cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Real-World Store Data for Foot Traffic Forecasting

Time series forecasting is a fundamental task in machine learning and data mining. It is an active area of research, especially in applications that have direct impact on the real-world. Foot traffic forecasting is one such application, which has a direct impact on businesses and non-profits alike. In this paper, we propose and compare different prediction models for foot traffic forecasting. Our foot traffic data has been collected from wireless access points deployed at over 65 businesses across the United States, for more than one year. We validate our work by comparing to state-of-the-art time series forecasting approaches. Results show the competitiveness of our proposed method in comparison to our previous work and state-of-the-art procedures for time series forecasting.
Through Thick and Thin: The In Vitro Effects of Thickeners on Infant Feed Viscosity.

ABSTRACTBackground:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem in neonates, and current modalities for thickening human milk produce inconsistent outcomes. The objective of this in vitro study is to measure the viscosity effect of different thickening strategies.Methods:We thickened d
Comparative Clinical Effectiveness Research Focused on Community-Based Delivery of Palliative Care: Overview of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute's Funding Initiative

Palliative care is a growing specialty that addresses the needs of individuals diagnosed with advanced illness and their caregivers. Although palliative care has been shown to improve a variety of patient- and caregiver-centered outcomes, access to comprehensive palliative care services for patients is often limited. There is a need to identify the most effective approaches to delivering palliative care to patients in community settings. In fiscal year 2017, based on extensive input from a diverse set of stakeholders, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) funded nine multisite comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) trials focused on community-based delivery of palliative care for a total investment of $80 million. These studies, focusing on advance care planning and models of palliative care delivery, represent some of the largest most complex palliative care trials funded to date. Each study evaluates both patient and caregiver outcomes, and together, these trials include a broad range of health conditions, interventions, and settings of care. PCORI has also fostered a learning network of the funded awardees to facilitate the successful conduct of these CER studies and to support awardee efforts to develop collaborative products relevant to advancing the field of palliative care research and practice. The protocols of each of the nine trials, detailed in this issue, demonstrate the expansive reach of the investment PCORI has made in an effort to further the research agenda and provide substantive research evidence in stakeholder-identified areas of need in the field of palliative care.
Choice of Surgical Options in Kidney Cancer and Surgical Complications

Surgical resection of renal cell carcinoma plays a large role in the overall management of the disease. The gold standard for surgical management historically has been open or laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, however, evidence of equivalent oncologic efficacy with improved clinical outcomes has driven the use of nephron-sparing surgeries, especially for smaller and localized renal tumors. A role for surgery remains in metastatic RCC as well, but controversy exists as to which patients may benefit most from surgical intervention in addition to other systemic targeted therapies. This article focuses specifically on renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma is not described here.
Geographic region, student loans, and college graduation rates

Student loan debt has become an increasingly important topic among American students, families, politicians, and economists. These student loans are even more concerning for those who do not complete their course of education and are left with reduced earning potential. Although an expansive collection of scholarly research has examined the outcomes - both financial and psychological - of student debt burdens, very few studies have considered the combined effects of endogenous and exogenous characteristics on graduation likelihood. To this end, we conducted a series of analyses to test multiple environmental variables' influence on graduation rates and student loan levels. We found out that school size and type, student background, and regional factors all heavily influenced both graduation rates and student loan debt.
Millimeter wave phase shifters based on microwave-induced birefringence

Millimeter wave phase shifters based on microwave-induced birefringence in artificial Kerr media have been demonstrated. Full-wave phase shifts produced by alignment of rod-shaped particles in a liquid suspension make possible the development of millimeter wave analogs of nonlinear optical devices.
A conformal array of microfabricated optically-pumped first-order gradiometers for magnetoencephalography

An array of 21 first-order gradiometers based on zero-field optically-pumped magnetometers is demonstrated for use in magnetoencephalography. Sensors are oriented radially with respect to the head and housed in a helmet with moveable holders which conform to the shape of a scalp. Our axial gradiometers have a baseline of 2 cm and reject laser and vibrational noise as well as common-mode environmental magnetic noise. The median sensitivity of the array is 15.4 fT/Hz1/2, measured in a human-sized magnetic shield. All magnetometers are operated independently with negative feedback to maintain atoms at zero magnetic field. This yields higher signal linearity and operating range than open-loop operation and a measurement system that is less sensitive to systematic and ambient magnetic fields. All of the system electronics and lasers are compacted into one equipment rack which offers a favorable outlook for use in clinical settings.
Human Activity Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Network Classifiers on Raw Signals from Insole Piezoresistors

