cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field-theoretic parametrization of low-energy nucleon form factors

A field-theoretic parametrization is proposed for nucleon electromagnetic form factors at momentum transfer less than 600 MeV The parametrization is part of a larger effective field theory Lagrangian that is Lorentz covariant and chirally symmetric and that has been used to successfully describe bulk and single-particle properties of medium- to heavy-mass nuclei. The parametrization is based on vector meson dominance and a derivative expansion of nucleon couplings to the electromagnetic fields. At lowest order in the expansion, it is possible to fit all four parameters to modem data on the rms radii of the nucleon form factors. At next-to-leading order it is possible to fit the form factors to within a few percent up to momentum transfers of 600 MeV. The vector meson dominance contributions are crucial in this fit, because a simple expansion in powers of momentum transfer would require many terms to achieve comparable accuracy. The ability to fit single-nucleon form factors up to 600 MeV momentum transfer makes possible the study of two-body electromagnetic exchange currents within this effective field theory framework.
Star Formation in Interacting Galaxies

This brief review emphasizes the wide range of environments where interaction induced star formation occurs. In these environments we can study the numerous elaborations of a few basic physical processes, including: gravitational instability, accretion and large-scale shocks.
Thermal conductivity, anisotropy, and interface resistances of diamond on poly-AlN

Due to their high thermal conductivity, diamond substrates are seen as a way to minimize the thermal resistance present in High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) structures based on GaN. Single-crystal AlN transition layers facilitate the growth of high quality GaN on diamond, but such layers may increase the total thermal resistance of the composite substrate. This manuscript measures the thermal conductivity and interface resistance of a 1.4 µm diamond film on a polycrystalline AlN substrate using picosecond time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and nanosecond thermoreflectance. Varying beam widths are used to extract the thermal conductivity anisotropy of the diamond film.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation of Estrogen Receptor α-Mediated Gene Regulation by a Multimeric Chromatin Complex Involving the Two Receptors and the Coregulator RIP140

Although crosstalk between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) is well established, the mechanistic basis and involvement of other proteins in this process are not known. Because we observed an enrichment of AhR-binding motifs in ERα-binding sites of many estradiol (E2)-regulated genes, we investigated how AhR might modulate ERα-mediated gene transcription in breast cancer cells. Gene regulations were categorized based on their pattern of stimulation by E2 and/or dioxin and were denoted E2-responsive, dioxin-responsive, or responsive to either ligand. ERα, AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor translocator, and receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) were recruited to gene regulatory regions in a gene-specific and E2/dioxin ligand-specific manner. Knockdown of AhR markedly increased the expression of ERα-mediated genes upon E2 treatment. This was not attributable to a change in ERα level, or recruitment of ERα, phosphoSer5-RNA Pol II, or several coregulators but rather was associated with greatly diminished recruitment of the coregulator RIP140 to gene regulatory sites. Changing the cellular level of RIP140 revealed coactivator or corepressor roles for this coregulator in E2- and dioxin-mediated gene regulation, the choice of which was determined by the presence or absence of ERα at gene regulatory sites. Coimmunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-reChIP studies documented that E2- or dioxin-promoted formation of a multimeric complex of ERα, AhR, and RIP140 at ERα-binding sites of genes regulated by either E2 or dioxin. Our findings highlight the importance of cross-regulation between AhR and ERα and a novel mechanism by which AhR controls, through modulating the recruitment of RIP140 to ERα-binding sites, the kinetics and magnitude of ERα-mediated gene stimulation.
The Idea of Moral Progress

This paper shows that moral progress is a substantive and plausible idea. Moral progress in belief involves deepening our grasp of existing moral concepts, while moral progress in practices involves realizing deepened moral understandings in behavior or social institutions. Moral insights could not be assimilated or widely disseminated if they involved devising and applying totally new moral concepts. Thus, it is argued, moral failures of past societies cannot be explained by appeal to ignorance of new moral ideas, but must be understood as resulting from refusals to subject social practices to critical scrutiny. Moral philosophy is not the main vehicle for disseminating morally progressive insights, though it has an important role in processes that lead to moral progress. Yet we have grounds for cautious optimism, since progressive moral insights can be disseminated and can, sometimes, have constructive social effects.
Sex and experience influence behavioral responses of adult rats to potentiated and nonpotentiated ultrasonic vocalizations of pups

Responsiveness of adult rodent caretakers to infant rodents is necessary for their survival and proper development. Both olfactory and auditory cues are known to influence adult behavior toward the young. In the present study, we found that adults respond differentially to a recording of potentiated vs. non-potentiated ultrasound vocalizations of a 12-day-old rat pup, either in the presence or absence of olfactory cues. The combination of olfactory and potentiated ultrasonic vocalization produced the greatest effect. Adult behavior was also affected by the adults’ sex and parental experience in an interaction. Parental experience of females made them more responsive to the type of ultrasonic vocalization; males were little affected. Female experience, of course, includes the hormonal changes due to pregnancy and lactational state. The results are consistent with a communicatory function for isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization.
Investigation into stress recovery behavior of shape memory polyurethane fiber

