and Mental Health of Long-Haul Truckers

ABSTRACTCommercial driving is associated with myriad work strains. An ethnographic approach is used to examine how chronic, excess work strains impact the overall mental health of U.S. long-haul truckers. Social isolation and inherent difficulties of establishing and maintaining meaningful social ties during long stretches on the road are found to take a toll on drivers’ mental health. Truckers struggle with loneliness and are overstressed from work pressures and weak support systems. Therefore, commercial driving urgently needs policies designed to curb trucking’s harmful effects on driver mental health and public safety and occupational therapy programs designed to improve mental health.
Comparison of face mask removal times in lacrosse helmets

In the event of a head or neck injury in helmeted sports, it has been recommended to remove just the facemask (FM) rather than the entire helmet. Research surrounding FM removal time and difficulty...
Attitudes and knowledge about continuous oral contraceptive pill use in military women.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine attitudes toward oral contraceptive pill (OCP)-induced amenorrhea among U.S. Army women. METHODS A volunteer sample (N = 154) of Army Active Duty, Reserve, and National Guard women completed an anonymous survey. RESULTS Desire for temporary amenorrhea was high with 86% (+/- 6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and 83% (+/-6%, 95% CI) desiring amenorrhea during field training and deployments, respectively. Fifty-four percent were unaware that OCPs can induce amenorrhea; only 7% (+/-4%, 95% CI) have used this practice during deployment. If made available with education, 49% (+/-8%, 95% CI) would use this practice. Logistic burdens of menstruation were associated with higher rates of desirability for OCP use with soldiers desiring OCPs rating their inconveniences significantly higher than those who did not desire OCPs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although a significant number of soldiers desire OCP-induced amenorrhea, a large deficit in knowledge exists. Routine education as an Army-wide standard is warranted.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with bleeding diatheses.

AbstractFive patients with known bleeding diatheses were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Specific therapy was administered before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to reverse the bleeding disorder. After treatment each patient was monitored with serial hemoglobin determinations and renal ultrasonography. The course during and after lithotripsy was uneventful in all patients. We conclude that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a viable option for patients with significant bleeding diatheses provided that specific therapy to reverse the coagulopathic condition is available and used before treatment.
Review: Beth Sholom Synagogue: Frank Lloyd Wright and Modern Religious Architecture by Joseph Siry; Eric Mendelsohn’s Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community by Walter C. Leedy Jr. and Sara Jane Pearman

Joseph Siry Beth Sholom Synagogue: Frank Lloyd Wright and Modern Religious Architecture Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011, 736 pp., 10 color and 295 b/w illus. $70 (cloth), ISBN 9780226761404 Walter C. Leedy Jr. and Sara Jane Pearman Eric Mendelsohn’s Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012, 192 pp., 59 b/w illus. $45 (cloth), ISBN 9781606350850 Beginning in the late 1940s, a number of Jewish intellectuals and organizations began to focus attention on Jewish art and architecture, raising the questions: How could the synagogue building better express contemporary American Judaism? What was the role, if any, of historical architectural tradition? Prominent commentators like art historian Rachel Wischnitzer-Bernstein and architect Percival Goodman noted that, although an ancient building type, the synagogue has never developed a characteristic form or style. The reasons for such an absence of uniformity are many, including the Jews’ peripatetic existence, laws prohibiting land ownership, the synagogue’s egalitarian nature and its multivalent role, and the desire to assimilate. The lack of architectural traditions led designers to borrow and adapt from what they saw around them, including mosques in the Middle East and Christian churches in the West. Greek-, Byzantine-, and Moorish-styled synagogues predominated in Europe, and immigrants brought these traditions with them to the United States. Both Wischnitzer-Bernstein and Goodman proposed modernist architecture as a fruitful new direction, emphasizing its functionalism and freedom from historical associations. Two of America’s most famous synagogues, both constructed in the 1950s and both explorations in the modernist style, are the subjects of recent books of varying depth. As its title indicates, Joseph Siry’s Beth Sholom Synagogue , from the Sacred Landmarks series published by the University of Chicago Press, is about more than Frank Lloyd Wright’s Beth Sholom synagogue in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (1954–59). The story of that commission and design is the culmination of six initial chapters that provide context for Wright’s ideas about modern synagogue design. Siry begins his book by examining the relationship between Judaism and Chicago’s liberal Unitarians (led by Wright’s uncle the Reverend Jenkin Lloyd Jones), focusing on the ways in which Wright’s view of Judaism was colored by the Unitarian engagement with …
THE PRESCHOOL CHILD AS AN INDIVIDUAL

