cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SERUM PROTEINS IN CERVICAL MUCUS.

Abstract The occurrence of serum proteins in human cervical mucus was investigated in 41 cases using immunoelectrophoresis. Albumin, transferrin, and gamma globulin were always found in specimens from normal women, and in more than half of the cases alpha 1 antitrypsin and prealbumin were present. There were no significant differences between specimens from the eighth to the thirteenth day, from the fifteenth to the eighteenth day, or from the twenty-first to the twenty-eighth day of the menstrual cycle. The pattern of the cervical mucus from women taking Enovid as an oral contraceptive showed only slight differences: One alpha 2 globulin line was observed addition-ally in a number of cases. There was no indication of a change in the immunoelectrophoretic pattern of the cervical mucus from a surgical castrate under hormonal treatment, whereas the cytologic patterns showed typical changes. Unlike the group of normal women and those under Enovid treatment, the benzidine reaction, indicating the presence of haptoglobin, was positive in most of the cases with local pathologic changes. In cases of cervical erosion, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory diseases a higher number of precipitin lines was disclosed in conjunction with a remarkable increase in leukocytes. The limits of the methods are thoroughly discussed together with the significance of the findings.
α-LITHIOSILANES, III. THE REACTION OF VINYLALKOXYSILANES WITH ORGANOLITHIUM REAGENTS

Abstract The reaction of two equivalents of vinyldimethylethoxysilane or vinyldimethylmethoxysilane with hydrocarbon soluble alkyllithium reagents; t -BuLi, s -BuLi, or n -BuLi; in hexane at low temperature gives high yields of 1,1-dimethyl-2-alkyl-4-(dimethylalkoxysilyl)silacyclobutanes. With methyl- or phenyllithium substituted vinylsilanes are obtained. The stereochemistry of the silacyclobutanes is assigned on the basis of Si-29 and H-1 NMR. For vinyldimethylethoxysilane the ratio of cis to trans silacyclobutane is about 57 43 , and is independent of the alkyllithium reagent used. In the reaction of vinyldimethylmethoxysilane with t -BuLi a sol70 30 ratio of the cis and trans silacyclobutane is obtained. A pathway is proposed which is consistent with the stereochemical results and with the products isolated in the reaction run in THF.
Simulation in support of GPS quality assurance

Summary form only given, as follows. The global positioning system (GPS) provides continuous, worldwide position and timing information. As the user base for this service grows, ensuring the quality of future maintenance modifications and developmental upgrades becomes more important. To address this need, a GPS weapon support system (WSS) is being developed. The GPS WSS will support lifecycle activities including system analysis, software engineering, hardware engineering, test and integration, and associated management. In order to support these activities, the WSS will provide a variety of emulation and simulation environments for analysis, testing, and long range planning. >
Sequential insertion of Alu family repeats into specific genomic sites of higher primates.

Abstract The presence of Alu family repeats is closely associated with interspecies length polymorphisms of certain genomic regions among different higher primates. By sequence analysis of cloned DNA, we show that one major cause for the length difference between the gibbon adult alpha-globin locus and those of human, orangutan, and Old World monkeys is the existence of multimeric Alu family repeats. Triplet Alu family repeats exist at two genomic sites of gibbon. Instead, singleton or doublet Alu family repeats are present at the orthologous positions in other higher primates. Sequence comparisons suggest that these doublet and triplet Alu repeats have been created by successive insertion of different singleton Alu repeat sequences, of approximately 300 bp, into the same genomic spot(s) during primate evolution. The approximate dates of insertion of these singleton Alu repeats support the concept of overlapping periods of active transposition or retroposition of Alu repeat subfamilies. This dynamic flow of Alu repeat sequences during primate evolution into the adult alpha-globin loci, but not beta-globin-like loci, is consistent with the previous finding that R-banding regions of the primate chromosomes are enriched in Alu repeats.
Characterization of the local and systemic B cell response of normal and athymic nude mice with Sindbis virus encephalitis.

Abstract During Sindbis virus (SV) encephalitis in mice B cells are an important component of the mononuclear inflammatory response and recovery depends primarily on the development of antiviral antibody. To begin to characterize various parameters of the local B cell response during SV encephalitis we have defined B cell isotype expression in brain sections, splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in normal and athymic nude mice using an immunoperoxidase technique. Early (days 3–5) in SV encephalitis brain perivascular B cells are IgM or IgM/IgD-bearing lymphocytes, later (days 10–14) most B cells express one of the IgG isotypes or IgA. The pattern of isotype expression seen in the brain during the course of the encephalitis is reflected in the spleen and blood. The data suggest that progressive isotype switching results in an increasingly higher percentage of certain isotypes, especially IgG2a. Isotype switching of most B cells may occur outside of the brain, or may arise in situ from the IgM/IgD-bearing B cells found in the brain throughout the course of encephalitis. In athymic nude mice numbers of B cells in brain were markedly decreased and the cells present were primarily IgM-bearing, although IgG isotypes and IgA did appear late (day 14). The data suggest that T cells are required for recruitment of B cells into the inflammatory response as well as for normal isotype switching and peripheral B cell maturation during SV encephalitis.
Efficient rigorous calculations of power flow in grating coupled surface-emitting devices

