cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Managerial Career Success: Evidence and Explanation of Male/Female Differences:

This study of 292 mid-career managers tested for differential effects of four categories of career success determinants across the sexes. Human capital variables were hypothesized to have stronger effects on men’s objective and subjective components of success than on womens’. The findings provided support in the cases of work experience and company tenure. In contrast, gender roles were hypothesized and found to have stronger effects on both components of success for women. For supportive relationships including mentors and peer networks, the effects were hypothesized and found to be stronger for men on the objective component and the same for men and women on the subjective component. Lastly, family status variables were hypothesized to affect the objective component of success in opposite directions for men and women, and the subjective component similarly. The fndings showed no’differential effect of family status on either component.
Resource Opportunities from the Nest of Dying Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Colonies: A Laboratory Case of Ecological Succession

Subterranean termites such as Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki inhabit underground nests consisting of a complex network of galleries resulting in a highly modified environment relative to the surrounding soils. A healthy colony can maintain homeostatic conditions within the nest, limiting opportunities for pathogens, parasites, and predators to exploit the termite colony as a resource. However, a stressed or senescent colony can display a lack of nest maintenance, leading to the colonization of the nest as an opportunistic niche by other organisms. In this study, we described the nest colonization by microbes and arthropods during the collapse of three dying C. formosanus laboratory colonies. The carton nest and the tunnel lining that are mostly made out of termite fecal material were invaded by a variety of fungi, and Acari and Collembolan populations quickly increased during the senescence phase of the termite colony, presumably scavenging on the fungal material. Finally, the carton colonized by fungal mycelia hosted numerous larvae of a sciarid fly, Bradysia sp. (Diptera). This fungus gnat used the decomposing carton material as a breeding site, and numerous adults of this fly were found hovering above the dying termite colony. Bradysia larvae also showed infestation by parasitic nematodes, suggesting the presence of multiple trophic levels in the resource utilization of the nest of a declining termite colony. We concluded that a dying subterranean colony represents a resource opportunity for scavenging organisms and that the nest structure represents an opening niche that initiates an ecological succession.
The Importance of an Ethics Curriculum in Surgical Education

The nature of surgical work provides fertile ground in which ethical problems can grow. The concept of what it means to be a "good surgeon" includes the ability to reason and deliberate about how the surgeon's unique technical capabilities integrate with larger society. Ethics education at the resident level is important for several reasons. It can ensure that care is delivered in a socially and ethically responsible manner through global and emergent effects on institutions and traditions. It will prepare residents for leadership positions. It can allow residents to confront issues, such as the scientific underdetermination of surgical practice, the application of new technologies to trusting patients that have been developed by for-profit companies, and a surgical environment that is becoming increasingly institutionalized. Resident ethics education provides the opportunity for a model of collective deliberation to be developed that can be used to make sense of ethical problems as they arise.
Mechanisms for Degradation of TR-XLPE Impulse Strength during Service Aging

While the retained ac strength of TR-XLPE distribution cable appears to be quite good at about 80% of the ac strength of degassed, as-manufactured cable, the impulse strength appears to drop linearly over time and has been reported to drop by as much as 50% during the first two years of normal service aging before leveling off. In this contribution, we discuss the mechanisms by which the impulse strength can degrade to a greater degree than the ac strength. Three frequency-dependent mechanisms have been identified, which include electro-thermal, electro-mechanical, and electrical.
THE RELATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ß-RAYS OF DIFFERENT VELOCITIES

1. The physiological effect upon the eggs of Nereis of homogeneous groups of β-rays of different velocities is proportional to their ability to ionize air. 2. β-rays of low velocity produce a greater amount of physiological change than the same number of rays of high velocity. 3. These conclusions are consistent with, but do not prove, the view that the physiological effects of radiations from radium and x-rays are due to the production by them of an ionization of some substance in the egg.
Corporate Annual Reports

Every employee should regularly read his company’s annual reports, and other similar publications when possible. They are mailed to all stockholders, so purchasing at least a few shares of company stock will automatically have them delivered to you. A review of competitors’ reports can also often be quite informative, but probably less so than technical journals until one reaches the middle-to-upper management ranks. These reports discuss what management feels is important about the business, and can give the working engineer some idea of how his work fits into the total operation. Often new directions that the company is interested in pursuing are outlined, as well as general objectives and statements concerning the company’s financial health. A knowledge of these factors can usually be of general value in performing one’s work, and certainly makes the engineer more responsive to the company needs. It also may occasionally open the door to otherwise unknown opportunities within the company or give a hint when one should start looking for another job.
Comparing different thrombolytic dosing regimens for treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.

