cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retinal vessel diameters confound the relationship of pregnancy to retinopathy and infant outcomes in T1D.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether: 1) retinal vessel diameters in pregnant and non-pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) alter the relationship of pregnancy to severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR); and 2) retinal vessel diameters in early pregnancy alter the relationship of severity of DR in the mother to severe adverse outcome in the infant. Methods Two cohorts of women with T1D, one composed of pregnant women and the other of non-pregnant women of child-bearing age, were recruited in Wisconsin. Baseline examinations (including retinal photography and collection of diabetes-related characteristics) were conducted, with follow-up approximately one year later. Retinal images were graded according to the modified Airlie House classification protocol, and retinal vessel diameters were measured from digitized images. The latter were included in analyses as central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). Results In multivariate models: 1) Pregnancy was significantly associated with both incidence (OR = 4.43, CI = 1.42–13.79) and progression (OR = 2.62, CI = 1.52–4.51) of DR. Neither CRAE nor CRVE were significant, but their addition modestly altered the associations of pregnancy to worsening DR; 2) Baseline retinopathy (OR = 1.28, CI = 1.05–1.57) was associated with severe adverse outcome in the infant. This association was unchanged by adjustment for retinal vessel diameters. Conclusions Pregnancy is associated with worsening DR in women with T1D. DR severity in early pregnancy is associated with severe adverse outcome in the infant. The retinal vessel diameters CRAE and CRVE were not associated with these outcomes but were modest confounders of the association of pregnancy to worsening DR.
Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in patients with nodal metastases after neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy

Background: Studies supporting adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of esophageal cancer are scarce, and current clinical guidelines recommend either adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. We aimed to clarify the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients found to have persistent nodal metastases after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and complete resection of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for all patients from 2006 to 2012 with esophageal adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, underwent esophagectomy with complete resection, and were found to have lymph node metastases on final pathology. We compared patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with patients followed by observation only. After performing propensity-score matching to create a well-balanced cohort, we compared survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We identified 2,046 patients with lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy; 295 received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 1,751 did not. The median survival in the unmatched cohort was 2.6 years with adjuvant chemotherapy and 2.1 years with observation only (P=0.0185). Five-year survival was 27.9% with adjuvant chemotherapy and 21.5% with observation only. When we examined survival in a balanced cohort of 295 propensity-matched pairs, median survival was 2.6 years with adjuvant chemotherapy and 2.0 years with observation only (P=0.031). Five-year survival was 27.9% with adjuvant chemotherapy and 20.2% with observation only. Conclusions: In a large, propensity-matched cohort, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved survival for patients with node-positive esophageal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and complete resection. This finding supports the use of adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery.
The 2014-2016 Homicide Rise: Introduction to the Special Issue:

The five papers of the special issue are summarized and a few remaining issues for future research are identified.
CHF Order Set Improves Time to Hospital Readmission

Introduction Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of hospital readmission, with rates approaching 20% within 30-days and 50% within 6-months. Readmissions account for 43% of Medicare spending at 17 billion dollars yearly. A study by Krive et al in 2014 proved admission order sets were effective, efficient, and decreased inpatient CHF mortality (1.8% vs. 3.2% p=0.034). However, qualitative evidence of the effectiveness of order sets in readmission reduction is lacking. Hypothesis We hypothesized that the consistent use of a protocolized admission CHF Order Sets versus manual order entry will serve to increase time to 30-day readmission for Medicare patients admitted having a primary diagnosis of CHF. Methods A retrospective analysis of CHF patients was performed at WVU from 1/1/16-1/1/18. Readmissions were compared between CHF Order Set and manual order entry groups using Pearson chi-squared and Fishers exact tests. Mann Whitney U Tests were applied to the data due to unbalanced (non-normal distribution) among cohorts. Results The Cardiology service had the highest compliance in use of the order set at 26% with other services averaging less than 7%. The admission CHF Order Set increased the mean number of days to 30-day readmission compared to the manual entry group (12.22 vs. 15.76 days p=0.027). Cardiology providers utilized the order set more frequently for patients with a higher 2017 American Medical College Mortality Risk Score. Conclusions Protocolized admission CHF order sets improves time to hospital readmission. Based on AMC Mortality Risk Score, the CHF order set was proven to be most useful with sicker patients. Limitations faced in this study were limited compliance of order set use and sample size of 1657 between cohorts. Moving forward, there is a need for a mandatory push for order set use and additional analysis to further critique its components based on admission rates and clinician feedback. With decreased Medicare expenditures, millions in admission costs may be saved each year in addition to decreases in hospital-acquired infections and complications.
Computational prediction of nanostructured alloys with enhanced thermoelectric properties

