cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affinity electrophoresis for diagnosis fo cancer and inflammatory conditions

Affinity electrophoresis, with concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin as ligands, was applied to study the microheterogeneity of serum proteins, with special emphasis on alpha 1-fetoprotein and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, two proteins of potential clinical value. A total of 602 samples of serum from patients with various neoplastic and inflammatory conditions were evaluated. Affinity electrophoresis provided useful information for differential diagnosis of cancers of various origins including hepatomas, metastatic liver cancers and yolk sac tumors. The method also proved indispensable for the detection of intercurrent infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scaled burns.
Myosin heavy chain composition of adult feline (Felis catus) limb and diaphragm muscles

The myosin heavy chain (MHC) compositions of adult feline limb and diaphragm muscles were determined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) were able to separate three different MHC isoforms. This was in contrast to rat muscles, in which four MHC isoforms were separated by SDS-PAGE. The fastest migrating cat MHC migrated similar to rat type I MHC and labeled in Western blots with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for slow MHC and was categorized as type I. The other two MHC isoforms labeled in Western blots with a mAb specific for fast MHC and were categorized as type II. The slowest migrating fast isoform migrated similar to rat type IIa MHC and labeled with mAb N2.261, specific for types I and IIa; therefore, this MHC was categorized as type IIa. The intermediate migrating cat MHC did not migrate similar to either rat type IIx or type IIb and was not reactive with mAbs N2.261, 35 (specific for rat I, IIa, and IIb MHCs), or F3 (specific for rat IIb MHC). In tissue sections, type IIB fibers (based on myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry) were also unstained with mAbs N2.261 and 35. Therefore, the intermediate migrating cat MHC was categorized as type IIx. Consequently, feline limb and diaphragm muscles were composed of fibers containing type I, IIa, or IIx MHCs. The observations that type I and IIa isoforms, but not IIx, had similar electrophoretic mobilities in the cat and rat and that type IIb was absent from cat limb muscles suggest that there is greater diversity in MHC isoforms IIb and IIx compared to I and IIa in cats compared to rats. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Digital-dimming controller with current spikes elimination technique for LCD backlight electronic ballast

A novel simple control method to improve the ignition behavior of cold cathode fluorescent lamp in digital-dimming mode is proposed in this paper. To extend the lamp life, we realize a digital-dimming controller with current spikes elimination technique (DDC-CSET) to reduce the high ignition voltage and to eliminate the ignition current spike. The half-bridge resonant inverter is employed in the presented backlight system to promote the system efficiency. Complete analysis and design considerations are discussed in detail in this paper. Experimental results are close to the theoretical prediction. The overall efficiency of the system achieved at the rated power is over 91%. The ignition voltage is reduced about 30% without any lamp current spike occurred under digital-dimming operation.
Multimedia support in network protocol processing subsystems

Multimedia isochronous data require processing at regular intervals in order to achieve acceptable playback quality. This paper addresses the problem of network subsystem support for distributed multimedia applications in operating systems. The research demonstrates a design for a high performance network subsystem that provides quality of service guarantees to real time data in the presence of non-real time data streams. The design integrates protocol processing, processor scheduling, and parallel implementations in order to support the delivery of real time video and audio.
Isotope and surface preparation effects on alkaline dioxygen reduction at carbon electrodes

The reduction of dioxygen in base was examined on several carbon electrode surfaces, particularly polished and modified glassy carbon (GC). Electrochemical pretreatment, fracturing, and vacuum heat treatment shifted the O2HO−2 reduction peak positive, while adsorption of several covalent and physisorbed organic compounds shifted it negative. A reverse wave for O−2 oxidation was observed in tetraethylammonium hydroxide electrolyte, and on GC surfaces preadsorbed with Co(II) phthalocyanine. An HD isotope effect was observed when H2O + KOH and D2O + KOD electrolytes were compared, with the largest effect observed on surfaces exhibiting the most positive reduction peak potential. The results indicate involvement of proton transfer in the rate limiting step of reduction, and a strong dependence of the O2O−2 electron transfer rate on the carbon surface condition. The results support a mechanism involving adsorption of O−2 and associated enhancement of proton transfer from water to O−2. Activation of the dioxygen reduction by surface pretreatment is attributed to increasing the concentration of adsorbed O−2.
BEAM-BEAM DISRUPTION AND THE CASE FOR A PLASMA LENS IN e−e− COLLISIONS

After a short review of the expected beam-beam disruption effects in e−e− collisions we show estimates that a plasma lens will improve the luminosity for a SLC- and NLC-energy e−e− collider.
Early Pneumoperitoneum After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Intensive Care Patients: Sign of Possible Bowel Injury

