cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical spatial working memory and task-general brain activity in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism.

Background Altered behavioral performance and brain activation during spatial working memory (SWM) tasks have been demonstrated in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). It is possible that alterations in processing during SWM may be present prior to initiation of heavy alcohol use in adolescents with a family history of AUDs (family history positive [FHP]) and therefore represent a premorbid neural phenotype that could increase risk for developing an AUD. The goal of our study was to investigate group differences in brain activation during a SWM task between FHP adolescents and adolescents with no family history of AUDs (family history negative [FHN]), as well as examine the relationship between brain activation and individual differences in family history density (FHD) of AUDs. Methods Eighteen FHP and 16 gender and age-matched FHN participants completed a SWM and vigilance task while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Results There were no group differences in task performance. The FHN group demonstrated expected greater activation during the SWM than vigilance condition in the right middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas the FHP group demonstrated comparable brain activation for both the more demanding and simple task conditions. Additionally, FHD was associated with greater activation of the right superior parietal cortex and less activation of the right cerebellum during the SWM task, but not during the vigilance task. Conclusions Results suggest FHP adolescents demonstrate alterations in activation of prefrontal regions that are related more generally to the maintenance of top-down cognitive control and alterations in parietal and cerebellar regions that are specific to SWM. Alterations in top-down cognitive control may be a general risk factor for FHP adolescents, whereas SWM-specific alterations are seen as a function of family history loading.
Luminescence spectra of Cr(III)-glycine complexes

Abstract The reaction of Cr(III) with glycine yields four products, fac - and mer - Cr(gly) 3 , the dimeric species di-μ-hydroxotetragly cinatodichromium(III) and a series of complexes involving singly bonded glycinate ligands. 2 E → 4 A 2 (in 0 symmetry) luminescence spectra have been recorded for these species from 4 K to room temperature. The emission spectra are much more indicative of the type of complex being considered than are the corresponding absorption spectra. The concept of a weighted nephalauxetic effect is introduced to explain the energies of the emission in the various types of complexes. The monodentate gly cinate complexes are shown to be N bonded. The fac -Cr(gly) 3 species crystallized under different conditions with varying numbers of waters of hydration, the 2 E splitting being dependent on the degree of hydration.
The Impact of Guard Rings on Proton Radiation Effects in SiGe HBTs

The effects of proton radiation on SiGe HBTs with guard rings are investigated in this work. DC measurements on pre- and post-radiated devices show that different effects on the forward-mode and on the inverse-mode Gummel characteristics are observed due to the implementation of guard rings for SiGe HBTs. The inverse-mode Gummel plot shows a distinctive increase of emitter current after proton radiation, which has not been observed in any previous studies. SPICE Gummel-Poon models were extracted for both pre- and post-radiated devices. By analyzing the measured and simulated results, the parasitic substrate-collector junction diode associated with SiGe HBTs has been identified to be the source of the new phenomenon. It is believed that the radiation damages in the substrate-collector junction near the deep trench edges cause the increase of the emitter current observed in the inverse-mode Gummel plot
L-dopa infusion mode differentially affects corpus striatal dopamine efflux in the presence of reserpine.

In the present experiment we tested the effects of L-DOPA upon dopamine (DA) efflux in vitro from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments in medium containing reserpine. The purposes of this experiment were first, to evaluate the effects of differing infusion modes of L-DOPA upon DA efflux under conditions in which DA storage capacity has been diminished, and second, to compare this L-DOPA stimulated DA efflux with that of other putative DA secretagogues such as amphetamine and postassium. No differences were obtained in stimulated DA efflux between superfusions performed in the presence or absence of reserpine (10 μM) in the medium when L-DOPA (5 μM) was infused in a continuous (70 minute) mode during the superfusion. In contrast, a continuous infusion of either amphetamine (10 μM) or high potassium (30 mM) resulted in significantly greater stimulated DA efflux in superfusions performed with reserpine in the medium. In addition, when L-DOPA (5 μM) was administered for a brief 10-minute infusion period, a significantly greater stimulated DA efflux was obtained with superfusions containing reserpine in the medium. These results suggest that the mode of L-DOPA infusion may be an important factor in regulating DA release under conditions of diminished DA storage capacity.
Luminance of equally bright colors.

An analysis has been made of the Y values, or luminances, of 342 colored filters which had been previously matched in brightness by direct visual comparison. The CIE diagram was partitioned into 20 zones and the average luminance calculated for the colors in each zone. The results show regular shifts in the average luminance values over the CIE diagram. Supplementary experiments support the principal findings. In general, the data agree with other recent studies which show that, for colors of equal brightness, saturated colors require less luminance than desaturated ones. However, there is a reversal of this trend in the yellow area since the point of maximum luminance for a given brightness occurs there. The latter finding agrees closely with recent predictions by MacAdam based on his model of visually homogeneous color space.
Self-evaluation, Self-reinforcement, and Locus of Control.

