cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized ramsey theory XV: Achievement and avoidance games for bipartite graphs

Let two opponents, Oh and Ex, play the following game on the complete bipartite graph Kn,n. Oh colors one of the edges green and Ex colors a different edge red, and so on. The goal of each player is to be the first one to construct in his own color a predetermined bipartite graph M with no isolated points. The minimum n for which Oh can win on Kn,n regardless of the moves made by Ex is called the bipartite achievement number of M. In the corresponding misere game, the first player (if any) who forms M is the loser. The minimum n for which Ex can force Oh to make a monochromatic M is called the bipartite avoidance number of M. Bipartite achievement and avoidance numbers of some small graph are presented as well as their bipartite ramsey numbers.
4 Technical Issues in Medical Writing

Some of the “striving and agony and delay” described by Fishbein can be related to the technical aspects of medical writing, including the preparation of tables and figures (aka illustrations), perseverating over borrowed materials and copyright issues, and corralling herds of reference citations. In contrast to the past three chapters, which have covered the concept and prose aspects of medical writing, this chapter addresses some nuts-and-bolts issues you will face. Do not, however, think that constructing tables and figures is any less creative than composing words and sentences; in fact, developing these supplements to the text may be the most innovative part of writing your article. Other practical issues—such as copyright, permissions, and reference citations—may become important as you seek publication of your work.
Applications of Hall-effect multipliers

Abstract Several applications of the Hall-effect multiplier are described in which the product-forming characteristics of the device are utilized. These particular applications are representative of the possible uses of the Hall-effect multiplier where the multiplication of signals over a wide range of amplitudes is performed without the generation of extraneous terms. This paper describes the utilization of Hall-effect multipliers in the measurement of noise power spectra by correlation techniques, in the generation of single-sideband and phase-modulated signals, and in the measurement of true mean square values of signals of unpredictable waveform and large peak factors. The limitations of the device are discussed to indicate the difficulties encountered in the design and construction of a Hall-effect multiplier, in particular, for signals of frequencies above 1 MHz.
Efficient detection of soft agar grown colonies using a tetrazolium salt.

Summary The use of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride at concentrations of from 0.25–1.0 mg/ml, when added to plates containing soft agar grown colonies, colors the cell clusters a deep brick red against a colorless background. This greatly facilitates the quantitation of such colonies since clusters of cells containing as few as 16–32 cells are visible macroscopically. Incubation for 20 h is optimal although coloration takes place as early as 6–8 h.
Evidence for two unlinked loci regulating total serum IgE levels

Studies investigating the genetic control of total serum IgE levels are of major importance in understanding basic pathophysiologic mechanisms in atopy and asthma, since IgE levels predict onset and correlate with the clinical expression of these disorders. Previous analysis of data from 92 families, ascertained through a parent with asthma, showed evidence for recessive inheritance of high IgE levels with linkage to chromosome 5q. Since there was significant residual familial correlation in the one-locus segregation analysis, two-locus segregation and linkage analyses were performed. Segregation analyses provided evidence for a second major locus unlinked to the locus on 5q. Utilization of this two-locus model corroborates the previous evidence for linkage between this trait and markers on 5q31-q33. The LODs for the most informative marker D5S436 increased from 3.00 at 10% recombination to 4.67 at 9% recombination, when the two-locus model was used. Additional linkage studies are needed to map this second locus. These results demonstrate the importance of performing multilocus segregation and linkage analyses for quantitative traits that are related to the phenotype of a complex disorder. This approach has given further insight into the genetics of allergy and asthma by providing evidence for a two-locus model.
Preeclampsia and the anti-angiogenic state

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, however, its etiology remains unclear. Abnormal placental angiogenesis during pregnancy resulting from high levels of anti-angiogenic factors, soluble Flt1 (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), has been implicated in preeclampsia pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence also points to a role for these anti-angiogenic proteins as serum biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. Uncovering the mechanisms of altered angiogenic factors in preeclampsia may also provide insights into novel preventive and therapeutic options.
Staircase rook polynomials and Cayley's game of Mousetrap

First introduced by Arthur Cayley in the 1850's, the game of Mousetrap involves removing cards from a deck according to a certain rule. In this paper we find the rook polynomial for the number of Mousetrap decks in which at least two specified cards are removed. We also find a new expression for the rook polynomial for the number of decks in which exactly one specified card is removed and give expressions for counts of two kinds of Mousetrap decks in terms of other known combinatorial numbers.
Micronutrient Status in Relationship to Mortality in HIV-1 Disease

