cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hard to remove water in cellulose fibers characterized by high resolution thermogravimetric analysis - methods development

A new method is applied to classify water, termed ‘hard-to-remove (HR) water’, in a cellulosic fiber and water system from an isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The hard-to-remove (HR) water content is defined as the moisture ratio (g of water / g of dry sample) of the fiber-water system at the transition between the constant rate zone and the falling rate zone of evaporative change in mass. Specific experimental conditions have been defined for an appropriate measurement of the HR water content. The HR water content was correlated with measurable characteristics of cellulosic fibers including water retention value and freeness. The new TGA protocol can be performed on extremely small samples as a convenient and insightful characterization technique for cellulosic fibers.
The Influence of Syringomycin on Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis

Syringomycin, a wide-spectrum antibiotic produced by strains of Pseudomonas syringae which cause bacterial canker of peach, was able to bind to salmon sperm and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid but not to calf thymus histone; it also inhibited ribonucleic acid polymerase activity. These abilities to bind to deoxyribonucleic acid and to inhibit ribonucleic acid polymerase were inactivated when the phytotoxic and antibiotic properties of syringomycin were inactivated.
A state-independent interaction between ligand and a conserved arginine residue in cyclic nucleotide-gated channels reveals a functional polarity of the cyclic nucleotide binding site.

Abstract Activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels is thought to involve two distinct steps: a recognition event in which a ligand binds to the channel and a conformational change that both opens the channel and increases the affinity of the channel for an agonist. Sequence similarity with the cyclic nucleotide-binding sites of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases and the bacterial catabolite activating protein (CAP) suggests that the channel ligand binding site consists of a β-roll and three α-helices. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the third (or C) α-helix moves relative to the agonist upon channel activation, forming additional favorable contacts with the purine ring. Here we ask if channel activation also involves structural changes in the β-roll by investigating the contribution of a conserved arginine residue that, in CAP and the kinases, forms an important ionic interaction with the cyclized phosphate of the bound ligand. Mutations that conserve, neutralize, or reverse the charge on this arginine decreased the apparent affinity for ligand over four orders of magnitude but had little effect on the ability of bound ligand to open the channel. These data indicate that the cyclized phosphate of the nucleotide approaches to within 2–4 A of the arginine, forming a favorable ionic bond that is largely unaltered upon activation. Thus, the binding site appears to be polarized into two distinct structural and functional domains: the β-roll stabilizes the ligand in a state-independent manner, whereas the C-helix selectively stabilizes the ligand in the open state of the channel. It is likely that these distinct contributions of the nucleotide/C-helix and nucleotide/β-roll interactions may also be a general feature of the mechanism of activation of other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins.
Electrical Equipment for Heat Processing of Synthetic Fibers

Modern synthetic fibers require considerable quantities of closely controlled heat applied in several unusual mechanical forms in order to obtain their desirable characteristics.
Integer hexahedra equivalent to perfect boxes

(1995). Integer Hexahedra Equivalent to Perfect Boxes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 41-45.
Electricity in the cement industry

Practically completely electrified, the cement producing industry uses 2½ billion kilowatt-hours of electric energy annually in the production of its $275,000,000 output of 175 million barrels.
Variations of converter's control parameters and its effects on DC multi-converter power systems

Different dynamic and static relations are possible in multi-converter power systems where electromechanical and power electronic equipment interact with each other. Harmful operational situations due to control limit violations can rise during system disturbances. The development of control strategies, be it local or system-wide, are key issues to maintain desired behavior of the system. This work concentrates on the modeling and simulation of a DC multi-converter power system to analyze the effects of load and control parameter variations in the overall behavior of the system and provides insight to possible issues to be included in the development of appropriate control strategies.
Management of factor VIII inhibitors

The development of inhibitory alloantibodies to factor VIII is arguably one of the most severe and important complications of clotting factor concentrate exposure in haemophilia A. The development of an inhibitor compromises the ability to effectively manage haemorrhage, resulting in a greater rate of disability, complications and costs of therapy. This chapter briefly reviews the epidemiology, immunobiology, and laboratory evaluation of inhibitors. It discusses the therapeutic approach and management of inhibitors in various clinical settings and also focuses on inhibitor eradication practices (immune tolerance) and newer experimental strategies with potential clinical application for inhibitor prevention.
Evolution of catalysts directed by genetic algorithms in a plug-based microfluidic device tested with oxidation of methane by oxygen