The Materials Genome Initiative calls for a dramatic increase in the rate of materials discovery and development. High-throughput (HT) calculations can advance this goal by efficiently screening a large search space for candidate materials to study in more depth. Thermoelectric materials (TEs) are prime candidates for such HT calculations: The properties required to achieve good performance are known, but systematic ways of improving these properties are scarce. Furthermore, known HT methods for TEs only address bulk crystals---screening realistic multicomponent alloys for their TE properties has yet to be accomplished. In this paper, we use a density functional theory driven HT screening-and-sorting procedure to search for new multicomponent bulk-nanostructured thermoelectric materials. We make maximum use of minimal calculations to obtain eight descriptors of the thermodynamics and TE performance of five-element semiconductor alloy systems from combinations of ternary additions in binary compounds. We use these descriptors to reduce a search space of 29 700 five-element systems to a set of 130 candidates. We screen these candidates using TE descriptors to identify several existing high-performance thermoelectrics as well as promising new material systems awaiting further experimental verification.
Clinical Tolerance of In-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Administration of Rotavirus Vaccine

Objective This article determines the tolerance of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-based administration of RV5 in premature infants. This article also aims to compare the rate of clinically significant adverse events after RV5 immunization to the standard 2-month shot series and to historical controls who were not immunized. Study Design This is a retrospective case–control study of 201 premature infants immunized with RV5. Infants were evaluated for clinically significant events 7 days before and after immunization and were compared with events after the 2-month shot series and to 189 historical controls. Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test were used for all paired analysis. Results There was no increase in number of infants with clinically significant adverse events when comparing after RV5 to prior to RV5, after the 2-month shot series, or to the historical controls. Conclusion RV5 is well tolerated in premature infants and does not result in clinically significant adverse events when administered in NICU-hospitalized infants.
Geodesics of left-invariant pseudo-hermitian structures on the three dimensional sphere

The three-dimensional case of the structure equations of Webster are summarized and then used to determine the sub-Riemannian geodesics of the left-invariant CR structures on the group $$SU(2,{\mathbf{R}}) =S^3$$ . These geodesics are studied in detail for the standard left-invariant CR structure.
Membrane cofactor protein

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP), which is a type 1 membrane glycoprotein expressed as four common isoforms (C1, C2, BC1, and BC2) that arise by alternative splicing. MCP is a cofactor for the factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and Cdb that deposits on self-tissue. This regulation is only performed intrinsically in which MCP protects the cell on which it is anchored, not neighboring cells. MCP is expressed on placental trophoblast and on the inner acrosomal membrane of human spermatozoa. Its role in these locations is likely to protect against complement activation, but other possibilities have been suggested. The crosslinking of MCP downregulates IL-12 production—a finding of potential significance for the immunosuppressive sequelae of measles virus infection. Therapeutic uses of MCP include production of transgenic animals expressing MCP to prevent the hyperacute graft rejection that accompanies xenotransplantation and a recombinantly produced soluble form in which MCP is linked with a second complement regulatory protein for therapeutic use as an inhibitor of complement activation
The genetic arms race between plant and Xanthomonas: lessons learned from TALE biology

The pathogenic bacterial genus Xanthomonas infects a wide variety of host plants and causes devastating diseases in many crops. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are important virulence factors secreted by Xanthomonas with the ability to directly bind to the promoters of target genes in plant hosts and activate their expression, which often facilitates the proliferation of pathogens. Understanding how plants cope with TALEs will provide mechanistic insights into crop breeding for Xanthomonas defense. Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have revealed the modes of action of TALEs in plant cells and plant defense strategies to overcome TALE attack. Based on these findings, new technologies were adopted for disease management to optimize crop production. In this article, we will review the most recent advances in the evolutionary arms race between plant resistance and TALEs from Xanthomonas, with a specific focus on TALE applications in the development of novel breeding strategies for durable and broad-spectrum resistance.
A Body to Die for: Body Measurements and BMI Values Among Female and Male Runway Models:

Runway models play a central role in creating and promoting cultural beauty and body ideals. However, little is known about body measurements (BMs) and anthropometric health parameters among this m...
Multifaceted Privacy: Express Your Online Persona without Revealing Your Sensitive Attribute