Selenium deficiency has been demonstrated to be a significant predictor of HIV-related mortality, independent of CD4 over time, CD4 < 200 at baseline, and antiretroviral treatment. Although selenium deficiency in healthy humans is relatively rare (Cohen et al. 1989, Lockitch, 1989), a number of studies have documented a decline in plasma selenium levels and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in individuals with HIV/AIDS (Dworkin et al. 1988, Cirelli et al. 1991, Mantero-Atienza et al. 1991, Staal et al. 1992, Allavena et al. 1995). These findings are of particular concern in light of selenium's influence on immune function, viral replication, and survival. As recent investigations (Delmas-Beauvieux et al. 1996) indicate that supplementation with selenium may help to increase the enzymatic defense systems in HIV-infected patients, further studies to determine possible mechanisms and clinical trials to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on HIV disease progression are essential.
Gill arches of teleostean fishes of the division Osteoglossomorpha

Relationships among Recent osteoglossomorph fishes (Hiodontidae, Notopteridae, Osteoglossidae, Pantodontidae, Mormyridae and Gymnarchidae) seem to be reflected in the specializations of the gill-arch skeleton, which has been studied in adult representatives of most Recent genera. Most of the specializations involve the basibranchial dentition, which among the major osteoglossomorph groups has been modified into several distinctive types. Summary. 1 Gill-arch structure was examined for representatives of most Recent genera of osteoglossomorph fishes (families Hiodontidae, Notopteridae, Osteoglossidae, Pantodontidae, Mormyridae and Gymnarchidae). 2 Specializations in gill-arch structure allowed an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among the major groups. 3 The Hiodontidae and Notopteridae are grouped in one suborder (Notopteroidei) on the basis of a specialized basihyal tooth plate. The remaining families are grouped in another suborder (Mormyroidei) on the basis of a prominent process on the second hypobranchial. 4 The family Osteoglossidae is subdivided into two subfamilies: Osteoglossinae (Scleropages + Osteoglossum), united partly on the basis of an enlarged basibranchial tooth plate, and Heterotinae (Arapaima+Heterotis) united partly on a secondary segmentation of the third infrapharyngobranchial. 5 Two highly advanced forms, Pantodon and Gymnarchus, are for the moment retained in monotypic families, the former related to the Osteoglossidae (probably the Osteoglossinae), the latter to the Mormyridae. 6 Gill-arch dentition among osteoglossomorphs mainly is restricted to the basibranchial tooth plates. These seem to form part of the morphological basis of the primitive teleostean feeding mechanism.
Bioactive Molecules Delivered by Ceramic Nanoparticles Coated with a Film of Polyhydroxyl Oligomers

The structural denaturation of polypeptides and other macromolecular pharmaceuticals upon surface adsorption from an aqueous environment is almost inevitable. Molecular denaturation, coupled with a net increase in entropy, accounts for the net negative ΔG and frequent irreversible nature of surface adsorption. The consequence of this interaction is that surface immobilized drugs lose their dynamic freedom and thus, all too often, their biological activity. This phenomenon has complicated the development of drug delivery vehicles. In this communication, a drug delivery system based on a novel surface modification process to help reverse the constraining activity of surfaces is described. Beginning with preformed carbon ceramic nanoparticles and self-assembled calcium-phosphate dihydrate particles (colloidal precipitation) to which glassy carbohydrates are then allowed to adsorb as a nanometer thick surface coating, a molecular carrier is formed. The carbohydrate coating functions as a dehydroprotectant and stabilizes subsequently non-covalently bound immobilized members of biochemically reactive surface members such as pharmaceuticals. Many of the physical properties of this enabling system have been characterized in vitro and in animal models. Antigen delivery, drug delivery, and enzyme stabilization experiments are described.
Development of a test method for measuring the mixed mode fracture resistance of bimaterial interfaces

Abstract Measurements of the mixed mode fracture resistance of bimaterial interface have been shown to be appreciably influenced by the presence of loading point friction and by residual strain. Analyses of the effect of these phenomena on the strain energy release rate and on the phase angle of loading are presented. The analyses are used to interpret experimental measurements obtained on several bimaterial models.
Recombinant interferon-alpha therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocytosis.

