cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized Overlap Regions for Communication Optimization in Data-Parallel Programs

Data-parallel languages such as High Performance Fortran, Vienna Fortran and Fortran D include directives for alignment and distribution that describe how data and computation are mapped onto the processors in a distributed-memory multiprocessor. A compiler for these language that generates code for each processor has to compute the sequence of local memory addresses accessed by each processor and the sequence of sends and receives for a given processor to access non-local data. While the address generation problem has received much attention, issues in communication have not been dealt with extensively. A novel approach for the management of communication sets and strategies for local storage of remote references is presented. Algorithms for deriving communication patterns are discussed first. Then, two schemes that extend the notion of a local array by providing storage for non-local elements (called overlap regions) interspersed throughout the storage for the local portion are presented. The two schemes, namely course padding and column padding enhance locality of reference significantly at the cost of a small overhead due to unpacking of messages. The performance of these schemes are compared to the traditional buffer-based approach and improvements of up to 30% in total time are demonstrated. Several message optimizations such as offset communication, message aggregation and coalescing are also discussed.
Irreducible representations of the alternating group in odd characteristic

First published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 125 (1997), published by the American Mathematical Society
Evaluation of the esophagogastric junction using high resolution manometry and esophageal pressure topography

AbstractBackground The assessment of the esophagogastricjunction (EGJ) is the most challenging aspect of clin-ical esophageal manometry. Although conventionalmanometric systems can be optimized toward inter-rogating speciﬁc aspects of the EGJ, they are too lim-ited in recording channels and/or ﬁdelity for acomprehensive assessment. The technological ad-vantages inherent in high resolution manometry(HRM) with esophageal pressure topography (EPT)analysis substantially change this equation providinga technology sufﬁciently robust to dynamically recordthe contractile activity within the EGJ with both goodﬁdelity and good spatial resolution.Purpose This review is an update on our under-standing of the application of HRM and EPT to theanalysis of EGJ function. With respect to sphincterrelaxation, the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) hasproven to be a robust metric in differentiating intactfrom impaired EGJ relaxation. In the process, it re-vealed that impaired EGJ relaxation could occur notonly in the setting of achalasia but also with othercauses of EGJ outﬂow obstruction including hiatushernia. The morphological description of the EGJ byEPT has also revealed not only a spectrum of ab-normality ranging from an intact sphincter to overtherniation, but also the surprise ﬁnding of sponta-neous conversion among sphincter conﬁgurations,emphasizing its dynamic nature. With respect tobarrier function, preliminary data have refocused onthe crural diaphragm as a key-differentiating featurebetween preserved and compromised function. Fi-nally, although the accomplishments summarizedabove are substantial, much work remains to fullyexploit the potential of EPT in the clinical character-ization of the EGJ.Keywords esophagogastricjunction,gastro-esophagealreﬂuxdisease,loweresophagealsphincter,manometry.Abbreviations: CD, crural diaphragm; EGJ, esophagoga-stric junction; GERD, gastro-esophageal reflux disease;HRM, high resolution manometry; LES, lower esophagealsphincter.
Object-oriented RuleML: user-level roles, URI-grounded clauses, and order-sorted terms

This paper describes an Object-Oriented extension to RuleML as a modular combination of three sublanguages. (1) User-level roles provide frame-like slot representations as unordered argument collections in atoms and complex terms. (2) URI-grounded clauses allow for 'webizing' using URIs as object identifiers for facts and rules. (3) Order-sorted terms permit typed variables via Web links into taxonomies such as RDF Schema class hierarchies, thus reusing the Semantic Web's light-weight ontologies. Besides introducing the first sublanguage with the Positional-Roled (ASCII) syntax, all three sublanguages are introduced with the OO RuleML (XML) syntax. Their semantics are sketched and their implementation paths are discussed.
Money Doesn't Talk, It Swears: How Economic Stress and Resistance Resources Impact Inner-City Women's Depressive Mood

We examined the differential impact of chronic versus acute economic stress on depressive mood among a sample of 1241 low-income, single, European and African American women. Based on Hobfoll's (1988, 1989) conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predicted that acute resource loss would be more distressing than chronic economic lack. That is, although chronically impoverished conditions are stressful, the attendant resource losses created will be more distressing. We further predicted that mastery and social support would be more beneficial in offsetting the negative consequences of acute resource loss than the negative consequences of chronic economic lack, because acute loss creates identifiable demands that resources may address. Hence, we hypothesized that mastery and social support would show stress buffering effects only for material loss, not chronic lack. The findings generally supported the hypotheses, but mastery buffered only European American women's resource loss and social support buffered only African American women's resource loss. The findings are discussed in light of implications for prevention within theoretical and cultural contexts.
Pediatric Cardiac MRI