• BACKGROUND Although percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy may be complicated by iatrogenic bowel injury, most clinicians consider a small pneumoperitoneum on radiographs obtained after the procedure a benign finding of little clinical consequence. The possibility of a relationship between findings of early pneumoperitoneum after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and subsequent iatrogenic bowel injury was examined. • METHODS Charts of 85 patients in a surgical intensive care unit who had undergone percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy between 2000 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had a follow-up upright chest radiograph obtained after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The charts of 4 patients with radiographs that showed early pneumoperitoneum were reviewed. • RESULTS Findings were clinically significant in 1 of the 4 patients. That patient had a perforated transverse colon that required surgical repair. The other 3 patients had no complications. • CONCLUSION Pneumoperitoneum after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy may be a sign of possible bowel injury and requires further evaluation. It should not be dismissed as benign. Obtaining a chest radiograph after a patient has undergone percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is essential. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2007;16:132-136)
DynaPlan: Resource placement for application-level clustering

Creating a reliable computing environment from an unreliable infrastructure is a common challenge. Application-Level High Availability (HA) clustering addresses this problem by relocating and restarting applications when failures are detected. Current methods of determining the relocation target(s) of an application are rudimentary in that they do not take into account the myriad factors that influence an optimal placement. This paper presents DynaPlan, a method that improves the quality of failover planning by allowing the expression of a wide and extensible range of considerations, such as multidimensional resource consumption and availability, architectural compatibility, security constraints, location constraints, and policy considerations, such as energy-favoring versus performance-favoring. DynaPlan has been implemented by extending the IBM PowerHA clustering solution running on a group of IBM System P servers. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and preliminary performance evaluation of DynaPlan.
Using Conservation Management Agreements to Secure Postrecovery Perpetuation of Conservation-Reliant Species: The Kirtland's Warbler as a Case Study

Kirtland’s warbler is one of many conservation-reliant species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species has met recovery goals, but removing it from the protections of the ESA is problematic because of its reliance on ongoing conservation. We define conservation management agreements (CMAs) and describe how they may provide a mechanism to protect conservation-reliant species after delisting. We suggest that CMAs should include four major elements: (1) a conservation partnership capable of implementing management actions at conservation-relevant scales, (2) a conservation management plan based on the management actions in the species’ successful recovery plan, (3) sufficient financial resources to provide the required conservation management, and (4) legal enforcement. We use the efforts of the Kirtland’s Warbler Recovery Team as a case study of the application of CMAs to build and maintain public and private partnerships to ensure continuing management for this species after delisting.
Comparison of full and reduced potential formulations for low-frequency applications

The authors examine five alternative finite element formulations of magnetostatic problems: (1) full vector potential, (2) reduced vector potential, (3) reduced scalar potential with source integral over all volume, (4) reduced scalar potential with source integral over permeable volumes only, and (5) reduced scalar potential with surface source integral. They show that (3) is more prone to numerical errors than the other methods, and that (4) and (5) are competitive in accuracy with (1) and (2) in air regions but are easier to implement in three dimensions. However, all three scalar formulations suffer from cancellation errors in iron regions. >
Mode of Action of Nonsteroidal Ecdysone Agonists, Diacylhydrazine Analogs

The binding affinity of insect molting hormone agonists, N-tert-butyl-N,N′-diacylhydrazine (DAH) analogs, against the molting hormone receptor proteins (EcR/USP) was measured. For the lepidopteran Chilo suppressalis, the receptor-binding activity of DAH analogs correlated linearly with their molting hormonal activity (in vitro) and insecticidal activity (in vivo). The binding activity of DAH analogs of C. suppressalis EcR/USP was higher than that of the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster EcR/USP. The binding activity of EcR/USP changed little when USP was exchanged between C. suppressalis and D. melanogaster. These results suggest that the selective toxicity of DAH analogs toward Lepidoptera is caused by the difference in the structure of EcR, not by that of USP. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
Axial Vector Anomaly in Lattice Gauge Theory

An exact derivation of the anomalous Ward-Takahashi identities on a finite lattice is given. It is shown in a general way that the contribution from the fermion-degeneracy regularization in the limit leads to the continuum form of the anomaly term. Thus the interconnection is established independently of perturbation theory.
A Novel Membrane-associated Metalloprotease, Ste24p, Is Required for the First Step of NH2-terminal Processing of the Yeast a-Factor Precursor