Abstract purpose: The clinical course of patients with myeloproliferative disorders and excessive thrombocytosis may be complicated by serious hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. We have previously reported that interferon-alpha can control severe refractory thrombocytosis in patients with advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia. Therefore, we treated a group of thrombocythemic patients with Ph-negative myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, with recombinant and interferon-alpha ( rIFN - α 2a ). patients and methods: Eight patients with profound elevations in platelet counts received a median induction dose of 5.4 × 10 6 U/day (rante, 5.0 to 10.0 × 10 6 U/day) of rIFN - α 2a administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. result: We observed a significant decline in platelet counts from a median baseline value of 1,929 × 10 9 /L (range, 960 to 2,960 × 10 9 /L) to a median posttreatment value of 431 × 10 9 /L (range, 71 to 1,150 × 10 9 /L) ( p 9 /L (range, 10.5 to 40.8 × 10 9 /L) to a median posttreatment value of 6.1 × 10 9 /L (range, 2.9 to 29.0 × 10 9 /L) ( p 9 /L. Six of eight patients have shown an ongoing response with a median follow-up period of 11 months (range, one to 30 months). There have been no bleeding or thrombotic events during the study. Side effects of rIFN - α 2a therapy consisted of fever and flu-like symptoms, with tachyphylaxis developing after one to two weeks of therapy. conclusion: Our observations suggest that alpha interferon may be a promising therapeutic agent for myeloproliferative disorders characterized by thrombocytosis.
HLA and T cell receptor β-chain DNA polymorphisms identify a distinct subset of patients with pauciarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and extend upon a reported association of a T cell receptor (TCR) V beta coding region polymorphism with pauciarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). METHODS TCR V beta 6.1 genotypes and haplotypes in JRA and control groups were determined by DNA amplification. RESULTS Haplotypes of the V beta 6.1 gene which encode a nonfunctional form of V beta 6.1 were significantly associated with pauciarticular JRA in patients possessing the HLA-DQA1*0101 allele (P = 0.0073). CONCLUSION A TCR V beta gene segment in the vicinity of V beta 6.1, possibly V beta 6.1, is apparently involved in the pathogenesis of pauciarticular-onset JRA in DQA1*0101-positive individuals.
The effects of statutory change on the civil commitment of the mentally ill

Several states have revised their civil commitment statutes in recent years. A majority of the recent revisions reflect judicial directives to provide more explicit commitment criteria, but in some instances, criteria have been broadened in reaction to the difficulty of getting some individuals hospitalized under strict criteria. Such statutory changes have impacted considerably on both process and outcome of the civil commitment system. Adoption of explicit commitment criteria has resulted most visibly in substantial reduction of hospital admissions and census. The present study examines the impact of explicit changes in commitment criteria in Florida following the 1982 enactment of amendments to the Baker Act. A total of 80 commitment hearings are reviewed before and after the law took effect to determine procedural effects of the law on degree of defense counsel advocacy, client dispositions, and on the court's adherence to more explicit criteria. State hospital admissions, discharge, and census information is examined in order to identify the larger impact of 1982 statutory changes on the commitment system. Evidence from hearings and state data suggests that changes in the Florida law impacted significantly on both process and outcome of the civil commitment system. Clients referred to commitment hearings are more dangerous, and may represent a new “hard-core” group remaining after more explicit eligibility criteria are applied by local intake, and emergency detention facilities. State hospital admissions and census in Florida declined significantly following enactment of the 1982 law, consistent with findings from other states enacting similar statutory reforms. Implications for deinstitutionalization policy and administration are discussed.
Transient two-dimensional diffusion along a high-diffusivity lamina which bisects a half-space*

The right half-space Ω is bisected by a high-diffusivity planar sheet Γ which lies along the x-axis. A sudden increase in the potential on ∂Ω (y-axis) causes longitudinal diffusion along Γ coupled with transverse diffusion from Γ into Ω. Restricting to the case of large diffusivity ratio, Γ to Ω, it is demonstrated that the problem possesses a sequence of three distinct time domains in which self-similar solutions become asymptotically valid. The early, intermediate, and late solutions are each functions of only two independent variables; they are universally valid for all parameter values; and they are easily computed and readily applied. Transitions between asymptotics are described by expansions in time, the perturbations being regular in the early-intermediate period but singular in the intermediate-late period. The considered problem is a linear example which affords the opportunity for comparison with Fourier-Laplace analysis, and has application to thermal or electric conduction, diffusion mass transfer, and Darcy-flow of fluid in a fractured or layered porous medium. Methodology and qualitative observations are applicable to more complex nonlinear problems of the same class.
A room-temperature TiO2-nanotube hydrogen sensor able to self-clean photoactively from environmental contamination

Described is a room-temperature hydrogen sensor comprised of a TiO2-nanotube array able to recover substantially from sensor poisoning through ultraviolet (UV) photocatalytic oxidation of the contaminating agent; in this case, various grades of motor oil. The TiO2 nanotubes comprising the sensor are a mixture of both anatase and rutile phases, having nominal dimensions of 22-nm inner diameter, 13.5-nm wall thickness, and 400-nm length, coated with a 10-nm-thick noncontinuous palladium layer. At 24 °C, in response to 1000 ppm of hydrogen, the sensors show a fully reversible change in electrical resistance of approximately 175,000%. Cyclic voltammograms using a 1 N KOH electrolyte under 170 mW/cm2 UV illumination show, for both a clean and an oil-contaminated sensor, anodic current densities of approximately 28 mA/cm2 at 2.5 V. The open circuit oxidation potential shows a shift from 0.5 V to −0.97 V upon UV illumination.
A role for phospholipid hydrolysis in the lysis of Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4