We present an extremely efficient rigorous vector electromagnetic analysis of field distribution and power flow in grating coupled surface emitting structures. The developed technique is based on constructing an artificially periodic structure of identical grating coupled device cells separated by anisotropic magnetic/electric perfect matching layers. The resulting periodic multi-layered structure is analyzed using the RCWA combined with a very efficient scattering matrix recursive technique. Calculated distributions of the electric and magnetic field components within the structure as well as the fields coupled into the output regions and into the substrate for typical devices are presented. Field distribution and power flow in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions in the structure are determined for the first time to our knowledge.
Comparison between Actin Filament Models: Coarse-Graining Reveals Essential Differences

The interconversion of actin between monomeric and polymeric forms is a fundamental process in cell biology that is incompletely understood, in part because there is no high-resolution structure for filamentous actin. Several models have been proposed recently; identifying structural and dynamic differences between them is an essential step toward understanding actin dynamics. We compare three of these models, using coarse-grained analysis of molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the differences between them and evaluate their relative stability. Based on this analysis, we identify key motions that may be associated with polymerization, including a potential energetic barrier in the process. We also find that actin subunits are polymorphic; during simulations they assume a range of configurations remarkably similar to those seen in recent cryoEM images.
Opposing effects of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on protein phosphorylation in tubulin preparations

CYCLIC AMP and cyclic GMP have been postulated to be in certain cases, antagonistic intracellular messengers of many hormones and neurotransmitters acting at the cell membrane1. At least part of their antagonism may be the result of their ability to affect, in opposite directions, specific protein kinases and phosphates which work on common substrates (enzymes, structural proteins). Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been found to activate, and the former also to inhibit, specific protein kinases2–5; cyclic AMP can activate or inhibit5–8 specific protein phosphates, and both cyclic nucleotide-sensitive protein kinases and protein phosphates have been isolated forming a complex with their substrate5. Some of these effects of cyclic nucleotides, however, have been found to depend on the type and concentration (not necessarily physiological) of the ion used in the assay5 and no direct evidence exists to show that one of the cyclic nucleotides opposes the effects of the other on protein phosphorylation. We report here that physiological concentrations (10−7 M–10−9 M) of cyclic GMP oppose the cyclic AMP (10−6M) dependent phosphorylation of a soluble, perhaps tubulin-related brain protein, possibly by activation of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
Murine FGF-4 gene expression is spatially restricted within embryonic skeletal muscle and other tissues

Fibroblast growth factors are believed to play many distinct roles in vertebrate development, owing to their ability to stimulate cell growth, prevent cell death, determine cell fate, and inhibit terminal differentiation in a variety of in vitro culture systems. We have used in situ hybridization to localize fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4, also termed HST and K-FGF) gene expression in 7.5 to 16.5 day gestation mouse embryos. Seven discrete sites of gene expression were detected: (1) primitive streak (E7.5-8.5); (2) paraxial presomitic mesoderm in the trunk (E7.5-11.5); (3) primitive neuroectoderm (E8.0-8.5); (4) pharyngeal pouch endoderm (E8.5-9.5); (5) branchial arch ectoderm (E8.5-9.5); (6) limb apical ectoderm (E10.5-12.5), and (7) skeletal myoblast groups (E9.5-13.5). FGF-4 gene expression is spatially restricted within many of these sites. The profile of FGF-4 gene expression among skeletal muscle groups is overlapping, but distinct, from that of FGF-5, thereby revealing myoblast heterogeneity at the molecular level and suggesting distinct roles for multiple FGFs in muscle development.
‘Cattle of this colour’: Boying the Diva in As You Like It

With a witty cross-dressed inamorata at its center, As You Like It shows the imprint of the ground-breaking actresses who took the lead in commedia dell'arte troupes decades before Shakespeare's debut. After emerging in Italian companies in the 1560s, women came to perform in scripted and improvised plays in every genre. Emotional volatility, theatrical self-awareness, literary sophistication, and a propensity for cross-dressed disguise marked the new inamorata roles created by the leading Italian divas. News came to England via diplomats, travelers, and actors, and Italian mixed-gender troupes visited London and played at court in the 1570s. As knowledge of the actress grew, some English playwrights created female protagonists who juggled identities and emotions in the Italian style. Shakespeare’s Rosalind is an especially ingenious hybrid of the new Italian inamorata and the skilled English boy. The contrast between female impersonation by boy players and by actresses forms a motif in the play, for example when Rosalind/Ganymede equates boys and women as versatile actors capable of running through a gamut of emotions. As with Cleopatra’s allusion to those who “boy” her greatness, Shakespeare daringly calls attention to both the abject boy beneath and the diva-type above. Rosalind’s virtuosic theatricality and assertion of male identity in the epilogue are just as provocative, raising the question: Who best plays the woman’s part, a foreign woman or an English boy?
Structural Determinants of Binding of Aromates to Extracellular Matrix: A Multi-Species Multi-Mode CoMFA Study

