cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creativity Styles of Supervising Managers

The Creativity Styles Questionnaire-Revised was administered to 93 supervising managers of a nation-wide rail transportation corporation. The managers were divided into high and low creative groups based on a self-report measure of creative capacity. The results were consistent with those obtained with students in a previous study. The high creative managers, relative to low creative managers, reported (a) greater belief in unconscious processes, (b) using a greater number of techniques, and (c) being more motivated in their efforts to pursue ideas rather than to develop a concrete final product.
Notes on Neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new species from Panama

Three new species ofSelaginella from Panama are described and illustrated:S. correae, S. salazariae, andS. taylorii. In addition, a new name,S. smithiorum, is proposed forS. velutina A. R. Smith (nonS. velutina Cesati), and eleven new distribution records are reported. The relationships of the species are discussed and keys to some of the species are provided.
High voltage dielectric properties of spin coated BaTiO3 on Ni foils

The voltage dependence of the electrical leakage current density of chemical solution deposited BaTiO3 films on high purity Ni foils was investigated as function of the underlying Ni microstructure. Depending on the Ni heat-treatment prior to BaTiO3 deposition, it was found that pores in the dielectric followed the profiles of the underlying Ni grain boundary grooved microstructure. The electrical properties were then characterized on capacitors with and without the presence of Ni grain boundaries. When a Ni grain boundary from the substrate is present, it is found that the loss tangent of the capacitor rises rapidly when the dc bias exceeds ~30kV/cm. The critical bias increases to ~100kV/cm when no substrate grain boundaries are included in the capacitor. In addition, the C-V curves are much more symmetric when grain boundaries are absent. This disparity in the electrical behavior was analyzed in terms of the mechanisms of charge conduction across the Ni-dielectric interface. While a reversed biased Schottky emission mechanism dominates the currents in areas free of Ni grain boundaries, the barrier at the cathode is ineffective when Ni grain boundaries are present in the substrate leading to considerable leakage current dominated by the forward biased Schottky barrier at the anode. The results are important to both embedded and surface mount capacitors.
Repeated administration of naltrexone and diprenorphine decreases food intake and body weight in squirrel monkeys.

Although chronic administration of naloxone has been reported to reduce food intake and body weight in rats, there have been no comparable investigations using a nonhuman primate. We examined the effects of repeated injections of two long acting opiate antagonists - naltrexone and diprenorphine - on the ad libitum intake of a nutritionally complete liquid diet and on body weight in squirrel monkeys. Naltrexone binds with highest affinity to the mu opioid receptor whereas diprenorphine binds with equally high affinity to several subtypes of opioid receptor. Diprenorphine (ED50 = 0.01 mg/kg) was 22 time more potent than naltrexone (ED50 = 0.22 mg/kg) in decreasing 2 h food intake, suggesting that more than one opioid receptor subtype may be involved in the anorectic effects of opiate antagonists. A 1.0 mg/kg dose of drug reduced 24 h food intake by 50% and was associated with a weekly reduction in body weight of 4 and 5% for naltrexone and diprenorphine, respectively. Thus, in contrast with shorter time intervals, 24 h food intakes were similar for the two drugs, and this was associated with comparable body weight profiles. The decreases in food intake and body weight remained constant over the period of drug administration. Some monkeys showed profuse salivation and “wet dog shakes” after 4 days of treatment with the 1.0 mg/kg dose but not after 1 day. Therefore, opiate antagonists given chronically to monkeys reduced food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner with no evidence of tolerance to these effects.
Intracellular binding sites for insulin are immunologically distinct from those on the plasma membrane.

SPECIFIC high affinity binding sites for insulin have been shown to be located on the plasma membrane of target cells1, and they are also present on purified intracellular organelles2 including intact nuclei3, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum2,4, and the Golgi apparatus5. Although these intracellular sites have certain binding characteristics similar to those on the plasma membrane2–5, it is not known whether these binding sites share other biochemical features. Using an antiserum directed at the cell surface binding sites, we have found that several types of intracellular binding sites for insulin are immunologically distinct from those on the plasma membrane.
Effects of dietary antioxidants on the immune function of middle-aged adults.

