cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The minimum data set depression rating scale (MDSDRS) lacks reliability for identifying depression among older adults living in nursing homes

Anderson R, Buckwalter KC, Buchanan RJ, et al . Validity and reliability of the minimum data set depression rating scale (MDSDRS) for older adults in nursing homes. Age Aging 2003;32:435–8. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Q Does the MDSDRS reliably detect depression in older adults living in nursing homes? ### ![Graphic][3] Design: Prospective cohort study. ### ![Graphic][4] Setting: Three nursing homes in Iowa, USA; timeframe not specified. ### ![Graphic][5] Patients: 145 nursing home residents, aged ⩾60 years (mean age 84 years, 63% women) with complete Minimum Data Set (MDS) information. 21% were diagnosed with dementia, and 28% with depression. ### ![Graphic][6] Test: The MDSDRS was completed from the MDS. The MDSDRS scores the following 7 mood items: resident made negative statements; persistent anger and irritability; expressions of seemingly unrealistic fears; repetitive health complaints; repetitive anxious complaints; sad, pained, or worried facial expressions, and crying or tearfulness, on a scale from 0 (not exhibited in the preceding 30 days) … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAge%2Band%2BAgeing%26rft.stitle%253DAge%2BAgeing%26rft.issn%253D0002-0729%26rft.aulast%253DAnderson%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D32%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D435%26rft.epage%253D438%26rft.atitle%253DValidity%2Band%2Breliability%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMinimum%2BData%2BSet%2BDepression%2BRating%2BScale%2B%2528MDSDRS%2529%2Bfor%2Bolder%2Badults%2Bin%2Bnursing%2Bhomes%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1093%252Fageing%252F32.4.435%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12851189%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=ageing&resid=32/4/435&atom=%2Febmental%2F7%2F1%2F7.atom [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
KLF4 is a FOXO target gene that suppresses B cell proliferation

Lymphocytes circulate in a quiescent (G0) state until they encounter specific antigens. In T cells, quiescence is programed by transcription factors of the forkhead box O (FOXO) and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) families. However, the transcription factors that regulate B cell quiescence are not known. KLF4 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in B lymphocytes, and thus a likely candidate for regulating B cell homeostasis. Here, we show that RNA and protein expression of murine KLF4 decreases following B cell activation. Forced expression of KLF4 in proliferating B cell blasts causes aG 1 cell cycle arrest. This effect requires the DNA binding and transactivation domains of KLF4 and correlates with changes in the expression of known KLF target genes. We present evidence that Klf4 is a target gene for FOXO transcription factors, which also suppress B cell proliferation. To determine the effect of KLF4 loss-of-function, we generated mice with B cell-specific deletion of the Klf4 gene. These mice exhibited normal B cell development and function with no evidence of a lowered activation threshold. Collectively, our findings indicate that KLF4 has growth-suppressive properties in B cells but might be redundant with other members of the KLF family in maintaining B cell quiescence.
Drivers and deterrents of facility delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

While the most important factors associated with facility-based delivery (FBD) have been explored within individual countries in Africa, no systematic review has explored the factors associated with FBD across sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify articles published in English from 1/1995-12/2011 that reported on original research conducted entirely or in part in sub-Saharan Africa and included a primary outcome variable of FBD, delivery location, or skilled birth attendance (SBA). Out of 1,168 citations identified, 65 met inclusion criteria. 62 of 65 were cross-sectional, and 58 of 65 relied upon household survey data. Fewer than two-thirds (43) included multivariate analyses. The factors associated with facility delivery were categorized as maternal, social, antenatal-related, facility-related, and macro-level factors. Maternal factors were the most commonly studied. This may be a result of the overwhelming reliance on household survey data – where maternal sociodemographic factors are likely to be well-represented and non-maternal factors may be less consistently and accurately represented. Multivariate analysis suggests that maternal education, parity / birth order, rural / urban residence, household wealth / socioeconomic status, distance to the nearest facility, and number of antenatal care visits were the factors most consistently associated with FBD. In conclusion, FBD is a complex issue that is influenced by characteristics of the pregnant woman herself, her immediate social circle, the community in which she lives, the facility that is closest to her, and context of the country in which she lives. Research to date has been dominated by analysis of cross-sectional household survey data. More research is needed that explores regional variability, examines longitudinal trends, and studies the impact of interventions to boost rates of facility delivery in sub-Saharan Africa.
Contrast enhanced transrectal ultrasound for the detection of prostate cancer: a randomized, double-blind trial of dutasteride pretreatment.