For small molecules acting in tissues, including signaling peptides, effectors, inhibitors, and other drug candidates, nonspecific binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical phenomenon affecting their disposition, toxicity, and other effects. A commercially available ECM mimic, forming a solidified layer at the bottom of the vials, was used to measure the association constants of 25 simple aromatic compounds to two forms of ECM proteins, solidified (s-ECM) and dissolved (d-ECM) in the buffer during the incubation. Except for small homologous series, the binding data did not correlate with the lipophilicity and acidity of the compounds, contrary to a common expectation for nonspecific binding. To elucidate the putative structures of averaged binding sites of s-ECM and d-ECM, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was applied in a modified version taking into consideration that multiple modes and multiple species may be involved. The method shapes a receptor site model from a set of grid points in which the interaction energies between a probe atom and superimposed ligands are calculated. Electrostatic and steric energies in the grid points are characterized by regression coefficients. The forward-selection nonlinear regression analysis was used to optimize the coefficients in the novel multi-species, multi-mode CoMFA models. These models showed satisfactory descriptive and predictive abilities for both s-ECM and d-ECM binding data, which were better than those obtained with the standard, one-mode CoMFA analysis. The calibrated models, defining the electrostatic and van der Waals regions of putative binding sites, are suitable for the prediction of ECM binding for untested chemicals.
An unusual presentation of neurofibromatosis of the breast.

: Patients with neurofibromatosis type I or von Recklinghausen disease develop neurofibromas in the subcutaneous tissues, including the breast. There are two German reports of massive neurofibromatosis of the breast, but few reports of massive neurofibromatosis of the breast in the English literature. We present an unusual case of neurofibromatosis of the breast with large neurofibromas predominantly noted protruding from both nipple-areolar complexes.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THYROID CANCER: A REVIEW OF 301 CASES

THE natural history of cancer of the thyroid is not a subject that lends itself to easy exposition, since to develop it properly one would have to have at his disposal a large number of cases of thyroid cancer that were entirely untreated. We have no such body of material and know of no published account of substantial numbers of untreated thyroid cancers. Hence, this discussion will of necessity deal chiefly with the natural history of the disease up to the time that it was proved to be thyroid cancer. It will be seen that after treatment the natural history of some forms of thyroid cancer is substantially altered, whereas in others it is little affected. All students of thyroid cancer recognize that there are wide differences in the clinical behavior in the major histologic types of these tumors. It is less well known, however, that considerable variations in the clinical course of tumors falling within the same broad histologic grouping, may well be expected.
Numerical Simulation of Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) Flows With the Inclusion of V-Gutter Flame Holders

In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation has been performed to study the complex reactive flows during the combustion in an inter-turbine burner (ITB) with the inclusion of V-gutter flame holders. The ITB configuration, which has straight radial vanes (SRV), was based on the innovative, high efficiency, high-g Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) concept developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The V-gutter’s angle of attack was varied from −10 to 10 degrees at fixed JET-A fuel and air injections. The turbulent flow in the ITB was modeled with a RANS-based realizable k-e turbulence model, while the spray combustion is modeled with an eddy-dissipation model on an unstructured grid. Numerical results indicate that the V-gutter not only generates vortices behind itself, but also alters the turbulent flow feature and mixing behavior between main air flow and the circumferential and SRV cavity flows within the ITB. The exit temperature profile of the ITB can be modified substantially by the inclusion of the V-gutters at different angle of attack. The additional pressure drop incurred by the addition of the V-gutter was found to be less that 1%. Details of the vane cavity dynamics and increased entrainment physics are also discussed in the paper.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and U.S. Government
Emissivity Issues In Pyrometric Temperature Monitoring For RTP Systems

The emissivity of silicon wafers determine the temperature control in closed loop rapid thermal processing (RTP) systems. Silicon surface roughness, doping, and layers affect the intrinsic wafer emissivity, while RTP chamber walls reflectance reduces the amplitude of these effects. For temperatures below 600V, device side topography and layers also affect the emissivity of the wafer. Narrow band and wide band pyrometers show similar behavior with respect to layers on the wafer, as indicated by experimental and modeling techniques.
THREE CHLOROPHYCEAE FROM ALABAMA SOIL