In this work, the stress recovery behavior of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) fiber was investigated. The as-spun SMPU fibers were subjected to various programing-recovery conditions. It was observed that recovering at 100 °C generated higher recovery stress than recovering at 150 °C. It was also found that, while hot-drawn programed fiber has higher recovery stress than cold-drawn programed fiber if recovered at 100 °C, cold-drawn programed fiber has higher stabilized recovery stress than hot-drawn programed counterpart when recovered at 150 °C. A morphological model was proposed based on the results from differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction to understand the physics behind the different stress recovery behaviors. It is found that SMPU experiences different phase transitions and phase separations under different programing and stress recovery conditions. It is concluded that the two sequential phase separations taking place at 100 and 150 °C are primarily responsible for the differences in the stress recovery behavior. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1429–1440
TIME-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF NEST SURVIVAL FOR DUCKS AND PASSERINES BREEDING IN NORTH DAKOTA

ABSTRACT. In many bird species, survival can vary with the age of the nest, with the date a nest was initiated, or among years within the same nesting area. A literature review showed that patterns of survival vary in relation to nest age and date and are often contradictory. Inconsistencies could be a result of temporal variation in the environment or life-history differences among species. We examined patterns of nest survival in relation to nest age, date, and year for several duck and passerine species nesting at a single location in North Dakota during 1998–2003. We predicted that if environment shaped nest survival patterns, then temporal patterns in survival might be similar among three species of upland nesting ducks, and also among three species of grassland passerines nesting at the same site. We expected that survival patterns would differ between ducks and passerines because of relatively disparate life histories and differences in predators that prey on their nests. Nest survival was rarely c...
RNA-Seq and find: entering the RNA deep field

Initial high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments have revealed a complex and dynamic transcriptome, but because it samples transcripts in proportion to their abundances, assessing the extent and nature of low-level transcription using this technique has been difficult. A new assay, RNA CaptureSeq, addresses this limitation of RNA-Seq by enriching for low-level transcripts with cDNA tiling arrays prior to high-throughput sequencing. This approach reveals a plethora of transcripts that have been previously dismissed as 'noise', and hints at single-cell transcription fingerprints that may be crucial in defining cellular function in normal and disease states.
Fractality and the Percolation Transition in Complex Networks

Abstract In this work we study the percolation phase transition of a family of scale-free networks previously introduced to explain the emergence of fractality and self-similarity in complex networks. This model introduces a parameter, e , that allows for tuning the level of fractality in the network. When e = 0 the network is a pure fractal, when e = 1 it is a pure small-world network. We examine link percolation for several intermediate values of e ( 0 ⩽ e ⩽ 1 ), and find that the transition follows a continuous function of e that converges to exactly 0 when the network exhibits the small-world property.
A technique for management of inaccessible coarctation of the aorta.

Inaccessible coarctation of the aorta can cause difficulties in management. We solved the problem in one instance by construction of a large bypass graft. A 46-year-old woman with symptomatic coarctation of the aorta was subjected to a left thoracotomy, but the stenotic segment could not be reached because of an obliterated fibrothorax. At a later date, through a median sternotomy, a bypass graft was constructed from the ascending aorta to the infrarenal abdominal aorta. She has remained normotensive and well for more than 1 year postoperatively. This procedure should be considered in problem cases of coarctation of the aorta.
Two-dimensional spin-imbalanced Fermi gases at nonzero temperature: Phase separation of a noncondensate

We study a trapped two-dimensional (2D) spin-imbalanced Fermi gas over a range of temperatures. In the moderate-temperature regime, associated with current experiments, we find reasonable semiquantitative agreement with the measured density profiles as functions of varying spin imbalance and interaction strength. Our calculations show that, in contrast to the three-dimensional case, the phase separation which appears as a spin-balanced core can be associated with noncondensed fermion pairs. To shed light on the nature of 2D quasicondensation we compute the momentum, $q$, distribution of pairs, called ${n}_{B}(\mathbf{q})$; a pronounced low momentum peak is found, but importantly there is no macroscopic condensate. Following the protocols of Jochim and collaborators, we compute the characteristic temperature at which this peak disappears, thus providing a phase diagram for a quasicondensation onset temperature in the polarized case. Additional information about ${n}_{B}(\mathbf{q})$ is reflected in the behavior of the density profiles when the trap is removed. We show how quasicondensed bosons have a distinctive signature; they evolve relatively slowly under time of flight.
Measles epidemic in Taizhou City in the first half year of 2011

