cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum IGF‐1 Is Insufficient to Restore Skeletal Size in the Total Absence of the Growth Hormone Receptor

States of growth hormone (GH) resistance, such those observed in Laron dwarf patients, are characterized by mutations in the GH receptor (GHR), decreased serum and tissue IGF-1 levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired skeletal acquisition. IGF-1 replacement therapy in such patients increases growth velocity but does not normalize growth. Herein we combined the GH-resistant (GHR knockout [GHRKO]) mouse model with mice expressing the hepatic Igf-1 transgene (HIT) to generate the GHRKO-HIT mouse model. In GHRKO-HIT mice, serum IGF-1 levels were restored via transgenic expression of Igf-1, allowing us to study how endocrine IGF-1 affects growth, metabolic homeostasis, and skeletal integrity. We show that in a GH-resistant state, normalization of serum IGF-1 improved body adiposity and restored glucose tolerance but was insufficient to support normal skeletal growth, resulting in an osteopenic skeletal phenotype. The inability of serum IGF-1 to restore skeletal integrity in the total absence of GHR likely resulted from reduced skeletal Igf-1 gene expression, blunted GH-mediated effects on the skeleton that are independent of serum or tissue IGF-1, and poor delivery of IGF-1 to the tissues. These findings are consistent with clinical data showing that IGF-I replacement therapy in patients with Laron syndrome does not achieve full skeletal growth.
IASH Commission of Snow and Ice Meeting: Paris, France, September 3”5, 1969

The IASH Commission of Snow and Ice met jointly with the Working Group on Glaciology of the Special Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Five technical guides have been prepared by the Commission of Snow and Ice for major IHD projects and have been in press at Unesco for more than a year and a half. They should be published by December 1969. A sixth guide, on Sea, Lake and River Ice, was approved for publication, and two other guides (Avalanche Classification and Part 2 of Combined Heat, Ice, and Water Balances) have been distributed in first or second draft form. They should be ready for approval by the next meeting of the officers of the Commission. Even though these guides have not yet been officially published, they have served as instruction and coordination media for a large number of glacier and seasonal snow cover projects in many nations during the first part of the International Hydrological Decade.
Developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using melt-electrospinning

Electrospun polypropylene fiber webs and laminates were developed using melt-electrospinning, to explore an alternative way of manufacturing protective clothing materials for agricultural workers. Electrospun polypropylene webs were fabricated in two levels of thickness. To examine the effect of lamination on the protection/thermal comfort properties, the webs were laminated on nonwoven fabric substrates. Barrier performance was evaluated for the electrospun webs and laminates, using two pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity. Effects of web thickness and lamination on air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Penetration testing shows that electrospun polypropylene webs provide excellent barrier performance against the high surface tension challenge liquid, whereas the laminated fabrics of electrospun polypropylene webs exhibited performance of 90–100% for challenge liquids with varying surface tension. Air permeability of electrospun polypropylene webs decreased by ∼20% because of the lamination and web thickness, but was still higher than most of the materials currently in use for protective clothing. Water vapor transmission of electrospun polypropylene webs reduced by up to 12% from the lamination and web thickness as well, but was still in a range comparable to woven work clothing fabrics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3430–3437, 2006
The SCEC Geodetic Transient‐Detection Validation Exercise

Online Material: Synthetic datasets, the parameters used to generate them, and MATLAB scripts for parsing data provided through the testing center described in the text. Over the past decade the number and size of continuously operating Global Positioning System (GPS) networks has grown substantially worldwide. A steadily increasing volume of freely available GPS measurements, combined with the application of new approaches for mining these data for signals of interest, has led to the identification of a large and diverse collection of time‐varying Earth processes. One phenomenon that has been observed is transient fault slip (also termed slow slip events or silent earthquakes) occurring over time spans of days to years (e.g., Linde et al. , 1996; Hirose et al. , 1999; Dragert et al. , 2001; Miller et al. , 2002; Kostoglodov et al. , 2003; Douglas et al. , 2005; Shelly et al. , 2006; Ide et al. , 2007; Lohman and McGuire, 2007; Schwartz and Rokosky, 2007; Szeliga et al. , 2008). Such events have been widely observed in subduction zones but are also found in other tectonic settings (Linde et al. , 1996; Cervelli et al. , 2002; Murray and Segall, 2005; Lohman and McGuire, 2007; Montgomery‐Brown et al. , 2009; Shelly, 2010; and references therein). Although retrospective study of slow‐slip events using geodetic observations is driving the formulation of new models for fault‐zone behavior and constitutive laws (e.g., Lapusta et al. , 2000; Liu and Rice, 2007; Lapusta and Liu, 2009; Segall and Bradley, 2012a), much of the research on near‐real‐time detection and characterization of anomalous behaviors along fault zones has focused solely on the use of seismic tremor (e.g., Rogers and Dragert, 2003; Shelly et al. , 2006; Ito et al. , 2007). The characteristics of transient slip …
The Last Mile of the Way: Understanding Caregiving in African American Families at the End-of-Life

