cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corn Yield Prediction Using Climatology

A method is developed to predict corn yield during the growing season using a plant process model (CERES-Maize), current weather data and climatological data. The procedure is to place the current year's daily weather (temperature and precipitation) into the model up to the time the yield prediction is to be made and sequences of historical data (one sequence per year) after that time until the end of the growing season to produce yield estimates. The mean of the distribution of yield estimates is taken as the prediction. The variance associated with a prediction is relatively constant until the time of tassel initiation and then decreases toward zero as the season progresses. As a consequence, perfect weather forecasts reach their peak value between the beginning of ear growth and the beginning of grain fill. The change in the predicted yield in response to weather as the growing season progresses is discussed for 1983 and 1976 at Peoria, Illinois. Results are given of an attempt to incorporate 30-day Climate Analytic Center outlooks into the predictive scheme. 21 references, 14 figures, 1 table.
Dielectric studies of ferroelectric liquid crystals

Abstract The dielectric properties of some ferroelectric alpha-chloroester thiobenzoate liquid crystal materials have been studied using a Du Pont 2970 dielectric analyzer (DETA) in the 0.01 Hz-100 kHz range. These materials exhibit smectic A and chiral smectic C mesophases, as well as additional mesophases in some cases. Transitions involving the chiral smectic C phase are of most interest because this phase has ferroelectric properties. The effect on these transitions of fluorine addition to the alkoxy tail was investigated. The Goldstone mode and soft mode are seen in the frequency dispersion curves of the dielectric loss factor. Very low heating rates of 0.01°C min −1 and small step-wise increments are possible, providing measurements at small temperature increments which permit close observation of the transition regions. DSC measurements and optical microscopy observations were also performed and the three techniques were found to be complementary.
Human bone marrow-derived IgA is produced by IgA-committed B cells in vitro.

Although human bone marrow has been implicated in the production of serum immunoglobulins, little information is available concerning the kinetics of antibody production (primary- or secondary-type humoral response) or the cells that are responsible for antibody production in human bone marrow. In this study, the kinetics of and cells responsible for antibody production in the bone marrow were investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that human bone marrow mononuclear cells secrete a significant amount of IgAin vitro. This finding led to the focus of the present investigation on bone marrow IgA production. The results reported here demonstrate that IgA was synthesized de novo in cultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells; its peak concentration in the culture supernatants preceded that of IgM; its production was totally inhibited by the addition of microgram quantities of anti-α-chain antiserum, while milligram quantities of anti-μ-chain antiserum were required for even partial inhibition of IgA production; and the culture of isolated IgA-bearing cells resulted in a greater than 13-fold increase in IgA concentration in the culture supernatants as compared with those from unseparated bone marrow mononuclear cells. From this study, it was concluded that bone marrow produces IgA as a secondary or anamnestic response to some undetermined stimulus and that IgA-committed B cells residing in, although probably not stimulated in, the bone marrow compartment were responsible for the IgA synthesis and secretionin vitro.
On the 1-Cohomology of the Groups

We compute the first cohomology group with coefficients in a simple module for the algebraic group and related finite groups
XIII. The pressure-variations of certain high-temperature boiling-points

(1890). XIII. The pressure-variations of certain high-temperature boiling-points. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 29, No. 177, pp. 141-157.
Bisphosphonate induced osteochemonecrosis of the jaw mimicking a tumour

Osteonecrosis has been well-documented in the past. We present an example of this complication that we recently saw in our department which on initial presentation appeared to be squamous cell carcinoma. This case is particularly important as the condition will become more and more prevalent and therefore it is imperative that GDPs in primary care are aware of it.
Wavelength Independence of the Velocity of Light in Space

BECAUSE of the great distances involved, time measurements on astronomical events afford the best possibility for a high precision determination of the relative velocities of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths1. A discussion of flare stars, observed nearly simultaneously at optical and radio wavelengths, resulted in a relative uncertainty Δc/c of 4 × 10−7 over the wavelength range 0.54 microns–1.2 m. This gives a value of the product p=(c/Δc) (λ2/λ1) of about 5 × 1012, which is a factor of 10 greater than that which has been achieved in the laboratory2.
Absolute band intensities of acetone ((CH3)2CO) in the infrared region of 830-3200 cm(-1) at low and room temperatures.