Many secreted bioactive signaling molecules, including the yeast mating pheromones a -factor and α-factor, are initially synthesized as precursors requiring multiple intracellular processing enzymes to generate their mature forms. To identify new gene products involved in the biogenesis of a -factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , we carried out a screen for MAT a -specific, mating-defective mutants. We have identified a new mutant, ste24 , in addition to previously known sterile mutants. During its biogenesis in a wild-type strain, the a -factor precursor undergoes a series of COOH-terminal CAAX modifications, two sequential NH 2 -terminal cleavage events, and export from the cell. Identification of the a -factor biosynthetic intermediate that accumulates in the ste24 mutant revealed that STE24 is required for the first NH 2 -terminal proteolytic processing event within the a -factor precursor, which takes place after COOH-terminal CAAX modification is complete. The STE24 gene product contains multiple predicted membrane spans, a zinc metalloprotease motif (HEXXH), and a COOH-terminal ER retrieval signal (KKXX). The HEXXH protease motif is critical for STE24 activity, since STE24 fails to function when conserved residues within this motif are mutated. The identification of Ste24p homologues in a diverse group of organisms, including Escherichia coli , Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Haemophilus influenzae , and Homo sapiens , indicates that Ste24p has been highly conserved throughout evolution. Ste24p and the proteins related to it define a new subfamily of proteins that are likely to function as intracellular, membrane-associated zinc metalloproteases.
Complement receptor phenotypes of culture-derived murine macrophages

The distribution of complement receptors CR1 and CR3 among macrophages derived from cultures of bone marrow, blood, and elicited or normal peritoneal cell population was studied. Cells and colonies from the first three sources had a common phenotype, CR1 + 3 −, whereas those from the noram peritoneal populations had either CR1 + 3 − or CR1 + 3 +. The former phenotype characterized spindle-shaped as well as epithelial-like macrophages; the latter was essentially restricted to colonies made up of the epithelioid cells. Both morphologic features and the CR phenotypes remained stable throughout the culture period. These phenotypic differences might be explaniend by the presence of at leas two clonally derived types of macrophages.
Protein expression enhancement in efflux-deleted mutant bacteria.

We applied a single-cell assay to characterize how transcription dynamics affects protein expression levels of a tetracycline-inducible gene expression system. Transcriptional activity of the tetracycline promoter in response to a steady level of inducer is steady in DacrAB efflux mutant but pulsating in wildtype Escherichia coli cells. We found that the expression level of the green fluorescent protein is several folds higher in DacrAB efflux mutant than in wildtype cells. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) 1 is a non- invasive biophysical technique used to measure in real-time protein concentration, protein-protein, and protein-RNA interactions within a single living cell (1-4). This technique is sensitive to the fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity of molecules diffusing in and out of the volume of detection. The variance about the mean of the fluorescence intensity signal is equal to the inverse number of molecules per unit time present in the volume of detection. Moreover, this technique is also sensitive to the size of the fluorescent mol- ecules. Large molecules diffuse slower than small molecules through the volume of detection, and typical diffusion times are measured by performing the autocorrelation function of the fluorescence intensity. We have previously showed that the combination of FCS with a simple genetic system can be used to profile the activity of any promoter in a prokaryotic cell in real time at the RNA level. We reported that real-time RNA profiling allowed us to char- acterize two distinct transcriptional dynamics associated with the activity of the tet promoter in two bacterial strains (4). Here, we show that transcription dynamics can be a key parameter to control protein expression level. Our hypoth- esis is that distinct transcriptional dynamics will lead to dis-
Exciton–photon correlations in carbon nanotubes

Abstract We study theoretically the interactions of excitonic states with surface electromagnetic modes of a semiconducting carbon nanotube. We show that these interactions result in the exciton–plasmon coupling which may be significant in its strength due to the presence of the low-energy (∼0.5–2 eV) interband plasmon modes and large exciton excitation energies of ∼1 eV in the small-diameter single-walled nanotubes.
Positive and negative part/whole transfer in free recall

Three experiments examined the effects of simultaneous and successive presentation on part/whole transfer in free recall. In the first two experiments, Ss received six or eight trials on the part list. The observed absence of negative transfer under any presentation condition was attributed to the fact that part-list subjective organization did not increase over trials. In Experiment III Ss received 16 trials on both lists and the groups represented all possible combinations of simultaneous or successive presentation on part and whole lists. Part-list subjective organization increased with practice in all conditions. Negative part-to-whole transfer was observed only when both part and whole lists were presented successively, suggesting that learning strategies determine whether or not part-list organization will interfere with whole-list learning.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF TWO TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF A MYCOPESTICIDE IN MADAGASCAR