This research is based on in-depth ethnographic interviewas and focus groups with 88 African American family caregivers from various regions of the United States during a stressful time in their family development-caregiving at the end-of-life-and the grieving during the aftermath. The study employed a stratified purposeful sampling strategy. Subjects were African Americans from the Northern, Southern, and Midwestern United States. Forman care is complicated by the distrust that many African Americans hold toward the health care system, which has resulted from years of exclusion, racism and discrimination. The findings highlight the importannce of hearing from African American families to gain an understanding of what services, including family therapy and other psychotherapy, they will need during this process.
A simple audiofrequency filter method for generating tailored frequency-selective radiofrequency pulses

Beaucoup d'experiences RMN necessitent des impulsions radiofrequences selectives vis-a-vis de la frequence. Ces impulsions peuvent etre obtenues en melangeant une porteuse radiofrequence de frequence simple ω 0 avec un signal audiofrequence approprie
A functional tomato ACC synthase expressed in Escherichia coli demonstrates suicidal inactivation by its substrate S-adenosylmethionine

Abstract 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone, ethylene. We have isolated, sequenced and expressed a functional tomato (cy Pik-Red) ACC synthase gene in Escherichia coli. ACC synthase expressed in E. coli was inactivated by incubation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the half—time of which was concentration dependent. Mixing the tomato fruit protein extract with the cell-free extract from transformed E. coli did not affect SAM-dependent inactivation of ACC synthase activity. Thus, single isoforms of the ACC synthase enzyme, which demonstrate the biochemical features expected of the tomato fruit enzyme, can be expressed in E. coli and their structure—function relationships investigated.
Density Functional Theory Studies of the [2]Rotaxane Component of the Stoddart -- Heath Molecular Switch

The central component of the programmable molecular switch recently demonstrated by Stoddart and Heath is [2]rotaxane, which consists of a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) shuttle (CBPQT^(4+))(PF_6-)_4 (the ring) encircling a finger and moving between two stations, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP). As a step toward understanding the mechanism of this switch, we report here its electronic structure using two flavors of density functional theory (DFT): B3LYP/6-31G^(**) and PBE/6-31G^(**). We find that the electronic structure of composite [2]rotaxane can be constructed reasonably well from its parts by combining the states of separate stations (TTF and DNP) with or without the (CBPQT)(PF_6)_4 shuttle around them. That is, the “CBPQT@TTF” state, (TTF)(CBPQT)(PF_6)_4−(DNP), is described well as a combination of the (TTF)(CBPQT)(PF_6)_4 complex and free DNP, and the “CBPQT@DNP” state, (TTF)−(DNP)(CBPQT)(PF_6)_4, is described well as a combination of free TTF and the (DNP)(CBPQT)(PF_6)_4 complex. This allows an aufbau or a “bottom-up” approach to predict the complicated [n]rotaxanes in terms of their components. This should be useful in designing new components to lead to improved properties of the switches. A critical function of the (CBPQT^(4+))(PF_6-)_4 shuttle in switching is that it induces a downshift of the frontier orbital energy levels of the station it is on (TTF or DNP). This occurs because of the net positive electrostatic potential exerted by the CBPQT^(4+) ring, which is located closer to the active station than the four PF_6-'s. This downshift alters the relative position of energy levels between TTF and DNP, which in turn alters the electron tunneling rate between them, even when the shuttle is not involved directly in the actual tunneling process. Based on this switching mechanism, the “CBPQT@TTF” state is expected to be a better conductor since it has better aligned levels between the two stations. A second potential role of the (CBPQT^(4+))(PF_6-)_4 shuttle in switching is to provide low-lying LUMO levels. If the shuttle is involved in the actual tunneling process, the reduced HOMO−LUMO gap (from 3.6 eV for the isolated finger to 1.1 eV for “CBPQT@TTF” or to 0.6 eV for “CBPQT@DNP” using B3LYP) would significantly facilitate the electron tunneling through the system. This might occur in a folded conformation where a direct contact between free station and the shuttle on the other station is possible. When this becomes the main switching mechanism, we expect the “CBPQT@DNP” state to become a better conductor because its HOMO−LUMO gap is smaller and because its HOMO and LUMO are localized at different stations (HOMO exclusively at TTF and LUMO at CBPQT encircling DNP) so that the HOMO-to-LUMO tunneling would be through the entire molecule of [2]rotaxane. Thus an essential element in designing these switches is to determine the configuration of the molecules (e.g., through self-assembled monolayers or incorporation of conformation stabilizing units).
Pinoresinol: A lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar

Pinoresinol, a lignan of wide distribution in plants, is found to occur as a minor component in the defensive secretion produced by glandular hairs of caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae. The compound or a derivative is appropriated by the larva from its normal food plant (the cabbage, Brassica oleracea). Pinoresinol was shown to be absent from the secretion if the larva was given a cabbage-free diet but present in the effluent if that diet was supplemented with pinoresinol. Pinoresinol is shown to be a feeding deterrent to ants (Formica exsectoides), indicating that it can complement the defensive action of the primary components of the secretion, a set of previously reported lipids called mayolenes. In the test with F. exsectoides, pinoresinol proved to be more potent than concomitantly tested mayolene-16.
On polynomial “interpolation” in L 1

Abstract We study operators F from L 1 [− π , π ] into the space of trigonometric polynomials of degree m ⩾ n that satisfy n additional conditions g k ( Ff ) = g k ( f ), where g k ϵ L 1 [− π , π ]; supp g k ∩ supp g j = O for k ≠ j . It is well known that for m = n ∥ F ∥ L 1 → L 1 ⩾ C .log n . We show that for arbitrary m > n ∥F∥ L 1 → L 1 ⩾ C. log n m − n where C is independent of g 1 , …, g n .
The Development of a Culturally Relevant, Theoretically Driven HPV Prevention Intervention for Urban Adolescent Females and Their Parents/Guardians:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, accounting for the large majority of cervical cancer and anogenital warts cases. Two HPV vaccines are currently licensed and recommended for women and girls. However, vaccination rates have been suboptimal, with evidence of disparities influencing both uptake and series completion among African American and Hispanic adolescents. There has been a dearth of theory-based, behavioral interventions targeted to prevent HPV infection and increase HPV vaccine uptake among urban adolescents. This article describes the development of two skills-based intervention curricula aimed to increase HPV prevention and vaccination among low-income urban adolescent females 9 to 18 years old. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, elicitation research was conducted to elucidate the social psychological factors that underlie HPV vaccination intentions (N = 141). The findings were subsequently used to identify theoretical mediators of behavioral change to drive the intervention. Culturally relevant strategies to promote HPV vaccination were translated into the curricula content. Both curricula were designed to motivate and empower participants to reduce risk of being infected with HPV. Targeting theoretical mediators of behavioral change, derived from the voices of the community, may prove to be successful in increasing HPV vaccination and preventing HPV.
The Effects of Continuous Renal Replacement on Anti-infective Therapy in the Critically Ill:

Acute renal failure represents a frequent, severe complication in critically ill patients leading to a direct increase in mortality and resource utilization. Today, continuous renal replacement the...
Synthesis and Consolidation of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu: Development of an Integrated Process for Luminescent Smart Ceramic Materials

A novel, integrated, fast, and inexpensive process for the preparation of dense Ba(1−x)EuxAl2Si2O8 thin ceramic specimens for damage sensor applications is reported. The processing approach involves a combination of combustion synthesis for the preparation of the powders and spark plasma sintering (SPS) for the consolidation of the specimens to densities close to 100% of relative density. The synthesis of the porous powders by combustion resulted in particle (agglomerate) sizes that were on average 421 nm, as determined from dynamic light scattering, and in the almost complete reduction of the initial Eu3+ activators to Eu2+. The powders densified to grain sizes of around 250 nm due to a collapse of the porous powder structure and minimal grain growth during SPS. Thermal treatment of the powders and sintered specimens improved the intensity of the emissions at 373 and 745 nm and diminished the emission at 485 nm. The luminescence phenomena from the specimens were a result of two mechanisms: (1) the removal of strain in the lattice due to thermal treatment, and (2) a charge transfer mechanism between Eu2+ and Eu3+.
RAF associates with phosphorylated nuclear BubR1 during endoreduplication induced by JAK inhibition.

The role of JAK signaling in cell cycle transit and maintenance of genomic stability was determined in HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cells. We have previously reported that a pan-JAK inhibitor caused ERK-dependent endoreduplication. In the current study we find that JAK inhibition caused nuclear re-localization of RAF-1, which could be inhibited by RAF inhibitor GW5074. GW5074 also inhibited JAK inhibitor-induced appearance of nuclear phosphorylated RAF-1(pS621RAF) and MEK, and it inhibited the JAK inhibitor-induced co-immunoprecipitation of nuclear RAF-1 and MEK. JAK inhibition also increased nuclear BubR1 phosphorylation, which was diminished by RAF inhibitor GW5074. RAF-1 and BubR1 in the nucleus co-immunoprecipitated; and GW5074 eliminated this. Furthermore, inhibiting RAF with GW5074 blocked the pan-JAK inhibitor-induced endoreduplication. These data thus show that JAK inhibition causes nuclear re-localization and phosphorylation of RAF and MEK where RAF binds BubR1 with ensuing nuclear RAF-depen...
Baby changing station

Seeking a moment's peace in a mall bathroom, an exasperated father places his screaming, dirty-diapered child on a baby changing station and tries to regain his composure. The baby's screams seem to grow louder and show no sign of stopping. And then, silence. He's afraid to look, but when he does, transformation of his attitude is not the only change that occurs in this tale of diapers and drool, despair and delight. Copyright held by creator.
Electronic structure of Fe overlayers on Si(1 1 1)