The immune system is highly reliant on accurate cell–cell communication for optimal function, and any damage to the signalling systems involved will result in an impaired immune responsiveness. Oxidant-mediated tissue injury is a particular hazard to the immune system, since phagocytic cells produce reactive oxygen species as part of the body's defence against infection. Adequate amounts of neutralizing antioxidants are required, therefore, to prevent damage to the immune cells themselves. Many antioxidants can be obtained directly from the diet (e.g. ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, carotenoids and polyphenolic flavonoids) or require micronutrients as integral components (e.g. Se in the metalloenzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)). Numerous epidemiological studies have found strong associations between diets rich in antioxidant nutrients and a reduced incidence of cancer, and it has been suggested that a boost to the body's immune system by antioxidants might, at least in part, account for this. Although more striking effects have been observed in the elderly, there is also evidence that antioxidant nutrients can modify cell-mediated immune responses in younger individuals. Indeed, it might be essential to have an adequate intake of antioxidant nutrients from an early age in order to help prevent the development of, or at least delay the onset of, several degenerative disorders. The present paper will review the effects of specific nutrients on immune function in young to middle-aged human subjects, focusing on the antioxidant vitamins C and E, and on Se. A further review, dealing more specifically with the effects of carotenoids on human immune function, will be presented at a forthcoming meeting of the Nutrition Society.
Issues for academic health centers to consider before implementing a balanced-scorecard effort.

Because of changes in the health care environment, it is likely that strategic planning and management will become much more important to academic health centers (AHCs) than in the past. One approach to strategic planning and management that is gaining the considerable interest of health care organizations is the balanced scorecard. Based on a year's experience in examining this management tool, and on early implementation efforts, the authors critically evaluate the applicability of the balanced-scorecard approach at AHCs in relation to two fundamental questions: Does the decentralized nature of most AHCs mitigate the potential usefulness of the balanced-scorecard approach? Are the balanced scorecard's four perspectives (learning and growth, internal; customer; and financial) appropriate for AHCs, which are neither for-profit nor manufacturing organizations? The authors conclude that (1) the unique characteristics of AHCs may mitigate the full benefit of the balanced-scorecard approach, and (2) in cases where it is used, some key modifications must be made in the balanced-scorecard approach to account for those unique characteristics. For example, in a corporation, the key question from the financial perspective is "To succeed financially, how should we appear to our stockholders?" But in an AHC, this question must be revised to "What financial condition must we achieve to allow us to accomplish our mission?"
Effect of stimulation and antagonism of interleukin-1 signaling on preterm delivery in mice.

Objective:Transgenic mice that overexpress the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling, were used to test whether blockade of IL-1 can prevent bacterially induced preterm delivery in a validated murine model. These IL-1ra transgenic mice have been shown previously to be protected from lethal endotoxin shock.Methods:In a series of four separate experiments, 201 female wild-type and transgenic mice on day 14.5 of a 19-20 day gestation underwent intrauterine injection with either 0.5-20 μg of recombinant human IL-1β (rhIL-1β) or 105-108 heat-killed Escherichia coli organisms. Fetuses were either all wild-type, all transgenic, or of mixed genotype (see below). Preterm delivery and maternal survival rates were recorded. IL-1ra protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Intrauterine administration of IL-1β induced preterm delivery in a dose-dependent manner and did not cause other adverse maternal ...
RADIOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF RIB FRACTURES: A RESTRAINT-BASED STUDY OF OCCUPANTS IN CAR CRASHES

Twenty-nine human cadavers were subjected to frontal impacts using two restraint conditions:: torso belt-only (14 tests), and torso belt-and-airbag (15 tests). Five radiologists independently evaluated post-test chest films, and their results were compared with detailed necropsy results. The radiologists' ability to identify rib fractures was influenced by the restraint system, rib number, aspect (right or left), circumferential location of the fracture, and the number of fractures on the rib. The probability of fracture detection (sensitivity) was significantly higher for the torso belt-only group (0.44) than for the belt-and-airbag group (0.24). Knowledge of fracture locations increased the overall (both restraint groups) sensitivity from 0.40 to 0.49. It is concluded that the sensitivity is dependent on the restraint system used. Since rib fractures are the injuries most commonly used to describe AIS 2+ thoracic injury severity, this dependence may bias field data-based comparative studies of restraint...
The duality of qualitative and quantitative knowing in school geometry

The paper examines the problematic nature of the teaching of school geometry where complex constructs (measurements aspects) are being used to teach simpler constructs (visual properties). This predicament was identified by Piaget [1] and Wirszup [2]. Within the space of polygons, this paper proposes a pedagogical solution to the problem based on a mathematical analysis of the potential transformation of ‘spatial operations into logical ones applied to a continuum’ with some examples.
Using the ART-MMAP Neural Network to Model and Predict Urban Growth: A Spatiotemporal Data Mining Approach

Predicting patterns of urban growth will be a major challenge for policy makers and environmental scientists in the 21st century. How cities grow—their shape and size—will have enormous implication...
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): A guide for parents

This booklet is about a congenital heart defect called Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS). This defect occurs when the pumping chamber of the left side of the heart does not grow properly before birth. It is called a syndrome because several areas of the heart’s left side are affected. HLHS is a very serious problem. Not all children are affected in the same way or to the same degree. Few children survive more than 1 or 2 weeks without surgery. While HLHS affects about two children in 10000, the cause of HLHS is not known.
Research Note: Nutritive Value of Poultry By-Product Meal.3. Incorporation into Practical Diets

Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate the value of poultry by-product meal (PBPM) when incorporated into practical diets at low levels (5 to 10%). Samples from one plant, a Monday morning sample (fresh broiler waste) and a Friday afternoon sample (broiler and hatchery waste and dissolved air flotation sludge) were compared to a sample from another plant (fresh broiler waste). When the samples were incorporated at the 5% level into isocaloric, isonitrogenous corn-soy meal-based practical diets, no differences in 20-day gain or feed efficiency could be detected between the samples or in comparison with the effects of feeding an all-plant-based control diet in two experiments. Chick growth and feed efficiency were significantly depressed when PBPM was incorporated into the diet at the 10% level.
Measurement of Interfluorine Distances in Solids

Abstract 19 F homonuclear dipolar recoupling methods were used to measure internuclear distances ranging from 5 to 12 A in fluorinated organic compounds in the solid state. Magic-angle-spinning-based high-resolution techniques were utilized. Trifluoromethyl and aromatic fluorine groups were seperated by rigid aromatic spacers; these compounds were diluted into nonfluorinated host molecule matrices to give isolated homonuclear spin pairs with known internuclear distances. Radiofrequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) was used to elicit magnetization exchange between the spin pairs in 1D and 2D experiments. Simulation of the exchange was accomplished using a Monte Carlo-type algorithm to search the parameter space. These methods allow the determination of distances with an accuracy of 1 A at shorter distances and 2 A at longer distances, with the assumption of no prior knowledge of T 2 ZQ .
Hemodynamic and interventional catheterization of the patient with single ventricle

Abstract Diagnostic catheterization has traditionally been a staple of the preoperative evaluation of patients with single ventricle. Accordingly, catheterization procedures were undertaken in anticipation of staged, palliative, surgical procedures. The success and efficacy of a variety of transcatheter interventions have brought about a new approach to catheterization of these patients. Rather than simply identifying hemodynamic and anatomic risk factors for single ventricle palliation, the invasive cardiologist must now investigate these problems with an eye toward catheter-based intervention.
The today and tomorrow of kids: Time preferences and educational outcomes of children

Abstract We experimentally investigate the distribution of children's time preferences along gender and racial lines. We find that boys are more impatient than girls and black children are more impatient than white children. Black boys have the highest discount rates of all groups. Most importantly, we show that impatience has a direct correlation with behavior that is predictive of economic success. An increase of one standard deviation in the discount rate is associated with an increase in the number of disciplinary referrals that a child has the following school year by 14%. Our results suggest that impatience might play an important role in determining the success of performance incentive programs for school children.
Relativistic particle spectra and mass splittings

Abstract We show how to do three things: to construct a relativistic Lie algebra whose irreducible representations contain infinite sequences of particles with spins and isospins which can be correlated as in the isobar spectrum of strong coupling theory; to obtain a mass spectrum for such isobars from an associative algebra structure; and to show how such an associative algebra has an underlying structure in terms of a finite-parameter Lie algebra.
Ultrastable superbase-derived protic ionic liquids.

Protic ionic liquids are synthesized via proton transfer from acids to organic bases. One of the key issues associated with conventional protic ionic liquids is the thermal instability resulting from temperature-induced decomposition via reverse proton transfer. This shortcoming significantly hampers the use of these protic ionic liquids in separations, electrochemical capacitors, fuel cells, and so forth. Herein we show that it is possible to prepare protic ionic liquids with thermal stabilities approaching those of common aprotic ionic liquids. Our new class of protic ionic liquids, derived via integrated neutralization and metathesis of superbasic phosphazenes or guanidines, exhibits exceptionally low vapor pressures at 150 °C while being stable to strong alkali agents such as aqueous KOH, suggesting potential in energy-related applications, including electrochemical capacitors and PEM-type fuel cells.
On the Impact of the Addition of Steady Flow to Oscillatory Flow in a Diffuser

Separating oscillating and pulsating flows in an internal adverse pressure gradient geometry are studied experimentally. Simultaneous velocity-pressure measurements demonstrate that the minor losses associated with oscillating flow in an adverse pressure gradient geometry can be smaller or larger than for steady flow. The minor losses grow with increasing displacement amplitude in the range 10 < L0 /h < 37. Losses decrease with Reδ in the range of 380 < Re < 740. The extent and duration of boundary separation increase with L0 /h. It is found that the losses increase with increasing diffuser angle for 12° < θ < 30°. The addition of steady flow can cause the in decrease if the flow becomes more turbulent as a result, or increase when the flow was already turbulent.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Falling into a Niche: Institutional Equilibrium Between Plurality and Proportional Representation for Large Political Parties

Scholars of electoral systems (e.g., Duverger 1954; Rae 1967) argue that a combination of electoral system and district magnitude provides the strategic incentives for political party competition. ...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities in coelenterates.

