cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of the semi-conductive behavior of the passive film on carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution under stress

Purpose – This paper aims to clarify the semi-conductive behavior of the passive layer formed in concrete environment without and with presence of chloride ions under different loading conditions. Passivation and depassivation of steel play an essential role in the subsequent stages of the corrosion process. Due to the nature of passive films on metals, they show electrochemical properties of a semi-conductor. Design/methodology/approach – A C-ring model was proposed in this experiment to induce stress on the specimens. Specimens under different levels of compressive and tensile loadings were exposed to chloride-free and chloride-contaminated solutions and their semi-conductive behavior was investigated using Mott–Schottky technique. Findings – Irrespective of the type and magnitude of the applied load, the passive film on rebars in simulated concrete pore solution is a highly disordered n-type semi-conductor. In all specimens, the presence of chloride ions decreases the slope of the Mott-Schottky plots, ...
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in anorexia nervosa.

Objective Our objective is to determine whether quetiapine was superior to placebo in increasing weight or reducing core symptoms of anorexia nervosa as assessed by the Yale–Brown–Cornell Eating Disorder Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Method Participants were randomised to 8 weeks of quetiapine or placebo. Results There are 21 participants who signed informed consent, 15 were randomised, 14 returned for at least one visit after receiving drug and 10 completed the study. There were no differences between drug and placebo in questionnaire scores, weight or measures of anxiety or depression. Discussion There was no difference between quetiapine and placebo on weight gain or core symptoms. Small effect sizes suggest that a higher number of participants would not increase significant differences between groups. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of the magnesium oxide B 1 Σ + –A 1 Π system

Excitation scans of the MgO B1Σ+–A1Π transition were made in a seeded acetylene–air flame. The combustion of magnesium in oxygen and carbon dioxide is well known and is of significant interest for fire safety, solid propellant applications, and recently for use as an in situ resource propellant for planetary exploration of Mars. This spectroscopic study expands the available data on this electronic transition, particularly data at high rotational states that are lacking in the literature. Rotational parameters of the v = 0, 1, and 2 states of B1Σ+ are derived.
Testing for Creative Potential

Revue critique des moyens d'evaluation de la creativite et des qualites psychometriques de ces instruments
Dissociation of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortices

In this paper we discuss how Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortices can act as impurities that seed first-order phase transitions. The seeding mechanism comes about through dissociation of what is normally considered to be topologically stable defects. We discuss the conditions necessary for dissociation in which the core, which contains the seed of stable phase, becomes unstable and grows radially, converting the system from a metastable phase to a stable phase. We also discuss some peculiar characteristics of vortices in superfluid /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He and the vortex dissociation that occurs when the /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He phase separates at low temperatures.
Precursor directed biosynthesis of novel 6-deoxyerythronolide B analogs containing non-natural oxygen substituents and reactive functionalities

Abstract Feeding of synthetic precursors to a blocked mutant of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) [1] led to production of novel 6-deoxyerythronolide B analogs in vivo containing additional non-natural oxygen substituents as well as additional reactive groups.
Temperature dependence of positron annihilation lifetime spectra for polyethylene: positron irradiation effects

Abstract Lifetime spectra for linear and branched polyethylene have been measured as a function of temperature. The longest lifetime, τ 3 , and its intensity, I 3 , are traced over a temperature range of 105–370 K. The lifetime decreases with decreasing temperature, and upon reheating the plot is retraced. I 3 has a minimum near 265 K with considerable hysteresis in the cooling/heating cycle. At the lower temperatures the increase in I 3 is attributed to source irradiation.
Timing of esophageal stent placement and outcomes in patients with esophageal perforation: a single-center experience

Endoscopic treatment for esophageal perforation with stenting is an alternative to surgery. There is no data on the impact of timing of esophageal stent placement and outcomes in patients with esophageal perforation. To determine the significance of timing of esophageal stent placement on short-term (30-day complications) and long-term clinical outcomes of patients with esophageal perforation. Patients with esophageal perforations who underwent endoscopic treatment with stenting from 2007 to 2012 at the Cleveland Clinic were included for the study. Main outcomes measurements were impact of time to esophageal stent placement on 30-day complications and long-term outcomes. A total of 20 patients (males 40 % and females 60 %) were included. Mean age was 72.5 ± 10 years. The most common etiology for perforation was iatrogenic after endoscopy procedure in 10 (50 %) patients. The stent was in place for a median of 24.6 days in our cohort. Eight patients (40 %) had stent placement within 24 h, while the remaining 12 patients (60 %) had stent placement after 24 h. The mortality rate due to perforation related causes was 10 % (2/20) in our study. The 30-day complication rate was 10 %; 1 with stent migration and the other with chest pain. The 30-day readmission rates excluding patients who died during the initial hospitalization were 10 %. On long-term follow-up, 30 % complication rates were encountered; 3 (15 %) stent migrations, 2 (10 %) patients presented with hematemesis, and 1 (5 %) with chest pain. The timing of stent placement (within 24 h or later) did not impact the risk of complications (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.13, 95 % confidence interval 0.1–8.9, P = 0.91). Endoscopic stent placement is safe and effective for treating esophageal perforations. However, the timing of stent placement on outcomes remains unclear.
Abstract 1323: Liver-specific knockout mice and liver-derived cell lines provide insights into potential roles for the GP73/GOLM1 HCC serum biomarker - association with sustained cell proliferation

