cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tape management in a storage networking environment

Today, the paradigm shift in storage architectures from direct-attached storage to storage area network and network-attached storage, and to emerging standards such as iSCSI, has a strong impact on the requirements for storage management software. The managed storage resources could be disks (from a few disks to a large disk subsystem) or tapes (from a single tape drive to large automated tape libraries). A key challenge in this field is the management of removable media such as tape, optical, or others. Besides having to keep track of a potentially enormous number of different volumes and maintaining records of important attributes such as media owner, age, I/O errors, media-pool affiliation, and much more, the open storage networking environment raises new questions. In a scenario in which the use of SCSI devices is no longer restricted to a small number of locally attached servers, security and robustness become increasingly important issues. Access conflicts must be carefully controlled, mount operations have to run in a robust manner, and it is mandatory to comply with a security concept that protects data as well as privacy and confidentiality. This paper concerns the new requirements for tape management systems in storage networking environments. It describes the challenges and relates these requirements to the standards that exist today.
Two types of mechanical reversible logic

The author describes two types of mechanical reversible logic which eliminate sliding contact. In the first type, contact between parts, when it does occur, involves only pressure. In the second, all contact between parts is eliminated. The entire computation could in principle be performed by a single block of complexly shaped oscillating material. The state of the computation is stored in the elastic deformations of this single block. If the material is perfectly elastic, the resulting computer will dissipate no energy. Real material moving sufficiently slowly can approximate a perfectly elastic material as closely as desired. In real materials, energy dissipation occurs during successive cycles of compression and decompression of the material much as energy dissipation occurs when a gas is compressed by a piston. However, at sufficiently low temperatures, this mechanism of energy dissipation might no longer be operative. It is not impossible that energy dissipation can be made to fall exponentially as both temperature and speed of operation are reduced.
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks and radiosensitivity to killing in an isogenic group of p53 mutant cell lines.

Abstract Purpose: Accumulation of the p53 protein can result in G 1 arrest that may facilitate DNA repair, or alternatively, it may lead to apoptosis. Mutations that alter p53's ability to mediate these responses are expected to alter cell radiosensitivity to killing. However, the relationship between p53 status and cell radiosensitivity has proven to be complex. Several studies have suggested that p53 mutations are associated with increased radioresistance to killing, while others have shown no such correlation. These differences may be derived from the fact that different mutations of p53 exert different effects on cell radiosensitivity. Methods and Materials: To address this question, we examined a group of isogenic cell lines that express different "hot spot" mutant forms of p53. These cells were generated from human osteosarcoma (SAOS) cells, a p53 null cell line, by transfection with vectors expressing different p53 mutants. Vectors with the following p53 mutations were utilized: 143Ala, 175His, 248Try, 273His, and 281Gly. As controls, we used the original SAOS cells and cells transfected with the vector alone. Results were compared to those obtained with a cell line expressing wild-type p53 (wt p53). Radiosensitivity to killing was determined in the exponential phase of growth by measuring loss of colony-forming ability. Induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) was measured in irradiated cells using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Apoptosis was assessed using morphologic evaluation of DAPI-stained cells after treatment either with radiation or paclitaxel. Results: Transfected SAOS-2 cell lines expressed a mutant form of p53 that could not be induced by radiation, and which was transcriptionally inactive. Among the 7 cell lines studied, we observed no difference in cellular radiosensitivity to killing ( p = NS). When examining DNA repair, no difference in either the induction or repair of DNA dsb was noted in any of the cell lines studied ( p = NS). Also, induction of apoptosis, either after exposure to radiation or paclitaxel, was low, and similar in all cell lines ( p = NS). Non-isogenic cells expressing wt p53 were more radioresistant to killing by radiation, but showed similar kinetics of dsb rejoining. Conclusion: The results suggest that expression of different p53 mutants does not alter the yields of radiation-induced dsb, or the ability of cells to repair this type of lesion. In addition, the same p53 mutants do not affect cellular radiosensitivity to killing, or the induction of apoptosis after exposure to radiation or paclitaxel.
A two-surface plasticity theory and its application to multiaxial loading

A two-surface theory based upon experimental results is presented. The theory utilizes the concept of a yield surface and a loading surface to describe the essential features of the time-independent inelastic behavior of materials. The theory is implemented in a computer program and its predictions are compared to a variety of axial-torsional experimental data including both proportional and nonproportional loading.
Genetics heterogeneity of DR4 in the old order amish and two new HLA-D specificities