The net present value (NPV) approach to capital budgeting is used to determine the relative economic feasibility of two production models capable of manufacturing a fungi-based biopesticide in Madagascar. Sales revenues are projected at $10–12 per hectare for 20 000–80 000 ha annually, with recurrent costs estimated in Madagascar and investment costs from IITA (Cotonou, Benin) and Mycotech Corporation (Butte, Montana). These cash flows are discounted by an appropriate interest rate and risk factor, with positive results for both the labour-intensive model and the capital-intensive model under several scenarios. Cost advantages for the two models depend on both technology and scale. The labour-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 20 000 ha per annum as compared with the capital-intensive model. The capital-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 80 000 ha (including exports to southern Africa). Both models benefit from scale economies, although this benefit is relatively greater for the capital-intensive model. Consumers of mycopesticides in Madagascar could realize nearly 20% savings under a higher output scenario with a capital-intensive technology, than under a lower output scenario with a labour-intensive technology. Large-scale producers, however, would require nearly four times as much investment capital, and could find it difficult to produce for export from Madagascar. In the absence of a large-scale producer, small-scale production would be appropriate and feasible based on lower investment costs. Malagasy production is also protected from foreign competition because of current phytosanitary regulations.
Patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells of Drosophila: evidence for induced and default cell-fate specification

Opsin gene expression in the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila compound eye is highly coordinated. We have found that the R8 cell specific Rh5 and Rh6 opsins are expressed in non-overlapping sets of R8 cells, in a precise pairwise fashion with Rh3 and Rh4 in the R7 cells of individual ommatidia. Removal of the R7 cells in sevenless, boss or sina mutants, disrupts Rh5 expression and dramatically increases the number of Rh6-expressing R8 cells. This suggests that the expression of Rh5 may be induced by an Rh3-expressing R7 cell, whereas Rh6 expression is most likely a default state of the R8 cell. We found that the paired expression of opsin genes in the R7 and R8 cells occurs in a sevenless and boss independent manner. Furthermore, we found that the generation of both Rh3- and Rh4-expressing R7 cells can occur in the absence of an R8 cell. These results suggest that the specification of opsin expression in the R7 cells may occur autonomously, whereas the R7 photoreceptor cell may be responsible for regulating a binary developmental switch between induced and default cell-fates in the R8 cell.
Eliot’s rose garden: Some phenomenology and theology in “Burnt Norton”:

T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets respond to and gradually modify the experience that is evoked in the first part of “Burnt Norton”. Yet the well-known rose garden scene has been variously interpreted, the “presences” being either naturalized or regarded as supernatural entities. A phenomenological reading of the rose garden scene gives us a more secure, and also a more nuanced, understanding of what happens in the rose garden, and therefore allows us to develop a fuller and more reliable reading of Four Quartets.
A particle filter framework for the estimation of heart rate from ECG signals corrupted by motion artifacts

In this work, we describe a methodology to probabilistically estimate the R-peak locations of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal using a particle filter. This is useful for heart rate estimation, which is an important metric for medical diagnostics. Some scenarios require constant in-home monitoring using a wearable device. This poses a particularly challenging environment for heart rate detection, due to the susceptibility of ECG signals to motion artifacts. In this work, we show how the particle filter can effectively track the true R-peak locations amidst the motion artifacts, given appropriate heart rate and R-peak observation models. A particle filter based framework has several advantages due to its freedom from strict assumptions on signal and noise models, as well as its ability to simultaneously track multiple possible heart rate hypotheses. Moreover, the proposed framework is not exclusive to ECG signals and could easily be leveraged for tracking other physiological parameters. We describe the implementation of the particle filter and validate our approach on real ECG data affected by motion artifacts from the MIT-BIH noise stress test database. The average heart rate estimation error is about 5 beats per minute for signal streams contaminated with noisy segments with SNR as low as −6 dB.
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus (RTN) Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Long-Term Stimulation of Ventilatory Output

The importance to breathing of neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) was first shown by studies that manipulated the environment of the surface of the VLM. For example, cooling probes applied to a specific area on the surface of the VLM can profoundly depress ventilatory output and CO2 sensitivity in anesthetized (4, 9, 10, 24) and conscious animals (7). The investigators named this surface site the intermediate area because it lay between two adjacent surface areas associated with central chemosensitivity. They proposed it to be integrative in function (4, 9, 10, 24).
Meeting with Walter Kohn

The first time I met Walter was at Menton in 1991. Bob and Jane Parr most kindly invited Walter and me to dinner before the opening session of the VIIth International Congress of Quantum Chemistry. It was a beautiful summer evening. Bob and Jane were in the restaurant when I got there. Bob then told me that Walter would be elected to the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science during the opening session in that evening. This was probably when and how Walter became a quantum chemist.
The Story of United States v. Salerno : The Constitutionality of Regulatory Detention

Is it constitutional for the government to lock up people without waiting to convict them at trial? If it is, what are the limits on the government's power to lock up anyone it deems dangerous? These are issues raised by preventive detention provisions in bail statutes, and addressed in United States v. Salerno. The controversy about these bail statutes, once so hotly contested, has died down. But the broader questions about the government's power to detain suspected criminals without giving them the benefit of full criminal process remain unresolved, and have taken on a new urgency as the nation confronts the threat of more terrorist attacks. This essay, intended as a chapter in the Criminal Procedure Stories volume, explores the story of Salerno and of the doctrinal analysis that emerged from it.
Security considerations in ITRI cloud OS