This paper uses microfluidics to implement genetic algorithms (GA) to discover new homogeneous catalysts using the oxidation of methane by molecular oxygen as a model system. The parameters of the GA were the catalyst, a cocatalyst capable of using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, and ligands that could tune the catalytic system. The GA required running hundreds of reactions to discover and optimize catalyst systems of high fitness, and microfluidics enabled these numerous reactions to be run in parallel. The small scale and volumes of microfluidics offer significant safety benefits. The microfluidic system included methods to form diverse arrays of plugs containing catalysts, introduce gaseous reagents at high pressure, run reactions in parallel, and detect catalyst activity using an in situ indicator system. Platinum(II) was identified as an active catalyst, and iron(II) and the polyoxometalate H5PMo10V2O40 (POM-V2) were identified as active cocatalysts. The Pt/Fe system was further optimized and characterized using NMR experiments. After optimization, turnover numbers of approximately 50 were achieved with approximately equal production of methanol and formic acid. The Pt/Fe system demonstrated the compatibility of iron with the entire catalytic cycle. This approach of GA-guided evolution has the potential to accelerate discovery in catalysis and other areas where exploration of chemical space is essential, including optimization of materials for hydrogen storage and CO2 capture and modifications.
Looking For Niches In All The Right Places: Designing An MBA Program For The Next Decade

In an over-built, mature industry as is graduate management education it is increasingly important that schools find the right niche at which to target their MBA programs. However, the literature is largely silent as to how a school might go about the process of finding the right niche for its MBA. Using gap analysis and data from Occupational Outlook Handbook, we develop a process for identifying future employment trends as a means of identifying promising niches toward which to orient an MBA program. This is an important exercise for those who design MBA programs, especially in light of the AACSB/International’s current focus upon continuous improvement among its member institutions. Even if accreditation standards did not require it, the rapidly changing business climate makes continually upgrading MBA programs a necessity.
Potential for successful population establishment of the nonindigenous sacred ibis in the Florida Everglades

The nonindigenous sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) was first discovered breeding in the Florida Everglades in 2005 in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Prior to this, sacred ibises were seen periodically throughout South Florida since the mid 1990s, with occasional confirmed breeding occurrences in Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties. We used a logistic regression model developed by Allen (Biol Invasions 8:491–500, 2006) to predict the probability of successful establishment of sacred ibis in the Florida Everglades ecosystem. Empirical data collected from several sacred ibis nests and chicks were used to validate those findings. The probability of successful establishment was estimated to be 73%. The physiological condition of nestlings suggested that this species was able to fledge chicks in good condition, thus adding to the potential to increase their breeding population. Exponential population growth rates and expanding distribution of the nonindigenous sacred ibis in France demonstrate this species’ potential for becoming invasive in Florida. We suggest that the most prudent and effective management strategy is eradication of the few pioneering individuals that are nesting in the Everglades as well as the urban source population.
Distantly Labeling Data for Large Scale Cross-Document Coreference

Cross-document coreference, the problem of resolving entity mentions across multi-document collections, is crucial to automated knowledge base construction and data mining tasks. However, the scarcity of large labeled data sets has hindered supervised machine learning research for this task. In this paper we develop and demonstrate an approach based on ``distantly-labeling'' a data set from which we can train a discriminative cross-document coreference model. In particular we build a dataset of more than a million people mentions extracted from 3.5 years of New York Times articles, leverage Wikipedia for distant labeling with a generative model (and measure the reliability of such labeling); then we train and evaluate a conditional random field coreference model that has factors on cross-document entities as well as mention-pairs. This coreference model obtains high accuracy in resolving mentions and entities that are not present in the training data, indicating applicability to non-Wikipedia data. Given the large amount of data, our work is also an exercise demonstrating the scalability of our approach.
A Computational Study of the Effects of Charging Parameters on the Performance and Reversibility of a New Type SOFC Storage Battery

A high-fidelity two-dimensional axial symmetrical multi-physics model is established to analyze and predict the performance of a recently discovered solid oxide metal-air redox battery (SOMARB). In particular for this study, the effects of the parameters used in the charge cycle including current density, depth-of-discharge and kinetic rate of Fe 3 O 4 -reduction on the performance have been systematically investigated. Three strategies are subsequently developed with goal of achieving a balanced specific energy and cycle efficiency for the best performance of SOMARB.
Surfer: an extensible pull-based framework for resource selection and ranking

Grid computing aims to connect large numbers of geographically and organizationally distributed resources to increase computational power resource utilization, and resource accessibility. In order to effectively utilize Grids, users need to be connected to the best available resources at any given time. As Grids are in constant flux, users cannot be expected to keep up with the configuration and status of the Grid, thus they must be provided with automatic resource brokering for selecting and ranking resources meeting constraints and preferences they specify. This work presents a new OGSI-compliant resource selection and ranking framework called Surfer that has been implemented as part of NASA's Information Power Grid (IPG) project. Surfer is highly extensible and may be integrated into any Grid environment by adding information providers knowledgeable about that environment. Surfer invisibly and seamlessly correlates results from different providers into a single unified view seen by the user.
Emotional response and shopping satisfaction Moderating effects of shopper attributions