Human Activity recognition has many potential applications in telemedicine and rehabilitation. The advent and recent improvements in deep learning have encouraged the development of more accurate classifiers that were previously unprecedented. The present work focuses on classifying human activity using small, raw datasets collected with instrumented and customized footwear. Multi-channel time series data were recorded and transmitted wirelessly to a recurrent neural network classifier, which was able to classify 6 activities with an accuracy of up to $87. 0 \pm 8. 9$%. Lower level features were detected by the use of convolution. The present work shows that it is possible to use artificial neural network based software techniques to accurately classify data, even with small datasets and low-cost electronic hardware.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide dosing in obese patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is the backbone of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment and is dosed based on weight with no upper limit, therefore obese patients receive large doses and may be vuln...
Fundamental parameters of Cepheids. V. Additional photometry and radial velocity for southern Cepheids

I present photometric and radial velocity data for Galactic Cepheids, most of them being in the southern hemisphere. There are 1250 Geneva 7-color photometric measurements for 62 Cepheids, the average uncertainty per measurement is better than 0.01 mag. A total of 832 velocity measurements have been obtained with the CORAVEL radial velocity spectrograph for 46 Cepheids. The average accuracy of the radial velocity data is 0.38 km/s. There are 33 stars with both photometry and radial velocity data. I discuss the possible binarity or period change that these new data reveal. I also present reddenings for all Cepheids with photometry. The data are available electronically.
Novel SOD1 monoclonal antibodies against the electrostatic loop preferentially detect misfolded SOD1 aggregates.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease that leads to motor neuron degeneration and paralysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations are the second most common cause of familial ALS and are responsible for up to 20 % of familial ALS cases. In ALS patients, SOD1 can form toxic misfolded aggregates that deposit in the brain and spinal cord. To better detect SOD1 aggregates and expand the repertoire of conformational SOD1 antibodies, SOD1 monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing SOD1 knockout mice with an SOD1 fragment consisting of amino acids 129-146, which make up part of the electrostatic loop. A series of hybridomas secreting antibodies were screened and five different SOD1 monoclonal antibodies (2C10, 2F8, 4B11, 5H5, and 5A10) were found to preferentially detect denatured or aggregated SOD1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), filter trap assay, and immunohistochemical analysis in SOD1 mouse models. The staining with these antibodies was compared to Campbell-Switzer argyrophilic reactivity of pathological inclusions. These new conformational selective SOD1 antibodies will be useful for clinical diagnosis of SOD1 ALS and potentially for passive immunotherapy.
Determination of critical parameters for design of semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials

Abstract Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) are receiving considerable attention due to their unique properties and are leading to many exciting new application such as modified emission, negative refraction, and enhanced wave guiding. Application and properties of the semiconductor HMMs stem from the fact that a negative dielectric response is achieved for one of the principal components resulting in an “infinite” density of states. Key parameters in designing these stacks are the free electron character of the metallic component and the thickness of the metallic and dielectric regions. Metallic layers are achieved through degenerate doping of a semiconductor layer. In this article, we show that the nominal key parameters are in fact significantly different from the as-grown structure. However when appropriate values are used the effective medium theory accurately represents the optical properties of the composite structure. We show changes occur in both the metal carrier concentration and the thickness of the metallic and semiconductor regions. We argue the change from the nominal structures could result from a combination of simple band bending and depletion effects, which results in an undoped region in the original metallic layer and increased carrier concentration in the remaining metallic region. These effects must be taken into account to accurately predict the properties when designing structures using semiconductor HMMs.
Amorphization Mechanisms in AlxGa1-xAs

Bulk ion implantations of AlxGa1-xAs (x = 0.6 or 0.85) were performed at 77 K with 1.5 MeV Kr+, 1 MeV Ar+ or 1.5 MeV++ ions, and the resulting damage state examined by using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-channeling at 77 K and 293 K and transmission electron microscopy at 300 K. Amorphization of a portion of the AlxGa1-x As layer occurred at 77 K only for the 1.5 MeV Kr+ implantation, although the dose required to cause amorphization was higher for the higher Al content alloy. TRIM calculations[10–11 ] show that with this implantation the density of high energy density cascades varies as a function of depth through the layer and that these are superimposed on a high, uniform density of defects. Comparison of the ion channeling spectra at 77 K and 293 K shows that recovery occurs over a portion of the layer in the Al0.6Ga0.4As but is not detected in the Al0.85Ga0.15As layer. In both alloys, the room temperature microstructure consists of an amorphous and a crystalline region. The amorphous region extends from the deeper AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs interface into the layer, and is separated from the crystalline material by a crystalline region containing planar defects. The difference between the alloys is in the extent of this latter region, which decreases in width with increasing Al content. These results will be used to examine current models for amorphization in the AlxGa1-xAs system.
Experimental aerodynamics of a rotor entry vehicle.

