cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defective CD2 pathway T cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

CD2 (‘Ill; sheep erythrocyte receptor) is the surface component of an alternative, antigen-independent pathway of human T cell activation. The response to certain anti-CD2 antibodies is relatively independent of accessory cell signals and therefore provides a direct measurement of T cell function. The CD2 pathway may be important in the differentiation of thymocytes, on which the expression of CD2 precedes the appearance of the CD3-T cell receptor complex. In view of the impaired T cell regulation of immune responses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we examined the activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by antiCD2 antibodies in 57 SIX patients and 32 normal control subjects. The CD2 pathway response was lower in the SLE patients (P < 0.0001); 18 of the 57 SLE patients had a lower response than any of the control subjects. The SI,E low-responder patients did not differ from the normal-responder patients in terms of disease activity or use of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive medications. Low responses to anti-CD2 were corrected to normal by the coaddition of a submitogenic amount of phorbol myristate acetate (1 ng/ml). In some
Comments re Macrae (2013)

HLHearing levelHMSHearing measurement scaleLet me offer my congratulations to Dr. Macrae on his clearly written re-analysis of the 40-year-old Australian war veteran data (Macrae, 2013). This is a ...
Reliability Assurance of RAID Storage Systems for a Wide Range of Latent Sector Errors

The low-cost disk drives, which are increasingly being adopted in today's data storage systems, have higher capacity but lower reliability, which leads to more frequent rebuilds and to a higher risk of unrecoverable or latent media errors. An intra-disk redundancy scheme has been proposed to cope with such errors and enhance the reliability of RAID systems. Empirical field results recently reported in the literature, however, suggest that the extent to which unrecoverable media errors occur is higher than the data sheet specifications provided by the disk manufacturers. Our results demonstrate that the reliability improvement due to intradisk redundancy is adversely affected because of the increase in the number of unrecoverable errors. We demonstrate that, by revising the parameter choice of the intradisk redundancy scheme, we can obtain essentially the same reliability as that of a system operating without unrecoverable sector errors. The I/O and throughput performance are evaluated by means of analysis and event-driven simulations. The effects of the spatial locality of errors and of the error-burst length distribution on the system reliability are also investigated.
A novel application of time-reversed acoustics: Salt-dome flank imaging using walkaway VSP surveys

In this paper we present initial results of applying Time-Reversed Acoustics (TRA) technology to saltdome flank, seismic imaging. We created a set of synthetic traces representing a multilevel, walkaway VSP for a model composed of a simplified Gulf of Mexico vertical-velocity gradient and an embedded salt dome. We first applied the concepts of TRA to the synthetic traces to create a set of redatummed traces without having to perform velocity analysis, moveout corrections, or complicated processing. Each redatummed trace approximates the output of a zero-offset, downhole source and receiver pair. To produce the final salt-dome flank image, we then applied conventional, poststack, depth migration to the zero-offset section. Our results show a very good image of the salt when compared to an image derived using data from a downhole, zero-offset source and receiver pairs. The simplicity of our TRA implementation provides a virtually automated method to estimate a zero-offset, seismic section as if it had been collected from the reference frame of the borehole containing the VSP survey.
Characterization of Plasmids from Strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were examined for the presence of plasmids. Actively growing cultures were treated with cycloserine and ampicillin to sensitize the cells to lysis by detergent, and cleared lysates were prepared by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and NaCl. Purified plasmid DNA was prepared by equilibrium density centrifugation in CsCl gradients containing ethidium bromide and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Strain LR25 was found to carry three plasmids, including a large plasmid with a molecular weight of greater than 10(8). Examination of the DNA by electron microscopy confirmed that the bands seen in the agarose gels represented circular DNA molecules. The presence of plasmids was demonstrated in four additional strains. Three plasmids were carried in a strain of serovar 2, and single plasmids were detected in strains of serovars 4, 12, and 18. Plasmids were not detected in three strains of serovars 1, 3, and 5.
Ferrite-superconductor devices for advanced microwave applications

Microwave devices comprising magnetized ferrite in contact with superconductor circuits designed to eliminate magnetic field penetration of the superconductor have demonstrated phase shift without significant conduction losses. The device structures are adaptable to low- or high-T/sub c/ superconductors. A nonoptimized design of a ferrite phase shifter that employs niobium or YBCO meanderlines has produced over 1000 degrees of differential phase shift with a figure of merit exceeding 1000 degrees/dB at X band. By combining superconductor meanderline sections with alternating T junctions on a ferrite substrate in a configuration with three-fold symmetry, a low-loss three-port switching circulator has been demonstrated.
A refined theory for thick spherical shells

