cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bibliography of Music History Pedagogy

The field of music history pedagogy has a rich history of discourse dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Numerous journals, dissertations, essay collections, and conference proceedings of professional associations have provided space for music history pedagogy scholarship. This article provides a comprehensive bibliography of the field, bringing together all of the available scholarship and discourse related to American music history pedagogy. The bibliography concludes with a list of presentations given at the 2011, 2012, and 2014 Teaching Music History conferences.
A Computer Environment for Writing Ordinary Mathematical Proofs

The EPGY Theorem-Proving Environment is designed to help students write ordinary mathematical proofs. The system, used in a selection of computer-based proof-intensive mathematics courses, allows students to easily input mathematical expressions, apply proof strategies, verify logical inference, and apply mathematical rules. Each course has its own language, database of theorems, and mathematical inference rules. The main goal of the project is to create a system that imitates standard mathematical practice in the sense that it allows for natural modes of reasoning to generate proofs that look much like ordinary textbook proofs. Additionally, the system can be applied to an unlimited number of proof exercises.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Hydroxylysine-linked Disaccharide Unit of Basement Membranes and Collagens III. TISSUE AND SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES AND THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS CONDITIONS ON THE ENZYME LEVELS

Abstract The tissue distribution in the rat of the glucosyl- and galactosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the hydroxylysine-linked disaccharide (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-galactose) and monosaccharide (galactose) units has been investigated. High levels of these enzymes have been found in tissues rich in collagen and basement membranes, including cartilage, uterus, skin, spleen, lung, kidney cortex, and thyroid. Low levels were present in liver, while brain and heart were almost devoid of these enzymes. The relative amounts of these two glycosyltransferases varied, with cartilage, skin, spleen, and lung having similar levels of the two enzymes, while in kidney, thyroid, and uterus there was more of the glucosyl-than the galactosyltransferase. The two enzymes could be purified from cartilage by Bio-Gel A-1.5m filtration in a manner similar to that previously used for the kidney cortex. The activity of the two glycosyltransferases varied with age in a parallel manner, reaching a maximum at about 9 days after birth, and falling off thereafter to reach levels of about 10% of the maximum in the mature animals. A marked increase in the level of the glucosyltransferase of the uterus was observed in pregnancy, with a doubling of the specific activity and a 16-fold increase in the total activity. The enzyme decreased toward normal in the postpartum state. Measurement of the glucosyltransferase in the renal cortex of alloxan diabetic rats indicated a highly significant increase in activity over age-matched normals, and was believed to reflect an increased synthesis of basement membrane in the diabetic kidney. Differential centrifugation of kidney cortex homogenates in buffered sucrose indicated that both the glucosyl- and galactosyltransferase were present primarily in a rapidly sedimenting particle fraction (650 and 2000 x g), as well as in the high speed supernatant (100,000 x g). The amount of enzyme in the supernatant varied with the medium used for homogenization.
Detecting learning moment-by-moment

Intelligent tutors have become increasingly accurate at detecting whether a student knows a skill, or knowledge component (KC), at a given time. However, current student models do not tell us exactly at which point a KC is learned. In this paper, we present a machine-learned model that assesses the probability that a student learned a KC at a specific problem step (instead of at the next or previous problem step). We use this model to analyze which KCs are learned gradually, and which are learned in "eureka" moments. We also discuss potential ways that this model could be used to improve the effectiveness of cognitive mastery learning.
Effect of fibrous septa in radiofrequency heating of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues: computational study.

Background and Objectives Radiofrequency (RF) energy exposure is a popular non-invasive method for generating heat within cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. Subcutaneous fat consists of fine collagen fibrous septa meshed with clusters of adipocytes having distinct structural, electrical and thermal properties that affect the distribution and deposition of RF energy. The objectives of this work are to (i) determine the electric and thermal effects of the fibrous septa in the RF heating; (ii) investigate the RF heating of individual fat lobules enclosed by fibrous septa; and, (iii) discuss the clinical implications. Methods and Results We used the finite element method to model the two-dimensional, time-dependent, electro-thermal response of a three-layer tissue (skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle). We considered two different configurations of subcutaneous fat tissue: a homogenous layer of fat only and a honeycomb-like layer of fat with septa. Architecture of the fibrous septa was anatomically accurate, constructed from sagittal images from human micro-MRI. For a large electrode applied to the skin surface, results show that the absorbed electric power density is greater in some septa than in the surrounding fat lobules, favoring the flux of electric current density. Fibers aligned parallel to the electric field have higher electric flux and, consequently, absorb more power. Heat transfer from the septa occurs over time during and after RF energy delivery. There is a greater temperature rise in fat with fibrous septa. Conclusions The presence of septa affects the local distribution of the static electric field, facilitates the flux of electric current and enhances the bulk electric power absorption of the subcutaneous fat layer. Fibrous septa aligned with the local electric field have higher absorbed power density than septa oriented perpendicular to the electric field. Individual fat lobules gain heat instantly by local power absorption and, eventually, by diffusion from the surrounding septa. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:326–338, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A mRNAs: Co-Localized and Their Expression Levels Altered in the Postmortem Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Major Psychiatric Disorders