Abstract Two studies are presented which demonstrate that the effect of emotions on shopping satisfaction is moderated by the attributions that shoppers make for their feelings. Study 1, a field study, includes two samples of shoppers (student and non-student) who responded to a questionnaire after an actual shopping episode. Results indicate that emotions have stronger effects on shopping satisfaction when the feelings are attributed to the store rather than being internally attributed. A subsequent laboratory experiment (Study 2) replicates the finding and also demonstrates that attribution locus (internal vs. external) and outcome (purchase success vs. failure) produce specific types of emotional responses. The effects of attribution locus and purchase outcome on shopping satisfaction are mediated by these emotions. Implications for retailers and future research avenues are discussed.
Feature extraction and pattern classification of hormonal time series

A pattern recognition system for computer classification of cortisol time series into classes of Cushing's syndrome with different etiology or as normal is described. Discriminatory features are selected from the Fourier analysis and Karhunen-Loeve expansion coefficients of cortisol time series. The performance of the cortisol pattern recognition system as tested on 86 sample patterns, 41 normals and 45 patients is summarized. The recognition accuracy is 100% for the normal, pituitary, and adrenal classes, but only 60% for the ectopic class. >
Gene transfer as a new mode of vaccination: implications for HCV.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for conserved viral antigens can respond to different strains of virus, in contrast to antibodies, which are generally strain-specific. The generation of such CTLs in vivo usually requires endogenous expression of the antigen, as occurs in the case of virus infection. To generate a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors, plasmid DNA encoding influenza A nucleoprotein was injected into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice. This resulted in the generation of nucleoproteinspecific CTLs and protection from a subsequent challenge with a heterologous strain of influenza A virus, as measured by decreased viral lung titers, inhibition of mass loss, and increased survival. COMMENTS
Reflections on Anthropology and the Black Experience

The author discusses the forces that operated before World War II in the United States to limit the number of black anthropologists and the factors that ultimately led to increased participation of black students and professors in the discipline. As one of the less than a dozen “pioneers,” the author uses his own career as an atypical case study to illuminate certain significant facets of the history of anthropology. He discusses the image that anthropology had among Afro-Americans as well as its role in the early development of race relations theory and multicultural practice. Mainstream anthropology is viewed as an institutional subsystem of an educational subsystem within a political-economic system that conditions its approach to race and ethnicity.
Real-world noise in hyperspectral imaging systems

It is well known that non-uniform illumination of a spectrometer changes the measured spectra. Laboratory calibration of hyperspectral imaging systems is careful to minimize this effect by providing repeatable, uniform illumination
Atmospheric aerosol light scattering and surface wetness influence the diurnal pattern of net ecosystem exchange in a semi-arid ponderosa pine plantation

Abstract The diurnal variation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) showed an unusual pattern at the Blodgett Forest Ameriflux site, with late afternoon NEE lower than early morning (indicating more uptake), while air temperature and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit were much higher. To investigate processes influencing this pattern, NEE was compared to several environmental variables during summer 2002. Unusual variations of NEE can be partly attributed to dew formation on the leaf surface. An empirical model is used to show that surface wetness reduced the net ecosystem uptake of CO2 during the morning by 11%. In addition, transport of air-pollution from the Central Valley to this site results in higher aerosol particle concentration, light extinction and light scattering during the afternoon than in the morning. Total irradiance was 11% lower during the afternoon than in the morning, while diffuse irradiance was 24% higher. The empirical model is used to show that the decrease in total radiation reduced photosynthesis during the afternoon, but the increase in diffuse radiation enhanced photosynthesis even more. Aerosol loading caused net uptake of CO2 by the forest to increase by 8% in the afternoon as a result of changes in direct and diffuse radiation.
Accurate prediction of critical conditions for shear-loaded panels

Chow, W. L. and A.ddy, A. L., "Interaction between Primary and Secondary Streams of Supersonic Ejector Systems and their Performance Characteristics," AIAA Journal, Vol. 2, April 1964, pp. 686-695. Bernstein, A., Heiser, W. H., and Hevenor, C., "Compound-Compressible Nozzle Flow," Journal of Applied Mechanics, Sept. 1967. Hoge, H. J. and Segars, R. A., "Choked Flow: A Generalization of the Concept and Some Experimental Data," AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, Dec. 1965, pp. 2177-2184. Shapiro, A. H., "The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow," Ronald Press, Co., New York, 1953. Page, E., "Apparent Subsonic Choking in Dual-Stream Nozzles, and Practical Consequences," AIAA Paper 74-1176,1974.
Lack of α-synuclein increases amyloid plaque accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