This chapter describes the preschool child as an individual. There are wide individual differences in children's reactions to failure, to social contacts, to fear-provoking situations, and there are also wide individual differences in self-expression. The individuality of the young child becomes especially manifested if different children are observed in the same situation. Records on children's behavior should be a combination of three kinds: (1) the verbal record, using the child's own words as much as possible; (2) the descriptive record, describing the child's behavior and activities as objectively as possible; and (3) the interpretative record, relating different behavioral aspects to each other and explaining them. The three records should be made separately. The child's pictured associations are one form of his behavioral language. This behavioral language cannot be understood by the adult without a translation, and to make such a translation, the adult has to think in the child's terms.
Designing Compressive Sensing DNA Microarrays

A compressive sensing microarray (CSM) is a new device for DNA-based identification of target organisms that leverages the nascent theory of compressive sensing (CS). In contrast to a conventional DNA microarray, in which each genetic sensor spot is designed to respond to a single target organism, in a CSM each sensor spot responds to a group of targets. As a result, significantly fewer total sensor spots are required. In this paper, we study how to design group identifier probes that simultaneously account for both the constraints from the CS theory and the biochemistry of probe-target DNA hybridization. We employ belief propagation as a CS recovery method to estimate target concentrations from the microarray intensities.
Mystery Case: Acute hydrocephalus caused by radiographically occult fourth ventricular outlet obstruction.

A 19-year-old woman with no history of CNS inflammatory pathology or hemorrhage presented with 5 days of diplopia and headache. Examination revealed papilledema and bilateral sixth nerve palsies. Imaging demonstrated panventricular enlargement and marked 4th ventricular dilation (figure 1). Cine MRI revealed turbulent fourth ventricle CSF flow suggesting outflow obstruction, which was confirmed with contrast ventriculography. A suboccipital craniotomy was then performed, which revealed an arachnoid web (figure 2). Membranous occlusion of the fourth ventricular outlet is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus usually associated with a history of inflammatory conditions or hemorrhage.1 A small number of idiopathic cases have been reported.2
Relationships between gastrointestinal microbiota and blood group antigens.

FUT2 is a gene for a fucosyltransferase that encodes expression of ABO blood group antigens found on gastrointestinal mucosa and secretions. We hypothesized that the fecal microbiomes of healthy su...
Empowering Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Through Physics and Technology: An Overview

Considering the clinical potential of protons attributable to their physical characteristics, interest in proton therapy has increased greatly in this century, as has the number of proton therapy installations. Until recently, passively scattered proton therapy was used almost entirely. Notably, the overall clinical results to date have not shown a convincing benefit of protons over photons. A rapid transition is now occurring with the implementation of the most advanced form of proton therapy, intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). IMPT is superior to passively scattered proton therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetrically. However, numerous limitations exist in the present IMPT methods. In particular, compared with IMRT, IMPT is highly vulnerable to various uncertainties. In this overview we identify three major areas of current limitations of IMPT: treatment planning, treatment delivery, and motion management, and discuss current and future efforts for improvement. For treatment planning, we need to reduce uncertainties in proton range and in computed dose distributions, improve robust planning and optimization, enhance adaptive treatment planning and delivery, and consider how to exploit the variability in the relative biological effectiveness of protons for clinical benefit. The quality of proton therapy also depends on the characteristics of the IMPT delivery systems and image guidance. Efforts are needed to optimize the beamlet spot size for both improved dose conformality and faster delivery. For the latter, faster energy switching time and increased dose rate are also needed. Real-time in-room volumetric imaging for guiding IMPT is in its early stages with cone beam computed tomography (CT) and CT-on-rails, and continued improvements are anticipated. In addition, imaging of the proton beams themselves, using, for instance, prompt γ emissions, is being developed to determine the proton range and to reduce range uncertainty. With the realization of the advances described above, we posit that IMPT, thus empowered, will lead to substantially improved clinical results.
Numbers as Mathematical Models: Modeling Relations and Magnitudes with Fractions and Decimals