Abstract During the infection of Escherichia coli strain B with bacteriophage T4B, the composition of the cellular lipid changes markedly. Beginning 10–13 minutes after infection, the amount of free fatty acid in the cell increases greatly. This increase continues until complete lysis of the infected culture has occurred and results in 10–15% of the cellular lipid being converted to free fatty acid (a 50-fold increase over the level found in uninfected cells). It was shown that this free fatty acid is produced by the breakdown of the cellular phospholipid, not by the release of cell wall fatty acid or by the de novo synthesis of fatty acid. The production of free fatty acid appears to be induced by the infecting phage, as protein synthesis must occur after infection for this production to occur. The production of fatty acid is inhibited by puromycin (but not chloramphenicol) added early in the latent period. The production of free fatty acid (or the concomitant loss of phospholipid) is thought to be involved in the lysis of the infected cell, as this production is transiently inhibited by lysis inhibition caused by superinfection.
Antipsychotics: impact on prolactin levels

Hyperprolactinaemia has been associated with a variety of side effects including amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, sexual dysfunction, breast engorgement and osteoporosis. Since the mid-1970s, the impact of antipsychotics on human prolactin (hPrl) levels has been investigated. Baseline levels of hPrl were found to be similar in healthy controls and patients who were diagnosed as having schizophrenia. Short-term acute studies done after single parenteral or oral doses of phenothiazines found rapid two- to tenfold increases in hPrl. Similar increases were found in longer term studies that reported increases of three times in both men and women after 3 days that doubled again after several weeks of treatment. A study of longer term injectable fluphenazine enanthate found that elevation induced by a single injection lasted up to 28 days. The same results with significant increases have been reported with the butyrophenone, haloperidol. Substantial increases are found after single injections (up to nine times) and after weeks of treatment (up to three times sustained). Thus, early literature believed that there might be an association between these induced changes and response to therapy. However, prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is under inhibitory control of dopamine released from the tuberoinfundibular neurones. Thus, increases in prolactin are due to antipsychotic impact on tuberoinfundibular tract, one of four dopamine-related tracts. With the application of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics, it was found that medications can successfully treat psychosis without increasing hPrl. In fact, early single-dose trails found clozapine to reduce hPrl by 16%. Later studies replicated this result and also found that up to 6 weeks of administration led to reductions in hPrl of up to 80%. Risperidone, however, has been found to persistently elevate hPrl in studies, despite its impact on other receptor sites. Olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone have all been found to have little effect or produce decreases in hPrl. Most recently, aripiprazole, in early studies, appears to produce significant reductions in hPrl while maintaining therapeutic efficacy for psychosis.
Forced response of cylindrical shells coupled with nonlinear shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators regulated by sinusoidal and saw-tooth temperature profiles

Dynamic responses of cylindrical shells coupled with shape-memory alloy (SMA) ring segments placed at critical locations are investigated. Since the SMA actuators are highly nonlinear and governed by the temperate-dependent stiffness and martensite/austenite fraction, input shaping and phase shift of temperature profiles are incorporated to control the shell vibrations. Open-loop equations of an elastic cylindrical shell panel are defined first and then used with assumed mode-shape functions satisfying specified boundary conditions in the free-vibration analysis. Modal-analysis data are used to determine spatial strain distributions of natural modes. Distributed modal-signal characteristics suggest optimal placements of SMA actuator segment(s) for each given mnth mode. Based on the modal-expansion method, the open-loop control force induced by the SMA ring segments applied to a simply supported cylindrical shell panel is formulated. This formulation indicates that only the odd modes in the circumferential direction can be controlled. Longitudinal modes are controlled via placing specific number, depending on the mode, of actuator segments along the panel length. To predict control effects of the nonlinear SMA ring segments, the modal participation factor response is determined for an external harmonic excitation applied to the shell along with induced SMA control forces, via sinusoidal and saw-tooth temperature profiles to generate desirable control forces and to eliminate the unwanted effects. Analysis results suggest that with proper choice of temperature waveform function to the SMA ring segments and minor modifications to frequency and phase, the SMA ring segments can attenuate unwanted external vibrations of cylindrical shells.
The Influence of Personality on the Decision to Cheat

Seventeen transgressive behaviors were studied in the context of six personality variables using survey methods. The personality variables were impulsivity, sensation seeking, empathetic perspective taking, guilt, and shame, with social desirability used as a control. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a five-factor model as having the best fit. Those five factors are competitive cheating, self-cheating, school cheating, relationship cheating, and breaking a social contract. A structural equation model indicated that only impulsivity, sensation seeking, and empathetic perspective taking were related to frequency of transgressive behaviors, thus supporting the hypothesis that moral decision making has a critical automatic component.
Variability of solar ultraviolet irradiance.