DEASON, TEMD R. (U. Texas, Austin.) Three Chlorophyceae from Alabama soil. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(8): 572-578. Illus. 1959.Three new algae from Alabama soil are described as follows: Spongiococcum gen. nov., with 2 species, S. tetrasporum sp. nov. and S. alabamense sp. nov. The distinguishing attributes of the genus Spongiococcum are: (1) possession of a sponge-like plastid; (2) presence of pyrenoids; and (3) Chlamydomonas-type zoospores. The description of the genus Chlorosarcina Gerneck is emended with respect to zoospore type, and Chlorosarcina stigmatica sp. nov. is described. Cultures of these organisms have been deposited in the Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Botany, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, and herbarium specimens have been sent to the Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, Illinois. THE IMPORTANCE of careful study of unicellular, spherical, zoospore-producing chlorophycean algae as a basis for their classification has been emphasized by Bold (1950, 1958), Starr (1955), Herndon (1958), and Arce and Bold (1958). Starr (1955) employed the following criteria for delimiting genera in this group of algae: (1) chromatophore type; (2) presence or absence of pyrenoids; (3) zoospore type (i.e., whether walled or unwalled and nature of flagellation). Herndon (1958) extended these criteria successfully to the genera of the order Chlorosphaerales which he prqposed. The algae described in the present report were isolated during a study of some algae of the Black Belt soils of Alabama. The descriptions of the organisms are in terms of the criteria of Starr (1955). MATERIAL AND METHODS.-The organisms were isolated in September, 1957. Methods of isolation and cultivation were essentially those of Bold (1949) and Starr (1955). The basic medium for cultivation was the inorganic salt medium used by Bold; this supported good growth in the organisms ' Received for publication February 15, 1959. From a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the University of Alabama. The writer gratefully acknowledges the guidance and encouragement of Dr. Walter Herndon throughout the course of this investigation. The writer further acknowledges the use of the facilities of the Research Committee of the University of Alabama. He also is grateful to Dr. Hannah Croasdale for preparing the Latin descriptions. here described. Soil-water and soil-extract media also were used for comparative observations. Cultures were grown under fluorescent illumination (12-hr. light, 12-hr. dark) of approximately 120 ft.-c. intensity at temperature of about 22?C. Stains used to supplement observations of living material included Heidenhain's hematoxylin, the Feulgen technique, and acetocarmine preparations. The cellulose nature of certain wall layers was demonstrated by the Post and Laudermilk (1942) test. Tests for pectin used were Ruthenium red, as confirmed by pectinase. Drawings were prepared with the aid of a Bausch and Lomb camera lucida. Photomicrographs were taken with a Leitz Micam
Registered 1H and 3He magnetic resonance microscopy of the lung

Using in vivo magnetic resonance microscopy, registered 1H and hyperpolarized 3He images of the rat lung were obtained with a resolution of 0.098 × 0.098 × 0.469 mm (4.5 × 10–3 mm3). The requisite stability and SNR was achieved through an integration of scan-synchronous ventilation, dual-frequency RF coils, anisotropic projection encoding, and variable RF excitation. The total acquisition time was 21 min for the 3He images and 64 min for the 1H image. Airways down to the 6th and 7th orders are clearly visible. Magn Reson Med 45:365–370, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of fast myosin heavy chain transcripts in developing and dystrophic chicken skeletal muscle

The expression of fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes was examined in vivo during fast skeletal muscle development in the inbred White Leghorn chicken (line 03) and in adult muscles from the genetically related dystrophic White Leghorn chicken (line 433). RNA dotblot and northern hybridization was employed to monitor MyHC transcript levels utilizing specific oligonucleotide probes. The developmental pattern of MyHC gene expression in the pectoralis major (PM) and the gastrocnemius muscles was similar during embryonic development with three embryonic MyHC isoform genes, Cemb1, Cemb2, and Cemb3, sequentially expressed. Following hatching, MyHC expression patterns in each muscle differed. The expression of MyHC genes was also studied in muscle cell cultures derived from 12-day embryonic pectoralis muscles. In vitro, Cvent, Cemb1, and Cemb2 MyHC genes were expressed; however, little if any Cemb3 MyHC gene expression could be detected, even though Cemb3 was the predominant MyHC gene expressed during late embryonic development in vivo. In most adult muscles other than the PM and anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), the Cemb3 MyHC gene was the major adult MyHC isoform. In addition, two general patterns of expression were identified in fast muscle. The fast muscles of the leg expressed neonatal (Cneo) and Cemb3 MyHC genes, while other fast muscles expressed adult (Cadult) and Cemb3 MyHC genes. MyHC gene expression in adult dystrophic muscles was found to reflect the expression patterns found in corresponding normal muscles during the neonatal or early post-hatch developmental period, providing additional evidence that avian muscular dystrophy inhibits muscle maturation.
Topological operators and Boolean operations for complex-based nonmanifold geometric models