Abstract A theory for thick spherical shells is presented in this paper. The equations given here do not only incorporate the effects of transverse shear deformation but also account for the initial curvature as well as the radial stress. The proposed theory presents a very good approximation for the shell constitutive equations and the nonlinear distribution of the in plane stresses across the thickness of the shell. The later is very important for thick shell analyses. The presented formulation is based on the following: (1) assumed out of plane stress components which satisfy given boundary conditions; (2) three-dimensional elasticity equations with an integral form of the equilibrium equations; (3) stress resultants and stress couples acting on the middle surface of the shell, average displacements along the normal at a point on the middle surface, and average rotations of the normal. The proposed shell equations can be conveniently used in finite element analysis. An application of this theory to the finite element analysis of spherical shells will be presented in the follow-up paper.
S&L performance persistence, moral hazard and market discipline

While prior research finds evidence of significant performance persistence in banking, the issue of the determinants of such persistence has rarely been examined. In light of a liberalized thrift takeover market, this study tests for persistence and then attempts to identify its determinants for U.S. thrifts operating during 1989 to 1994. A moral hazard hypothesis for losing persistence is examined, as well as the effectiveness of the takeover market in disciplining persistent losers. Results indicate significant performance persistence, with firms in the sample 16 times more likely to remain in an initial position as a winner, or loser, than to switch. Consistent with moral hazard, persistent losers exhibit low charter values and greater risk‐taking behavior, with the opposite relations for persistent winners. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, persistent losers generally had a significantly higher probability of subsequent takeover, indicating the effectiveness of the takeover market in disciplining poor performers.
An Anomaly Detection-Based Classification System

In this paper, we describe the construction of a classification system based on an anomaly detection system that employs constraint-based detectors, which are generated using a genetic algorithm. The performance of the classification system was evaluated using two benchmark datasets including the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset and the Fisher’s Iris Dataset.
Heterogeneity and Portfolio Choice: Theory and Evidence

In this paper, we summarize and add to the evidence on the large and systematic differences in portfolio composition across individuals with varying characteristics, and evaluate some of the theories that have been proposed in terms of their ability to account for these differences. Variation in background risk exposure from sources such as labor and entrepreneurial income or real estate holdings, and from factors such as transactions costs, borrowing constraints, restricted pension investments and life cycle considerations – can explain some but not all aspects of the observed cross-sectional variation in portfolio holdings in a traditional utility maximizing framework. In particular, fixed costs and life cycle considerations appear necessary to explain the lack of stock market participation by young and less affluent households. Remaining challenges for quantitative theories include the apparent lack of diversification in some unconstrained individual portfolios, and non-participation in the stock market by some households with significant financial wealth.
An Efficient Algorithm for Minimum Degeneracy Primer Selection

Selecting degenerate primers for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR) experiments, called the degenerate primer design problem (DPDP), is an important problem in computational molecular biology and has drawn the attention of numerous researchers in the recent past. Several variants of DPDP were formulated by Linhart and Shamir and proven to be NP-complete. A number of algorithms have been proposed for one such variant, namely, the maximum coverage degenerate primer design problem (MC-DPDP). In this paper, we consider another important variant called the minimum degeneracy degenerate primer design with errors problem (MD-DPDEP), propose an algorithm to design a degenerate primer of minimum degeneracy for a given set of DNA sequences and show experimental results of its performance on random and real biological datasets. Our algorithm combines methodologies in motif discovery and an iterative technique to design the primer
Engineering Ethics: A University Course

Ethics and ethical decisions pertaining to engineering practice can be taught as an elective or required undergraduate course. A case study is proposed utilizing sample cases. This utilizes analyses of assigned cases, oral presentations, written analyses, outside speakers, interviews with practicing engineers, and videotapes as a means of exposing the students to actual conditions encountered in practice. Procedures of conducting, methods of grading, and methods of evaluation of a typical course are included. Recommendations are included for planning such a course.
Cathepsin B and its role(s) in cancer progression

Experimental and clinical evidence has linked cathepsin B with tumour invasion and metastasis. Cathepsin B expression is increased in many human cancers at the mRNA, protein and activity levels. In addition, cathepsin B is frequently overexpressed in premalignant lesions, an observation that associates this protease with local invasive stages of cancer. Increased expression of cathepsin B in primary cancers, and especially in preneoplastic lesions, suggests that this enzyme might have pro-apoptotic features. Expression of cathepsin B is regulated at many different levels, from gene amplification, use of alternative promoters, increased transcription and alternative splicing, to increased stability and translatability of transcripts. During the transition to malignancy, a change in the localization of cathepsin B occurs, as demonstrated by the presence of cathepsin B-containing vesicles at the cell periphery and at the basal pole of polarized cells. Due to increased expression of cathepsin B and changes in intracellular trafficking, increased secretion of procathepsin B from tumours is observed. Active cathepsin B is also secreted from tumours, a mechanism likely to be facilitated by lysosomal exocytosis or extracellular processing by surface activators. Cathepsin B is localized to caveolae on the tumour surface, where binding to the annexin II heterotetramer occurs. Activation of cathepsin B on the cell surface leads to the regulation of downstream proteolytic cascade(s).
“Inverted Gull Wing” Dural Closure and Middle Fossa Floor Reconstruction After Transzygomatic Infratemporal Fossa Approach