α-synuclein is a small soluble, cytosolic protein which associates with vesicular membranes. It is a component of intracellular Lewy bodies present in Parkinson's disease and a subset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, early studies identified a fragment of α-synuclein in the amyloid plaques of AD patients. Hypothesizing that α-synuclein might modify the AD pathogenic process, we crossed the Tg2576 strain of APP transgenic mice onto an α-synuclein knockout background to determine the effects of α-synuclein on Aβ production and plaque deposition. We found that α-synuclein deficiency does not affect the Aβ levels, nor does it alter the age of onset of plaque pathology. To our surprise, however, loss of α-synuclein leads to a significant increase in plaque load in all areas of the forebrain at 18 months of age. This is associated with an increase in another synaptic protein, synaptophysin. We thus conclude that α-synuclein is not involved in seeding of the plaques, but rather suppresses the progression of plaque pathology at advanced stages.
An MOS transistor charge model for VLSI design

The development of an MOS transistor charge and capacitance model for the analysis and design of VLSI circuits is described. The total stored charge in each of the gate, bulk, and channel regions is obtained by integrating the distributed charge densities over the thin-oxide area. Charge conservation is guaranteed in this model by using the terminal charges as the state variables. The capacitance expressions have the nonreciprocal property. Partition of channel charge into the drain and source components is 40/60 in the saturation region. In the triode region, this partition changes asymptotically to 50/50 as the gate voltage increases. The carrier-velocity saturation effect is incorporated through both the modification of channel quasi-Fermi level and the determination of drain saturation voltage. Implementation of the model in the SPICE circuit simulator has been achieved. Modeled results compare well with experimental data for transistors with channel lengths as small as 0.75 mu m. >
3,5-Di­hydroxy-3,5-bis­(tri­fluoro­methyl)-1,2-dioxolane–1,4-dioxane (1/1) at 173 K

The 1,2-dioxolane of the title adduct, C5H4F6O4·C4H8O2, is produced slowly by air oxidation of di­aqua­bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa­fluoro­pentane-2,4-dionato)­manganese(II) in the pres­ence of 1,4-dioxane. This dioxolane is formally derived from the addition of H2O2 to 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa­fluoro­pentane-2,4-dione. The hydroxy groups of the dioxolane are hydrogen bonded to dioxane to form an alternating chain structure.
Feasibility of a Computer-Delivered Driver Safety Behavior Screening and Intervention Program Initiated During an Emergency Department Visit

Objectives: Injuries from motor vehicle crashes are a significant public health problem. The emergency department (ED) provides a setting that may be used to screen for behaviors that increase risk for motor vehicle crashes and provide brief interventions to people who might otherwise not have access to screening and intervention. The purpose of the present study was to (1) assess the feasibility of using a computer-assisted screening program to educate ED patients about risky driving behaviors, (2) evaluate patient acceptance of the computer-based traffic safety educational intervention during an ED visit, and (3) assess postintervention changes in risky driving behaviors. Methods: Pre/posteducational intervention involving medically stable adult ED patients in a large urban academic ED serving over 100,000 patients annually. Patients completed a self-administered, computer-based program that queried patients on risky driving behaviors (texting, talking, and other forms of distracted driving) and alcohol...
Optimal Partitioning and Redundancy Removal in Computing Partial Sums

Two novel algorithms for simultaneous computation of a large number of partial sums are introduced, their performance assessed, and architectures for their implementation suggested. The direct computation of D operations are replaced by O(D/log D). The new approach is based on a new concept of optimal partitioning and redundancy removal in arithmetic intensive, high throughput computing that is expected to be the basis of a new class of algorithms which represent a, departure from brute force parallel computation where inherent redundancy is not detected or removed.
Drafting behind Akamai (travelocity-based detouring)

To enhance web browsing experiences, content distribution networks (CDNs) move web content "closer" to clients by caching copies of web objects on thousands of servers worldwide. Additionally, to minimize client download times, such systems perform extensive network and server measurements, and use them to redirect clients to different servers over short time scales. In this paper, we explore techniques for inferring and exploiting network measurements performed by the largest CDN, Akamai; our objective is to locate and utilize quality Internet paths without performing extensive path probing or monitoring.Our contributions are threefold. First, we conduct a broad measurement study of Akamai's CDN. We probe Akamai's network from 140 PlanetLab vantage points for two months. We find that Akamai redirection times, while slightly higher than advertised, are sufficiently low to be useful for network control. Second, we empirically show that Akamai redirections overwhelmingly correlate with network latencies on the paths between clients and the Akamai servers. Finally, we illustrate how large-scale overlay networks can exploit Akamai redirections to identify the best detouring nodes for one-hop source routing. Our research shows that in more than 50% of investigated scenarios, it is better to route through the nodes "recommended" by Akamai, than to use the direct paths. Because this is not the case for the rest of the scenarios, we develop lowoverhead pruning algorithms that avoid Akamai-driven paths when they are not beneficial.
Generative Method to Discover Genetically Driven Image Biomarkers