A model of solar Lyman alpha irradiance developed by multiple linear regression analysis, including the daily values and 81-day running means of the full disk equivalent width of the Helium line at 1083 nm, predicts reasonably well both the short- and long-term variations observed in Lyman alpha. In contrast, Lyman alpha models calculated from the 10.7-cm radio flux overestimate the observed variations in the rising portion and maximum period of solar cycle, and underestimates them during solar minimum. Models are shown of Lyman alpha based on the He-line equivalent width and 10.7-cm radio flux for those time intervals when no satellite observations exist, namely back to 1974 and after April 1989, when the measurements of the Solar Mesosphere Satellite were terminated.
The simple distillation of homogeneous reactive mixtures

Abstract The equations describing the simple distillation of homogeneous reactive mixtures are derived, and residue curve maps are computed for ideal and non-ideal systems. These maps show that, by allowing the components of a liquid mixture to react, we can either create or eliminate distillation boundaries. It is also shown that not all non-reactive azeotropes appear as products of the distillation process. Knowledge of these features is fundamental for the design and synthesis of sequences of reactive distillation columns.
A Streptavidin–Protein a Chimera that allows one–step production of a variety of Specific Antibody Conjugates

We have expressed a gene fusion of streptavidin and the two immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding domains of protein A in Escherichia coli. The purified chimeric protein had full biotin-binding ability, and bound one IgG molecule per subunit (31.4 kD). The affinity of the chimeric protein both for biotin and IgG can be used to provide antibody molecules with additional recognition capabilities. For example, the chimera will allow any IgG molecule to be used for sensitive biotin-linked detection systems without the need for chemical modification.
Computationally efficient scoring of activity using demographics and connectivity of entities

Consider a collection of entities, where each may have some demographic properties, and where the entities may be linked in some kind of, perhaps social, network structure. Some of these entities are "of interest"--we call them active. What is the relative likelihood of each of the other entities being active? AFDL, Activity from Demographics and Links, is an algorithm designed to answer this question in a computationally-efficient manner. AFDL is able to work with demographic data, link data (including noisy links), or both; and it is able to process very large datasets quickly. This paper describes AFDL's feature extraction and classification algorithms, gives timing and accuracy results obtained for several datasets, and offers suggestions for its use in real-world situations.
A New Surgical Approach to Posterior Pilon Fractures

AbstractA posterior pilon fracture is a pilon variant that is a challenging injury to treat and can result in poor functional outcomes for patients. Owing primarily to the difficulty in approaching the fracture, there has been no widely accepted method of treatment. Treatments range from indirect re
A characterization of the radical of a Jordan algebra

The Jacobson radical of a Jordan algebra has been defined [5] as the maximal ideal consisting entirely of quasi-invertible elements. In this paper we shall obtain a characterization of the radical as the set of properly quasiinvertible elements, in analogy with the case of associative algebras. An element is properly quasi-invertible if it is quasi-invertible in all homotopes. (We show this characterization also works in the associative case). We apply our characterization of the radical of J to describe the radical of U,J, e an idempotent in J, and the radical of an ideal R C J. Throughout we use the notations and terminology of [4] for quadratic Jordan algebras over an arbitrary ring of scalars @. We recall the basic axioms for the composition U,y in the case of unital algebras:
Functional consequences of prenatal methylmercury exposure: effects on renal and hepatic responses to trophic stimuli and on renal excretory mechanisms

The effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury on the functional development of renal and hepatic response systems was examined in the developing rat. Methylmercury produced an elevation of basal activity of renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, an enzyme involved in regulation of cellular maturation) and an eventual relative hypertrophy; liver ODC was reduced and hypertrophy was not evident. In contrast, the reactivity of liver ODC to trophic stimulants (vasopressin, isoproterenol) was markedly enhanced by prenatal methylmercury exposure, whereas renal ODC responses were much less affected (vasopressin) or actually reduced (isoproterenol). Targeted actions of methylmercury on renal excretory function were also prominent, with increased fractional excretions of urea and electrolytes and an eventual reduction in glomerular filtration as assessed by creatinine clearance. In addition, the reactivity of the kidney to challenge with desmopressin was altered coincidentally with the appearance of the effects on basal clearance mechanisms. These studies show that doses of methylmercury ordinarily associated with selective actions on development of neurobehavioral patterns also influence the functional ontogeny of other organ systems; furthermore, the fact that the target tissues are different for prenatal vs. postnatal methylmercury exposure, indicates that the functional teratology of methylmercury exhibits critical periods of sensitivity.
Circularly polarized Raman spectra of IrCl62− and FeBr4−: Spin—orbit induced antisymmetry