Recent works in social network stream analysis have shown that a user's online persona attributes (e.g., location, gender, ethnicity, political interest, etc.) can be accurately inferred from the topics the user writes about or engages with. Revealing a user's sensitive attributes could represent a privacy threat to some individuals. Microtargeting (e.g., the Cambridge Analytica scandal), surveillance, and discriminating ads are examples of threats to user privacy caused by sensitive attribute inference. In this paper, we propose Multifaceted privacy, a novel privacy model that aims to obfuscate a user's sensitive attributes while publicly preserving the user's public persona. To achieve multifaceted privacy, we build Aegis, a prototype client-centric social network stream processing system that helps preserve multifaceted privacy, and thus allowing social network users to freely express their online personas without revealing their sensitive attributes of choice. Aegis continuously suggests topics and hashtags to social network users to write about in order to obfuscate their sensitive attributes and hence confuse content-based sensitive attribute inferences. Our experiments show that adding as few as 0 to 4 obfuscation posts (depending on how revealing the original post is) successfully hides a user sensitive attributes without changing the user's public persona attributes.
Response to Telemedicine Visits From Patients With Parkinsonism During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postvisit Surveys

Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism are common chronic neurodegenerative disorders that tend to affect older adults and cause physical and sometimes cognitive limitations. Given that these limitations could impact successful telemedicine use, we aimed to investigate the experiences of patients with parkinsonism using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 19-item survey was emailed to patients with parkinsonism following telemedicine visits at a single US tertiary care parkinsonism specialty clinic. Seventy-four individuals responded, out of 270 invitations sent. Almost two-thirds (61.6%) of the respondents were comfortable with using technology in general, and almost all were very satisfied with their telemedicine experience. The most commonly reported benefits included cost and travel savings, ease of access to a specialist, and time savings. Issues with technology and previsit instructions were the most commonly identified challenges (28%). Urgent implementation, due to the pandemic, of telemedicine care for patients with parkinsonism was feasible and well received. The challenges most commonly reported by patients could be potentially alleviated by better education and support.
Ampakine pretreatment enables a single hypoxic episode to produce phrenic motor facilitation with no added benefit of additional episodes.

Pretreatment with ampakine CX717 created conditions that enabled an acute bout of moderate hypoxia to evoke phrenic motor facilitation, but this response was not observed when ampakine pretreatment...
Current epidemiology in hepatocellular carcinoma.

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world.Areas coveredThis review will discuss risk factors, demographic differences, global trends, and the economic burden of HCC. Viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, is the most common underlying liver disease leading to HCC in those with cirrhosis. Other important risk factors include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, etc. With the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection, routine vaccination against HBV, and increasing support for robust public screening programs, the incidence rates for HCC due to viral hepatitis is falling in many countries. Meanwhile, the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome are on the rise, as is NAFLD-related HCC incidence. Asia and Africa have the highest incidence rates of HCC. In multiethnic countries, racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in HCC incidence as well as mortality, representing an essential area for improvement in terms of healthcare inequity.Expert opinionInterventions to minimize the global burden of HCC aim to reduce rates of the most common risk factors and implement effective treatment of underlying etiology and comprehensive screening programs for HCC.
Ideas, Interests and Foreign Aid

1. The many uses of foreign aid 2. One policy, multiple goals: framing and foreign aid 3. Debates about aid: contents and patterns 4. Aid frames: origins and evolution 5. The administration of aid policy 6. The generosity contest: determinants of aid volume 7. The popularity contest: selecting the recipients of aid 8. Conclusion: frames and policy Appendix A. Legislative debates coded Appendix B. Debate coding examples Appendix C. Aid allocation: data and sources.
Preliminary Studies of the Ultracentrifugal and Free Zone Electrophoresis Characteristics of Neutral Soluble Proteins of Bovine Embryo Enamel

The organic matrix of tooth enamel is the most densely calcified tissue in the body. In order to understand calcification and its many facets, one of the prerequisites is to first learn as much as we can about the chemistry and molecular structure of the fibrous proteins that are involved. Much knowledge has been gained in the past about the physical and chemical properties of collagen but relatively little is known of the fibrous protein that constitutes the organic matrix of dental enamel.
Frozen Obligations: Russia’s Suspension of the CFE Treaty as the Potential Violation of International Law

As the world witnesses renewed displays of Russian military aggression, the importance of multilateral arms treaties is illuminated. This Note argues that Russia’s suspension of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe was likely an illegal act, violating both the explicit terms of that treaty and the law governing international treaties, generally. The United Nations, NATO, and other world leaders must act carefully to redress this wrong without pushing Russia into a full withdrawal from this significant treaty. This Note highlights the variety of dispute resolution mechanisms available and concludes that formal public scrutiny and condemnation of Russia’s suspension are crucial to ensure that illegal treaty suspension does not become a reasonable option for Russia or any other international actors in the future.
LibQUAL+ in a problem-based Learning (PBL) Medical school: The case study of the Medical Library and Peyton T. Anderson Learning resources Center (LRC) at Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Georgia