MRI plays an important complementary role to echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function in children with cardiovascular disease in the pre-operative and post-operative period. Recent technological advancements including free breathing capabilities, improved image resolution, ultra-short imaging time, and real-time imaging, a spurt in clinical validation studies, and the lack of ionizing radiation have all combined to significantly expand the indications for MRI in pediatric cardiovascular disease over the last several years. This chapter provides an overview of relevant technical parameters in children, critical imaging findings and role of imaging in management of common congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases in children.
Upper Lip Reconstruction With the Alar Crescent Flap: A New Approach

Purpose The alar crescent advancement flap technique has been widely used for repair of large central defects of the upper lip and base of the nose because of its 1-stage procedural simplicity and good results. Several more complicated and multiple staged procedures that respect either structure or function, often compromising one to achieve the other, have become popular and have recently taken its place. However, these procedures are more complex and in many cases require a staged approach. In this study, we present a series of 33 patients who underwent reconstruction of large upper lip defects utilizing alar crescent flaps between 1992 and 2002. Patients and Methods A series of 20 patients underwent reconstruction of large upper lip defects using alar crescent flaps between 1992 and 2002. Malignant etiologies were responsible for the defect in all patients. Reconstruction was performed as a 1-staged procedure in 19 cases. In 1 patient with a total upper lip defect, bilateral alar crescent flaps were used in conjunction with a cross lip flap that was later divided in a second stage procedure. Results All patients tolerated the procedure well with no major complications. Minor complications not requiring surgical intervention occurred in 5 patients. During the 12- to 60-month follow-up, all patients were found to be satisfied with the functional result. However, 7 patients underwent minor surgical procedures for esthetic improvement. There was no recurrence of disease in the 20 patients who underwent resection of malignancy. Conclusions In these 20 cases, we have shown the utility of the alar crescent flap for varying length partial and full-thickness reconstruction of upper lip defects. This simple and straightforward technique provided good functional and esthetic results. The disadvantage of this procedure is the loss of philtral anatomic detail. Its primary advantage is that it is a single-stage procedure with a relatively low morbidity and patient inconvenience. As a single-stage technique it satisfies concerns over cost containment over more complex and staged procedures while still providing a good functional and cosmetic result. Furthermore, for those same reasons, this procedure is a good first choice in the elderly.
Analytic Properties of Single-Particle Propagators for Many-Fermion Systems

Certain general properties of single-particle propagators for a system of interacting fermions are derived. In addition, the properties of the proper self-energy part ${G}_{k}(\ensuremath{\zeta})$ which were used in previous work on the ground-state energy and on the Fermi surface are established. In particular, the fact that to all orders of perturbation theory in the interaction, $\mathrm{Im} {G}_{k}(x\ensuremath{-}i{0}^{+})$ behaves like ${C}_{k}{(x\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu})}^{2}$ (${C}_{k}g0$) for $x$ very near $\ensuremath{\mu}$, is proved.
Robust mixture model cluster analysis using adaptive kernels

The traditional mixture model assumes that a dataset is composed of several populations of Gaussian distributions. In real life, however, data often do not fit the restrictions of normality very well. It is likely that data from a single population exhibiting either asymmetrical or heavy-tail behavior could be erroneously modeled as two populations, resulting in suboptimal decisions. To avoid these pitfalls, we generalize the mixture model using adaptive kernel density estimators. Because kernel density estimators enforce no functional form, we can adapt to non-normal asymmetric, kurtotic, and tail characteristics in each population independently. This, in effect, robustifies mixture modeling. We adapt two computational algorithms, genetic algorithm with regularized Mahalanobis distance and genetic expectation maximization algorithm, to optimize the kernel mixture model (KMM) and use results from robust estimation theory in order to data-adaptively regularize both. Finally, we likewise extend the informat...
A CONTINUOUS LIQUID SHEET GENERATOR FOR ION STRIPPING

Many of the technical problems of generating a large thin liquid sheet from 0.02–0.20 μ thick (3–40 μ/cm2) have been solved. It is shown that this perennial sheet is stable and consonant in dimension. Several ion beam species from the SuperHILAC have been used for evaluation; at 0.11 MeV/n. In one of three modes this sheet serves as an equivalent substitute for a carbon foil. The second mode is characterized by a solid-like charge state distribution but with a varying fraction of unstripped ions. The third mode gives stripping performance akin to a vapor stripping medium.
CHOOSING A DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Despite potential pitfalls, users of information technology are increasingly finding it advantageous to interconnect to “network” computer systems. In fact, the widespread use of networking is becoming the next major wave in the evolution of information technology.
Signaling pathways in cranial chondrosarcoma: potential molecular targets for directed chemotherapy