Objective To investigate the characteristics of measles epidemic in Taizhou City in the first half year of 2011.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze measles prevalence.Results A total of 313 suspected measles cases were reported in the first half year of 2011,106(17.99/1 000 000) of which were confirmed cases,the confirmed cases increased by 39.47% compared with 76 cases of 2010,showing a high incidence level.Peak incidence occurred earlier than in 2010.The ratio of male to female patients was 1.79:1,age concentrated on children ≤1 year and adults ≥ 25 years;with unknown or without history of measles vaccination;45.28% of measles cases were healthcare-associated infection.Conclusion The incidence of measles in the first half year of 2011 was higher than that during the same period of 2010,it is necessary to strengthen routine immunization(Expanded Programme on Immunization) and supplementary immunization for small age children and adults over 25 years old.
Task Assistant: Personalized Task Management for Military Environments

We describe an AI-enhanced task management tool developed for a military environment, which differs from office environments in important ways: differing time scales, a focus on teams collaborating on tasks instead of an individual managing her own set of diverse tasks, and a focus on tasklists and standard operating procedures instead of individual tasks. We discuss the Task Assistant prototype, our process for adapting it from an office environment to a military one, and lessons learned about developing AI technology for a high-pressure operational environment.
A Modified Method of Characteristics for Transport of Nuclear-Waste Contamination in Porous Media

A system of transport-dominated parabolic equations is used to model the transport of contamination by nuclear waste in porous media. The transport of brine, radionuclides, and heat are treated by a combination of a modified method of characteristics. The time-stepping along characteristics of the advection part of the flow allows the use of large time-steps in a stable and accurate fashion. If there is associated multiphase flow and nonconvex flux terms, the operator splitting is more complex and Petrov-Galerkin methods or other upstream weighting techniques must be used for stability.
The empirical investigation

In the preceding chapter, we have developed and described the model intended for use in the empirical analysis. In this chapter we will discuss the data employed to estimate the model, related data and estimation problems, and finally the empirical results.
How We Think (Deeply but with Limits) about Quality of Life

All human beings age, and it seems intuitive to claim that they wish to do so wisely and with a high quality of life. Yet, wisdom and quality of life are problematic concepts. Despite attempts to develop some objective, quantifiable measures, both concepts have an ineluctably subjective element. But however difficult it is to deal with these concepts with scientific precision, they are nonetheless essential to human beings of all ages and, over the past decade, there have been renewed attempts in various fields to bring them into scientific and scholarly discourse. Quality of life has emerged as a major topic in gerontology, only recently, though integrating the concept into clinical practice and public policy has been challenging. Wisdom has been in decline in academics for decades, though works have appeared over the last decade in psychology, (Sternberg 1990) philosophy, (Lehrer 1996) and management (Srivastva and Cooperrider 1998) calling for a renewal of wisdom as a central concept. This paper examines the complex relationship between aging, wisdom, and quality of life, offering a framework for an integrative model. Suffering and loss, which can threaten quality of life in old age, can also be essential for the development of wisdom. Wisdom in turn may be the foundation for experiencing a renewed quality of life as we age.
Molecular imaging identifies inflammatory cytokine-mediated alterations in renal tubular excretion in vivo

89 Objectives Various 99mTc complexes are excreted from cells by the MRP2 transporter, which is regulated by inflammatory cytokines. This study sought to determine whether 99mTc-MAG3 imaging could identify effects of the inflammatory cytokines human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) & interleukin-6 (IL-6) on renal tubular excretion. Methods Eleven F-344 rats were divided into 3 groups: Controls (n=3), TNF-α treated (n=4), & IL-6 treated (n=4). TNF-α (15µg/kg) & IL-6 (4µg/kg) were injected via tail vein 3 hrs before 99mTc-MAG3 scintigraphy. Data were acquired on a gamma camera equipped with a low energy high resolution parallel-hole collimator using 2.19 zoom factor. Beginning immediately after radiopharmaceutical injection, 10-sec dorsal images were acquired for 30 min using 128X128X16 matrixes. Data were analyzed on a standard clinical Nuclear Medicine workstation. Regions of interest were drawn over kidneys to obtain time-activity curves. The time to peak kidney activity (Tpeak) & per cent of Tpeak 99mTc-MAG3 activity remaining in the kidneys 30 min post injection (R30) were determined. Results Tpeak of 99mTc-MAG3 activity was different among the 3 groups (ANOVA p = 0.001): Tpeak was delayed in IL-6 group versus Controls (6.8±3.4 min versus 1.5±0.4 min, p = 0.003). Also, Tpeak was delayed in TNF-α group versus both Controls and IL-6 group (14.7±8.0 min, p Conclusions These data indicate that inflammatory cytokines affect renal clearance of 99mTc-MAG3, significantly delaying both uptake and clearance of this radiopharmaceutical. The ability of 99mTc-MAG3 imaging to demonstrate MRP2 activity suggests a role for molecular imaging in the identification and monitoring of renal inflammation in health and disease.
Employers Can Do Youth Development Too