Abstract Seven Old Order Amish families were D and DR typed using the Eighth International Workshop HTC and Dr antisera. Four different DR4 haplotypes were identified in five families, two of which were negative for Dww4 as well as all other known HLA-D alleles. These two “new” D/DR types reacted with all 8W antisera submitted as anti-DR4, but could be distinguished by their differential reactivity with three non-DR4 antisera 8W1207, 572, and 1074. We have designated these new specificities as DR-Am4.1 and 4.2. Sera 8W1207 and 572 were positive with DR-Am4.1 cells, while 8W1074 defined DR-Am4.2. The complete haplotypes of the new HLA-D/DR specificities were Aw32, Cw5, Bu44, D-Am4.1, DR-Am4.1 and A2, Cw4, Bw35, D-Am4.2, Dr-Am4.2. Homozygous cells of these new variants stimulated each other strongly in MLC. D-Am4.1/DR-Am4.1 represents a new D region allele possibly showing linkage disequilibrium with Bw44, since it was observed in one of ten Bw44 positive unrelated non-Amish subjects. D-Am4.2/DR-Am4.2, the second new variant, was not found in a screening of 31 non-Amish unrelated subjects. It, therefore, appears to have a low gene frequency in the population.
Optofluidic FRET dye laser controlled by DNA scaffolds

We report the development of optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) dye laser through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the donor molecule labeled on an oligonucleotide and the acceptor molecule labeled on a complementary oligonucleotide. The OFRR is a thin-walled fused silica capillary with a diameter around 80 μm and a wall thickness of a few micrometers. The capillary cross-section forms a ring resonator supporting the high-Q whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with evanescent field penetrating into the capillary core, where gain medium flows through the OFRR capillary. In the OFRR FRET dye laser, the distance between donor and acceptor is controlled by the length of the DNA scaffold, which in turn determines the FRET efficiency. In this study, we investigate the lasing emission spectrum, threshold, and lasing power conversion efficiency. Cascade FRET lasing is also explored by using three dye molecules labeled on oligonucleotides. A lasing threshold as low as 5 μJ/mm2 is demonstrated with the acceptor concentration of 30 μM.
Eigenvalue problem for a class of cyclically maximal monotone operators

Abstract : Proof is given of Lyusternik-Schnirelmann type theorems for convex functions in a Hilbert space.
Phonological Priming With Nonwords in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment

Purpose The cross-modal picture–word interference task is used to examine contextual effects on spoken-word production. Previous work has documented lexical–phonological interference in children wi...
Sensitivity comparison of surface plasmon resonance and plasmon-waveguide resonance biosensors

Abstract Plasmon-waveguide resonance (PWR) sensors are particularly useful for the investigation of biomolecular interactions with or within lipid bilayer membranes. Many studies demonstrated their ability to provide unique qualitative information, but the evaluation of their sensitivity as compared to other surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors has not been broadly investigated. We report here a comprehensive sensitivity comparison of SPR and PWR biosensors for the p-polarized light component. The sensitivity of five different biosensor designs to changes in refractive index, thickness and mass are determined and discussed. Although numerical simulations show an increase of the electric field intensity by 30–35% and the penetration depth by four times in PWR, the waveguide-based method is 0.5–8-fold less sensitive than conventional SPR in all considered analytical parameters. The experimental results also suggest that the increase in the penetration depth in PWR is made at the expense of the surface sensitivity. The physical and structural reasons for PWR sensor limitations are discussed and a general viewpoint for designing more efficient SPR sensors based on dielectric slab waveguides is provided.
Newsworkers during the Interwar Era: A Critique of Traditional Media History.

This essay offers an ideological critique of representations of United States newsworkers during the interwar period that have been presented in communication histories. Focusing on elements of structure, content, style, language, and absence, it explores the implications of a traditional liberal pluralist approach to media historiography. It suggests that although the role of newsworkers is central to understanding the political and economic development of the media, during this era, reporters are found to occupy a marginal role in conceptions of United States journalism history.
Protein aggregates and regional disease spread in ALS is reminiscent of prion-like pathogenesis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) typically commences in a discrete location in a limb or bulbar territory muscles and then spreads to the adjacent anatomical regions. This pattern is consistent with a contiguous spread of the disease process in motor neuron network resulting in progressive motor weakness. The etiology of ALS onset and the mechanism of the regional ALS spread remain elusive. Over the past 5 years, identification of mutations in two RNA binding proteins, trans active response (TAR) DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS), in patients with familial ALS has led to a major shift in our understanding of the ALS disease mechanism. In addition to their role in RNA metabolism, TDP-43 and FUS form protein aggregates in the affected neurons. More recent findings demonstrating that both TDP-43 and FUS contain glutamine/asparagine (Q/N) residue-rich prion-like domains have spurred intense research interest. This brief review discusses the prion-related domains in TDP-43 and FUS and their implication in protein aggregate formation and disease spread in ALS.
Atomistic Modeling of Elasticity and Fracture of a (10, 10) Single Wall Carbon Nanotube