Background Optimal dosing of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is important in treating pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Methods Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a 50 mg/2 h rt-PA regimen with a 100 mg/2 h rt-PA regimen in patients with acute PTE. Design A prospective, randomized, open label trial. Setting A multicenter trial in China. Subjects 118 patients with acute PTE and either hemodynamic instability or massive pulmonary artery obstruction. Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive a treatment regimen of either rt-PA at 50 mg/2 h (n = 65) or 100 mg/2 h (n = 53). Outcomes The efficacy was determined by observing the improvements of right ventricular dysfunctions (RVDs) on echocardiograms, lung perfusion defects on ventilation perfusion lung scans, and pulmonary artery obstructions on CT angiograms. The adverse events, including death, bleeding, and PTE recurrence, was also evaluated. Results Progressive improvements in RVDs, lung perfusion defects, and pulmonary artery obstructions were found to be similar in both treatment groups. This is true for patients with either hemodynamic instability or massive pulmonary artery obstruction. Three (6%) patients in the rt-PA 100 mg/2 h group and one (2%) in the rt-PA 50 mg/2 h group died as the result of either PTE or bleeding. Importantly, the 50 mg/2 h rt-PA regimen resulted in less bleeding tendency than the 100 mg/2 h regimen (3% vs. 10%), especially in patients with a body weight, 65 kg (14.8% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.049). No fatal recurrent PTE was found in either group. Conclusions Compared with the 100 mg/2 h regimen, the 50 mg/2 h rt-PA regimen exhibits similar efficacy and perhaps better safety in patients with acute PTE. These findings support the notion that optimizing rt-PA dosing is worthwhile when treating patients with PTE.
Fetal internal iliac artery: Case report and embryologic review

A 25-year-old woman with anomalous circulation to the right leg was seen with a symptomatic aneurysm of the abnormal vessel. The artery, which did share some features of the classic persistent sciatic artery, also had important differences that were not previously described in the literature. The patient manifested several associated vascular and nonvascular congenital anomalies. She underwent resection of the aneurysm and primary operative repair of the artery without difficulty. An embryologic interpretation is offered, and the clinical implications and management strategy are discussed.
Transcendental Method for Research with Human Subjects: A Transformative Phenomenology for the Human Sciences

This article provides an overview of a qualitative research method called transcendental method for research with human subjects. The method employs a transformative phenomenological approach and was developed using the philosophy of Bernard Lonergan. Reflective use of this method suggests that it has both investigational and interventional qualities, with transformative potential for both researcher and study participants.
How U.S. Children and Adolescents Spend Time: What It Does (and Doesn't) Tell Us About Their Development

Young people develop as “the sum of past experiences,” and data on their time use are one means of quantifying those experiences. U.S. children and adolescents spend dramatically less time than in the agrarian past in household and income-generating labor. Because such labor is usually repetitive and unchallenging, this reduction has probably not deprived youths of crucial developmental experience. The schoolwork replacing this time has a clearer relationship to developmental outcomes. American teens, however, spend less time on schoolwork than teens in other industrialized countries. American teenagers have more discretionary time, much spent watching television or interacting with friends; spending large amounts of time in these activities is related to negative developmental outcomes. Increasing amounts of young people's discretionary time, however, appear to be spent in structured voluntary activities, like arts, sports, and organizations, which may foster initiative, identity, and other positive deve...
Classification of radiology reports for falls in an HIV study cohort

Objective To identify patients in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) study cohort who have fallen by applying supervised machine learning methods to radiology reports of the cohort. Methods We used the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort (VACS-VC), an electronic health record-based cohort of 146 530 veterans for whom radiology reports were available ( N =2 977 739). We created a reference standard of radiology reports, represented each report by a feature set of words and Unified Medical Language System concepts, and then developed several support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for falls. We compared mutual information (MI) ranking and embedded feature selection approaches. The SVM classifier with MI feature selection was chosen to classify all radiology reports in VACS-VC. Results Our SVM classifier with MI feature selection achieved an area under the curve score of 97.04 on the test set. When applied to all the radiology reports in VACS-VC, 80 416 of these reports were classified as positive for a fall. Of these, 11 484 were associated with a fall-related external cause of injury code (E-code) and 68 932 were not, corresponding to 29 280 patients with potential fall-related injuries who could not have been found using E-codes. Discussion Feature selection was crucial to improving the classifier’s performance. Feature selection with MI allowed us to select the number of discriminative features to use for classification, in contrast to the embedded feature selection method, in which the number of features is chosen automatically. Conclusion Machine learning is an effective method of identifying patients who have suffered a fall. The development of this classifier supplements the clinical researcher’s toolkit and reduces dependence on under-coded structured electronic health record data.
The Human Endometrium

The endometrium is an ideal tissue for study of the interrelated effects of ovarian hormones, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Advances in the biochemistry and physiology of the uterus have stimulated reinterpretation of the cyclic morphological changes in the endometrium. Concomitantly, ultrastructural studies have bridged the gap between the large body of cytochemical information and the conventional histological studies of endometrial development and disease.
Complex Litigation: To (B)(2) or Not to (B)(2)?