Professionals and volunteers who care about the welfare of young people know the importance of caring adults. The field has worked with all types of adults, including parents, teachers, and youth workers to enhance their understanding of youth development philosophy, approaches and practices. However, we’ve virtually ignored an entire sector of adults who play a major role in the lives of young people—employers. Given the large number of youth in the workforce, and understanding the critical role of caring adults, the question becomes, “how do we focus attention on preparing employers and other workplace adults to be more thoughtful and intentional about their interactions with young people?” The objective of this paper is to lay out the relevant issues and to begin the dialogue about building the capacity of employers to better support the development of our young people.
Changes in electromechanical delay during fatiguing dynamic muscle actions.

Introduction The onsets of the electromyographic (EMG) signal, mechanomyographic (MMG) signal, and force production were used to identify voluntary electromechanical delay (EMD) during maximal and submaximal leg extensions. Methods Twelve men performed 30% 1-repetition-maximum concentric, dynamic constant external resistance leg extensions to failure. The time periods for the onsets of EMG to MMG (EMDE-M ), MMG to force (EMDM-F ), and EMG to force (EMDE-F ) were assessed before, during, and after testing. Results Pretest vs. posttest assessments indicated approximately equal contributions from excitation-contraction coupling (EMDE-M ) and series elastic component (EMDM-F ) to the overall EMDE-F . During the workbout, excitation-contraction coupling failure and increases in the compliance of the series elastic component began at 40% and 30% of the repetitions to failure, respectively, and continued to failure. Conclusions Increases in the series elastic component (EMDM-F ) began to affect EMDE-F before excitation-contraction coupling failure (EMDE-M ), and both contributed to EMDE-F throughout the remainder of the fatiguing workbout. Muscle Nerve 56: 315-320, 2017.
Approaching Human Rights Law Philosophically: Reflections on Allen Buchanan, The Heart of Human Rights

I begin by summarizing some of the main features of Buchanan’s account. I argue next that his account gets no support from defeating his envisaged opponent, the Mirroring View of human rights. Then I discuss some general ideas about the concept and different conceptions of human rights before introducing my own conception and explaining why I think it has certain advantages over Buchanan’s. In particular, my account is better suited for the intellectual engagement with China that philosophers should contribute to and whose centrality Buchanan recognizes.
Differences in Glycoprotein Complex Receptor Binding Site Accessibility Prompt Poor Cross-Reactivity of Neutralizing Antibodies between Closely Related Arenaviruses.

The glycoprotein complex (GPC) of arenaviruses, composed of stable signal peptide, GP1, and GP2, is the only antigen correlated with antibody-mediated neutralization. However, despite strong cross-reactivity of convalescent antisera between related arenavirus species, weak or no cross-neutralization occurs. Two closely related clade B viruses, Machupo virus (MACV) and Junin virus (JUNV), have nearly identical overall GPC architecture and share a host receptor, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). Given structural and functional similarities of the GP1 receptor binding site (RBS) of these viruses and the recent demonstration that the RBS is an important target for neutralizing antibodies, it is not clear how these viruses avoid cross-neutralization. To address this, MACV/JUNV chimeric GPCs were assessed for interaction with a group of α-JUNV GPC monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and mouse antisera against JUNV or MACV GPC. All six MAbs targeted GP1, with those that neutralized JUNV GPC-pseudovirions competing with each other for RBS binding. However, these MAbs were unable to bind to a chimeric GPC composed of JUNV GP1 containing a small disulfide bonded loop (loop 10) unique to MACV GPC, suggesting that this loop may block MAbs interaction with the GP1 RBS. Consistent with this loop causing interference, mouse anti-JUNV GPC antisera that solely neutralized pseudovirions bearing autologous GP1 provided enhanced neutralization of MACV GPC when this loop was removed. Our studies provide evidence that loop 10, which is unique to MACV GP1, is an important impediment to binding of neutralizing antibodies and contributes to the poor cross-neutralization of α-JUNV antisera against MACV.IMPORTANCE Multiple New World arenaviruses can cause severe disease in humans, and some geographic overlap exists among these viruses. A vaccine that protects against a broad range of New World arenaviruses is desirable for purposes of simplicity, cost, and broad protection against multiple National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease-assigned category A priority pathogens. In this study, we sought to better understand how closely related arenaviruses elude cross-species neutralization by investigating the structural bases of antibody binding and avoidance. In our studies, we found that neutralizing antibodies against two New World arenaviruses, Machupo virus (MACV) and Junin virus (JUNV), bound to the envelope glycoprotein 1 (GP1) with JUNV monoclonal antibodies targeting the receptor binding site (RBS). We further show that altered structures surrounding the RBS pocket in MACV GP1 impede access of JUNV-elicited antibodies.
Prosody and Spoken Word Recognition in Early and Late Spanish–English Bilingual Individuals

Purpose This study was conducted to compare the influence of word properties on gated single-word recognition in monolingual and bilingual individuals under conditions of native and nonnative accen...
Mental Health Service Utilization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning or Queer College Students.