Abstract Two verbal recognition memory tests were administered to 24 internals and 24 externals. Subjects were required to self-evaluate (SE) their responses on the first test and both SE and self-reinforce (SR) on the second. There were no internal-external differences in performance accuracy on either task, but internals gave themselves consistently higher self-evaluations, administered more positive SR and less negative SR. There were no differences in the criteria used by the two groups for SR. SR differences appeared to be a function of the differential SE. It was suggested that external locus of control could be viewed as a self-regulation deficit. Externals are hypothesized to be unable to evaluate their own behavior adequately in the absence of external input and therefore do not make effective use of self-reinforcement. Discussion also made reference to the process of self-regulation.
AN ITERATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR A PROPORTION

Under the criterion of the set inclusion, two-sided admissible 1 con- fidence intervals for the probability of success for a binomial random variable are constructed using a new iterative method that is based on a direct analysis of coverage probability. A refined Clopper-Pearson interval is derived and compared with the Blyth-Still-Casella interval, and is recommended for statistical practice due to its performance and accessibility. A generalization is provided to the case of a discrete sample space with a single parameter distribution. Some details and an R-code that computes the refined Clopper-Pearson interval are given in Supple- mentary Materials.
Employees’ perceived organizational instrumentality: an examination of the gender differences

The authors collected data from 295 randomly selected employees, four months after the company’s first labor union certification election. Results of separate multiple regression analyses suggested that job security, extrinsic job satisfaction, and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) were predictors of organizational instrumentality for both males and females. For men, the division where they work, low desire to change, and low consideration were related to their organizational instrumentality, whereas for women, low income, the Japanese management style, and the Protestant Work Ethic were related to their organizational instrumentality. Non‐professional men had a stronger belief that money represents their achievement than professional men. Professional women had a stronger interest in intrinsic job satisfaction than non‐professional women. Both male and female professionals valued Japanese management style. Results are discussed in light of managers’ efforts in satisfying employees’ needs and union leaders’ efforts in organizing their targets.
Classifying loss rates in broadband networks

Tasks such as admission control in ATM and predicting overload conditions in telephone networks require a function that specifies what conditions will result in loss rates exceeding a threshold, p/sup */. This paper considers the formal task of deriving such a classification function based on samples at different conditions. When the size of these samples is small relative to 1/p/sup */, previously proposed methods incorrectly classify conditions that surpass the threshold by orders of magnitude. This paper derives general conditions for consistent and robust classifiers and presents specific methods that meet these conditions. The paper analyzes the methods with respect to asymptotic and finite sample behaviour and the results are confirmed using simulated data.
Diagnosis of coronary stenosis by two-dimensional echographic study of dysfunction of ventricular segments during and immediately after pacing.

The adequacy of two-dimensional echocardiography during right atrial pacing for the detection and characterization of coronary artery stenosis was examined in 10 closed chest dogs. Pacing at successively higher rates up to 210 beats/min was carried out in the control state and again during a 70% left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis induced with intracoronary plugs. Left ventricular short-axis echographic cross sections were obtained at several levels of the left ventricle. After computer-aided standardized subdivision, contractile function of the global section and its subsegments was characterized by computed systolic fractional area change percent and wall thickening percent. Ventricular segments supplied from the site of the 70% coronary stenosis were delineated in a low papillary level cross section by a myocardial contrast echographic technique, and these segments demonstrated significant dysfunction during pacing at 150 to 210 beats/min. Echographic observation of the involved segments immediately after pacing revealed a maximal depression of function 5 seconds after pacing, equivalent to dysfunction at peak pacing, with function returning to control levels within about 2 minutes. Both maximal pacing and early postpacing studies facilitated satisfactory discrimination of ischemic from normally perfused myocardial segments. These experiments show that right atrial pacing study with quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography may serve to detect and assess a coronary stenosis associated with minor or no cardiac dysfunction in the rest state.
The knowledge of business intelligence

Summary form only given. Charge pumping (CP) is a well-known technique for electrical characterization of semiconductor-insulator interface traps. It has been proposed more than four decades ago and applies primarily to MOSFETs as it requires the switching of the device between inversion and accumulation. Until now, it has therefore been mainly used to study the Si-SiO 2 system and accompanied MOSFET scaling.
Learning From The Past and Planning For The Future: The Challenges Of And Solutions For Integrating Aging Into Doctoral Psychology Training