Abstract Absolute integrated band intensities of acetone (CH 3 ) 2 CO in the region of 830–3200 cm −1 have been measured near the temperatures of 233, 260 and 293 K. The spectra were recorded with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The investigated region encompasses a total of 15 fundamental bands. At 293 K, for example, the band intensities range from 16.8 to 554.3 cm −2 atm −1 (at 300 K). The intensities have uncertainties of about 5%. All the band intensities increase with decreasing temperature. An empirical formulation was introduced which fit this temperature dependence well and which can be used to predict other unmeasured band intensities in the temperature region of ∼200–300 K. The 295 K intensities reported here agree to within ∼10% of previously published values, with lower estimated uncertainties. Low temperature intensity measurements are not available in the literature.
Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Diaphragm: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Diaphragmatic sarcomas are extremely rare and mostly described in children. We present the case of an adult with rhabdomyosarcoma of the diaphragm. We performed a literature review, highlighted possible diagnostic pitfalls, and discussed multidisciplinary treatment options.
Making International Collaboration Work: An Update from the French Politics Group of APSA

With five years of experience under our collective belt, the French Politics Group (FPG) (a related group of the APSA) has moved into a new phase of network development and international collaboration across North America, Europe, and other continents. The goal of this article is to map out these networking efforts, to present the ingredients for our success, and, in so doing, provide some possible avenues of collaboration for other APSA members to consider in their own efforts to develop international work groups and networks.
MO‐E‐AUD B‐04: Fast, Accurate Photon Beam Accelerator Modeling Using BEAMnrc and VMC++: A Systematic Investigation of Variance Reduction and Efficiency Enhancing Methods and Cross‐Section Data

Purpose: To report on the accuracy of cross‐section data in BEAMnrc and on the performance of variance reduction and efficiency enhancing techniques for fast, accurate linac simulations using the BEAMnrc and VMC++ code systems. Method and Materials: BEAMnrc and VMC++ were used to simulate a 6 MV photon beam from a Siemens Primus linac. Phase space (PHSP) files were generated for a range of field sizes, from 10×10 to 40×40 cm2. BEAMnrc parameters under investigation were grouped by: i) photon and bremsstrahlung cross‐sections; ii) approximate efficiency improving techniques (AEIT); iii) variance reduction techniques (VRT); iv) VRT (bremsstrahlung splitting) with AEIT (range rejection). Efficiencies were obtained for the mean energy, fluence, angular and spectral distributions and PHSP files were subsequently used as input for DOSXYZnrc‐based phantom dose calculations; these calculations were verified against measurements. Results: Efficiencies were calculated for the various VRT/AEIT combinations in BEAMnrc, relative to simulations without VRT/AEIT, namely: (a) 935 (∼111 min. on a single 2.6 GHz CPU) and 200 for 10×10 and 40×40 resp. using directional bremsstrahlung splitting (DBS) and no electron splitting, (b) 420 and 175 for 10×10 and 40×40 resp. using DBS and electron splitting combined with augmented range rejection, a technique recently introduced in BEAMnrc. Calculations with VMC++ produced efficiencies of 1400 (∼6 min. on a single CPU) for 10×10 versus BEAMnrc (no VRT/AEIT). Noteworthy differences (±1–3%) were observed with the NIST bremsstrahlung cross‐sections compared with those of Bethe‐Heitler (default). However, MC calculated dose distributions (using all combinations of VRT/AEIT and cross‐section data) agreed within 2%/2 mm of measurements. Conclusion: VRT/AEIT related to DBS significantly improves the efficiency of BEAMnrc PHSP simulations. VMC++ can be used to perform simulations of the entire linac and phantom within minutes on a single processor. Further investigation of bremsstrahlung cross‐section data is warranted. Acknowledgement: NIH‐R01CA106770.
Antinociception depends on the presence of G protein γ2-subunits in brain

Abstract We have shown previously [Hosohata, K., Logan, J.K., Varga, E., Burkey, T.H., Vanderah, T.W., Porreca, F., Hruby, V.J., Roeske, W.R., Yamamura, H.I., 2000. The role of the G protein γ2 subunit in opioid antinociception in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 392, R9–R11] that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of mice with a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to the γ2 subunit (Gγ2) of the heterotrimeric G proteins (antisense ODN) significantly attenuates antinociception by a δ-opioid receptor agonist. In the present study, we examined the involvement of Gγ2 in antinociception mediated by other (μ- or κ-opioid, cannabinoid, α2-adrenoreceptor) analgesic agents in a warm (55 °C) water tail-flick test in mice. Interestingly, i.c.v. treatment with the antisense ODN attenuated antinociception by each analgesic agent. Missense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide treatment, on the other hand, had no effect on antinociception mediated by these agonists. The antinociceptive response recovered in 6 days after the last antisense ODN injection, indicating a lack of nonspecific tissue damage in the animals. These results suggest a pervasive role for the G protein γ2 subunits in supraspinal antinociception.
Serum dependent variability in the adherence of tumour cells to surgical sutures