We present a generative probabilistic approach to discovery of disease subtypes determined by the genetic variants. In many diseases, multiple types of pathology may present simultaneously in a patient, making quantification of the disease challenging. Our method seeks common co-occurring image and genetic patterns in a population as a way to model these two different data types jointly. We assume that each patient is a mixture of multiple disease subtypes and use the joint generative model of image and genetic markers to identify disease subtypes guided by known genetic influences. Our model is based on a variant of the so-called topic models that uncover the latent structure in a collection of data. We derive an efficient variational inference algorithm to extract patterns of co-occurrence and to quantify the presence of heterogeneous disease processes in each patient. We evaluate the method on simulated data and illustrate its use in the context of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to characterize the relationship between image and genetic signatures of COPD subtypes in a large patient cohort.
Cross-categorial donkeys

Data from surprising sloppy readings of verb phrase ellipsis constructions argue that ellipsis sites can partially or totally consist of dynamically bound pro-forms. I give an account, integrating Muskens' CDRT with a focus-based theory of ellipsis and deaccenting.
Probabilistic Analysis of Elastoplastic Structures

An efficient method for performing first passage analyses and inelastic response analyses is presented. The first passage problem is solved by discretizing the equation of motion for the structure in space and in time to obtain the transition probabilities for the displacement of the structure. The response of elastoplastic structures to stationary excitation is characterized by the probability distributions of cumulative plastic deformation and permanent set. The response process of the structure is discretized in time and in space, and an equivalent vibration process is obtained. The half-cycle information is used to predict response information over a given length of time. Results of numerical examples indicate that the accumulation of plastic displacements differs only slightly between the zero-start case and the stationary-start case for elastoplastic structures.
Judge Posner's Opinion in Kikalos

I discuss in this article Judge Posner's decision in Kikalos v. United States, 400 F.3d 908 (7th Cir. 2005). I open with the following:I am a Judge Posner fan. My vantage point is tax procedure and tax crimes, areas in which I practice and teach as an adjunct at the University of Houston Law School. I require my students to read more Posner opinions than any other judge's opinions. Judge Posner is concise, erudite, pungent, and rigorously logical; and he avoids footnotes. His opinions are good for teaching and learning.In the article, I quibble, perhaps, on points of tax procedure, use of estimation methodologies by the taxpayer that are normally used by the Government, the presumption of correctness, and burdens of production and persuasion.
Managing Museum Space

Space is a valuable resource. Good space management provides for high employee morale and productivity, and the proper care and preservation of museum collections. Space management is an integral part of conservation and collections management. Like collections, space can be classified, inventoried, and managed using computer technology within a defined information architecture. The results are more efficient use of existing space, better planning for new space, and improved facility maintenance. The recent experiences of the Smithsonian Institution in the development of a space management program, including functional definitions for space and facility services, are enumerated.
A carboranyl porphyrin for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors.

Many porphyrins are known to concentrate in tumor tissue both in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanisms of porphyrin-tumor affinity are unknown. A central theme of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) research is the search for boronated substances with high affinity for tumor. There is interest in the synthesis of boron-containing porphyrins and their evaluation for possible efficacy in BNCT. This study presents some modifications of a previously described methodl for synthesis of a particular nidocarboranyl porphyrin and some preliminary experimental indications of its potential usefulness for BNCT.
Fatigue Behavior of Fluid End Crossbore Using a Coupon-Based Approach

Fracture or mud pumps are known as the heart of the drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Crossbore geometries are central to the design of fluid end module in these positive displacement reciprocating pumps. Intersection between bores emerges as a stress concentrator and because the fluctuating pressure history is extreme, fatigue limits the useful life of the pump. Approaches such as autofrettage are typically used to extend fatigue lives through the imposition of compressive residual stresses at crossbore intersections. Direct investigation of the impact of residual stresses in working pumps is not typically possible. In order to improve understanding of the impact of residual stresses on fatigue life and to optimize the fatigue-strength improvement provided to fluid ends, unique sample geometry was designed to simulate the stresses in the crossbore. These samples are tested on laboratory-based servohydraulic fatigue frames and eliminate the need for complicated in-situ stress analysis on the fluid ends. Using notch strain analysis and modified Smith–Watson–Topper approach a life prediction algorithm was also developed to calculate the fatigue life of the coupon. To optimize the autofrettage load and cyclic loading simulation, elastoplastic FEA was accomplished utilizing a combined nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening material model for 4300-series alloy steel.
BYOD security engineering