Abstract This case study looks at the LibQUAL+™ 2002 survey results for the Medical Library and Peyton T. Anderson Learning Resources Center (LRC) at Mercer University School of Medicine in Macon, Georgia. Mercer has a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum with a strong community-based component and a small student body. The effect PBL has on the library and LRC was felt to be a major contributing factor in the library's survey results. Several of Mercer's scores were higher compared to other libraries: a higher average for general satisfaction, a positive average service superiority score, and a higher frequency of daily library use on premises response. There were no instances in the gap analysis in which the library failed to meet minimum expectations.
Consumer Well‐Being

Measures of consumer well-being have expanded from an early reliance on GDP per capita to a more balanced focus on multiple indicators of well-being including subjective indicators such as happiness and life satisfaction. Among the very poor, increased overall levels of consumption have been shown to increase well-being. But among the nonpoor, increased income and consumption has little long-term impact on happiness. However, consumer well-being among the nonpoor can be increased by increased savings and increased spending on charitable contributions, memorable experiences (rather than physical objects), and activities that support closer social relationships. Regardless of a person's actual spending levels, mental habits that focus on getting and spending (i.e., materialism) are negatively associated with well-being. Marketing has been criticized for, among other things, increasing materialism. But it also has defenders who point out its role in organizing production to meet consumer needs. Keywords: well-being; happiness; life satisfaction; utility; social indicators; income; consumption
Defect, Constitutive Behavior, and Continuum Toughness Considerations for Weld Integrity Analysis

Abstract : The failure load of a butt welded T-frame with a lack of fusion defect is predicted and compared with experimental data. Energy density concepts are used to quantitatively describe the material toughness at the continuum scale. Particular attention is given to the determination of base metal and weld metal uniaxial stress-strain curves valid for large deformation. Finite element results are used to predict the location where the energy density first reaches a critical value, and the corresponding applied load. The predicted initiation site and load compares favorably with the experiment. Keywords: Weld defects, Fracture, Energy density, True stress-true strain curve.
The nonlinear dynamics of intrinsic acoustic oscillations in combustion-driven systems

The appearance of nonlinear acoustic oscillations in various types of unsteady combustion devices arises from combustion-driven instabilities that excite one or more classical acoustic modes of the system. For sufficiently strong acoustic driving relative to various damping processes, these disturbances grow to finite amplitudes and, owing to the nonlinear coupling between linearly unstable and stable modes, a stable limit-cycle oscillation is typically established. The nonlinear dynamics of these oscillations are formally governed by an infinitely-coupled system of evolution equations for the complex mode amplitudes. The linear terms determine the relative growth and decay rates of infinitesimal perturbations, while the nonlinear coupling terms determine the ultimate amplitude of each mode. The present work describes the typical nonlinear acoustic response of one such system by obtaining approximate analytical and numerical solutions of the dynamcal system of amplitude equations. In particular, it is shown that, depending on the value of a reduced driving parameter, finite-mode approximations to the full infinitely-coupled system may be employed to describe the acoustic response of the model. The nature of acoustic mode interactions is also investigated, and it is formally demonstrated that a resonance-like coupling exists between any growing mode, whose frequency is wj, and its first resonant harmonic, which is the mode whose frequency is 3wj. Thus, the first acoustic bifurcation of the system occurs at a critical value of the driving parameter for which some mode achieves a positive linear growth rate, and is governed by a decoupled subsystem for the two modes corresponding to these frequencies.
Uniform vs. non-uniform band switching in WDM networks

We compare the effectiveness of uniform versus non-uniform waveband switching under the dual cost metrics of switching requirements and fiber capacity. We consider a star topology and begin by characterizing the optimal performance frontier achievable under no restrictions on waveband sizing, and provide algorithms employing non-uniform waveband sizing that approach or achieve this optimum. We then consider the special case of uniform waveband sizing, and show that the performance compares very favorably. We also extend our results to general topologies.
Ethnic-affiliation estimation by use of population-specific DNA markers.

During the past 10 years, DNA analysis has revolutionized the determination of identity in a forensic context. Statements about the biological identity of two human DNA samples now can be made with complete confidence. Although DNA markers are very powerful for distinguishing among individuals, most offer little power to distinguish ethnicity or to support any statement about the physical characteristics of an individual. Through a search of the literature and of unpublished data on allele frequencies we have identified a panel of population-specific genetic markers that enable robust ethnic-affiliation estimation for major U.S. resident populations. In this report, we identify these loci and present their levels of allele-frequency differential between ethnically defined samples, and we demonstrate, using log-likelihood analysis, that this panel of markers provides significant statistical power for ethnic-affiliation estimation. In addition to their use in forensic ethnic-affiliation estimation, population-specific genetic markers are very useful in both population- and individual-level admixture estimation and in mapping genes by use of the linkage disequilibrium created when populations hybridize.
On the trees associated to plane curve singularities and ideals