Over the past few years, clouds have become an important terms in different domains. ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute) CCMA is one of Cloud developers especially on IaaS, called ITRI Cloud OS. ITRI Cloud OS is a comprehensive data center software stack. Inside this system, server virtualization, network virtualization, and storage virtualization are included to make Cloud OS serves virtual machines. Security is an important issue which is one of Cloud OS components. In this paper we represent security from different viewpoints in the system. Cloud OS could be deployed either as a public or private cloud. To host large number of VMs, horizontal scale up is a requirement. Security implementation should be adapted to support such an environment. ITRI Cloud OS could easily accommodate new VMs by adding new computing resources. In order to make cloud OS a secure environment, how we implement security protection and service level guarantee are discussed in this paper. Security protection means VMs are under protections through different mechanism and service level agreement (SLA). That is VMs running inside Cloud OS could have service guarantee even when resource is limited. To provide security protections, the following properties are built inside Cloud OS: multi-tenant support with tenant isolation including network as well as user data volume isolations; role-based distributed L3/L4 firewall, and automatic firewall setting in Cloud OS for enterprise firewall device; Distributed WAF protection; ARP spoofing; and DDoS mitigating system. In this paper, we present our security component's algorithms, system models, performance analysis, and performance evaluation results. To support SLA, we provide a distributed traffic shaping architecture. Through SLA policy setting, VMs can achieve guaranteed network bandwidth. We will present our distributed traffic shaping performance evaluation results which demonstrate the efficiency of Cloud OS.
Perspectives on the Distribution of Obsidians in San Diego County, California:

Artifact-to-source assignments were made on over 200 obsidian artifacts from San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside Counties, California, using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis. In addition to providing new data on the spatial distributions of Obsidian Butte and Coso Hot Springs volcanic glasses in extreme southern California, results of the present study call into question the empirical utility of previous distance-decay models. Present data indicate that Coso Hot Springs obsidian was conveyed much more widely than previously believed. Previous predictions about the source-specific composition and percentage of obsidian in the entire chipped stone inventory in late prehistoric site assemblages in San Diego County were not sustained by observed empirical results.
Studies of mitogen reactivity in lymphocytes from thermally injured patients.

AbstractThe in vitro reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from burn patients to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was studied. Sequential studies showed that responses to PHA were either normal or elevated while responses to Con A were below normal and decreased further over the course of time. Analyses of patients' responses revealed no patterns of reactivity of prognostic value. However, the differences in reactivity to the T-cell mitogens PHA and Con A support the hypothesis that thermal injury produces specific rather than general effects on the immune system and lend credence to the concept that burns may exert a preferential influence on functionally distinct subpopulations of lymphocytes.
A fully non-linear multi-species Fokker-Planck-Landau collision operator for simulation of fusion plasma

Fusion edge plasmas can be far from thermal equilibrium and require the use of a non-linear collision operator for accurate numerical simulations. In this article, the non-linear single-species Fokker-Planck-Landau collision operator developed by Yoon and Chang (2014) 9 is generalized to include multiple particle species. The finite volume discretization used in this work naturally yields exact conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The implementation of this new non-linear Fokker-Planck-Landau operator in the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes XGC1 and XGCa is described and results of a verification study are discussed. Finally, the numerical techniques that make our non-linear collision operator viable on high-performance computing systems are described, including specialized load balancing algorithms and nested OpenMP parallelization. The collision operator's good weak and strong scaling behavior are shown.
Investigation of malaria infection in residents and population sleeping on mountains in Wuzhishan City

Objective To understand the actual malarial situation and epidemic factors of residents and population sleeping on mountains in Wuzhishan City Methods The 1 013 residents and 307 population sleeping on mountains in Wuzhishan City,were investigated on working types,living conditions,use of mosquito nets,life habbits,malarial protection,malarial incidence and treatment,et al ,meanwhile,2 filtre paper blood samples and a thick blood smear slide per person were collected for examination by PCR and microscopy Results The annual incidence rate in residents was 15 2%,and the rates of plasmodium falciparum,plasmodium vivax and unclear type were 3 8%,8 3%,3 2%,respectively The rates of population sleeping on mountains were 30 9%,and that of P Falciparum,P vivax and unclear type were 16 6%,6 2% and 8 1%,respectively The parasite carrying rates of populations sleeping on mountains and not doing that were 2 3% and 2 4% The miss report rate of malaria was 89 0% Conclusion Malaria is heavily endemic in Wuzhishan City were serious,the major infecting causes was sleeping on mountains and not adopting protective measures,weak protective consciousness,low trates of teating in time,bad life habbits and so on,also were the important causes of local malarial epidemic
Allee Demonstration Farm Crop and Livestock Report