Purpose: The identification of clinically significant disease is crucial for optimal treatment of prostate cancer. Selective detection of prostate cancer with increased microvessel density is possible with contrast enhanced ultrasound. Preliminary studies suggest that pretreatment with a 5α-reductase inhibitor may improve the efficiency of contrast enhanced ultrasound targeted biopsy. This study was designed to quantify prostate cancer detection with contrast enhanced ultrasound with or without short-term pretreatment with dutasteride.Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of oral dutasteride pretreatment, contrast enhanced ultrasound findings were graded and used to direct targeted biopsy (up to 6 cores per prostate). A blinded 12-core systematic biopsy was subsequently performed on every subject based on standard medial and lateral sampling of each sextant.Results: Of 311 subjects who underwent randomization, 272 completed participation. Positive biopsies were ...
Internal medicine core clerkships experience with core problem lists: results from a national survey of clerkship directors in internal medicine.

Background: The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) requires clinical clerkships in North American Medical Schools to define and monitor core problems and clinical conditions for medical students and adjust the clerkships to ensure that all students meet those objectives at all instructional sites. Clinical clerkships usually use medical student generated logbooks to meet these requirements. It is not clear what clinical clerkship directors are doing to meet these standards. Purpose: To determine how internal medicine clerkship directors develop problem lists, whether and how they verify student problem list entry, and how missed core problems are covered. Methods: The Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM) organization conducts an annual survey of its institutional members (one member per medical school). In 2007, 75% of North American medical schools (82 of 110) responded to the survey, which included questions on core problem lists and medical student logbooks. Results: Ninety-four p...
Identification of Small and Discriminative Gene Signatures for Chemosensitivity Prediction in Breast Cancer

Various gene signatures of chemosensitivity in breast cancer have been discovered. One previous study employed t-test to find a signature of 31 probe sets (27 genes) from a group of patients who received weekly preoperative chemotherapy. Based on this signature, a 30-probe set diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA-30) classifier of pathologic complete response (pCR) was constructed. In this study, we sought to uncover a signature that is much smaller than the 31 probe sets and yet has enhanced predictive performance. A signature of this nature could inform us what genes are essential in response prediction. Genetic algorithms (GAs) and sparse logistic regression (SLR) were employed to identify two such small signatures. The first had 13 probe sets (10 genes) selected from the 31 probe sets and was used to build a SLR predictor of pCR (SLR-13), and the second had 14 probe sets (14 genes) selected from the genes involved in Notch signaling pathway and was used to develop another SLR predictor of pCR (SLR-Notch-14). The SLR-13 and SLR-Notch-14 had a higher accuracy and a higher positive predictive value than the DLDA-30 with much lower P values, suggesting that our two signatures had their own discriminative power with high statistical significance. The SLR prediction model also suggested the dual role of gene RNUX1 in promoting residual disease (RD) or pCR in breast cancer. Our results demonstrated that the multivariable techniques such as GAs and SLR are effective in finding significant genes in chemosensitivity prediction. They have the advantage of revealing the interacting genes, which might be missed by single variable techniques such as t-test.
Mentoring and New Teacher Induction in the United States: A Review and Analysis of Current Practices

In this article, current practices were reviewed in mentoring and induction across three large states—New York, Texas, and California—and one small state, Utah. Patterns and trends are described in the United States, program results and evolving views of mentoring are discussed, gaps in the research literature are identified, and the future of mentoring is pondered.
The action of γ-aminobutyric acid on the horizontal cells of the skate retina

Abstract The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in the superfused retina of the skate. Intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells. After application of 500 μM GABA there was a depolarization of the membrane potential, a decrease in the light-evoked amplitude of the response and an increase in the duration of the waveform.
Attributes of environments supporting walking.

Abstract Purpose This study established a framework to audit environments supporting walking in neighborhoods. Design Cross-sectional analysis using a telephone survey and 200 objective environmental variables. Setting Urbanized King County, WA. Subjects 608 randomly sampled adults. Measures Walking measures constructed from survey questions; objective environmental measures taken from parcel-level databases in Geographic Information Systems. Analysis Multinomial models estimated the odds of people engaging in moderate walking (<149 min/wk) and in walking sufficiently to meet recommendations for health (150+ min/wk), relative to not walking; and in walking sufficiently, relative to walking moderately. A base model consisted of survey variables, and final models incorporated both survey and environmental variables. Results Survey variables strongly associated with walking sufficiently to enhance health included household income, not having difficulty walking, using transit, perceiving social support for wa...
The galois system: optimistic parallelization of irregular programs