Aerodynamic performance tests of autorotative unpowered rotor entry vehicle model at various Mach numbers and angles of attack
Clinical Applications of Minimal Residual Disease Assessments by Tumor-Informed and Tumor-Uninformed Circulating Tumor DNA in Colorectal Cancer

Emerging data suggest that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can detect colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific signals across both non-metastatic and metastatic settings. With the development of multiple platforms, including tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic ctDNA assays and demonstration of their provocative analytic performance to detect minimal residual disease, there are now ongoing, phase III randomized clinical trials to evaluate their role in the management paradigm of CRC. In this review, we highlight landmark studies that have formed the basis for ongoing studies on the clinically applicability of plasma ctDNA assays in resected, stage I–III CRC and metastatic CRC. We discuss clinical settings by which ctDNA may have the most immediate impact in routine clinical practice. These include the potential for ctDNA to (1) guide surveillance and intensification or de-intensification strategies of adjuvant therapy in resected, stage I–III CRC, (2) predict treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer inclusive of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), and (3) predict response to systemic and surgical therapies in metastatic disease. We end by considering clinical variables that can influence our ability to reliably interpret ctDNA dynamics in the clinic.
Modelling the functional roles of synaptic and extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor dynamics in circadian timekeeping.

In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary neurotransmitter. GABA can signal through two types of GABAA receptor subunits, often referred to as synaptic GABAA (ga...
Evaluation of local bioavailability of metronidazole from topical formulations using dermal microdialysis: Preliminary study in a Yucatan mini-pig model.

Abstract Dermal microdialysis (dMD) can measure the rate and extent to which a topically administered active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) becomes available in the dermis. Using multiple test-sites on the same subject, and replicate probes at each test-site, it is feasible to compare the cutaneous pharmacokinetics of an API from different topical dermatological drug products in parallel on the same subject with this technique. This study design would help to reduce variability. However, there are technical considerations related to the dMD experimental methods that must be characterized and optimized to ensure that an in vivo dMD study is selective, sensitive, discriminating, and reproducible. The goals of this study were to assess: the minimum distance required between test-sites to prevent cross-talk between probes due to potential lateral-diffusion; the sensitivity of the dMD method to detect differences in the local concentration of metronidazole (MTZ) among single escalating doses; the ability to discriminate between the two different formulations; and the stability of the dMD-probes over 48 h. Results indicate that lateral-diffusion and systemic redistribution of the API following topical application of the drug product were negligible, thus MTZ measured by dMD can be selectively attributed to the dermal bioavailability of the API from the applied topical dose. The dMD methodology was able to detect differences in the bioavailability of MTZ from the cream compared to the gel when applied at the same dose, as well as among different doses of the same formulation over a 48-hour sampling duration; therefore, the method is sensitive. The percentage loss of D3−MTZ from the probe compared to its original concentration in the perfusate indicates that the probe performance was stable over the 48 h.
WE-EF-303-03: A New Aperture-Based Imaging System for Prompt-Gamma Range Verification of Proton Beam Therapy

Purpose: To develop and characterize a novel aperture-based imaging system for high-energy gamma-rays. This collimated system will provide 2-dimensional imaging capability for verification of proton beam range and Bragg peak dose via prompt-gamma detection. Methods: A multi-knife-edge slit collimator has been designed, constructed, and characterized via simulations and experimental measurements. The 20×20×7.5 cm3 tungsten collimator and accompanying LSO scintillation detector were simulated using the TOPAS Geant4 -based Monte Carlo package. Iterative reconstruction methods were combined with point response functions to characterize the imaging performance of the system. The response of the system has begun to be characterized experimentally as well, using 2.6 MeV gamma-rays from Th-228. Results: Both simulation and experimental results indicate that this collimated system provides 2-D imaging capability in the energy range of interest for prompt-gamma dose verification. In the current configuration, with collimator to source distance of 13 cm, image reconstruction of point sources resulted in spatial resolution (FWHM) of approximately 4 mm in both x-and y-directions in the imaging plane. The accuracy of positioning the point sources is less than 1 mm. Conclusion: This work has characterized, via simulation and measurements, a novel multi-knife-edge slit collimator in front of a more conventional position-sensitive LSO scintillator detector. The multi-slit pattern is designed to increase detection efficiency and provide spatial information in 2-dimensions -- an improvement over a single-slit collimator design. The thickness and density of the collimator will allow this detection system to perform well in an environment with high gamma flux, while ultimately providing peak determination accuracy on the order of 1 mm. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number: DE-NA0000979 through the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium.
Federal Issues in Trade Secret Law