Abstract Fractions differ from other number types, such as whole numbers, both conceptually and in format. Previous research has highlighted the extent to which fractions and other rational numbers pose difficult challenges for children and adults. In this chapter, we summarize new research investigating the modeling role of numbers, and specifically the contexts in which the differing formats of fractions and decimals may afford certain advantages in reasoning. In particular, decimals have advantages in measurement and representing magnitude. Fractions, on the other hand have advantages in relational contexts, due to the fact that fractions, with their bipartite (a/b) format, inherently specify a relation between the cardinalities of two sets. We argue that when mathematics is viewed as a type of relational modeling, rational expressions provide a gateway to more complex mathematical notations and concepts, such as those in algebra.
Numerical simulation of complex flow and heat transfer induced by localized laser heating on a urethane-coated substrate

A three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted for complex flow and heat transfer that incorporate solid–liquid–vapor phase change and surface chemical reaction induced by localized laser he...
Happily Ever After? Exploring U.S. Collegiate Women’s Understandings of Love as Impermanent and Timeless in the Age of Capitalism:

This study examines the impact of popular cultural tropes and contemporary ideologies on U.S. collegiate women’s constructions of romantic love and marriage. Although research shows that shifts in ...
Training systems engineers to model sociotechnical aspects of complex engineered systems

This paper discusses a multi-year program to introduce systems engineering students to social, economic, and policy aspects of complex engineered systems via systems research and master's degree level capstone programs. Within the programs, students are led to view engineered systems as a sociotechnical systems architecture. They use a tool framework that encourages the project participants to conceptualize their system as a response to a larger sociotechnical situation, and build a conceptual model that considers external social, economic, and policy constructs as part of the system design. They then conduct system trades that attempt to balance engineered system performance with external system benefits, particularly improvement of the human communities that use the systems. The paper describes a set of thinking tools used to help the systems engineers conceptualize their solutions within the broader sociotechnical context. We address a gap between systems engineering and systems thinking: tools that connect a system design to more holistic aspects of its value to stakeholders, and competencies that systems engineers can develop through more holistic analysis and design practices.
The Utility of Liquid Biopsy in Central Nervous System Malignancies

Liquid biopsy is a sampling of tumor cells or tumor nucleotides from biofluids. This review explores the roles of liquid biopsy for evaluation and management of patients with primary and metastatic CNS malignancies. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection has emerged as a relatively sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing leptomeningeal metastases. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection can effectively demonstrate genetic markup of CNS tumors in the cerebrospinal fluid, though its role in managing CNS malignancies is less well-defined. The value of micro RNA (miRNA) detection in CNS malignancies is unclear at this time. Current standard clinical tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of CNS malignancies have limitations, and liquid biopsy may help address clinical practice and knowledge gaps. Liquid biopsy offers exciting potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CNS malignancies, but each modality needs to be studied in large prospective trials to better define their use.
Implementation of a Community Pharmacy-Based Influenza Vaccination Program

Objective: To increase accessibility of influenza vaccine in a rural community by establishing a community pharmacy-based influenzc vaccination program. Setting: An independent pharmacy in a rural eastern Iowa community of 5,000 people. Practice Description: Protocols for identification and screening of patients, administration of vaccine, and treatment of emergencies were developed by the pharmacist and approved by the county health department medical director. Administration of vaccine began October 15, 1996, and was completed on December 6, 1996. Practice Innovation: Patients were prospectively and retrospectively identified to receive the vaccination. Informed consent was obtained. Vaccine was administered by the pharmacist after screening for contra indications and counseling the patient. Weekly vaccination records were forwarded to the collaborating physician to update patient charts. Main Out· come Measurements: To determine whether accessibility of influenza vaccine in the community was increased through pharmacis1 administration, the proportion of patients immunized in the pharmacy who were not vaccinated the previous year was determined. Results: The pharmacist administered 343 doses of vaccine. Two-thirds of the immunized patients (67.9%) reported also being immunized the previous year. These patients were generally older (65 years of age ± 13) than the previously nonimmunized patients (54 years of age ± 16). However, 60.8% of the patients not immunized the previous year reported either they would not have gone else· where for the immunization (45.3%). or were unsure (25.5%). Conclusion: The data collected suggest that pharmacist administration of influenza vaccination in a rural community pharmacy increases access and, possibly, immunization rates. This may be especially true among high-risk younger adults who are often overlooked and would not normally have received the immunization.
Therapist and case manager perceptions of client barriers to treatment participation and use of engagement strategies.