Abstract Circular polarization measurements demonstrate that the depolarized scattering previously observed for the resonance enhanced A1 vibrational mode of IrCl62− and FeBr4− is antisymmetric in character. This effect is attributable to changes in orbital angular momentum via spin—orbit coupling, which introduce antisymmetric components in the electronic tensor associated with the Raman transitions. For IrCl6 2− spin—orbit coupling in the orbitally degenerate ground state induces anti-symmetry. The ground state of FeBr4− is an orbital singlet, and in this case antisymmetry is attributed to a spin—vibronic effect, i.e., vibronic coupling in the spin—orbit manifold of the excited charge-transfer states.
The Efficiency of State Child Support Enforcement Programs

The success of the Child Support Enforcement Program has been questionable since its inception in 1975. This paper attempts to measure the success of the state CSE programs through the development of several performance measures.
Rubens's Theory and Practice of the Imitation of Art

Rubens's extensive use of past art has always been recognized. It is here argued that this practice was defined by a carefully thought out theory of imitation. The most important evidence for this view, Rubens's essay De Imitatione Statuarum, is examined in depth. Points of correspondence between theory and practice are considered. Finally, the role of memory as the place of artistic imitation is examined.
Stem Cell Differentiation: Cardiac Repair

Cellular transplantation has been employed for several years to deliver donor cardiomyocytes to normal and injured hearts. Recent reports of a variety of stem cells with apparent cardiomyogenic potential have raised the possibility of cell transplantation-based therapeutic interventions for heart disease. Here we review the preclinical studies demonstrating that intracardiac transplantation of skeletal myoblasts, cardiomyocytes and cardiomyogenic stem cells is feasible. In addition, recent clinical studies of skeletal myoblast and adult stem cell transplantation for heart disease are discussed.
Improved InGaP/GaAs hetetointerfaces during gas-source MBE growth

Abstract The conditions for obtaining InGaP/GaAs heterointerfaces which are laterally uniform and atomically abrupt when grown by gas-source MBE are reported. Using in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, double crystal X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, the effects of a growth pause on the interfacial structure and composition of lattice-matched InGaP/GaAs multiple quantum well structures were studied. It was found that by providing sufficient time for annealing of the growth surface, interfacial regions which correspond to an intrinsic strain model of ideal InGaP/GaAs heteroepitaxial interfaces could be obtained.
Optical MEMS for Sensing Applications

We will review the current state of the art of the optical MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) technology for sensing applications. In particular, the surface-micromachined free-space micro-optical bench will be examined in detail.
New Grain Size Limits for Palaeomagnetic Stability in Haematite

HAEMATITE (α−Fe2O3) is an important carrier of natural remanence magnetization (NRM) in sedimentary rocks (such as red sandstones and shales, oceanic red clays) as well as in some volcanic rocks (such as highly oxidized basalts, ignim-brites) and monomineralic rocks (cassiterite, for example). To be useful to the palaeomagnetist, however, such haematite particles should preserve the integrity of the intensity and direction of their NRM over geological time-scales. One of the primary requirements, therefore, is that the grain size should fall between two size thresholds; the lower of these two is the superparamagnetic threshold (ds.p.) and the higher size corresponds to the multi-domain threshold (dm.p.). The importance of the superparamagnetic threshold in palaeomagnetism was illustrated by Creer1 in his study of the Keuper marl. He showed that the principal reason for the instability of NRM in this red rock was due to the haematite grains being smaller than ds.p. ; thus the thermal energy, kT, at room temperature was larger than the stabilizing magnetic anisotropy energy, vK, where volume v=πd 3 /6 and anisotropy energy per unit volume = K. Creer studied2 the variation of magnetization with grain size using synthetic haematite derived from dehydrated goethite. One concludes from his data that ds.p.,the superparamagnetic threshold in haematite, is less than 100 A since even at d=100 A, haematite exhibited field-dependent susceptibility. Strangway et al.3 used dehydrated natural goethite to establish the value of ds.p. and found it to be 5000 A, vastly different from the value of <100 A, concluded by us from Creer's work2. Kundig et al.4 prepared synthetic haematite in commercially available silica gel matrix and studied the onset of superparamagnetism using Mossbauer effect. Since these samples are not likely to be contaminated by goethite (goethite, in spite of being an antiferromagnetic compound, can possess weak ferromagnetism due to internal defects)3,5, the Moss-bauer-derived ds.p. of 150 A ought to be more reliable. Kundig's preparation technique was to soak silica gel samples with an inorganic iron salt solution and then heat the samples to prepare the haematite grains. This process leads to “clumping” and a large distribution of grain sizes and Dunlop (in the press) has pointed out the fact that Mossbauer effect measurements lead to the determination of the product (vK)s.p. and not vs.p. uniquely. Thus one should regard the Mossbauer derived ds.p. of 150 A as tentative, until purely magnetic measurements can establish uniquely the superparamagnetic threshold. In what follows we present a new ds.p. value using magnetic measurements on synthetic haematite particles, prepared by a modification of the technique of Kundig et al. leading to a much narrower size distribution.
A Series of Multicolor Electrochromic Ruthenium(II) Trisbipyridine Complexes: Synthesis and Electrochemistry