Cohen explores the ways in which federal issues impact the generalized notion that trade-secret laws are governed mainly by state law. Throughout the article, Cohen describes the various federal statutes and regulations that impact trade-secret law ranging in fields from government procurement contracts to military secrecy. Cohen delves into the impact that the Freedom of Information Act has had upon trade-secrets, as well as issues such as the interstate transport of documentation or electronic media copies of trade secrets. Cohen also investigates the effects that federal police powers, including the USA PATRIOT Act, have on trade-secret laws. Finally, Cohen ends with a survey of federal areas that have an impact, although incidental, on areas of trade-secrets law such as bankruptcy law, tax law, antitrust law, and issues with e-commerce.
Dr. Packianathan “Chella” Chelladurai: An Eminent Scholar in Sport Management. [Dr. Packianathan “Chella” Chelladurai: Un eminente académico en gestión deportiva].

Dr. Packianathan “Chella” Chelladurai has a long and distinguished career in sport management and is a recognized scholar of management science. Chella received his Bachelor’s and Doctor of Physical Education degrees from the University of Madras, India. He was a member of the All Star Basketball Team of India and coached several basketball teams. Chella left India to pursue graduate studies in Canada. He received a Master’s degree in physical education from the University of Western Ontario, and an additional Master’s degree from the University of Waterloo. Chella further pursued his Ph.D in management science as well from the University of Waterloo. Chella served on the faculty of the University of Western Ontario from 1971 to 1991. He then joined the faculty at The Ohio State University from 1991 until his retirement in 2012. Currently, Chella is a Distinguished Professor of Sport Management at Troy University. Full Text/Texto completo: PDF -------------------------------------------------------------------- References/referencias Fletcher, R.B., & Roberts, M.H. (2013). Longitudinal stability of the leadership scale for sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science , 17, 89-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2013.761021 Riemer, H.A., & Toon, K. (2001). Leadership and satisfaction in tennis: Examination of congruence, gender, and ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 72(3), 243 – 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608957 --------------------------------------------------------------------
Does Your Carer Take Sugar? Carers and Human Rights: The Parallel Struggles of Disabled People and Carers for Equal Treatment

This paper considers the struggle being waged by unpaid carers (sometimes referred to as ‘carergivers’) for recognition as ‘rights holders’. It locates the origins and describes the growth of the ‘carers movement’ and argues that it has many similarities with the Disabled People’s movement that came to prominence in the 1970’s. The paper: (1) identifies the distinct legal status that carers have in the majority of states in the world; (2) describes carers’ shared history of adverse treatment within most states; and (3) argues that carers’ social exclusion arises from a widespread hostility to ‘dependency’ – a hostility that is gendered and particularly evident in neoliberal political discourse. The paper argues that there is a substantive human right ‘to care’ – one that fits most comfortably within the civil and political right to ‘privacy / private life’; that states have positive human rights obligations to carers; and that ‘being a carer’ should (and will) become a protected status for the purposes of non-discrimination legislation, on the same basis as other protected statuses (such as disability). The paper concludes with a caveat: that the recognition of caring as a human right and of carers as ‘right holders’ (although inevitable and of great importance) will not in itself be sufficient – that this much we also learn from the Disabled People’s movement.
Obesity and departments of family medicine.

Obesity is a national problem and one of great concern to many family medicine departments. That’s scarcely surprising given that an epidemic like obesity is unlikely to be affected by a traditional medical treatment model. Reducing obesity rates will likely require an integrated approach that
Landau damping effects and evolutions of energy spread in small isochronous ring

This paper presents the Landau damping effects on the microwave instability of a coasting long bunch in an isochronous ring due to finite energy spread and emittance. Our two-dimensional (2D) dispersion relation gives more accurate predictions of the microwave instability growth rates of short-wavelength perturbations than the conventional 1D formula. The long-term evolution of energy spread is also studied by measurements and simulations.
Tensile behaviors of graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes with multiple Stone–Wales defects

Abstract An atomistic based finite bond element model has been developed to study the effects of multiple Stone–Wales (5-7-7-5) defects on mechanical properties of graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes. The element formulation includes 8 degrees of freedom reducing computational cost compared to the 12 degrees of freedom used in other FE type models. The coefficients of the elements are determined based on the analytical molecular structural mechanics model developed by the authors. The model uses the modified Morse potential to predict the Young's modulus and stress–strain relationship of perfect and defective nanotubes and graphene sheets. The variation of ultimate stress, strain at failure, and Young's modulus values of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets have been examined as a function of the distance between two defects aligned in the axial and hoop directions. The mechanical properties as a function of the number of defects in the hoop direction are also studied. It is found that the moduli are sensitive to the tube lengths when the total tube length is used to compute the strain. If one uses a local defective length to define the strain, a size independent modulus can be obtained for the defective region. The diameter of the affected region (2 nm) from a single defect is defined as the defective length and is used for all different tube lengths examined in the present study. The effects of defect density on mechanical properties of tubes of any lengths are also discussed.
Intrapsychic Conflict and Deviant Sexual Behavior in Sex Offenders