Cranial chondrosarcoma is an indolent tumor of the skull base, which is difficult to treat due to its inaccessible location. The current mainstay of treatment is surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. To date, chemotherapy has been largely ineffective for chondrosarcoma due to a lack of targeted therapies. This review highlights numerous active signaling pathways that have been described in human chondrosarcoma. A limited number of functional experiments suggest that integrin activation at the cell surface results in upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix degradation, leading to increased tumor cell migration. This pathway appears to be dependent on phosphoinositide-3 kinase and MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Additionally, chondrosarcoma cell proliferation and degradation is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activity, with a loss of PPAR-γ expression and associated apoptosis in high-grade tumors. The data suggest that targeting these pathways may improve control of cranial chondrosarcoma and decrease the need for hazardous recurrent operations.
Teaching smart grids: Yet another challenge and opportunity for transforming power systems curriculum

The combined industry changes, technological and organizational, have brought about new complexity from the highest level system to the smallest level component. The consequent burden on new technical leaders is enormous. Most of all, they must be capable of rethinking how to plan, rebuild and operate an infrastructure which has been turned upside-down from what it used to be. In order to prepare for such major challenge, leaders must understand 3-φ physics (the basic foundations); modeling of complex systems (architecture-dependent models, components and their interactions, performance objectives); dependence of models on sensors and actuators; design for desired system performance (defined by economic policy and engineering specifications); numerical methods and algorithms, and IT, in its broadest sense.
Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disorders

The concept of screening newborns for inherited metabolic disorders was the brainchild of Robert Guthrie, an upstate New York microbiologist with a passion to prevent the devastating and irreversible neurologic damage sustained by victims of untreated phenylketonuria (PKU). The solution he developed was a simple and inexpensive bacterial inhibition assay for phenylalanine in blood (1). He also invented a unique method of specimen collection, in which peripheral blood was collected from a newborn’s pricked heel onto a special cotton fiber filter-paper known as a “PKU card” or “Guthrie card”. After the blood had dried, the specimen was mailed to a laboratory that would identify any child at risk for PKU from a concentration of phenylalanine above an age-matched control limit. Further diagnostic testing was then required to determine whether the disease was present. Treating affected children with a phenylalanine-depleted diet, started within the first month of life, was effective in preventing mental retardation. Unable to persuade the state of New York to conduct newborn screening with the test, Guthrie convinced Massachusetts that the cost of screening the entire population of newborns and treating affected children with the special diet was less than the cost to society of untreated PKU cases. Thus, in 1963 began state-mandated newborn screening for PKU (2). The test was gradually adopted by other states and eventually by countries all over the world. The success of PKU screening in dried blood spots (DBS), which identifies ∼200 new cases annually in the United States alone, prompted the addition of tests for other disorders that fit the PKU paradigm. By the …
A web-based interactive system for risk management of potato late blight in Michigan

A web-based expert system was developed to help potato growers in Michigan make important decisions on optimal use and timing of fungicide applications to mitigate the risk of potato late blight (PLB) disease development. The system was developed around a relational database which stores information on PLB risk which is generated using a PLB prediction model implemented in Perl. The model uses data on relative humidity and temperature from a network of automated weather stations in Michigan to estimate if environmental conditions are favorable for PLB epidemic development. Management recommendations are then produced based on the level of risk. Information stored in the database is presented to users through a series of interactive web pages which are dynamically generated through a combination of Perl and PHP scripts which interface between the website and relational database. This system differs from traditional systems in two major ways. Firstly, the system is web-based and interactive, allowing growers to access site specific, weather-based recommendations through their personal computer without the purchase or installation of additional equipment and/or software. Secondly, the system incorporates geographic proximity of known PLB occurrences and data from a network of regional weather stations into daily risk estimates and management recommendations for 48 locations in Michigan. Recommendations include application timing and spray rates for common fungicides. The interactive website is accessible over the web at URL: http://www.lateblight.org.
A Plant Homeodomain in Rag-2 that Binds Hypermethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 Is Necessary for Efficient Antigen-Receptor-Gene Rearrangement

V(D)J recombination is initiated by the recombination activating gene (RAG) proteins RAG-1 and RAG-2. The ability of antigen-receptor-gene segments to undergo V(D)J recombination is correlated with spatially- and temporally-restricted chromatin modifications. We have found that RAG-2 bound specifically to histone H3 and that this binding was absolutely dependent on dimethylation or trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me2 or H3K4me3). The interaction required a noncanonical plant homeodomain (PHD) that had previously been described within the noncore region of RAG-2. Binding of the RAG-2 PHD finger to chromatin across the IgH D-J(H)-C locus showed a strong correlation with the distribution of trimethylated histone H3 K4. Mutation of a conserved tryptophan residue in the RAG-2 PHD finger abolished binding to H3K4me3 and greatly impaired recombination of extrachromosomal and endogenous immunoglobulin gene segments. Together, these findings are consistent with the interpretation that recognition of hypermethylated histone H3 K4 promotes efficient V(D)J recombination in vivo.
The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration

Using psychometric meta-analysis, the authors present a quantitative and qualitative review (k = 205, total pairwise N = 62,527) of the literature relating trait and state positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) to job-related attitudes, including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and dimensions of job burnout. Results indicated substantial correlations, ranging in absolute value from -.17 (PA and turnover intentions; NA and personal accomplishment) to.54 (NA and emotional exhaustion). Correlational results largely were consistent across hypothesized and exploratory moderator conditions. Meta-analytic multiple regression results generally supported the unique contribution of each affect to each attitude variable of interest. Implications and suggestions for future research on emotion-related aspects of job attitudes are discussed.
EUS-guided drainage of a mediastinal abscess

A 61-year-old man with esophageal adenocarcinoma underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy and gastric pull-through. The initial postoperative course was without adverse events, and he was discharged home. However, on day 7 the patient was readmitted with fever, rapid atrial fibrillation, and leukocytosis. Chest CT scan revealed a 6.3 cm 4.6 cm mediastinal abscess adjacent to the gastric pull-through (Fig. 1; Video 1, available online at www. giejournal.org). EUS-guided drainage was performed. The echoendoscope was positioned within the stomach, and the mediastinal collection was well visualized endosonographically. The abscess was punctured with a 19-G needle while Doppler flow imaging was used to avoid the mediastinal vessels. A 0.035-inch guidewire was coiled within the abscess. The tract was dilated with a 4.4F catheter. A double-lumen catheter was advanced over the guidewire into the collection. A second 0.035-inch guidewire was passed through the second lumen of the catheter to facilitate the placement of 2 wires within the mediastinal abscess. Two 7F 5cm double pigtail catheters were then advanced over the wires and placed across the tract. The patient experienced rapid resolution of symptoms. He was afebrile and in normal sinus rhythm with downtrending white blood cell count the next day. A repeated CT scan in 4 weeks confirmed resolution of the abscess. Upper endoscopy was performed to remove the pigtail stents with a snare. EUS-guided drainage of a mediastinal abscess was safely performed. The small diameter of the stents prevented the need for large tract dilatation, which can be associated with bleeding. Successful stent placement, resolution of the collection, and stent removal was achieved over a 4-week period and avoided and prevented the need for repeated invasive surgery. The patient remains well at 3-month follow-up.
Practical Energy-Aware Link Adaptation for MIMO-OFDM Systems

In this paper, we present a practical link adaptation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed solution is based on sounding the channel periodically and choosing the optimal mode that will maximize the throughput or energy efficiency (EE) while satisfying the application's quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, we address practical problems such as the computational complexity of the algorithm and determination of sounding period by novel closed form solutions and iterative algorithms. Realistic link level simulations confirm that the proposed solution achieves significant improvement over existing link adaptation algorithms when the aim is to maximize the throughput, and provides orders of magnitude gain in energy efficiency compared to poorly chosen fixed modes when used for energy efficiency maximization purposes. The resulting algorithms are implemented on a real time MIMO-OFDM testbed, and we report on the experimental results.
Abstract B85: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates pancreatic cancer progression by accelerating tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis due to late detection and rapid progression to metastasis. ADAM10 is a membrane bound metalloproteinase responsible for shedding bioactive molecules and inducing regulated intramembrane proteolysis of cell surface proteins such as Notch and CD44. Both ADAM10 and Notch are over expressed in patients with PDA, with the latter being implicated in PDA progression. We have found that genetic ablation of ADAM10 in the KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mouse PDA model altered tumor character to favor a cystic phenotype, mixed with typical pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA. Though ADAM10 knockout mice retain the ability to form locally invasive cancer, they live 50% longer than control mice, essentially to a normal murine lifespan. Together, these phenotypes closely mimic Notch-2 knockout mice, consistent with ADAM10's role as the primary Notch activating proteinase. Further examination revealed that ADAM10 knockout mice did not show significant liver or lung metastasis compared to control, despite their local invasiveness, suggesting a role for ADAM10 in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) population possibly also through its regulation of Notch activity. Indeed, ADAM10 knockout mice show reduced expression of the Notch target, Hes-1, a protein over expressed in primary tumors and liver metastasis. Currently, we are investigating if ADAM10 knockout mice have a reduced CSC population by measuring the number of invasive pancreatic CSCs compared to controls. Citation Format: Jason Hall, Howard Crawford. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates pancreatic cancer progression by accelerating tumorigenesis and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B85.
Water-Conduction in the Stems of Certain Conifers

IN a laboratory study of the rate of flow of water through sapwood samples of Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britt., Pinus nigra Arnold, and P. radiata D. Don., the effective water-conducting areas were determined by using aqueous solutions of various dyes. It was observed that water-flow in the direction of the grain was restricted to the early wood, and that the late wood only became coloured, if at all, by later diffusion of dye, especially along wood rays. When acid fuchsin was used the wood became almost uniformly coloured due to the ready diffusion of this dye across the late wood, but when safranin was used the late wood remained unstained.
Radiative decays of the δ(980) in a vector-dominance model

A vector-dominance model is used to calculate the widths of the three- and four-body radiative decays of the $\ensuremath{\delta}(980)$.
Drug-protein binding interferences caused by the plasticizer TBEP.

Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer used in the rubber stoppers of evacuated blood collection tubes which disrupts the binding of basic drugs to the carrier protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). When blood drawn for therapeutic monitoring is exposed to TBEP, drug-protein binding is disrupted leading to increased free drug which is taken into red blood cells, resulting in decreased serum drug levels. Units of donor blood were spiked with quinidine or lidocaine and then exposed under various conditions to stoppers with and without TBEP. Total drug levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay as were free drug levels after equilibrium dialysis. AAG levels were determined by rate nephelometry. TBEP lowered quinidine levels by 11% at 8.20 μmol/L and by 32% at 4.38 μmol/L; lidocaine levels were reduced by 10% at 32.39 μmol/L and by 18% at 12.74 μmol/L. Exposure to TBEP increased free lidocaine from 66.7% to 80.0% of total lidocaine in the serum. The TBEP effect is diminished when the AAG level is low.
Foliar nutrient dynamics in tidal and non-tidal freshwater forested wetlands

Abstract Foliar nutrient dynamics were studied at 8 forest stands (three non-tidal and five tidal) along the lower 30 km of the Apalachicola River system in Florida, USA, during 2008. At each site, we sampled canopy foliage and litterfall from three to four trees representative of the dominant overstory species. Foliage and litterfall were analyzed for a variety of elements including N and P and these data were used to examine differences in element concentrations, nutrient ratios (C:P, C:N, and N:P), nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient proficiency. Measurements of tree diameter at basal height (DBH) at each plot were used with species allometric equations to estimate forest litterfall dry weight and N and P flux in non-tidal and tidal wetlands. Both non-tidal and tidal wetlands showed evidence of P limitation based on N:P ratios, but absolute levels of P were determined to be extremely low in tidal wetlands based on higher nutrient use efficiencies (measures of both P resorption efficiency and proficiency). Differences in P concentrations and fluxes between tidal and non-tidal wetlands are probably related to longer inundation and hydrologic export observed in tidal wetlands. Using estimations of annual litterfall dry weight and nutrient concentrations, N and P flux in non-tidal swamps were 2–4 times greater than in tidal wetlands. This study demonstrates the change in nutrient dynamics as wetlands shift from tidal to non-tidal conditions.
Cytomorphologic findings of Schneiderian papilloma: a case report.

Schneiderian papilloma or inverted papilloma (IP) is the most common sinonasal papilloma yet a rare tumor with the greatest potential for recurrence and local destruction and association with malignant transformation. Tissue biopsy is routinely performed to examine these lesions. However, Fine needle aspiration may provide an immediate diagnosis. Herein, we report cytomorphologic findings of IP in a 46-year-old man with histopathologic correlation and review of the literature. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross-well seismic modeling with inclusion of tube waves and tube-wave-related arrivals

[1] Cross-well seismic data often contain strong tube waves and tube-wave-related arrivals due to the effects of the presence of two boreholes. A basic requirement for accurate cross-well seismic modeling and data processing is inclusion of these events. We use a 2-D velocity-stress variable-grid finite-difference parallel code for efficient cross-well field data modeling with inclusion of the two perforated cased boreholes. The synthetics resemble the field observations in terms of arrival times not only on P- and S-waves but also on tube waves and tube-wave-related secondary arrivals generated by perforations in the receiver and source wells. This study demonstrates that including boreholes into the modeling scheme can distinguish tube-wave-related events on seismograms to better assist data analysis and to guide data processing and interpretation.
The boundaries of sequential modulations: evidence for set-level control.

