cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crop conversion impacts on runoff and sediment loads in the Upper Sunflower River watershed.

Abstract The Mississippi River alluvial floodplain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States. In recent decades, factors of economic forces and government policies have driven crop selection and respective farming management changes in this region. This study quantified the effects of changes in crop conversion and farming management practices to discharge and sediment loads in the Upper Sunflower River watershed. Farming and climate conditions were dynamically characterized in space and time by integrating annual crop yield at the county scale, annual crop irrigation in the field scale, and an enhanced description of precipitation. This information was used as input into the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) watershed pollution model to describe existing conditions and simulate alternative scenarios. Simulations considering high irrigation adoption indicated 15% average annual percent change increase in short-term flow during the months of June, July, and August at the outlet. Conversely, simulations considering future trends in crop conversion to corn/soybean production indicates a potential reduction in average annual sediment loads for clay and silt, respectively, to 4.6 Mg/ha and 0.41 Mg/ha from 5.5 Mg/ha and 0.44 Mg/ha for existing conditions. As irrigation increases and crop production continues to shift towards corn/soybeans, these findings support the development of responsible irrigation management strategies designed for efficient water usage coupled with implementation of in field conservation practices for reduced sediment loads.
The Reflective Teaching Log (RTL): Effective Documentation of Participatory Teaching Requirements

We created a reflective teaching log for a student-as-teacher elective to track students’ required participatory teaching and to provide a mechanism for reflective evaluation. This Minute Paper–based log is easy to use and can be adapted to similar programs capturing insights of students’ teaching experiences and supports reflective learning.
Parameter Extraction With BSIM-IMG Compact Model

Abstract This chapter discusses the parameter extraction procedure of the BSIM-IMG model. Every model has its own flow and it is crucial to carefully understand that for parameter extraction. We consider several variables like temperature, geometry, biases, etc. to give a coherent picture of the parameter extraction method.
Phenibut Addiction in a Patient with Substance Use Disorder

Phenibut, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog, is a synthetic, nootropic GABAB receptor agonist used to treat anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, and other conditions. The drug is licensed and widely used in Russia however, phenibut can be purchased through online vendors in other countries. The current literature on the effects of phenibut intoxication and withdrawal in humans is limited. In this case report, a 23-year-old male with a history of heavy phenibut and alcohol use presented to the emergency department with suicidal thoughts, somatic complaints, and seeking help with detoxification. His history and physical revealed symptoms indicative of alcohol withdrawal, but the extended period of his symptoms suggested an additive effect of his phenibut use. This unique case report illustrates how concurrent and heavy use of phenibut with alcohol may contribute to an extended and exacerbated withdrawal syndrome.
Changing Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Role of Surveillance

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for more than 800,000 deaths globally. In the United States, HCC is the fastest growing cause of cancer deaths. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of HCC, followed by alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The contribution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to HCC incidence and mortality is expected to increase in future based on epidemiological and mathematical modeling studies. Routine HCC surveillance (or screening) is recommended in these high-risk groups, which can detect early-stage treatable cancers. Despite its important role in early HCC detection, adherence to surveillance remains low due to multiple provider- and patient-related issues. In order to increase the value of surveillance program to impact prognosis of future HCC cases, surveillance should be tailored according to the emerging risk factors to maximize its cost-effectiveness.
Examination of Extraction Conditions of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Content in Domestic Phellodendron amurense Leaves

Phellodendron amurense is a broad-leaved tree; its outer bark and cork layers are removed and used as a crude medicinal agent known as Phellodendri Cortex. These trees are cultivated for approximately 15 to 20 years, harvested by felling, and processed by separating the outer and inner bark. Conventionally, parts other than the inner bark (i.e., fruit, leaves, and heartwood) remain unused. However, the revenue earned from by-products could contribute to continued cultivation of Phellodendron amurense. Herein, we examined the extraction condition and investigated the content of chlorogenic acid in the leaves of domestic Phellodendron amurense, which possesses antioxidant activity.
Common Data, Uncommon Use: Dining Hall Meal Swipes Predict Retention and Graduation

By the time “Mia” found her way to the resident director's office at the end of her first semester, it was too late: she had decided to leave the university. As her resident director listened, Mia ...
VetLink: A Livestock Disease-Management System

Diagnosing, preventing, and treating animal diseases have always been important issues for the livestock industry. Having the ability to receive timely information pertaining to their sick animals is extremely useful for livestock producers, who usually live in rural areas where it is difficult to get immediate access to a veterinarian. Advances in technology have made it possible to improve human health care through e-health approaches, such as the popular website WebMD. A similar tactic could be borrowed to enhance and improve veterinary care for farmers in the livestock industry.
Chapter 23 – Policy Configuration