This study of 33 mental health therapists and 30 case managers examined the relationship between practitioners' assessments of the importance of potential treatment barriers and their use of engagement strategies to overcome those barriers and improve treatment participation. Results confirmed the hypothesis that workers who viewed treatment barriers as more important were significantly more active in their reported efforts to engage clients (r = .28, p < .05). Although no significant differences between the two groups were found in overall use of engagement strategies, we found a significant interaction effect between position and types of strategies used, with therapists employing more discussion strategies while case managers were more likely to employ practical engagement strategies (F = 35.79, p < .001). Findings suggest the desirability of enhancing mental health workers' sensitivity to the range of barriers that clients may experience, and expanding the repertoire of engagement strategies they use to encourage client retention.
Multifunctional Polymers — An Industrial Perspective

This paper overviews, from an industrial viewpoint, the developing unusually broad and many-faceted utility of organic polymeric-based materials, including both emerging technology and product developments, in structural and functional polymers. Included is a positioning of the role and significance of polymers, in the general context of materials development, as an increasingly important enabling technology, with specific identification of materials types, emerging markets and growth rates.
Clinical Features of Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Malignancies

In the United States, it is estimated that 1,268,000 new cancer cases will be diagnosed in the year 2001. Approximately 550,000 cancer-related deaths will occur in the same time period (1). Cancers with the liver as a major site of disease involvement will constitute a significant portion (16,200 new cases) of these new cancer cases. Of concern is the typically poor response of primary liver tumors and hepatic metastases to conventional therapies. However, more aggressive operative strategies and the expanding use of regional and systemic chemotherapeutic approaches have led to more treatment options for tumors of the liver.
Genetic and Physio-Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Premature Senescence Leaf Mutant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Premature senescence greatly affects the yield production and the grain quality in plants, although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel rice premature senescence leaf 85 (psl85) mutant from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of cultivar Zhongjian100 (the wild-type, WT). The psl85 mutant presented a distinct dwarfism and premature senescence leaf phenotype, starting from the seedling stage to the mature stage, with decreasing level of chlorophyll and degradation of chloroplast, declined photosynthetic capacity, increased content of malonaldehyde (MDA), upregulated expression of senescence-associated genes, and disrupted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system. Moreover, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level was significantly increased in psl85 at the late aging phase, and the detached leaves of psl85 showed more rapid chlorophyll deterioration than that of WT under ABA treatment, indicating that PSL85 was involved in ABA-induced leaf senescence. Genetic analysis revealed that the premature senescence leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene which was finally mapped in a 47 kb region on the short arm of chromosome 7, covering eight candidate open reading frames (ORFs). No similar genes controlling a premature senescence leaf phenotype have been identified in the region, and cloning and functional analysis of the gene is currently underway.
Fast tracking of acoustic resonance frequencies in collection volumes to measure flow

Previously, we demonstrated accurate determinations of the mass of gas in a large collection vessel of known volume from measurements of the pressure and the resonance frequencies of a few acoustic modes. We achieved accurate mass measurements even when linear temperature gradients persisted after adding or removing gas. The change in mass Δm from before and after flow and the collection time Δt may be used to calibrate mass flowmeters. Because the resonance quality factors Q are very high (up to 30000), measuring the complex-valued frequency response using a lock-in amplifier to determine the resonance frequency is slow. This static measurement of mass requires sufficient time to elapse for transient non-linear gradients to dissipate through convection and diffusion. Here, we demonstrate a method to dynamically track the resonance frequency of a large, gas-filled collection vessel while gas is flowing into or out of the vessel. We use positive feedback to excite sustained oscillations at the desired resonance frequency without a lock-in amplifier or frequency synthesizer. As the speed of sound changes, the sustained oscillations track the changing resonance frequency f with response time ~1/f. Preliminary mass flow measurements using this technique agree with a flow standard within their combined uncertainties.
Deprescribing and Its Application to Psychiatry