This paper is a commentary and analysis of the district court class certification in Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., (N.D. Cal. 2004). The class consists of approximately 1.5 million women employees at 3,400 Wal-Mart stores during the past five years, and is pursued as a Title VII employment discrimination class. The court’s class certification decision focused on the plaintiffs’ allegations of a corporate culture of gender stereotyping that fostered workplace discrimination. The district court certified a Rule 23(b)(2) injunctive relief and punitive damage class, with notice and opt-out rights. The class certification raised issues of the appropriateness of certifying a Rule (b)(2) class certification, and whether class claimants can recover damages in such a class. The article discusses conflicting circuit court decisions concerning certification of Rule 23(b)(2) classes, including the Fifth Circuit’s decision in Allison v. Citgo, 151 F.3d 402 (1998), repudiating the ability of a class to recover damages in a Title VII Rule 23(b)(2) action. On the other hand, other circuits including the Second, Seventh, and Ninth Circuits, have repudiated the Fifth Circuit’s approach in Allison. The Dukes class certification, following Ninth Circuit precedent in Molski v. Gleich, heightens this confusion concerning the appropriate use of the Rule 23(b)(2) class category.
Impact for molecular biology in cardiology.

The recent development and application of the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology ignited an explosion in biomedical research, which has been embraced by medicine. However, cardiolo...
Pharmacology of nicotinic receptors in preBötzinger complex that mediate modulation of respiratory pattern.

Nicotine regulates respiratory pattern by modulating excitatory neurotransmission affecting inspiratory neurons within the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC). The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh...
IHT: Tools for Computing Insolation Absorption by Particle Laden Flows

This report describes IHT, a toolkit for computing radiative heat exchange between particles. Well suited for insolation absorption computations, it is also has potential applications in combustion (sooting flames), biomass gasification processes and similar processes. The algorithm is based on the 'Photon Monte Carlo' approach and implemented in a library that can be interfaced with a variety of computational fluid dynamics codes to analyze radiative heat transfer in particle-laden flows. The emphasis in this report is on the data structures and organization of IHT for developers seeking to use the IHT toolkit to add Photon Monte Carlo capabilities to their own codes.
Interactive, Direct-Entry Approaches to Event Files: British Contentious Gatherings

As recently as a decade ago, an authoritative introduction to computing for historians recommended an approach which essentially employed the computer as a rigid, if very large, tabulator. Edward Shorter’s The Historian and the Computer (1971) described how to reduce complex information to simple fixed-choice codes, transfer the coded data to punched cards, read the cards into fixed-format package programs, and prepare large tabulations or statistical analyses from the data. Shorter’s advice made sense: it encouraged historians who knew little about computers or quantification to move ahead, and enabled them to produce useful results without becoming programmers. During the 1970s, however, three important changes in computing made the sturdy old procedures obsolete. The first change was the increasing availability of flexible, inexpensive microprocessors—small machines with memories as big as many large computers of the 1960s, which would operate by themselves or in conjunction with powerful central computers, which came with a great variety of prepared programs, and which would serve for the entry, transmission, storage, editing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of many different sorts of information, including ordinary words. The second change was the improvement of interactive computing, in which a relatively inexperienced analyst could carry on a prompted “conversation” with a sophisticated machine while searching or analyzing a complex machinereadable file. The third was the development of data base management systems which, from the user’s point of view, greatly simplified the storage and manipulation of large bodies of machine-readable evidence.
A 0.95-mW 6-b 700-MS/s Single-Channel Loop-Unrolled SAR ADC in 40-nm CMOS

This brief presents a low-power and high-speed single-channel successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It uses a loop-unrolled architecture with multiple comparators. Each comparator is used not only to make a comparison but also to store its output and generate an asynchronous clock to trigger the next comparator. The SAR logic is significantly simplified to increase speed and reduce power. The comparator offset and decision time are optimized with a bidirectional single-side switching technique by controlling the input common-mode voltage $V_\mathrm{cm}$ . To remove the nonlinearity due to the comparators' offset mismatch, a simple and effective $V_\mathrm{cm}$ - adaptive offset calibration technique is proposed. The prototype ADC in 40-nm CMOS achieves a 35-dB signal to noise-plus-distortion ratio and a 48-dB spurious-free dynamic range at a 700-MS/s sampling rate. It consumes 0.95 mW, leading to a Walden figure-of-merit (FOM) of 30 fJ/conversion-step and a Schreier FOM of 153.4 dB.
Nonsurgical repair of perforation defects. Internal matrix concept