Publisher Summary NetScreen firewalls use different components to build policies. There are several required components for a policy. This chapter explores these components and how to create them for use in a policy. Components can be created via the Web user interface (WebUI) or the command line interface (CLI). Each method generates the same result, but the process is different. The chapter begins with discussing the main ideas of policies on a NetScreen firewall. When creating the list of policies one must create policies from least specific to most specific. This applies the specific policies first to the traffic as the least specific policies may unintendedly match your traffic. Three types of polices are considered and how and where they take effect is discussed. All three policies are very similar, but they are classified based upon the combination of zones in the policy. When creating policies on a NetScreen firewall, one builds them out of components. These components must be created before one makes a policy. Each one of the components for a NetScreen firewall is treated as an object. The components that are discussed in this chapter are the main components for a policy. Address objects represent hosts or subnets of IP addresses. Service objects can be a strange concept. Many competitive firewall products create services as a single protocol. If one wants to create several services and represents them as a compilation one must make a group. On a NetScreen firewall, a service object can contain up to eight protocols. This allows one to take an entire suite of protocols and make them into one logical object. Finally, this chapter makes use of components that are created to form policies.
Clinical analysis of 17 cases of neonatal Kasabach-Merritt syndrome

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS).Methods The data from 17 KMS patients that had been definitely diagnosed from December,2007 to January,2012 in our tertiary center were collected retrospectively.Results We described 17 patients,13 of whom were male and 4 of whom were female,with an age range of 17 hours to 28 days.Of the 17 cases,4 cases had hemangioma of internal organs,13 on the surface of the body.All of them had thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction.Seventeen cases were initially treated with corticosteroids.The responses were varied:excellent and rapid improvement (n =6),failure (n =11),recurrence (n =3).Then the cases of failure and recurrence accepted artery embolization:excellent and rapid improvement (n =8),failure (n =4),recurrence (n =1),with 1 giving up.At last,the cases resistant to artery embolization therapy accepted vincristine therapy.Four cases had rapid improvement,and 1 died from disseminated intravascular coagulation.In this study,a response rate to corticosteroids was 35.3％,and the recurrent rate was 50％.The response rate to artery embolization was 61.5％.Five patients unresponsive to hormone therapy and artery embolism were treated with vincristine,and the effective rate was 80％.Conclusion In the therapy of neonatal KMS,the resistant to corticosteroids is common.Combinative therapy of corticosteroids with artery embolization is recommended as the first-line therapy.Vincristine is suggested as a therapy when there is resistance to the other therapy. Key words: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome; Neonate; Corticosteroids; Artery embolization; Vincristine
Molecular Breast Imaging-guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Breast Lesions: A New Frontier on Breast Intervention

Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is an increasingly recognized nuclear medicine imaging modality to detect breast lesions suspicious for malignancy. Recent advances have allowed the development of tissue sampling of MBI-detected lesions using a single-headed camera (breast-specific gamma imaging system) or a dual-headed camera system (MBI system). In this article, we will review current indications of MBI, differences of the two single- and dual-headed camera systems, the appropriate selection of biopsy equipment, billing considerations, and radiation safety. It will also include practical considerations and guidance on how to integrate MBI and MBI-guided biopsy in the current breast imaging workflow.
How Gender Differences in Emotional Cutoff and Reactivity Influence Couple’s Sexual and Relational Outcomes

We evaluated gender differences in differentiation of self, specifically addressing aspects of emotional cutoff (EC) and emotional reactivity (ER), and their association with relational and sexual ...
Case Studies in Housing and Political Advertising Regulation

This is Chapter 19 of our Advertising and Marketing Law casebook, a chapter we are publishing only online. It takes a deeper look at how law regulates two specific advertising situations: (1) discriminatory advertising, principally in the housing context, and (2) political advertising.
Abstract 16882: Exercise Prescription Patterns After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Insights From a Large Multinational Registry

Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of myocardial infarction in otherwise healthy and most times presumably fit young women. In the absence of evidence...
Low Size, Weight, and Power Neuromorphic Computing to Improve Combustion Engine Efficiency

Neuromorphic computing offers one path forward for AI at the edge. However, accessing and effectively utilizing a neuromorphic hardware platform is non-trivial. In this work, we present a complete pipeline for neuromorphic computing at the edge, including a small, inexpensive, low-power, FPGA-based neuromorphic hardware platform, a training algorithm for designing spiking neural networks for neuromorphic hardware, and a software framework for connecting those components. We demonstrate this pipeline on a real-world application, engine control for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. We illustrate how we connect engine simulations with neuromorphic hardware simulations and training software to produce hardware-compatible spiking neural networks that perform engine control to improve fuel efficiency. We present initial results on the performance of these spiking neural networks and illustrate that they outperform open-loop engine control. We also give size, weight, and power estimates for a deployed solution of this type.
Research on improved time difference estimation algorithm based on fourth-order cumulant in UHF PD location

Ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection technology is a fast-developing method for partial discharge (PD) diagnosis of electrical equipment in recent years. Extracting accurate time difference is the priority for PD location in electrical equipment using UHF technology. An improved time difference estimation algorithm based on fourth-order cumulants was first proposed in this article. It mainly included the following two steps, that is using the "correlation-shift-superposition" transformation method to process multiple samples collected from a PD source at first, and then utilizing the statistical characteristics of the fourth-order cumulant to calculate the time difference. In addition, the accuracy and stability of the improved algorithm and the other three common methods were compared. The calculation results show that the improved time difference estimation algorithm based on the fourth-order cumulant can obtain a more accurate and stable time difference than the other three methods. Improved time difference estimation algorithm based on fourth-order cumulant can approximately meet the requirements for reliable location of PD sources.
Towards Futuristic Autonomous Experimentation--A Surprise-Reacting Sequential Experiment Policy.

An autonomous experimentation platform in manufacturing is supposedly capable of conducting a sequential search for finding suitable manufacturing conditions for advanced materials by itself or even for discovering new materials with minimal human intervention. The core of the intelligent control of such platforms is the policy directing sequential experiments, namely, to decide where to conduct the next experiment based on what has been done thus far. Such policy inevitably trades off exploitation versus exploration and the current practice is under the Bayesian optimization framework using the expected improvement criterion or its variants. We discuss whether it is beneficial to trade off exploitation versus exploration by measuring the element and degree of surprise associated with the immediate past observation. We devise a surprise-reacting policy using two existing surprise metrics, known as the Shannon surprise and Bayesian surprise. Our analysis shows that the surprise-reacting policy appears to be better suited for quickly characterizing the overall landscape of a response surface or a design place under resource constraints. We argue that such capability is much needed for futuristic autonomous experimentation platforms. We do not claim that we have a fully autonomous experimentation platform, but believe that our current effort sheds new lights or provides a different view angle as researchers are racing to elevate the autonomy of various primitive autonomous experimentation systems.
Construction of Co1E1 RNA1 mutants and analysis of their function in vivo.

We have carried out experiments designed to investigate the relationship between structure and function for the ColE1 RNA1 species. RNA1 is a small RNA (108 nucleotides) that has been implicated in copy number control of the multicopy plasmid ColE1. In vitro, RNA1 inhibits the processing of the primer precursor required for initiation of DNA replication. The RNA1 gene is entirely complementary to the 5’-terminal region of the primer. We have functionally separated these 2 RNA species by cloning the RNA1 gene downstream from the S. marscesens trp promoter. When cloned in a ColE1-compatible plasmid, a trp-RNA1 fusion has been shown to mediate ColE1-type incompatibility in vivo. The construction scheme described here also generates mutant RNA1 species with altered sequences at the 5’ terminus of RNA1 which have been assayed for function in vivo. These experiments have indicated that sequences at the 5’ terminus play a critical role in RNA1 function.
XXVII. Discussion of the currents in the branches of a Wheatstone's Bridge, where each branch contains resistance and inductance, and there is an harmonic impressed electromotive force

(1897). XXVII. Discussion of the currents in the branches of a Wheatstone's Bridge, where each branch contains resistance and inductance, and there is an harmonic impressed electromotive force. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 43, No. 262, pp. 161-172.
Right ventricle landmark detection using multiscale HOG and random forest classifier

This paper presents an efficient and robust approach to detect right ventricular landmark points in short axis cardiac MRI, based on multiscale HOG descriptor and random forest classifier. First, candidate landmark locations are determined using multiscale Harris corner detector. Multiscale HOG descriptor is then extracted at the candidate search locations. A probabilistic random forest classifier model is trained to discriminate landmark points from non-landmark regions. The landmark position is then estimated as the weighted average of the candidate locations where weights are computed from the probability scores derived from the classifier. Experimental result performed on an image set of 15 patients demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method with average error (Euclidean distance between the detected landmark and the manually annotated landmark points) of 5.06 pixels. Contrary to most existing approaches, our proposed method has minor dependency to prior segmentation of right ventricle, hence is less affected by plausible segmentation error.
Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine

We selected 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in a cat cell culture system. The characterization of one of these mutants was facilitated by the development of a focal immunoassay which could accurately measure FIV infectivity. This assay was used to quantitate the susceptibility of FIV to various inhibitors. The AZT-resistant mutant was found to be cross-resistant to 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine but remained sensitive to several other inhibitors (2',3'-dideoxyinosine, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine, and phosphonoformate). These patterns of cross-resistance and sensitivity were similar to those of the AZT-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that has recently been isolated from patients with AIDS (B. A. Larder and S. D. Kemp, Science 246:1155-1158, 1989). Like the AZT-resistant HIV, purified reverse transcriptase from mutant FIV failed to show resistance to the 5'-triphosphate of AZT. This mutant can be used in the FIV model system to study the mechanisms of drug resistance and to determine the pathogenicity of AZT-resistant mutants.
Common Concepts in Materials Characterization, Introduction

One may view this chapter as a preparatory entrance to subsequent chapters of Characterization of Materials. We expect that each article of this chapter will be separately valuable to readers as they refer to it for concepts and procedures underlying many of those covered in articles about specific measurement methods in subsequent chapters. Of course, not every topic covered by an article in this chapter will be relevant to every measurement method covered later. However, the concepts in this chapter are sufficiently common to appear repeatedly in a materials research context. Keywords: common concepts; basic measurements and properties
A Tale of Two Tensions: Balancing Access to Credit and Credit Risk in Mortgage Underwriting

Over the years 2000–2007, mortgage market underwriting conditions eased in response to public policy demands for increased homeownership. This easing of acceptable credit risk in order to accommodate increased access to credit, when coupled with the unanticipated house price declines during the Great Recession, resulted in substantial increases in delinquencies and foreclosures. The response to this mortgage market crisis led to myriad changes in the industry, including tightened underwriting standards and new market regulations. The result is a growing concern that credit standards are now too tight, restricting the recovery of the housing market. Faced with this history, policy analysts, regulators and industry participants have been forced to consider how best to balance the tension inherent in managing mortgage credit risk without unduly restricting access to credit. Our research is unique in providing explicit consideration of this trade-off in the context of mortgage underwriting. Using recent mortgage market data, we explore whether modern automated underwriting systems (AUS) can be used to extend credit to borrowers responsibly, with a particular focus on target populations that include minorities and those with low and moderate incomes. We find that modern AUS do offer a potentially valuable tool for balancing the tensions of extending credit at acceptable risks, either by using scorecards that mix through-the-cycle and stress scorecard approaches or by adjusting the cutpoint—more relaxed cutpoints allow for higher levels of default while providing more access, tighter cutpoints accept fewer borrowers while allowing less credit risk.
The aspps System

The aspps system is an answer-set programming system based on the extended logic of propositional schemata [2], which allows variables but not function symbols in the language. We denote this logic PS +. A theory in the logic PS + is a pair (D,P), where D is a set of ground atoms (only constant symbols as arguments) representing an instance of a problem (input data), and P is a set of PS+-clauses representing a program (an abstraction of a problem). The meaning of a PS +-theory T = (D,P) is given by a family of PS +-models [2].
School Counselor Supervisors' Perceptions of the Discrimination Model of Supervision

The authors examined 38 school counselor supervisors' perceptions of the Discrimination Model (DM; Bernard, 1979, 1997) of supervision, replicating and extending Ellis and Dell's (1986) investigation of the DM with mental health counselor supervisors. Participants judged the dissimilarity of each unique combination of roles and foci of the DM. The authors conducted a confirmatory multidimensional scaling analysis to compare the implicit dimensions and constructs that school counselor and mental health counselor supervisors used to make decisions. Results suggested partial similarities in the conceptual maps of school counselor and mental health counselor supervisors. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Speciation of Phosphorus in a Fertilized, Reduced-Till Soil System: In-Field Treatment Incubation Study

Phosphorus management in reduced-tillage systems is a great concern for farmers. Conclusive positive results of deep-banding P fertilizers compared with broadcast application and the chemistry of reduced-tillage systems remain unclear. Knowledge of the dominant solid P species present in soil following application of P fertilizers and the resulting potential P availability would help us understand and efficiently manage P in reduced-tillage systems. The objective of this research was to study the influence of placement (broadcast vs. deep-band P), fertilizer source (granular vs. liquid P), and time on the reaction products of P under field conditions. Changes in soil pH, resin-extractable P, total P, and speciation of P were determined at different distances from the point of fertilizer application at 5 wk and 6 mo after P application at a rate of 75 kg ha⁻¹ to a soil system that was under long-term reduced tillage. Resin-extractable P was lower for broadcast treatments compared with deep-band treatments for both time periods. Resin-extractable P was greater in the liquid P-treated soils than in the granular P-treated soils. Speciation results showed that granular P fertilizers tended to form Fe–P-like forms, whereas liquid forms remained in adsorbed P-like forms in the soil 5 wk after application; moreover, speciation results showed granular P fertilizers precipitated less when deep-banded. During the 6-mo period following application, reaction products of broadcast granular, broadcast liquid, and deep-band granular fertilizers transformed to Ca-phosphate or mixtures of Ca-, Fe- and adsorbed-phosphate-like forms, whereas deep-band liquid P remained as mainly adsorbed P-like forms. Deep-banding of P would most likely provide a solution that is both agronomically and environmentally efficient for reduced-till farmers.
Upper Airway Injury and Its Management