The advisory committee for the Allee Demonstration Farm has emphasized demonstrating sustainable farm practices on a small farm. The Allee Farm operation consists of 35 certified organic acres, 229 conventional acres, 300 head of market beef cattle, a two-litter (spring and fall) pasture farrowing system with 60–80 sows, finishing swine in three hoop structures, and an organic free-range broiler chicken demonstration project.
Marketing Research: Family Income Levels and Enrollment Strategies

In times of impending enrollment declines Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL) seek ways to control the situation. Marketing Research can provide needed insights. High School seniors from families with different income levels were asked their perceptions and enrollment strategies were evolved from the response patterns.
Bak Binding to Bcl-xL and Not to Mcl-1 Is Associated with ABT-737 Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

Abstract ABT-737 is a Bad-like BH3 mimetic and an effective inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, but not Mcl-1. Recent studies have shown this new drug as a promising anti-cancer agent with activity in multiple myeloma cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Bcl-2 family members in both determining the sensitivity and the mechanism of action of ABT-737 in multiple myeloma cell lines. ABT-737, as a single agent, induced apoptosis in six myeloma cell lines, although the sensitivity was quite different among cell lines. Three cell lines 8226/S, MM.1s and KMS18, were highly sensitive to ABT-737 with EC50 values of 0.30, 0.39 and 0.58 μM, respectively. In contrast, three cell lines, KMS11, U266 and OPM2 displayed lower sensitivity to the drug with EC50 values of 1.60, 2.58 and 2.57 μM ABT-737. No correlation between the sensitivity to ABT-737 and the expression pattern of the Bcl-2 family members was found. Interestingly, Mcl-1, a critical anti-apoptotic protein involved in myeloma cell survival that has also been shown to confer resistance to ABT-737, did not correlate with sensitivity to the drug. Bfl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member with similar functions to Mcl-1, was only expressed in two sensitive cell lines, MM.1s and KMS18. Since the expression pattern did not reveal any strong correlation, we determined the effects of ABT-737 on association of Bcl-2 proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in MM.1s and KMS11, demonstrated that ABT-737 released Bak and Bim from Bcl-xL and Bim from Bcl-2 while no change was observed for Bak and Bim bound to Mcl-1. A closer look at the interaction of Bcl-2 family members revealed that Bak is equally bound to Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL in the less sensitive cell lines while it is primarily bound to Bcl-xL in the more sensitive cell lines 8226/S and KMS18. Interestingly, Bak in equally bound to Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL in MM.1s, the third sensitive cell line; however, Bim is also highly bound to Bcl-xL, suggesting an easier release of Bak and Bim by ABT-737 from a Bim-primed-Bcl-xL. Consistent with this idea, Bcl-xL overexpression significantly protected 8226/S but not KMS11 from ABT-737-induced death. Additionally, while silencing of Bim significantly protected MM.1s and KMS11 from ABT-737-induced apoptosis, release of Bak from Bcl-xL was not observed after Bim silencing in the MM.1s cells. Together these data suggest that the interaction pattern not the expression pattern of Bcl-2 proteins is a more accurate measure of ABT-737 function in cells. This is important in diseases like multiple myeloma where Mcl-1 in addition to other anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are typically expressed.
Senescence, Sex Roles, and Stress Shepherding Resources into Old Age

In old age, breakdown is generally manifested in depression for women and death for men. We maintain that the key to this sex difference lies, at least in part, in the sex role histories accumulated over a lifetime, since sex roles expose individuals to different types of stress and do not grant the same access to coping resources for both genders. The influence of sex differences on the problems encountered during senescence is the impetus for this chapter.
Analysis of smart inverter functions of decentralized grid-connected AC-stacked PV inverter architecture

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the feasibility of decentralized control approach in providing smart inverter functions for grid-tied AC-stacked PV inverter architecture. Decentralized controller allows fully distributed architecture both in terms of control and physical implementation of a PV system, resulting in higher reliability and potentially lower cost. In this paper, Relative Gain Array concept has been used to determine the best locally measured input-output pairing sets for designing the proposed decentralized controller. Proposed approach by sending supervisory commands to only one inverter minimize the required communications for controlling reactive power and mitigating harmonics. Detailed modeling and analysis are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed decentralized approach. Proposed decentralized control scheme is verified by offline simulation and real-time hardware-in-the-loop setup.
Hugh Mccoll and Nationsbank: Building a National Footprint Through M&A