Golgi Protein-73kDa (GP73/GOLM1) is a resident cis Golgi Type II membrane protein that is nearly undetectable in normal liver, but whose expression is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whose circulating levels increase in the plasma of patients with chronic liver disease and HCC. As such, it is the subject of ongoing clinical trials investigating its use as a serum biomarker for HCC. GP73/GOLM1 is cleaved by a proprotein convertase and secreted by proliferating cells, an activity possibly elevated in cancer, yet its biological role in the liver and in the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. In order to investigate possible biological roles for GP73/GOLM1, liver-specific knockout mice (C57BL/6) were generated using the Cre-loxP system, characterized by a “floxed” GOLM1 gene and Cre recombinase driven by the albumin promoter. GP73/GOLM1 Cre+/−genotypes were confirmed by PCR analysis. GP73/GOLM1Fl/Fl/Cre(+) animals showed no obvious biological phenotype compared to their Cre(-) littermates, and exhibited normal growth, behavior, and successful mating, suggesting that hepatic GP73/GOLM1 is not vital for normal physiological function, as might be hypothesized from its normally low expression in the liver. Previous studies indicated that GP73/GOLM1 expression was not upregulated in post-hepatectomy liver regeneration, suggesting that its activated expression in the liver is linked to inflammatory or carcinogenic processes rather than transiently increased mitosis. Examination of GP73/GOLM1 expression in 14 human HCC cell lines revealed similar expression levels in epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines, and in an SV40-transformed nontumorigenic human liver epithelial cell line. Rodent in vitro models of hepatocellular transformation revealed equal GP73/GOLM1 expression levels in nontumorigenic parent cell lines and their transformed tumorigenic derivatives. Collectively, the data from the in vivo and in vitro models thus far do not support a direct association of GP73/GOLM1 expression with liver mitogenesis or differentiation, but rather suggest that its expression may be linked to a sustained commitment to cell proliferation - such as occurs in cell lines, liver disease and cancerous transformation, promoted by an inflammatory microenvironment. Possible mechanistic roles for GP73/GOLM1 in HCC development and progression are currently being tested in carcinogenesis models with liver-specific knockout mice. A website on GP73/GOLM1 has also been established as a resource for the research community interested in the study of this protein. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1323. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1323
Odd-degree elements in the Morava K(n) cohomology of finite groups

Abstract For each odd prime p , we construct a finite group P such that K(n) ∗ (BP) has nontrivial odd-degree elements for all n≥2 .
Regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with protease-inhibitor treatment in patients with AIDS

Purpose To report the observation that antiretroviral therapy that includes a protease inhibitor can induce the regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis without requiring specific anticytomegalovirus drug therapy. Methods We examined the fundi of four patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were placed on highly active antiretroviral therapy consisting of two nucleoside analogs and a protease inhibitor. The combined medications resulted in increased CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and decreased load of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). A prospective evaluation of the effect of these medications on an active cytomegalovirus retinitis lesion was conducted in one patient. Retinal lesions were documented with fundus photography. Results None of these patients received specific anticytomegalovirus medications. The average baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 33 cells per μl (range, 4 to 88 cells per μl) and increased an average of 118.5 cells per μll (range, 66 to 185 cells per μl). Average baseline plasma HIV-1 viral loads (HIV-1-RNA copies per ml) decreased 1.46 log units (range, 0.65 to 2.93 log units). In one patient, posterior progression (border advancement toward the posterior pole) of a cytomegalovirus retinitis lesion decelerated over time and stopped. Three other patients on initial examination had areas of retinal scarring consistent with healed cytomegalovirus retinitis. Conclusions The addition of an HIV-1 protease inhibitor in the treatment of AIDS may lead to complete regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis without specific anticytomegalovirus medications. This effect may be related to reduced HIV-1 loads, a possible direct drug effect, an increase in CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, or other associated changes in immune status.
Increased sensitivity to injected 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibres preexposed to aldosterone.