We use the ReaxFF reactive force field to model extreme tensile deformation of a (10, 10) armchair carbon nanotube. The ReaxFF force field has been developed based on DFT quantum mechanical calculations without any empirical parameters (Duin et al., 2001). We report an analysis of the stress-strain relationship for the elastic and plastic regime, including a description of the microscopic fracture mechanisms. We find Young’s modulus to be around 1 TPa, close to experimental values. Our modeling yields a fracture tensile strain of approximately 30%, with a maximum tensile stress of approximately 300 GPa. Fracture of the CNT originates from formation of 5–7 Stone-Wales-like defects, leading to formation of micro-cracks.
Mercury Concentration and Distribution in Soils Impacted by Long-Term Applied Broiler Litter

Mercury (Hg) is a non-essential element for plants and animals nutrition. Its presence in agricultural systems is of concern due to its high potential toxicity. Mercury is persistent in the environment and has been listed as a pollutant by several environmental organizations. This work focuses on Hg concentrations and distributions, trends, and relationships with some properties of soils that have received repeated broiler litter application and currently under pasture. Results revealed significant increase in Hg concentration from 41 to 105 μg kg−1 and downward transport in the fields due to repeated applications. Correlation analysis indicated that sulfur and soil bulk density significantly (0.626*** and −0.645*** at p ≤ 0.05, respectively) influenced its accumulation and distribution in this soil.
Poisoning and reactivation processes in oxide-type cathodes: Part II. Single crystal BaO films

Abstract The work described here is a continuation of the studies reported in part I of shelf-life poisoning and reactivation observed with mixed Ba/Sr oxide-type cathodes after exposure in a vacuum tube ambient. Emphasis in part II is placed on the identification and determination of the basic mechanisms involved in the individual processes that make up the overall effects observed in part I. In order to achieve this, single crystal BaO films deposited on an inert Ir substrate were studied with respect to poisoning and reactivation by the various individual gas components found in typical vacuum ambients. The electronic work function changes were separated into their components of surface dipole and bulk-type Fermi level changes using the analysis of shifts in the low energy electron reflection (LEER) patterns obtained with an incident electron beam. Corresponding compositional changes were correlated with the electronic changes using multiple Auger energy analysis and also by noting changes in the characteristic shapes of the LEER patterns. The results showed that poisoning during shelf-life takes place chiefly by O2, CO2 and H2O. O2 poisoning occurs mainly by neutralizing O-vacancy donors and is more of a bulk-type effect altering the Fermi level. CO2 and H2O, on the other hand, form partial monolayers of surface carbonates and hydroxides which alter the surface dipole, i.e. electron affinity. These electronic changes in band structure are verified by the compositional measurements indicating the presence of an adsorbed surface layer with CO2 and H2O but not with O2. The surface layers have also been identified as the carbonates and hydroxides from characteristic LEER shapes as well as from comparison to dissociation temperatures and gas desorption results of part I. The poisoning rate for a 10 Langmuir exposure is about 1 eV change in Fermi level for O2, about 1 eV change in electron affinity for CO2 and about 1 3 eV change in electron affinity for H2O. The actually observed vacuum ambient poisoning rates are in very good agreement with that expected from the above mentioned gas poisoning rates when combined in the ratios of the partial pressures of these gases found in typical vacuum ambients. Reactivation is largely a desorption of the gas adsorbed during shelf-life and this is usually completed for oxide-type cathodes when the reactivation temperature reaches ∼1200 K, a typical operating temperature. Reactivation can also be enhanced by choosing substrate materials which will aid in the generation of O-vacancy donors or in the formation of a Ba surface layer. Care must be taken though to avoid interaction effects such as the formation of an oxide residue at the interface which may impede the donor generation process.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Fetal Goiter

The presence of a goiter in the fetus is an indication of maternal thyroid dysfunction. It carries an increased morbidity and mortality for the fetus and into the neonatal period. Maternal thyroid ...
Minimization of Hexavalent chromium in magnesite-chrome refractory

The fundamentals on the formation of Cr6+ have been studied from two points of view: thermodynamic and kinetic. Thermodynamically, the CaO-Cr2O3 phase diagram can be used as a guide to understand the formation of Cr6+ as a function of temperature and composition. The Cr6+ content, in the CaO-Cr2O3 phase diagram, increases with exposure to temperatures below 1022 °C and with an increase in CaO (from 0 to 42 pct CaO). In kinetics, the chromite phase size also plays a major role in the formation of Cr6+. A decrease in chromite phase size increases the Cr6+ content in the refractory. The use of fused grains also decreases the formation of Cr6+. In the case of magnesite-chrome refractories, temperature, basicity (CaO/SiO2), and chromite phase size play important roles in Cr6+ formation. The formation of Cr6+ can be minimized by carefully controlling the amount of calcium oxide in the refractory and by avoiding the use of a fine chromite phase during brickmaking.
Monitoring therapy with MEK inhibitor U0126 in a novel Wilms tumor model in Wt1 knockout Igf2 transgenic mice using 18F-FDG PET with dual-contrast enhanced CT and MRI: early metabolic response without inhibition of tumor growth.