A series of 5,5‘-disubstituted 2,2‘-bipyridines and their corresponding tris complexes with ruthenium(II) have been synthesized. The substituents used (ketone, ester, nitrile, imide, and two amides) are all electron withdrawing in nature and, with one exception, contain a carbonyl group in the position α to the bipyridine ring. The reduction potentials of the free ligands and ruthenium complexes have been determined by cyclic voltammetry and are correlated with the Hammett σ constants of the substituents. Finally, the electron-withdrawing nature of these substituents shifts the reduction potentials of each complex sufficiently positive that up to six stable ligand-based reductions are observable. In these reduced oxidation states, all of the complexes display multicolor electrochromism.
Growth, mitosis and morphogenesis of the simple liver acinus in neonatal rats.

Abstract Radioautography after 3 H-thymidine injection, blockage of mitosis due to colchicine and camera lucida drawings were used to study growth, mitosis and morphogenesis in the simple liver acinus of Rappaport in neonatal rats. Hepatic parenchymal cell plates are irregularly arranged and thick from birth to 4 days postpartum. By 10 days the plates begin to assume the adult configuration, irregular and thick in acinar zone 1 (periportal) but straight and thin in acinar zone 3 (pericentral). After a single injection of 3 H-thymidine at birth the distribution of labeled nuclei among the hepatic acinar zones was such that zone 1 contained most, zone 3 least, and zone 2 an intermediate amount. This relationship remained constant out to 10 days postpartum. The amount of labeled cells within each zone varied, reaching its highest values at 2 days in zones 1 and 2 but not until 4 days in zone 3. Similar to the distribution of labeled nuclei, frequency of mitosis also exhibited a constant relationship of zone 1 > zone 2 > zone 3, but peaks of cell division within each zone were not always present. All three zones displayed a peak of mitosis at 4 days, whereas a second mitotic peak at 10 days was attained only by cells in zones 1 and 2. Conclusions are: (1) The neonatal liver is an expanding cell population with most of the expansion confined to acinar zones 1 and 2, (2) the period of 4–6 days postpartum is critical and could be the time when acinar metabolic zones are forming, (3) the irregular arrangement of cell plates in the center of the acinus (zone 1) may act to dampen arterial pulsations and allow adequate mixing of arterial and venous blood, (4) immediate postnatal growth of the liver acinus, as shown by an increase in its width, is due primarily to an increase in cell number since individual cell size does not increase.
Substance Use Disorders Treatment for Sexual Minority Women

The substance abuse treatment literature has overlooked the needs of sexual minority clients in general, but particularly sexual minority women, a category including lesbians, bisexual women, and women with same-sex experiences or attractions who do not use the aforementioned labels. Sexual minority women have rates of substance use disorders that exceed rates of heterosexual women, are as likely or more likely to seek help, and are likely to have treatment issues that differ from sexual minority men and heterosexual women. This review of the literature focuses treatment availability, access, and identifying elements of culturally-sensitive treatment for sexual minority women, with a special focus on minority stress. Some potential best practices for sexual minority women include trauma-informed treatment systems, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender–responsive agencies, welcoming and inclusive climate, and linkages with sexual minority women's community resources and social networks.
Human chromosome 12 is required for elevated HIV-1 expression in human-hamster hybrid cells

Host cell factors act together with regulatory genes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to control virus production. Human-Chinese hamster ovary hybrid cell clones were used to probe for human chromosomes involved in regulating HIV gene expression. DNA transfection experiments showed that 4 of 18 clones had high levels of HIV gene expression measured by both extracellular virus production and transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat in the presence of the trans-activator (tat) gene. Karyotype analyses revealed a 94% concordance (17/18) between human chromosome 12 and HIV gene expression. Other chromosomes had an 11 to 72% concordance with virus production.
TACTFUL APPOINTMENT BOOK CONTROL.