1. A study has been made of the response to injected Gpp(NH)p of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux in barnacle muscle fibres preexposcd to aldosterone. 2. The response to injected Gpp(NH)p is not only greater in size than in unexposed fibres but also sustained. 3. Injection of MgCl2 following peak stimulation causes a partial reversal of the response. 4. Injection of ATPNa2 (and 5′-App(NH(p) leads to a sustained stimulatory response which is not significantly greater than that seen in unexposed fibres. 5. MgCl2 injection causes complete reversal of this response. 6. The response of preexposed fibres to injected CaCl2 in varying concentration and to injected cholera toxin is not significantly different from that seen in unexposed fibres. 7. This is also true of Gpp(NH)p when it is injected after peak stimulation by cholera toxin. 8. Prior application of verapamil (10−4 M) drastically reduces the response to injected Gpp(NH)p. 9. The residual response is sustained but markedly reduced by injected Mg2+. Fe or Zn. 10. Injection of PKI following Gpp(NH)p reduces the response, provided PK.I is also injected before Gpp(NH)p. By contrast, injection of Rll subunits causes a partial reversal if injected only once. 11. Imipramine and trifluoperazine. when applied externally (5 × 10−5 M), cause almost complete reversal of the response. 12. The suggestion is made that the response to injected Gpp(NH)p is mainly due to activation of Ca2+ -channels resulting in activation of the calmodulin/Ca-dependent form of adenylate cyclase and that the primary site of aldosterone action is at the level of the calmodulin form of adenylate cyclase.
THE WORLD OF GROWING-UP IN OSKAR LUTS' SPRING AND MARK TWAIN'S THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

On several levels, the novels Spring [Est. Kevade ], by the Estonian author Oskar Luts, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain share many similarities. These similarities are striking enough to suggest a strong case for Luts having been influenced by Mark Twain's novel. Indeed, textual analysis as well as consideration of certain aspects in Luts' life indicate that Twain is likely to have had not only a mediated influence on Luts but also provided direct inspiration. Luts was born in 1887, eleven years after Twain's Adventures was published. Adventures was translated into German in 1876, the same year it first appeared in English, and into Russian some ten years later (Rodney xxx). Twain's books were clearly extremely popular in Europe, and it is most likely that Luts, a lover of literature, had read Adventures in translation. Learning Russian was, of course, required in Estonia at the turn of the century and Luts, as an assistant pharmacist and therefore a person educated in languages, as well as in literature, was sure to have had access to Adventures in both German and Russian (Nirk and Sogel 214). Indeed, the Estonian writer's Spring opens as the students are in Russian class. Besides biographical details pointing to Luts' acquaintance with the American author's works, there is textual evidence that is very telling. The first such indication is that one of the main characters in Spring , Toots, has a fascination with Americana, especially the wilder, frontier aspects of it. Toots collects illustrated stories about Indians, which he tries to share with his classmates at inopportune times; this gets him into trouble to the extent that the teacher forbids him to bring these American-based books to school with him. Toots even receives the nickname "Kentucky Lion" because of his enthusiasm for the American frontier. Curiously enough, Mark Twain has ties to Kentucky: according to The Oxford Companion to American Literature (Hart 148), his father was married in that state. As far as the plots of the two novels are concerned, similarities between the American and Estonian books are evident from the start. Both
Crystallization dynamics in model emulsions from magnetic resonance imaging

Melt crystallization of trilaurin and trimyristin was investigated in the bulk and in dispersed systems using magnetic resonance imaging. Crystallization rates were studied as a function of time in fat/water (40:60) emulsions containing 0.5% tween 80 and 0.2% xanthan gum to prevent creaming. Oil weighted images were obtained to follow the dynamics of crystallization in the bulk and in an emulsified system. Localized spectroscopy using a stimulated echo pulse sequence was used to quantify the crystallization dynamics pattern at different locations in a trimyristin emulsion (40:60). The results showed that crystallization in the emulsified state occurred over a longer period of time than in the bulk. Imaging allowed for the qualitative visualization of crystallization. Images showed crystallization occurring from the edge to the center. On the other hand, localized spectroscopy allowed for spatially quantitative measurement of the amount of liquid oil, crystalline oil and water. In the trimyristin emulsion (40:60), spectra recorded from the top, center and bottom showed a relatively abrupt crystallization pattern starting earlier at the edges of the container, as previously visualized by the images taken.
Grinding damage of silicon nitride determined by abrasive wear tests

Abstract Silicon nitride shows promise as a material for high speed rolling contact bearings, but experimental test results have been very varied, perhaps because the manufacturing techniques have introduced varying amounts of surface damage. A technique has been developed for accurately measuring the relative abrasive wear resistance of solids; silicon nitride samples surface ground to various depths have been measured. It was found that the abrasive wear resistance of each sample was lowered for a distance approximately equal to the depth of cut; this suggests that, in manufacturing silicon nitride bearing components, care must be taken that the final finishing operations remove the surface damage introduced by the earlier stages.
Design and global optimization of high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic systems

Despite their great promise, small experimental thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems at 1000 K generally exhibit extremely low power conversion efficiencies (approximately 1%), due to heat losses such as thermal emission of undesirable mid-wavelength infrared radiation. Photonic crystals (PhC) have the potential to strongly suppress such losses. However, PhC-based designs present a set of non-convex optimization problems requiring efficient objective function evaluation and global optimization algorithms. Both are applied to two example systems: improved micro-TPV generators and solar thermal TPV systems. Micro-TPV reactors experience up to a 27-fold increase in their efficiency and power output; solar thermal TPV systems see an even greater 45-fold increase in their efficiency (exceeding the Shockley–Quiesser limit for a single-junction photovoltaic cell).
The benefits and potential drawbacks in the approval of EVZIO for lay reversal of opioid overdose.