The last several years have seen multicore architectures become ascendant in the computing world. As a result, it is no longer sufficient to rely on increasing single-threaded performance to improve application performance; instead, programmers must turn to parallelization to realize the performance gains of multicore architectures. While much research over the past three decades have focused on parallelizing regular programs which operate over arrays and matrices, much less effort has been focused on irregular programs which operate over pointer-based data structures such as trees and graphs. In fact, it is not even clear that a significant amount of parallelism even exists in these applications. We identify a common type of parallelism that arises in irregular programs that operate over worklists of various kinds, which we call amorphous data-parallelism. Due to the data-dependent nature of these applications, static compiler analysis does not suffice to uncover any parallelism. Instead, successful parallelization requires speculative, or optimistic, parallelization. However, existing speculation techniques, such as thread-level speculation, are too low-level to recognize and extract useful parallelism from these applications. We present the Galois system for optimistic parallelization which uses high-level abstractions to express amorphous data-parallelism in irregular programs, and uses semantic properties of data structures to automatically parallelize such programs. These abstractions allow programs with amorphous data-parallelism to be written in a sequential manner, relying on run-time support to extract parallelism. We then develop abstractions which allow programmers to succinctly capture locality properties of irregular data structures. We show how these abstractions can be used to improve locality, improve speculation performance and reduce speculation overhead. We also present a novel parallel scheduling framework which allows programmers to leverage algorithm semantics to intelligently schedule concurrent computation, improving performance. We demonstrate the utility of the Galois approach, as well as the extensions that we propose, across a wide range of irregular applications demonstrating amorphous data-parallelism. We find that the Galois approach can be used to extract significant parallelism with low programmer overhead.
Abilities-Based Assessment Within Pharmacy Education: Preparing Students for Practice of Pharmaceutical Care

SUMMARYAbility-based education has the potential to transform pharmacy education. What distinguishes ability-based education from some other evaluation strategies are its focus on development of student abilities and its assessment-as-learning philosophy which makes assessment part of the learning process, not simply an after-the-fact measurement of what learning has taken place. If an institution creates a coherent curriculum by implementing ability-based education at both the course and curricular levels, students can iteratively practice and improve upon those abilities which are essential for their practice of pharmaceutical care.
Computation of closest bifurcations in power systems

Voltage collapse and blackout can occur in an electric power system when load powers vary so that the system loses stability in a saddle node bifurcation. This paper computes load powers at which bifurcation occurs and which are locally closest to given operating load powers. The distance in load power parameter space to this locally closest bifurcation is an index of voltage collapse and a minimum load power margin. The computations are illustrated for several power systems. Monte-Carlo optimization techniques are applied to obtain multiple minimum load power margins. The use of load power margin sensitivities to select system controls is discussed. >
Graphs with least number of colorings

A λ-coloring of a graph G is an assignment of λ or fewer colors to the points of G so that no two adjacent points have the same color. Let Ω (n,e) be the collection of all connected n-point and e-edge graphs and let Ωp(n,e) be the planar graphs of Ω(n, e). This paper characterizes the graphs that minimize the number of λ-colorings in Ω(n, e) for all λ > 1 and Ωp(n,e) for all λ.4. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Field Fellow begins tenure

AGU's first Richard Montgomery Field Fellow is off to an enthusiastic start to his year at AGU headquarters in Washington, D.C. Jack B. Hartung, an adjunct professor in the geology department at George Mason University, has been hard at work coordinating the preparation of the Union's 3-year plan and launching other projects that he plans to develop throughout the year.
I Design; Therefore I Research: Revealing DBR through Personal Narrative

Design Based Research (DBR) is a new and still-emerging approach to research about design, learning, and allied areas. This article reports one designer’s experiences within a DBR project. Whereas most reports of DBR focus on the outcomes of the design itself, the current paper offers a hermeneutical perspective by focusing on the personal narrative of the designer. Using Edelson’s (2002) categories of learning as a basis for the discussion, the author reports the development of his own domain theories, design frameworks, and design methodology. Implications for other designers who would consider using personal narrative and hermeneutics are offered.
Designing for the Safety of Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Motorists in Urban Environments

Problem: While design solutions aimed at enhancing the safety of pedestrians are viewed as being incompatible with those intended to improve the safety of motorists, there has been little meaningful evaluation of the issue. Instead, this disagreement is based largely on the theoretical assertion that traffic crashes are the result of random driver error, and that the only certain means for addressing safety is to design roadways to be forgiving of these errors when they occur. This perspective overlooks the possibility that crashes may instead be the product of systematic patterns of behavior associated with the characteristics of the built environment. Purpose: This study sought to discover whether urban crash incidence is the product of random error, or whether it may be influenced by characteristics of the built environment. Methods: We used negative binomial regression models to examine the relationship between several aspects of the built environment and the incidence of crashes involving motorists, ...
Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy in hypercalcemia associated with malignancy.