The long forecast “elder boom” has begun. Beginning in 2011, ten thousand members of the “baby boom” generation began turning 65 each day. This demographic shift in our society mandates that pre-doctoral programs in clinical psychology incorporate aging as an integral component of their core and elective training. While fully supporting the concept of broad and general training for predoctoral professional psychology programs, we maintain that the infusion of aging into doctoral psychology training curricula has been inadequate. In this manuscript we provide an overview of geropsychology training models and discuss the challenges involved in incorporating aging to the curriculum of pre-doctoral training in clinical psychology. Potential solutions and examples for accelerating infusion of aging knowledge base are discussed in the context of different geropsychology training models. We conclude that providing services to this rapidly growing segment of our population presents both an employment opportunity to broaden the reach of our profession as well as an ethical responsibility to train future professionals who will practice within their area of knowledge and expertise.
Application of cancer procoagulant as an early detection tumor marker

Background. In spite of many advances in the analytical reagents (antibodies), analytical systems, and the clinical application of tumor markers, the present markers do not detect early stage cancer. Preliminary data with an antigen specific to tumor tissue, cancer procoagulant (CP), suggest its possible role in the detection of early stage cancer. This study was aimed at determining the clinical use of CP as an early stage tumor marker. Methods. An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure CP concentration in serum. A panel of 817 blinded serum samples were examined from three groups of people: 573 cancer, 106 benign, and 139 normal. Results. The sensitivity of all samples analyzed from cancer patients was 80%. The CP ELISA was able to detect ovarian, colon, and kidney cancer at a sensitivity greater than 85%; breast, prostate and small cell lung cancer was detected at a sensitivity of 80-85%. Particularly interesting was the observation that early stage cancers, regardless of site, were detected effectively. In some groups, the CP assay correctly identified 100% of the patients with stage I and II cancer. The assay was able to identify correctly noncancer patient sera at a specificity of 83% for those with benign disease and 82% for the normal individuals. Conclusions. The CP assay has potential as an aid in diagnosing early stage malignancies and thereby may significantly improve the survival rate of cancer patients.
Antigenic relationships among fishes common to the Amazon River basin

Abstract o 1. Utilizing antisera to carp and trout hemoglobins, the hemoglobins of fish common to the Amazon River basin exhibited extensive cross reactions. 2. While no fish hemoglobin precipitated with antiserum to trout 4 (anodal omponent), many hemoglobins precipitated with either antisera to trout 1 (cathodal component) or carp hemoglobins. 3. Several patterns of reactivity could be described among the polydisperse hemoglobins of various species, which were analyzed by the electrophoretic separation of the components and an assessment of the ability of individual components to react with the two types of antisera. 4. Most striking was the different reactivity noted amongst the catfishes where the hemoglobinsof air-breathing catfishes reacted more strongly with anti-trout 1 serum than with anti-carp serum, while the hemoglobins of the water-breathing catfishes behaved in reciprocal fashion.
Picturing Afghan Women A Content Analysis of AP Wire Photographs During the Taliban Regime and after the Fall of the Taliban Regime

This study content analyzes the depiction of Afghan women in AP (Associated Press) photographs during the Taliban regime and after the fall of the Taliban regime. Analysis is based on visual subord...
Fire frequency and soil enzyme activity in southern Ohio oak–hickory forests

Abstract As part of a larger study of the efficacy of prescribed fire for restoration of structure and function in deciduous forests subjected to fire suppression and chronic atmospheric deposition, this study examined the effects of annual and periodic fire on soil organic C and the activity rates of four soil enzymes (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, chitinase, and phenol oxidase) over a 5-year period. Two study areas in southern Ohio were divided into watershed-scale treatment units of 90–120 ha. One unit in each site was burned annually between 1996 and 1999, a second burned periodically (1996 and 1999) and a third left as an unburned control. Relative to the unburned control, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities decreased in the burned plots, by 15–50% and 5–50%, respectively. Phenol oxidase activity increased 20–80% following burning, depending on site. Chitinase activity changed little. Taken together these changes indicate a shift in these ecosystems back to a condition characterized by relatively slow nutrient recycling, low microbial activity and recalcitrant organic matter, much like what is believed to have existed prior to a century of atmospheric deposition and fire suppression. These results suggest that prescribed fire can be a significant aid in restoring mixed oak forests to pre-settlement conditions.
Predictive value of HIV-1 viral load on risk for opportunistic infection.