Si comparano diverse nozioni d’equisingolarita per le curve tracciate sopra una superficie complessa liscia, e per gli ideali di dimensione finita dell’anello locale d’uno dei suoi punti. Si vede che, in generale, questi nozioni sono diverse, ma (per le curve) queste coincidono se esse fossero membri della stessa famiglia continua.
Signal Detection Theory and Single Observation Designs: Methods and Indices for Advertising Recognition Testing

Most marketing applications of signal detection theory (SDT) produce an estimate of the respondent's memory accuracy based on exposure to a number of advertisements. Marketing practitioners, howeve...
Regulating Antibody Diversity: Taming a Mutagen

In a recent issue of Molecular Cell, Conticello et al. (2008) identified a protein that interacts with the activation-induced deaminase protein and affects somatic hypermutation, class switching, and gene conversion in immunoglobulin genes, possibly via the spliceosome transcription complex.
A 90-nm CMOS UWB Impulse Radio Transmitter With 30-dB In-Band Notch at IEEE 802.11a System

In spite of the FCC regulations, the coexistence of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) systems is still an unsolved challenge. A UWB transmitter (TX) can severely degrade the performance of an IEEE 802.11a system. In this paper, a fully integrated analog impulse-radio UWB TX is presented that generates a novel UWB pulse with a tunable notch at the frequency of IEEE 802.11a system. The pulse has a 5.5-GHz bandwidth (BW), which makes it suitable for high-resolution high data-rate applications. The TX has a maximum pulse rate of 400 Mpulse/s and energy of 65 pJ/pulse with a power supply of 1.2 V. The measurement results show that the pulse has a 30-dB notch, and the TX power inside the BW of the NB system is less than -78 dBm/MHz. The TX has a biphase modulation and has been fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process. The proposed pulse meets the Federal Communications Commission mask for UWB systems.
‘But how can those students make it here?’: examining the institutional discourse about what it means to be ‘LD’ at an Ivy League university

In this paper, I examine and critique the construction of ‘learning disabilities’ at an Ivy League university in the USA. Drawn from a study of the experiences of learning disabled labelled Ivy undergraduates, this paper focuses on the language practices, assumptions, and power relationships that characterize the University discourse within and against which these diverse learners shape their educational lives and identities. Using discourse analysis techniques, I analyse University policies and practices to illuminate the complex, disempowering discourse about what it means to be ‘LD’ at the University. I conclude with possibilities for constructing an alternative discourse about learning diversity.
Translation between algebraic coding languages

This paper will describe some results of a project to develop a computer program for translating the IT language (Carnegie institute of Technology Internal Translator for the IBM 650) into the FORTRAN language (Automatic Coding System for the IBM 704). The project had a twofold objective, (a) to provide a means by which a checked out program for the IBM 650 may be executed on the IBM 704 without having to recode and recheck the program, and (b) to study the problem of translation from one coding language to another.
Energy Transport to a Coil Which Circumscribes a Ferrite Core and Is Implanted Within the Body

In systems involving inductive coupling between an external coil or coils and an internal coil, an improvement in the efficiency of energy transport is usually realized when a suitable ferrite core is utilized for the implanted coil. A detailed theoretical analysis, with particular emphasis upon hollow spherical and oblate spheroidal cores indicates the manner in which the improvement is related to the geometry of the core and the electrical and magnetic parameters of the ferrite. For a system with a low initial value of efficiency, the insertion of a suitable core results in a several-fold improvement in energy transport efficiency. The analysis indicates that unless the almost field-free region within the ferrite shell can be utilized to advantage, increased efficiency of energy transport can probably be achieved more easily by increasing the diameter of a coreless coil than by using a ferrite core.
A neural network algorithm for the multiple traveling salesmen problem

We developed an efficient neural network algorithm for solving the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem (MTSP). A new transformation of the N-city M-salesmen MTSP to the standard Traveling Salesmen Problem (TSP) is introduced. The transformed problem is represented by an expanded version of Hopfield-Tank's neuromorphic city-position map with (N + M-1)-cities and a single fictitious salesmen. The dynamic model associated with the problem is based on the Basic Differential Multiplier Method (BDMM) [26] which evaluates Lagrange multipliers simultaneously with the problem's state variables. The algorithm was successfully tested on many problems with up to 30 cities and five salesmen. In all test cases, the algorithm always converged to valid solutions. The great advantage of this kind of algorithm is that it can provide solutions to complex decision making problems directly by solving a system of ordinary differential equations. No learning steps, logical if statements or adjusting of parameters are required during the computation. The algorithm can therefore be implemented in hardware to solve complex constraint satisfaction problems such as the MTSP at the speed of analog silicon VLSI devices or possibly future optical neural computers.
Proximity, Relationship Closeness, and Cognitive Vulnerability: Predicting Enduring Depressive Reactions to a College Campus Tragedy