VX2 carcinoma implanted inrabbits regularly induces hypercalcemia withoutdemonstrable bone metastases. The presentstudy was designed to determine the effect ofthyroparathyroidectomy on such hypercalcemia.The data obtained indicated that the parathyroidglands are not necessary to the developmentor maintenance of hypercalcemia in tumor-bearinganimals. These results support the conceptthat malignant tumors may elaborate hypercalcemia-inducing substances which act directlyon bone. (Endocrinology 80: 404, 1967)
Multifrequency Acoustic Profiling for Water Reservoir Sedimentation Studies

ABSTRACT Volume loss in water reservoirs due to sedimentation is conventionally estimated from the change in bathymetric surveys repeated five or more years apart. Despite many recent improvements in bathymetric surveying technology, such estimates of volume loss still depend on older and less accurate bathymetric surveys. We describe an alternative approach to reservoir surveying using a new multifrequency acoustic profiling system. The new system includes a 200 kHz precision fathometer and four subbottom profiling frequencies of 48 kHz, 24 kHz, 12 kHz, and 3.5 kHz, together with DGPS navigation. All data-recording components are contained in one suitcase-size instrument package. Specially designed software combines three or more signal frequencies into composite false-color displays for interpretation of sediment thickness and type. When calibrated by sparse coring or spud bar determinations of sediment thickness, the method can produce accurate long-term estimates of reservoir volume in one survey. As an initial test of the new system, we conducted a combined survey of water storage capacity and sediment volume of Waco Lake, Texas, in November 1997. The water storage capacity of Waco Lake was previously determined by land surveying methods prior to the initial impoundment in 1965 and by bathymetric surveys in 1970 and 1995. Our 1997 estimate of water storage capacity agrees with the 1995 bathymetric results to within 3%. However, we find 62% more sediment in the reservoir by direct acoustic measurement of the sediment thickness than indicated from the difference between the 1970 and 1995 bathymetric surveys.
Detecting regularity in point processes generated by humans

Detecting minefields in the presence of clutter is an important challenge for the Navy. Mine-fields have point patterns that tend to be regular for a variety of reasons including strategic doctrine, safety, tactical efficiency, and perhaps most intriguing the human element. For example, humans have a tendency to make lottery number selections, a one-dimensional discrete point process, in a non-uniform manner. In this paper, we introduce several simple procedures to detect regularity in point processes.
Checklist of insects associated with Salvinia minima Baker in Louisiana, USA

This study presents a list of adult insects (excluding Diptera and Lepidoptera) collected from an infestation of an invasive aquatic weed, common salvinia ( Salvinia minima Baker), in southern Louisiana, USA. Insects were sampled from May – November of 2009 and 2010 using floating pitfall traps. A total of 7,933 specimens were collected, representing seven orders, 70 families, and 235 species. Species of note include three currently undescribed species of Coleoptera, one previously undescribed braconid wasp, two new state records of Curculionidae, a new state generic record for the family Limnichidae, and a new record for the United States.
Morphological Examination of Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs on Cotton and Soybeans, with a Key to Genera

The eggs of 10 species of stink bugs found on cotton or soybeans are described, including size, chorion, and number and length of the micropylar processes; electron micrographs are provided for each species. In addition, egg size and length of the processes are compared among the species. Eggs of Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Thyanta custator accerra McAtee were the largest and smallest, respectively. Eggs of Podisus maculiventris (Say) had the longest micropylar processes, followed by those of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). The smallest processes were those of T. c. accerra. The number of micropylar processes ranged from 19 in P. maculiventris to 79 in Oebalus pugnax (F.). In addition, to these characters, the number of eggs per egg mass and the North American distributions of each species is given. Finally, a key is presented for identification of the pentatomid eggs found on cotton and soybeans in the southeastern United States.
Effects of endothelin and vasopressin on cerebral blood vessels

Endothelin is a recently described peptide which has been suggested to be one type of endothelium-derived contracting factor. The goals of the present study were to examine the effects of endothelin and vasopressin on diameter of cerebral vessels and on permeability of the blood-brain barrier to fluorescein sodium (mol wt of 376). In anesthetized rats, topical suffusion of arginine vasopressin (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) decreased the diameter of pial arterioles, with a reduction of 27 +/- 1% at 10(-7) M in cerebrum and 35 +/- 2% at 10(-8) M for the basilar artery. A low concentration of endothelin (10(-10) M) produced modest (5 +/- 1%) dilatation of pial arterioles. Higher concentrations of endothelin (10(-8) and 10(-7) M) constricted pial arterioles with a reduction in diameter of 22 +/- 5% at 10(-7) M. Dilatation to endothelin was not observed in the basilar artery. The basilar artery constricted to lower doses of vasopressin than endothelin, but vasoconstriction to 10(-7) M endothelin (56 +/- 4%) was greater (P less than 0.05) than that for the same dose of vasopressin. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to fluorescein sodium was not increased by vasopressin or endothelin. Thus 1) vasopressin produces constriction of brain blood vessels; 2) endothelin produces dilatation of pial arterioles at low doses but constriction at high doses; 3) constrictor responses to both peptides appear to be greater in the brain stem than in the cerebrum; and 4) vasopressin and endothelin do not increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
Alcoholism: denial and the physician.