Objective:CHRNA7, coding α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), is involved in cognition through interneuron modulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling. CHRNA7 and its partially duplicated chimeric gene CHRFAM7A have been implicated in schizophrenia through linkage and association studies.Method:Expression of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A mRNA was measured in the postmortem prefrontal cortex in more than 700 subjects, including patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and normal comparison subjects. The effects of antipsychotics and nicotine, as well as associations of CHRNA7 SNPs with gene expression, were explored. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization was used to examine coexpression of both transcripts in the human cortex.Results:CHRFAM7A expression and CHRFAM7A/CHRNA7 ratios were higher in fetal compared with postnatal life, whereas CHRNA7 expression was relatively stable. CHRFAM7A expression was significantly elevated in all diagnostic groups, while CHRNA7 expression was redu...
Are there secondary effects on marijuana use from brief alcohol interventions for college students

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether brief motivational interventions (BMIs) designed for reducing heavy drinking among college students have secondary effects on reducing marijuana use. METHOD: The data came from Project INTEGRATE, which combined data from 24 independent trials of BMIs and other individual-focused interventions designed to reduce heavy drinking and related problems among college students. We analyzed data from 10 samples across nine studies that used random assignment of participants into either a BMI or a control group and assessed marijuana use outcomes (N = 6,768; 41.5% men; 73.2% White; 57.7% first-year students; 19.2% current marijuana users at baseline). We derived three marijuana use groups within studies by cross-tabulating baseline and follow-up data: Nonusers, Reducers, and Stayers/Increasers. RESULTS: Peto's one-step odds ratio analyses for meta-analysis revealed no significant intervention effects on marijuana use at either short-term (1-3 month) or long-term (6-12 month) follow-up. Subsequent exploratory analyses showed that those who reduced drinking were more likely to be a marijuana Reducer or Nonuser, compared with a Stayer/Increaser, at both follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: The BMIs to reduce heavy drinking evaluated in this study did not reduce marijuana use. However, our exploratory results suggest that if we can develop interventions for college students that effectively reduce drinking, we may also reduce their marijuana use. Furthermore, as recreational use of marijuana becomes legal or decriminalized and marijuana becomes more readily available, it may be necessary to develop interventions specifically targeting marijuana use among college students. Language: en
Advanced technology for future space-based antennas

Active phased array antennas used in radar systems have been under development for over 40 years. A key part of the development is focused on low cost, high performance transmit/receive (T/R) modules. T/R modules and phased array antennas are used in airborne and ground-based military and commercial systems. Affordable active arrays for space applications are now being considered. Major challenges must be overcome before space operation is feasible. To meet these challenges, a major shift in active aperture antenna design, fabrication and assembly is needed. The possibility of "module-less" solid state phased array antennas built on flexible membranes is being explored. This paper addresses these issues and discusses potential approaches for affordable space-based antennas.
Immunity in Experimental Syphilis III. Attenuation of Virulent Treponema pallidum by γ-Irradiation

Miller, James N. (University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles). Immunity in experimental syphilis. III. Attenuation of virulent Treponema pallidum by gamma-irradiation. J. Bacteriol. 90:297-301. 1965.-Virulent, freshly isolated cells of Treponema pallidum strain Nichols suspended in a 50% rabbit serum-saline solution and exposed to a gamma-irradiation dosage of 652,800 r were rendered noninfectious without apparent loss of motility or change in observable morphological and staining characteristics. Although 5 x 10(7) gamma-irradiated organisms failed to elicit an immobilizing antibody response in rabbits, the same organisms retained their capacity to react with classical T. pallidum-immobilizing antibody.
Plastic behavior of titanium-aluminum alloys

Abstract The effects of increasing Al content and of precipitation of α2 (Ti3Al) on the plastic properties of TiAl alloys up to 8 wt.% Al, with oxygen contents in the range of 350 to 650 p.p.m., have been determined. Increasing Al or O content or precipitation of α2 all promote planar slip, decreased work hardening capacity, increased hardening by grain refinement and increased tendency toward brittle behavior. Ti-8% Al with 350 p.p.m. O remains ductile in tension at room temperature even after precipitation of α2. Microstrain measurements down to 77°K show that hardening by α2 is athermal.
Antihypertensive Efficacy of Treatment Regimens Used in Veterans Administration Hypertension Clinics