We examined the sequential modulation of congruency effects using a task in which the irrelevant information shares the same stimulus dimensions as the relevant information but is presented at an earlier time. In Experiment 1, sequential modulations were observed within a stimulus modality but not between stimulus modalities. In Experiment 2, sequential modulations were observed across two sets of visual stimuli, even though the two sets involved distinct stimulus dimensions. Experiment 3 used the same stimuli as Experiment 2, but required different responses for the two sets of stimuli. In this case, sequential modulations were specific to the stimulus set. In Experiment 4, two stimulus sets were presented along two stimulus modalities, and sequential modulations crossed both set and modality boundaries. These results suggest that control processes obey flexible boundaries defined by task constraints. Selecting task-relevant information and making the appropriate response is a fundamental aspect of goal-directed behavior. To study the processes supporting this ability, psychologists often turn to response conflict tasks in which the stimulus display offers multiple sources of information, some consistent with the appro- priate response and some not. For example, the Stroop, Simon, and flanker tasks have all been the focus of considerable research for many years, leading to rigorous models of how the human infor- mation processing system resolves conflict between competing responses in these situations. In each of these tasks, response conflict is measured by in- creased reaction time (RT) on trials in which task-irrelevant infor- mation indicates an incorrect response (incongruent trials) com- pared to trials in which the task-irrelevant information indicates the correct response (congruent trials). Recently, researchers have begun to focus on sequential modulations of the congruency effect that are observed in all three of these tasks. First reported by Gratton and colleagues (1992, see also Sturmer, Leuthold, Soetens, Schroter, & Sommer, 2002) in the flanker task, smaller (or even reversed) differences between incongruent and congruent trials are observed following incongruent trials than following congruent trials. That is, the congruency effect is reduced after an incongru- ent trial compared to after a congruent trial. In the present paper, we refer to these changes in congruency effects as sequential modulations (as in Kunde, 2003; Wendt, Kluew, & Peters, 2006). An appealingly straightforward account of sequential modula- tions holds that they reflect changes in how selective attention is deployed given the detection of conflict, a hypothesis sometimes termed conflict adaptation. In their groundbreaking paper, Botvin- ick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen (2001) proposed a four-part model of control in which conflict is resolved by manipulating input attention to different dimensions or features within the stim- ulus display. According to this conflict monitoring hypothesis ,a
Superconvergence to the central limit and failure of the Cramér theorem for free random variables

We show that convergence of the semicircle law in the free central limit theorem for bounded random variables is much better than expected. Thus, the distributions which tend to the semicircle become absolutely continuous in finite time, and the densities converge in a very strong sense. We also show that the semicircle law is the free convolution of laws which are not semicircular, thus proving that Cramer's classical result for the normal distribution does not have a free counterpart.
Magnetic Field Strength Fluctuations and Temperature in the Heliosheath

We analyze high-resolution observations of the magnetic field strength B made by Voyager 2 (V2) in the heliosheath behind the termination shock from 2007 day of year 245-301. The magnetic field strength is highly variable during intervals of several hours, with large jumps in B on scales of minutes to a few hours. The distributions of increments of B are kurtotic on scales from 48 s to 1.7 hr owing to large tails produced by the jumps in B, and they are approximately Gaussian on the scale of 6.8 hr. The distributions of increments of B are described accurately by the q-Gaussian distribution of nonextensive statistical mechanics on scales of 48 s to 6.8 hr. The entropic index q is a function of scale, and it has a broad peak between 192 and 3072 s centered at 770 s. The characteristic width of the jumps in B(t) in four intervals is L 150,000 km, consistent with the scale of the maximum value of the entropic index. The characteristic width L is a multiple n of the pickup proton gyroradius, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 17, approximately. From L we estimate that the pickup proton temperature T in the post-shock flow is of the order of 2.5 × 106 K if n = 9 or 1.3 × 107 K if n = 4. Given more accurate estimates of n, it will be possible to use this method to estimate T in the heliosheath as a function of time and distance.
Effective conductivities of thin-interphase composites

Abstract A method is presented for approximating the effective conductivity of composite media with thin interphase regions, which is exact to first order in the interphase thickness. The approximations are computationally efficient in the sense the fields need to be computed only in a reference composite in which the interphases have been replaced by perfect interfaces. The results apply whether any two phases of the composite are separated by a single interphase or multiple interphases, whether the conductivities of the composite phases are isotropic or anisotropic, and whether the thickness of an interphase is uniform or varies as a function of position. It is assumed that the conductivities of the interphase materials have intermediate values as opposed to very high or very low conductivities.
Establishing Operations, Yes, Molecular Analysis, No

(2001). Establishing Operations, Yes, Molecular Analysis, No. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 37-41.
EMSAM (deprenyl patch): how a promising antidepressant was underutilized.