Doctors are often unwitting parties to the deception and denial practiced by alcoholics, missing chances to bring up drinking problems when patients are more likely to be honest with themselves, hesitating to confront patients with the diagnosis when this should be done, and contributing to rejection by using euphemisms. A probing but accepting attitude is the best tool to erode denial.
Leader selection and optimal synchronization gains in synchronization control of networked distributed parameter systems

This work is concerned with the optimization aspects of networked distributed parameter systems. It is assumed that the information exchange between the networked systems, each of which is governed by an evolution equation in an abstract space, is a priori given and the design objective is to choose the leader and the synchronization controllers so that all the followers track the leader in an appropriate norm, and that all networked system agree with each other. The optimization problem is formulated as a minimization problem of a quadratic index penalizing the distance from synchronization and the tracking errors. The optimal value of the quadratic index, as it is parameterized by the synchronization gains, is expressed in terms of the solution to an associated operator Lyapunov equation. Adding another level of optimization, one can optimally select the leader and the associated optimal synchronization gains. Such a leader selection reduces to zeroing a row of an associated gain matrix for the aggregate system. Numerical studies of four networked parabolic PDEs are presented to provide additional insight on the effects of optimal leader selection and optimal gain selection on the synchronization controller performance and the collective behavior of the networked PDE systems.
Local administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bisphosphonate during non-weight-bearing treatment of ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an experimental investigation in immature pigs.

Background: Non-weight-bearing decreases the femoral head deformity but increases bone resorption without increasing bone formation in an experimental animal model of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. We sought to determine if local administration of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 with or without bisphosphonate can increase the bone formation during the non-weight-bearing treatment in the large animal model of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Methods: Eighteen piglets were surgically induced with femoral head ischemia. Immediately following the surgery, all animals received an above-the-knee amputation to enforce local non-weight-bearing (NWB). One to two weeks later, six animals received local BMP-2 to the necrotic head (BMP group), six received local BMP-2 and ibandronate (BMP+IB group), and the remaining six received no treatment (NWB group). All animals were killed at eight weeks after the induction of ischemia. Radiographic, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histomorphometric assessments were performed. Results: Radiographic assessment showed that the femoral heads in the NWB, BMP, and BMP+IB groups had a decrease of 20%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, in their mean epiphyseal quotient in comparison with the normal control group. Micro-CT analyses showed significantly higher femoral head bone volume in the BMP+IB group than in the BMP group (p = 0.02) and the NWB group (p < 0.001). BMP+IB and BMP groups had a significantly higher trabecular number (p < 0.01) and lower trabecular separation (p < 0.02) than the NWB group. In addition, the osteoclast number per bone surface was significantly lower in the BMP+IB group compared with the NWB group. Calcein labeling showed significantly higher bone formation in the BMP and BMP+IB groups than in the NWB group (p < 0.05). Heterotopic ossification was found in the capsule of four hips in the BMP+IB group but not in the BMP group. Conclusions: Administration of BMP-2 with bisphosphonate best decreased bone resorption and increased new bone formation during non-weight-bearing treatment of ischemic osteonecrosis in a pig model, but heterotopic ossification is a concern. Clinical Relevance: This preclinical study provides new evidence that BMP-2 with bisphosphonate can effectively prevent the extreme bone loss associated with the non-weight-bearing treatment and increase new bone formation in the femoral head in this animal model of ischemic osteonecrosis.
The History of Ideas in America: An Essay in Redefinition