There is continuing uncertainty about whether morbidity and mortality of treated hypertensive patients depends on the drug(s) used to treat or only on the level of blood pressure achieved. This study was undertaken in a sample of special Veterans Administration hypertension clinics to determine which antihypertensive drugs were selected by the involved healthcare providers and how effective they were in achieving normotension. Hypertensive veterans (n = 6100) were followed in six VA Hypertension Screening and Treatment Program clinics for 46 months beginning in May 1989. Their average age was 60.7 years; 53% lived in the Stroke Belt; 46% had target organ damage, 36% were black, 23% smoked, and 10% had diabetes mellitus. Antihypertensive regimens were divided into 12 all-inclusive categories. Blood pressures were averaged at the last study visit for all patients on a regimen. The regimens of diuretic or diuretic plus beta-blocker gave the lowest average pressures (140.6/82.3 mm Hg) and calcium antagonist the highest (149.0/86.5 mm Hg). ANOVA indicated that differences between seven common regimens and also between the four single drug regimens were highly significant (P<.0001). This pattern of low treated pressure with the "old" agents and higher treated pressure with newer agents was reflected in the percentage of patients controlled below 140/90 mm Hg and the percentage uncontrolled above 159/94 mm Hg. Blacks and patients with target organ damage resembled the entire cohort in average treated diastolic blood pressure, but the former had lower and the latter had higher treated systolic blood pressure than the entire cohort.
Importance of Expert Judgment in Content-Related Validity Evidence:

The unified conceptualization of validity with regard to content-related evidence has been expressed succinctly by the authors of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA et al., 1985): Content-related evidence of validity is a central concern during [instrument] development, whether such development occurs in a research setting, in a publishing house, or in the context of professional practice. Expert professional judgment should play an integral part in developing the definition of what is to be measured, such as describing the universe of content, generating or selecting the content sample, and specifying the item format and scoring system. Thus, inferences about content are linked to [instrument] construction as well as to establishing evidence of validity after [an instrument] has been developed and chosen for use. (p. 11) This article has demonstrated the process of collecting content-related validity evidence in terms of the specific requirements of the Standards. Five standards were identified and interpreted according to the initial stages of instrument construction: domain specification, item development, and item, subscale, and scale content validation. The role of expert judgment during these stages and the variety of evidence that can be gathered were described. For most instruments, the review process would necessitate two meetings of 1 to 2 hours each to review the domain specifications and another two meetings to determine the match between the items and the specifications. The importance of these 8 hours or whatever additional time is needed to obtain the validity evidence was emphasized. Finally, an application of the Standards was provided to illustrate step-by-step how the judgmental review process can be planned and executed.
Mechanisms of Ethanol-Induced Death of Cerebellar Granule Cells

Maternal ethanol exposure during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD is the leading cause of mental retardation. The most deleterious effect of fetal alcohol exposure is inducing neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. Ethanol-induced loss of neurons in the central nervous system underlies many of the behavioral deficits observed in FASD. The cerebellum is one of the brain areas that are most susceptible to ethanol during development. Ethanol exposure causes a loss of both cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells. This review focuses on the toxic effect of ethanol on cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and the underlying mechanisms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that ethanol induces apoptotic death of CGC. The vulnerability of CGC to ethanol-induced death diminishes over time as neurons mature. Several mechanisms for ethanol-induced apoptosis of CGC have been suggested. These include inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, interference with signaling by neurotrophic factors, induction of oxidative stress, modulation of retinoid acid signaling, disturbance of potassium channel currents, thiamine deficiency, and disruption of translational regulation. Cultures of CGC provide an excellent system to investigate cellular/molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration and to evaluate interventional strategies. This review will also discuss the approaches leading to neuroprotection against ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis.
Controls of CO2 sources and sinks in the Earth scale surface ocean: Temperature and nutrients

Several regions in the ocean in which disequilibrium persists on an annual avarage between CO2 in the surface water and the overlying atmosphere were examined using various models in which CO2 does cycle in a steady state at which sources (ocean outgassing) and sinks (ingassing) are in balance. The relative values of the surface temperature and surface nutrients, the two major contributors to the CO2 source and/or sink properties, are determined. Results from models with two ocean surfaces indicate that the sink in the north Atlantic and the sources in the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are all dominated by the global temperature patterns. Results from ocean models with three surface zones show that, in the equatorial Pacific, the temperature control is responsible for over 50 percent (and, possibly, for almost 70 percent) of the CO2 outgassing, with the balance coming from the earth scale surface nutrient structure.
Canonical and path-integral quantizations in the A 0 =0 gauge: Abelian case

It is shown that both canonical and path-integral quantizations of an electromagnetic field coupled with point charged particles can be carried out in the ${A}_{0}=0$ gauge by the usual rules without fixing the gauge completely and eliminating the longitudinal degrees of freedom. A Coulomb interaction potential is obtained as an effective potential either by separating the longitudinal-mode variables in the Schr\"odinger differential equation or by integrating all longitudinal-mode quantum fluctuations in the Feynman path integral. There is no Faddeev-Popov ghost or infinite gauge volume factor in our path-integral treatment.
Seven Stades to Emmaus