Deprescribing is gaining increasing traction in psychiatry to address the complications and risks of polypharmacy as well as to honor the preferences of the person in treatment. From a recovery-oriented perspective, deprescribing is an opportunity to empower the patient in a shared decision-making process around decreasing the use of psychiatric medication. Yet this process should be carefully thought through, in order to limit negative effects while also respecting a person’s preferences. This chapter reviews indications for considering deprescribing, management of withdrawal effects and increases in symptoms, psychosocial interventions that may be helpful, and strategies for supporting the patient in the decision-making process. Finally, the future directions of deprescribing as a comprehensive intervention are discussed.
Enhancing resilience in adult daughters of abused women

ABSTRACTAlthough research indicates that witnessing inter-parental violence as a child is related to long-term consequences, there remains a dearth of knowledge in regard to adult psychological out...
Sub‐clinical dose of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 does not precipitate rampant, sustained inflammatory response in bone wound healing

Large bone injuries, defects, and chronic wounds present a major problem for medicine. Several therapeutic strategies are used clinically to precipitate bone including a combination therapy delivering osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) via an osteoconductive scaffold (absorbable collagen sponge [ACS], i.e., INFUSE). Adverse side effects reportedly associated with rhBMP2 administration include rampant inflammation and clinical failures. Although acute inflammation is necessary for proper healing in bone, inflammatory cascade dysregulation can result in sustained tissue damage and poor healing. We hypothesized that a subclinical dose of rhBMP2 modeled in the murine calvarial defect would not precipitate alterations to inflammatory markers during acute phases of bone wound healing. We utilized the 5 mm critical size calvarial defect in C57BL6 wild-type mice which were subsequently treated with ACS and a subclinical dose of rhBMP2 shown to be optimal for healing. Three and 7-day postoperative time points were used to assess the role that rhBMP-2 plays in modulating inflammation vs. ACS alone by cytokine array and histological interrogation. Data revealed that rhBMP-2 delivery resulted in substantial modulation of several markers associated with inflammation, most of which decreased to levels similar to control by the 7-day time point. Additionally, while rhBMP-2 administration increased macrophage response, this peptide had a little noticeable effect on traditional markers of macrophage polarization (M1-iNOS, M2-Arg1). These results suggest that rhBMP-2 delivered at a lower dose does not precipitate rampant inflammation. Thus, an assessment of dosing for rhBMP-2 therapies may lead to better healing outcomes and less surgical failure.
Understanding vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and decision-making through college student interviews.

Objective: We aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines required for college-entry and vaccine-related behaviors among college students. Participants: Thirty-three full-time...
Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab - A Landmark in Liver Cancer.

More than a decade ago, sorafenib became the first systemic therapy that conferred a meaningful survival benefit in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Since then, no treatment had...
Abstract B30: A living biomarker from urine to predict drug efficacy and recurrence of bladder cancer

The culture of cancer cells from urine samples is a simple, noninvasive technique that has the potential to advance the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients with bladder cancer, and the generation of such urine-derived cultures can provide both genetic and phenotypic data for precision medicine. In this study we collected urine and/or tumor biopsies from 23 bladder cancer patients and used conditional reprogramming (CR) to generate cell cultures from each of these sources. Using this CR technique, the overall success rate of culturing primary bladder cancer cells from the urine of bladder cancer patients was 96% (22/23), with 100% (18/18) of high-grade bladder cancers and 80% (4/5) of low-grade cancers generating cultures. No CR cultures (0/7) were generated from the urine of cancer-free participants. We characterized CR cells at cellular and genetic levels. The therapeutic responses of urine CRCs and tumor CRCs were also distinguishable from different patients and displayed similar patterns if derived from the same patient. This rapid, efficient, and noninvasive method for generating cultures of bladder cancer cells can be used potentially for high-throughput drug screening, predicting patient clinical responses, and monitoring tumor initiation and recurrence. Citation Format: Xuefeng Liu. A living biomarker from urine to predict drug efficacy and recurrence of bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
An examination of relationships between cannabis legalization and fatal motor vehicle and pedestrian-involved crashes

While attention has been given to how legalization of recreational cannabis affects traffic crash rates, there was been limited research on how cannabis affects pedestrians involved in traffic cras...
Abstract 4841: Functional genome-wide screening identifies triple-negative breast cancer cell cycle-dependent vulnerability driven by genomic gain of death effector domain-containing protein