Five commonly used surgical sutures were tested for their abilities to adhere tumour cells by an in vitro adherence assay. Adherence was quantified in vitro using radiolabelled tumour cells after standard incubation with a set length of the differing sutures. Tumour cells consistently adhered least to Prolene. All suture materials tested adhered significantly more tumour cells than Prolene (P less than 0.002 for chromic and less than 0.0001 for nylon, silk and Vicryl when compared with Prolene, with increasing cell numbers adhering to the sutures tested in that order). These differences in adherence were dependent upon an as yet unidentified macromolecule(s) in serum. All of the suture materials supported tumour growth in vivo after pre-incubation with tumour cells. Rapidity of in vivo tumour growth, however, correlated well with the in vitro tumour adherence characteristics of the different suture materials. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine

Because of its complex anatomy, the thoracolumbar spine remains one of the most common sites for spinal column injuries and pathologies. Current surgical management to address thoracolumbar lesions remains challenging as traditional surgical procedures—anterior, posterior, and either combined or staged anterior-posterior approaches—are frequently associated with complications and morbidity. By remaining extrapleural and/or extraperitoneal, the extracavitary approach avoids many of these potential complications by using a single incision to provide direct access to anterior, middle, and posterior column, while offering direct visualization of the common dural sac and neural elements. Recent improvements in surgical technique combined with advancements in spinal instrumentation have reduced complication rates with this approach to levels comparable to the more traditional surgical approaches.
Threats to Democratic Rationality

This article examines trends that are impacting democratic rationality. It is found that the trends are almost uniformly negative. Viewed from within the legislative branch, trends are negatively impacting legislators’ time, complexifying problems, constraining options, and limiting the evaluation of options. Trends external to the legislative branch are reducing citizen participation and knowledge about public affairs, skewing the balance of power among the branches and states, and decreasing accountability of public officials. In combination, democratic rationality, the process of making good, efficient, and timely decisions to promote higher quality of life and the public good, is seriously threatened. Recommendations include public financing of campaigns, more structured legislative decision-making processes, simplification tests for all new legislation and regulations, and a major new initiative to foster public involvement in public decision making.
Residue impacts on runoff and soil erosion for different corn plant populations

Abstract The year to year carry-over effects of biomass additions under different plant populations on runoff and erosion are unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of different plant populations on residue cover to elucidate the effects of residue cover on runoff and erosion. The residue management system involved shredding of corn (maize) biomass after harvest, incorporating the residue in the spring, and leaving the land fallow until it was no-till planted the following spring. Runoff and soil losses were measured on 18 runoff plots with plots arranged in two areas with each having three randomized treatments (0%, 50%, and 100% plant population) with three replications. The two areas were managed as a fallow/no-till corn rotation in two cycles of alternating years. Surface residue cover was highly dynamic with significant changes between cycles and seasons in response to the management practices. The annual soil losses were reduced by 47% and 54% for the 50% and 100% plant populations, respectively compared to the control. However, the annual soil loss even for the 100% plant population was still nearly seven times the tolerable soil loss limit of 7 ton ha−1. The normal erosion protection afforded by no-till practices was lost by the incorporation of residue the previous year.
An Argument Against "No-Look Texting" While Driving

Multiple countries across the globe and thirty-nine states in the U.S. have banned the act of sending “text messages” on handheld cell phones while behind the wheel of a car. The scientific research shows texting to result in substantial driver distraction. And a rough consensus between science, policy, and public opinion appears to be emerging that the distraction caused by the acts of physically typing into a phone and looking at a screen constitutes a significant threat to traffic safety. But as cellular phone technologies develop, as policies are formed, and as user practices become established, new issues of concern are emerging. One concern regards what could be called “no-look” texting while driving. Hands-free no-look texting while driving involves the use of technology that can translate text into audio, and voice into text.
Phototactic responses of anuran amphibians to monochromatic stimuli of equal quantum intensity

Abstract The phototactic responses of anuran amphibians to narrow-band monochromatic stimuli of equal quantum intensity were measured for the first time in eight new experiments. The unimodal spectral response, obtained from dark-adapted American toads ( itBufo americanus ), peaks near 626 THz of frequency (480 nm wavelength). The bimodal, U-shaped spectral response, obtained from dark-adapted tailed frogs ( Ascaphus truei ), has the anti-mode at about 589 THz (510 nm) and is not merely the spectral mirror-image of the unimodal response. Absolute level of the spectral stimuli of equal quantum intensity did not affect the spectral response of dark-adapted toads, but light-adaptation enhanced a component that has the same spectral peak as the visual pigment absorption spectrum of principal and single cones of the frog's retina.
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Feeding in Infants with BPD on Nasal CPAP.