In July 2014, Kaleo Pharmaceuticals launched its new product, EVZIO(tm) -- a naloxone hydrochloride - device combination -- for the emergency treatment of opioid overdose. Similar to an automated external defibrillator, the device is programmed to guide an untrained lay user through the provess of overdose reversal using prerecorded audiovisual prompts. It then deploys an EpiPen-like retractable mechanism to inject the opioid antagonist.... Language: en
Anomalous transport properties in CdSe films

Abstract Hall coefficient and DC conductivity measurements have been made in the temperature range 77–300K on CdSe films grown by an electroless deposition technique. The Hall mobility and Hall electronic concentration are analyzed on the basis of a complete electrical method. The anomalous conductivity-temperature behavior can be explained on the basis of mixed-conduction.
Binding of the corepressor TLE1 to Qin enhances Qin-mediated transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts

The oncoprotein Qin is a member of the winged helix family of transcriptional regulators. The region C-terminal to its winged helix DNA-binding domain is required for transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts. We isolated the corepressor TLE1 as a binding partner for Qin in a yeast two-hybrid screen and localized the TLE1-binding region to a 60 amino-acid stretch directly C-terminal of the winged helix domain of Qin. We show in vivo interaction of full-length Qin and TLE1 in a mammalian two-hybrid system. Coexpression of TLE1-binding Qin and TLE1 induces phosphorylation of TLE1. The DNA-binding activity of Qin is not required for this function. Binding of Qin to TLE1 correlates with Qin-induced transformation. Addition of the TLE1-binding motif WRPW to the C-terminus of a transformation-defective Qin deletion mutant restores binding to TLE1 and significantly enhances transformation. Expression of TLE1 in CEF by the retroviral vector RCAS enhances cell growth and induces formation of agar colonies.
Social competence among low-income preschoolers: emotion socialization practices and social cognitive correlates

Two studies were designed to investigate the relation between emotion socialization variables, social cognitive knowledge, and children's social competence. In Study 1, the expression and situation knowledge of 46 low-income preschoolers were assessed. Peer competence within the preschool setting was also evaluated. Mothers completed questionnaires designed to assess negative emotion socialization practices. Results showed that maternal reports of their emotion socialization practices were related to sad and angry situation knowledge. The aggregate measure of situation knowledge predicted peer competence. In Study 2, 41 low-income preschoolers were observed in a caregiving situation with their younger siblings. The preschoolers' rate of caregiving behavior was recorded and measures of their situation knowledge, emotional role taking, and caregiving script knowledge were obtained. Mothers completed emotion socialization questionnaires. Situation knowledge was the social cognitive variable that predicted sibling caregiving behavior. However, only the maternal emotion socialization variables were directly related to sibling caregiving behavior. These findings highlight the importance of situation knowledge and emotion socialization practices for low-income children's social competence with peers and siblings and provide much needed information on the social development of low-income children.
Excitation of an elevated cable over a stratified earth by an overhead current system

A general analysis is given for the fields produced by an arbitrary two-dimensional current distribution at a fixed height over a layered conductive half-space. The solution obtained is modified to account for the presence of an elevated cable that could be a metal conductor or a pipe-line. The solution is sufficiently general to predict the induced currents in the cable and the associated secondary fields. Some limiting cases, at very low frequencies, are considered where the results yield simple formulae that have a clear physical meaning.
Automatic Process Adjustment for Reducing Dimensional Variation in Discrete Part Machining Processes

Traditional Statistical Process Control (SPC) has been widely employed for process monitoring in discrete part manufacturing. However, control charts do not consider any adjustment preventing the process drift from target. Furthermore, many in-line adjustment approaches, such as thermal error compensation and avoidance, are designed only for machine tool error reduction. This paper intends to fully utilize the engineering process information and to propose a control algorithm that can automatically reduce the overall process variations. Considering three types of error sources in a machining process, we propose to use fixture locators to introduce process adjustment based on our previously proposed Equivalent Fixture Error (EFE) concept. The dynamic property of EFE is investigated for feedback adjustment of both kinematic and quasi-static errors in machining processes. A Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) controller is designed based on the dynamic EFE model. We then evaluate the performance of the controller such as stability and sensitivity. Self-updating algorithm for controller has been proposed to track the latest process information as well. Finally, we simulate this process adjustment using the data collected from a real machining process. The results show that this algorithm can effectively improve the machining accuracy and reduce the process variations.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Castanea pumila var. pumila, the Allegheny chinkapin