Purpose The understanding of the role of genetic alterations in Wilms tumor development could be greatly advanced using a genetically engineered mouse models that can replicate the development and progression of this disease in human patients and can be monitored using non-invasive structural and molecular imaging optimized for renal tumors.
Construction of high-resolution wavelets

Abstract An iterative fast Fourier transform algorithm for the robust estimation of higher-order spectra is introduced and examined. The estimation displays very strong resistance to noise and can be applied to nonstationary processes and random fields. A wavelet adaptive procedure is constructed for image recognition processing. Several applications are discussed.
Unsteady Tip Leakage Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer on Turbine Blade Tip and Casing

An unsteady numerical investigation was performed to examine time dependent behaviors of the tip leakage flow structures and heat transfer on the rotor blade tip and casing in a single stage gas turbine engine. A transonic, high-pressure turbine stage was modeled and simulated using a stage pressure ratio of 3.2. The rotor’s tip clearance was 1.2 mm in height (3% of the rotor span) and its speed was set at 9500 rpm. Periodic flow is observed for each vane passing period. Tip leakage flow as well as heat transfer data showed highly time dependent behaviors. A stator trailing edge shock appears as the turbine stage is operating at transonic conditions. The shock alters the flow condition in the rotor section, namely, the tip leakage flow structures and heat transfer rate distributions. The instantaneous Nusselt number distributions are compared to the time averaged and steady-state results. The same patterns in tip leakage flow structures and heat transfer rate distributions were observed in both unsteady and steady simulations. However, the unsteady simulation captured the locally time-dependent high heat transfer phenomena caused by the unsteady interaction with the upstream vane trailing-edge shock and the passing wake.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The vibrational frequencies of CH2OH

Abstract On the basis of the comparison of the experimental and calculated vibrational frequencies of CH 3 OH and CH 2 OH, it is concluded that the band observed by Jacox at 569 cm −1 is due to the CH 2 rock in CH 2 OH. Calculations, using a second-order Moller—Plesset perturbation theory and a coupled-cluster singles and doubles approach including a perturbational estimate of the triple excitations, show that this mode is more sensitive to basis set than the other modes. Agreement with experiment is obtained only when very large basis sets are used.
Contamination of Adenovirus Stocks with SV40 (Papovavirus Group)

SummaryAdenovirus stocks prepared by serial passage of the virus in rhesus monkey kidney cells were found to be contaminated with the simian papovavirus SV40. The infectivity titer and number of particles of SV40 in each of 4 virus stocks examined were higher than those of adenovirus. The virus stocks had an average adenovirus titer of 103.6 TCD50/ml and an adenovirus particle count of about 107.6 particles/ml. The same stocks had an average SV40 titer of 106.0 TCD50/ml and an SV40 particle count of about 109.0 particles/ml. Antigenicity of the adenovirus and SV40 components was tested by inoculation of rabbits and guinea pigs, using the untreated stock, and stocks heated in water and in MgCl2. When the virus stock was heated at 50°C for 30 minutes in water, the adenovirus component lost all of its infectivity and a large part of its antigenicity, while the SV40 component retained both infectivity and antigenicity. When the virus stock was heated in M MgCl2 at 50°C for 30 minutes, the adenovirus component...
Pyrene-Labeled Amphiphiles: Dynamic And Structural Probes Of Membranes And Lipoproteins

Lipids and proteins are important functional and structural components of living organisms. Although proteins are frequently found as soluble components of plasma or the cell cytoplasm, many lipids are much less soluble and separate into complex assemblies that usually contain proteins. Cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins' are two important macro-molecular assemblies that contain both lipids and proteins. Cell membranes are composed of a variety of lipids and proteins that form an insoluble bilayer array that has relatively little curvature over distances of several nm. Plasma lipoproteins are different in that they are much smaller, water-soluble, and have highly curved surfaces. A model of a high density lipoprotein (HDL) is shown in Figure 1. This model (d - 10 nm) contains a surface of polar lipids and proteins that surrounds a small core of insoluble lipids, mostly triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. The low density (LDL) (d - 25 nm) and very low density (VLDL) (d 90 nm) lipoproteins have similar architectures, except the former has a cholesteryl ester core and the latter a core that is almost exclusively triglyceride (Figure 1). The surface proteins of HDL are amphiphilic and water soluble; the single protein of LDL is insoluble, whereas VLDL contains both soluble and insoluble proteins. The primary structures of all of these proteins are known.
Integrating a breadth-first curriculum with relevant programming projects in CS1/CS2