Abstract The electronic band structure of Fe overlayers on Si(1 1 1) has been studied by angle resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation. Formation and evaluation of the interface region have been followed for incremental Fe coverages between 4 A and 50 A. The results indicate that films grown on room temperature substrates form an antiferromagnetic buffer layer and silicide formation followed by a pure Fe films (30 A), while films grown at elevated temperatures (200°C or higher) retain the Fe silicide structure. These results provide information as to the suitability of Fe overlayer on Si(1 1 1) for subsequent magnetic overlayer and heterostructures.
VERBAL CONDITIONING OF COMMON AND UNCOMMON WORD ASSOCIATIONS

A series of experiments on originality training by Maltzman and his associates (1958; 1960) has indicated that uncommon associations, as scored by word association norms, may be induced by repeatedly presenting the same stimulus words with instructions to give a different response upon each presentation. Of greater significance is the finding that there is a subsequent increase in the occurrence of uncommon associations to new stimulus words. An increased disposition for uncommon responses occurs in the absence of any reinforcement for uncommon responses administered by E. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether common as well as uncommon word associations may be induced solely by administering verbal reinforcement for the appropriate type of response. An additional aim was to investigate the transfer effects of such training upon a somewhat different type of verbal task, Guilford's (1950) Unusual Uses Test. METHOD Subjects.-Ss were 93 scudents in an introductory psychology class, who were assigned to one of three groups in order of their appearance for the experiment. Stimulzu matcriQ1s.-A list of stimulus words, the 100 words in the KentRosanoff word association test, was prepared. For each stimulus word its three most frequently occurring responses were determined from the Minnesota norms (Russell & Jenkins, 1954). E was provided with the list of stimulus words which he read to S, and the three most common normative responses to each of the words. Following presentation of the word association test all Ss were given the Unusual Uses Test, which asks for different uses for six common objects. Ten minutes was allowed for completion of the test. Procedare.-Each S was seated at a table facing the wall in a small ex
The Relation of Passage of Gas and Abdominal Bloating to Colonic Gas Production

Objective: To determine the relation of gas passage and abdominal bloating to the production of gas in the colon. Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover study of gaseous symptoms during a 1-we...
Progress in silicon carbide semiconductor electronics technology

Silicon carbide’s demonstrated ability to function under extreme high-temperature, high-power, and/or high-radiation conditions is expected to enable significant enhancements to a far-ranging variety of applications and systems. However, improvements in crystal growth and device fabrication processes are needed before SiC-based devices and circuits can be scaled-up and incorporated into electronic systems. This paper surveys the present status of SiC-based semiconductor electronics and identifies areas where technological maturation is needed. The prospects for resolving these obstacles are discussed. Recent achievements include the monolithic realization of SiC integrated circuit operational amplifiers and digital logic circuits, as well as significant improvements to epitaxial and bulk crystal growth processes that impact the viability of this rapidly emerging technology.
Modeling reaction pathways of low energy particle deposition on thiophene via ab initio calculations

Abstract Chemical reactions of thiophene with organic molecules are of interest to modify thermally deposited coatings of conductive polymers. Here, energy barriers for reactions involving thiophene and small hydrocarbon radicals are identified. Enthalpies of formation involving reactants are also calculated using the B3LYP, BMK, and B98 hybrid functionals within the G aussian 03 program. Experimental values, G3, and CBS-QB3 calculations are used as standards, due to their accurate thermochemistry parameters. The BMK functional is found to perform best for the selected organic molecules. These results provide insights into the reactivity of several polymerization and deposition processes.
Photonic crystal heterostructure cavity lasers using kagome lattices

The lasing characteristics of a photonic crystal membrane heterostructure cavity that utilises a kagome type lattice is demonstrated. A heterostucture cavity is formed by interfacing two photonic crystals such that the dispersion maximum of the inner lattice falls within the photonic bandgap of the surrounding lattice. Feedback to slow Bloch modes allows for localisation of band edge modes and a reduction of in-plane losses. Singlemode lasing is observed in relatively large area lasers at 1550 nm.
Angular dependence of light scattering linewidths from hemoglobin solutions

Summary We have measured the spectra of light scattered from solutions of oxy and carbon monoxy hemoglobin solutions under a variety of solution conditions, and as a function of scattering angle. In all cases we do not observe the anomalous positive intercepts in the plot of linewidth vs. the square of the scattering vector which have been reported by other workers and attributed to the kinetics of the dimertetramer interaction. We believe the anomalies may be attributable to the coincidence of the Helium-Neon wavelength and the 630 nm absorption of methemoglobin.
Textual Mainstreaming and Rhetorics of Accommodation

Abstract In this essay I examine the problematics of mainstreaming within one site of composition studies research—the composition anthology. Specifically, I apply articulation theory and feminist disability theory to argue that the mainstreaming of disability narratives within composition readers, when articulated with a theory of individual subjectivity, legitimizes the belief that accommodation is an individualized process. Thus accommodation becomes synonymous with “fitting in,” a definition that locates the responsibility for adaptation within the “abnormal” body rather than within the institutions and ideologies that construct it as such.
Quantities of amino acids ingested by human milk-fed infants.