The internal matrix concept of perforation repair offers distinct advantages over classic techniques. The biocompatible matrix allows control of the repair material. The technique sensitivity involved with placement of the repair material is reduced and contamination of the restorative material with hemorrhage is prevented. In accessible locations perforations can be repaired predictably and, by comparison, the prognosis is improved greatly. Fewer surgeries or surgical alterations of teeth will be necessary, thus reducing the cost of treatment. A higher percentage of existing crowns can be salvaged if surgical alteration of the tooth is prevented. Microsurgical techniques currently are being developed and researched that may allow nonsurgical repair of inaccessible perforations. The scope of endodontic therapy, therefore, will be expanded.
Integrated Advertising: Changing Times, Changing Perspectives

The findings from this research suggest that marketers rethink their conceptions of how blacks and whites perceive and interpret integrated advertising. The use of an ethonomethodological approach to questionnaire construction provides support for the hypothesis that black and white consumers employ significantly different dimensions in evaluating integrated advertisements.
Using Retrospective Databases to Study Adherence

Retrospective analyses of claims databases are one of the most common tools to study real-world adherence patterns. These analyses are frequently used to determine adherence rates within specific populations [1, 2], compare adherence across multiple diseases or medications [3], or investigate how adherence changes over time [4, 5]. Investigating changes over time can include patient-level analyses showing trends in how many patients are still adherent or persistent at a certain number of months after initiating treatment [4]. A very different example of tracking adherence over time would use calendar time rather than time from each individual patient’s initiation of treatment, such as for assessing the impact of a policy change on adherence. For example, a policymaker may want to know if a reduction in co-payments for a medication led to improved adherence [5].
Preservation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation prevents diastolic dysfunction in mice subjected to angiotensin II infusion.

Abstract Rationale Diastolic dysfunction is a common feature in many heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction and has been associated with altered myocardial metabolism in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Therefore, metabolic interventions to improve diastolic function are warranted. In mice with a germline cardiac-specific deletion of acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), systolic dysfunction induced by pressure-overload was prevented by maintaining cardiac fatty acid oxidation (FAO). However, it has not been evaluated whether this strategy would prevent the development of diastolic dysfunction in the adult heart. Objective To test the hypothesis that augmenting cardiac FAO is protective against angiotensin II (AngII)-induced diastolic dysfunction in an adult mouse heart. Methods and results We generated a mouse model to induce cardiac-specific deletion of ACC2 in adult mice. Tamoxifen treatment (20 mg/kg/day for 5 days) was sufficient to delete ACC2 protein and increase cardiac FAO by 50% in ACC2 flox/flox-MerCreMer+ mice (iKO). After 4 weeks of AngII (1.1 mg/kg/day), delivered by osmotic mini-pumps, iKO mice showed normalized E/E′ and E′/A′ ratios compared to AngII treated controls (CON). The prevention of diastolic dysfunction in iKO-AngII was accompanied by maintained FAO and reduced glycolysis and anaplerosis. Furthermore, iKO-AngII hearts had a ~ 50% attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to CON. In addition, maintenance of FAO in iKO hearts suppressed AngII-associated increases in oxidative stress and sustained mitochondrial respiratory complex activities. Conclusion These data demonstrate that impaired FAO is a contributor to the development of diastolic dysfunction induced by AngII. Maintenance of FAO in this model leads to an attenuation of hypertrophy, reduces fibrosis, suppresses increases in oxidative stress, and maintains mitochondrial function. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial FAO is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diastolic dysfunction.
Condom Use Efficacy and Sexual Communication Skills Among African American College Women

Despite condom use being the most protective measure against the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), little is known about the intermediary relationships between condom negotiation, assertive sexual communication, and condom use efficacy. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between these constructs within the context of an HIV prevention intervention. We examined two samples of African American college women participating in two HIV prevention interventions, one of which was based on social learning theory ( N = 214). Data collected at intervention posttest and 3-month follow-up were analyzed. Findings revealed that condom use efficacy at posttest fully mediated the relationship between intervention effect and assertive sexual communication at 3-month follow-up. In addition, condom use efficacy at posttest fully mediated the relationship between intervention effect and condom negotiation at 3-month follow-up. Implications of the importance of experiential learning, in combination with behavior observance, on the maintenance of condom protective behaviors are discussed. Findings have the potential to inform clinic and community-based HIV prevention interventions conducted among African American women.
Enhancements of Raman oscillation and amplification and frequency upconversion by phonon-polariton resonances