With the rapid increase of smartphones and tablets, security concerns have also been on the rise. Employees find it desirable to use personal mobile devices for their work and make no distinction between using their carriers' services versus their organizations' Wi-Fi. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is an extension of corporate networks and thus it is essential to secure BYODs to protect enterprise networks (Wang and Vangury, 2014).In this paper, risks of allowing BYOD balanced by its benefits will be examined. The paper has three overarching objectives. The first is to address the security concerns of BYOD, which necessitate technology, policy management, and people integration instead of the traditional technology alone approach. The second is to propose a BYOD Security Framework as the solution to BYOD security concerns. The framework has three pillars: People, Policy Management, and Technology. It will be demonstrated that these three pillars are necessary in order to secure BYOD implementations in enterprises. The final objective is to validate the framework. This is done via an empirical survey conducted on a pool of 114 industry security practitioners. The resulting dataset is analyzed to dAUg etermine the association between the level of the BYOD Security Framework elements being de facto implemented in organizations and the frequency of security breaches associated with BYOD in those organizations to confirm key elements of the framework.
Investigation of Drug Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Our Hospital during 2010-2012

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of clinical isolated Enterobacteriaceae in a children's hospital during 2010-2012. METHODS:A total of 2 494 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected during 2010-2012. Results of susceptibility test of Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 2 494 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1 069,42.9%) accounted for the most part,followed by Escherichia coli (n=1 044,41.9%) and Enterobacter cloacae (n=134,5.4%). Enterobacteriaceae strains showed different degree of resistance to common antibiotics,the resistance rate were relatively lower to piperacillin/tazobactam,cefotaxime,ceftazidime and cefepime (27.7%),and the lowest to imipenem and meropenem (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS:Different drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics occurs in strains of Enterobacteriaceae,and carbapenems could be the most sensitive antibiotics. Periodic surveillance of drug resistance could be important for acquaintance of the change of bacterial resistance and guidance of rational selection of antibiotics.
Autonomic Nervous System and Atrial Fibrillation

The mechanisms responsible for atrial fibrillation (Af) are not completely understood. However,the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of Af. The results of clinical trials using radiofrequency ablation on ganglionated plexi result in autonomic denervation are encouraging,and show radiofrequency ablation to be a promising approach. There remain some debatable points,however,the most important of which is the best approach for locating clusters of ganglionated plexi.
Experimentelle Methoden zum Aufspüren von Einbrüchen.

Die Analyse von Computereinbruchen zahlt nach wie vor zu den anstrengendsten Tatigkeiten, die ein Informatiker ausuben kann. Warum gibt es fur dieses Problem keine automatische Unterstutzung? Weil vorhandenen Werkzeuge auf einer ungeeigneten Methodik basieren. Die Analyse von Einbruchen strebt danach, aus dem aktuellen Zustand des Systems zu rekonstruieren, wie es zum Einbruch kommen konnte. Dazu werden die vorhandenen Spuren analysiert und dann geschlossen, was in dem System passiert sein muss, damit diese Spuren entstehen konnten. Beispielsweise konnte eine Analyse des Linux Slapper-Wurms so aussehen: ” Angreifer mit der IP-Adresse 10.120.130.140 haben eine besonders praparierte HTTPS-Anfrage an unseren Web-Server geschickt, der einen fehlerhaft formatierten Client-Schlussel enthielt. Das verursachte einen Pufferuberlauf und rief eine Shell auf. Diese Shell speicherte dann eine mit uuencode kodierte Kopie des Wurm-Quellcodes, dekodierte und kompilierte sie und startete das erzeugte Programm unter dem Namen .bugtraq. Sobald das Programm ablief, versuchte der Wurm, andere Rechner des Netzwerks zu kontaktieren.“ (Beispiel aus [4].) Soll nun ein Analyst diesen Vorfall untersuchen, und sieht er dabei nur den .bugtraq-Prozess, ist eine seiner ersten Aufgaben, die Prozesse zu isolieren, die an dem Angriff beteiligt sind, und zwar sowohl Prozesse, die noch ablaufen, als auch solche, die bereits terminiert sind. In diesem Beispiel sind das der Web-Server, die (terminierte) shell, die entsprechenden cat, uudecode, und CUbersetzer-Aufrufe, und endlich der .bugtraq-Prozess. Die ubliche Vorgehensweise ist, bei einer Verletzung der Sicherheitsrichtlinien zu beginnen (hier ware das der nicht erwunschte .bugtraq-Prozess) und sich dann mit Hilfe von Log-Dateien und Toolkits wie The Coroner’s Toolkit ruckwarts bis zur ursprunglichen Ursache zu bewegen (hier zu der fehlerhaft formatierten HTTPS-Anfrage). Dieses deduktive Verfahren hat aber gravierende Nachteile:
Rapid 3D imaging of the lower airway by MRI in patients with congenital heart disease: A retrospective comparison of delayed volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) to turbo spin echo (TSE)