Objective: The relationship between HIV-1 viral load and the risk for opportunistic infection (OI) was examined in Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (AACTG) 722. a virology substudy of AACTG 323: a phase 4 randomized study designed to examine the use of chronic suppressive versus episodic fluconazole therapy. Methods: The primary analysis used a case-control sampling scheme with two controls per case (subjects that developed an OI) matched by gender, age, and time on study. Forty-five cases and matched controls were identified and used in the analysis. Results: Study 722 accrued 518 subjects between 5/97 and 11/99. Forty-five subjects developed serious Ols or refractory candidiasis. Median baseline CD4 count was 24 cell/mm 3 for cases and 46 for controls (p = .003). Median viral load (VL) was 5.02 loge 10 copies/mL for cases and 4.08 for controls (p = ,002). Multivariate analysis found four independent variables associated with time to OI: baseline VL and CD4 (RR = 2.2 per log increment and 6.0 per 50-cell increment, respectively), a one log increase in VL at any time (RR = 15), and history of an OI (RR = 5.2). Conclusions: VL and changes in VL were independently associated with risk of development of OIs in a prospective study and should be considered by clinicians when assessing patients for risk of OI.
Old and new protein in the formation of the mitotic apparatus in cleaving sea urchin eggs.

Abstract The contribution of newly synthesized cell protein to the structural proteins of the mitotic apparatus during the first cell division of sea urchin eggs was investigated. Addition of puromycin 30 minutes after fertilization reduced amino acid incorporation during the remainder of the cell cycle by more than 75%, yet the eggs undergo mitosis at 100 minutes post-fertilization. If puromycin is present from the time of fertilization, DNA replication for the ensuing mitosis occurs, but mitosis itself is prevented. Amino acid incorporation into purified, solubilized mitotic apparatus is equal to, or only slightly greater than, incorporation into bulk cell protein. About 15% of the mitotic apparatus is insoluble in salt solutions and is apparently made at much faster rates than the bulk cell protein. It is concluded that synthesis of solubilized structural mitotic apparatus protein does not represent a heavy investment of the protein synthesis of the cell prior to the first cell division. Synthesis of catalytic components necessary for mitosis may, however, be important.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in an immunocompetent patient following cardiac surgery.

Objectives: We determined which of the 22 blood components obtained from unrelated donors and transfused to an apparently immunocompetent patient following open heart surgery caused
Assessing the Contribution of Attitudinal Variables in International Models of Food Consumption

Abstract This study compares the predictive ability of attitudinal variables with that of demographic variables in an international context. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the contribution of attitudinal variables to five models of food purchase behavior in urban China is evaluated. The results of the study indicate that, in some circumstances, multinational firms might opt to omit attitudinal measures in international consumer studies. Analysis of variance techniques are then used to examine the relationship between key demographic variables and food purchase behaviors.
Oxidation of Pt(1 1 1) by gas-phase oxygen atoms

Abstract The oxidation of Pt(1 1 1) by gas-phase oxygen atoms was investigated in ultrahigh vacuum using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Atomic oxygen coverages as high as 2.9 ML (monolayers) could be generated on Pt(1 1 1) using an atomic oxygen beam, and both the adsorption of oxygen atoms and the progression of surface oxygen phases with increasing atomic oxygen coverage are found to be relatively insensitive to the surface temperature over the range from 250 to 450 K. The results show that oxidation involves the development of a chemisorbed layer for oxygen coverages up to about 0.75 ML, and that the average binding energy of an oxygen atom chemisorbed on Pt(1 1 1) decreases significantly (∼100 kJ/mol) with increasing oxygen coverage, in agreement with previous observations [D.H. Parker, M.E. Bartram, B.E. Koel, Surf. Sci. 217 (1989) 489, N.A. Saliba, Y.-L. Tsai, C. Panja, B.E. Koel, Surf. Sci. 419 (1999) 79]. Long-range order in the chemisorbed layer generally diminishes as the oxygen coverage increases above the 0.25 ML saturation coverage of the p(2 × 2) layer, though the persistence of a (2 × 2) LEED pattern up to about 0.50 ML is consistent with the formation of domains of a new, high-density ordered phase. Disordering within the chemisorbed layer becomes more pronounced with continued atomic oxygen adsorption to coverages greater than 0.50 ML. Distinct features in the O2 thermal desorption traces at 650 K and 560 K are attributed to the desorption of oxygen from a high-density ordered phase and disordered domains, respectively, which suggests that the binding energy is lowest for oxygen atoms chemisorbed in the disordered domains. Increasing the atomic oxygen coverage above approximately 0.75 ML is shown to result in the growth of Pt oxide particles and disordering of the Pt surface. Decomposition of the Pt oxide particles produces explosive desorption of O2 that is characterized by a shift of the desorption peak to higher temperature and a dramatic increase in the maximum desorption rate with increasing oxygen coverage. The main characteristics of the explosive desorption are well reproduced by a kinetic model in which oxygen atoms are assumed to migrate from oxide domains onto regions of the surface containing chemisorbed oxygen atoms, and with oxygen atoms desorbing only from the chemisorbed layer. The implication of this mechanism is that Pt oxide is more thermodynamically favorable than high concentrations of chemisorbed oxygen atoms on Pt(1 1 1), and hence that the growth of Pt oxide on Pt(1 1 1) is kinetically limited.
Mating type distribution and fertility status in Magnaporthe grisea populations from turfgrasses in Georgia