Luke 24.13–35 narrates the story of how the recently crucified and risen Christ meets up with two of his perplexed and despondent disciples as they are walking from Jerusalem to the town of Emmaus, how he explains to them as they walk together that it had been foretold long ago by the prophets that Christ would suffer and die, how he is persuaded by them, when evening has come, to break his journey at their home in Emmaus, how he reveals himself to them at dinner in the breaking of the bread, and, finally, how the two disciples return immediately, even at this late hour, to Jerusalem in order to report these miraculous events to the 11 apostles.
Characterization of the human rod transducin alpha-subunit gene.

Abstract The human rod transducin alpha subunit (Tr alpha) gene has been cloned. A cDNA clone, HG14, contained a 1.1 kb insertion when compared with the human Tr alpha cDNA published by Van Dop et al. (1). Based on two overlapping clones isolated from a human genomic library, the human Tr alpha gene is 4.9 kb in length and consists of nine exons interrupted by eight introns. Northern blots of human retina total RNA showed that the gene is transcribed by rod photoreceptors into two species of mRNA, 1.3 kb and 2.4 kb in size. Apparently, this is the result of alternative splicing. Two putative transcription initiation sites were determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease protection assays. The putative promoter regions of the human and mouse Tr alpha genes have an identity of 78.1%. As found in the mouse gene (2), no TATA consensus sequence is present in the human gene.
Insight into the permeation selectivity of calix[n]arene-based Langmuir-Blodgett films: Importance of headgroup association and the solid phase

This paper reports the design and synthesis of 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexaacetyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(1-hexadecyloxy)calix[6]arene (2) and 5,11,17,23-tetraamideoxime-25,26,27,28-tetrakis(1-hexadecyloxy)calix[4]arene (3), plus a detailed comparison of the membrane properties of corresponding Langmuir-Blodgett films with those assembled from 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexaamideoxime-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(1-hexadecyloxy)calix[6]arene (1a). Surface pressure-area isotherms that were recorded for 1a and 2 over a pure water subphase at 25 C showed significant hysteresis that was eliminated after two compression-expansion cycles; the limiting area in both cases was ca. 162 {angstrom}{sup 2}/molecule. In sharp contrast, 3 showed no hysteresis at 25 C and a limiting area of 107 {angstrom}{sup 2}/molecule. Careful examination of the dependence of surface viscosity on temperature has provided compelling evidence for a solid-analogous to liquid-analogous phase transition occurring at 31 and 28 C for monolayers of 1a and 2, respectively. Permeation measurements that were made across Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films [four monolayers supported on poly-[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] with respect to helium and nitrogen] revealed high selectivity in the case of 1a and much lower selectivity with 2 and 3 at ambient (21--23 C) temperatures. The implications of these findings, in terms of the further development of LB films as membranes for gas separations, are briefly discussed.
A water budget approach to predicting tree species growth and abundance, utilizing paleoclimatology sources

Biogeographers and ecologists often need to quantify species-environment relation- ships to understand the distribution of vegetation, and to assess changes in patterns resulting from environmental change. A water budget approach, which incorporates evaporative demand and mois- ture availability, is compared to traditional climatic variables in terms of ability to predict species growth and abundance in eastern North America. Firstly, tree growth is examined using tree-ring chronologies obtained from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, correlated with climatic data from the nearest site in the US Historical Climatology Network. Secondly, logistic regression is used to model the range of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) using pollen records from the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, and climatic data from NCAR's Community Climate Model (CCM1) general circulation model (GCM) for the control, 6 ka, and 11 ka runs. Tree growth, especially for oaks and other deciduous trees, correlates more strongly with early growing-season deficit than with precipitation. Water budget variables (actual evapotranspiration and deficit) are also more effective than traditional climatic variables in modeling the range of beech. A water budget approach is attrac- tive for modeling vegetation dynamics because it transcends geographic scale; it is able to model both local and continental-scale phenomena.
Plant one-carbon metabolism and its engineering

The metabolism of one-carbon (C1) units is vital to plants. It involves unique enzymes and takes place in four subcellular compartments. Plant C1 biochemistry has remained relatively unexplored, partly because of the low abundance or the lability of many of its enzymes and intermediates. Fortunately, DNA sequence databases now make it easier to characterize known C1 enzymes and to discover new ones, to identify pathways that might carry high C1 fluxes, and to use engineering to redirect C1 fluxes and to understand their control better.
Working from home and the gender gap in earnings for self-employed US Millennials