The purpose of this investigation was to provide quantitative data on amino acids ingested by human milk-fed infants. Ten term infants fed human milk ad libitum were studied at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age. Measurements of milk volume and amino acid analyses of milk samples were performed. Both total amino acid and nitrogen intakes (μmole/kg/day) declined by approximately 34% during the study (P
Catecholamine synthesis in rabbit carotid body in vitro.

1. Catecholamine synthesis in rabbit carotid body was studied in vitro using [3H]DOPA and [3H]tyrosine as precursors. The effects of sympathectomy and transection of the carotid sinus nerve on [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) synthesis were investigated in chronically denervated carotid bodies. 2. When [3H]DOPA was used as precursor, the synthesis of [3H]DA was linear for more than 6 hr. The carotid body synthesized larger amounts of [3H]catecholamines than when [3H]tyrosine was used as precursor, but most of this excess was liberated into the incubation media. Using 10 μM-[3H]DOPA as precursor, the synthesis rates were 6·76 and 1·51 n-mole/g per hr for [3H]DA and [3H]NA, respectively; with 40 μM-[3H]DOPA, these values increased to 19·22 and 3·23 n-mole/g per hr, respectively. 3. The relationship between [3H]DOPA concentration and [3H]DA synthesis was linear throughout the range 5-40 μM-[3H]DOPA. 4. Sympathectomy reduced the synthesis of [3H]NA by 90% and [3H]DA by 37% when [3H]DOPA was used as precursor. 5. When [3H]tyrosine (40 μM) was used as precursor, synthesis of [3H]catecholamines was linear for at least 4 hr, with rates of 12·10 and 0·85 n-mole/g per hr for [3H]DA and [3H]NA, respectively. 6. [3H]DA and [3H]NA synthesis from [3H]tyrosine exhibited the characteristics of saturable processes, with Km values of 16·8 and 17·6 μM, respectively. 7. 6-methyltetrahydropterine (6-MPH4, 100 μM), a synthetic analogue of the natural co-factor for tyrosine hydroxylase, increased [3H]DA and [3H]NA synthesis from [3 H]tyrosine in both the carotid body and superior cervical ganglion, with the greatest effect seen in the carotid body. 8. When [3H]tyrosine was used as precursor, sympathectomy of the carotid body reduced [3H]NA synthesis by 80%, but did not alter [3H]DA or [3H]tyrosine levels in the tissue. Transection of the carotid sinus nerve had no effect on [3H]catecholamine synthesis in the carotid body.
Fetal omphalocele ratios predict outcomes in prenatally diagnosed omphalocele

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ratios considering omphalocele diameter relative to fetal biometric measurements perform better than giant omphalocele designation at predicting inability to achieve neonatal primary surgical closure. Study Design Cases of fetal omphalocele that underwent evaluation between May 2003 and July 2010 were identified. Inclusion was restricted to live births with plan for postnatal repair. Omphalocele diameter upon antenatal ultrasound was compared with abdominal circumference, femur length, and head circumference, yielding the respective omphalocele (O)/abdominal circumference (AC), O/femur length (FL), and O/head circumference (HC) ratios. The absolute measurements were used to classify giant lesions. Omphalocele ratios and giant omphalocele designations were evaluated as predictors of inability to achieve primary repair. Results Among 25 included cases, staged or delayed closure occurred in 52%. With an optimal cutoff of 0.21 or greater, O/HC best predicted the primary outcome (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 58.3%; odds ratio, 7.7). The O/HC of 0.21 or greater outperformed giant designations. Conclusion The O/HC of 0.21 or greater best predicted staged or delayed omphalocele closure. Giant omphalocele designation, regardless of definition, poorly predicted outcome.
Numerical investigation of a SiGe HBT electro-optic modulator

We analyzed an electro-optic modulator consisting of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with graded SiGe composition in the base. Simulation shows single mode operation is attainable with an interaction length Lp of 40.8μm.
Changes in Chicken Muscle Proteins During Cooking and Subsequent Frozen Storage, and Their Significance in Quality

SUMMARY Cooking of chicken broilers destroyed the proteolytic activity and the buffer extractability of muscle proteins, and decreased the sulfhydryl-group content of muscle proteins by about 50%. During frozen storage of cooked meat for two years at temperatures between −10 and −40°C, neither the formation of protein-breakdown products nor the development of detectable off-odor occurred. The sulfhydryl-group content of muscle tissue decreased gradually, showing a relation with storage time and loss of tenderness. Results suggest that the color reaction between the sulfhydryl groups of muscle tissue and nitroprusside may be useful as an index of quality changes in precooked frozen poultry.
Analysis of slow autooscillations of arterial flow.