Abstract 1. 1. Tissue extracts from twenty-one cnidarian species and one ctenophore were assayed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities. 2. 2. All extract had glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the hydroids being most active. 3. 3. There was no easured 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in any of the hydroid extracts tested nor in the extracts obtained from two of three kinds of scyphozoans. 4. 4. The sustrate 6-phosphogluconate was shown to be metabolized by extracts from three hydroids and t hree scyphozoans tested, presumably by a phosphatase. 5. 5. Extracts of aposymbiotic C. viridissimi had no activity for gluconereductase, NAD- or NADP-dependent glucose oxidase, σ-gluconolactone reductase, NAD- or NADP-dependent glunoic oxidase, nor for ATP-dependent gluconokinase.
Volcaniclastic aeolian dunes: terrestrial examples and application to martian sands

Abstract On Earth, most aeolian dunes are quartz rich; others are composed of evaporites, carbonates, or clay/silt aggregates. Dunes made of wind-reworked volcaniclastic sediment comprise a less-commonly recognized fifth dune composition. Terrestrial volcaniclastic aeolian dunes are found in (1) arid to semi-arid volcanic regions and (2) coastal areas on volcanic islands. Their sediments can be formed by explosive volcanism or by erosion of lava flows and other lithified volcanic material. Commonly, these sediments have been transported by volcanic and/or fluvial processes before being reworked by wind. Their compositions range from malic to sialic, depending on local volcanic sources. Volcaniclastic dunes, especially those of basaltic composition, may be the best compositional analog for aeolian dunes on Mars. Martian dunes are typically dark-hued and their sands may be derived from erosion of volcanic materials.
An upper limit on the masses of the charged higgs bosons in the Gelmini-Roncadelli model

Abstract The Gelmini-Roncadelli model allows neutrino masses via an enlarged Higgs sector. One-loop corrections to W ± and Z masses from the Higgs potential of this model are calculated, to leading order in heavy Higgs masses. Using the value of the ϱ parameter, the masses of the charged scalars are bounded.
Multilayer Fabry-Perot microbolometers for infrared wavelength selective detection

Multi-color narrow-band Salisbury Screen and Jaumann Absorbers using optimized thickness Si3N4 layers are designed that produce wavelength selectivity in 7~14μm wavelength band. The Jaumann Absorbers can be used as a vertically stacked pixel structure to save space and enhance resolution compared to frequency selective Salisbury Screens pixels lying in a common plane.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The growing harm of not teaching malware

Revisiting the need to educate professionals to defend against malware in its various guises.
Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: molecular mechanisms and effect of modulators

1. Loss of response after prolonged or repeated application of stimulus is generally termed desensitization. A wide variety of phenomena occurring in living organisms falls under this general definition of desensitization. There are two main types of desensitization processes: specific and non-specific. 2. Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is triggered by prolonged or repeated exposure to agonists and results in inactivation of its ion channel. It is a case of specific desensitization and is an intrinsic molecular property of the receptor. 3. Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction was first reported by Katz and Thesleff in 1957. Desensitization of the receptor has been demonstrated by rapid kinetic techniques and also by the characteristic “burst kinetics” obtained from single-channel recordings of receptor activity in native as well as in reconstituted membranes. In spite of a number of studies, the detailed molecular mechanism of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization is not known with certainty. The progress of desensitization is accompanied by an increase in affinity of the receptor for its agonist. This change in affinity is attributed to a conformational change of the receptor, as detected by spectroscopic and kinetic studies. A four-state general model is consistent with the major experimental observations. 4. Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor can be potentially modulated by exogenous and endogenous substances and by covalent modifications of the receptor structure. Modulators include the noncompetitive blockers, calcium, the thymic hormone peptides (thymopoietin and thymopentin), substanceP, the calcitonin gene-related peptide, and receptor phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is an important posttranslational covalent modification that is correlated with the regulation and desensitization of the receptor through various protein kinases. 5. Although the physiological significance of desensitization of the nicotinic receptor is not yet fully understood, desensitization of receptors probably plays a significant role in the operation of the neuronal networks associated in memory and learning processes. Desensitization of the nicotinic receptor could also possibly be related to the neuromuscular disease, myasthenia gravis.
Milks and formulas for older infants

Older infants derive a substantial proportion of their nutrient intake from beikost(foods other than milk or formula). Milks and formulas fed to older infants should complement the nutrient intake provided by beikost without unduly stressing the infant's capacity to excrete waste products. Using contemporary data regarding nutrient intakes from beikost, I examined the total nutrient intake of 6- to 12-month-old infants. Nutrient intakes of infants fed beikost plus iron-fortified formulas designed for younger infants are entirely satisfactory. On the other hand, when cow milk is fed together with beikost, infants receive unnecessarily high intakes of protein and electrolytes, resulting in an unduly high renal solute load. Because cow milk is also prone to cause occult intestinal blood loss, it is not considered a suitable feeding for 6- to 12-month-old infants.
Kinetics of the Transformation of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene by Iron Sulfide

The transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) by 10 g/L (0.5 m2/L) FeS in aqueous solution at pH 8.3 was studied in batch experiments. TCE and PCE were transformed by FeS with pseudo-first-order rate constants, corrected for partitioning to the sample headspace, of (1.49 ± 0.14) × 10-3 h-1 (TCE) and (5.7 ± 1.0) × 10-4 h-1 (PCE). A 17% decrease in the concentration of 1,1-DCE was observed over 120 days; however, no reaction products were detected. TCE and PCE transformation data were fit to a rate law assuming transformation of TCE via parallel reaction pathways to acetylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and transformation of PCE via parallel reaction pathways to acetylene and TCE. Acetylene was the major reaction product for both TCE and PCE. Determination of rate constants for each reaction pathway indicated that TCE was transformed to acetylene 11.8 ± 1.1 times faster than to cis-DCE and that PCE was transformed to acetylene 8.2 ± 1...
Improving the retention of complete dentures

1 he adhesive action of a thin film of saliva between the oral mucosa and the inner (basal) surface of a complete denture is recognized as one of the principle sources of denture retention. The retaining force due to capillarity (capillary attraction) is directly proportional to the surface tension of the fluid film, the area of solid surfaces, and the receding contact angle of the liquid to the solid, and it is inversely proportional to the thickness of the fluid film. Therefore, retention increases as the surface tension of the saliva increases, as the denture becomes more wettable, and as the area of contact increases. As the space between the denture and the oral mucosa increases, the retention decreases. The resistance of acrylic resin to surface wetti.ng, due to its low surface energy, has been realized since its introduction as a denture base material. In an effort to increase its wettability and hence its retention, various fillers and surface treatments have been proposed. This study was done to separate supposition from fact concerning (1) a new denture base material that is supposedly completely hydrophilic,+ (2) depositing an ultrathin layer of silicon dioxide on the denture base,$ and (3) sandblasting the denture base with various substances for different periods of time. All of these methods seem to offer promise of improving retention.
The prepayment of fixed-rate mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities: A switching regimes analysis

Abstract Most economic models of mortgage prepayment assume fixed parameters. The possibility of instability in the parameters governing the prepayment behavior of the fixed-rate mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities warrants inquiry. Prepayment data for a variety of GNMA securities are used to estimate a switching regimes model. The results support the existence of parameter instability for certain securities. By providing the means to identify parametrically stable prepayment regimes, the switching regimes model contributes to the modeling of mortgage prepayment behavior.
Anemia and iron target realization in 1998: clinical management of anemia in 1,639 patients on hemodialysis.

Anemia management in hemodialysis patients continues to evolve, and recently, greater emphasis has been placed on the wider use of intravenous iron to maintain adequate iron levels. This survey provides scarcely available yet potentially useful information on the clinical treatment of anemia in a large cohort of hemodialysis patients. The erythropoietin and iron administration details and pertinent laboratory measurements from 1,639 patients were analyzed for the month of December, 1998. A standardized protocol had been used in that erythropoietin was begun at a total weekly dose of 150 U/kg IV or 100 U/kg subcutaneously and was then adjusted to maintain a hematocrit (Hct) of 33-36%. Iron supplements, oral, IV, or both, were administered to maintain percent transferrin saturation (TSAT) at 20-30% and/or a serum ferritin of 100-500 ng/ml. No intravenous iron was administered if the ferritin was more than 500 ng/ml. Although 82% of patients were on iron supplementation and, among them, 58% were on IV iron, the percentage of patients with TSAT >20, i.e., bioavailable iron, was only 51%. The serum ferritin was high at 498 +/- 10 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 88% and 10% of patients had serum ferritin >100 and >1,000 ng/ml, respectively, suggestive of sequestration of part of the infused iron. Erythropoietin was administered to 96% of patients, 99.5% by IV route. The latter was consistent with the US dialysis population at large but in variance with DOQI preference for the subcutaneous route. The target Hct range of 33-36 was found in 33%, with a mean Hct of 34.0 +/- 0.12. When the data were reanalyzed by excluding patients who had not been receiving erythropoietin and had not been on dialysis for at least 3 months, the percentage of patients achieving the target Hct increased to 37%. Paired analysis of 875 patients present in 1996 and 1998 showed that, although there was a marked increase in the use of IV iron, the improvement in anemia was modest, and there was evidence for increased iron accumulation. In summary, this 1998 survey on the clinical practice of anemia management in a large hemodialysis population indicates that there is a marked increase in need-based IV iron usage that was associated with modest improvement in anemia and evidence for increased iron storage. A maintenance iron dosing protocol with smaller doses of iron, such as 25 mg of iron dextran per hemodialysis, may make bioavailable iron continuously present for erythropoiesis, yet may reduce the chance for iron catalyzed lipid peroxidation and tissue iron deposition.
Nonmarine Triassic Sedimentation, Central High Atlas Mountains, Morocco