The complete plastid genome of Castanea pumila L. Mill. var. pumila, the Allegheny chinkapin, was generated using next-generation sequencing of the leaf transcriptome of the species and fill-ins of missing regions via Sanger sequencing. The chloroplast (cp) genome of C. pumila showed high homology (99.8 %) to the genome of Castanea mollissima (the Chinese chestnut, 600,799 bp) in overall gene organization and size (160, 603 bp). Castanea dentata 454 sequence data ( www.fagaceae.org ) were used to generate a partial chloroplast genome of the American chestnut (93 % coverage). Comparisons of the cp genomes of the American and Chinese Castanea species indicated that the species shared 68.0 % of the mutations at coding and intronic regions, while 18.0 % of the mutations were specific to C. pumila and 13.9 % to C. dentata. The loss and nuclear localization of the rpl22 gene was similarly a feature of the genome of the American Castanea species. Since a higher number of mutational events separated C. pumila from C. mollissima, a more recent divergence of C. dentata from a common ancestor was hypothesized.
Fluctuations in density and its gradient as correlated with pressure in a reacting turbulent flow

Fluctuations in density and its gradient are correlated with pressure in a reacting turbulent flow, and this correlation is important in modeling turbulenceusing second order closure methods. No models have yet appeared, however, for the case of large density fluctuations such as may be found in jet flames. Models are developed in this paper and compared with past experimental results from this laboratory. The test vehicle is a methane-air premixed flame at a Reynolds number of 10,000, based on burner diameter. The models, which require some conjecture as to the form of some cross correlation function shapes, agree closely with the experimental results in both magnitude and scaling rules. In the case here it is shown that the pressure fluctuation is dominated by dilatation effects and that, insofar as pressure correlation with density fluctuations are concerned, the velocity fluctuations do not appear to enter. The magnitudes of the subject correlations are clearly so large that their neglect in second order closure methods cannot be justified.
Thirty- and ninety-day outcomes after sublobar resection with and without brachytherapy for non–small cell lung cancer: Results from a multicenter phase III study

Objective Sublobar resection (SR) is commonly used for patients considered high risk for lobectomy. Nonoperative therapies are increasingly being reported for patients with similar risk because of perceived lower morbidity. We report 30- and 90-day adverse events (AEs) from American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4032, a multicenter phase III study for high-risk patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer. Methods Data from 222 evaluable patients randomized to SR (n = 114) or SR with brachytherapy (n = 108) are reported. AEs were recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3.0, at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Risk factors (age, percent baseline carbon monoxide diffusion in the lung [DLCO%], percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1%], upper lobe vs lower lobe resections, performance status, surgery approach, video-assisted thoracic surgery vs open and extent, and wedge vs segmentectomy) were analyzed using a multivariable logistic model for their impact on the incidence of grade 3 or higher (G3+) AEs. Respiratory AEs were also specifically analyzed. Results Median age, FEV1%, and DLCO% were similar in the 2 treatment groups. There was no difference in the location of resection (upper vs lower lobe) or the use of segmental or wedge resections. There were no differences between the groups with respect to "respiratory" G3+ AEs (30 days: 14.9% vs 19.4%, P = . 35; 0–90 days: 19.3% vs 25%, P = . 31) and "any" G3+ AEs (30 days: 25.4% vs 30.6%, P = . 37; 0–90 days: 29.8% vs 37%, P = . 25). Further analysis combined the 2 groups. Mortality occurred in 3 patients (1.4%) by 30 days and in 6 patients (2.7%) by 90 days. Four of the 6 deaths were thought to be due to surgery. When considered as continuous variables, FEV1% was associated with "any" G3+ AE at days 0 to 30 ( P = . 03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.98) and days 0 to 90 ( P = . 05; OR = 0.98), and DLCO% was associated with "respiratory" G3+ AE at days 0 to 30 ( P = . 03; OR = 0.97) and days 0 to 90 ( P = . 05; OR = 0.98). Segmental resection was associated with a higher incidence of any G3+ AE compared with wedge resection at days 0 to 30 (40.3% vs 22.7%; OR = 2.56; P 01) and days 0 to 90 (41.5% vs 29.7%; OR = 1.96; P = . 04). The median FEV1% was 50%, and the median DLCO% was 46%. By using these median values as potential cutpoints, only a DLCO% of less than 46% was significantly associated with an increased risk of "respiratory" and "any" G3+ AE for days 0 to 30 and 0 to 90. Conclusions In a multicenter setting, SR with brachytherapy was not associated with increased morbidity compared with SR alone. SR/SR with brachytherapy can be performed safely in high-risk patients with non–small cell lung cancer with low 30- and 90-day mortality and acceptable morbidity. Segmental resection was associated with increased "any" G3+ AE, and DLCO% less than 46% was associated with "any" G3+ AE and "respiratory" G3+ AE at both 30 and 90 days.
Laser photochemical reactions