Abstract Sex offenders have been shown to possess a number of consistent characteristics such as lack of empathic responding, distorted cognitions, a sense of entitlement, and lack of self-esteem. Though these constructs have been given considerable attention in the literature, little attention has been paid to what role intrapsychic conflict may play in the commission of sexual offenses. The purpose of the present study was to determine how well the associated affective and cognitive characteristics of intrapsychic conflict could distinguish between incarcerated sex offenders and incarcerated non-sex offenders. Results indicated that significant differences in intrapsychic conflict were obtained for these two populations as measured by the Discordance subscale of the Garos Sexual Behavior Index. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Developing Critical Thinking in the Perioperative Environment

Critical thinking is considered an essential skill for nurses by many, including major accrediting agencies, health care administrators, and AORN. This is in part because of the environment in which nurses function. Health care, medicine, technology, and nursing are dynamic and constantly changing. The perioperative environment is complex, fast paced, unique, and oftentimes unpredictable. Critical thinking skills enable perioperative nurses to function effectively and evolve in this ever-changing environment. Nursing education programs are mandated to teach critical thinking skills. It is the practice arena, however, that refines, hones, and grows these skills. This article provides an overview of critical thinking in the context of nursing, as well as strategies and interventions designed to teach critical thinking skills.
Learning to rank with SoftRank and Gaussian processes

In this paper we address the issue of learning to rank for document retrieval using Thurstonian models based on sparse Gaussian processes. Thurstonian models represent each document for a given query as a probability distribution in a score space; these distributions over scores naturally give rise to distributions over document rankings. However, in general we do not have observed rankings with which to train the model; instead, each document in the training set is judged to have a particular relevance level: for example "Bad", "Fair", "Good", or "Excellent". The performance of the model is then evaluated using information retrieval (IR) metrics such as Normalised Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG). Recently Taylor et al. presented a method called SoftRank which allows the direct gradient optimisation of a smoothed version of NDCG using a Thurstonian model. In this approach, document scores are represented by the outputs of a neural network, and score distributions are created artificially by adding random noise to the scores. The SoftRank mechanism is a general one; it can be applied to different IR metrics, and make use of different underlying models. In this paper we extend the SoftRank framework to make use of the score uncertainties which are naturally provided by a Gaussian process (GP), which is a probabilistic non-linear regression model. We further develop the model by using sparse Gaussian process techniques, which give improved performance and efficiency, and show competitive results against baseline methods when tested on the publicly available LETOR OHSUMED data set. We also explore how the available uncertainty information can be used in prediction and how it affects model performance.
Repositioning Teacher Action Research in Science Teacher Education

For more than 50 years action research has been promoted as a way for teachers to engage in inquiry into their educational situations to improve their practice, their students’ learning, and to add...
INCORPORATION OF NASAL-LINING MASS-TRANSFER RESISTANCE INTO A CFD MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF OZONE DOSIMETRY IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

AbstractInhalation of ambient concentrations of ozone (a strong oxidant) has been reported to injure regions of the monkey and rat upper respiratory tract (URT) that contain little intraepithelial mucosubstances (regions lined by transitional epithelium) and to spare adjacent regions that contain abundant stored secretory products (regions lined by respiratory epithelium). It is therefore hypothesized that mucus provides a major resistance to ozone mass transport in the URT. As part of a larger project to predict health risks of inhaled gases, a previously developed, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the Fischer 344 (F344) rat nasal passage was modified to describe transport of ozone. In this study, mass-transfer resistance in the nasal lining was incorporated into the CFD model for prediction of ozone dosimetry. Static mucus and tissue layers were considered. A boundary condition was developed that incorporates mass-transfer resistance in the nasal lining due to one-dimensional diffusion and fi...
Theoretical Studies of Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. 16. Oxidative Promotion of the Migratory Insertion of Carbon Monoxide in Cyclopentadienylmethyldicarbonyliron (II)