During constant rate intravenous infusion of Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 to 250 μg/min) in anesthetized dogs slow high amplitude autooscillations appear in the flow of the femoral artery and the common carotid artery. The period of the autooscillations varied in different experiments between 2 and 5 min. The oscillations of the femoral flow were found to persist., with some changes in their characteristics, after transsection of both vagi, both carotid sinus nerves, the homolateral femoral and sciatic nerve.
Indoor tanning and tanning dependence in young people after a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma.

Individuals who have had basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are at high risk of subsequent BCCs and melanoma.1 Indoor tanning is an established risk factor for BCC, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.2 As such, continuing to tan indoors after a BCC diagnosis may elevate one’s risk for future skin cancers. Skin cancer survivors have sun protection behaviors that are similar to those of the general population,3 but little is known about their indoor tanning behavior. Notably, research suggests some individuals develop tanning dependence, analogous to substance dependence,4 which could be related to continued indoor tanning. To understand better the patterns of and reasons for indoor tanning after BCC diagnosis, we assessed indoor tanning and symptoms of tanning dependence in people who had at least one BCC before age 40.
Label-Free DNA Detection Based on Modified Conducting Polypyrrole Films at Microelectrodes

A label-free electrochemical detection method for DNA hybridization based on electrostatic modulation of the ion-exchange kinetics of a polypyrrole film deposited at microelectrodes is reported. Synthetic single-stranded 27-mer oligonucleotides (probe) have been immobilized at 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)-N-(3-phosphorylpropyl)pyrrole film formed by electropolymerization on the previously formed polypyrrole layer. The 27- or 18-mer target oligonucleotides were monitored via the electrochemically driven anion exchange of the inner polypyrrole film. The performance of the miniaturized DNA biosensor system was studied in respect to selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and regeneration of the sensor. Control experiments were performed with a noncomplementary target of 27-mer DNA and 12 base-pair mismatched 18-mer sequences, respectively, and did not show any unspecific binding. Under optimized experimental conditions, the label-free electrochemical biosensor enabled the detection limits of 0.16 and 3.5 fmol for t...
Challenges for child health in Australia.

In any current discussion of child health in Australia, the financial aspect is usually predominant. Governments tell us that there has been a 'blow-out' in health costs. This argument is not supported by the facts which show that health expenditure in Australia has merely kept up with inflation, remaining at between 7 5% and 8-1% of gross domestic product for the last 15 years. The blow-out in health costs is in fact similar to the blow-out in the cost of ball point pens and breakfast cereal. For child health the challenge is how to get an adequate share of the health budget and how to use it most appropriately. Of course there are many other clinical challenges which confront Australian paediatricians. Relatively little impact has been made on the two biggest causes of death of children after the first month of life, the suddent infant death syndrome in the first year and accidents beyond the first year. Even up to 1 month of age, while there has been considerable progress in the intensive care of extremely low birthweight infants, there has been far less progress in preventing the premature births which lead to these problems. Other major health challenges for Australian paediatricians, in terms of size and seriousness, include better understanding and improved management of asthma, a reduction in the number of cases of child abuse and neglect, and providing care for the increasing number of children surviving, often into adult life, with chronic handicaps. While none of these challenges have simple answers, the four headings in this paper: health costs; hospitals, their communities and health delivery; child health education; and a national child health policy, are relevant to progress in these areas.
The impact of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) predation on anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in south-central Connecticut, USA

The decline of anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) threatens an important recreational and commercial fishery. While the cause of this decline is uncertain, predators could be trapping alewives at low abundance by preying on them during spawning migrations. Here we investigate the impact of predation by double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on spawning adult alewives in south-central Connecticut, USA. We use a bioenergetic model together with estimates of cormorant diets and cormorant and alewife population sizes to estimate the consumption of alewives by cormorants both in Bride Lake, Connecticut, and regionally. We find that cormorants are important predators of spawning adult alewives at Bride Lake but do not have a notable impact on alewife mortality or population size. We also find that cormorants have little effect on alewife populations across south-central Connecticut because few alewives are consumed away from Bride Lake. We conclude that cormorants are important predators for a...
Properties of [Ca2+ + Mg2+]-adenosine triphosphatases in the Golgi apparatus and microsomes of the lactating mammary glands of cows.