Injuries to the upper airways are rare, but carry a significant morbidity and mortality. The degree of injury and presentation varies; thus recognition often requires a high index of suspicion based on mechanism. Effective management of laryngotracheal injuries begins with immediate control of the airway whether by orotracheal and surgical route. Definitive management of upper airway injuries relies on an understanding of the anatomy of the larynx, trachea and surrounding structures. Associated injuries are common and must be addressed concomitantly. Postoperative complications are frequent, requiring perioperative vigilance and long-term follow-up to ensure best outcome.
A field guide to equational logic

GEORGE F. McNULTYDepartment of Mathematics, University of South CarolinaColumbia, SC 29208, USA(mcnultyOmilo. math. sarolina. edu)(Received 12 May 1992)1. IntroductionThe concepts that can be expressed by means of equations and the kinds of proofs thatmay be devised using equations are central concerns of equational logic. The concept ofa ring is ordinarily presented by saying that a ring is a system (R, +, -, ,0,1) in whichthe following equations are true:A ring is an algebra-meaning here a nonempty set endowed with a system of finitaryoperations. Equations, on the other hand, are certain strings of formal symbols. Theconcept of truth establishes a binary relation between equations and algebras: an equations ;t; t is
Touch, compliance, and interpersonal affect

This study investigated the effects of touch on compliance to a help request. The experimenter's initiation of touch during the request did increase compliance as measured by time spent scoring bogus personality inventories. The hypothesized role of attraction in mediating the touch-compliance link was not supported. Instead, touch may have served to indicate status or power differences that influenced subjects to comply. A sex of subject × sex of experimenter interaction was manifested in female subjects complying more to female experimenters than did subjects in any other sex pairing.
Long-term persistent infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus.

Summary Juvenile rhesus macaques 6 to 18 months of age were experimentally infected by intravenous inoculation with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the T cell-tropic retrovirus of monkeys related to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus HIV. The SIV used for inoculation was grown either in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 or in the human tumour cell line HUT-78. Eight of the macaques died 129 to 352 days post-inoculation with a variety of clinical and pathological findings paralleling those of AIDS in humans. However eight other animals became persistently infected for prolonged periods; these eight macaques remained alive at 537 and 820 days post-inoculation despite persistent lymphadenopathy and our continued ability to isolate SIV. The ability of these monkeys to survive infection correlated directly with the strength of their antibody response to SIV. Infection was also established in macaques using approximately 100 tissue culture infectious doses of HUT-78-grown SIV. There was no correlation between the dose of virus inoculum and either the strength of the antibody response or clinical outcome. These results demonstrate that SIV infection of macaques can be used not only to study acute AIDS but also to mimic the long-term persistent infection seen in carriers of HIV.
Is dispositional emotional intelligence synonymous with personality

To examine the utility of dispositional models of emotional intelligence (EI), two studies (Ns = 263, 116) examined whether dispositional EI predicted psychological health independent of personality. Participants completed measures of three EI dispositions (perception, understanding, regulation), Big-Five traits, psychological well-being and emotional distress. In Study 2 participants completed the health scales a second time three months later. Results revealed that dispositional EI is related to health outcomes cross-sectionally (Study 1) and predicts changes in health over time (Study 2), after controlling for the Big-Five. These findings suggest that dispositional EI is not synonymous with personality and predicts meaningful life outcomes above and beyond the Big-Five personality traits. These findings have implications for the theoretical conceptualization and measurement of emotional intelligence.
A variable- force microvascular clip

An easily adjustable, variable-force microvascular clip is described. This clip is superior to other clips currently available because it is essentially three clips in one. Its advantages are that it can reduce the amount of table area needed to store clips during surgery and it offers the surgeon greater flexibility in the selection of clips with different closing forces. This clip was developed by modifying the segments of a basic alpha-type clip, designing a computer program to analyze the force contributions made by each segment of the clip, constructing several clips with different blade lengths, and testing them in a microvascular surgery research program. The clip we have developed is easy to use, reduces clutter on the instrument table, aand offers the surgeon a wide choice of closing forces with a minimal number of clips.
Electron microdiffraction studies of the potential field at crystal surfaces