Objective When imaging the lower airway by MRI, the traditional technique turbo spin echo (TSE) results in high quality 2D images, however planning and acquisition times are lengthy. An alternative, delayed volume interpolated breath-holds examination (VIBE), is a 3D gradient echo technique that produces high spatial resolution imaging of the airway in one breath-hold. The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of lower airway measurements obtained by delayed VIBE when compared to TSE. Design Patients with congenital heart disease who underwent a cardiac MRI (CMR) that included a delayed VIBE sequence from 5/2008 to 9/2013 were included. Standard TSE imaging was performed and delayed VIBE was acquired 5 min after gadolinium contrast administration. Airway measurements were made on both sequences by two observers in a blinded fashion to the other observer and other technique. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were calculated to assess for agreement between both techniques and the observers. Results 29 studies met inclusion criteria with a mean patient age of 8.8 years (2 months to 63 years) and mean patient weight of 30.2 kg (3.5-110). All delayed VIBE and TSE sequences were found to be of diagnostic quality. Mean acquisition time was shorter for the delayed VIBE (13.1 seconds) than TSE (949.9 seconds). Overall there was very good agreement between the delayed VIBE and TSE measurements for both observers (ICC 0.78-0.94) with the exception of the distal right bronchus (ICC 0.67) The interobserver agreement was also excellent for both TSE (ICC 0.78-0.96) and VIBE (ICC 0.85-0.96). Conclusion Delayed VIBE is rapid and at least as accurate as the alternative TSE imaging for assessment of the lower airway by MRI across a wide spectrum of patients.
Preserving the variance in imputed eddy-covariance measurements: Alternative methods for defensible gap filling

Abstract The high utility of eddy covariance (EC) data has made it the cornerstone of carbon dynamics research for more than two decades. However, a substantial number of measurements from EC data can be missing for various reasons. Robust gap-filling methods are required to estimate carbon budgets from net ecosystem exchange measurements of CO 2 (NEE) with high precision and accuracy. While the gap-filled methods used have provided unbiased estimates of annual NEE, little research has been done on preserving the variance structures associated with gap-filled flux data. In this project, we used EC data from a longleaf pine ecosystem located in the southeast US to investigate variance preservation in gap-filling methods. We used three non-linear regression approaches to impute artificially created gaps of different sizes via light and temperature response curves: 1) “traditional” fixed monthly window, 2) moving window, and 3) moving window with parameter prediction using physiological drivers. The results of gap-filling simulations showed that the variability of NEE estimates made with moving window and parameter prediction methods were closer to that of observed NEE, whereas the traditional method had overall lower variability. The average root mean square errors (RMSE) of predictions was lower for moving window and parameter prediction (3.38 and 3.22, respectively), versus that of the traditional method (3.42) over one year, including both daytime and nighttime data across all gap sizes. The variances associated with moving window and parameter prediction methods were 52% and 57%, respectively, of the observed variance, versus that of the traditional (51%), while the average of first-order autocorrelation coefficients was 0.76 for each method compared to 0.58 for observed. The results showed that the moving window approaches provided better estimates (lower RMSEs and more similar variance) at annual scales, yet underestimated the observed variance. These results contribute toward the development of a framework of standardized gap-filling approaches which maintain variation inherent in EC data. Moreover, these results call for further research on potential environmental drivers and their interactions for inclusion in gap-filling models, as well as exploration of sampling size of estimation windows and averaging time (half hour) of flux data to promote variance maintenance and decrease the autocorrelation of predictions.
Incidence of hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States: A sex- and age-adjusted population analysis

Background The true incidence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is unknown. Objective To determine standardized incidence estimates for HS in the United States. Methods We used a retrospective cohort analysis, including incident HS cases identified using electronic health records data for a demographically heterogeneous population-based sample of >48 million unique patients across all 4 census regions. We calculated standardized 1- and 10-year cumulative incidences for the overall population and for sex-, age-, and race-specific groups. Results There were 5410 new HS diagnoses over a 1-year period, with an incidence of 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1-11.8) cases per 100,000 population. One-year incidence in women was 16.1 (95% CI, 15.5-16.6) per 100,000, more than twice that of men [6.8 (95% CI, 6.5-7.2) per 100,000; P 2.5 times that of whites [11.7 (95% CI, 11.3-12.2) per 100,000; P Limitations The use of deidentified claims prevented validation for a larger case subset. Conclusion HS incidence has increased over the past decade and disproportionately involves women, young adults, and African Americans.
Infusing Disability Studies within Special Education: A Personal Story