ABSTRACT Populations of Magnaporthe grisea associated with tall fescue and St. Augustinegrass in Georgia were analyzed for mating type distribution and fertility status in 1999 and 2000. A polymera...
Revisiting the contact hypothesis: The case of public exposure to homelessness

Using data from a national survey of public attitudes toward homeless people, this paper evaluates the applicability of the contact hypothesis to in-group/out-group relations that fail to meet the optimal conditions specified in the contact literature. Past efforts are extended by (1) moving beyond face-to-face encounters to consider multiple types of ingroup exposure to a highly stigmatized out-group, (2) examining a variety of attitudinal outcomes, and (3) incorporating community context as a possible antecedent of such outcomes. Even after taking selection and social desirability processes into account, all types of exposure are found to affect public attitudes in the predicted (favorable) direction. Moreover, the size of the local homeless population—our primary measure of context-shapes opportunities for most forms of exposure and thus influences attitudes indirectly. These findings suggest that the scope of the contact hypothesis needs to be widened rather than narrowed.
Effects of Methylphenidate on Reward Strength in Boys with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective To test the hypothesis that methylphenidate reduces thresholds for reward in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method A double-blind crossover design was used in which 16 ADHD boys, aged 8 to 13 years, received methylphenidate on one testing occasion and placebo on another. On each occasion, subjects performed a task that required progressively greater numbers of button presses to earn a fixed monetary payoff. Results The "breaking point" above which the hyperactive child was unwilling to continue with the task was significantly higher during drug than placebo trials. Conclusions The results support an assumption that underlies the reward system dysfunction hypothesis of ADHD, and they suggest that reward mechanisms may underlie the therapeutic effects of stimulants observed across a wide range of tasks and settings. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1995, 34, 7:897–901.
Team formation methods for increasing interaction during in-class group work

In contrast to the student teams used for larger and longer group projects, in-class groups are often ephemeral, lasting for only a few minutes or until the end of the period. Because of this, little effort is put into forming these groups, usually letting the students self-select their teams. This paper argues that greater student interaction and learning can take place by usinginstructor-selected teams. Two group formation techniques for in-class group work, the latent jigsaw method and grouping students by Felder-Silverman learning styles, are presented. Observations from a classroom deployment of these techniques are also described.
A DSC study of the phase transition in potassium thiocyanate

Abstract The phase transition that occurs at 413 K in potassium thiocyanate has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The transition was found to be reversible and the apparent Δ H value is dependent on heating/cooling rate. The transition displays a thermal hysteresis that also depends on rate of heating and cooling.
The cytosolic glycoprotein FP21 of Dictyostelium discoideum is encoded by two genes resulting in a polymorphism at a single amino acid position

FP21 is a glycoprotein within the cytosolic compartment of Dictyostelium which carries an unusual carbohydrate modification(s) including the sugars fucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. The soluble pool of FP21 from crude extracts resolves chromatographically into two fractions that differ in their glycosylation. Previous gene-mapping studies indicating the existence of two loci suggested that the FP21 fractions might be encoded by different genes. To address this issue, the two genes were cloned and sequenced, leading to the prediction that the protein products would differ by only a single amino acid, Ser or Ala, at codon 39. Protein sequence data on CNBr fragments of purified FP21 showed that both gene products are found in both fractions of the soluble pool. After further purification, the two fractions were no longer chromatographically resolvable, and there was no evidence for charge heterogeneity as determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis of whole cells. Thus, the initial separation of the different soluble subpopulations of this protein appears to be due to distinct molecular complexes, possibly related to differential glycosylation, and is not the result of the genetically-encoded amino acid polymorphism.
The Impact of Behavioral Couple Therapy on Attachment in Distressed Couples

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT; Greenberg & Johnson, Emotionally focused therapy for couples. New York: Guilford Press) is anchored in attachment theory (Johnson, 2003 Attachment processes in couples and families. New York: Guilford) and considers change in attachment schemas essential in the process of improving satisfaction in relationships (Johnson, 1999, Research and couples therapy: Where do we go from here? American Family Therapy Academy Newsletter). However, there are little data on how measures of attachment change over the course of EFT or any other couple therapy. The current study examines whether increases in attachment security predict improvements in marital satisfaction during behavioral couple therapy, which would suggest that change in attachment style is a key process variable even for a non-attachment-focused treatment. Multilevel models of data from 134 couples participating in a randomized clinical trial of integrative behavioral couple therapy and traditional behavioral couple therapy (Christensen et al. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 2004, 176) indicate that although there is a trend for early change in attachment-related anxiety and avoidance to predict later change in marital satisfaction, early change in marital satisfaction strongly predicts change in attachment-related anxiety through the end of treatment and 2-year follow-up. These findings suggest that changes in satisfaction may lead to changes in attachment rather than the reverse and that change in attachment may not be the mechanism of change in all efficacious couple therapy.
Cardiovascular manifestations of endocrine dysfunction.