Safety and efficacy of oral feeding was examined in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). We hypothesized that repetitive oral feeding enhances aero-digestive outcomes and reduces resource utilization. Data from infants with BPD (37–42 weeks post menstrual age) that were orally fed while on NCPAP (n = 26) were compared with those that were exclusively gavage fed on NCPAP (n = 27). Subject assignment was random and physician practice based. Specifically, we compared the differences in aero-digestive milestones, resource utilization, and safety metrics. Demographic characteristics such as gender distribution, gestational age, and birth weight, clinical characteristics such as frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus needing surgical ligation were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Characteristics of respiratory support and airway milestones were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). However, infants in NCPAP-oral fed group had earlier acquisition of full oral feeding milestone by 17 days (median) versus infants who were not orally fed during NCPAP (p 0.05). There were no tracheostomies in either group. There was no incidence of clinically significant aspiration pneumonia in infants during the period of the oral feeding while on NCPAP. Controlled introduction of oral feedings in infants with BPD during NCPAP is safe and may accelerate the acquisition of oral feeding milestones.
Prevention of adverse electrical and mechanical remodeling with biventricular pacing in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction

Background Biventricular (BIV) pacing can improve cardiac function in heart failure (HF). Objective This study sought to investigate the mechanisms of benefit of BIV pacing using a rabbit model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 4 groups (sham-operated [C], MI with no pacing [MI], MI with right ventricular pacing [MI+RV], and MI with BIV pacing [MI+BIV]) and underwent serial electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. At 4 weeks, hearts were excised and tissue was extracted from various areas of the left ventricle (LV). Results Four weeks after coronary ligation, BIV pacing prevented systolic and diastolic dilation of the LV as well as the reduction in its fractional shortening, restored the QRS width and the rate-dependent QT intervals to their baseline values, and prevented the decline of the ether-a-go-go (Erg) protein levels. This prevention of remodeling was not documented in the MI+RV groups. Conclusion In this rabbit model of BIV pacing and MI, we show prevention of adverse mechanical and electrical remodeling of the heart. These changes may underlie some of the benefits seen with BIV pacing in HF patients with more severe LV dysfunction.
Hardware design and object-oriented hardware driver design for the Real-time Interferometer Control System Testbed

Since modern astronomical interferometers require a large number of sensors and actuators for closed-loop control of opto-mechanical components, reconfigurability of the hardware is a strongly desired feature of interferometer control software. In order for software control systems to access hardware with a standard interface and be easily reconfigurable, a layer of software is needed to communicate with the hardware driver software that is modular. If the details of the hardware configuration can be abstracted from the controller software, moving a device to a different I/O board or channel becomes a much easier task. Device mobility is important when testing the performance of computer and instrument hardware, and controller software; it also makes the software much easier to reuse in different instruments. Object-oriented programming provides a model that permits the abstraction of this hardware driver layer. The JPL Realtime Interferometer Control System Testbed (RICST) has developed hardware driver software that employs an object- oriented paradigm and allows relatively simple reconfigurability of devices and I/O boards. This scheme is especially useful since RICST is developing software for use by multiple projects. The top level of the class hierarchy includes Boards, Channels, Channel Banks, Clocks, and Interrupts; these abstract objects provide a common interface for control software to communicate with the hardware.
Outline of Hindi Grammar With Exercises

This is an introductory textbook on Hindi grammar. This third edition contains a new set of listening and reading exercises in addition to the existing end-of-chapter exercises. A complete set of exercises is available on two accompanying cassettes. It is intended for introductory and intermediate courses in Hindi language, as well as for individuals teaching themselves Hindi.
An interval longer than 12 weeks between the diagnosis of muscle invasion and cystectomy is associated with worse outcome in bladder carcinoma.

Purpose: The standard of care for muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is radical cystectomy. Definitive therapy may often be delayed for various reasons. We assessed whether pathological stage and survival correlated with the length of time between diagnosis of muscle invasion and cystectomy.Materials and Methods: The records of 290 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy between February 1987 and July 2000 were reviewed. Of 265 (91.4%) cystectomies performed for transitional cell carcinoma data were available for 247 (85.2%) and 189 (65.2%) patients were identified who underwent surgery for muscle invasive disease (T2 or greater). The interval between diagnosis of muscle invasion and cystectomy was calculated for each patient. Patients were divided into groups based on time to surgery as group 1—less than 4 weeks, 2—4 to 6 weeks, 3—7 to 9 weeks, 4—10 to 12 weeks, 5—13 to 16 weeks, and 6—greater than 16 weeks. Exploratory univariate and multivariate analyses were perfo...
Retroactive interference in the retention of prose: A reconsideration and new evidence

The sensitivity of naturalistic prose material to retroactive interference (RI) was investigated in three experiments, with due consideration given to the conditions known to produce RI in non-prose material. In experiment 1, unrelated, related, and nearly identical (parapharase) prose passage conditions yielded a pattern of results very similar to those obtained with non-prose material, with only the related condition associated with significant amounts of RI. Based upon these results and a few simple assumptions, a classificatory scheme was developed within which predictions were made regarding RI in related prose material. Several such predictions were tested and confirmed in Experiments 2 and 3. It was concluded that the many previous failures to detect RI in the retention of prose may be attributed to factors other than any inherent insensitivity of the material itself, and that RI may be just as predictable in prose as it is non-prose material.
“Anomalous peak effect”—Is it indicative of a generalized Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state?