Abstract Nonmanifold geometric modelling is used to represent and manipulate wireframe, surface and solid models in a single architecture. It is suitable for improving geometric-modelling environments for product design. The paper reviews some fundamentals of nonmanifold geometric modelling. A mathematical framework is introduced, and the topological structure and basic topological operations are discussed on the basis of the framework. Next, a new method, which can quickly and arbitrarily reshape geometric models defined by Boolean operations, is presented. This method is made possible by the capabilities of nonmanifold geometric modelling, and it can be used for interactive design by trial and error and form-feature modelling.
Coster-Kronig yields in silver measured with synchrotron radiation

The Coster-Kronig transition probabilities ${f}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ for shifting a vacancy from the ${L}_{i}$ to the ${L}_{j}$ subshell of Ag have been measured by differential photoionization of the subshells with synchrotron radiation by observing the intensity of the ensuing ${L}_{j}$-${M}_{4}$,5${\mathrm{M}}_{4}$,5 Auger transitions. In the course of the analysis, spectator satellites in these Auger spectra were identified. The following Ag Coster-Kronig yields were determined: ${f}_{23}$=0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, ${f}_{12}$=0.044\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004, and ${f}_{13}$=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. While ${f}_{23}$ agrees very well with relativistic independent-particle calculations by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 24, 117 (1981)], ${f}_{12}$ and ${f}_{13}$ fall below predictions by 35% and 18%, respectively, in qualitative accord with expected many-body effects.
Blood group genetic variations in inhabitants of West New Guinea, with a map of the villages and linguistic groups of South West New Guinea.

The paper reports the blood group genetic variations found in 1479 individuals, mainly of 17 cultural and linguistic groups, in the ABO, MNS and Rh blood group system. The blood samples consisted of 913 from groups in the south, 422 from the Central Highlands region, and 144 from the northeastern part of the country near Lake Sentani and the Cyclops Mountains. The results of all surveys in West New Guinea in which the ABO, MNS and Rh blood groups were determined have been tabulated. Wide variations in gene frequencies were found for A, B, n, S, R1 and R2. No example of subgroup A2 was detected. Remarkably high values for A of 0.36 and 0.41 were found in the Sarmi and Wakde of the northern area. The frequency of B reached an unusually high value of 0.3938 in the Mulia region of the Western Dani (central area), while in other Dani populations B values were also relatively high. In the Sarmi region in the north B was 0.335 in the Baudji and 0.02 in the Wakde. The n frequencies were all high with values reaching 0.97–0.98 in southern, central and northern areas. S of MNS varied from 0 to 50% in phenotype values; however, in the central area and in parts of the northern area the S gene was absent, or present only in very low values. The genotype mS was found in Samarckema and in Pionier-Bivak natives of the Mamberamo region (northern area). Values for R1 reached 0.996 in Asmat (southern area), 0.980 in Dani, Baliem Valley, Pyramid (central area), 0.98 in Martewar, Ferkami, Teba and 0.99 in Takar and Mamberamo (northern area). The phenotype RH0 was found only twice, and then in Sentani (northern area). The gene Rz was detected in three southern series, in two central series, and in two northern series. Rh0(Du) variants of “high-grade” and “low-grade” were found in northern and in southern series. Possible reasons for the wide gene frequency variations found in the same linguistic group, in different groups in the same area, and in all the indigenous peoples of the southern, central and northern areas are discussed. A comprehensive map of South West New Guinea showing all linguistic groups and the sites in 1963 of all villages is appended to the paper. This map covers one of the areas whose blood groups are reported in the paper, but includes many more villages and linguistic groups than those from which bleedings were obtained.
Training parents in behavior modification: Effects on perceptions of family interaction and deviant child behavior *

Changes in parental perceptions of the family environment and of the number of deviant behaviors emitted by target children were assessed before and after group training of parents in behavior modification techniques. The data on nine families in which parents attended a series of 10 didactic sessions on basic behavioral approaches to child management were compared to those collected for eight families assigned to a wait control group. Designated target children in both groups were also observed in the home by trained observers who recorded the frequency of deviant behaviors using Patterson's Behavioral Coding System. A significant increase in family cohesion was reported by the treated parents, along with a significant decrease in their perception of problem behaviors. Parents in the control group reported no such changes. Home observation data corroborated parents' reports.
Dependence of spin-wave resonance in thin films on irradiation

Abstract Parallel and perpendicular resonance field and intensity changes are discussed for a film (2200 A thick, 75% Ni-25%Fe) subjected to 3 He + particle irradiation. Most of the changes can be attributed to stress and inhomogeneity changes in the film.
Tropospheric Degradation Products of Novel Hydrofluoropolyethers