c f ENDOCRINOPATHIES may have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system. The effects may be humoral or structural and may contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. This article examines and specifically focuses on the cardiovascular manifestations of thyroid dysfunction, acromegaly, pheochromocytomas, neuroendocrine tumors, and adrenal cortical dysfunction in addition to the cardiovascular effects of exogenously administered androgenic anabolic steroids. Diabetes mellitus, which has been covered extensively elsewhere, is not included in this review. For discussion of the cardiovascular manifestations of that condition, as well as for general information regarding the perioperative management of patients with endocrine diseases, the reader is referred to standard reference texts and general literature reviews.1,2
Influences of Dentinal Fluids on Experimental Caries

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA INFLUENTIA DE LIQUIDOS DENTINAL SUPER CARIE EXPERIMENTAL.—Con le objectivo de testar le hypothese que dentes nonvital es resistente contra carie, pulpa coronal esseva oblitterate con oxydo de zinc a eugenol o con un pasta aquee de osso inorganic in un prime dente molar superior e un inferior de rattos. Post que le rattos habeva recipite un dieta cariogene durante 100 dies, un comparation esseva effectuate inter le carie in dentes tractate de maniera a crear le equivalentia de dentes sin pulpa e le carie in dentes vital. Esseva constatate significative declinos in le incidentia e etiam le severitate del carie in le dentes tractate.
Rasch Analysis of the Geriatric Depression Scale–Short Form

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine scale dimensionality, reliability, invariance, targeting, continuity, cutoff scores, and diagnostic use of the Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form (GDSSF) over time with a sample of 177 English-speaking U.S. elders. Design and Methods: An item response theory, Rasch analysis, was conducted with data from a larger study that implemented 3 interventions and collected data at 3 time points (prior to intervention, after intervention, and a year following the end of intervention). Results: A unidimensional structure was found in this study to adequately fi t the data. There appears to be signifi cant differential item functioning, with up to one third of the items indicating that the items have different meanings for different groups of participants. As a screening tool, the GDS-SF is more likely to discriminate between older adults who have a “ moderate ” level of depression than between those with mild depression and no diagnosed depression. Implications: We would recommend that the GDS-SF not be used as the sole method of screening for depression but incorporated into other clinical knowledge related to the geriatric patient in question, given that not all items are equally functional. The GDS-SF may be less effective as a screening tool but could be better used to detect a change in moderate levels of depression. Clinicians may also benefi t by identifying person responses that misfi t. If an individual provides responses that are atypical, the person might be referred to provide a more in-depth assessment of mental health status.
Inhibitory effects of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor CI-1040 on the proliferation and tumor growth of thyroid cancer cells with BRAF or RAS mutations

Context: Targeting MAPK kinase (MEK) in the MAPK pathway is a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate genotype-dependent therapeutic potential of the MEK inhibitor CI-1040 for thyroid cancer. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of CI-1040 on proliferation, apoptosis, transformation, thyroid gene reexpression, and xenograft tumor growth with respect to genotypes in 10 thyroid tumor cell lines. Results: Cell proliferation was potently inhibited by CI-1040 in cells harboring BRAF or RAS mutations but not in cells harboring RET/PTC rearrangement or wild-type alleles. For example, the IC50 values for BRAF mutation-harboring KAT10 cells and DRO cells and H-RAS mutation-harboring C643 cells were 0.365, 0.031, and 0.429 μm, respectively, whereas the IC50 values for RET/PTC1-harboring TPC1 cells and the wild-type MRO and WRO cells were 44, 46, and 278 μm, respectively. Proapoptotic effect of CI-1040 was seen in DRO cells, and ...
Panel: Integrating Systems Engineering into Engineering Curricula through Capstone Projects

With funding from the Department of Defense, a research effort is underway to understand the methods through which systems engineering learning and career interest may be increased among undergraduate and graduate engineering students. This research is being conducted in the context of 14 “capstone” projects, in most cases as an integrative culminating, project-based course, and in one case involving an entire SE graduate curriculum, involving teams of students working together on the development of a product or prototype that addresses a real Department of Defense need. Implemented as pilot projects in eight civilian and six military universities, these 14 institutions are piloting methods, materials, and approaches to create new courses, enhance existing courses, and adapt curricula, to embed, infuse, and augment systems engineering knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors, as defined by the SPRDE-SE/PSE Competency Model. This session will present an overview of the overall Systems Engineering Capstone research and findings to date, along with an overview and discussion of three different approaches to course design and preliminary student impacts.
What do patients want from acute migraine treatment