Density functional methodology has been used to study the mechanistic details of the migratory insertion of CO into the transition metal−alkyl σ bond of the Fe cyclopentadienyl complexes CpFe(CO)2CH3 and [CpFe(CO)2CH3]+ in the presence of phosphine, PH3. Geometries, energies, and vibrational frequencies of reactants, molecular complexes, transition states, intermediates, and products are determined. Methyl migration with little PH3 participation is the rate-determining step for both the neutral system and the cation system. Addition of PH3 stabilizes the metastable intermediates [CpFe(CO)(COCH3)- -PH3]0/+ and the products [CpFe(CO)(COCH3)(PH3)]0/+. The calculated activation energies of the rate-determining steps are 17.8 and 7.5 kcal/mol for the neutral and cation reaction, respectively. The significant difference in these barriers is not due to the oxidatively promoted reaction utilizing a significantly different mechanism, but is interpreted in terms of methyl migration in the cation as having more radi...
Effect of culture conditions on monoclonal antibody production from genetically modified tobacco suspension cultures

Oxygen supply and inoculum age were found to affect the production of the heavy chain monoclonal antibody (HC MAb) from genetically modified tobacco suspension cultures. The increase of oxygen supply increased both cell growth and HC MAb production. Furthermore, the increased aeration and mixing improved the production of HC MAb based on the unit amount of cells or total soluble proteins. This indicated that the increased aeration improved the production and secretion of HC MAb more than other cell components. HC MAb production and cell growth also improved when batch cultures were inoculated with actively dividing cells (5-day old) rather than the fullygrown cells (7- or 10-day old cells) that are commonly used for subcultures. The addition of glutamine to the medium also improved cell growth and HC MAb production.
Eye Fixations and Cognitive Processes.

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical account of the sequence and duration of eye fixation during a number of simple cognitive tasks, such as mental rotation, sentence verification, and quantitative comparison. In each case, the eye fixation behavior is linked to a processing model for the task by assuming that the eye fixates the referent of the symbol being operated on.
Virus causing paralysis of adult honeybees in Ohio

Abstract Adult paralyzed honey bees from a heavily diseased colony were examined. Preparations contained two forms of virus particles, of which about 80% were icosahedral (pentagonal and hexagonal) particles, similar in form to those described by Bailey et al. (1963) as ABPV (acute bee-paralysis virus) but differing in size. The average size of these particles was 346 A. The other 20% of the particles were generally the same in shape and size as CBPV (chronic bee-paralysis virus) with an average size of 234 × 456 A. Adult bees injected with the infectious material and held at two different temperatures died much sooner than those individuals injected with sterile water or those not injected.
Cooperation or Cooptation An Analysis of Quality Circle Training Manuals

This study focuses upon the messages presented in quality circle training manuals. Analyzing 10 of the most popular manuals designed for quality circle members, we explore whether the training goes beyond instruction in problem solving and facilitates changes in the way the workers think about themselves and their relationships with management and unions. Content analysis of over 500 messages indicates the messages overwhelmingly represent the concerns, values, and perspectives of management. We conclude that it is imperative that workers and unions be aware of the messages embedded within these manuals and work with management to assure that multiple positions are recognized and taken into account in any type of participation program.
Ultraviolet laser photoacoustic spectrometric determination of sulfur dioxide in mixtures containing larger amounts of nitrogen dioxide

Abstract Concentrations of sulfur dioxide in the nl l −1 range are quantitatively measured in gaseous mixtures containing a large excess of nitrogen dioxide by using ultraviolet laser photoacoustic spectrometry. Mixtures containing SO 2 as a minority component are prepared by gas permeation methods. Photoacoustic spectra with 0.5 cm −1 resolution in the 299.7–303.1 nm region are presented and are used to identify the spectral signatures of each component needed for selective detection. A procedure for the determination of both SO 2 and NO 2 is presented with major emphasis on the sensitivity and dynamic range of SO 2 detection. Concentrations of SO 2 as low as 1.45 nl l −1 are detected in the presence of 901 nl l −1 NO 2 in nitrogen at 1 atm total pressure. The effect of adding water vapor (from 17 to 66% relative humidity) is described.
On-chip parallel detection of foodborne pathogens using loop-mediated isothermal amplification

According to estimates issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, one out of six Americans will get sick during this year due to consumption of contaminated products and there will be 50,000 related hospitalizations. To control and treat the responsible foodborne diseases, rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is extremely important. A portable device capable of performing nucleic acid amplification will enable the effective detection of infectious agents in multiple settings, leading to better enforcement of food safety regulations. This work demonstrates the multiplexed detection of food pathogens through loop-mediated isothermal amplification on a silicon chip. Silane passivation is used to prevent the adsorption of the polymerase on silicon oxide, which can severely inhibit nucleic acid amplification. We demonstrate the multiplexed screening of virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella by dehydrating the corresponding primers in oxidized silicon wells. Droplets of 30 nL with reagents for nucleic acid amplification and lysate of suspected pathogens are arrayed on micro-machined wells with an automated microinjection system. We show that dehydrated primers re-suspend when other reagents are microinjected, and the resulting mix can be used to specifically amplify the targeted gene. Results of characterization experiments demonstrate sensitivity down to a few templates per reaction, specificity that enables multiplexed screening, and robustness that allows amplification without DNA extraction.
Honor, brotherhood, and the corporate ethos of London's Barber-Surgeons' Company, 1570-1640.