EVEN the most cursory examination of recent historical writing will reveal that intellectual history has become a full-fledged branch of American scholarship. Students of American life and institutions have taken its virtues for granted, much as earlier scholars took for granted the virtues of diplomatic, political, and social history, and they have explored both the main currents of American thought and a number of the particular ideas or intellectual configurations which have characterized that thought. Their undertaking has also acquired a rudimentary critical apparatus. Thanks to such writers as John Higham and Roy H. Pearce, R. W. B. Lewis and John W. Ward, scholars have begun to acknowledge the assumptions that underlie any attempt to examine American ideas in their historic setting. Nor have they stopped with making their methodological assumptions more explicit. Recognizing that a discipline is defined at least as much by the questions it does not seek to answer as by those it does, they have also begun to consider what the historical examination of ideas cannot accomplish. In short, American intellectual history flourishes both as a scholarly commitment and as a self-conscious scholarly enterprise, and we need no longer either justify its existence or apologize for its naivete. Nevertheless, the discipline confronts an almost intolerable intellectual dilemma, which its practitioners have been unable to resolve satisfactorily. That dilemma originates in a distinction between internal and external approaches to ideas: between the historical examination of ideas as ideas apart from questions of their social origin or their social influence, and the pursuit of ideas in their relationships to events. Pursuing internal intellectual history, scholars have also tended to lay primary emphasis on major philosophical concepts, on literary and philosophical techniques of analysis, on the study of ideas for their own sake. Pursuing external intellec-
Analysis of micro quantities of sweat for sodium chloride by conductivity method.

SummaryThe fact that the ionic content of rapidly secreted sweat consists almost entirely of sodium chloride make feasible use of conductivity measurement to determine the sodium chloride content of micro quantities of sweat. This method has a high degree of accuracy and is at the same time simple and rapid.
An equilibrium model of adsorption for concentrating hydrogen from ammonia plant purge gas

brief account and evaluation is given ofmathematic models of pressure swing adsorption.Using an equilibrium model for the bulkseparation of multiple components,an adsorption process ig simulated for concentratillg hydrogen from ammonia plant purge gas by PSAmethod.The results are in agreement with thebasic law expressed by theoretically analyzedand experimentally determined outflowcurves,showing that the simplified model isapplicable.
Effect of Sintering Basic Characteristics on Reduction Degradation Index for Cr-Bearing Vanadium and Titanium Magnetite

The content of binding phase in Cr-bearing vanadium and titanium magnetite is insufficient,which makes the sintering strength and low temperature reduction degradation index(RDI) bad. The sintering basic characteristics,i. e.,crystal intensity,self-intensity of adhere phase,fluidity of liquid phase,assimilation temperature,were studied in four kinds of Cr-bearing vanadium and titanium magnetites,which were compared with the single burning test results of four kinds of iron ore concentrate,to explore the effect of the sintering basic characteristics on RDI+ 3. 15.The results showed that the RDI+ 3. 15 of sinter decreases with increasing the assimilation temperature,and increases with increasing the strength of binding phase,but the fluidity of liquid phase and crystal intensity have little influence on it.
E-Government Initiatives Case Study: New Models for Success

This case study examines the efforts of a mid-tier, cabinet-level state agency to transform its constituency services to be more effective using information technology. The agency, based in a rural Midwestern state, faced increased scrutiny to raise accuracy, lower wait times, decrease expenditures, increase constituency satisfaction, and expand services to the state. To meet these challenges, the agency conducted a series of meetings to determine best possible opportunities for change and decided that technology solutions, which supported their business vision of the future, would be the foundation for that change. Redesigning core organizational processes—using several technologies such as e-commerce, content management system, data warehousing, and mobile technologies—would revolutionize how the agency delivers these services to its constituency. Along the way, agency encountered several challenges such as staff turnover, leadership issues, outsourcing issues, and implementation issues. At the heart of their experience lie four theories: the technology adoption model, task–technology fit model, Delone–McLean model of information systems success, and Leavitt’s model of organizational change (or Leavitt’s diamond). This case will not only examine the academic issues surrounding the aforementioned theories, but will also discuss how the agency navigated through real-world issues to meet these challenges. By increasing the quality and quantity of information that governmental bodies provide “Joe Citizen,” our populations are able to have opportunities to be more self-sufficient and are able to hold our public trust more accountable and responsive to the needs of an evergrowing, ever-changing society at large.
The Context of German Politics

In any study of modern Western European politics an examination of Germany must occupy a prominent place. Germans are the most numerous people in Western and Central Europe. From 1945 to 1990, Germany was divided into two states: the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), or West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), or East Germany. The unified Federal Republic, which was formed in 1989-90, unlike France, Britain, Italy, or Sweden, must now integrate 16 million new citizens into its economy, society, and polity. The vast majority of these former East Germans have had little or no experience in democratic citizenship.
High performance sputtered/anodized tantalum oxide capacitors

High-performance films (400-1600 AA) were formed by anodizing sputtered tantalum oxide films. The electrical properties of these two-step oxidized and sputtered/anodized films are compared with those of films prepared by anodization of sputtering only. The sputtered/anodized tantalum oxide capacitors have lower dissipation factors, higher breakdown fields, narrower breakdown distributions, and lower leakage currents. The sputtered/anodized tantalum oxide films have shown to be useful for high-charge-storage capacitor applications. >
Power-Aware Optimization of SoC Test Schedules Using Voltage and Frequency Scaling