Abstract Purpose College students are at high risk for mental health problems, yet many do not receive treatment even when services are available. Treatment needs may be even higher among sexual minority students, but little is known about how these students differ from heterosexual peers in terms of mental health needs and service utilization. Methods A total of 33,220 California college students completed an online survey on mental health needs (e.g., current serious psychological distress and mental health–related academic impairment) and service utilization. Using logistic regressions, we examined differences in student characteristics, mental health service use, and perceived barriers to using on-campus services by sexual minority status. Results Approximately 7% of students self-identified as sexual minorities. Compared with heterosexual students, sexual minority students endorsed higher rates of psychological distress (18% vs. 26%, p p Conclusions Sexual minority individuals represent a sizeable minority of college students; these students use mental health services at higher rates than heterosexual peers but have high rates of unmet treatment need. Efforts to address commonly reported barriers to on-campus service use, foster sexual minority-affirmative campus environments, and promote awareness of campus services may help reduce unmet treatment need in this population.
Design of Menus

Publisher Summary A menu is defined as a set of options, displayed on the screen, where the selection and execution of one, or more, of the options results in a change in the state of the interface. It is useful to consider the prototypical characteristics of a menu-driven interface. Menu panels usually consist of a list options. The options may consist of words or icons. The word or icon is not an arbitrary symbol but conveys some information about the consequences of selecting that option. The total set of options is usually distributed over many different menu panels that allow the system to prompt the user with options that are likely to be useful and to hide options that are unlikely or illegal. However, layering the options across many menu panels also requires the user to be able to navigate among panels in order to find options that are not available on the current panel. This brief description of a prototypical menu-driven interface highlights the fundamental issues of menu design that is discussed in this chapter. That is, how can designers choose good names (icons or descriptors) for options, how should the options be organized within and among panels, and which selection technique should be implemented.
Parasitic Layer-Based Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Communications

The design, prototyping, and characterization of a radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna (RA) targeting 5G communications are presented. The RA is based on a reconfigurable parasitic layer technique in which a driven dipole antenna is located along the central axis of a 3-D parasitic layer structure enclosing it. The reconfigurable parasitic structure is similar to a hexagonal prism, where the top/bottom bases are formed by a hexagonal domed structure. The surfaces of the parasitic structure house electrically small metallic pixels with various geometries. The adjacent pixels are connected by PIN diode switches to change the geometry of the parasitic surface, thus providing reconfigurability in the radiation pattern. This RA is designed to operate over a 4.8–5.2 GHz frequency band, producing various radiation patterns with a beam-steering capability in both the azimuth ( $0 {^{\circ }} ) and elevation planes ( $-18 {^{\circ }} ). Small-cell access points equipped with RAs are used to investigate the system level performances for 5G heterogeneous networks. The results show that using distributed mode optimization, RA equipped small-cell systems could provide up to 29% capacity gains and 13% coverage improvements as compared to legacy omnidirectional antenna equipped systems.
Prostate organoids: Directed differentiation from embryonic stem cells

Abstract It has long been believed that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer involve reawakening of the prostate glands embryonic growth potential, and reactivation of its developmental programmes. An understanding of the molecular details of these processes, in normal development and in disease, requires robust developmental models for the human system. Towards that goal, we describe the step-wise differentiation of prostatic organoids from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in a three-dimensional system. To generate prostate organoids, hESCs are driven into FOXA2 + /Brachyury + definitive endoderm and Brachyury + mesoderm by treatment with activin A for three days. The differentiated cells are then cultured with WNT10B and FGF10 for four consecutive days to direct them into prostatic fate determination. During this step, three-dimensional bud-like structures arise from the monolayer attached to the culture dish. These three-dimensional structures are patterned into prostate organoids by further culture in Matrigel for 20–30 days, with prostate-specific medium. The organoids derived from hESCs exhibit comparable architecture and functional properties to those found in the human prostate. So far, this is the only method for the directed differentiation of hESCs into human prostate tissues in vitro.
Heat shock factor 1 determines the phenotype of tumor associated macrophages

Heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) is an important regulator of oncogenes, affecting both pathogenesis and prognosis of human cancer. However, it is not currently known how HSF-1 can modulate immune response in cancer progression. In the present work, using mouse B-cell lymphoma tumor model, we report that HSF-1 ablation (+/- or -/-) of hosts enhances pro-inflammatory response by altering macrophage phenotypes at tumor site, and it inhibits lymphoma tumor xenograft growth. Even though high abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and increased CCl2 in peripheral circulation were found in HSF-1-/- hosts, CD31+ expression was low in these tumors indicating reduced angiogenesis. Furthermore, in HSF-1-/- mice grown tumors, TAMs showed very low CD206+ mannose receptor (MR), which is a hallmark of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) phenotype, expression suggesting that TAMs, present in HSF-1-/- hosts tumor microenvironment, exhibit pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Also, an increased plasma level IL-6 and IgA, higher cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in spleenocytes, and higher IFN-g were observed in tumor bearing HSF-1-/- mice. Our in-vitro assay indicated that addition of HSF-1-/- sera induced caspase-independent lymphoma tumor cell death (involving a distinct 55kD PARP-1 catalytic domain cleavage and 75kD fragment in TOPO I) and increased lysosomal enzyme activity, as measured by CD40L in tumor bearing HSF-1-/- mice plasma. Taken together, our results establish that HSF-1 is a critical determinant in TAM polarization and tumor immunity, and its repression could enhance innate immunity and immune surveillance against lymphoma tumor growth. Therefore, HSF-1 is a major determinant in TAM polarization, and it is a potential target for lymphoma treatment.
Stigmergy for Biological Spatial Modeling

Complex adaptive systems can be characterized as systems that are comprised of groups of agents following simple rules that, collectively, produce emergent, complex behavior. The key to these emergent properties are the interactions—the exchanges of information—between the agents. Many biological systems can be studied using a complex adaptive systems approach, such as colonies of bees or ants. In some of these biological systems, the communication between individual agents is indirect. This type of communication is termed stimergy: a relatively small amount of information being shared through the environment, rather than directly from agent to agent. This information is nonetheless crucial to the self-organizing properties of the system, and is used by the agents to inform decision making, such as when ants follow a trail of pheromones left by other ants. In this chapter we describe computer simulations of two such systems, created and used to conduct experiments on various types of stimergy: collaboration within a predator-prey system, and angiogenesis in cancer growth. The first utilizes a cellular automata model, and the second a multiscale agent-based model. Further, this paper defines various options of communications for these simulations, and examines the use of similar communication paradigms in these two different types of models. Results support that stigmergy can be adapted to a variety of situations. Also, that awareness of the speed of algorithmic decisions can increase its usefulness in biological modeling. These ideas can be adapted to many other modeling situations other than the classic examples of self-organization like bees or ants.
Mixed Nut Consumption May Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults

Emerging research indicates that nuts are a source of health-promoting compounds demonstrating cardioprotective benefits. However, most studies have assessed the effect of single nuts rather than a nut mixture. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine the effect of mixed-nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese adults. In a randomized, parallel-arm, controlled trial, 48 participants consumed isocaloric (250 kcal) amounts of pretzels or mixed-nuts. Body weight (BW) (p = 0.024), BMI (p = 0.043), and insulin levels (p = 0.032) were significantly lower in the nut group compared to the pretzel group. Mixed-nut consumption also significantly reduced glucose (p = 0.04) and insulin (p = 0.032) levels after 4 and 8 weeks compared to baseline, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase of the nut group was significantly lower than the pretzel group (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected between groups for triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C. However, pretzel consumption increased triglycerides (p = 0.048) from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. Moreover, LDL-C increased (p = 0.038) while HDL-C transiently decreased (p = 0.044) from baseline to 4 weeks. No significant lipid changes were detected within the nut group. Our results suggest that supplementing the diet with mixed-nuts could improve CVD risk factors by improving BW and glucose regulation in comparison to a common carbohydrate-rich snack without promoting the negative effects on lipids detected with pretzels.
“When the Hell Are You Going to Grow Up?”: a Life-Course Account of Hybrid Masculinities Among Incarcerated Men

Recent life-course scholarship has argued that desistance from (rather than persistence in) crime is a marker of adulthood. In this article, I argue that a commitment to desistance is only one of many elements of the participants’ sense of adult masculinity, which is best understood by drawing on theoretical literature on “hybrid masculinities.” By linking life-course criminological literature with recent theoretical advancements in the sociology of gender, I connect two important, but as yet independent, strands of research. Using the grounded theory approach to qualitative research, I performed inductive analyses of 24 in-depth interviews with adult men incarcerated at a state-run facility in the Northeastern USA. I argue that the participants construct hybrid masculinities that combine conventionally masculine traits (such as being a provider and protector) with conventionally feminine traits (such as loyalty, humility, and emotional expressiveness). These hybrid masculinities manifest through the participants’ reliance on intangible markers of adulthood, and they emerge gradually over the men’s life course. I further argue that the disruptions that incarceration poses to the men’s life course impede their ability to realize their hybrid masculinities fully. The current research contributes to the burgeoning literature that attempts to correct the oversimplified portrayal of incarcerated men as singularly hypermasculine, and it also highlights how incarceration disrupts men’s life course, making it difficult for them to be the “hybrid” men that they wish to be.
Influence of Fines Contents on Soil Liquefaction Resistance in Cyclic Triaxial Test