Abstract The [Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ]-ATPase activity of bovine lactating mammary gland is associated with membranes. This study compares the ATPase activity in microsomal membranes to that of the Golgi apparatus. The enzyme activity in both fractions hydrolyzed Ca 2+ -ATP and Mg 2+ -ATP. The ATPase activities were inhibited by ρ-chloromercuribenzoate, indicating the involvement of a sulfhydryl group for activity. Although calmodulin had no effect on the ATPase activities of the two fractions, calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and trifluoperazine) were inhibitory. Strong inhibitors of the ATPase activities were vanadate, dicclohexylcarbodiimide, La 3+ , and Zn 2+ . There were some differences in the activities from two membrane fractions. Although both fractions could hydrolyze all of the triphosphonucleotides, cytidine-5'-triphosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate were poor substrates for the Golgi enzyme. Detergents diminished the activity of the microsomal enzyme to a much greater extent than the ATPase of the Golgi apparatus. Thus, the intact membrane may be more critical to microsomal activity. The role of these enzymes in Ca 2+ accumulation in milk is discussed.
Hypertension in the Aging Patient: New Imperatives, New Options

Over half of all people over the age of 65 in the U.S. have hypertension. In most cases this is diagnosed because of increased systolic blood pressure. It is now recognized that systolic blood pressure is more predictive of cardiovascular events than diastolic blood pressure; since these events are the major cause of death and disability in this population, current hypertension guidelines now emphasize more aggressive blood pressure criteria for both diagnosing and treating systolic hypertension. This process has been stimulated by evidence from large clinical trials that reducing systolic blood pressure improves survival and prevents strokes, heart failure, and other cardiovascular outcomes. The guidelines of both the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) and the World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) recommend that, regardless of age, hypertension can be diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mm Hg. The treatment target is less than 140 mm Hg, though in the presence of concomitant conditions like diabetes mellitus or cardiac or renal impairment, which are common findings in the elderly, even lower target levels may be justified. For patients with systolic blood pressures in the range 140 mm Hg-159 mm Hg but who are without other cardiovascular risk factors, it is not yet certain that aggressive treatment is warranted. New clinical trials are now addressing this question. So far, most experience with treating systolic hypertension in older persons has been with diuretics and calcium channel blockers. But growing evidence indicates that most antihypertensive drug classes are effective and that agents should be selected to best match the needs of individual patients. (c)2000 by CVRR, Inc.
Race, socioeconomic status, and age: the social context of american masculinity

This article seeks to delineate the social context of American masculine attainment and identity. The effects of race, socioeconomic status, and age on masculine role perceptions are analyzed for a sample of Black middle-class men. Comparative data from previous research on a sample of Black working-class men are discussed. Comparisons are also made to the findings of a Psychology Today survey sample consisting primarily of middle-class White men. Data are analyzed to exemplify the importance of studying masculine roles within a framework that takes into account the relative social location of American men. Future research needs for the study of masculine role identity from a social structural perspective are discussed.
Affective disorders and depression as measured by the diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Beck Depression Inventory in an unselected adult population

Rates, demographic correlates, and differential symptomatic expression as a function of gender of affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were examined in 298 paid adult volunteers selected by the random digit dialing method. According to the DIS, 7.7% were diagnosed as current affective disorder, 6% as current primary unipolar depression, 23.5% as lifetime affective disorder, and 19.5% as lifetime primary unipolar depression. According to the BDI, 19.8% scored depressed: 10.7% as mildly, 5.0% moderately, and 4.0% severely depressed, respectively. Of 11 demographic variables whose relation to DIS diagnoses were examined in a multivariate context, only occupation was correlated significantly with current primary unipolar depression. Of the same variables whose relation to BDI score was examined, education and race were correlated significantly with BDI score. There was no evidence of differential symptomatic expression as a function of gender as measured by lifetime diagnosis of primary unipolar depression on the DIS.
The relationship between adult health and childhood maltreatment, as moderated by anger and ethnic background.

Childhood maltreatment, anger, and racial/ethnic background were examined in relation to physical health, psychological well-being, and blood pressure outcomes. This study used data from a diverse sample of African American, Latino, and Caucasian participants (N=198). Results from a series of multiple regressions indicated anger and total childhood maltreatment were robust predictors of poorer health. Although correlational analyses found maltreatment from the mother and father were associated with poorer health outcomes, when considered as part of the regression models, only a relationship between maltreatment from the mother and physical health was found. Greater anger scores were linked with lower blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure. Generally, more psychological and physical symptom reporting was found with greater anger scores, and higher levels of total maltreatment also predicted physical symptoms. The pattern of interactions indicated anger was more detrimental for African American participant's (and marginally so for Latino participant's) physical health. Interestingly, interactions also indicated total childhood maltreatment was related to fewer symptoms for Latino participants. Although child maltreatment may be viewed as a moral and/or human rights issue, this study provides evidence that it can also be viewed as a public health issue. Our study demonstrated that known health risk factors such as anger and maltreatment may operate in a different pattern dependent on ethnic/cultural background. The findings suggest health and health disparities research would benefit from greater exploration of the differential impact of certain moderating variables based on racial/ethnic background. Language: en
Renal Masses Presenting 25 and 50 Years following Blunt Renal Trauma

The long-term consequences of blunt renal trauma are not well described. We report on 2 patients with a history of blunt renal trauma who presented with radiographically detected renal masses suspicious for renal tumor. Both patients suffered blows to the kidney during boxing matches followed by flank pain and hematuria. The injuries occurred 25 and 50 years prior to the detection of renal masses. Subsequent nephrectomy and histopathological evaluation revealed benign dystrophic renal tissue. These presentations represent probable long-term sequelae of blunt renal trauma.
Gene therapy for trigeminal pain in mice.