ABSTRACT A maximum of 1,000 m of Triassic rock exposed in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco consists of mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate red beds containing intercalated basalt flows in the upper part of the stratigraphic section. The thickest accumulation of sediment was in northeasterly trending elongate basins, in which the principal direction of sediment transport was northeastward along the axes. Compositional data indicate that the Triassic red beds are mostly multi-cycle sediments, derived from local sources, and composed largely of detritus reworked from lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the nearby uplands. The sediment was deposited in a nonmarine environment by alluvial processes. Lacustrine and playa conditions were locally present. This nonmarine depositio ended when marine waters transgressed into the basins during Liassic time.
Immunotoxic effect of β-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage function in vitro

Beta-chlorolactic acid is a major intermediate of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) in mammalian species, which a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. beta-Chlorolactic acid has not been studied on immunotoxicity. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of beta-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and macrophage in vitro, we investigated splenocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A), anti-CD3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the production of cytokines from splenocyte, and the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. beta-Chlorolactic acid suppressed significantly splenic blastogenesis to Con A or anti-CD3 from 8.5 to 54.7% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. beta-Chlorolactic acid also suppressed significantly splenic blastogeneis to LPS from 8.5 to 71.5% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. The production level of interferon (IFN)-g on splenocyte culture with Con A was significantly reduced from 21.5 to 51.4% at the higher concentration than 100 microM of beta-chlorolactic acid. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 were also decreased 22.6-58.4 and 10.2-36.6%, respectively, at high concentrations of beta-chlorolactic acid. There was a significant decrease from 6.1 to 40.8% in the production of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages treated with 400-1000 microuM beta-chlorolactic acid. These results indicate that beta-chlorolactic acid might be able to induce immunotoxic effect on immune response of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
A new method of testing periodicity in cyclic sediments: application to the Newark Supergroup

Abstract We present a new, quantitative method for analyzing cyclic sediments. The gamma method (gamma = time/thickness) tests the assumption that the cycles are periodic and provides quantitative estimates for relative accumulation rates of the different sedimentary facies that compose the cycles. As such, it provides a means of estimating relative time at very high resolution. Application of the gamma method to Hettangian sediments of the Newark Supergroup indicates that the primary cycles were deposited in response to precessional climatic forcing, and that these cycles were modulated by an eccentricity cycle, with period ratios very similar to those of today. Results of gamma analysis also suggest that relative accumulation rates of the laminated, deep water lacustrine facies was about six times slower than that of the shallow water facies.
Extracranial carotid aneurysms: report of six cases and review of the literature.

Abstract Ligation of atherosclerotic extracranial carotid aneurysms was described nearly 200 years ago, but resection and direct reconstruction of these unusual lesions currently are associated with less risk for perioperative neurologic complications as well as with durable late results. During an interval in which carotid endarterectomy was performed in over 1500 patients at The Cleveland Clinic, only six patients underwent surgical management of cervial carotid aneurysms. Aneurysm resection was performed in conjunction with reanastomosis of the internal carotid artery in two patients but required saphenous vein interposition grafts in four others. A temporary carotid shunt was employed routinely and was threaded through the harvested vein before its insertion whenever graft replacement was necessary. Although one vein graft required revision because of early thrombosis, no operative deaths or permanent strokes occurred in this small series. Each patient has remained asymptomatic throughout a maximum follow-up period of 6 years post-operatively. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:312-8.)
Acetaldehyde in star-forming regions

Abstract Observations of acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO) in a survey of nine star-forming regions are presented. Emission is clearly detected from both the A and E symmetry states in the 4 04 –3 03 and 5 05 –4 04 transitions. Both the range of the measured CH 3 CHO column densities (∼4×10 12 –10 14 cm −2 ), and the derived fractional abundances, are in good agreement with other studies. The origin of interstellar CH 3 CHO and its structural isomers is discussed in the light of this work and previous observations. It is concluded that specific grain-surface chemistries are responsible for the production of the C 2 H 4 O compounds and other related organic molecules. Possible observational tests to distinguish between different surface pathways are suggested.
Neutrino cross section measurements at MiniBooNE

MiniBooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment) is accumulating a large sample of O ( 1 GeV ) ν μ interactions in the neutrino beam produced by the 8 GeV Booster synchrotron at Fermilab. Analyses of ν μ charged current quasielastic scattering and neutral current π 0 production, as well as neutral current elastic scattering and charged current π + production are in progress.
Inhibition of tumor growth in vitro by the extract of fagopyrum cymosum (fago-c)

Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn has long been used in China to treat various ailments of the lung, including lung tumors. This study investigated whether Fagopyrum cymosum extract (Fago-c) has effects on other organs. Human cancer cells derived from 10 different organs were employed, and their growths as affected by Fago-c were investigated. It was found that the growth of cancer cells from lung, liver, colon, leukocytes and bone is inhibited by Fago-c. However, cancer cells derived from prostate, cervix, ovary and brain are not sensitive to Fago-c, and the extract stimulates the growth of cancer cells from breast (MCF-7). Synergistic inhibition effect of Fago-c and daunomycin was observed in human lung cancer cells (H460). Cellular proteins from H460 cells treated with Fago-c were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. A protein (M.W./pI = 20K/5.9) was induced. The Fago-c extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Four major and twenty minor components were identified. These studies indicate that the effect of Fago-c in inhibiting the growth of cell lines derived from certain organs.
Syntheses, characterization, and Mossbauer study of Sn(II and Sn(IV) complexes of the cyclopentadienedithiocarboxylate ligand

The preparation and physical characterization of the tetraethylammonium salts of bis(cyclopentadienedithiocarboxylate)stannate(II) and tris(cyclopentadienedithiocarboxylate)stannate(IV) are reported. The coupling constants for the ring protons of the coordinated and uncoordinated ligand indicate that the oxidation state variation of the metal has little effect on the electronic structure of the ligand. The Mossbauer parameters for the Sn(IV) complex (δ = 1.05 ± 0.02 mm/sec with respect to SnO2, Line width = 1.05 mm/sec) are normal for a pseudo-octahedral complex. The values for the Sn(II) complex are somewhat abnormal for a Sn(II) complex (δ = 0.29 mm/sec, Line width = 1.65 mm/sec) and are interpreted as indicative of metalmetal bonding in the molecular structure.
An ultrastructural analysis of human post-infectious (allergic) encephalomyelitis.

A 6-year-old boy developed post-infectious encephalomyelitis and underwent a brain biopsy (10 days after the onset of neurologic symptoms). Electron microscopic analysis of brain showed demyelinated axons, thinly myelinated axons, aberrant remyelination, and numerous phagocytes containing myelin debris. Physical stripping of myeling by pseudopodial extensions of macrophages, as reported in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, was noted. Hypertrophic and hyperplastic astrocytes were prominent among the phagocytic cells and played an unexpectedly active role in demyelination.
The extended finite element method for rigid particles in Stokes flow

A new method for the simulation of particulate flows, based on the extended finite element method (X-FEM), is described. In this method, the particle surfaces need not conform to the finite element boundaries, so that moving particles can be simulated without remeshing. The near field form of the fluid flow about each particle is built into the finite element basis using a partition of unity enrichment, allowing the simple enforcement of boundary conditions and improved accuracy over other methods on a coarse mesh. We present a weak form of the equations of motion useful for the simulation of freely moving particles, and solve example problems for particles with prescribed and unknown velocities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Components of the Legionella pneumophila Flagellar Regulon Contribute to Multiple Virulence Traits, Including Lysosome Avoidance and Macrophage Death

Legionella pneumophila is a motile intracellular pathogen of macrophages and amoebae. When nutrients become scarce, the bacterium induces expression of transmission traits, some of which are dependent on the flagellar sigma factor FliA (σ28). To test how particular components of the L. pneumophila flagellar regulon contribute to virulence, we compared a fliA mutant with strains whose flagellar construction is disrupted at various stages. We find that L. pneumophila requires FliA to avoid lysosomal degradation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), to regulate production of a melanin-like pigment, and to regulate binding to the dye crystal violet, whereas motility, flagellar secretion, and external flagella or flagellin are dispensable for these activities. Thus, in addition to flagellar genes, the FliA sigma factor regulates an effector(s) or regulator(s) that contributes to other transmissive traits, notably inhibition of phagosome maturation. Whether or not the microbes produced flagellin, all nonmotile L. pneumophila mutants bound BMM less efficiently than the wild type, resulting in poor infectivity and a loss of contact-dependent death of BMM. Therefore, bacterial motility increases contact with host cells during infection, but flagellin is not an adhesin. When BMM contact by each nonmotile strain was promoted by centrifugation, all the mutants bound BMM similarly, but only those microbes that synthesized flagellin induced BMM death. Thus, the flagellar regulon equips the aquatic pathogen L. pneumophila to coordinate motility with multiple traits vital to virulence.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS, LYSOZYME, and CERTAIN ELECTROLYTES IN BREAST MILK DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF LACTATION, DURING A 24‐HOUR PERIOD, and IN MILK FROM THE INDIVIDUAL MAMMARY GLAND