Liquefaction is the most detrimental ground failure caused by strong earthquakes. Ground liquefaction leads to associated foundation and superstructure failures due to loss of bearing capacity and excessive deformation. An appropriate assessment of liquefaction is critical to the seismic safety evaluation of foundations and super structures. In this study, a series number of isotropically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial test have been performed to evaluate influence of fines contents on soil liquefaction resistance. A total of 96 cyclic triaxial test was run on the uniform medium Monterey No. 0/30 sand with six different percentages of fine content. A total of 198 cyclic triaxial test was performed on the uniform medium concrete sand with five different percentages of fine content. Four different relative densities of 30%, 45%, 50% and 60%, two confining pressure of 103kpa and 207 kpa, six stress ratios (0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45) have been used for series of cyclic triaxial tests on two different soil types. Laboratory cyclic triaxial tests were conducted systematically to produce liquefaction potential curves.At a constant overall void ratio and PI, the increase in fines content up to 12% in the clean sand causes a decrease in liquefaction resistance. Beyond 20%, the further increases in fines content results in increase in liquefaction resistance. The threshold fines content, which is in the range of 12–20%, observed from nearly 300 of laboratory test results in this study. Statistical analyses were performed to formulate functional relationships for predicting liquefaction resistance of soils containing fines. For evaluating liquefaction potential for soils containing fines content, soil with 12–20% of fines content should be paid more attention.
Embattled Freedom: Journeys through the Civil War's Slave Refugee Camps

Review of: Embattled Freedom: Journeys through the Civil War’s Slave Refugee Camps, by Amy Murrell Taylor.
The Impact of Premature Menopause on Future Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women in the USA. Recent multi-society guideline updates endorse using a history of premature menopause, defined as occurring before age 40 years, as a risk-enhancing factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment in women. Here, we review recent literature on cardiovascular disease risk in women with premature menopause, possible mechanisms linking premature menopause to cardiovascular disease, and the role of menopausal hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. Large cohort studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated significant associations between premature menopause and development of diverse cardiovascular diseases. In addition to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, recent studies have noted accelerated development of valvular heart disease and venous thromboembolism. Surgical premature menopause may be associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease compared with natural premature menopause; further research to clarify differential risk and relevant underlying mechanisms is needed. Although the cardiovascular risks of menopausal hormone therapy appear largely restricted to women over age 60 years and more than 10 years post-menopause, data do not demonstrate convincing cardiovascular protective benefit in any age group. Premature menopause is associated with elevated future risk of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Further studies are needed to further elucidate mechanisms and identify novel preventive strategies.
Impact of Complying With Lung Protective Tidal Volumes on Patient Outcomes

Background: Evidence exists that lung protective ventilation (LPV) reduces mortality1, compliance with LPV affects mortality2 and major centers struggle complying with LPV2. We have had ongoing efforts to increase compliance with LPV at our health system. Our efforts focus on 8 mL/kg for all adult patients and 4 to 6 mL/kg for ARDS patients. We wanted to determine what percentage of our patients were never exposed to > 8. 25 mL/kg and the outcomes associated with being 100% compliant with LPV. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for all ventilator patients in our adult ICUs since January 2015. We collected tidal volume, height and gender of patients on volume ventilation. For each patient-ventilator assessment on volume ventilation, ideal body weight and tidal volume in mL/kg was calculated. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1: 100% compliant with LPV, defined as ALL exhaled tidal volumes during volume ventilation Results: 7,034 ventilator patients had volume ventilation at sometime while mechanically ventilated (2,062-Cardiac ICU, 2,536-Medical ICU, 954-Neuro ICU, 1,482-Surgical ICU). Group 1 Data: n=4,610 (66%), mortality=17.2%, home discharge=45.2%. Group 2 Data: n=2,424 (34%) mortality=18.9%, home discharge=28.9%. Outcomes were significantly different (P Conclusions: Complying with LPV is associated with lower mortality, higher percentages of discharges home and less discharges to other facilities after the acute hospitalization across all adult ICU9s. To have maximum positive impact for patients, mechanisms such as education, dashboards, electronic indicators and automatic protocols that promote LPV on all patients all of the time should be maximized. 1. N Engl J Medicine 2000;342(18):1301-1308. 2. Br Med J 2012;344:e2124.
Recent Advances in the Development of Catalytic Methods that Construct Medium-ring Lactams, Partially Saturated Benzazepines and their Derivatives.