Abstract Microdiffraction patterns, obtained when an electron beam of small diameter (of the order of 1 nm) runs parallel to the flat face of a small crystal, show effects dependent on the extension of the electrostatic potential field of the crystal into the vacuum. Patterns from small MgO smoke crystals obtained with a modified scanning transmission electron microscope show strong streaks extending from the zero, or other, diffraction spots and the appearance of spots in the positions of forbidden reflections. The main features of the patterns can be explained by use of a simple, geometric optics model and the assumption of a mathematically simple form for the potential field allows reasonable agreement between the predicted and observed dependence on experimental parameters such as the crystal thickness in the beam direction.
Molecular dynamics computer simulation of magnetisation by an electromagnetic field

Abstract The first molecular dynamics computer simulation of magnetisation ( M ) by an electromagnetic field reveals that M has a characteristic dependence on the laser frequency which can be used in principle as a novel kind of non-linear spectroscopy of a variety of useful materials.
Parasitiods Utilizing the Same Host: Adaptive Nature of Differences in Size and Form

Eleven hymenopterous parasitoid species commonly exploit one sawfly host, Neodiprion swainei. A comparison of the area of forewing, structure of ovary, and length of ovipositor of some of these species is revealing. The three guilds of parasitoids that attck the larval, eonymphal, and cocoon stages of the host, respectively, face different problems in host exploitation. Females of the larval parasitoid guild have large egg production and large wings. They are adapted to exploit a relatively abundant, easily discovered stage of the host, but their progeny are subject to high mortality while in the host. Females of the cocoon parasitoid guild have small wings and low egg production. They seek a scarcer, well—concealed stage of the host, and their progeny sufer less mortality. Members of the eonymphal parasitoid guild show intermediate characteristics. Among the cocoon parasitoids, the species have different ovipositor lengths, presumably allowing them to utilize segments of the host population, either different size classes or hosts that are buried at different depths in the forest litter. Comparison of ovipositor lengths indicates how similar the species can be in size, and therefore larval food exploitation, before competitive displacement prevents coexistence.
Left-lateral intraplate deformation along the ancestral rocky mountains: Implications for late paleozoic plate motions

Abstract North America underwent synchronous orogenic events during the late Paleozoic along its eastern margin (Alleghanian orogeny), southern margin (Ouachita orogeny), and within the southwestern part of the continent (Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny). All three orogenies were initiated in the late Mississippian to early Pennsylvanian, reached the greatest intensity in the middle Pennsylvanian, and ended in the early Permian. The Alleghanian and Ouachita orogenies have been related to the closing of the proto-Atlantic and the collision between North America and South America-Africa: it is here proposed that the Ancestral Rocky Mountains were produced by a collision between eastern North America and Africa. The Ancestral Rockies were formed as the result of reactivation of the Wichita megashear, a preexisting zone of weakness that extends from southern Oklahoma to eastern Utah. Previous plate tectonic models have implied that the megashear was a zone of right-lateral strike-slip faulting and north-northwest-directed compression. However, structural and stratigraphic data from Oklahoma and Texas suggest that the Wichita megashear was a major left-lateral fault zone formed under east-northeast-oriented compression. Palinspastic reconstruction of pre-mid-Devonian strata across the megashear in Texas indicates that 120 to 150 km of left slip occurred during the Desmoinesian (middle Pennsylvanian). The proposed plate tectonic model for the Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny includes: 1. (1) movement of the North American plate eastward from a spreading center in the proto-Pacific; 2. (2) closing of the proto-Atlantic Ocean; 3. (3) collision of North America-Europe (Laurussia) and South America-Africa (Gondwana) resulting in the Hercynian, Alleghanian, and Ouachita orogenies; 4. (4) differential movement across the Wichita megashear and formation of a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone (Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny) as the result of east-west compression within the North American plate: 5. (5) relative northward movement of Gondwana against Laurussia producing the Marathon and Arbuckle orogenies; and 6. (6) development of a subduction zone to the west of the North American continent.
Carcinoma of the prostate gland. An anatomical study of tumor location.