Background Ineffective closure of complex skull base approaches leads to wound complications and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. This can result in protracted hospital stays, additional procedures, delayed postoperative recovery, and increased cost of care. Removal of large middle fossa-infratemporal fossa tumors are particularly problematic as they result in a large dead space with gravity-facilitated CSF leakage into the cavity. In this report we describe the use of a novel technique, the “inverted gull wing” titanium mesh reconstruction. Methods Attempts to address this problem have focused primarily on closure and the use of myocutaneous flaps. Patients who have had multiple prior treatments are often afflicted with significant tissue attenuation that preclude dural closure or the use of local flaps. Although vascularized free flaps are an effective option in this scenario, they can add significant operative time and often yield suboptimal cosmetic results. We describe the use of the inverted gull wing titanium mesh reconstruction in the closure of 2 patients who underwent complex transzygomatic infratemporal fossa approaches for tumor with dural and sinonasal transgression. Results Postoperatively, there were no pseudomeningoceles, CSF leaks, or technique-related morbidities. Conclusions The inverted gull wing technique represents a simple, fast, and effective closure for complex transzygomatic infratemporal fossa approaches.
BAG3 regulates contractility and Ca2 + homeostasis in adult mouse ventricular myocytes

Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a 575 amino acid anti-apoptotic protein that is constitutively expressed in the heart. BAG3 mutations, including mutations leading to loss of protein, are associated with familial cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, BAG3 levels have been found to be reduced in end-stage non-familial failing myocardium. In contrast to neonatal myocytes in which BAG3 is found in the cytoplasm and involved in protein quality control and apoptosis, in adult mouse left ventricular (LV) myocytes BAG3 co-localized with Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and L-type Ca(2+) channels in the sarcolemma and t-tubules. BAG3 co-immunoprecipitated with β1-adrenergic receptor, L-type Ca(2+) channels and phospholemman. To simulate decreased BAG3 protein levels observed in human heart failure, we targeted BAG3 by shRNA (shBAG3) in adult LV myocytes. Reducing BAG3 by 55% resulted in reduced contraction and [Ca(2+)]i transient amplitudes in LV myocytes stimulated with isoproterenol. L-type Ca(2+) current (ICa) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content but not Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current (INaCa) or SR Ca(2+) uptake were reduced in isoproterenol-treated shBAG3 myocytes. Forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP restored ICa amplitude in shBAG3 myocytes to that observed in WT myocytes, consistent with BAG3 having effects upstream and at the level of the receptor. Resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude were unaffected but APD50 and APD90 were prolonged in shBAG3 myocytes. Protein levels of Ca(2+) entry molecules and other important excitation-contraction proteins were unchanged in myocytes with lower BAG3. Our findings that BAG3 is localized at the sarcolemma and t-tubules while modulating myocyte contraction and action potential duration through specific interaction with the β1-adrenergic receptor and L-type Ca(2+) channel provide novel insight into the role of BAG3 in cardiomyopathies and increased arrhythmia risks in heart failure.
CMOS performance benchmarking of Si, InAs, GaAs, and Ge nanowire n- and pMOSFETs with Lg=13 nm based on atomistic quantum transport simulation including strain effects

As MOSFET scaling continues [1], new n- and p-channel materials are being actively explored to deliver performance targets better than Si. In this paper, we present CMOS performance benchmarking results for Si, InAs, GaAs, and Ge nanowire (NW) n- and pMOSFETs with LG=13 nm (ITRS node of year 2018 [1-3]) based on atomistic quantum transport simulation [4] and including strain effects [5]. Uniaxial [6] tensile/compressive strain mostly increases nMOS/pMOS drive current and vice versa, but results may be different for low power (LP) operation because strain may also affect the tunneling leakage current. We also discuss the threshold voltage (Vth) sensitivity to strain, which may have an impact on the device variation. Finally, we compare current (I), capacitance (C), and energy (CV2) vs. delay (CV/I) trade-off (for gate or interconnect loading) across different n-channel (Si, InAs, GaAs, Ge) and p-channel (Si, Ge) materials considering extrinsic parasitic components (RSD, Cfringe) for different supply voltages (VDD's). We project that Ge CMOS (using NWs [7]) with source/drain (S/D) doping density (Nsd) optimized [8] depending on the operating condition (high performance (HP) or LP) may deliver the best drive current and CV2 vs. CV/I while it would also benefit from the homogeneous material integration. For low capacitance (low power consumption), III-V-Ge hybrid CMOS is most advantageous.
Whither Anticoagulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Conflicting Evidence REVEALed.