All the issues discussed here hinge on whether the dentist wants to control his practice or to obey his appointment book.
The development of corpus callosum microstructure and associations with bimanual task performance in healthy adolescents

Cross-sectional and longitudinal volumetric studies suggest that the corpus callosum (CC) continues to mature structurally from infancy to adulthood. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides in vivo information about the directional organization of white matter microstructure and shows potential for elucidating even more subtle brain changes during adolescent development. We used DTI to examine CC microstructure in healthy right-handed adolescents (n=92, ages 9-24 years) and correlated the imaging data with motor task performance. The primary DTI variable was fractional anisotropy (FA), which reflects the degree of white matter's directional organization. Participants completed an alternating finger tapping test to assess interhemispheric transfer and motor speed. Task performance was significantly correlated with age. Analyses of variance indicated that 9- to 11-year-olds generally performed worse than each of the older groups. Males outperformed females. Significant positive correlations between age and FA were observed in the splenium of the CC, which interconnects posterior cortical regions. Analyses of variance indicated that individuals older than 18 years had significantly higher FA than 9- to 11-year-olds. FA levels in the genu and splenium correlated significantly with task performance. Regression analyses indicated that bimanual coordination was significantly predicted by age, gender, and splenium FA. Decreases in alternating finger tapping time and increases in FA likely reflect increased myelination in the CC and more efficient neuronal signal transmission. These findings expand upon existing neuroimaging reports of CC development by showing associations between bimanual coordination and white matter microstructural organization in an adolescent sample.
Using the Chandra ACIS x-ray imager as a background particle flux detector

The ACIS instrument aboard the Chandra Observatory can be easily damaged by low-energy charged particles, principally protons that implant themselves in the X-ray sensitive CCDs, creating charge traps that degrade the energy resolution and detection efficiency. During periods of high background radiation, ACIS must be moved out of the focal plane of the Chandra telescope and, whenever possible, this action should be taken autonomously since the spacecraft only maintains ground contact for limited periods. The EPHIN detector has been monitoring the particle background since Chandra was launched in 1999, but it is no longer sufficiently sensitive, so the question arose whether ACIS could take over this task. Examining the ACIS data archive, a particular measured quantity—the rate of occurrence of CCD pixels found to contain electric charge that exceeded a predetermined threshold—was often correlated with particle background flux. An algorithm was developed to distinguish this behavior from random fluctuations in the above-threshold rate and the algorithm parameters were adjusted to find the maximum number of high radiation flux “triggers” from the data archive with the minimum number of false positives. The algorithm has been encoded as a patch to ACIS flight software and, after extensive ground testing, has been installed within the instrument.
Phorbol esters stimulate the potassium-induced release of cholecystokinin from slices of cerebral cortex, caudato-putamen and hippocampus incubated invitro

Summary Incubation of slices of caudato-putamen, cerebral cortex and hippocampus for 5 to 15 minutes with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased potassium evoked cholecystokinin (CCK) release from 139% to 296% of control. The inactive 4 α phorbol and 4 α PDB did not alter CCK release. None of the active or inactive phorbols tested altered basal CCK release. These results suggest that there may be similarities in the regulation of CCK release in different brain regions. Although the physiological factors which regulate CCK release may differ in these tissues, it is possible that their common action is mediated by the products of inositol phospholipid turnover.
Prognosis of patients ≽70 years of age with non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction compared with younger patients with similar infarcts and with patients ≥70 years of age with Q-wave acute myocardial infarction

Abstract In this study, 70 patients ≥70 years of age admitted to the coronary care unit with non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were followed prospectively for 1 year, and the clinical course in these patients was compared with that in 61 patients
MODELING OF LATERAL JETS INJECTED INTO SWIRLING CROSSFLOW

Abstract A numerical prediction procedure for the computation of turbulent swirling flows is being used to predict the nonreacting flowfield inside a can combustor with lateral jet injection. The three-dimensional code utilizes a finite-difference explicit time marching scheme in cylindrical coordinates. Turbulence is simulated by means of the two-equation k-ϵ model. Predictions of the time-averaged flowfield of a deflected turbulent jet in a cylindrically confined nonswirling and swirling crossfiow are presented. The effect of jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios of 2, 4, and 6 in a crossflow with swirl strengths (swirler vane angle) of 0°, 45°, and 70° are investigated. Second-order upwind differencing scheme is utilized for the advection terms in the momentum equation to minimize numerical diffusion error. The predicted velocity profiles exhibit good agreement with experiments.
Quantitative structure-activity analyses of nitrobenzene toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis

Toxicity data for the 50% growth inhibitory concentration against Tetrahymena pyriformis (log (IGC50-1)) for 42 alkyl- and halogen-substituted nitro- and dinitrobenzenes were obtained experimentally. Log (IGC50-1) along with the hydrophobicity, the logarithm of the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow), and the molecular orbital properties, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (Elumo) and maximum acceptor superdelocalizability (Amax), were used to develop quantitative structure−activity relationships (QSARs). All the nitroaromatic compounds tested had toxicity in excess of baseline, nonpolar narcosis. The nitrobenzenes were thought to elicit their toxic response through multiple (and mixed) mechanisms. No high-quality relationship was observed between toxicity and hydrophobicity, or Elumo, individually. However, a strong relationship {log (IGC50-1) = 16.4(Amax) − 4.64; n = 42, r2 = 0.847, s = 0.279, F = 229} was obtained. In an effort to improve predictability, two-parameter QSAR, or r...