Clinical observations have shown that migraine is a progressive disorder, both within an acute attack, and within the disease itself. Rates of diagnosis for migraine have increased in the last decade, but more than half of migraineurs remain undiagnosed. Patient expectations of migraine therapies have also increased (patients require rapid and sustained pain relief with a treatment that has good tolerability), and can differ greatly from those of physicians. Management decisions should be made with these expectations in mind, to enhance patient outcomes and compliance with treatment. Improved understanding of acute migraine attack pathophysiology has led to the strategy of early treatment to modify both the progression of the current attack and, potentially, the progression of the disease itself in the individual. The triptans are effective acute migraine therapies. Each agent has its own distinct profile of efficacy and tolerability, enabling individualization of treatment.
Deriving Vegetation Phenological Time and Trajectory Information Over Africa Using SEVIRI Daily LAI

Vegetation phenology is closely connected to the terrestrial carbon budget, and interacts with the atmosphere through surface water and energy exchange. A comprehensive and detailed characterization of the spatio-temporal pattern of vegetation phenology can be used to improve the understanding of interactions between vegetation and climate in Africa. This research provides an approach to derive phenology time and trajectory parameters by optimally fitting a double-logistic curve to daily remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) from the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager. The proposed algorithm can reconstruct the temporal LAI trajectory based on the optimized parameters with a high accuracy, and provides user-defined phenological timing information (e.g., start/end of the growing season) and trajectory information (e.g., leaf emergence/senescence rate and length) using these fitted parameters. Both single and double growing-season cases have been considered with a spatial classification scheme implemented over Africa. The newly derived vegetation phenology of Africa exhibits emerging spatial patterns in growing season length, asymmetric green-up and green-off length/rate, and distinctive phenological features of cropland and natural vegetation. This approach has the potential to be applied globally, and the derived vegetation phenological information will improve dynamic vegetation modeling and climate prediction.
Editorial: Thoughts on Improving the Quality of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Pediatric Psychology: Writing a Convincing Introduction

I want to share with you some observations and ‘‘things I would like to see’’ in submitted manuscripts that are based on my experience over the last two years as incoming editor of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP), previous experience in editing and providing reviews, and feedback from JPP’s associate editors. The second in a series of editorials, this one focuses on suggestions to enhance the quality of an introduction to a manuscript. My hope is that this will be useful to authors as well as reviewers in evaluating the quality of manuscripts. Authors face a formidable challenge in crafting a convincing introduction. In a few pages authors need to clarify the relevance of their research to the field of pediatric psychology, specify the focus, primary question, hypotheses, and framework, and establish the significance and new scientific contribution of their work relative to previous research.
The United Nations as a Vehicle for Dialogue

The United Nations (UN) proclaimed 2001 as the Year of Dialogue among Civilizations in an effort to examine how confrontation and hostility in world politics could be replaced by discourse and understanding. However, in the midst of this process the world was witness to the tragic events of September 11, 2001. Since terrorism represents the antithesis to dialogue, the UN's discussion of these issues became more urgent and focused. Two major documents were produced, but they do not explore adequately the United Nations’ potential role in regard to building dialogue. This article begins this undertaking by considering the UN as a forum for debate where different peoples of the world meet and as a catalyst for an ongoing process of interaction and change. In other words, serious thinking about the UN's role as a vehicle for dialogue requires appreciating both its passive and dynamic characteristics and functions.
Pruning-based, energy-optimal, deterministic I/O device scheduling for hard real-time systems

Software-controlled (or dynamic) power management (DPM) in embedded systems has emerged as an attractive alternative to inflexible hardware solutions. However, DPM via I/O device scheduling for hard real-time systems has received relatively little attention. In this paper, we present an offline I/O device scheduling algorithm called energy-optimal device scheduler (EDS). For a given set of jobs, it determines the start time of each job such that the energy consumption of the I/O devices is minimized. EDS also ensures that no real-time constraint is violated. The device schedules are provably energy optimal under hard real-time job deadlines. Temporal and energy-based pruning are used to reduce the search space significantly. Since the I/O device scheduling problem is NP-complete, we also describe a heuristic called maximum device overlap (MDO) to generate near-optimal solutions in polynomial time. We present experimental results to show that EDS and MDO reduce the energy consumption of I/O devices significantly for hard real-time systems.
Parallel Decomposition of 3D Surfaces in Images of Local Descriptors for Molecular Screening