Despite availability of a burgeoning array of therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including agents targeting the prostaglandin, endothelin, and nitric oxide pathways, long- term outcome remains of concern. Providers therefore seek to leverage every possible advantage in the battle to prolong the lives of these compelling patients. Historically that effort has included the use of warfarin, based upon the pathophysiologic concepts of the potential role of in situ thrombosis and/or superimposed thromboemboli in disease progression, and buttressed by early nonrandomized analyses of factors impacting patient outcome. Warfarin anticoagulation has been such a dogmatic component of the approach to PAH that the precarious evidence base upon which it rests may be underappreciated. In this issue of Circulation , an analysis from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Disease Management in PAH (REVEAL) appears to have further eroded the rather wobbly legs of that base 1 . The REVEAL registry is the largest PAH registry ever developed, and has been mined for an astonishing array of useful analyses including changing demographics of PAH, temporal trends of treatment and outcome, and development of prognostic tools. This registry owes its success to a highly motivated, collaborative team, dedicated and sophisticated statistical support, and proper funding. However, registry based forays into analysis of the impact of specific treatment on outcome is of course fraught with well-known hazards. Statistical methods can to some extent correct for known confounders such as disease severity, but other confounders may be unknown or difficult to take into account (e.g., disease trajectory; patient compliance). Yet in the persisting absence of randomized trials of anticoagulation in PAH, registry based analyses remain the best available source of information in this regard.
Concentrations of gentamicin and carbenicillin in bronchial secretions

A canine model was used to study the kinetics of antibiotic penetration into and clearance from normal respiratory tract secretions. Gentamicin and carbenicillin appeared in bronchial secretions within 5 min after iv injection and reached peak concentrations between 15 and 30 min, when levels in serum were maximal. During a 2-hr period, levels of antibiotic fell more slowly than in serum, indicating that clearance from the respiratory tract may be prolonged or that the antibiotics may accumulate in the secretions. Concentrations of gentamicin in bronchial secretions were greater than the MIC for 63% of isolated Pseudomonas; bronchial levels of carbenicillin exceeded the MIC of only 43% of pseudomonas isolates. In contrast, penicillin G was found to achieve easily the therapeutic levels in bronchial secretions for such susceptible organisms as Diplococcus pneumoniae. This study indicates a degree of unpredictability in obtaining therapeutic concentrations of gentamicin and carbenicillin in bronchial secretions in spite of adequate levels in
A leadership focus on evidence-based practice: tools for successful implementation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Case managers grapple with best methods to infuse case management evidence into their practice. This article examines the role of each case manager as a leader in evidence-based practice (EBP) and emphasizes proven strategies for case management leaders to move EBP into their case management environment. Special focus is placed on steps to establish a practice culture supportive of EBP, creating the organizational infrastructure to support EBP, and practical tips for success. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING: This article applies to any case management practice setting. FINDINGS/ CONCLUSIONS: Employing a systematic model to move the evidence into the case management practice setting results in improved patient, case manager, and organizational outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Case management service provision based on the established evidence base creates a more legally and ethically sound practice. A change in practice to EBP will increase individual case managers' leadership abilities, thus establishing a stronger and more satisfied employee base. Utilization of a well-planned approach to incorporate evidence into practice results in higher levels of success and improves patient and organizational outcomes.
CARCINOMA OF THE CORPUS UTERI.

Prognosis in carcinoma of the corpus uteri depends on proper selection of patients for irradiation and surgery.A new classification of tumors emphasizes accurate appraisal of the extent of the disease. Staging of the carcinoma follows a fractional curettage. Myometrial involvement and the microscopic degree of differentiation of tumor are important considerations in prognosis.When the tumor involves the cervix, irradiation or radical surgery, or both, is indicated. Irradiation administered before hysterectomy markedly improves the prognosis in undifferentiated carcinoma.
Plenary lecture 1: shock reflection problems and gas dynamics equations

We present mathematical analysis of shock reflection phenomenon using two-dimensional systems of conservation laws. Depending on the initial data, various types of shock reflection are possible, such as regular reflection (either supersonic or transonic) or Mach. We present proof of existence of regular reflection for the system of isentropic gas dynamics equations. The main idea in our approach is to rewrite the system using the self-similar coordinates. This leads to a free boundary problem for the subsonic state and the reflected shock. Existence of a solution is proved using the Holder estimates for the second order elliptic equations and various fixed point arguments. This work is joint with Barbara Lee Keyfitz (Ohio State University) and Suncica Canic (University of Houston).
Accelerating ab initio molecular dynamics simulations by linear prediction methods