Abstract Laser-driven chemical reactions have been developed for thin-film microelectronics fabrication. A class of these processes relies on photochemical interactions between chemical species on surfaces and a beam of localized laser energy. This paper briefly describes the nature of such reactions and expands upon principal examples of both deposition and etching by photochemical processes. The special role of surface modifications by laser-excited reactions is emphasized.
On an inequality of Lyapunov for disfocality

Si y est une solution non-triviale de l'equation y″(t)+q(y)y(t)=0 sur un intervalle contenant a et b, telle que y(a)=y(h)=0, alors on a a ∫ h |q(t)|dt>4(b-a). Cette inegalite, dite de Lyapunov a ete generalisee par Kwong en introduisant la notion de disfocalite, basee sur une decomposition d'intervalle. Ici on renforce l'inegalite de Lyapunov d'une autre maniere, toujours en utilisant la disfocalite
Wavelength optimized cross-polarized wide-field imaging for noninvasive and rapid evaluation of dermal structures.

Changes in the morphology of dermal collagen may indicate aging or pathological processes. At present, there is no technology for in vivo real-time assessment of collagen structures. Our goal was to introduce and validate polarization optical imaging for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of dermal collagen. Seventeen volunteers participated in the study. Cross-polarized 440 nm images were acquired noninvasively from facial skin of the study subjects. Collagen content and intensity histogram were computed from the optical images. Quantitative results showed a decrease in the collagen content with increasing age of the subjects. Analysis of the collagen image histogram parameters demonstrated decreasing mean pixel value and increasing full width at half maximum (FWHM) with increasing age. Polarization optical imaging has the potential for rapid noninvasive in vivo evaluation of human dermis. Cross-polarized imaging at different wavelengths emphasizes different features of human skin. (A) Skin photograph. (B) In vivo cross-polarized image at 440 nm. (C) In vivo cross-polarized image at 570 nm. (D) In vivo cross-polarized image at 690 nm.
The Clinical use of Diuretics in the Treatment of Hypertension

Diuretics have been and will likely remain the most widely used agent for the initial drug therapy of primary hypertension. The mode of their antihypertensive action is reviewed, followed by considerations of the appropriate type and dose of diuretic and then a discussion of their major side effects, with emphasis upon hypokalemia. Practical guidelines to prevent and correct diuretic-induced hypokalemia are provided.
Insights into GATA-1 Mediated Gene Activation versus Repression via Genome-wide Chromatin Occupancy Analysis

The transcription factor GATA-1 is required for terminal erythroid maturation and functions as an activator or repressor depending on gene context. Yet its in vivo site selectivity and ability to distinguish between activated versus repressed genes remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed GATA-1 ChIP-seq in erythroid cells and compared it to GATA-1-induced gene expression changes. Bound and differentially expressed genes contain a greater number of GATA-binding motifs, a higher frequency of palindromic GATA sites, and closer occupancy to the transcriptional start site versus nondifferentially expressed genes. Moreover, we show that the transcription factor Zbtb7a occupies GATA-1-bound regions of some direct GATA-1 target genes, that the presence of SCL/TAL1 helps distinguish transcriptional activation versus repression, and that polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is involved in epigenetic silencing of a subset of GATA-1-repressed genes. These data provide insights into GATA-1-mediated gene regulation in vivo.
Effect of arm orientation on bone mineral mass and bone width measured using the Cameron--Sorenson technique

Bone mineral content and bone width were measured at the distal and midshaft locations in the right radius and ulna with the arm in different orientations. The values of mineral content, width, and the ratio of bone mineral content divided by width, determined at each bone site were compared to establish the effect of orientation. Seven orientations were studied, two of which involved rotations of the forearm and five of which involved rotations of the upper arm about the axis of the forearm. Rotation of the forearm was found to affect the values of one or more of the measured quantities at all of the sites. Orientation of the upper arm was found to affect the values of all quantities at the midshaft radius, but not to affect the values of any of the quantities at the other sites.
Stress activated Raman scattering and microcrack detection

Abstract A new technique for the detection of microcrack precursors and for the study of the dynamics of crack propagation is proposed. The technique uses laser Raman scattering off of adsorbed surface species to detect microcrack precursors via variations in the Raman spectrum associated with the stresses localized within such precursors. We give extensive theoretical justification and detail several approaches designed to substantiate the plausability of the technique proposed. This technique can become a valuable tool for the detection of microcrack precursors as well as studies of phenomena including adsorption, catalysis. adhesion, wear and the dynamics of stress-corrosion cracking.
The edge condition in electromagnetics

The problem of finding the field behavior near a conducting edge in the presence of an arbitrary number of isotropic dielectric wedges is considered. Conditions under which finite and infinite fields can exist are derived. A principal finding is that for four or more dielectrics it is possible to have finite fields at a knife edge. It is shown that the problem is equivalent to finding the fundamental resonance frequency of a resonator formed from a succession of coupled transmission lines.
Expression of FBJ-MSV oncogene (fos) product in bacteria