A series of 25 prostate glands removed by radical perineal prostatectomy because of clinically evident carcinoma was examined by means of multiple whole-gland sections to delineate localization of tumor in relation to intact anatomical landmarks. Multiple foci of tumor origin were found in 6 prostate glands (24%)—2 foci in 4 cases and 3 foci in 2 cases. Various definitions of the “posterior lobe” have given rise to confusion and disagreement regarding sites of origin of carcinoma within the prostate gland; in the present series there was no evident predilection for origin of carcinoma in the anatomic posterior lobe. The peripheral or subcapsular region of the prostate gland was the common site of origin in contrast to the periurethral region. Lymphatic invasion was present in 31 of the 33 carcinomas (94%).
High-density capacitors with conformal high-k dielectrics on etched-metal foils

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of high-density capacitors using etched-metal foils as high-surface area electrodes. High permittivity films were conformally-formed over the metal foils using an anodization reaction. The approach was demonstrated with two material systems, viz., etched aluminum foils and porous titanium foils. Both the metal anodizations were carried out with aqueous solution of citric acid as electrolytes. The electrical properties of the etched-foil capacitor were measured using a sulfuric acid solution as the top contact. The high surface area electrodes yielded very high capacitance densities of 35–40 μF/cm2.
Haloaldebyde Polymers. I. Chain Termination in Anionic Chloral Polymerization

Top of pageAbstract Anionic chloral polymerization can be carried out under certain circumstances in the presence of acylating agents, such as acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride. Parts of these polymers exhibit a much improved thermal stability. Introduction of acyl end groups into the polymer permits an estimation of the molecular weight of the polymer. DTG was found to be an excellent technique with which to follow the extent of reaction, to assist in the examination of this kind of end group and to follow the thermal stability of chloral polymers. Keywords: Haloaldehyde Polymers; Chloral; Anionic Polymerization; Chain Transfer; Chain Termination; Acetyl Chloride; Benzoyl Chloride; Triphenyl Phosphine as Initiator; End Groups; Thermal Degradation
Pars plana vitrectomy with endoscope-guided sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in children and adults.

Purpose To describe a novel method for placement of a sulcus-fixated, sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens (sf-SPC-IOL) using endoscopic guidance during pars plana vitrectomy surgery. Design A retrospective case-series by a single surgeon in both pediatric and adult patients undergoing sf-SPC-IOL in the setting of posterior segment surgery. Methods Seventy-four eyes of 71 patients had pars plana vitrectomy and placement of an sf-SPC-IOL in an academic, outpatient setting. Preoperative diagnosis included trauma (42%), subluxated lenses with no capsular support (24%), uveitis (15%), congenital cataract (11%), Marfan syndrome or ectopia lentis (6%), and other (2%). Fifty-one adults and 20 children ( Results The mean follow-up time was nearly 3 years (3 months to 9 years) and most patients experienced an improvement in visual function. Many eyes had advanced posterior segment disorders. Only 2 broken sutures occurred, both attributable to repeat trauma. Advantages of this technique include: excellent visualization and haptic localization, optimal lens centration, buried knots, broad scleral imbrication, and minimal vitreous- and hemorrhage-related complications. Disadvantages include the learning curve, increased operative time, long-term suture stability issues, and limited availability of intraocular endoscopes. Conclusions Endoscopic-guided sf-SPC-IOL using this approach, in the setting of posterior segment disease, is a reasonable option for visual rehabilitation in both pediatric and adult patients.
How new technology affects practice and patient safety

Working in Australia 40 years ago, and already interested in laparoscopy, I retrieved my first laparoscopic instruments from Europe to work on the improvement of diagnostic modalities without exploratory surgery. Collaborating with a young gynecologist, we performed our first laparoscopy. It was an effective procedure. The department chairman banned me from the Royal Woman's Hospital, because he said we were dangerous lunatics. This is an example of how new technology, arbitrarily rejected, can slow progress unnecessarily. But haste without method is risky. We must agree on a path. The American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) was begun by a group of physicians who understood the importance of orderly recognition and inclusion of new technology. The association was instrumental in disseminating, teaching, educating, and conducting research activities in this important diagnostic and therapeutic field. Gynecologic success in laparoscopy did not naturally transfer to the general surgical community, which was wary of working in small places from a distance. Eighteen years after AAGL was founded, the laparoscopic revolution in general surgery finally erupted. Unfortunately, this time, acceptance and dissemination were too fast. Overnight, patient demand for laparoscopic cholecystectomy blossomed due to media exposure and the sudden interest of industry to promote the procedure. In these early and difficult years the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) organized endorsed courses and clinical trials, established guidelines for privileging and proctoring, and set up courses to teach the teachers. Like the AAGL, they helped to put a high-speed revolution on a more modest, better-controlled track. For both SAGES and AAGL, technology has been a driving force of science. They have grappled and come to terms with technology and how it affects surgical practice and patient safety. Compare the advent of new technology with riding a comet. This may be a strange analogy, but the metaphor of the comet is appropriate. It is fast and we have no control over it. My concern is that we are holding on, with great difficulty, to the tail of the technology comet, hoping it will take us to the right place at the end of the ride. Sometimes we hope that we can hold on for the entire fide. Sometimes we find ourselves praying the gods will be merciful and let us fall off. Examine the relationship between technology and its inventors and users. Are we the masters or the slaves? If we understand that we must be masters, the rest is fairly simple. The ultimate purpose of new medical technology is to help us to do our job better. Our "job" is to cure patients of disease, improve the course of disease and patients' well-being, and diminish the suffering of women whose disease we cannot yet cure. Part of that job is also to make treatment efficient and make it cost effective.
Explorations of Narrative Identity