The ACM/IEEE Guidelines (1990) for CS1/CS2 recommend that these classes present a variety of concepts from the field of computer science. This is a departure from the traditional method of presenting this course, a course that stressed primarily programming. This paper describes a CS1/CS2 curriculum that integrates the breadth-first approach coupled with programming assignments that reinforce concepts covered in this curriculum. Students still spend a majority of their effort on programming. However, the programs that they write represent concepts that are usually presented later in the curriculum. These programs include an SLR parser, a problem from the realm of scientific computation, a dynamic programming problem from formal language theory, an implementation of the relational algebra operators for querying relational databases, an example from the field of artificial intelligence, and a simple example of concurrent programming. This curriculum is no doubt daunting to some students, but it does succeed in integrating topics covered in a breadth-first curriculum with related programming assignments. Experience has shown that most students prefer this rigorous set of meaningful programming assignments to ones that are more contrived and trivial.
Features of invasive staphylococcal disease in neonates.

Objective. Most clinical descriptions of invasive staphylococcal disease (ISD) in neonates date from before the mid-1980s, when neonatal viability and intensive care differed substantially from current standards. We aimed to describe the contemporary incidence, clinical features, and outcome of infants with ISD in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of infants who had ISD and were in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Woman9s Hospital of Texas, Houston, from January 2000 to June 2002. Confirmed ISD was defined as clinical sepsis and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated from ≥1 blood culture (BC) or a sterile body site excluding urine or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ≥2 BC or from 1 BC and a sterile body site. Probable ISD was defined as CoNS isolated from 1 BC or a sterile body site for which clinical and laboratory data review by 3 infectious disease specialists indicated that antimicrobial treatment was appropriate. Confirmed and combined confirmed plus probable cases were analyzed. Results. A total of 149 episodes (83 confirmed [39 SA, 44 CoNS], 66 probable) in 137 infants (mean gestational age [GA]: 27.6 weeks [22.4–36.4]; mean birth weight: 981 g [350–2995]) were reviewed. Four (3%) infants had early-onset infection (2 SA, 2 CoNS). Median age at infection onset was similar (17 days SA; 18 days CoNS). Intravascular catheters (IVC) were in situ in a minority of infants with ISD episodes (38% SA, 43% CoNS). CoNS more than SA infections were associated with very low birth weight ( Conclusion. CoNS ISD occurred in smaller, more premature infants than SA and was IVC associated in a minority of cases. Hypoxia and hypotension were the only presenting features that differentiated CoNS and SA. SA-associated morbidity was substantial, but SA infection carried no greater risk of death (5%) than CoNS.
Deep MicroRNA sequencing reveals downregulation of miR-29a in neuroblastoma central nervous system metastasis

Central nervous system (CNS) is an increasingly common site of isolated metastasis for patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. To explore the microRNA (miRNA) profile of this metastatic process, miRNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNA sequence families with differential expression between tumor pairs (pre-CNS primary and CNS metastasis) from 13 patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. Seven miRNA sequence families had distinct expression in CNS metastases when compared with their corresponding pre-CNS primaries. MiR-7 was upregulated (3.75-fold), and miR-21, miR-22, miR-29a, miR-143, miR-199a-1-3p, and miR-199a-1-5p were downregulated (3.5-6.1-fold), all confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. MiR-29a, previously shown to be downregulated in a broad spectrum of solid tumors including neuroblastoma, had the most significant decrease in all 13 CNS metastases (P = 0.001). Its known onco-targets CDC6, CDK6, and DNMT3A, as well as B7-H3, an inhibitory ligand for T cells, and natural killer cells, were found to have higher differential expression in these 13 CNS metastases when compared with their paired primaries. Additionally, miR-29a expression in primary tumors was significantly lower among patients who eventually relapsed in the CNS. Irrespective of the amplification status of MYCN, which is known to be associated with metastasis, pre-CNS primaries, and CNS metastases had significantly lower miR-29a expression than non-CNS primary tumors. Among MYCN amplified cell lines, those from CNS relapse also had lower miR-29a expression than non-CNS relapse. These findings raised the hypothesis that miR-29a could be a biomarker for neuroblastoma CNS metastasis, and its downregulation may play a pivotal role in CNS progression.
Is Nursing Its Own Worst Enemy

In a thought-provoking interview, one nurse theorist poses a question related to nurses. She asks nurses to defend their profession as a profession rather than as a trade. This question should give rise to a resounding response that nursing is a professional discipline. Over the years many nurses have fought to be recognized as a profession by doing the real work of building a foundation to ensure nursing's future. Unfortunately, over the last few decades, the building of nursing science has taken a back seat to other concerns such as creating more layers of practice, continuing to confuse the public and our patients about who nurses really are and what nursing really does.
A ‘marked success’: physical activity at Miss White’s School