Purpose – This paper aims to explore gender differences in terms of self-employment for US Millennials, relating them to working from home as well as other factors. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a population-based survey, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, which allows to compare home-based vs non-home-based self-employed women and men on a wide variety of characteristics. Descriptive analyses reveal the unconditional relationships between the covariates of interest, and the authors use ordinary least squares regression to reveal the conditional correlations between working from home and earnings for both women and men. Findings – The authors find that working from home is highly negatively correlated with earnings for women, but not for men, and that working from home may trump the other characteristics typically associated with lower earnings. Research limitations/implications – The regression subsample is relatively small (n = 245), leading to omitted variable bias in the r...
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of massive sulfides using fundamental influence coefficients

A method for the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of Si, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd and Sn in massive sulfide samples is described. Samples were prepared as briquettes, and a matrix correction employing inter-element influence coefficients calculated from fundamental parameters was used. Values calculated in this manner for six international reference materials compare favorably with those found in the literature as well as those determined with other methods.
FIRE CLAYS OF THE EASTERN COALFIELD OF KENTUCKY1

The eastern coalfield of Kentucky contains two horizons of workable refractory clays. One of these bearing flint, semi-flint and plastic clay is definitely proven to be of upper Pottsville age, and rests unconformably on the Mississippian formations. The other found in Boyd and eastern Carter County is in the Allegheny series and carries plastic fire clay of less commercial value. A number of points, not hitherto emphasized or noted are described.
Decollectivization and Recollectivization in the Workplace: The Impact of Technology on Informal Work Groups and Work Culture:

Technological rationalization has been found to have a disintegrative effect on informal work groups. I offer a new explanation of this phenomenon of decollectivization by arguing that a rationalized work process, in calling for less worker skill, also provides less of a motive for workers to form such groups and to create work culture within them. I also assert that the impact on work culture is the most serious consequence of technological rationalization since it impairs workers' collective ability to respond to further rationalization. Contemporary 'job redesign' experiments are then interpreted as managerial attempts to recollectivize the workplace through the institution of rationalized work groups with rationalized cultures. Limitations on these attempts are also considered.
Overexpression of RANKL Implicates IFN‐β‐Mediated Elimination of B‐Cell Precursors in the Osteopetrotic Bone of Microphthalmic Mice

The microphthalmic (mi) mouse possesses a dominant negative mutation in the microphthalmia-associated transcript factor (MITF) transcription factor. These animals are characterized by reduced numbers of peripheral mast and natural killer (NK) cells, are osteopetrotic because of osteoclast reduction and malfunction, lack functional melanocytes, and are deficient for maturing B-cells within the bone marrow. Granulocyte precursor cells, however, are functionally maintained within the mi bone marrow. A central question has been whether the B-cell deficiency of the mi mouse marrow is caused by the absence of an MITF-controlled gene product or because of the compromised, osteopetrotic environment. In this report, we examined mi marrow by performing transcriptional mapping analyses of candidate genes whose products are instrumental for functional osteoclast and B-cell development. Surprisingly, the expression of a subset of such genes including RANKL, stromal-derived factor (SDF-1), B-cell lymphotactin chemokine (BLC), and RANK was dramatically enhanced in the mi marrow. Normal and mutant marrow were also analyzed by subtractive transcript cloning, which identified a number of known and unknown genes with altered transcriptional activity. One such unknown mouse gene possesses a human counterpart that is interferon-β (IFN-β) inducible, suggesting the osteopetrotic marrow is enriched for IFN-β, a cytokine that is known to eliminate B-cell precursors. A model is proposed suggesting excess RANKL sets off a cascade of cytokine production including IFN-β that leads to the preferential elimination of B-cell precursors in the marrow of osteopetrotic marrow.
Three mating type-like loci in Candida glabrata.

Candida glabrata, the second most prevalent Candida species colonizing humans, possesses three mating type-like (MTL) loci (MTL1, MTL2, and MTL3). These loci contain pairs of MTL genes with their respective coding regions on complementary Crick and Watson DNA strands. Each pair of genes is separated by a shared intergenic promoter region, the same configuration found at the mating type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two of the MTL loci, MTL1 and MTL2, contain either the MTLa1/MTLa2 configuration or the MTLα1/MTLα2 configuration in different strains. All but one of the 38 tested C. glabrata strains were either aaα or aαα. One test strain was ααα. Based on the mating type genotype, the MTL genes at the MTL1 or MTL2 loci, and the size of the XbaI fragment harboring MTL1 or MTL2, four classes of C. glabrata strains (I, II, III, and IV) were distinguished. Northern analysis revealed that strains were either a-expressors or α-expressors and that expression always reflected the genotype of either the MTL1 or MTL2 locus, depending on the class. The expression pattern in each class, therefore, is similar to that observed in S. cerevisiae, which harbors two silent cassette loci, HMR and HML, and the expression locus MAT. High-frequency phenotypic switching between core phenotypes in an α-expressing, but not in an a-expressing, strain modulated the level of MTL expression, suggesting a possible relationship between core phenotypic switching and mating.
Dipnoans as sarcopterygians