The Cl atom-initiated photooxidations of the hydrofluoropolyethers (HFPEs) HCF 2 OCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 H, HCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 H, and HCF 2 OCF 2 OCF 2 H in air produced C(O)F 2 as the only carbon-containing product, with observed average C(O)F 2 molar formation yields of 4.73, 3.77, and 2.82, respectively. The C(O)F 2 molar formation yields during the early stages of the reactions were observed to be closer to the number of C atoms in each parent HFPE. On the basis of current knowledge concerning the degradation pathways of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons, it is expected that C(O)F 2 will also be produced with near unit yield per C atom from the above HFPEs in the troposphere, where loss processes would be initiated primarily by reaction with OH radicals. The rate constants for reaction with the Cl atom at 298 ± 2 K were determined for the HFPEs by a relative rate method that employed CF 3 CF 2 H as the reference compound [k(Cl + CF 3 CF 2 H) = (2.4 ± 0.51 x 10 -16 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ], with measured values of (in units of 10 -17 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 ) HCF 2 OCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 H, 3.6 ± 0.8; HCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 OCF 2 H, 4.5 ± 1.0; and HCF 2 -OCF 2 OCF 2 H, 5.0 ± 1.1.
Introduction of target, atmosphere, background, and sensor-specific (TABSS) ΔT metric: analysis, comparison, and applications

EO/IR/FLIR sensor performance models currently employ a thermal difference metric(s) to predict target detection, recognition, and identification ranges in conjunction with minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRT) curves. In this paper, we present a target, atmosphere, background, and sensor-specific (TABSS) thermal difference metric, minimizing shortcomings and deficiencies of other thermal difference metrics currently used in thermal imaging system performance models. This metric is parametrically compared with other (Delta) (Tau) metrics. We also investigate target, background, and scene pixel variances behavior as the scene maps to a fewer number of pixels, which reveals potential applications in clutter metrics as well as detection, recognition, and identification range predictions. Finally, we survey current status of sensor performance models to seek an application of the TABSS (Delta) (Tau) metrics. We find that this metric will enhance the current thermal imaging system performance models to accurately predict detection, recognition, and identification ranges not only when the thermal difference is large, but especially when the thermal difference is small.
Budget Slack, Institutions, and Transparency

Economic theory suggests that it is optimal for governments to use precautionary saving as a countercyclical tool. However, the availability of surplus funds often triggers political pressure for tax cuts and spending increases. Mechanisms for alleviating that pressure include limiting the transparency of slack resources and limiting politicians’ discretion to use slack resources for purposes other than stabilization. This article investigates the extent to which these two mechanisms are substitutes. In particular, the authors examine whether the widespread adoption of budget stabilization funds (BSFs) in the U.S. states over the past several decades has been accompanied by a decline in conservative revenue forecast bias. Using panel data from 47 states over a 22-year period, they find that the adoption of a BSF reduces revenue underestimation by approximately two-thirds; however, the size of the effect depends in part on how much a state saves in the BSF and the rules governing BSF deposits and withdrawals. The results suggest that BSFs have the unintended effect of increasing fiscal transparency.
Heat-Transfer Properties of Ten Underwear—Outerwear Ensembles:

The heat-transfer properties of 10 underwear-outerwear ensembles were determined in the laboratory by using a heated "sweating" sectional manikin. Theoretically, by applying the im theory to these results, a Nomex underwear-Nomex outerwear ensemble showed a slightly greater environmental range. However, little differences were found in the indi vidual clo or im clo values among the underwear combinations. The results for two ensembles having the same under wear but different outerwear indicated that the outerwear could be the deciding factor in determining the thermal char acteristics of complete clothing ensembles. It appears that underwear per se merely occupies a portion of the still air layer, and, therefore, the nature of underwear has little to do with the over-all thermal insulation, although these results may be independent of subjective comfort.
Pupal Mortality and Adult Emergence of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to the Fungus Muscodor albus (Xylariales: Xylariaceae)

Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), that is conventionally controlled using insecticides. One alternative to the use of insecticides alone for fly control could be fumigation of the fly's overwintering habitat using the fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel & Hess (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) in conjunction with reduced insecticide use. The fungus produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are biocidal for a variety of organisms. In this study, the main objectives were to determine the effects of M. albus VOCs on mortality of R. indifferens pupae and on adult emergence under laboratory conditions. In fumigation chamber experiments, a 14-d exposure of pupae in soil to VOCs resulted in 61.9% control, and exposure to VOCs for 7, 10, and 14 d reduced fly emergence by 44.2, 70.0, and 86.3%, respectively, relative to controls. In an experiment using plastic covers to retain VOCs in treated soil, a concentration of 1% M. albus formulation (fungus + rye grain) did not affect pupal mortality and fly emergence, but a concentration of 5% M. albus formulation resulted in 27.4% control and reduced fly emergence by 30.1% relative to the control. Larvae of R. indifferens that were dropped onto soil with 1% M. albus formulation were not affected by the fungus. Results indicate that prolonged exposure and high concentrations of M. albus VOCs can cause significant mortality of R. indifferens pupae in soil and delay adult emergence.
An application of data envelopment analysis: measuring the relative performance of Florida general hospitals