Special education has historically been understood as a service provided to students with disabilities who are perceived to be too impaired to successfully progress in the general education curriculum and classroom. This perception has been reinforced through teacher preparation programs that rely heavily on the medical model of disability to prepare both special and general education teachers. While there is an increased push both legislatively and socially for more inclusive practices in education, this over-reliance on the medical model does little to nurture inclusive attitudes and worse, perpetuates deficit assumptions of disability. This paper seeks to explore how the infusion of Disability Studies into the teacher preparation curriculum might be used to foster more inclusive attitudes.
Epidemiology of Periviable Births: The Impact and Neonatal Outcomes of Twin Pregnancy

This article discusses a study that estimated the prevalence of twin live births in the United States that were delivered in the periviable (20–25 weeks) gestational age, and compared changes in twin neonatal mortality and morbidity rates between 2005 and 2013 overall, and at periviable gestations. Although the decline in twin neonatal mortality rates at 23 and 24 weeks is encouraging, and suggests advancement in the neonatal care of these extremely small twins, the concomitant increase in neonatal morbidity at 23 weeks is concerning. Efforts to understand if twins delivered at periviable gestations suffer from long-term consequences of neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits remain important.
Black Like Me: how political communication changes racial group identification and its implications

ABSTRACTExtant literature suggests that people who are highly identified with a particular group are likely to make choices in line with that group’s interests. But, in the realm of politics, we know very little about how group identification transitions into a salient political identification. What is the mechanism that makes this transition happen? I argue that this transition and prioritization hinges on political communication that makes a group member believe that they are relevant to the political group. To engage this argument, I focus on Black political identification due to the strong empirical evidence that demonstrates that Black political identification, or linked fate, is fundamental to explaining the political decisions and behavior of Black Americans. Using experimental research, I test the effects of racialized political discourse by varying which segments of the Black community are being defined as a part of the broader “Black” interest. I find that Blacks who are marginalized in mainstre...
Cutting Through the Discussion on Caesarean Delivery: Birth Practices as Social Practices

Women are finding appeal in (or, at minimum, a lower level of resistance to) caesarean delivery despite the health risks that it poses, and I investigate how this decision figures into a broader pa...
Serotonergic mechanisms as targets for existing and novel antipsychotics

A variety of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, especially 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(6), 5-HT(7), and 5-HT(2C), have been postulated to contribute to the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), i.e., APDs which cause fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) at clinically optimal doses, in contrast with typical APDs, which are more likely to cause EPS. This advantage, rarely disputed, has made such drugs the preferred treatment for schizophrenia and other indications for APDs. These 5-HT receptors are still of interest as components of novel multireceptor or stand-alone APDs, and potentially to remediate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Almost all currently available atypical APDs are 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonists, as well as dopamine (DA) D(2) receptor antagonists or partial agonists. Amisulpride, an exceptional atypical APD, has 5-HT(7) antagonism to complement its DA D(2/3) antagonism. Some atypical APDs are also 5-HT(1A) partial agonists, 5-HT(6), or 5-HT(7) antagonists, or some combination of the above. 5-HT(2C) antagonism has been found to contribute to the metabolic side effects of some atypical APDs, whereas 5-HT(2C) agonists have potential as stand-alone APDs and/or cognitive enhancers. This review will provide an update of current preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of these five 5-HT receptors in the actions of current APDs and for the development of novel psychotropic drugs.
Diagnostic Electron Microscopy in Dermatology

The diagnostic use of electron microscopy has greatly diminished since the advent of sophisticated immunohistochemistry, which is faster and cheaper. In several skin diseases, however, electron microscopy is still the test of choice. This article presents a discussion of some of the diseases diagnosed through the use of electron microscopy.
Spine Pain Care: Clinical Challenges and Unmet Research Needs

Spine pain refers to pain conditions resulting from spine pathologies including disease, trauma, degeneration, and tumor. Spine pain also includes etiologies related to changes in the structures adjacent to the spine such as sacroiliac joints. Spine pain is a primary cause of loss of productivity and high cost of expensive healthcare. Care for spine pain involves multiple medical specialties and is a major focus of contemporary pain management. Ineffective treatment prolongs the course of spine pain, which contributes to the genesis of chronic spine pain and comorbidities. There are unmet research needs to improve spine pain care and to understand the underlying mechanisms of spine pain.