Phonon-polariton resonances are manifestation of the strong interaction between an electromagnetic wave interacts and transverse-optical phonons in a crystalline solid. Such resonances result in great enhancements of ionic second-order nonlinearities [1]. For LiNbO 3 , dominant element of the ionic second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor coefficients d 33 at 7.5 THz is a factor of about 50 larger than its electronic nonlinearity. Semiconductor materials such as GaAs, GaP, and GaN all exhibit these huge enhancements of the ionic second-order nonlinear coefficients by their polariton resonances. Obviously, one can exploit these huge nonlinear coefficients for greatly enhancing efficiencies of nonlinear parametric processes. The drawback, though, is extremely large absorption being companied with the huge nonlinearities within these strong resonances. Although sum-frequency generation [2], second-harmonic generation [3,4], and generation of THz [5,6], far-IR [7] and mid-IR [8] were investigated near the polariton resonances, the extremely low conversion efficiencies due to extremely large absorption and phase mismatch [2,7] made these nonlinear effects have no practical value.
To Know How to Count

Near the end of my very first research project, with the new contribution finished and an example calculation desired, I needed only to determine a minor characteristic of the vibrational modes of a slab — the density of states of modes of mixed longitudinal and transverse character through reflection from a free surface. My intuition failed me at this point, and I went to seek guidance from Walter. He listened patiently to my concerns, and looked politely at a couple of pages of notes I had prepared and a few pages from a book I showed him. My point was that there were conflicting results in the literature, and I did not know which one was right. Walter thought briefly. Then he said, with deliberate care — both respectful and firm — “I am not going to help you with this. I think you can solve this yourself.” He then continued by telling me of a statement that an eminent physicist of an earlier generation had made (I forget who — it does not matter to me, for Walter is my source): “The single most important ability for a theoretical physicist ...is to know how to count.” In typical style he then restated that the important aspect was not doing the counting itself, but having the ability to count.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Role of Policy Interventions

Health outcomes in cardiovascular disease in the USA have generally been improving over the past several decades. Those gains have been related to both developments in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. To further enhance improvement in health outcomes, including cardiovascular outcomes, health policies have been implemented to incentivize prevention. These policies have strong conceptual appeal and have been associated with improvements in some health metrics. However, robust research methods, accounting for bias and statistical confounding, are critical to confirm that these policies are associated with prevention of cardiovascular events for patients over time.
A model for the decrease in amplitude of carbon isotope excursions across the Phanerozoic

The geological cycling of carbon ties together the ocean-atmosphere carbon pool, Earth9s biosphere, and Earth9s sedimentary reservoirs. Perturbations to this coupled system are recorded in the carbon-isotopic (δ13C) composition of marine carbonates. Large amplitude δ13C excursions are typically treated as individual events and interpreted accordingly. However, a recent compilation of Phanerozoic carbon isotopic data reveals that δ13C excursions are a ubiquitous feature of the geologic record, and thus should be considered in concert. Analysis indicates that Phanerozoic carbon isotope excursions, as a whole, have characteristic durations of 0.5 to 10 M.yr. and exhibit declining amplitude over time. These commonalities suggest a shared underlying control. Here we demonstrate that sinusoidal modulation of the sensitivity of organic carbon and phosphate burial in a simple numerical model of the geologic carbon cycle results in large, asymmetric δ13C oscillations that exhibit their largest amplitudes in the 0.5 to 10 M.yr. period range. As anoxia is known to strongly modulate the C:P burial ratio of organic matter in sediments, we propose that sea-level oscillations were the primary source of sinusoidal modulation for the geologic carbon cycle, and that their degree of influence on the carbon cycle was determined by the state of oxygenation of bottom waters overlying the continental shelves. When oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) were large, shallow, and prone to expansion, sea-level changes would have had the capacity to drive large changes in the areal extent of OMZs in contact with the sea-floor, resulting in strong leverage on the burial sensitivity of organic carbon and phosphate, and thus on δ13C. Progressive oxygenation of the oceans, which was facilitated by biological innovations, resulted in a decline in the amplitude of δ13C excursions over the Phanerozoic, and the biogeochemical stabilization of the Earth System.
Follow the Money: How Trends in Financing Are Changing Governance at International Organizations