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a single direct injection of viral vector encoding for encephalin to induce a widespread expression of the transgene and potential analgesic effect in trigeminal behavioral pain models in mice. After direct injection of herpes simplex virus type 1 based vectors encoding for human preproenkephalin (SHPE) or the lacZ reporter gene (SHZ.1, control virus) into the trigeminal ganglia in mice, we performed an orofacial formalin test and assessed the cumulative nociceptive behavior at different time points after injection of the viral vectors. We observed an analgesic effect on nociceptive behavior that lasted up to 8 weeks after a single injection of SHPE into the trigeminal ganglia. Control virus-injected animals showed nociceptive behavior similar to naive mice. The analgesic effect of SHPE injection was reversed/attenuated by subcutaneous naloxone injections, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist. SHPE-injected mice also showed normalization in withdrawal latencies upon thermal noxious stimulation of inflamed ears after subdermal complete Freund’s adjuvant injection, indicating widespread expression of the transgene. Quantitative immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglia showed expression of human preproenkephalin after SHPE injection. Direct injection of viral vectors proved to be useful for exploring the distinct pathophysiology of the trigeminal system and could also be an interesting addition to the pain therapists’ armamentarium.
Multiscale dynamic Monte Carlo/continuum model of drying and nonideal polycondensation in sol-gel silica films

The process of forming sol-gel silica thin films involves multiple length and time scales ranging from molecular to macroscopic, and it is challenging to fully model because the polymerization is nonideal. A multiscale model is described to link macroscopic flow and drying (controlled by process parameters) to film microstructure (which dictates the properties of the films). In this modeling strategy, dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) polymerization simulations are coupled to a continuum model of drying. The entire DMC simulation is treated as a particle of sol whose position and composition are tracked using a diffusion/evaporation finite difference method. By simulating swarms of particles starting from different positions in the film, the multiscale model predicts different drying/gelation phenomena, and predicts the occurrence of gradients of concentration and gelation in the films which can lead to the formation of a gel skin near the top surface of the film. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Conservation genetics of three flightless beetle species in southern California

Regional scale conservation decisions can be aided by information on the distribution of intraspecific diversity, especially the extent to which patterns are common to multiple species. We compare patterns of intraspecific mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) variation among three flightless beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Nyctoporis carinata LeConte; Staphylinidae: Sepedophilus castaneus (Horn); Carabidae: Calathus ruficollis Dejean) in the southern part of the California Floristic Province biodiversity hotspot. All species exhibit moderate to high levels of total variation, ranging from 2% to 10% (maximum uncorrected distance). Most populations of all species exhibit unique haplotypes, but few populations’ haplotypes constitute exclusive clades. Many adjacent pairs of populations show indications of some, though limited, genetic connectedness, due either to gene flow or ancestral polymorphism. However, in most cases this diminishes sharply over greater distances. By both statistical and phylogenetic measures, Sierra Nevadan populations are highly distinct from those in the coast and transverse ranges. Among the latter, the eastern transverse ranges are generally most unique and isolated, with diversity in the western parts of these ranges showing fewer barriers. Otherwise, few measures agree on areas of highest conservation value, and overall patterns tend to be species-specific.
Bayesian analysis of resolved stellar spectra: application to MMT/Hectochelle observations of the Draco dwarf spheroidal

We introduce a Bayesian method for fitting faint, resolved stellar spectra in order to obtain simultaneous estimates of redshift and stellar-atmospheric parameters. We apply the method to thousands of spectra---covering 5160-5280 Angs. at resolution R~20,000---that we have acquired with the MMT/Hectochelle fibre spectrograph for red-giant and horizontal branch candidates along the line of sight to the Milky Way's dwarf spheroidal satellite in Draco. The observed stars subtend an area of ~4 deg^2, extending ~3 times beyond Draco's nominal `tidal' radius. For each spectrum we tabulate the first four moments---central value, variance, skewness and kurtosis---of posterior probability distribution functions representing estimates of the following physical parameters: line-of-sight velocity v_los, effective temperature (T_eff), surface gravity (logg) and metallicity ([Fe/H]). After rejecting low-quality measurements, we retain a new sample consisting of 2813 independent observations of 1565 unique stars, including 1879 observations for 631 stars with (as many as 13) repeat observations. Parameter estimates have median random errors of sigma_{v_los}=0.88 km/s, sigma_{T_eff}=162 K, sigma_logg=0.37 dex and sigma_[Fe/H]=0.20 dex. Our estimates of physical parameters distinguish ~470 likely Draco members from interlopers in the Galactic foreground.