Dilatometric and magnetic studies on single crystals of the high-κ superconductors UPd2Al3 and CeRu2 reveal a spontaneous increase of the volume-pinning force at high magnetic fields of more than one order of magnitude. This “anomalous peak effect” was claimed to be a signature of a new staggered high-field superconducting order parameter. We will review the recent developments and discuss alternative explantations.
Internal rotation effects in the pulsed jet rotational spectrum of the trifluoromethane-carbon dioxide dimer

Abstract The rotational spectrum of the normal isotopic species of the HCF 3 –CO 2 weakly bound complex has been measured by Fourier-transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy. All transitions are split into A and E states by internal rotation of the trifluoromethane subunit. A global fit of these states gives rotational constants that are consistent with a structure predicted by an MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) ab initio calculation in which the axes of the monomers are coplanar, with the hydrogen atom of the trifluoromethane angled toward one of the oxygen atoms of the CO 2 . Measured dipole moment components ( μ a = 0.431(6) D, μ b = 0, μ c = 1.436(6) D, μ total = 1.499(6) D) confirm the ab initio prediction of an ac plane of symmetry; however, the very near-prolate nature of the complex ( κ = −0.997), combined with the relatively high barrier to internal rotation (∼30 cm −1 ) leads to asymmetry splittings and internal rotation splittings of similar magnitude, resulting in the observation of dipole forbidden b -type E -state transitions in addition to the expected a - and c -type lines. Although this effect has been observed previously in several monomer spectra, this appears to be one of few examples for a weakly bound complex.
The Past and Present Topology and Structure of Mediterranean Subtidal Rocky-shore Food Webs

The understanding of the taxonomic composition of Mediterranean subtidal rocky-shore food webs is extraordinary; the information on trophic links and food-web structure is, however, still meager. An initial description of the rocky-bottom food web of the Medes Islands off the Catalan coast includes a minimum of 1350 species organized in five trophic levels. A minimum of 151 trophic links have been identified for 37 broad trophic/taxonomic categories (including humans), although estimates of the total number of links at the species level may be on the order of thousands for fishes alone. Mediterranean food webs are dynamic, their topology and structure varying along seasonal and environmental gradients. Fishing has been for thousands of years the single major factor provoking changes in the structure of these Mediterranean food webs. Ecologically extinct megafauna (monk seal, loggerhead turtle, sharks) accounted for 24% of the identified trophic interactions. The removal of these large consumers had undescribed ecological consequences. Improved understanding of present and past Mediterranean food webs will improve understanding of the effects of human activities and help us preserve and restore these food webs.
Antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi detected by different classes and subclasses of antibodies

The kinetics of the appearance of specific IgM and of subclasses of IgG antibodies following infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi and the antigens of amastigotes and epimastigotes recognized by these antibodies were investigated by using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and the protein transfer technique. IgM and IgG2 antibodies were detected almost at the same time and peaked on day 30 and 40 of infection respectively. On day 150 of infection IgM antibodies were barely detectable whereas IgG2 antibodies were still at a high titre. IgG3 and IgG1 antibodies were first detected on days 20 and 30, peaked on days 30 and 50 respectively, and were still detected at low titres on day 150 of infection. The immunofluorescent test with each antibody revealed differences in the patterns of the fluorescent staining of the organisms, particularly with amastigotes. These differences were most striking with IgG3 antibodies. Fluorescent staining with IgM or IgG1 was localized mostly on one or two poles of the amastigotes; with IgG2 it was over the entire body of either amastigotes or epimastigotes; and with IgG3 it was in the form of very small spots over the entire body of organisms of both stages. The Western blots revealed that each antibody apparently recognized the same antigens in both the epimastigote and amastigote antigen preparations. The 90 Kd MW antigen of epimastigotes as well as two antigens of MW 92 Kd and 90 Kd of amastigotes were recognized by each of the antibodies examined.
Space: the new frontier in HIV prevention for young men who have sex with men.

Abstract Young men who have sex with men (MSM) in urban areas of the United States continue to be vulnerable to HIV infection. Qualitative data collected with participants in a community level HIV intervention in West Hollywood and Orange County, California, suggest that space—both actual physical space and the concept of having space—should be an integral part of an HIV prevention intervention for young MSM. Having such spaces appears to contribute to youth sense of empowerment and efficacy and foster community building, all important components of an effective HIV prevention. Data were drawn from a qualitative research sample of 73. Through narratives, young men describe specific characteristics of the space necessary for effective HIV intervention, including mentoring and supportive staff, tolerant and like–minded peers, information exchange, opportunities for strengthening self-esteem, and a sense of collaborative community invested in social change.
Alcohol Outcome Expectancies and Regrettable Drinking-Related Social Behaviors.