With shrinking device sizes, System-on-Chip (SoC) cores are growing in number and complexity. This has led to high volumes of test data and long test times. Therefore, reducing test cost by minimizing the overall test time is one of the main goals of SoC testing. To efficiently manage test resources and power dissipation, tests for the SoC cores are arranged into test schedules. Traditional SoC test methods assume a constant test frequency and supply voltage (VDD) for the entire test schedule. However, test power and test time can be regulated by varying VDD and test clock frequency to optimize SoC test schedules for a given power budget. The research presented in this paper focuses on power-aware optimization of SoC test schedules to minimize test time by scaling the supply voltage and test clock rate. This scaling can be on a per session basis (in case of session-based test schedules) or dynamically (in case of sessionless test schedules). Exact and heuristic algorithms for solving the optimization problem are discussed. These algorithms are implemented and applied to several SoC benchmarks. Results show a significant reduction in SoC test time over the conventional test schedules where VDD and clock are fixed at given nominal values.
Reserve Policy Optimization for Scheduling Wind Energy and Reserve

The rapid increase in the integration of renewable resources has given rise to challenges in power system operations. Due to the uncertainty and variability of renewable generation, additional reserves may be needed to maintain reliability. Uncertainty complicates the process of economic dispatch and renders the deterministic optimization approach less effective. Existing optimization solutions for handling uncertainty, such as scenario-based stochastic programming and robust programming, are also computationally expensive, especially when there are multiple wind farms. Such approaches are less practical for large-scale systems during real-time operations. This paper investigates offline stochastic algorithms to train deterministic operational policies. Such policies are then added to real-time operational models. Specifically, an offline policy generation technique is proposed to provide a stochastic reserve margin to hedge against the real-time uncertainty of (multiple) wind farm generation. The proposed policy generation structure uses a forecast-based framework that accounts for wind generation and system loading conditions. The proposed approach is tested on the Reliability Test System 1996. The proposed approach is compared against existing reserve rules to demonstrate the improvement in handling uncertainty and achieving a more secure solution.
Guns, Culture or Mental Health? Framing Mass Shootings as a Public Health Crisis

In recent years, public health scholars and policymakers have been calling for increased research on the public health implications of gun violence. However, scientific research on this issue has been stifled by a 1996 budget rider that eliminated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) funding for gun research. In this study, we examined newspaper coverage of three mass shootings that took place over a 20-year period before and after the passage of this budget rider. We found that sources and frames provided by news media to contextualize gun violence shifted markedly over time, progressing from episodic and individual-level frames to broader thematic societal-level concerns, with increased discussion of mental health but limited discourse explicitly related to public health.
Anticoagulating atrial fibrillation patients: is there a kidney-friendly choice?

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia that will increase the risk of ischemic stroke, systemic thromboembolism as well as mortality. Reduced kidney function and albuminuria are independently associated with higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (1).
Conversational Semantic Search: Looking Beyond Web Search, Q&A and Dialog Systems

User expectations of web search are changing. They are expecting search engines to answer questions, to be more conversational, and to offer means to complete tasks on their behalf. At the same time, to increase the breadth of tasks that personal digital assistants (PDAs), such as Microsoft»s Cortana or Amazon»s Alexa, are capable of, PDAs need to better utilize information about the world, a significant amount of which is available in the knowledge bases and answers built for search engines. It thus seems likely that the underlying systems that power web search and PDAs will converge. This demonstration presents a system that merges elements of traditional multi-turn dialog systems with web based question answering. This demo focuses on the automatic composition of semantic functional units, Botlets, to generate responses to user»s natural language (NL) queries. We show that such a system can be trained to combine information from search engine answers with PDA tasks to enable new user experiences.
TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS AND TISSUE

The total neutron cross sections of several organic materials are measured in the energy region 0.0I5 ev < E < 0.2 ev. The data are to be used in the application of the Neutron cross sections were studied for formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids; ethyl, propyl, and butyl alcohols; methyl-ethyl ketone; and human muscle, brain, and bone tissues. A graphical comparison is shown of the total macroscopic cross section of n-butyl alcohol and muscle tissue to that for water. (N.W.R.)
The association of upper airway resistance with periodic limb movements.