The protein predicted from the DNA sequence of the FBJ murine osteosarcoma virus (FBJ-MSV) onc gene (v-fos) was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tryptophan operon regulatory region. The 381-amino acid protein was identified by synthesis in minicells isolated from bacteria containing the expression vector plasmid. A 52,000-Da protein was made in these minicells, along with the proteins encoded by the beta-lactamase gene present on the expression vector plasmid. Synthesis of the 52K protein was repressed in trpR+ E. coli minicells in the presence of tryptophan, whereas the protein was synthesized under the same conditions in trpR- (derepressed) minicells. The beta-lactamase proteins, however, were synthesized under both conditions. The synthesis of the viral protein, therefore, was directed by the trp operon promoter. The tryptic peptide map of the 52K bacterial protein labeled with [35S]methionine was compared to that of the 35S-labeled protein immunoprecipitated from FBJ-MSV transformed rat cells using tumor-bearing rat sera. The peptide map of the p55 protein, previously identified as a candidate transforming protein in FBJ-MSV transformed cells, matches exactly that of the bacterial 52K protein. The eukaryotic cell protein, however, differs slightly in electrophoretic mobility in SDS gels, most likely due to post-translational modification which does not occur in bacteria.
Veda on Parade: Revivalist Ritual as Civic Spectacle

An analysis is presented of a month-long Vedic ritual performance undertaken in 1992 by holy man Ranganath Selukar Maharaj in rural Maharashtra, examining its ritual structure, the rhetoric of religious reform and national welfare, and the appeal made by both the ritual's organizers and its opponents to the authority of science and «modern rationalism». The analysis of the event's ritual structure introduces the concept of «spectacle», which is defined as a form of public, ceremonial action that frames the ritual actions and thus endows these fixed, «classical» elements with a local and contemporary significance. The spectacle, besides arousing public interest, makes explicit the ideology implied in the present ritual performance and dramatizes the social alignments between the ritual agents and the other participants.
Assessing biodeterioration in wood using ATP photometry : Part I. Nucleotide extraction and wood interference

Abstract The efficiency of six different extraction methods (boiling tris buffer, boiling EtOH, boiling NaHCO 3 , perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and Extralight ® ) to extract ATP from the mycelium of the wood decaying fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was measured. The ATP concentration of the sample was measured using the firefly luciferin/luciferase assay. The most efficient method (ATP = 3.45 × 10 −9 moles/mg dw) was extraction with cold 5% TCA for 20 h. After the extraction, the TCA was removed with ether-saturated water. Although the amount of ATP extracted with boiling ethanol was not significantly different from that by TCA (ATP = 3.06 × 10 −9 moles/mg dw), TCA was chosen over ethanol due to the potential hazards involved in boiling ethanol. The efficiency of extraction was the same for both birch and loblolly pine.
Varicella-zoster Virus gB and gE coexpression, but not gB or gE alone, leads to abundant fusion and syncytium formation equivalent to those from gH and gL coexpression.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is distinguished from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the fact that cell-to-cell fusion and syncytium formation require only gH and gL within a transient-expression system. In the HSV system, four glycoproteins, namely, gH, gL, gB, and gD, are required to induce a similar fusogenic event. VZV lacks a gD homologous protein. In this report, the role of VZV gB as a fusogen was investigated and compared to the gH-gL complex. First of all, the VZV gH-gL experiment was repeated under a different set of conditions; namely, gH and gL were cloned into the same vaccinia virus (VV) genome. Surprisingly, the new expression system demonstrated that a recombinant VV-gH+gL construct was even more fusogenic than seen in the prior experiment with two individual expression plasmids containing gH and gL (K. M. Duus and C. Grose, J. Virol. 70:8961–8971, 1996). Recombinant VV expressing VZV gB by itself, however, effected the formation of only small syncytia. When VZV gE and gB genes were cloned into one recombinant VV genome and another fusion assay was performed, extensive syncytium formation was observed. The degree of fusion with VZV gE-gB coexpression was comparable to that observed with VZV gH-gL: in both cases, >80% of the cells in a monolayer were fused. Thus, these studies established that VZV gE-gB coexpression greatly enhanced the fusogenic properties of gB. Control experiments documented that the fusion assay required a balance between the fusogenic potential of the VZV glycoproteins and the fusion-inhibitory effect of the VV infection itself.
A Histochemical Study of Normal and Cirrhotic Livers.

Summary1. Liver cell contains lipids, potassium, free aldehyde groups, sulfuric acid esters of mucopolysaccharide origin, protein bound sulfhydryl groups, mucoproteins, calcium, non-specific esterase, ribosenucleic acid and vit. C. 2. The lipid of the liver cell showing fatty metamorphosis is histochemically different than normal liver cell lipid. 3. The non-specific esterase activity is increased and clumped in the fatty liver. 4. Cytoplasmic liver cell RNA appears to be decreased in patients with morphologically active cirrhosis. 5. In the presence of clinical jaundice, alkaline phosphatase activity is increased in the Kupffer cells, in the liver cells adjacent to the central veins in the bile plugging the ducts. 6. Fatty liver appears to contain more vit. C than the normal liver.
An Analysis of the Conceptual Framework Underlying Definitions of Learning Disabilities.