Abstract Acceleration of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations can be reliably achieved by extrapolation of electronic data from previous timesteps. Existing techniques utilize polynomial least-squares regression to fit previous steps’ Fock or density matrix elements. In this work, the recursive Burg ‘linear prediction’ technique is shown to be a viable alternative to polynomial regression, and the extrapolation-predicted Fock matrix elements were three orders of magnitude closer to converged elements. Accelerations of 1.8–3.4× were observed in test systems, and in all cases, linear prediction outperformed polynomial extrapolation. Importantly, these accelerations were achieved without reducing the MD integration timestep.
Generalized Butler-Volmer relation on a curved electrode surface under the action of stress

According to the principle of thermal activation process, the energy state of a material under the action of stress is a function of local stress. A generalized Butler-Volmer relationship for the electrode reaction on the surface of a curved electrode is derived, which takes account of the effects of local stress and the radius of mean curvature. From this relationship, the overpotential is found to be proportional to hydrostatic stress and the activation volume under the condition of open circuit. The conditions for the deposition of the material made solely from solute atoms and the formation of surface pits and porous structures are obtained, using the generalized Butler-Volmer relationship.
Vaccination with Leukemia Cells Expressing Cell-Surface-Associated GM-CSF Blocks Leukemia Induction in Immunocompetent Mice.

The fundamental basis for immunotherapy of leukemia is that leukemia cells express specific antigens that are not expressed by normal hematopoietic cells. However, the host immune system appears to be tolerant of leukemia cells. To overcome this immune tolerance, we transduced WEHI-3B mouse monocyte leukemia cells (1) with a transmembrane form of GM-CSF (tmGM-CSF). The tmGM-CSF was constructed using the pDisplay vector for cell-surface targeting (Invitrogen) into the pLOX lentivirus gene transfer vector (2). After infection of WEHI-3B cells with a recombinant lentivirus encoding tmGM-CSF, nearly all the transduced cells expressed tmGM-CSF on the cell-surface, as determined by flow cytometry analysis using anti-GM-CSF. To determine whether vaccination with tmGM-CSF expressing WEHI-3B cells would prevent leukemia formation, immunocompetent BALB/c mice were immunized with lethally-irradiated WEHI-3B cells (106, 3 times 7 day intervals), which express tmGM-CSF, prior to challenging vaccinated mice with WEHI-3B cells (5x104) that express GFP as a marker. 100% of vaccinated mice were protected from leukemia. Non-vaccinated mice succumbed to leukemia within 50–55 days. Vaccination of mice with lethally-irradiated WEHI-3B cells expressing CD40L protected 80% of the mice from leukemia. In contrast, mice immunized with lethally-irradiated WEHI-3B/GFP cells lacking tmGM-CSF were not protected. Mice vaccinated three times at 5,12, 19 days after challenge with WEHI-3B/GFP cells had a significant increase in survival in that 60% of mice were alive and healthy at 16 days (to this date) after all control non-vaccinated mice had died. Similar vaccine studies were performed with BCR-ABL (b3a2)+ 32D cells (106) in immunocompetent C3H/HeJ mice (3). These mice die of leukemia within 35 days. After infection of BCR-ABL+ 32D cells with the lentivirus encoding tmGM-CSF/GFP, tmGM-CSF was expressed on the cell-surface. The C3H/HeJ mice challenged with BCR-ABL+32D/GFP cells (106) showed a significant level of protection by vaccination with lethally-irradiated tmGM-CSF+ 32D BCR-ABL cells (106, 2 times at 7 day intervals); 40% of the vaccinated mice remained healthy; all non-vaccinated mice died of leukemia. There was a significant difference in survival (P=0.03) between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Interestingly, the spleens of vaccinated C3H/HeJ mice that died of leukemia at the same time as non-vaccinated mice approached normal size whereas non-vaccinated mice had enlarged spleens. Our findings suggest that over-expression of cell-surface tmGM-CSF in leukemia cells can overcome immune tolerance, allowing the immune system to efficiently recognize and destroy the leukemia cells, providing extended survival of vaccinated mice. Because significant protection from death was achieved by vaccination after challenge with leukemia cells, tmGM-CSF expression in leukemia cells has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of leukemia.
Prognostic Significance of Surgical Margin Size After Neoadjuvant FOLFOX and/or FOLFIRI for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Optimal margin size when resecting colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains unclear, particularly in the setting of perioperative chemotherapy. We evaluated the prognostic significance of margin size in patients who received neoadjuvant FOLFOX and/or FOLFIRI prior to resection of CRLM. Clinicopathologic factors were collected for patients who underwent curative liver resections for CRLM between 4/2004–1/2016 and received neoadjuvant oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan and 5-FU (FOLFOX, FOLFIRI). Margins were categorized as 0.05). Patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM should receive post-resection chemotherapy if negative margins (≥ 1 mm) cannot be achieved. For patients receiving FOLFOX and/or FOLFIRI chemotherapy, wider margins did not improve OS.
Social–ecological system responses to Hurricane Sandy in the Hudson-Raritan Estuary

The impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Hudson-Raritan estuary (HRE) provided a valuable case study for exploring interactions between long-term environmental degradation, new climatic disturbance stressors, and human behavioral responses. We extend previous research on the ecological effects of major storms to compare water quality and biological parameters three years before and three years after Hurricane Sandy and consider how ecosystem shifts relate to anglers' perceptions. Results indicate that water clarity and nutrients returned to pre-storm conditions in about one year, while shifts in the biological community, including a significant increase in harmful algal species and declines in zooplankton and Atlantic menhaden, persisted for multiple years, and anglers continued to fish amidst ecosystem decline. Biotic recovery time in the HRE was longer than reports for other shallow estuaries frequently disturbed by hurricanes. Ecological and social responses suggest that the post-storm regime shifts and continued fishing pressure could further environmental degradation.
Introduction and Overview to the Clinical Concepts of Learning Disabilities

In both pediatrics and child and adolescent psychiatry it is not uncommon to evaluate children and adolescents with academic, school, and behavioral problems. One of the most common reasons for such difficulties is a learning disability. Such students often develop secondary emotional, social, and family problems. It is, therefore, critical that the clinician evaluate the total child or adolescent, making an effort to clarify all biologic as well as psychological, social, and family difficulties when formulating a diagnosis and developing a treatment plan.
Classes, Jim, But Not as We Know Them -- Type Classes in Haskell: What, Why, and Whither

Haskell is now quite widely used, but its most important contributions are the ideas that it embodies. In this talk I will focus on one of these ideas, namely type classes, with a few anecdotes and reflections along the way about the process of developing the language. Type classes are probably Haskell's most distinctive feature. The original idea is very neat and, better still, it led to a long series of subsequent generalisations and innovations. Indeed, although the language is now nineteen years old, Haskell's type system is still in a state of furious development. For example, I am involved in adding type-level functions to Haskell, as I will briefly describe. I will explain what type classes are, how they differ from the classes of mainstream object oriented languages, why I think they are so cool, and what the hot topics are. I'll give plenty of examples, so you don't need to already know Haskell.
Women Politics and Leadership in Japan and Taiwan

The paper compares and contrasts the role of women in politics in Japan and Taiwan. What explains the relatively high representation of women in the Taiwan political system, while the numbers for Japan are much lower?
Hospital Resource Utilization in Epilepsy: Disparities in Rural vs Urban Care

Summary Objective This study assessed differences in resource utilization during epilepsy and seizure related hospitalizations in urban versus rural environments, to identify potential disparities in care for people living with epilepsy in rural communities. Methods A 10 year (2001 to 2011) state-wide hospital discharge database was used. Cost, length of stay, illness severity, and procedure use were compared between urban facilities, rural facilities, and epilepsy centers. Comparison across three separate years helped to identify differences between facility type as well as to assess practices changes within facilities over time. Results Average total charges between the three types of facilities was significantly different, with epilepsy centers having the highest average charge per patient, followed by urban and rural facilities (corrected p-values Significance This study indicates a measurable difference between epilepsy centers, urban facilities, and rural facilities in cost and procedure utilization while caring for patients during epilepsy- and seizure-related hospitalizations. If these conclusions are valid, they support that persons living with epilepsy who live in rural communities and utilize these services receive care that is considered suboptimal when compared to urban centers or epilepsy centers.
Simulating the hot dip galvanizing process of high mast illumination poles. Part II: Effects of geometrical properties and galvanizing practices