This article considers how trends in financing are changing governance at intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Over the course of the twentieth century IGO funding rules changed in two important ways. First, they were altered to allow states greater control over the financial contributions they provide, allowing states to ‘earmark’ contributions. Second, funding rules made private actors eligible contributors, providing an important entry point for private actor influence. I focus on three primary effects of these changes on IGO governance: (1) how the increased reliance on earmarked contributions undermines traditional conceptions of multilateral governance; (2) how private actors are empowered by their ability to earmark resources as they emerge as major funders; and (3) on the surge in ‘minilateral’ governance associated with the rise of pooled funding mechanisms. I draw on delegation theory to illustrate these changes conceptually and provide examples from a wide variety of institutions within and outside the UN system. I conclude by outlining fruitful avenues for research on financing IGOs.
Validation of Ultrasound Guidance Targeting Tasks: Relationship of Performance and Clinical Experience.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether health care provider performance on a novel task trainer and a set of newly created ultrasound guidance targeting tasks relates with their level of clinical experience. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, two assessment sessions were carried out in which inexperienced (n=21 and n=15) and experienced (n=14 and n=10) health care providers completed five previously described ultrasound guidance targeting tasks. Raw completion time, number of targeting errors, and error-adjusted completion time for each task were compared between groups with a t test for independent measures. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to estimate whether error-adjusted completion time or number of errors could accurately differentiate between groups. RESULTS Raw completion time was similar between groups. The number of errors and error-adjusted completion time were significantly lower in the experienced health care providers in all but the out-of-plane dowel task. The receiver operating characteristic analyses of number of errors demonstrated very high areas under the curve (0.93-0.98), sensitivities (100%), specificities (76-86%), positive likelihood ratios (4.2-7.0), and negative likelihood ratios (<0.001) indicating excellent differentiation between experienced and inexperienced health care providers. These values were notably lower in the receiver operating characteristic analyses of error-adjusted completion times. CONCLUSION Task performance related well with a health care provider's level of clinical experience providing evidence of construct validity. For each task, we were able to determine a cutoff for number of errors that categorized experienced and inexperienced health care providers with very favorable sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, and negative likelihood ratios. Our findings suggest it may be possible to use these cutoffs to objectively classify trainees as competent or not competent.
Genetics: An integrated genetic analysis of disease.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of quantitative traits that incorporated data from GWAS of complex diseases provides clues regarding the relationships between genetic loci, intermediate phenotypes and diseases. Together, the data demonstrate pleiotropy, genetic correlation and cell-type specificity of quantitative traits as predictors of multiple complex diseases.
Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure

Respiratory failure can be the result of impairment in the central control of respiration, neuromuscular disorders or due to intrinsic lung problems. In the neuromuscular causes of respiratory failure, several factors like upper airway problems, inspiratory/expiratory muscle weakness, low tidal volumes, etc. can be contributory. Features like rapid shallow breathing, use of accessory muscles of respiration, cough after swallowing, and paradoxical breathing point towards the possibility of impending respiratory failure. For physicians treating neuromuscular disorders, identification of early signs of impending respiratory failure is crucial for better patient outcomes. In this chapter, we review the physiology and pathology of respiration in the setting of neuromuscular disorders along with objective assessment of respiratory failure.
Determination of Macromolecular Structure and Dynamics by NMR

The possibility of defining solution structures of proteins and nucleic acids from NMR data has been advanced for many years [1, 2, 3]. In several cases, partial successes have been achieved [4, 5, 6]. However, a closer examination of the lines of argument used in the interpretation of NMR data forces one to conclude that they have not led to the development of an independent, generally applicable method for this purpose. The most successful examples (5, 6) have relied heavily on prior knowledge of the crystal structure — or of very similar crystal structures — and/or on a priori additional constraints, such as the assumption that a single rigid structure exists in solution which can be calculated from the data by minimizing either an error function or the energy of the structure. The danger of such procedures has been discussed elsewhere [8, 9, 10].
The End of the Dream: How Grand Theft Auto V Simulates and Subverts Its Male Player-Character Dynamics

When the video game Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V) was released in September 2013, its creators promised a singular portrait of the death of the American Dream. The game is also accompanied by playable male protagonists that are broken in some fundamental way. This chapter explores how the player-controlled characters of the game are oppressed by the game systems and narrative thrusts, thereby subverting the male-player-character agency and power relationship dynamic. In forcing the player to navigate these limitations, GTA V illustrates the continued and weakened dichotomies of gender at play within the gaming text and subverts its narrative to provide a subverted view of traditional gaming gender characterization.
Minimizing Urban Floodplain Management Regrets under Deeply Uncertain Climate Change

AbstractOptimization modeling can reveal promising multiperiod schedules for adapting to deeply uncertain changes in flooding. We contribute a parsimonious optimization model (mixed integer program...
Abstract WP383: Disseminating Acute Stroke Feedback to Emergency Care Providers

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) clinicians find that feedback on acute stroke patients is rewarding, valuable to professional development, and critical to practice improvement. However, fee...
Alliance A091104: A phase II trial of MK-2206 in patients (pts) with progressive, recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma.