The EMSAM patch is a unique monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) being the only antidepressant utilizing a transdermal delivery system. This was welcomed by clinicians who hoped that EMSAM would be better tolerated than oral MAOIs and non-MAOI antidepressants, as well as being effective for treatment in a wide spectrum of depressed patients including atypical depression, bipolar depression, and refractory depression. Unfortunately, the clinical use of EMSAM has been underutilized and its potential usefulness overlooked. This article suggests that fear of possible side effects, particularly the “cheese reaction” and serotonin syndrome, are some of the main contributors to underutilization by clinicians. These risks have been significantly exaggerated with the 6 mg/day dose not even requiring a special diet. Other contributing factors leading to underutilization are reviewed such as: the lack of studies addressing many important clinical questions; inadequate data analyses; not evaluating the effect of EMSAM on comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly anxiety disorders; lack of antidepressant comparators versus EMSAM; no dose–response relationship examined; various depressive subtypes and conditions are unexplored, eg, bipolar depression and refractory depression; poor insurance coverage for an expensive medication; as well as minimal marketing efforts and postmarketing studies. On the other hand, many potential advantages of EMSAM are not highlighted enough in the literature and by pharmaceutical companies which might have increased clinical interest and utilization of the antidepressant. For example, the advantages of EMSAM include: avoidance of swallowing issues, as can be seen with oral antidepressants; minimal side effects, probably due to a favorable pharmacokinetic profile; minimal evidence of suicidal behavior, probably relating to the transdermal route of administration; low rates of inducing hypomanic/manic episodes; as well as significant efficacy in “anxious depression” and atypical depression. Recent efforts in conducting some post hoc analyses and presentations on EMSAM may yet stimulate further clinical interest and use of this antidepressant.
Expected Aggregate Demand, the Production Period and the Keynesian Theory of Aggregate Supply

A common charge levelled against Keynesian economics is that it fails to adequately address the supply side of the economy. Yet Keynes was clearly concerned about aggregate supply as is evident from the prominent role given to the aggregate supply function in Chapter 3 of The General Theory. That this is so is not surprising, since it is hard to address the question of employment determination without addressing the production decision of firms.
Hydration of isocyanates in an expandable, self-assembled capsule

A self-assembled capsule facilitates reactions of isocyanates with water. The capsule provides an amphiphilic environment with hydrophobic aromatic ends and hydrophilic glycoluril units at the center. Reaction takes place in the narrow, cylindrical space to form the N,N-dialkylurea, which then appears in a longer capsule.
Effects of Topography on Fronts

Abstract The hydrostatic Boussinesq equations are used to simulate the passage of fronts over a two-dimensional mountain in a cyclic domain. The fronts are forced by a confluent, periodic deformation field that moves with the uniform mean flow over the mountain. The initial conditions are selected to give a cold front confined to the lower part of the domain. Fourth-order diffusion terms are included in the numerical model to control energy cascade to the grid size scale. A numerical frontogenesis experiment with no topography produces a realistic surface front in about two days. Numerical solutions for flow over the mountain with no front are found by integrating the equations from the initial conditions, which are semigeostrophic steady-state solutions. Various mountains are considered that have the same height but different widths. The numerical solutions for wide mountains remain close to the semigeostrophic initial conditions, while for narrower mountains vertically propagating waves and a hydraulic ...
Chest pain in children: diagnosis through history and physical examination.

Abstract ABSTRACT Introduction: Chest pain is a common complaint in the pediatric age group and can be a physically and emotionally distressing symptom. Although chest pain in children rarely indicates serious cardiac problems, chest pain is perceived as "heart pain" to most children and their families and presents a diagnostic challenge to health care providers. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to identify specific factors in history taking and physical examination that permit accurate diagnosis of the cause of pediatric chest pain. Fifty children (ages 5–21 years; mean, 13 years), referred to the cardiology clinic with the chief complaint of chest pain, underwent systematic history taking, physical examination, and electrocardiogram testing. Results: The following diagnoses were made: 38 children (76%) had musculoskeletal/costochondral chest pain, 6 children (12%) had exercise-induced asthma, 4 children (8%) had chest pain resulting from gastrointestinal causes, and 2 children (4%) had chest pain resulting from psychogenic causes. Discussion: All the children in this study had noncardiac causes of their chest pain. This finding supports previous research suggesting that chest pain in children is rarely of cardiac origin. This article reviews the causes of pediatric chest pain and suggests an approach to its evaluation and management. J Pediatr Health Care. (2000). 14 , 3–8.
“Little Alien Colonies”: Representations of Immigrants and Their Neighborhoods in Social Work Discourse, 1875–1924

The “vexed problem of immigration,” as Jane Addams (1909, 214) termed it, became a central issue for the emerging social work profession. Through a close reading of social work’s public documents in the period from 1875 to 1924, this article analyzes the complex discursive mechanisms by which early social workers made immigrants and their environments legible as objects of intervention and advocacy. In particular, it examines the parallel social and moral calculi employed in social work’s analysis of immigrants and their “little alien colonies” (e.g., Greenleigh 1941, 208). Despite good intentions, social workers often viewed immigrants as dependent, abject, and exotic subjects; at a deeper register than their expressed interest in “the needs and possibilities of the immigrant” (Abbott 1917, 282), social work representations underscored and supported the problematization of immigrants in the public discourse. Contemporary social work faces many of the same dilemmas in fashioning a response to immigration.
Cavity Ringdown Spectrum of the T1(n,π*) ← S0 Transition of 4-Cyclopentene-1,3-dione

The cavity ringdown absorption spectrum of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione was recorded near 487 nm in a room-temperature gas cell. The very weak band system (e ≈ 0.05 dm3 mol−1 cm−1) in this region is du...
Novel elements in the uteroglobin promoter are a functional target for prolactin signaling.