An emerging application field for structure matching is related to in silico studies of molecular biology. Considering that protein function is mainly related to its external morphology, the possibility to match macromolecular surfaces is very important to infer information about the possible interaction and function of biological components. Most of the present approaches aim to match complete objects and they exploit a complete 3D representations of them. These aspects do not suit well with the local formulation of the matching issue in the biological application domain. The problem is that the shapes of macromolecules that are experimentally known to dock cannot present high similarities except in small important functional regions. This is the reason why we chose to adapt a well known image based method, originally studied for matching similar structures, for screening possible interactions of couples of macromolecule. In this context the proposed work presents a parallel algorithm able to efficiently decompose high detailed 3D surfaces into a proper set of images to use for the macromolecular screening.
The Effects of an Intensive Shared Book-Reading Intervention for Preschool Children at Risk for Vocabulary Delay

This study examined the effects of an intensive shared book-reading intervention on the vocabulary development of preschool children who were at risk for vocabulary delay. The participants were 125 children, who the researchers stratified by classroom and randomly assigned to one of two shared book-reading conditions (i.e., the experimental, Words of Oral Reading and Language Development [WORLD] intervention; or typical practice). Results on researcher-developed measures showed statistically and practically significant effects for the WORLD intervention with no differential effects for children with higher versus lower entry-level vocabulary knowledge. The researchers detected no statistically significant differences on standardized measures. Results suggest that a combination of instructional factors may be necessary to enhance the efficacy of shared book reading for children with early vocabulary difficulties.
Lower limb muscle activity during forefoot and rearfoot strike running techniques.

Purpose/Background: Distance running offers a method to improve fitness but also has a risk of lower limb overuse injuries. Foot strike technique has been suggested as a method to alter loading of the lower limb and possibly minimize injury risk. However, there is a dearth of information regarding neuromuscular response to variations in running techniques. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the EMG activity that occurs during FFS running and RFS running, focusing on the biceps femoris, semitendenosis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, tibialis anterior (TA), medial head of gastrocnemeus (MGas), lateral head of gastrocnemius (LGas), and soleus.
Development, Conversion, and Religious Education

In this article I address two intersecting and recurring debates that occur in discussions of religious education. The first issue has to do with the role of conversion in religious development. The second issue regards various educational philosophies and the priority they set on “content” or “process” in learning. After reviewing these debates I delineate the way in which I believe they intersect. By pointing out that development involves both “heritage” and “achievement” I clarify the relationship between conversion and development. Conversion involves both a transformation of the tradition one has inherited and the choosing of a direction for one's religious journey. Authentic religious education involves a healthy balance of tradition (content) and open-ended questioning (process). At the same time it must allow for the occurrence of conversion, a radical shift from inauthenticity, that may be startling and challenging to the educator, the educational system, and the tradition itself.
New massively parallel linear-response coupled-cluster module in ACES III: application to static polarisabilities of closed-shell molecules and oligomers and of open-shell radicals

ABSTRACTStemming from our implementation of parallel coupled-cluster (CC) capabilities for electron spin resonance properties [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 174103 (2013)], we present a new massively parallel linear response CC module within ACES III. Unlike alternative parallel CC modules, this general purpose module evaluates any type of first- and second-order CC properties of both closed- and open-shell molecules employing restricted, unrestricted and restricted-open-shell Hartree–Fock (HF) references. We demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of this module through the calculation of static polarisabilities of large molecules. Closed-shell calculations are performed at the following levels: second-order many-body perturbation theory [MBPT(2)], CC with single- and double-excitations (CCSD), coupled-perturbed HF and density functional theory (DFT), and open-shell calculations at the unrestricted CCSD (UCSSD) one. Applications involve eight closed-shell organic-chemistry molecules (Set I), the first four members...
Block Copolymer Self-Assembly at Surfaces: Structure and Properties

The adsorption behavior of copolymers is naturally richer than that of polymers containing only a single kind of segment since more than one kind of affinity can be built into different parts of the same macromolecule. The interfacial activity of such polymers can be enhanced and manipulated by incorporating segments tailored to interact in some specific way with each of the contacting phases. Architecture of the copolymer plays an important role since it influences the configuration adopted by the molecule at the interface.
Effect of short-term cyclic stretch on sodium pump activity in aortic smooth muscle cells.

We previously demonstrated that expression of both the α1- and α2-subunits of Na+-K+-ATPase is elevated after a 2- to 4-day cyclic stretch in aortic smooth muscle cells. In this study, we determine...
Optical Technologies for High Speed Signal Communications in High Performance Servers

Optics is a key technology for continued improvements in server performance. Substantial improvements in bitrate, packaging density, and costs of the optics for each server generation are required. Requirements, prospects, and future technologies are reviewed.