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that enduring depressive reactions to tragedy are due to a unique combination of three factors-close physical proximity to the event, close relationship with the victim(s), and high levels of cognitive vulnerability. METHOD: Participants were 70 undergraduates (66% female; mean age = 18) from a midsized private university. Cognitive vulnerability and depressive symptoms were assessed 2 years before a college campus tragedy; physical proximity, relationship with the victim, and depressive symptoms were assessed 2 months after the tragedy. RESULTS: Individuals with a combination of high levels of cognitive vulnerability and close physical proximity to the event were at greater risk for enduring depression, but only if they did not have a very close relationship with the victim. CONCLUSION: This article puts forth a testable theory that helps to explain why some individuals are at risk for enduring depressive reactions to tragedy. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Language: en
Religion, Forced Migration and Schooling: varying influences of religious capital among Iraqi Christian refugee students in Jordan and the USA

This study is based on focus groups conducted with Christian Iraqi refugee secondary school students in the metropolitan Detroit area, and interviews with staff from volunteer aide agencies, non-governmental organizations, churches, and independent researchers in both Amman, Jordan as well as the Detroit metropolitan area. The article examines varying influences of religious capital among Iraqi Christian students. Examination of the operation of this capital within the context of the two countries' economic and foreign policy interests including their refugee policies exposes macro-level forces that render religious capital to function in countervailing manners. Iraqi Christian students in both Amman and Detroit experience the reverberating affects of an inverse relationship between their religious capital and their ability to live a stable and secure life in Iraq. Moreover, the ability of Iraqi refugees to wield their religious capital to their advantage in schooling is highly mediated by a dominant ideology within Jordan that positions them as 'foreigners', a restricted US refugee policy limiting the numbers allowed in, and a prevailing ideology within the USA that treats migrants from the Arab world as 'suspect' and potential threats to public safety and national security.
An Improved Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP) Platform for Protein Therapeutics

Unlike small-molecule drugs, the size and dynamics of protein therapeutics challenge existing methods for assessing their high order structures (HOS). To extend fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) to protein therapeutics, we modified its platform by introducing a mixing step prior to laser irradiation to minimize unwanted H2O2-induced oxidation. This improvement plus standardizing each step yield better reproducibility as determined by a fitting process whereby we used a non-FPOP spectrum as a template to report the unmodified level. We also tested different buffer systems for this modified FPOP platform with cytochrome c. The outcome is a standard oxidation profile that can be compared between different laboratories and regulatory agencies that wish to adopt FPOP for quality control purposes.
Effect of Single‐Dose Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers

Based on in vitro rat and human hepatocyte uptake studies showing inhibition of warfarin uptake in the presence of the nonspecific organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitor rifampin, a clinical study was conducted in 10 healthy volunteers to examine the in vivo relevance of OATP hepatic uptake on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin. In a randomized, single-dose, two-period, crossover design, subjects received a 7.5-mg dose of warfarin, either alone or immediately following a 600-mg intravenous dose of rifampin. Rifampin did not significantly alter the R- or S-warfarin area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) from 0 to 12 h (period of hepatic OATP inhibition by rifampin) or the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) value. AUC(0-∞) was decreased on days rifampin was administered, for both R-warfarin (25% reduction; P < 0.001) and S-warfarin (15% reduction; P < 0.05). No differences were seen in the area under the international normalized ratio (INR)-time curve. Our study suggests that hepatic uptake via OATPs may not be clinically important in the pharmacokinetics of warfarin.
UNUM: a tinker-toy approach to building multicore PowerPC microarchitectures

Summary form only for tutorial. The goal of the UNUM project is to show that it is possible to synthesize many different PowerPC models (both existing and new variants) quickly by using a library of microarchitectural IP blocks. The IP blocks and modules that we are developing include instruction decoder, branch predictor, speculative execution structures, ALUs, LI and L2 cache structures, and cache-coherence engines. This project in addition to providing PowerPC gateware for others to use, will shed light on how IP blocks should be written to be easily modifiable and reusable.
Revisiting the past: Intra-arterial vasopressin for severe gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease

Technological advances in the last couple of decades have led to a tremendous improvement in the safety and efficacy of embolization making it the therapeutic intervention of choice in angiogram positive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Vasopressin has thus been forgotten and it is hardly ever used by the current generation of interventionists. However, coil embolization is technically challenging and requires greater expertise. Difficulty in super-selective catheterization and lack of adequate collateralization can also prevent successful delivery of coils. In this article we present the successful use of intra-arterial vasopressin in a patient with Crohn's disease with severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite not being the first choice, vasopressin can be safely and effectively used in selected patients who are not candidates for embolotherapy. The purpose of this article is to discuss the relative merits and demerits of vasopressin vis-a-vis embolization and to identify the role of vasopressin in the current era of super-selective embolization. Successful control of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding by intra-arterial vasopressin infusion has previously been reported only once before in Crohn's disease. We suggest that this technique may be used in an attempt to avoid surgery in these patients.
Electronic-structure calculations of binary-alloy phase diagrams

A short-range-order--dependent electronic theory of coherent phase equilibrium in substitutional binary alloys is presented. The alloy internal energy is calculated using the cluster-Bethe-lattice method. The configurational entropy is evaluated using the cluster variation method. This approach is parameter free and uses only the results of elemental electronic-structure calculations as input. It is shown that the configuration dependence of the enthalpy of formation can be described by concentration-dependent effective pair interactions. Equilibrium phase diagrams for the Cr-W, Cr-Mo, and Mo-W systems are presented. Other thermodynamic properties can also be obtained. As an example, we calculate the chemical activities and high-temperature enthalpy of formation for the Cr-Mo system. The predicted phase diagrams and related thermodynamic functions are in good agreement with available experimental data.
Analysis of fluid film behaviour using dynamic wetting at a smooth and roughened surface

The dynamic wetting technique is described and used to create and aid in analysis of ultrathin (1–5 nm) films on vertically aligned, planar silver substrates of varying microscopic roughness (RMS roughness between 1 and 7 nm). Chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene fluids are applied to hexanethiol monolayer modified Ag substrates. The dynamic wetting approach allows direct investigation of the fluid–solid interface and provides a platform for investigating possible deviations from the hydrodynamic no-slip boundary condition. Surface analysis is carried out by contact angle measurements, vibrational spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. Data describe effects of the surface roughness, surface chemistry, fluid viscosity, and dynamic wetting velocity on the properties of the wetting film. Results indicate that fluid films are not present on very smooth (better than 5 nm RMS) or intermediate roughened substrates (RMS roughness around 7 nm), despite varying surface chemistry and varying wetting velocities. These results provide evidence to support the possibility of molecular slip at solid surfaces.
Portal Vein Embolization before Right Hepatectomy or Extended Right Hepatectomy Using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam: Technique and Initial Results

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of portal vein embolization (PVE) with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective review of 35 patients (27 men and 8 women; mean age, 61 y) who underwent PVE with STS foam was performed. The technical success rate, rate of PVE at producing adequate future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy, and rate of disease progression precluding resection after PVE were analyzed. Complications of PVE and liver resection after PVE were recorded. Results: PVE was performed on 35 patients before right hepatic resection for both primary and secondary hepatic malignancies (22 hepatocellular carcinoma, 10 metastasis, 2 cholangiocarcinoma, 1 invasive gallbladder carcinoma). Technical success was achieved in 97.1% (34 of 35) of patients. Mean FLR of the total estimated liver volume increased from 24.5% (SD, 7.7%) to 36.5% (SD, 14.5%), a mean percentage increase of 48.8% (SD, 34.3%). PVE produced adequate FLR hypertrophy in 31 of 35 patients (88.6%). Proposed right hepatectomy was subsequently performed in 27 patients (77.1%). One patient remains scheduled for surgery, two had peritoneal spread at surgery and resection was aborted, two had disease progression on imaging after PVE, and three had inadequate FLR hypertrophy with no surgery. One major complication was observed related to PVE that involved nontarget embolization to segment III, which was managed conservatively. Conclusions: Preoperative PVE with STS foam is a safe and effective method to induce hypertrophy of the FLR.
Therapists' Self-Reported Training and Success Rates in Treating Clients with Childhood Sexual Abuse

Szimrnary.-In this two-part study, rhree groups of therapists (16 psychologists, 11 counselors, and 14 social workers) were compared with regard ro their success rates with clients presenting with childhood sexual abuse, and 43 graduate ployr.lms were asked whether they offered courses covering counshg techniques with buch clients. Therapists' self-reported success rates were not significantly related to therapists' training, but type of therapy was. Given a response rate of 18.6%, self-repons should be treated cautiously. Over two-thirds of the training programs (45% response rate) offered courses covering issues in childhood sexual abuse and 67% offered courses covering counseling techniques with such clients. However, in 85% of these courses, treatment of childhood sexual abuse was a topic covered under more general course headings. The effects of childhood sexual abuse invade nearly every aspect of the victim's Me; Herman (1992) suggested that failure to recognize the complexity of issues expressed subsequent to abuse in childhood may lead to misdiagnosis of person&ty dsorders, which in turn may lead to an inadequate therapeutic plan. Thus, therapists worhg with childhood sexual abuse clients need to be trained to work with these clients. We designed a two-part study to examine the variables related to successful therapy with chdd sexual abuse clients. Part one focused on the level of tralnlng and self-reported success rate with childhood sexual abuse clients In che second part, we examined the amount of specific training offered by graduate programs and the amount of continuing education obtained by therapists specific to treating issues in sexual abuse in childhood.
CONCERT: a concurrent transient fault simulator for nonlinear analog circuits