Study objectives We hypothesized that the upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), the component event being a respiratory effort related arousal (RERA), and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), the component event being repetitive, stereotyped extremity movements occurring in a periodic fashion, were associated in certain patients. Design Invasive polysomnography using Pes and full facemask pneumotachography was used to identify RERA's in patients. Periodic limb movements (PLM) were scored according to standard criteria and as associated with RERA if the movement occurred between the Pes nadir and the onset of the arousal. Setting A university hospital Sleep Disorders Laboratory. Participants Patients consecutively diagnosed with PLMS in our sleep disorders laboratory over a 1 year period. Interventions None. Measurements and results Fourteen of twenty patients demonstrated UARS in addition to PLMS (70%). In those 14, 63% of RERAs were associated with a PLM (mean = 51.7 + 36.2 PLM/RERAs per study vs 5.6 + 6.3 PLM/RERAs per study if the association were random). Patients with UARS had more arousals with their PLMs (P = 0.0006). Conclusions An association exists between PLMS and UARS on both a group level and an event level. A high percentage of PLM with arousals correlated with breathing events due to increased effort in UARS; this may be of clinical utility in the management of PLMS patients.
Characteristic equations for different ARROW structures

Based on radiation modes and phase relations in different ARROW structures, the characteristic equations are presented that can avoid root searching in the complex plane and find the effective index, loss and field profile easily. This simple model gives an accurate intuitive picture for low loss leaky modes and it can be used to design and optimize the low loss ARROW devices of practical interest.
Communication Ecologies: Analyzing Adoption of False Beliefs in an Information-Rich Environment:

The continued fragmentation of information and the proliferation of communication resources necessitate a shift toward perspectives that situate communication practices in a multilevel ecosystem. T...
Synthesis of Na@nanoFAU Zeolite Catalyst and Catalysis for Production of Formic Acid with Na@nanoFAU

Microporous aluminosilicate is one type of most important catalyst supports in catalysis reactions performed at high temperatures in gas phase and at a relatively low temperature in a liquid phase. There is significant limit of diffusion resulting from long diffusion path of molecules in a particle of aluminosilicate with a size of a few hundreds of nanometers and from the limited pore diameter of subnanometer when a catalytic reaction is performed in the micropores of aluminosilicate buried in liquid phase at a low temperature (< 200 °C). To avoid such diffusion limit, FAU at nanoscale (nanoFAU) was synthesized through growth of layered porous aluminosilicate in confined space between adjacent graphene oxide layers and a following removal of the graphene oxide through combustion at a high temperature. The as-synthesized nanoFAU exhibits a lateral dimension of tens of nanometers but a thickness of only 2–3 nm in terms of a single unit cell of zeolite. The Na+ cations anchored on Bronsted site in micropores of the as-synthesized nanoFAU exhibit (Na@nanoFAU) is active for synthesis of formic acid from CO and H2O in aqueous solution under the gas phase of 10 bar CO. The apparent activation barrier for synthesis of formic acid on this Na@nanoFAU is about 50.1 kJ/mol.
An Overview of Muscle Biology and Physiology for Muscle Gene Therapy

The body’s musculature is both quantitatively and qualitatively of critical importance to the body. In an average human, the muscle takes up a third to half of all the body mass. Qualitatively, it is critical to all aspects of life; even the brain has virtually no other means of expressing its thoughts other than by contraction of muscle fibers. Two main distinct muscle tissues are present in the body, smooth and striated muscle tissue. Striated muscle tissue is subdivided into two major parts: skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue. In the muscular dystrophies, both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues are part of the pathological manifestation of disease. In this chapter, we will discuss the basic mechanism of contraction at the molecular level, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that make the muscle function in vivo. We will focus on skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, briefly describing the extent to which muscular dystrophy impacts muscle contraction in these two different muscle tissues.
Integrating visible light 3D scanning into the everyday world

Visible light 3D scanning offers the potential to non-invasively and nearly non-perceptibly incorporate 3D imaging into the everyday world. This paper considers the various possible uses of visible light 3D scanning technology. It discusses multiple possible usage scenarios including in hospitals, security perimeter settings and retail environments. The paper presents a framework for assessing the efficacy of visible light 3D scanning for a given application (and compares this to other scanning approaches such as those using blue light or lasers). It also discusses ethical and legal considerations relevant to real-world use and concludes by presenting a decision making framework.
On the Preservation of Non-covalent Peptide Assemblies in a Tandem-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometer-Mass Spectrometer (TIMS-TIMS-MS).

Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has demonstrated the ability to characterize structures of weakly-bound peptide assemblies. However, these assemblies can potentially dissociate during the IMS-MS measurement if they undergo energetic ion-neutral collisions. Here, we investigate the ability of tandem-trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-TIMS-MS) to retain weakly-bound peptide assemblies. We assess ion heating and dissociaton in the tandem-TIMS instrument using bradykinin and its assemblies as reference systems. Our data indicate that non-covalent bradykinin assemblies are largely preserved in TIMS-TIMS under carefully selected operating conditions. Importantly, we observe quadruply-charged bradykinin tetramers, which attests to the “softness” of our instrument.