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) persists as a clinical challenge, with targeted therapeutic options remaining limited for the subtype due to few targetable tumor-specific vulnerabilities. While basal-like TNBC tumors express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the target of multiple clinically efficacious therapies, TNBC showed little to no response to anti-EGFR therapy in clinical trials. Using a genome-wide synthetic lethal pooled barcoded shRNA screen, we identified Death Effector Domain-containing protein (DEDD), upregulated in over 60% of TNBC tumors, as a driver of mitogen-independent G1/S cell cycle transition in TNBC under EGFR inhibition. This cell cycle role of DEDD depends on cytoplasmic localization and is independent of nuclear DEDD, which maintains roles in apoptosis. Cytosolic DEDD promotes G1/S transition through direct interaction with Rb family proteins, encouraging their degradation. Further, DEDD interacts with heat shock 71kDa protein 8 (HSC70) to augment cyclin D1 expression and drive transition to S phase. These interactions of overexpressed cytosolic DEDD with the G1/S checkpoint mechanism present a vulnerability of TNBC to cell cycle inhibition. Frequent Rb-loss in TNBC has prevented clinical testing of CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC, however. Yet, we found TNBC with DEDD overexpression to be sensitive to a combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor in vitro and in vivo, independent of Rb status. This novel vulnerability presented by DEDD overexpression in TNBC suggests promising therapeutic potential for CDK4/6 inhibitor use in combinatorial regimens. Citation Format: Yingjia Ni, Keon R. Schmidt, Barnes A. Werner, Jenna K. Koenig, Ian H. Guldner, Patricia M. Schnepp, Xuejuan Tan, Lan Jiang, Misha Host, Longhua Sun, Erin N. Howe, Junmin Wu, Laurie E. Littlepage, Harikrishna Nakshatri, Siyuan Zhang. Functional genome-wide screening identifies triple-negative breast cancer cell cycle-dependent vulnerability driven by genomic gain of death effector domain-containing protein [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4841.
Sepsis calculator for neonatal early onset sepsis.

Dear Editor,I appreciate the 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis by Dr. Deshmukh and colleagues regarding a sepsis calculator for neonatal early onset sepsis [1]. Upon review of this article, ...
Ion beam etching dependence of spin–orbit torque memory devices with switching current densities reduced by Hf interlayers

We report on the fabrication of nanoscale, three-terminal in-plane spin–orbit torque switching devices with low switching current densities. Critical parameters in the fabrication process, including the ion beam etching angle and time, were optimized to avoid fabrication defects and improve device yield. Measurements of the magnetic field and current-induced switching behavior of the tunnel junctions demonstrate a sensitivity to the nanopillar aspect ratio, which dictates the nanopillars’ anisotropy and thermal stability. Additionally, we show that the current density required for switching can be reduced and the device thermal stability increased by inserting Hf interlayers into the heterostructure. Micromagnetic simulations are generally consistent with the experimentally observed switching behavior, suggesting an increase in the interfacial perpendicular anisotropy at the CoFeB/MgO interface and the reduction in the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at the W/CoFeB interface by the Hf interlayers.
Age-Related Limits of 3D Spatial Attention in Dual-Task Driving

A previous experiment by Andersen, Ni, Bian and Kang (2010) examined the limits of 3D spatial attention in younger drivers. In the current experiment, the authors examined age-related differences in the extent of 3D spatial attention by assessing participants' ability to detect a light-change target in an array of lights over a simulated roadway while performing a car following task. The authors found that reaction time to light-change targets presented during a car following task varied as a function of distance and horizontal position in younger adults, but only a function of distance in older adults. That is, the breadth of spatial attention for older drivers is constant across various depths. However, the depth of spatial attention may be somewhat less for older drivers as they respond to targets far away at approximately the same speed as younger drivers do for the lights at the same distance in the most extreme horizontal position. The results of the present study suggest that tests to assess crash risk, such as the UFOV, are limited in scope because such tests fail to consider the variation in attention as a function of distance.
Scientific Writing Heuristic (SWH)

SWH was developed by Keys, Hand, Prain and Collins (Keys et al., 1999) and has two essential sets of guidelines, one for the teacher and another to assist students as they collect data in the laboratory.