(1996). Explorations of Narrative Identity. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 363-367.
Theory of core excitons in semiconductors

Abstract A theoretical description of core excitons in semiconductors is given. The treatment is similar to that of isocoric impurities reported earlier. It is shown that the core exciton in silicon is valley—orbit split, unlike the indirect exciton formed during the excitation of valence-band electrons in that material. Numerical results are reported and general conclusions are drawn.
Severe global inflammatory involvement of ocular segments and optic disc swelling in a 12-year-old girl with Kawasaki disease.

PurposePediatric Kawasaki ocular involvement is dominated by bulbar conjunctival injection and mild, self-limited anterior uveitis. Posterior segment involvement is rare.Methods/ResultsCase report. Despite early efficient treatment including aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulins, a 12-year-old girl developed a severe bilateral global inflammatory ocular involvement including punctuated keratitis, retrodescemetic precipitates, anterior uveitis, vitritis, and bilateral optic disc swelling with papillitis.This is the first description of severe bilateral global inflammatory involvement of the eyes in Kawasaki disease (KD). Usually subclinical and self-limited, eye involvement in KD can lead to severe visual impairment.ConclusionsInflammation of both anterior and posterior segments does not seem to respond to KD-specific treatment and could justify a specific ophthalmologic therapeutic approach.
Examining the Impact of Professionalism on Cynicism, Role Conflict, and Work Alienation among Prison Guards

The corrections literature is replete with themes of organizational conflict. Recent efforts to combat such conflict have been directed toward the professionalization of the custodial staff. This paper assesses the nature and extent of the linkage between professionalization on the one hand and cynicism, role conflict, and work alienation on the other.Data for the project came from the responses of 179 prison guards working in two custody-oriented correctional institutions. Data were analyzed by means of multivariate regression techniques.Generally, we found that professionalism does reduce each of the criterion variables, but in different ways. The paper concludes by relating the research findings to those reported elsewhere.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia following minor head trauma

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is characterized by pathognomonic findings on neurological examination. It results from a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and is rarely caused by head trauma. The neuroanatomy of INO is complex and the mechanism by which trauma causes this syndrome is controversial. In the context of trauma, INO occurs frequently in association with other neurological findings and should prompt a thorough investigation and ICU admission. A case of an individual with acute post-traumatic INO is reported and discussed.
The effect of streamwise diffusion on ground-level concentrations

Abstract This paper examines the effect of streamwise diffusion on the distribution of mean scalar concentrations associated with surface releases in the atmospheric surface layer. We use a two-dimensional (2D) (streamwise-vertical) Lagrangian stochastic model to simulate dispersion. Before applying the model, we test its validity by comparing model results of mean concentration and streamwise mass flux density with wind tunnel data reported by Raupach and Legg (1983, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 136, 111–137). The results from simulations conducted with the 2D stochastic model indicated that: (1) inclusion of streamwise dispersion in a model provides a plausible explanation for the “−2” asymptote observed in Project Prairie Grass for the fall-off of ground-level concentrations under unstable conditions, and (2) streamwise diffusion plays a minor role in dispersion under stable conditions.
Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists

Current estimates are that around 3,000 of the 6,000 languages now spoken may become extinct during the next century. Some 4,000 of these existing languages have never been described, or described only inadequately. This book is a guide for linguistic fieldworkers who wish to write a description of the morphology and syntax of one of these many under-documented languages. It uses examples from many languages both well known and virtually unknown; it offers readers one possible outline for a grammatical description, with many questions designed to help them address the key topics. The appendices offer guidance on text and elicited data, and on sample reference grammars which readers might wish to consult.
Fluid flow electrophoresis model

Molecular delivery via electroporation is typically done via molecular diffusion and tissue perfusion. The inherent variability in those distribution methods limits the efficacy of this medical and laboratory technique. Electrophoresis has been shown to improve the distribution and placement of the molecule [Gene Therapy 9 (2002) 1286]. This paper presents a fluid flow model for electrophoresis in tissues. Parallel plate and four-needle needle array electrodes are the electrodes modeled as the delivery devices. The parallel plate electrode produces a homogeneous distribution of the analyte but the needle array electrode creates a peak where the electric field effects diminish.