This article examines the career of Flora White, who operated a school for girls in Concord, Massachusetts (USA) from 1897 to 1914. The school promoted individualised learning and physical activity for young women. Its programme of female exercise and sports ran counter to prevailing scholarly, medical, and popular opinion in the US. White faced challenges resulting from the feminisation of teaching and advance of industrialisation. The preponderance of female teachers raised concerns about a shortage of male role models for boys; these concerns intensified as fathers left farms for factory work. Participation in sports was regarded as the best way to compensate for perceived role model deficits and sedentary lifestyles, and athletics became contextualised in masculine terms. Nevertheless, White’s accomplishments are evident in the successes of her students and in her impact on US educational institutions and organisations.
Swashup: situational web applications mashups

Distributed programming has shifted from private networks to the Internet using heterogeneous Web APIs. This enables the creation of situational applications of composed services exposing user interfaces, i.e., mashups. However, this programmable Web lacks unified models that can facilitate mashup creation, reuse, and deployments. This poster demonstrates a platform to facilitate Web 2.0 mashups.
Processing, Microstructure, and Wear Behavior of Silicon Nitride Hot‐Pressed with Alumina and Yttria

Commercial silicon nitride powder with A12O3 and Y2O3 additives was hot-pressed to complete density. The resulting microstructure contained elongated grains with no trace of remaining α-Si3N4. The aspect ratio of the elongated grains increased with increasing soak time at a fixed hot-pressing temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline phase in the hot-pressed samples was β-sialon (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z) with z values that increased with soak time. The fracture strength and fracture toughness of the samples increased as the aspect ratio of the grains increased. The Vickers hardness decreased slightly as the soak time was increased, which was attributed to a grain size effect. Wear tests of silicon nitride against silicon nitride were conducted on a reciprocating pin-on-disk apparatus with paraffin oil as a lubricant. Correlation studies of wear with microstructure and mechanical properties were performed. The wear rate increased rapidly with increasing soak time in spite of the increased strength and toughness. This was attributed to increased third-body wear caused by pullout of pieces from the wear surface. The pullout mechanism was not conclusively identified. However, TEM examination showed clear evidence of dislocation motion under the wear scar. Grain boundary microstresses caused by the anisotropic thermal expansion and elastic properties of the elongated grains may have contributed to the observed pullout.
Introduction to the Special Issue of Indiana Libraries for Online Government Information

elcome to the special issue of Indiana Libraries focused on online government information for practical use in public, academic, school, and special libraries in Indiana. In today’s environment, libraries are a major source for e-government information access and services. Students and researchers rely on this information, and, more than ever, the public uses e-government services from federal, state, and local governments. “Libraries have an increasingly significant role responding to this environment of high user expectations and need to plan for rising demands for Internet government information” (Morrison, p. vii).
Recrystallization Performance of AA7050 Varied with Sc and Zr

The elements Sc and Zr are known to impart increased recrystallization resistance in aluminum alloys by employing Al 3 Sc and Al 3 Zr dispersoids, respectively. Developing elevated recrystallization temperatures in wrought aluminum alloys is important for the retention of mechanical properties developed during thermo-mechanical processing. The interactions of Sc and Zr additions in precipitation hardenable 7xxx alloys are studied in this work. Of the two dispersoids mentioned, only Al 3 Zr is used in some 7xxx alloys. We show that the use of both Sc and Zr in 7050 is more effective than Zr acting alone. Emphasis is given to the evolution of microstructure as affected by Sc content, Zr content, homogenization, hot rolling, and annealing. The results of optical microscopy, TEM, and EDS are included in this work.
Science interminable: Blame Ben?