As the largest and most civically active body of medical practitioners in the late Tudor and early Stuart period, surgeons played a vital role in London's urban landscape, but remained precariously vulnerable to abasement due to the regular contact with death and disease necessitated by their work. Based on an analysis of guild records, printed surgical manuals, and conduct literature, this study explores the emergent corporate ethos of London's Barber-Surgeons' Company and addresses the identity formation of surgeons in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. By implementing codes of conduct and uniform standards of practice, punishing transgressions of propriety, and developing legislation to limit the activities of unlicensed and foreign practitioners, Company officers ardently sought social and occupational legitimacy within a milieu characterized by a tremendous emphasis on status and hierarchy. Rooted in methodology drawn from the social history of medicine and cultural anthropology, this study argues that in response to the persistent stigma associated with their work and London's increasingly prevalent culture of credit, surgeons, like other artisanal groups, sought to enhance their social legitimacy and occupational respectability by manipulating contemporary social rituals, reinforcing the honorable associations of their work, and preserving the veneer of brotherhood and camaraderie. KEYWORDS: barber-surgeons, surgery, livery companies, honor, civic culture, London.
Interpretation of CPK Activity

To the Editor.— Although the article by Nevins et al (224:1382, 1973) "Pitfalls in Interpreting Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Activity" was generally excellent and comprehensive, the authors showed no awareness of what is likely to be in many urban hospitals in the United States the single most common "pitfall" in interpreting serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. I refer to the unequivocal demonstration that serum CPK activity is significantly greater in black males than white males and in black females than white females. 1 We have replicated these findings in another study. 2 The differences are fairly substantial. Nevins et al utilized the modified Oliver-Rosalki method and claimed the normal limits were 30 international units (IU) per liter for females, 50 IU/liter for males. These are the limits proposed by Calbiochem for their CPK assay kit, which employs this method, although Nevins et al did not indicate if they used this kit
Further experience with shielded precipitation‐gages on Blue Hill and Mount Washington

In 1938, I described certain wind-shields for precipitation-gages, and indicated that a design closest to the Nipher type of 1878 seemed to be most satisfactory, allowance being made, however, for the discharge of snow below [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. Since this “best” design had only just been set up there were practically no comparative data then available. In the two years that have passed, catches obtained with the latest (1838) shield have been compared on Blue Hill and Mount Washington with those in gages carrying other shields, and, on Blue Hill, with Unshielded gages as well.
Missile injury of upper ureter treated by delayed renal autotransplantation and ureteropyelostomy

We report a case of extensive upper ureteral loss due to a missile injury managed by delayed renal autotransplantation and ureteropyelostomy using the residual lower ureteral segment. The successful outcome attests to the value of this therapeutic strategy in severe traumatic injuries to the ureter secondary to bullet or shrapnel fragments.
“High Liquid Glucose” for Oral Use in Renal Failure.

Conclusion“High liquid glucose” drink, if tolerated by a patient in renal failure, is an excellent agent for increasing carbohydrate and caloric intake. This decreases the rate of rise of BUN by decreasing protein catabo-lism and thus reduces the incidence of hemo-dialysis.
Multiphoton pair creation.

Pair creation by an intense linearly polarized pulse in the vicinity of a nucleus is considered. It is shown to be negligibly small for all laser intensities for essentially all frequencies. Some novel theoretical effects are obtained from the relativistic generalization of the ponderomotive potential.
Evaluating batterer counseling programs: A difficult task showing some effects and implications

Abstract Over 40 published program evaluations have attempted to address the effectiveness of “batterer programs” in preventing reassaults. Summaries and meta-analysis of these evaluations suggest little or no “program effect.” Methodological shortcomings, however, compromise most of these quasi-experimental evaluations. Three recent experimental studies appear to confirm little or no effect, but implementation problems, intention-to-treat design, and sample attrition limit these results. A longitudinal 4-year follow-up evaluation in four cities poses additional considerations and evidence of at least a moderate program effect. There is a clear deescalation of reassault and other abuse, the vast majority of men do reach sustained nonviolence, and about 20% continuously reassault. The prevailing cognitive–behavioral approach appears appropriate for most of the men, but the following enhancements are warranted: swift and certain court response for violations, intensive programming for high-risk men, and ongoing monitoring of risk. Program effectiveness depends substantially on the intervention system of which the program is a part.
Achievement Motivation Scores and Biographical Variables Associated with Marital Status of High School Graduates (1907–1967)