The paper presents a novel concurrent fault simulator (called CONCERT) for nonlinear analog circuits. Three primary techniques in CONCERT including fault ordering, state prediction, and reduced order fault matrix computation, greatly simplify fault simulation by making use of the residual similarities between the faulty and fault free circuits. Between successive time steps, all circuits in the fault list are simulated concurrently before the simulator proceeds to the next time step. CONCERT also generates accurate fault coverage statistics that are tied to the circuit specifications. Up to two orders of magnitudes speedup are obtained for complete fault simulation, without any loss of accuracy. More speedup is achieved by CONCERT for evaluating the fault coverage of a test, using fault ordering and fault dropping technique.
Dilution and mixing in an unsteady jet

The mixing characteristics of a round, turbulent, unsteady jet were studied experimentally. A gravity-driven flow was created by releasing dyed fluid from a vertical tube into a large water tank. The jet velocity increased from zero to a maximum and then decreased continuously such that each run lasted about s. The jet dilution was examined by an optical absorption technique that measured the line integral of concentration across the jet diameter. These measurements revealed that the portion of the unsteady jet corresponding to the deceleration phase dilutes more than the steady jet. The molecular scale mixing, as deduced from an acid-base neutralization reaction, corroborated the finding that the jet mixes in a shorter distance than the steady jet.
A Touch of Turmeric: Examining an Ayurvedic Treasure

Turmeric, or Curcuma longa, is a perennial root plant of the ginger family. This plant originates from Asia and is widely grown and used inIndia. South Asians have used turmeric for its medicinal purposes for centuries and it has become integrated into spiritual life as a symbol of protection and purity (Ravindran et al. 2007). Turmeric acts as a powerful healing tool because of the phytochemicals it contains. The main phytochemical in turmeric is curcumin. Research shows that curcumin provides anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial health effects, among others. Curcumin may not be as beneficial as turmeric in its entirety due to variation in bioavailability (Martin et al., 2011). This extrapolation should be taken into consideration when attempting to reap the benefits of turmeric in the West.
Framing Retention for Institutional Improvement: A 4 Ps Framework

This chapter introduces a 4 Ps framework for student retention strategies—profile, progress, process, and promise. This framework provides a comprehensive approach to focusing retention research and strategies in ways that can improve institutional retention and completion rates.
Effects of temperature, seawater and impact on the strength, stiffness, and life of sandwich composites

A study was conducted to determine the effects of subzero temperatures, seawater saturation, and low velocity impact on the flexural strength, stiffness, and life of sandwich composites. Specimens ...
Resilient Moduli Response of Moderately Cement-Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregates

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate materials in road construction reduces natural resource depletion and promotes the recycling of RAP materials for other applications. However, product variability and low resilient moduli characteristics often limit RAP applications in road bases. Stabilization of RAP materials with cement was hence attempted in a research study to evaluate the effectiveness of cement treatments in enhancing resilient characteristics of RAP aggregates. The present paper describes the results from a series of resilient modulus tests that were conducted in a laboratory environment using a repeated load triaxial test setup. The effects of three different cement dosages and various confining and deviatoric stress levels on the resilient modulus (MR) response of treated RAP materials were studied. MR values of untreated and cement-treated RAP aggregates ranged from 180 to 340 MPa and 200 to 515 MPa, respectively, which reveal the enhancements with cement treatment. Regressi...
Self‐control, peer relations, and delinquency

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. [1990]. A general theory of crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press), individuals with low self‐control are likely to have unstable personal relationships and select into similar peer groups. Although a great deal is known about the effect of peers on delinquency, and research indicates that low self‐control is associated with poorer personal bonds in adults, the relationship between self‐control, peer relations, and adolescent delinquency is less well known. Developmental research suggests that impulsive children are more likely to be rejected by their peers and may have few conventional peer choices. This research investigates the process through which self‐control influences peer relations and delinquency. Significant direct effects of self‐control on peer rejection, association with deviant peers and delinquency were found, while self‐control remained a significant predictor of delinquency net of association with deviant peers....