Unlike conventional methods for evaluating the performance of a not-for-profit entity, a recently developed mathematical programming technique called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is able to handle multiple inputs and outputs simultaneously without assigning arbitrary weights and does not require the use of homogeneous measurement units nor a prespecified functional relationship between inputs and outputs. This technique can generate a summary scalar efficiency ratio for each decision-making unit and identify the individual amount of inefficiency for each input and/or output. This paper applies DEA to the assessment of the performance of Florida general hospitals.
Type A behavior, accountability, and work rate in small groups

Abstract The relationship between social accountability (i.e., public personal evaluation) and work rate among Type A “coronary-prone” individuals was investigated in an experiment with college undergraduates. Extreme Type As ( N = 72) tore more pages out of phone books than extreme Type Bs ( N = 79) when they believed they would publicly be held personally accountable than when their performance was judged only on a group basis (Bs did not differ between conditions). The implications of accountability as an enhancer of Type A behavior, Price's (1982) model of Type A self-evaluation, clinical modification of cognitive style, and implications for personnel selection and job structuring are discussed.
New advances and potential therapies for the treatment of asthma.

Asthma is a disease of the airways with an underlying inflammatory component. The prevalence and healthcare burden of asthma is still rising and is predicted to continue to rise in the current century. Inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonists and corticosteroids form the basis of the treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of asthma. There is a need for novel, safe treatments to tackle the underlying inflammation that characterizes asthma pathology. Furthermore, there is a requirement for new treatments to be developed as oral therapy in order to alleviate patient compliance issues, especially in children. A multitude of new approaches and new targets are being investigated, which may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions in this debilitating disease. For simplicity, these approaches can be divided into two categories. The first comprises therapies directed against specific components or steps seen in allergic asthma. By ‘components’ we mean the key inflammatory cells (T cells [in particular Th2], B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and antigen presenting cells [APC]) and mediators (immunoglobulin E [IgE], cytokines, histamines, leukotrienes and prostanoids) believed to be involved in the chronic inflammation seen in asthma. By ‘steps’ we mean the allergic response, such as antigen processing and presentation, Th2-cell activation, B-cell isotype switching, mast cell involvement and airway remodeling. The other category of novel approaches to disease modification in asthma encompasses general anti-inflammatory therapies including phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, and lipoxins.
Cellular lead toxicity and metabolism in primary and clonal osteoblastic bone cells

A knowledge of bone lead metabolism is critical for understanding the toxicological importance of bone lead, as a toxicant both to bone cells and to soft tissues of the body, as lead is mobilized from large reservoirs in hard tissues. To further understand the processes that mediate metabolism of lead in bone, it is necessary to determine lead metabolism at the cellular level. Experiments were conducted to determine the intracellular steady-state 210Pb kinetics in cultures of primary and clonal osteoblastic bone cells. Osteoblastic bone cells obtained by sequential collagenase digestion of mouse calvaria or rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cells were labeled with 210Pb as 5 microM lead acetate for 20 hr, and kinetic parameters were determined by measuring the efflux of 210Pb from the cells over a 210-min period. The intracellular metabolism of 210Pb was characterized by three kinetic pools of 210Pb in both cell types. Although the values of these parameters differed between the primary osteoblastic cells and ROS cells, the profile of 210Pb was remarkably similar in both cell types. Both types exhibited one large, slowly exchanging pool (S3), indicative of mitochondrial lead. These data show that primary osteoblastic bone cells and ROS cells exhibit similar steady-state lead kinetics, and intracellular lead distribution. These data also establish a working model of lead kinetics in osteoblastic bone cells and now permit an integrated view of lead kinetics in bone.
Theoretical investigation of output features of a diode-pumped rubidium vapor laser

In the recent years, diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) have been paid many attentions because of their excellent performances. In fact, the characteristics of a DPAL strongly depend on the physical features of buffer gases. In this report, we selected a diode-pumped rubidium vapor laser (DPRVL), which is an important type among three common DPALs, to investigate how the characteristics of a DPRVL are affected by different conditions. The results signify that the population ratio of two excitation energy-levels are close to that corresponding to thermal equilibrium as the pressure of buffer gases and the temperature of a vapor cell become higher. It has been found that quenching of the upper levels cannot be simply ignored especially for the case of weak pump. The conclusions are thought to be helpful for the configuration design of an end-pumped DPAL.
The Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory Validity Issues, Practical Questions

The Kirton Adaptation- Innovation Inventory (KAI) is designed to measure propensity to innovate versus propensity to adapt, a personality dimension claimed significant for understanding and building organizational effectiveness This article presents a series of validity checks for the KAI, reports two serendipitous findings, then tests Kirton's hypothesis that a team composed of extreme adapters or extreme innovators is less effective than a team balanced on this dimension
Findings on stature from two series of longitudinal measures taken 25 years apart.