6039 Background: Recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, incurable disease with no standard treatments. MYB is an oncogenic driver in ACC that is often overexpressed via a t(...
Synthesis of 4-[(2-imidazylethynyl)]-5-(2-pyridylethynyl)veratrole and characterization of the coordination complexes with silver(I) and palladium(II)

Abstract We describe the design, synthesis and characterization of the ligand, 4-[(2-imidazylethynyl)]-5-(2-pyridylethynyl)veratrole as well its coordination complexes with silver(I) and palladium(II). 1H NMR titration clearly indicates that 1:1 coordination complexes are formed with both cations. The X-ray structure of the palladium dichloride complex confirms the trans coordination of palladium(II) and the silver trifluoromethanesulfonate complex confirms the linear coordination geometry about silver(I). Download : Download high-res image (74KB) Download : Download full-size image
Re-Reading Idris's Kant and Quṭb through an Excursus into the Cosmopolitan Implications of Barbary Coast Corsairs

Murad Idris's War for Peace is an incredible accomplishment. By examining and deconstructing accounts of peace from Plato to Quṭb, Idris offers a sobering perspective on the many meanings, manipula...
Tahul: SIGGRAPH 2020 VR theater lobby experience

Tahul is a virtual reality explorative experience created for the SIGGRAPH VR Theater 2020 virtual lobby. This custom, tailored lobby environment serves as an entry point to the traditionally seated program. Currently, Tahul has been adapted to host the trailers and informational videos of the selected works.
Power systems for Venus surface missions: A review

Abstract Future missions to Venus will require electrical power, but providing power systems that work in the high temperature environment of the surface of Venus is difficult. Power system choices include solar power from photovoltaic arrays, batteries, radioisotope power systems, and wind. The current state of power technology for operation on the Venus surface sources is surveyed and assessed.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Covert Communication With Transmission Probability Optimization

This letter investigates covert communication in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted system. We propose a novel algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmission probability, transmit power at a transmitter, and the reflection matrix of an IRS with the goal of maximizing the achievable rate at a receiver while ensuring the covertness of the transmission. We first analyze the expected detection error probability at a warden, and then develop a technique for covert rate maximization using only one-dimensional search methods. The proposed strategy achieves near-optimal performance and its performance is superior to that of the conventional scheme with a fixed transmission probability.
Practical pharmacology for the field

The use of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for regimen construction may be useful when clinical data is lacking, but the inputs must be carefully considered for validity. Clinical experience is also useful in determining appropriate therapeutic paths when the multiple components of clinical response are considered in addition to the contribution of the drug. The balancing act of therapeutic intervention is well characterized by a review of the data available to define potential benefits and harm from the use of dexamethasone in cattle. These benefits are poorly defined in the literature in relation to regimens commonly used in practice, while the potential detriments are more clearly defined in relation to adverse reproductive effects, immunosuppression, alteration of treatment efficacy, and the relatively new potential for violative residues when used close to slaughter.
Best Practices for Conducting Clinical Trials With Indigenous Children in the United States.

We provide guidance for conducting clinical trials with Indigenous children in the United States. We drew on extant literature and our experience to describe 3 best practices for the ethical and ef...
The population genetics characteristics of a 90 locus panel of microhaplotypes

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small genomic regions with multiple SNPs (microhaplotypes, MHs) are rapidly emerging as novel forensic investigative tools to assist in individual identification, kinship analyses, ancestry inference, and deconvolution of DNA mixtures. Here, we analyzed information for 90 microhaplotype loci in 4009 individuals from 79 world populations in 6 major biogeographic regions. The study included multiplex microhaplotype sequencing (mMHseq) data analyzed for 524 individuals from 16 populations and genotype data for 3485 individuals from 63 populations curated from public repositories. Analyses of the 79 populations revealed excellent characteristics for this 90-plex MH panel for various forensic applications achieving an overall average effective number of allele values (Ae) of 4.55 (range 1.04–19.27) for individualization and mixture deconvolution. Population-specific random match probabilities ranged from a low of 10–115 to a maximum of 10–66. Mean informativeness (In) for ancestry inference was 0.355 (range 0.117–0.883). 65 novel SNPs were detected in 39 of the MHs using mMHseq. Of the 3018 different microhaplotype alleles identified, 1337 occurred at frequencies > 5% in at least one of the populations studied. The 90-plex MH panel enables effective differentiation of population groupings for major biogeographic regions as well as delineation of distinct subgroupings within regions. Open-source, web-based software is available to support validation of this technology for forensic case work analysis and to tailor MH analysis for specific geographical regions.
Evaluation of a Community-Based Harm Reduction Intervention Aimed at Adjudicated College Students.