Abstract To quantify uteroglobin (UG) gene expression, varying lengths of 5′ flanking sequence were subcloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid and introduced into HRE-H9 uterine epithelial cells. In response to estrogen, prolactin (PRL) and progesterone, transcriptional activity was maximal for the full-length construct, pUG3.1-LUC. Transcriptional activity was reduced (P 0.05) the PRL effect. These data support the speculation that RUSH proteins which bind to this region of the promoter play an important regulatory role in PRL signal transduction.
Evidence for microbunching "sidebands" in a saturated free-electron laser using coherent optical transition radiation

We report the first measurements of z -dependent coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) due to electron-beam microbunching at high gains (>10(4) ) including saturation of a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL). In these experiments the fundamental wavelength was near 530 nm, and the COTR spectra exhibit the transition from simple spectra to complex spectra (5% spectral width) after saturation. The COTR intensity growth and angular distribution data are reported as well as the evidence for transverse spectral dependencies and an "effective" core of the beam being involved in microbunching.
Career commitment: Functions, correlates, and management

Because of the longitudinal nature of careers, career commitment would seem to be important for career development and progression. Yet it has received little attention in the career literature. Th...
QRS morphology-dependent, concordant frequency distribution of single and repetitive forms of ventricular ectopic activity.

We tested the relationship between the frequency of single premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) of specific QRS morphologies and repetitive forms (RF) of ≥ 2 PVCs. Fourteen patients with multiform PVCs and RFs underwent 8-hour, two-channel continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. After a 2-hour baseline, procainamide was administered intravenously at 25 mg/min until PVC suppression or 1000 mg. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate the frequencies of repetitive forms initiated by PVCs of the most frequent QRS morphology (M1) and the second most frequent QRS morphology (M2) to the frequency of M1 and M2 single PVCs. Parallel changes in the frequency of M1 RFs and M1 PVCs occurred in 9 of 14 patients and parallel changes in the frequency of M2 RFs and M2 PVCs occurred in 7 of 14 patients (i.e., the relationships were concordant). In two patients, M1 RFs related to M2 PVC frequency; in three patients, M2 RFs related to M1 PVC frequency (i.e., the relationships were discordant). Thus concordant frequency distributions were present in 16 or 28 (57%) comparisons, while a discordant relationship occurred in only 5 of 28 (18%) comparisons (p < 0.005). In conclusion, there is frequent concordance in the frequency distribution of single multiform PVCs and of RFs initiated by PVCs of the same QRS morphology during a pharmacologic intervention. This relationship was demonstrable for PVCs of at least one specific QRS morphology in 13 of the 14 patients studied. Concordance was independent of the absolute frequency of the initiating PVC, suggesting one mechanism whereby RF suppression may become independent of total PVC suppression.
Mossbauer studies of anhydrous hemoglobin and its subunits.

The similarities in the Mossbauer spectra of Hb and its α and β subunits, both in the oxygenated and deoxygenated states, were observed. The relative intensities of the absorption dips in the Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe in anhydrohemoglobin (AHb) and anhydrous separated alpha (Aα) and beta (Aβ) chain samples were found to be very sensitive to the conditions of samples preparation. This indicates the formation of hemochromogen as an impurity in the absorbers during the process of preparation. When contributions due to the impurity in the samples were subtracted, Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe in AHb, Aα, and Aβ remained similar. Therefore, the electronic structure of the iron cation is the same for Hb and its subunits in the anhydrous state also.
Mental Accounting and Other-Regarding Behavior: Evidence from the Lab

This paper uncovers a key determinant of the other-regarding behavior that permeates bargaining experiments. Examining a one-shot dictator game that has the first-mover dictate the split of an amount of money, dictators acting over earned money exhibited self-interested behavior in 76% of bargains. This result stands in stark contrast to the baseline experiment in which dictators acting over allocated money displayed self-interested behavior in only 26% of bargains. Self-interested behavior appeared at greater levels using an earnings protocol than any previous variation of the dictator game. While the distinction between earned and unearned wealth is likely context specific, the earnings protocol may be an important option for future laboratory research. Specifically, the earnings protocol may provide a closer correspondence between the laboratory and individual choices over personal assets.