SummaryData for this study were seriatim measures of stature on United States youths of North European ancestry. They were gathered between 1925 and 1932 in Massachusetts and between 1950 and 1957 in Iowa. Statistics from size and velocity analyses for each period were obtained and compared. At age 10 years, mean stature of the 1950–1957 youths exceeded that of the 1925–1932 youths by more than 5·0 cm. It was deduced that less than 2·0 cm of this amount arose from a difference in socioeconomic composition of the samples, and upwards of 3·0 cm from secular increase. In both periods, annual velocity means increased between ages 9 years and 12 years for females and between 11 years and 14 years for males. These increases were greater from the velocity data for 1950–1957 than for 1925–1932. No predictive relationship was found between stature at a pre-adolescent age and early occurrence of adolescent peak velocity for stature.
Optimal design of composite ChamberCore structures

Abstract An optimization procedure has been developed to uniquely and efficiently determine the “best” local geometry design of a new composite ChamberCore structure. This procedure is based on minimization of the total mass of a single composite ChamberCore subject to a set of design and stress constraints. The stress constraints are obtained in closed form based on the composite box-beam model for various composite lamination designs and loading conditions. The optimization problem statement is constructed and then solved using the VMCON optimization program, which is an iterative sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique based on Powell's algorithm. The sensitivity of the solution of the optimal geometry to the values of parameters that characterize the structural durability and the failure mechanism is discussed.
Highly ordered crystals of the plant seed protein crambin.

Crystals of crambin, a plant seed protein of molecular weight 5000, diffract X-rays strongly to the interplanar spacing limit of 0.88 A. These diffraction data should allow a definition of atomic structure that is on a par with that typically obtained from crystals of small organic molecules. The crystals are in space group P21 and have unit cell dimensions a = 41.1 A, b = 18.7 A, c = 22·7 A, and β = 90.6 °. The asymmetric unit contains one protein molecule.
The effects of reserpine on copper induced cardiac inhibition in Mytilus edulis

Abstract 1. 1. Exposure of Mytilus edulis to dissolved copper lead to a decrease in cardiac activity. 2. 2. The concentration of copper leading to a 50% reduction in heart rate (EC50) was 0.43 ppm. 3. 3. Injection of Mytilus with reserpine prior to exposure to copper leads to a decrease in the sensitivity to copper; the EC50 was raised to 0.63 ppm.
Applications of nanobiotechnology in ophthalmology--Part I.

Much progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology and its applications in ophthalmology. It is evident that drug delivery, gene therapy, implantable devices and regenerative medicine are
The serotonergic somatosensory projection to the tectum of normal and eyeless salamanders

The spinotectal somatosensory projection was compared in normal, genetically eyeless, and embryonically manipulated salamanders. In normal animals, serotonin fluorescence was restricted to the intermediate tectalneuropil. This same region showed both high levels of serotonin uptake and somatosensory single unit electrical activity. In mutant eyeless salamanders and in normal animals enucleated early in development, serotonin fluorescence, serotonin uptake, and somatosensory activity were present in the superficial tectal neuropil. One-eyed animals, either genetically normal axolotls with one eye enucleated embryonically or genetically eyeless animals in which a normal eye had been transplanted, showed normal intermediate serotonin fluroescence and somatosensory physiology in the visually innervated half-tectum. In the visually uninnervated half-tectum, they showed superficial serotonin fluorescence and somatosensory physiology. In normal animals, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), a specific poison for serotonergic fibers, eliminated physiological responses in the contralateral somatosensory tectal region. The 5,7-DHT poisoning also abolished U.V.-induced serotonin fluorescence in the intermediate tectal neuropil. These results are discussed in terms of (1) evidence for serotonin as a central neurotransmitter for somatosensory information in the tectum, (2) the effects of eyelessness on tectal organization, and (3) related results in other animals.
How a Magnet Hospital Handles a Crisis at 0230: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Professional Issues Poster Presentation Background Spontaneous coronary artery dissection was first described in 1931, and since then fewer than 350 cases have been documented. A significant number of spontaneous coronary artery dissections present as sudden death with many cases only being diagnosed at autopsy. As an American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet designated hospital, this organization demonstrates the expertise of nursing care through exemplary professional practice and new knowledge and innovations and improvements. These are just two of the components of Magnet status that are engrained in the nursing care at this community hospital.