Dipnoans are osteichthyans, and are the sister group of crossopterygians (actinistians, onychodontiforms, porolepiforms, osteolepiforms, and including tetrapods). They share with crossopterygians the following derived features: anocleithrum, connection between the preopercular and infraorbital sensory lines, true enamel on teeth, cosmine, sclerotic ring with more than four plates, submandibular series, archipterygium, and process of endochondral bone formation. These features characterize the sarcopterygians (crossopterygians and dipnoans), whereas the intracranial joint, double-headed hyomandibula, and three extrascapulae are synapomorphies of crossoptery gians. Rhipidistians (onychodontiforms, porolepiforms, osteolepiforms, and including tetrapods) are characterized by two synapomorphies, the presence of an extratemporal and narrow submandibular bone(s). Plicidentine, four infradentaries, three coronoids, and a fenestra ventro-lateralis are synapomorphies of porolepiforms, osteolepiforms, and tetrapods. The tetrapods are most closely related to panderichthyid osteolepiforms (with which they share labyrinthodont plicidentine, three pairs of median skull roof bones, flat skull with high dorsally situated orbits, and marginal position of external naris). The common ancestor of dipnoans and tetrapods is also the common ancestor of crossopterygians (including tetrapods) and dipnoans; in other words, the hypothetical common ancestor of all sarcopterygians. The dipnoans are not the closest sister group of tetrapods, independently if living forms only are considered, or fossil forms included.
Characterizing bicycle collisions by neighborhood in a large Midwestern city.

Introduction. Local environmental factors provide important contributions to bicycle safety. The purpose of this study was to characterize bicycle collisions by neighborhood in Cincinnati, Ohio. Background. The majority of prior bicycle safety research has focused on helmet use, especially among youth. Studies that have considered the neighborhood have centered on the built environment and its facilitation of bicycling (e.g., connectivity of roads and road conditions). Other broad conditions may be associated with injury beyond the use of protective equipment and the physical environment. Method. This study sought to determine spatial clustering, local patterning, temporal differences (time of day and season of year), and significant neighborhood-level predictors of bicycle collisions. Bicycle collision data were obtained from the Cincinnati, Ohio Police Department. Conclusions. This study showed that collisions occur at higher rates in the south-central and southwest neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. Th...
Metabolic Syndrome and Self-Reported History of Kidney Stones: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994

Background Metabolic syndrome affects approximately 25% of the American population. Components of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, were associated with kidney stone disease, but no published large-scale study examined the association between metabolic syndrome and history of kidney stones. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. The American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute statement on metabolic syndrome was used to define metabolic syndrome. Setting & Participants A national probability sample of the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged 20 years and older. Predictor Metabolic syndrome as defined by the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Outcomes & Measurements Self-reported history of kidney stones. Results Of all adults older than 20 years, 4.7% reported a history of kidney stones. The prevalence of self-reported history of kidney stones increased with the number of metabolic syndrome traits from 3% with 0 traits to 7.5% with 3 traits to 9.8% with 5 traits. After adjustment for age and other covariates, the presence of 2 or more traits significantly increased the odds of self-reported kidney stone disease. The presence of 4 or more traits was associated with an approximate 2-fold increase in odds of self-reported kidney stone disease. Limitations Cross-sectional design, absence of dietary data. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome traits are associated with a self-reported history of kidney stones. This association should be verified in prospective studies.
Le puérilisme dans la psychose

Resume Le puerilisme mental est un syndrome decouvert par Ernest Dupre au debut du xx e siecle. Il est d’abord observe par Dupre essentiellement dans l’hysterie, les demences seniles, les affections organiques de l’encephale et les intoxications. Le syndrome est compris comme un retour, une regression a la mentalite de l’enfance : attitudes, reactions, gestes, langage enfantins. Apres Dupre, certains auteurs (H. Claude, E. Minkowski, etc.) ont pu constater le puerilisme dans des cas de psychoses (schizomanie, schizophrenie). Regression, reviviscence, arret dans le developpement ? Les interpretations des auteurs varient. Nous verrons qu’une autre interpretation peut etre soutenue, une interpretation qui considere le puerilisme dans la psychose comme une forme de delire de compensation, sans hallucination, sans interpretation delirante, comme defense contre une realite insupportable. Cet « etat » de l’enfance permettrait au sujet de ne pas decompenser, de ne pas verser dans la desorganisation. A l’appui, l’auteur convoquera le narcissisme defaillant, l’echec du stade du miroir, l’identification imaginaire massive a l’etre-enfant. Ces sujets psychotiques presentant une forme caracterisee de puerilisme pathologique nous amenent ainsi a evoquer un « puerilisme delirant de compensation ».
Children's psychosocial problems presenting in a family medicine practice.