This appendix supplements the multimedia case Hugh McColl and NationsBank: Building a National Footprint through M&A (UVA-F-1398M). It is not intended as a substitute for the multimedia case. A larger appendix, containing 68 pages of printed material drawn from the case, is also available (UVA-F-1420). This abbreviated version contains only tabular material of financial information. Like the larger appendix, however, it supports student preparation of the multimedia case (see the abstract and teaching note for that case to obtain a summary of the teaching purpose, subject, issues, and classroom applications). Information contained in this appendix is a subset of the information available in the multimedia case and is offered mainly for the convenience of the student. In particular, this appendix would be useful in executive-education settings and where the student needs hard-copy reference to the material in the case. Generally, students who are adept at using the computer will find this appendix redundant. Thus, the instructor's use of this appendix is entirely optional and should be determined by the needs of the student.
Implementation and clinical characteristics of a posttraumatic stress disorder brain collection.

A postmortem human brain collection to study posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is critical for uncovering the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this psychiatric disorder. We describe here the PTSD brain collection at the Lieber Institute for Brain Development in Baltimore, Maryland, consisting of postmortem brain donations acquired between 2012 and 2017. Thus far, 87 brains from individuals meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were collected after consent was obtained from legal next-of-kin, and subsequently clinically characterized for molecular studies. PTSD brain donors had high rates of comorbid diagnoses, including depression (62.1%), substance abuse (74.7%), drug-related death (69.0%), and suicide completion (17.2%). PTSD cases were subdivided into two categories: combat-related PTSD (n = 24) and noncombat/domestic PTSD (n = 63). The major differences between the combat-related and domestic PTSD cohorts were sex, drug-related death, and the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BPD) comorbidity. The combat-related group was entirely male, with only one BPD subject (4.2%), and had significantly fewer drug-related deaths (45.8%) in contrast to the domestic group (31.8% male, 36.5% bipolar, and 77.8% drug-related deaths). Medical examiners' offices, particularly in areas with higher military populations, are an excellent source for PTSD brain donations of both combat-related and domestic PTSD.
The Language of Animal Language Research: Reply to Schusterman and Gisiner

Language, as a cognitive process, is a legitimate, fruitful area of study in animal cognition. Its study in animals should not be encumbered by proscriptions against the use of linguistic terms “reserved” for humans. linguistic terms can serve as metaphors in domains other than human language, shaping one’s thinking about the phenomena of interest. Theories derived from linguistic models, as contrasted with S-R models, are likely-to be sensitive to nonlinear sequences of behavior. Interpretations by Schusterman and Gisiner of the receptive competency of a dolphin exposed to an artificial gestural language are based on a limited subset of the available data and are largely derived from S-R analyses. Specifically considered in this paper are performance on relational sentences, syntactic processing, and the referential quality of a word. Misinterpretations of the dolphin data in these three areas, as presented by Schusterman and Gisiner, or shortcomings in interpretations by these authors, are discussed.
Unique Challenges of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease

Several challenges unique to sickle cell disease exist for children and young adults who are being considered for a curative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. These include a relative paucity of fully matched unrelated donors compared to other underlying indications for transplant, an increased risk for neurovascular complications and sequelae related to existing endothelial dysfunction. As transplant conditioning regimens are being tailored to reduce long-term toxicity, risks of graft rejection have to be considered simultaneously. In patients receiving chronic red blood cell transfusions, the effect of iron overload on transplant outcomes needs to be factored in. The incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease has to be deliberated upon to ensure one chronic disease does not replace another. Lastly, while transplant outcomes have been steadily improving with sophisticated supportive care measures, transplant physicians may also have to contemplate the unique challenges of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for an adult patient with sickle cell disease.
Suggestions Toward Friction Modeling and Compensation

Friction is a performance limiting factor in many mechanisms. By modeling friction these limits can be understood. This work points to a number of frictional properties which should be measured and suggests experimental procedures for obtaining the measurements. The properties of mechanism friction which should be measured are: 1 Repeatability of the friction forces; 2 Magnitude of the kinetic friction; 3 Magnitude of the static friction; 4 Characteristic velocity of the Stribeck friction; 5 Time Lag in the change of sliding friction, indicated by τL; 6 Interaction of dwell time and the magnitude of static and Stribeck friction, indicated by γ 7 Linearity of friction as function of velocity and the magnitude of the viscous friction; 8 Magnitude and character of position dependence in the static and kinetic friction
#TakeBackFitspo: Building Queer Futures in/Through Social Media