Abstract Cracks that develop during galvanization of High Mast Illumination Poles (HMIPs), often at the pole-to-base plate connection, are an important concern to US fabricators and highway officials. If they are not detected during fabrication and are allowed to propagate during service, these cracks can pose a significant risk to the public due to the ubiquitous presence of HMIPs in close proximity to roads and highways. Economic losses caused by these cracks include the cost of detailed inspections to ascertain their presence and direct losses associated with discarded poles or repair of cracks that manifest while in service. Modifications to the design of HMIPs and/or the galvanization process to reduce the likelihood of galvanization cracks reduce economic loses, decrease fabrication costs, and improve public safety. This paper presents a parametric study evaluating the effects of geometric configuration and galvanization practices on thermally-induced stress/strain demands during the galvanization of HMIPs. Simulations were performed for poles with standard pole-to-base plate connection details adopted by the Texas DOT. Geometric parameters evaluated in the study included base plate-to-pole thickness ratio, pole shaft geometric shape, and bend radius. Galvanizing practice variables included dwell time, speed and angle of dipping, and cross-section orientation. Simulations were conducted using the commercial software Abaqus, following the methodology validated in a companion paper. In models having the same pole thickness, thermally-induced stresses and strains at critical locations increased with base plate-to-pole thickness ratio. In models with the same base plate thickness, stress and strain demands varied inversely proportional to pole thickness. Stress and strain demands were found to be lower for poles having circular shape than for multi-sided poles, and increases in bend radius led to reductions in localized strain demands. Dwell time was found to have a negligible effect on stress and strain demands, while increased dipping speed and dipping angle resulted in decreased stress and strain demands during galvanizing.
Stitching a solution to the addiction epidemic: A longitudinal addiction curricular thread across four years of medical training.

Despite the enormous burden and public health impact, addiction continues to be one of the most under-treated chronic diseases primarily because of the lack of adequately trained work force of medi...
Oligomerization and polymerization of 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene by cationic palladium and nickel catalysts

Nickel- and palladium-based catalyst systems were developed to convert 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) to oligomers and polymers with highly controllable molecular weights. Depending on the choice of central metal ion, supporting ligand, and α-olefin chain transfer agent (CTA), ENB-derived materials ranging from dimers (ca. 270 Da) to high molecular weight polymers (>100 000 Da) were prepared. Typical reactions utilized [(η6-mesitylene)M(η3-2-R-allyl)]+ (M = Pd, R = H; M = Ni, R = Me) in dichloromethane solution at ambient temperature, with tertiary phosphine co-ligands and α-olefins controlling the enchainment. Access to oligomers of cycloolefins with Mn < 2000 Da is noteworthy, particularly considering that ENB is much less reactive than norbornene itself.
Critical celebrations of independent media centers 20 years on

This article briefly summarizes the general trajectory of IMCs over the past 20 years since their emergence in 1999. Despite their decline since the mid-2000s, this article also makes a case for th...
Substantial hospital level variation in all-cause readmission rates among medicare beneficiaries with serious mental illness.

Abstract Background Patients with serious mental illness (i.e., SMI; bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia) are at increased risk of readmission, yet little is known about the extent to which readmission rates among these patients vary across hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine the variation across hospitals in readmissions for patients with SMI and differences in the characteristics of hospitals with the highest and lowest adjusted readmission rates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of pooled inpatient claims from 2013-2016. Mixed logit models with hospital random effects were used to estimate the hospital-level variance. The sample included patients with SMI from a 5% sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Results We identified 2066 hospitals with at least 30 index admissions for Medicare beneficiaries with SMI. In multivariate analyses, factors most strongly associated with increased risk of readmission included substance use disorder (OR 2.311; p
The effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments compared to pharmacologic treatments in veterans with sleep disturbances: a systematic review protocol.

Objective The objective is to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments compared to pharmacologic treatments in veterans with sleep disturbances. Introduction Sleep disturbances in veterans are a common occurrence. If left untreated, these individuals are susceptible not only to accidents and injuries but long-term psychiatric and/or cardiovascular complications. Inclusion criteria This review will consider studies of veterans, aged 18 and over, with a diagnosis of sleep disturbances. This study will exclude patients with psychotic disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, or other medical illnesses causing disrupted sleep. Methods This review will use the JBI methodology for evidence of effectiveness. The search will be limited to studies published in English after 1970. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and PsycINFO (EBSCO). The trial registers to be searched include US National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov) and Cochrane Library. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, and WorldWideScience. Eligible studies will undergo critical appraisal and data extraction by two independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments and a data extraction tool from JBI. Studies will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis when possible. When statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form with tables and figures. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO (CRD42019140804).
Distinct T cell chromatin landscapes in scleroderma subtypes

ABSTRACT Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is a poorly understood autoimmune rheumatic disease that primarily affects women. The clinical hallmark is hardening of the skin, but internal organ dysfunction is the leading cause of death. Diagnosis and treatment are complicated by heterogeneity within the disease including variable lethality, fibrosis severity, serum autoantibody production, and internal organ involvement. Important gaps remain in our knowledge of the exact molecular and cellular pathways underlying distinct SSc subtypes. Herein, we identify genome-wide chromatin accessibility profiles of peripheral CD4+ T cells to distinguish and better understand the observed heterogeneity in SSc patients. We identify a link between serum anticentromere autoantibody (ACA) subtype and elevated levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and increased chromatin access at gene loci encoding fibrosis-driving Th2 cytokines IL4, IL13, and IL4 receptor. Biological sex followed by autoantibody subtype are the predominant variables associated with differences in CD4+ T cell epigenomic profiles, while mycophenolate mofetil treatment appeared to have no effect. These results suggest new mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies to address SSc, especially the ACA+ subtype that is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
A Rising Tide Does Not Lift All Boats: Intersectional Analysis Reveals Inequitable Impacts of the Seafood Trade in Fishing Communities