Aims: Research has shown that alcohol outcome expectancies are predictive of heavy alcohol consumption, which can lead to risky behavior. The purpose of the present study was to assess the incidence of various low-risk social behaviors while drinking among college students. Such social behaviors may later be regretted (referred to as regrettable social behaviors) and include electronic and in-person communications. Methods: College students (N= 236) completed measures of alcohol outcome expectancies and regrettable social behaviors. Results: Regrettable social behaviors were reported by 66.1% of participants, suggesting that they may occur at a much higher rate than more serious drinking-related consequences (e.g. drinking and driving, violence, etc.). Expectancies for social facilitation predicted regrettable social behavior. Further, this relationship was mediated by amount of alcohol consumed. Conclusion: Given the high incidence, regrettable social behaviors may be effective targets in alcohol prevention programming.
Developmental changes in concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in mouse tissues.

Abstract Developmental changes in tissue concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc were determined from birth to day 60 in the hybrid mouse. Liver, iron, and copper concentrations decreased by 80% during the first 2 weeks of life. After 4 weeks more, liver iron concentration increased to levels similar to those found at birth, while copper concentrations remained low. Liver zinc concentrations did not change during the experimental period. Brain iron, copper, and zinc concentrations increased during the postnatal period. The increases in iron and zinc concentrations were gradual, with 35% overall increases. Copper concentration increased by 350%, primarily between day 7 and day 22. Kidney iron concentration was constant until day 26, but between day 26 and 60 it increased by 100%. Kidney copper concentration increased from birth to day 28 by about 40%, and then remained constant. Kidney zinc concentration did not change with age. Spleen iron concentration did not change until day 40, then increased by about 200% to day 50. Spleen copper and spleen zinc concentrations did not change with age. These observations identify several time periods in which concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc are changing rapidly in tissues of the young mouse. The identification of these patterns allows the investigator to choose optimum time periods for the study of mineral metabolism during the postnatal period.
rRNA operon copy number reflects ecological strategies of bacteria.

Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on bacterial chromosomes. Despite this conspicuous deviation from single-copy genes, no phenotype has been consistently associated with rRNA gene copy number. We found that the number of rRNA genes correlates with the rate at which phylogenetically diverse bacteria respond to resource availability. Soil bacteria that formed colonies rapidly upon exposure to a nutritionally complex medium contained an average of 5.5 copies of the small subunit rRNA gene, whereas bacteria that responded slowly contained an average of 1.4 copies. In soil microcosms pulsed with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indigenous populations of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria with multiple rRNA genes (x = 5.4) became dominant, whereas populations with fewer rRNA genes (x = 2.7) were favored in unamended controls. These findings demonstrate phenotypic effects associated with rRNA gene copy number that are indicative of ecological strategies influencing the structure of natural microbial communities.
Decomposition and Representation Theorems in Measure Theory

"= the class of sets of finite measure and, as far as integration theory is concerned, this is no real restriction. A subfamily ~ of d is a a.ideal in d iff ~ is a ring of sets, the intersection of each member of ~ with a member of d is a member of ~ and each member of ~¢ which is the countable union of members of itself belongs to ~. A subset E of X is called measurable iff A ~ E C d for each A in d. (Some authors call such sets locally measurable). The class of measurable sets is a a-algebra of subsets of X. If E and F are measurable subsets of X then we agree that E ~_~ F Life ~ E contains no set of positive measure. If E and F are members of ~¢ then E _~ ~ P iff m (F ~ E) = 0. Clearly ~ ~ is a partial ordering of the class of measurable sets. We further agree that E is m.~uivalen~ to F,
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors. 1. Purine Phosphonic Acids as Novel AMP Mimics

Inhibition of FBPase is considered a promising way to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and therefore could be a potential approach to treat type 2 diabetes. Herein we report the discovery of a series of purine phosphonic acids as AMP mimics targeting the AMP site of FBPase, which was achieved using a structure-guided drug design approach. These non-nucleotide purine analogues inhibit FBPase in a similar manner and with similar potency as AMP. More importantly, several purine analogues exhibited potent cellular and in vivo glucose-lowering activities, thus achieving proof-of-concept for inhibiting FBPase as a drug discovery target. For example, compounds 4.11 and 4.13 are as equipotent as AMP with regard to FBPase inhibition. Furthermore, compound 4.11 inhibited glucose production in primary rat hepatocytes and significantly lowered blood glucose levels in fasted rats.
An on-line computer-based system for determining social costs and benefits

An on-line computerized program for determining social costs and social benefits for individuals in psychiatric treatment is described. The use of such a program yields a dollar value indicating how much a patient contributes to society. Mental health administrators and program evaluators can therefore be provided with information regarding the economic impact that their mental health programs have upon society. The program displays a series of multiple-choice questions on a CRT which reflect possible costs and benefits. Through the use of branching logic, unnecessary questioning is omitted. Each item is “costed” such that, upon completion of testing, a cost-benefit index is provided.
The self in the world: The social context of Sylvia Plath's late poems

(1980). The self in the world: The social context of Sylvia Plath's late poems. Women's Studies: Vol. 7, “Where my own nature would be leading”: The triumph of the woman poet, pp. 171-183.
Auxin transport: a new synthetic inhibitor.