Primary care physicians have an important role in identifying, treating, and referring children with psychosocial problems. However, there is a limited literature describing whether and how family physicians address psychosocial problems and why parents may not discuss children’s problems with physicians. The current study examined how family physicians address psychosocial problems and reasons that parents do not discuss children’s psychosocial problems with physicians. Results indicated that there are a variety of reasons involving parents, their perceptions of physicians, and the number of psychosocial problems reported, that may lead to fewer discussions of psychosocial problems.
Compendium of TID, Neutron, Proton and Heavy Ion Testing of Satellite Electronics for Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory has been testing COTS electronic parts for potential use in spacecrafts. The highest risk parts were identified and tested for radiation effects.
Kinetic study on the selective catalytic oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone over nickel foils

Abstract The kinetics of the catalytic oxidation of 2-propanol with molecular oxygen on clean and oxygen-pretreated Ni foil samples was studied by using a microbatch reactor with mass spectrometry detection. It was found that, under the right conditions, high selectivity for acetone formation can be achieved in this system. Specifically, it was determined that high partial oxidation selectivity requires the use of temperatures below 700 K and oxygen partial pressures higher than stoichiometric, i.e. oxygen-to-alcohol ratios above 1:2. Zero- and half-order kinetics with respect to 2-propanol and oxygen pressures, respectively, were observed for the conversion of 2-propanol to acetone on the clean Ni catalyst. A thin oxide-like layer was determined to be the active catalyst for this reaction, and the rate of oxidation was found to be significantly higher on oxygen-pretreated Ni surfaces. Our kinetic evidence also indicates that the undesirable complete oxidation of the alcohol to CO2 and water is mainly a sequential reaction that takes place on the acetone produced from the alcohol, not a primary alcohol oxidation step. Finally, it was found that dehydrogenation of 2-propanol to acetone in the absence of oxygen is also possible, but occurs at a significantly slower rate than when oxygen is present in the gas mixture, and leads to poisoning of the surface of the catalyst via the deposition of carbonaceous deposits.
124 Photochemical Tissue Bonding of Apligraf to Skin

Background: Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a novel method for producing a strong tissue-tissue seal using photosensitization. PTB cross-links tissues without causing thermal damage, although the mechanism of action in skin is not completely understood. Apligraf, a bilayered tissue-engineered skin construct, is currently applied to chronic wounds and fixed in place by bolster, suture, staple, or glue. We postulated that PTB may have application for attaching Apligraf to skin. Materials and Methods: An ex vivo model was used to characterize bonding of Apligraf and skin by PTB. Argon laser (514 nm) or IPL irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizing dye Rose Bengal was used to bond Apligraf and human cadaveric or porcine skin. Various outcome measurements were made to evaluate the efficacy and histological characteristics of the bonding. Conclusions: Photochemical tissue bonding of Apligraf to human skin can be performed and further characterization is under way. Potential applications of PTB and Apligraf include the treatment of acute wounds, split thickness skin graft donor sites, burns, and debrided chronic wounds.
MDA-7 regulates cell growth and radiosensitivity in vitro of primary (Non-Established) human glioma cells

We examined the impact of purified bacterially synthesized GST-MDA-7 (IL-24) and ionizing radiation on the proliferation and survival of nonestablished human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Glioma cell types expressing mutated PTEN and p53 molecules, activated ERBB1VIII, overexpressing wild type ERBB1 or without receptor overexpression were selected. In MTT assays, GST-MDA-7 caused a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of nonestablished glioma cells; however only at higher concentrations did GST-MDA-7 reduce cell viability. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of GST-MDA-7 were enhanced by radiation in a greater than additive fashion that correlated with JNK1/2/3 activation. The reduction in cell growth and enhancement in cell killing by the combination of GST-MDA-7 and radiation were blocked by an ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a JNK1/2/3 inhibitor SP600125, a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD) and by an inhibitor of caspase 9 (LEHD), but not by an inhibitor of caspase 8 (IETD). Low concentrations of either GST-MDA-7 or radiation reduced clonogenic survival, however colony formation ability was significantly further decreased when the two treatments were combined, which was also blocked by inhibition of caspase 9 function. In general agreement with activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, cell death correlated with reduced BCL-XL expression and with increased levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BAD and BAX. Inhibition of caspase 9 after combination treatment blunted neither JNK1/2/3 activation nor the enhanced expression of BAD and BAX, but did block caspase 3 cleavage, reduced expression of BCL-XL and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity. In contrast, incubation with NAC blocked JNK1/2/3 activation and cell killing, but not the increases in BAD and BAX expression. These findings argue that after combination treatment JNK1/2/3 activation is a primary pro-apoptotic event and loss of BCL-XL expression and ERK1/2 activity are secondary caspase-dependent processes. This data also argues that GST- MDA-7 induces two parallel pro-apoptotic pathways via ROS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Infection of primary human astrocytes with a recombinant adenovirus to express MDA-7, Ad.mda-7, but not infection with either Ad.cmv or Ad.mda-7SP- lacking MDA-7 secretion, resulted in the suppression of GBM cell colony formation in soft agar overlay assays, an effect that was enhanced in a greater than additive fashion by radiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MDA-7 reduces proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity of nonestablished human GBM cells in vitro, and when grown in 3 dimensions, and that sensitization occurs independently of basal EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT activity or the functions of PTEN and p53.
Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering predicted in LaMnO 3 from the Franck-Condon process via self-trapped excitons