Solomon H. Snyder. Science is indeed interminable. Criticizing old ideas, coming up with new ones in an iterative process of creative destruction and reinvention is the spice of life for research. But there is another seemingly interminable aspect of science, at least in the biomedical arena, related to journal publication. When I was a postdoctoral fellow with Julius “Julie” Axelrod at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) circa 1963–1965, a typical postdoctoral fellow might write several papers in a year. While snail mail and other technical limitations slowed progress, the overall research/publication process then was substantially briefer than now. The latency between initiating a project and writing a paper was often under a year, while today the process typically comprises 5 years or more. These discrepancies are perplexing, because today’s tools of biomedical research are vastly more powerful than those of 40–50 years ago. The techniques of molecular biology can provide definitive answers rather than mere suggestions. Why does it take so much longer to move from test tube to the printed page? One element is a journal review process that is substantially lengthier, especially in terms of experiments required to address the concerns of referees. To anticipate such referee responses, scientists preemptively carry forward experimentation more exhaustively than is necessary to document their assertions. Yet, we can clone genes in a couple of days. Shouldn’t we be able to complete experiments to satisfy reviewers in a few weeks rather than the 7–12 months typically consumed in revision, not to mention the many years devoted to developing the original manuscript? If one spends 5 years accumulating the data for a manuscript and … [↵][1]1E-mail: ssnyder{at}jhmi.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Abstract The optimal form of treatment for children with relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the results of 32 (11 autologous, 21 allogeneic) hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) performed for children originally treated on either the Eastern Cooperative Group E2491 Trial or the Cancer and Leukemia Group B C9710 Trial and subsequently diagnosed with relapsed or refractory APL. For autologous HSCT, the incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) and relapse was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%-30%) and 27% (95% CI, 9%-57%), respectively. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) following autologous HSCT was 73% (95% CI, 43%-91%) and 82% (95% CI, 51%-96%), respectively. For allogeneic HSCT, the incidence of TRM and relapse was 19% (95% CI, 7%-41%) and 10% (95% CI, 2%-30%), respectively. The 5-year EFS and OS following allogeneic HSCT was 71% (95% CI, 50%-86%) and 76% (95% CI, 55%-90%), respectively. There was no significant difference in EFS or OS between autologous and allogeneic HSCT. This data demonstrates that autologous and allogeneic HSCT are both effective therapies for treatment of children with relapsed or refractory APL. Autologous HSCT is associated with a low incidence of TRM, whereas allogeneic HSCT is associated with a low incidence of relapse, suggesting a strong GVL effect against residual APL.
The Impact of Family Rules on Children's Eating Habits, Sedentary Behaviors, and Weight Status.

Abstract Background: Family rules may be influential in helping children to modify their dietary and sedentary behaviors, which are important modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity. However, data examining family rules in relation to children's health behaviors and weight status are limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined differences in family rules by demographic characteristics of students enrolled in the HEROES (Healthy, Energetic, Ready, Outstanding, Enthusiastic Schools) Initiative, a school-based childhood obesity prevention program. It also investigated the relationship between eating and screen time family rules and six eating and screen time behaviors: fast food consumption; soft drink consumption; fruit and vegetable intake; television viewing; computer use; and video game use, in addition to the association between family rules and children's weight status. Measures included self-reported behavioral data and anthropometric data from students in fourth to eighth grade at 16 ...
Migration Strategies Vary in Space, Time, and Among Species in the Small-fish Metacommunity of the Everglades

Spatial ecology and movement strategies of aquatic organisms may limit their response to human-caused drying of wetland habitats. We characterized the movement strategies of the most abundant species of fish in the wetlands of the Everglades (USA) to better understand how they cope with annual fluctuations in aquatic habitat size. Over a six-year period, we used a sampling method designed to measure the density, activity levels, and movement direction of small fishes. We estimated changes in displacement speed and directional bias to identify patterns of movement that different fishes use to disperse over the gradient of disturbance in this environment. Movement of fishes ranged from highly active and directed to passive and random, and varied with hydrological condition (water rising, stable, or dropping). Six of the eight species studied displayed “directed” movement (possibly displaying taxis along environmental gradients) that varied in both speed and directional bias in response to hydrological cues....
The Metaterm ‘Cause’

The purpose of this discussion is to explore a particularly flexible but explicit definition for the linguistic term ‘cause’ or ‘causative’ as a semantic notion for language-specific description, cross-linguistic comparison, and general theorizing and linguistic dialogue. Examples will be brought in from Newari (Tibeto-Burman) of the general variety used in Kathmandu, Nepal, as well as from English. Strong constraints cannot be built into the definition in the absence of agreed-upon language universals justifying such constraints. Its flexibility lies in allowing an indefinite number of details to be made explicit, and its explicitness, in specifying where those details belong in relation to one another.
Use Of a Simulation Model to Explore Fungicide Strategies for Control of Cercospora Leafspot of Peanut1

Abstract A sub-model describing persistence and efficacy of chlorothalonil fungicide was incorporated into a computer simulation model of Cercospora leafspot of peanut. The resultant model was validated using independent data sets from field trials over a two-year period. Predicted disease progress curves and area under the disease progress curve for different fungicide application schedules and rates were compared with field observations. The model was then used to compare predicted disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for a calendar spray schedule vs a leafspot advisory program under different weather conditions. Predicted disease severity levels and area under disease progress curves were similar for advisory and calendar spray schedules. Results were insensitive to changes in parameters describing fungicide persistence or efficacy. The model described herein is a good estimator of the combined effects of weather and chlorothalonil treatments on disease progress, effective...
Coronary plaque burden regression and high-risk plaque reversal: Potential biomarkers for secondary prevention?