The new synthetic plant growth regulator DPX1840 (3,3a-dihydro-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-8H-pyrazolo [5,1-a] isoindol-8-one) was examined for its effects on auxin transport. At a concentration of 0.5 mm in the receiver agar cylinders DPX1840 significantly inhibited the basipetal transport of naphthaleneacetic acid-1-(14)C in stem sections of Vigna sinensis Endl., Pisum sativum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Glycine max L., Helianthus annuus L., Gossypium hirsutum L., and Zea mays L. without significantly reducing total auxin uptake or recovery. The time sequence of the effect varied with the plant species. A similar inhibition of the basipetal movement of indoleacetic acid-1-(14)C was observed in intact seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In contrast to basipetal auxin transport DPX1840 had no significant effect on the acropetal movement of indoleacetic acid-1-(14)C in stem sections of Gossypium hirsutum L. Qualitatively the effect of DPX1840 on basipetal auxin transport was similar to that of other known auxin transport inhibitors. Quantitative differences, however, suggested the following order of activity: Naptalam>morphactin[unk]DPX1840>2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.DPX1840 also inhibited the lateral displacement of auxin. In horizontally placed stem sections of Helianthus annuus L. pretreated with DPX1840, the ratio of radioactivity from indoleacetic acid-1-(14)C in the upper versus the lower halves of the sections following basipetal indoleacetic acid-1-(14)C transport was approximately 50:50, whereas in the corresponding controls it was approximately 40:60.The data indicate that many of the characteristic effects of DPX1840 on plants, especially those which are known to involve auxin (e.g., epinasty, abscission, apical dominance, tropism), are due, at least in part, to its effects on auxin transport.
T-cell response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B is reduced among heart failure patients on ventricular device support.

Abstract Infections are the major complication among patients on left ventricular device (LVAD) support. One mechanism that may explain the elevated incidence of infection is a deficiency in cellular immunity after LVAD placement. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the in vitro T-cell–proliferative and cytokine response following challenge with staphylococcal enterotoxin B in 14 LVAD and 6 non-LVAD stable outpatients awaiting heart transplantation. Clinical outcome was followed for 12 months. Clinical outcome was poorer (P
Some effects of composition on preparation of amorphous alloys

Abstract In the preparation of amorphous alloy ribbons by the chill block casting technique, we have observed that some alloys are easily quenched to the amorphous state while others, similar in composition and similarly treated, may not be completely amorphous or may even be completely crystalline. These differences have been correlated with the constitution of the alloys used to prepare the amorphous ribbon. As an example, in the iron—boron system, the rangw over which completely amorphous ribbon may be made at cooling rates in excess of 10 6 K/sec, extends from about 14% to 21% boron. Alloys with less or more boron consist of a higher melting temperature phase in conjunction with the eutectic matrix. The higher the temperature at which this phase forms on cooling the liquid, the more difficult it is to make a completely amorphous ribbon. Alloys of iron and phosphorus, when quenched, experience a marked undercooling; ribbons of this and similar composition are completely crystalline. Features of the ribbon indicate that it is formed in the amorphous state and subsequently reheated and crystallized. Examination of the crystallographic characteristics and cooling curves of the starting alloys, used to make the amorphous ribbons, enables one to predict the degree of amorphousness obtainable in most alloys.
Differential phase I and phase II enzyme activities in brown bullhead and channel catfish exposed to β-naphthoflavone

Abstract This research explores biochemical mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility of two related species of Ictaluridae (channel catfish and brown bullhead) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-mediated liver cancer. The hypothesis is that the observed difference in the relatively insensitive catfish versus more sensitive bullhead is due to differences in hepatic phase II or epoxide hydrolase (EH) activities which could enhance excretion of PAHs. Fish of each species were treated with either corn oil or β-naphthoflavone (10 mg/kg in corn oil) at both 3 and 2 days prior to first sampling. Microsomal and cytosolic liver preparations from four fish per treatment were prepared 2, 7, and 14 days after the final dosing. EROD activities were higher in catfish as previously reported. In contrast, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-GST activities were significantly higher in bullhead. GST was not induced in either species in dosed versus control animals. An EH assay using benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-epoxide was optimized with catfish microsomes. Activities were 5.2±0.57 nmol/mg/min and did not show time or dose-related differences. Bullhead appear to have higher constitutive EH activities compared to catfish. Current studies are ongoing with EH inhibitors to investigate this difference.
Private value components, and the winner's curse in an art index