A discriminant analysis suggested significant biographical and motivational differences between 7 single and 41 married women (but not men, ns = 4 and 54) who graduated from a small midwestern high...
Equal path length design for a phased array antenna system

Abstract A procedure is presented for positioning the various elements of a phased array antenna system preserving the “equal path length” characteristic. This antenna system consists of one horn illuminating a planar array (which is space-fed), each element of which is connected through an amplifier to the corresponding element of a radiating planar array. The objective is to make the total path length from the horn to any element of the radiating array via the respective points just described the same for all such elements. This is a desirable feature for making the system broad-band. An example is given and a corresponding model having the equal path length characteristic is built.
Geographic differentiation of cortical monoterpenoids of Pseudotsuga macrocarpa

Abstract Cortical essential oil from Pseudotsuga macrocarpa was analyzed for monoterpenoid compounds. Only minor differences were apparent between samples collected in different locations. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa and P. menziesii appeared to be quite distinct chemically. No evidence was obtained of any gene exchange between the two species in the southern California coastal region, where they grow a short distance from each other.
Reliability of a common solution-based taste perception test: implications for validity and a briefer test.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess test–retest reliability of a common method for quantifying taste perception and its association with gustatory responses and individual risk for obesity and related health conditions. Forty-six healthy adults rated 20 mixtures comprised of 5 dairy beverages varied in fat content and mixed with sugar concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, following existing procedures. Individuals rated the sweetness, creaminess, and pleasantness of each mixture during two taste testing sessions occurring 7 ± 2 days apart. Test–retest correlations were of the expected magnitudes ( r ≥ .50) only for the pleasantness ratings of mixtures with higher sugar concentrations. Correlations for sweetness and creaminess taste perception ratings were low, indicating that such ratings may not be reliable over approximately one week, and challenging the validity of such ratings for measuring trait taste perception. A shortened version of the test may be warranted.
Generation and application of new rat monoclonal antibodies against synthetic FLAG and OLLAS tags for improved immunodetection

Previously, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by immunizing rats with the recombinant fusion proteins of mouse Langerin/CD207, which contained a flexible linker sequence from E. coli OmpF and a FLAG epitope. We found many of new rat mAbs were not reactive to mouse Langerin, and here we identify the epitopes of two of these IgG mAbs, L2 and L5, and assess their efficacy in various immunodetection methods. MAb L5 is a rat IgG mAb against the FLAG epitope, which detected both N-terminal and C-terminal FLAG tagged protein 2 to 8 times better than the conventional anti-FLAG mAb M2 by Western blot. For mAb L2, we found its epitope to be a 14 amino acid sequence SGFANELGPRLMGK which consisted of both sequences from the OmpF derived linker and mouse Langerin. This epitope sequence was named OLLAS (E. coli OmpF Linker and mouse Langerin fusion Sequence), and mAb L2 as mAb OLLA-2. When the OLLAS sequence was inserted into recombinant proteins at N-terminal, C-terminal, or internal sites, the OLLAS tag was detected by mAb OLLA-2 with very high sensitivity compared to other conventional epitope tags and anti-tag mAbs. MAb OLLA-2 recognized OLLAS tagged proteins with at least 100-fold more sensitivity than anti-FLAG M2 and anti-V5 mAbs in Western blot analyses. We also find the OLLAS epitope to be superior in immunoprecipitation and other immunodetection methods, such as fluorescent immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In the process, we successfully utilized the OLLAS epitope sequence as an internal linker for fusion between the engineered mAb and the antigen, and thus achieved improved immunodetection.
Crystalline colloidal arrays: applications in organic lasers

The prospect of an inexpensive organic laser which can dynamically alter its lasing wavelength is desirable for a number of display and communication technologies. In this effort, real-time tuning of the lasing wavelength is accomplished through the use of colloidal crystals to provide the required reflectivity in an external resonator cavity design in which a gain medium is sandwiched between a dielectric stack and colloidal crystal. Optical pumping of the gain medium lead to a lasing peak that corresponded to the stop band of the photonic crystal. By varying the compressive strain placed on the colloidal crystal, the lasing could be tuned across the photoluminescent spectrum of the gain material. Repeated straining of the assembly did not appear to alter its proclivity to lase when photo-excited or introduce hysteresis in the lasing wavelength strain relationship. The fast response of the crystal to compressive strain could lead to pulsed organic lasers operating at kHz modulation frequencies.