Lucas & Hodler discuss queer world-making through the reproduction, contestation and re-definition of the social media phenomenon “fitspiration.” Focusing on the creation and dissemination of memes, the chapter examines how certain memes, tagged #takebackfitspo, critique fitspirational discourse while simultaneously imagining a queer future that values different kinds of bodies. Lucas & Hodler find that, while the development of fitspiration had the potential to combat postfeminist ideology, the imagery—and attendant discourse—idealise fit-looking bodies, commodify physical activity/exercise as tools for bodily achievement and perpetuate gendered ideologies. The #takebackfitspo memes hold onto fitspiration’s potential but work to expand notions of gendered embodiment and attendant modes of fitness/health. Ultimately, the memes encourage viewers to participate in ongoing re-definition of physical activity, beauty norms and the self.
Branching Phenomena in Fluid Dynamics and Chemical Reaction-Diffusion Theory

Branching phenomena in mathematical physics and biology can best be described as fascinating, prevalent, and difficult. The first description expresses my own viewpoint, which I hope you will share with me and a growing number of mathematicians. As for their prevalence, branching phenomena interpreted in a broad sense, includes a multitude of well-known facets of physical and biological systems, from cell division to the transition to turbulence. In these lectures we stay primarily within the context of viscous fluid flow and chemically reacting and diffusing systems. Finally, as to the difficulty mentioned, it refers both to the construction of adequate mathematical models, and to their analysis. Here we deal only with well accepted models. There have been some profound and elegant results achieved in the branching analysis of these models; and yet in another sense the analysis is as yet only skin-deep, considering the number of questions whose answers are still unknown.
Pharmacology and Therapeutic Hypothermia

Various randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of therapeutic hypothermia on survival and neurological function following cardiac arrest [1–4]. Despite these well-documented outcomes, a number of physiologic and metabolic complications have been identified [see Chap. 8] [5]. More specifically, data examining the impact of reducing patients’ core body temperature to 32–34°C on drug disposition and therapeutic response remains incomplete [6–8]. Given the number of pharmacologic agents provided to patients following cardiac arrest, knowledge of the impact of therapeutic hypothermia on their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, efficacy and safety parameters is paramount. This chapter includes an in-depth review of both animal and human data as well as provides recommendations for clinical use for pharmacologic agents routinely used in the management of patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest.
Hydraulic-Chemical Coupling Associated With Injection and Storage of CO2 Into Subsurface

Abstract This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of hydraulic and chemical coupling associated with CO2 injection in saline aquifer storage sites developed from field observations, laboratory studies, and numerical modeling studies. Injection of CO2 in saline aquifers can lead to various processes, including coupled fluid flow and geochemical interactions. Interactions between CO2, in situ brine and solids can lead to geochemical interactions that could potentially affect porosity and permeability through dissolution and precipitation of minerals which in turn could affect fluid flow. The interactions and processes take place at multiple spatial as well as timescales and can have implications on migration and fate of CO2 in the near term and long term. For example, wellbore injectivity can be altered due to near-wellbore precipitation. Movement of CO2 in the reservoir can be influenced by potential changes in relative permeability characteristics of reservoir rocks due to geochemical interactions. Migration of CO2 and/or brine through fractures in wellbore cements or caprocks as well as faults could either be limited because of self-sealing via precipitation or enhanced because of dissolution.
Beyond under the dome: an environmental documentary amplified public risk perception about air pollution in China

AbstractAir pollution is a major environmental problem in China and it poses serious risks to public health. Based on the social amplification of risk framework (SARF), this study examines how medi...
The Quest for Model Uncertainty Quantification: A Hybrid Ensemble and Variational Data Assimilation Framework

This article presents a novel approach to couple a deterministic four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) assimilation method with the particle filter (PF) ensemble data assimilation system, to produce a robust approach for dual-state-parameter estimation. In our proposed method, the Hybrid Ensemble and Variational Data Assimilation framework for Environmental systems (HEAVEN), we characterize the model structural uncertainty in addition to model parameter and input uncertainties. The sequential PF is formulated within the 4DVAR system to design a computationally efficient feedback mechanism throughout the assimilation period. In this framework, the 4DVAR optimization produces the maximum a posteriori estimate of state variables at the beginning of the assimilation window without the need to develop the adjoint of the forecast model. The 4DVAR solution is then perturbed by a newly defined prior error covariance matrix to generate an initial condition ensemble for the PF system to provide more accurate and reliable posterior distributions within the same assimilation window. The prior error covariance matrix is updated from one cycle to another over the main assimilation period to account for model structural uncertainty resulting in an improved estimation of posterior distribution. The premise of the presented approach is that it (1) accounts for all sources of uncertainties involved in hydrologic predictions, (2) uses a small ensemble size, and (3) precludes the particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment. The proposed method is applied on a nonlinear hydrologic model and the effectiveness, robustness, and reliability of the method is demonstrated for several river basins across the United States.
Theoretical Validation of the Open Strategy Construct: A Study of Collective Social Entrepreneurship

While investigating how social entrepreneurs collectively arrive at solutions to societal problems, we find evidence of open strategy as a collaborative governance mechanism. To further explore thi...