Abstract Does the private value component of art induce buyers to overpay for paintings? We model this as a type of ‘winner's curse’. Private values imply that prices depend upon the potential number of bidders, a number which declines immediately following a sale. A modified repeat sales regression allows for both temporal and private value returns to painting investments. The temporal component represents the evolving capital appreciation of a painting through time. The private value component originates from changes in the maximum private valuation through time. Preliminary results of this return decomposition indicate that the private value return may be significant and positive. The paper explores the further implications of a private value return, including its possible biassing effect upon the capital appreciation index resulting from the repeat sales regression.
Quadratic estimators of the frequency-wavenumber spectrum

A general representation is presented for quadratic estimators of the far-field frequency-wavenumber spectrum. The quadratic estimators are constructed from linear transformations of the array data. These linear transformations contain the windows normally associated with multiple window spectral estimators and act as multidimensional baseband beamformers. It is the selection of these windows that is most important in the design of quadratic spectral estimators. A discussion is presented of the two dimensional periodogram and the two dimensional Thomson (1982) estimator as prototypical examples of quadratic estimators. >
Ambient elemental, reactive gaseous, and particle-bound mercury concentrations in New Jersey, U.S.: measurements and associations with wind direction.

Two and a half years of data of ambient concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particle-bound mercury (Hgp) were collected at measure ment sites at Elizabeth, New Jersey and New Brunswick, New Jersey with Tekran sampling units. The data were processed, summarized, and analyzed from a variety of perspectives. Data quality control and quality assurance procedures are described. Wind direction and wind speed data for each of the sites were also collected. Significant temporal variations in concentrations of all three species were observed. Some signif icant directional variations were also seen. The sporadic nature of many of the temporal variations is consistent with and could reflect highly variable emissions patterns from anthropogenic mercury sources. Overall mean concentrations of all species were determined. These were, for Hg0, Hgp, and RGM respectively; 2.25 ± 0.04 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3), 8.21 ± 0.39 picograms per cubic meter (pg/m3), and 8.93 ± 0.31 pg/m3 (arithmetic means and 95% confidence intervals) at Elizabeth, and 2.15 ± 0.02 ng/m3, 10.73 ± 0.45 pg/m3, and 6.04 ± 0.30 pg/m3 at New Brunswick. Mean concentrations were determined for 16 different sectors representing wind directions. The impact of one known large source is suggested by these data. Reasons for some directional variations are not apparent and suggest a need for further investigation.
STAINING OF VACCINIA ANTIGEN BY IMMUNOURANIUM TECHNIQUE.

Abstract In a preliminary study on the localization of vaccinia antigen by immunouranium technique it appeared that most antigenic reactivity was destroyed during fixation and embedding. Nevertheless, viral particles were specifically localized 14 and 20 hours after infection of HeLa cells. They appeared in the cytoplasm either as scattered clusters or as discrete, dense inclusion bodies.
Modeling of topology-dependent neural network plasticity induced by activity-dependent electrical stimulation

Activity-dependent electrical stimulation can induce cerebrocortical reorganization in vivo by activating brain areas using stimulation derived from the statistics of neural or muscular activity. Due to the nature of synaptic plasticity, network topology is likely to influence the effectiveness of this type of neuromodulation, yet its effect under different network topologies is unclear. To address this issue, we simulated small-scale three-neuron networks to explore topology-dependent network plasticity. The induced neuroplastic changes were evaluated by network coherence and unit-pair mutual information measures. We demonstrated that involvement of monosynaptic feedforward and reciprocal connections is more likely to lead to persistent decreased network coherence and increased network mutual information independent of the global network topology. On the contrary, disynaptic feedforward connections exhibit heterogeneous coherence and unit-pair mutual information sensitivity that depends strongly upon the network context.
Global Burden of Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Risk Assessment

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16–32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countr...
Ising model for tricritical points in ternary mixtures

An Ising model with spin $S=1$ at each lattice point which exhibits multiple tricritical points is presented. This is a generalization of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model which was used for describing the tricritical point in ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ mixtures. The model is solved in the molecular-field approximation. It is found that its thermodynamic behavior near the tricritical point is in qualitative agreement with the thermodynamic behavior of ternary fluids near their tricritical points.
A new Eulechriops (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Conoderinae) from Brazil attacking Rubus

Eulechriops rubi, new species, is described from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is an agricultural pest whose larvae feed in the shoots of Rubus species and kill the plants.
A Simple Model of Voice

We think of voice as a means of information aggregation within groups operating in a variety of settings. We explore how the characteristics of groups and their leaders influence voice. In relatively homogeneous groups, members farthest away from the leader have the best incentives to provide information, and their voice tends to moderate policy decisions. In large heterogeneous groups where leaders cannot identifY individual members, the possibilities for informational exchange are severely limited, and any communication that exists pushes policies farther to the extreme.