Abstract Various theoretical perspectives have contributed to the different types of definitions of learning disabilities (LD) that have been developed since the category was first established. To date, there has been little consensus on the definition of learning disabilities. In the present study, three kinds of definitions, ability-achievement discrepancy, low achievement, and scatter, were examined to determine the extent to which there was common variance. The subject were 48 school-identified LD children and 96 non-LD children. Both samples had previously been administered a battery of psychoeducational tests. These data were used to classify each child as LD or non-LD according to each of 14 operational definitions. A factor analysis resulted in two distinct groupings of LD students; low achievement accounted for over four times as much variance as ability-achievement discrepancy. Scatter did not contribute independently to classification. The implications for LD-identification practices are discussed.
Diamagnetism and magnetic force: a new laboratory for granular materials and chaotic/deterministic dynamics

Abstract We report studies on the dynamics of macroscopic particles in a low gravity “magnetic levitation” environment. Particle ensembles are held in a weak confining potential due to diamagnetic forces in a high-field resistive magnet. In such a case, the kinetic energy is not zero, and assemblies of particles undergo ergodic processes to find the lowest configurational ground state. Examples of such processes, as well as consideration of chaotic versus deterministic motion for single-particle orbits, will be presented.
The implementation of a code of ethics: The early efforts of one entrepreneur

Attention is being focused on the ‘tone at the top’ in businesses in the United States with the publication of the Report of the Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. There has been growing discontent with the quality of ethcial behavior in the business society and at the present moment many American companies are developing — or revising — codes of ethics and establishing procedures for their implementation. Yet, there is some question about the success of such efforts.
Measurement of styrene-7,8-oxide and other oxidation products of styrene in air

Styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) is generated at low concentrations from the oxidation of styrene during the processing of reinforced plastics. Since exposure to SO has important health implications, we developed air sampling and analytical methods to measure low levels of airborne SO in the presence of styrene and its other oxidation products, namely phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and acetophenone (AP). Both active and passive air monitors were used. The active sampling method, which employed adsorption on Tenax, was suitable for measuring SO, PAA and AP but had limited capacity for styrene due to breakthrough. The passive monitor employed a carbon adsorbent and was suitable for measurement of styrene and SO but not PAA and AP due to poor recovery. After sampling, the analytes were extracted from the adsorbents with ethyl acetate and measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry. By maintaining the injection port at 70 degrees C, the thermal rearrangement of SO to PAA was minimized. Recovery of styrene and SO from the passive monitor depended upon loading and was corrected by linearization of the Freundlich isotherm. The limits of detection for SO, PAA, and AP were 0.2 ppb using the active monitor, and for SO was 1 ppb using the passive monitor. The sampling precision for SO (RSD from personal measurements) was 5.0% for the passive monitor and was 13.4% for the active monitor over a range of exposures from 5-150 ppb. The corresponding precision for styrene was 5.3% for the passive monitor for levels ranging from 1.2 to 104 ppm. Measurements of 235 personal exposures with the active monitor in 12 facilities manufacturing fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) showed that levels of AP and PAA were below 7.8 ppb and 5 ppb, respectively. In contrast, SO averaged 30.4 ppb (SE=2.4) in these FRP facilities, ranging from below 0.2 ppb to 190 ppb. The active monitor was also used to detect airborne SO at levels of approximately equals 1 ppb in one facility manufacturing styrene butadiene rubber, suggesting that SO is generally present during the polymerization of styrene. Personal passive monitoring in the 12 FRP facilities (n = 657) revealed mean concentrations of styrene ranging between 1.8 and 55.4 ppm, and for SO between 1.7 and 62.6 ppb. The ratio of the mean styrene level to the mean SO level varied between 449:1 and 1,635:1 among the 12 FRP facilities.
Electron-spin resonance studies of carotenoids incorporated into reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26.1

Abstract The carotenoids, hydroxyneurosporene, methoxyneurosporene, spheroidene, hydroxyspheroidene, spheroidenone, 3,4-dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin, and spirilloxanthin have been incorporated into reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides ( Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ) R26.1 in a carotenoid-to-primary donor ratio of 1:1. These carotenoids have different functional groups and varying extents of π electron conjugation. The importance of these structural features on binding to the reaction center and quenching the primary donor triplet state was assessed. The carotenoid binding site on reaction centers of Rb. sphaeroides R26.1 exhibits a preference to binding carotenoids which contain polar functional groups. Electron-spin resonance spectroscopy was used to detect carotenoid triplet state formation. The zero-field splitting parameters of the reconstituted carotenoids revealed that carotenoids isomerize upon binding to the reaction center. The structure of the reaction center-bound carotenoids is one where the π electron conjugation is interrupted.