Seafood is the world’s most traded food commodity, and the international trade in seafood is promoted as a development strategy in low-income coastal communities across the globe. However, the seafood trade can drive negative social and environmental impacts in fishing communities, and whether the benefits of trade actually reach fishers is a subject of ongoing scholarship. Furthermore, scholars and policymakers have tended to treat fishing communities as homogeneous, assuming that trade policies will impact all members equally. Yet individual community members have different roles, statuses, and entitlements according to their intersecting identities, meaning that different fishers will be differently impacted by the seafood trade. In particular, women occupy different positions than men in seafood value chains and in fishing communities. There are also important within-group differences among men and among women depending on their nationality, marital status, and other identity markers. Through 205 surveys, 54 interviews, and ethnographic field methods conducted in fifteen rural Palauan fishing communities between November 2019 and March 2020, this case study of the sea cucumber trade in Palau brings together theories of gender, intersectionality, and access to answer the question, “How are the harms and benefits of the seafood trade distributed in fishing communities?” In this case, men benefited more than women from the export of sea cucumbers by leveraging access to technology; knowledge; and authority, and the trade depleted resources relied on primarily by women for their food security and livelihoods. An intersectional analysis revealed that marital status and nationality determined access among women, with married women having greater access than unmarried women and immigrant women having greater access than immigrant men, demonstrating the importance of intersectionality as an analytical tool.
Who benefits more? The heterogeneous impact of highways on employment growth

This paper explores the relationship between the stock of interstate highways on employment growth of counties in Texas between 1983 and 2012. Using the Chernozhukov-Hansen instrumental variables q...
The effects of controls and controllable and storage loads on the performance of stand-alone photovoltaic systems

Stand-alone photovoltaic systems have been modeled and analyzed from sunlight in to consumer product out. By including the consumer product in the analysis, concepts such as 'product storage' (a storage tank for water or cold-plates for refrigeration) and loads controllable by the system controller have been added to the system analysis. From a controls analysis viewpoint, this adds state variables to the system. The result is that the system controller can make operating control decisions on the energy flow between these various system elements to optimize system performance and reduce system cost. The effects on system performance of various control schemes employing these concepts are presented. Analysis of water pumping and/or refrigeration systems show possible performance improvements of greater than 15% with the addition of controllable loads with product storage.
Aspects of Intellectual Property Law for HEP Software Developers

In this day and age, when any significant software development project first gets going, every developer needs to consider the Intellectual Property impacts, whether it is to avoid doing anything that will infringe others rights, or simply that one wishes to either protect their own rights or preserve their ability to control the exploitation of their efforts. When one thinks of software development and Intellectual Property issues, the laws with respect to Copyrights and possibly Patents come to mind first. These areas of the law are clearly very important but the worlds of Trademarks and Trade Secrets, including employment agreements are many times just as crucial to consider. The advent of the Internet has also had an impact on the law in many ways that are not yet entirely settled. Finally, the European Union has embarked on a major experiment in Intellectual Property law with the creation of a wholly new paradigm in protecting databases. This chapter will present synopsis of the current state of these areas of the law with a slant towards their application to software development projects and the people involved in them both as developers and users.
Auditory Pareidolia: Effects of Contextual Priming on Perceptions of Purportedly Paranormal and Ambiguous Auditory Stimuli

Summary Reality television programs that explore purportedly paranormal phenomena with pseudoscientific research approaches have emerged in popular culture. These shows commonly feature electronic voice phenomena (EVP), whereby recording devices capture audio signals that are interpreted as paranormal messages. We compared perceptions for voices in EVP with actual speech, acoustic noise, and degraded speech. Some participants were told that the experiment was about speech intelligibility, whereas others were told that the experiment was about paranormal EVP. The paranormal prime increased the proportion of trials for which participants perceived voices in both EVP stimuli and degraded speech. When a voice was detected, low agreement was found regarding the content of EVP messages. In both priming conditions, participants reported general skepticism in the paranormal. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical perspectives on paranormal events, trait-versus-state accounts of paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscientific approaches to research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ultraviolet Solar Opacity

Ultraviolet solar observations are compared with predictions from a new solar model. From 3600 to 1700 A there is heavy line blanketing; probably one or more major sources of opacity are missing from the theoretical calculation in this region.