: Peitersen, B., Bohn, L., and Andersen, H. (The Children's Hospital, Fuglebakken and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and certain electrolytes in breast milk during the entire period of lactation, for a 24-hour period, and in milk from the individual mammary gland. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:709, 1975.–During a period commencing at birth and lasting for up to 27 months 193 milk samples have been collected from 29 mothers. The IgA globulin content was high immediately after birth, averaging 2.7 arb.U, decreasing to 0.3 arb.U within the first 2 to 3 weeks after birth, then remaining almost constant for the rest of the lactational period. In the case of IgG globulin, similar results were obtained, but the quantity was much smaller. IgM globulin was demonstrated in small quantities during the first 3 weeks of lactation. The lysozyme content varied considerably during the whole lactational period. Individual variations were found for all the immunoglobulins, while the concentration in the individual woman varied only slightly from day to day following in other respects the pattern described above. In 19 mothers IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and electrolyte content were determined in serum and in milk from the right and the left breast on the same day. No difference in content was found between milk from the left and the right mammary gland. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of IgA and sodium chloride in milk, between those of IgG in milk and serum, and between those of lysozyme in milk and serum. No variations were registered during the individual breast feeding, nor for the 24-hour period as a whole.
Sexuality and addictions: Narrations for links and meanings

Summary After a brief overview from beginning of the century to this day of the evolution of collective narrations on sexuality and its connection with the dysfunctions that these narrations foster, we show in a selection of clinical cases obtained from medical consultations of addicts, that sexuality, instead of being an area of freedom as it should be, is in some cases an area of very strong social constraints. These constraints could promote the onset of certain types of symptom, and addictive behaviours in particular would appear to play a role in relieving, or even in some cases avoiding altogether this constraining dimension inherent to sexuality.
Conservative management of live tubal pregnancies by ultrasound guided potassium chloride injection and systemic methotrexate treatment

Unruptured live tubal ectopic pregnancies are often managed surgically. Significantly elevated beta-hCG levels in these patients make treatment with methotrexate ineffective. However, achieving cardiac asystole via sonographically guided injection of potassium chloride (KCl) along with systemic methotrexate can improve treatment outcome. We describe the successful conservative management of 3 cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy with cardiac activity and significantly elevated beta-hCG levels. Under sonographic guidance, KCl was injected into the fetal heart to achieve cardiac asystole, and patients concurrently received a systemic methotrexate injection. The resolution of ectopic pregnancy was achieved and surgery was avoided in all 3 cases. Conservative management may thus be an option for patients with live ectopic pregnancies.
Methods for thermal protection of medium voltage induction motors — A review

State-of-the-art overload relays for medium voltage induction motors utilize a simple thermal model and embedded temperature sensors for the thermal protection. However, this model is too conservative and not robust to changes in the motorpsilas cooling capability. This paper reviews thermal model-based approaches and parameter-based approaches to estimate the motor temperature. Each of these general approaches will be described along with their relative advantages and disadvantages. Since most of the methods in the literature are applied to small to medium size motors, this paper discusses their applicability to medium voltage motors, as well as issues that must be addressed in order to apply them to the medium voltage induction motors.
Ventricular volume, chamber stiffness, and function after anteroapical aneurysm plication in the sheep.

Abstract Objective: The success of left ventricular aneurysm plication depends on how the procedure affects both end-systolic elastance and diastolic compliance and how those changes affect ventricular function (stroke work/end-diastolic volume [PRSW] and stroke volume/end-diastolic pressure [Starling] relationships). Methods: Five male Dorsett sheep were surgically instrumented with coronary artery snares, an inferior vena caval occluder, and an ascending aortic ultrasonic flow probe. One week later an anteroapical myocardial infarction was produced by tightening the coronary snares. Ten weeks after myocardial infarction, the left ventricular aneurysm was plicated. Absolute left ventricular volume was measured by long-axis transdiaphragmatic echocardiography, and relative changes in left ventricular volume were measured with a conductance catheter. End-systolic elastance, diastolic compliance, PRSW, and Starling relationships were measured immediately before myocardial infarction, 10 weeks after myocardial infarction (immediately before plication), and immediately after and 6 weeks after aneurysm plication. Results: After plication, end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes return to preinfarction values. The slopes of end-systolic elastance, diastolic compliance, and PRSW decrease 10 weeks after myocardial infarction, increase with aneurysm plication, and then decrease 6 weeks after aneurysm plication. The Starling relationship undergoes a downward parallel shift with aneurysm plication. Conclusion: Aneurysm plication abruptly decreases left ventricular volume and diastolic compliance, increases end-systolic elastance and PRSW, but decreases the Starling relationship. The net effect on left ventricular function is mixed. Furthermore, left ventricular remodeling 6 weeks after aneurysm plication causes left ventricular volume, end-systolic elastance, diastolic compliance, PRSW, and the Starling relationship to return to preplication values. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:115-24)