Resonant behavior of the Raman process is predicted when the laser frequency is close to the orbital excitation energy of ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$ at 2 eV. The incident photon creates a vibrationally excited self-trapped ``orbiton'' state from the orbitally ordered Jahn-Teller (JT) ground state. Trapping occurs by local oxygen rearrangement. Then the Franck-Condon mechanism activates multiphonon Raman scattering. The amplitude of the n-phonon process is first order in the electron-phonon coupling g. The resonance occurs via a dipole forbidden d to d transition. We previously suggested that this transition (also seen in optical reflectivity) becomes allowed because of asymmetric oxygen fluctuations. Here we calculate the magnitude of the corresponding matrix element using local spin-density functional theory. This calculation agrees to better than a factor of two with our previous value extracted from experiment. This allows us to calculate the absolute value of the Raman tensor for multiphonon scattering. Observation of this effect would be a direct confirmation of the importance of the JT electron-phonon term and the presence of self-trapped orbital excitons, or ``orbitons.''
A NOTE ON ROTATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SPACE1

The purpose of this note is threefold: to consider the conditions under which the concept of distance (both physical and psychological) and angle (the pure number function of distance) are meaningful; to suggest that there is some evidence that these conditions do not obtain throughout psychological space; and to consider briefly the implications of this evidence. My argument will be that distance (and therefore angle) is meaningful only when the space involved possesses the property of dimensional isotropy.
Enhanced Magnetic Properties of Bit Patterned Magnetic Recording Media by Trench-Filled Nanostructure

The structure and properties of nanoscale magnetic island arrays for bit patterned media (BPM) have been studied. A periodic Si nano-island array was fabricated by nano-imprint-lithography (NIL), with the trenchfilling and flattening achieved by resist spin coating followed by reactive ion back-etching. A Co/Pd multilayer magnetic media with a perpendicular anisotropy was then sputtered and lifted-off so that the processed nanostructure array now has the magnetic material only on the top of the pillars. This process significantly improved the magnetic characteristics of BPM. A planarization by hydrogen silsesquioxane filling reduced the tribological interference of the protruding nanoisland heights in BPM.
Somatic Complaint and Social Suffering Among Survivors of the Cambodian Killing Fields

Summary Illness narratives from two Cambodian Killing Fields survivors are used to explore conflicts between professional and lay perspectives on somatic complaints. Professionals see somatic complaints as psychopathology, while Cambodian survivors see it as authentic embodied pain. Survivor perspectives implicate professionals and care systems as causes of suffering. More inquiry is needed to understand survivor perspectives and the role of care systems in exacerbating/alleviating survivor suffering.
An automated test system for terahertz receiver characterization

An automated test system was developed to characterize detectors for the Kilopixel Array Pathfinder Project (KAPPa), a 16-pixel 2D integrated heterodyne focal plane array. Although primarily designed for KAPPa, the system can be used with other instruments to automate tests that might be tedious and time-consuming by hand. Mechanical components include an adjustable structure of aluminum t-slot framing that supports a rotating chopper. Driven by a stepper motor, the wheel alternates between blackbodies at room temperature and 77 K. The cold load consists of absorbing material submerged in liquid nitrogen in an open Styrofoam cooler. Python scripts control the mechanical system, interface with receiver components, and process data. Test system operation was verified by sweeping the local oscillator frequency with a Virginia Diodes room temperature receiver. The system was then integrated with the KAPPa receiver to allow complete and automated testing of all array pixels with minimal user intervention.
A Study of "Broken Appointment" Patients in a Children's Hospital Dental Clinic

An investigation of possible variables dictating "No Show" batient behavior relative to scheduled dental appointments was undertaken. Source of payment for services and race demonstrated statistical associations with "No Show" behavior. Race was confounded with the former variable. Two third-party payment groups demonstrated different fail-cancel behavior when compared.
Fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence: A case report

Summary Tibial intercondylar eminence fractures are rare in the skeletally mature individual and are almost invariably accompanied with ligamentous rupture, particularly of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); however, knee injuries in children often involve fractures sparing the ligaments. This article reports on an unusual case of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture in a 20-year-old female with the ligaments of the knee, including the ACL, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and the menisci all intact.