Approximately 300,000 Americans have a recurrent coronary attack each year [1]. Effective medical therapies reduce event frequency, and newer, potentially more effective anti-atherosclerotic therapies are being studied [2–4] and becoming available [5,6]. The therapeutic implications of these novel agents are likely to have significant expense and some significant risk such that their appropriate selection for the individual patient will become increasingly important. A question that arises is whether in-vivo coronary plaque assessment can appropriately select high-risk patients for this therapy and monitor treatment response. In the article “Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives”, Koskinas et al. [7] reviewed intracoronary imaging modalities for the evaluation of plaque burden and morphology. The authors conclude that while there is currently insufficient data to demonstrate the impact of plaque regression or stabilization on reducing coronary events, in-vivo plaque evaluation may ultimately help identify high-risk patients who will benefit from novel aggressive anti-atherosclerotic therapy. They summarize current evidence of coronary plaque regression and stabilization with intensive anti-atherosclerotic therapy using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography, and near infrared spectroscopy. These intracoronary imaging modalities have allowed investigators to quantify plaque burden, characterize high-risk plaque, and assess plaque responses to therapy. The authors note atheroma volume, fibrous cap thickness, arterial remodeling, lipid pool/necrotic core, and macrophage accumulation to be important characteristics. However, catheter-based intracoronary imaging has demonstrated only modest changes with anti-atherosclerotic therapy, as detailed by the authors. Hybrid noninvasive coronary plaque imaging may be needed to help us understand the discordance between the substantial clinical impact of statins vs their modest plaque regression and minor changes in plaque morphology. Advances in noninvasive coronary plaque imaging may bridge this knowledge gap, as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) can also evaluate plaque burden and/or high-risk plaque morphology, although each has its limitations (Table). Table Comparison of CT, MRI, and PET for assessment of coronary plaque morphology and composition.
Polyestimate: a library for near-instantaneous surface code analysis

The surface code is highly practical, enabling arbitrarily reliable quantum computation given a 2-D nearest-neighbor coupled array of qubits with gate error rates below approximately 1%. We describe an open source library, Polyestimate, enabling a user with no knowledge of the surface code to specify realistic physical quantum gate error models and obtain logical error rate estimates. Functions allowing the user to specify simple depolarizing error rates for each gate have also been included. Every effort has been made to make this library user-friendly. Polyestimate provides data essentially instantaneously that previously required hundreds to thousands of hours of simulation, statements which we discuss and make precise. This advance has been made possible through careful analysis of the error structure of the surface code and extensive pre-simulation.
Taking off the Blinders: A Comparative Study of University Students’ Changing Perceptions of Gender Discrimination in the Workplace From 2006 to 2013

As evidenced by recent legislation and various forms of media attention, eradicating gender inequity in the workforce is of significant importance today. However, this interest in justice stands in...
The spatial and temporal distribution of breeding female Montezuma oropendolas: effects on male mating strategies

In a Costa Rican population of Montezuma Oropendolas (Psarocolius montezuma), females nested in the dry season (January through May) and males did not help build nests or behave parentally. The length of the nesting period, from nest initiation to fledging, was relatively long (ca. 2.5 months). Approximately one-third of all nests fledged young. Between 19 and 32% of nests fell out of colony trees before fledging, and most of these fell during periods of heavy rain. Females bred colonially, with up to 130 nests (median = 24) in a single tree. In addition, nests were clustered within colony trees: several nests were often built together on a single limb. This behavior appears to be costly, as the clustering of nests caused limbs to break, contributing to the high rate of nest loss. The degree of nesting synchrony was low among nest clusters within the colony, but relatively high within clusters. The overall degree of breeding synchrony within an oropendola colony (SD of nestlining date = 13-25 days) was lower than reported for most monogamous colonial birds, but similar to that reported for other polygynous colonial species. Breeding synchrony within but not among nesting clusters appears to increase the ability of high-ranking male oropendolas to defend or court multiple females.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars VI: New Species of and Morphological Notes on Psychotria subg. Psychotria (Psychotrieae) from Mesoamerica and Western South America

Eight new Neotropical species of Psychotria subg. Psychotria are described and illustrated here: P cerrocoloradensis of western Panama and P matagalpensis of northern Nicaragua have both previously been confused with P sylvivaga Standley and P chiriquina Standley; P cornejoi of western Ecuador has been previously confused with P trivialis Rusby; P jefensis of Costa Rica and Panama and P orosioides of Costa Rica have both been previously confused with P orosiana Standley; P. lorenciana of southern Mexico and Guatemala has been variously confused with P grandis Swartz, P. Jiava Oersted ex Standley, and P costivenia Grisebach; and P romolerouxiana of Amazonian Ecuador and Peru and P sacciformis of lowland Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru have both previously been confused with P borjensis Kunth. The interpretations of stipule morphology and the arrangement of the flowers on the higher-order inflorescence axes as taxonomically informative characters have varied among previous authors and are re-evaluated here.