Recent catalytic methods to construct medium-sized lactams­ and partially saturated benzazepines and their derivatives are surveyed. The review is divided into the following sections: 1 Introduction 2 Non-Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions 2.1 Beckmann Rearrangement 2.2 Non-Beckmann Rearrangement Reactions 2.3 Multicomponent reactions 3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions 3.1 Gold-Catalyzed Reactions to Access Medium-Sized N-Hetero­cycles 3.2 Reactions Involving a Metal η3-Complex Catalytic Intermediate 3.3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Strained Cycloalkanes 4 Conclusions
Beyond DADT Repeal: Transgender Evolution within the US Military

We present a case study that investigated the effects of an open gender transition within a US military organization. The research subject, a retired military officer and civil servant, made a gender transition while remaining in the same job with the same chain of command and within the same organization. Using interview data, we analyze the effect of how an open gender transition impacted an active-duty military unit.
Phonological Measures for Bilingual Spanish-English–Speaking Preschoolers: The Language Combination Effect

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of traditional measures of phonological ability developed for monolingual English-speaking children with their bilingual pee...
Aggregate Demand: Setting the Stage for Demand-Side Stabilization

This chapter marks the first step toward the construction of the ISLM/ADAS model which will power macroeconomic analyses in the chapters to come. At this stage we have completed an intuitive overview of the broad links between global capital flows, fiscal, and trade imbalances, and their effects on interest rates and exchange rates.
Output tracking control of nonminimum phase systems via causal inversion

This paper introduces a new design procedure for output tracking control of nonminimum phase systems. This new controller achieves stable /spl epsi/-tracking of a reference profile given in real time via a causal inversion approach. In contrast to stable inversion, the causal inversion approach does not require precalculation. In contrast to nonlinear regulation, the causal inversion approach avoids the numerical intractability of solving nonlinear PDEs and transient errors are significantly smaller. As an example, a causal inversion-based controller is designed for tip trajectory tracking of a one-link flexible manipulator. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness in output tracking.
Finishing Steers in a Deep-bedded Hoop Barn and a Conventional Feedlot: Effects on Performance and Carcass Characteristics during Winter in Iowa

As the Iowa beef industry invests in environmental management, there has been increasing interest in systems that minimize runoff. A possible housing option used previously for pigs and sheep to help mitigate some of these environmental concerns are hoops. The objective of this study was to compare steer performance and carcass characteristics between two housing treatments; hoop confinement barn (HP n=3; 4.65m 2 /steer) vs. conventional feedlot (FD n=3; 14.7m 2 /steer). A total of 240 crossbred Bos taurus steers were used. Steers were ear tagged, implanted, and weighed (400 ± 23.38 kg) on arrival and allotted to balance weight and breed. Performance measures; average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were collected over the trial. Carcass characteristics; dressing percentage, hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth over the 12 rd rib, kidney pelvic and heart fat (KPH), ribeye area (REA), marbling score, quality grade, and USDA yield grade were collected at processing by the packing plant. ADG, ADFI and F:G did not differ (P > 0.05) between housing treatments. Dressing percentage (P = 0.02) and HCW (P = 0.01) were higher for HP steers vs. FD steers between housing treatments. All other carcass characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05) between housing treatments. Therefore, housing steers in a hoop does not result in detrimental alterations in either performance or carcass characteristics when compared to steers in a conventional feedlot.
Dynamic framing in the communication of scientific research: Texts and interactions

The fields of science education and science communication share the overarching goal of helping non-experts and non-members of the professional science community develop knowledge of the content and processes of scientific research. However, the specific audiences, methods, and aims employed in the two fields have evolved quite differently and as a result, the two fields rarely share findings and theory. Despite this lack of crosstalk, one theoretical construct—framing—has shown substantial analytic power for researchers in both fields. Specifically, both fields have productively made use of the fact that when people approach situations or texts in the world, they do so with a sense of “what is going on here” that guides their actions and sense-making in that situation. In this article, we examine the dynamics of how interactions between scientists, reporters, members of the general public, and various texts give rise to in-the-moment frames that shape each actors interpretation of scientific research. In doing so we couple science communication literature's focus on framings within and across texts with science education's focus on dynamic framing in interactions. We present a case study that follows a single piece of scientific research from scientist to reporter to the general public. Through semi-structured clinical interviews, video-based observation, and qualitative content analysis, we demonstrate that changes in science knowledge as it moves along the pathways of science communication are the aggregate result of dynamic moment-to-moment framings dispersed over people and interactions. The complexity and nuance of the story presented here have implications for how each field—science communication and science education—conceptualizes the process by which the public comes to knowledge of science.