The purpose of this study was to develop, test, and use an instrument to measure the effectiveness of a community-based, mandated drug education intervention program, Youthful Offenders Program (YO...
Review Essay, Learning Contracts Through Current Events: Lawrence Cunningham's Contracts in the Real World, Stories of Popular Contracts and Why They Matter

This is a review essay of Professor Lawrence Professor Cunningham’s book Contracts in the Real World: Stories of Popular Contracts and Why They Matter (Cambridge 2012). As implied by the title, the book discusses contract law through the lens of well-known cases and celebrities. Along the way, readers will meet intellectuals such as poet Maya Angelou and the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as celebrities known for controversy, like Paris Hilton, Donald Trump, and Charlie Sheen. Professor Cunningham also deftly analyzes some of the notable contract law issues arising from the global financial crisis and the Bernie Madoff scandal.Overall, my review concludes that Contracts in the Real World is worthwhile reading for anyone interested in gaining a more complete understanding of contract law doctrine. First year law students will find insights in the book’s inspired treatment of classic cases, and they will also learn how those classic cases can be applied to modern disputes. The book manages to be entertaining without simplifying the issues being discussed. The only aspect of debate is whether the book’s positive treatment of the state of current contract doctrine is warranted in light of recent developments in online contracting. I explore some of my thoughts on this topic within the review.
The modeling and simulation of the Tether Dynamics Explorer (TDE) tension sensor

A three-axis tension sensor for a tethered satellite system is modeled and simulated. The design uses an aluminum cross fixed at each end with a rod mounted at the center. Semiconductor strain gauge bridges mounted on the cross resolve the tether tension into three orthogonal components. The model incorporates the effects of temperature on the strain gauges. The response of the sensor to a range of temperatures and tensions is simulated, and a method of thermal compensation is proposed. >
Dissociation of electrocortical activation and behavioural arousal.

THE fact that electrocortical ‘activation’ and behavioural ‘arousal’ are often correlated has led to interchangeable use of these terms in recent years. This identity stems from the extensive research of Magoun and Lindsley1, who have put forward the unifying hypothesis that both wakefulness and low-voltage, fast electro-corticographic (EGG) activity depend on the ‘tonic’ facilitatory effect of the ascending reticular system on the cerebral cortex. Early work by Hanson2 and Hess3 had demonstrated that: (a) stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus results in behavioural arousal from sleep; (b) bilateral lesions of this region are accompanied by a chronic state of somnolence, or coma. Such effects were later duplicated by: (1) stimulation or (2) extensive destruction of the midbrain reticular formation1. In the interest of parsimony it was proposed that the posterior hypothalamus is involved in maintaining the waking state only in so far as it is a part of the ascending reticular system1. The present experiments were designed to test the following hypothesis: while the ascending reticular system mediates electrocortical ‘tone’, the posterior hypothalamic region has a functionally separable role in maintaining the waking state.
Generation and acceleration of high-charge short-electron bunches

We report experimental results on the high peak current electron beam generated at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility for wakefield applications. The facility produces bunch charges in the range 15 ‐ 100 nC by using a photocathode based RF electron gun. The energy of the beam is 14 MeV. Our measurements show that for bunches of 100 nC, the pulse length can be as short as 30 ps. A detailed systematic study of pulse length versus charge is reported, as well as comparisons with numerical simulations. Dark current beam loading in the high field RF gun is also discussed. [S1098-4402(98)00011-1]
Experience as a factor in the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine.

Abstract The effect of experience in the test procedure on the development of tolerance to morphine was studied by dividing rats into 2 major groups: the tested group and the non-tested group (those which although receiving drug injections were not tested until the final day of the experiment). The hot plate procedure was used to measure analgesia. Morphine (5 mg/kg s.c.) or saline (2 ml/kg s.c.) was given once daily, once evey 3 days, or once a week for varying periods of time. It was observed that (1) control reaction times decreased in the tested group and (2) the effect of chronically administered morphine was less in the tested group than in the non-tested group. It was concluded that experience in the test procedure can play a role in the development of tolerance to morphine. Thus, this possibility, and the consequences thereof, must be considered in studies dealing with the development of tolerance to morphine.