cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 4-year retrospective assessment of postoperative complications in immunosuppressed patients following Mohs micrographic surgery.

Background Many patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery for basal and squamous cell carcinomas are immunocompromised, yet postoperative complications associated with different types of immunosuppression are largely unstudied. Objective To determine the incidence and nature of postoperative complications in immunosuppressed patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional chart review of patient characteristics, clinical characteristics, and complications. Results Univariable analysis showed that compared with immunocompetence, immunosuppression was associated with 9.6 times the odds of postoperative complication (P = .003), with solid organ transplant recipients having 8.824 times higher odds (P = .006) and immunosuppressive therapy use displaying 5.775 times higher odds (P = .021). Surgical site infection (2.5%) and dehiscence (0.51%) were more prevalent among immunosuppressed patients, with an overall complication rate of 5.4% in the immunosuppressed population. Multivariable analysis of the association between immunosuppression and postoperative complication closely trended toward, but did not meet, significance (P = .056). Limitations This was a single-center, retrospective study. Other limitations include lack of non–solid organ transplants, limited medication-related data on nontransplant patients, and exclusion of cases involving patients with double transplants or multiple sources of immunosuppression. Conclusions Immunosuppression overall, particularly owing to solid organ transplant and immunosuppressive therapy use, places patients at higher risk for postoperative complications, including surgical site infection and wound dehiscence following MMS.
Vibration Energy Harvesting Circuit with Impedance Matching and Wake-up for Freight Railcars

This paper presents a circuit for vibration energy harvesting from freight railcars, and it aims to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). An electromagnetic generator (EMG) converts vibration energy of a fright railcar into electrical energy. The proposed circuit adopts impedance matching to extract maximum power from the EMG and a wake-up circuit to save power when the fright railcar is not moving. A buck-boost converter running in discontinuous conduction mode is used for impedance matching. When the railcar is in motion, the wake-up circuit senses the EMG voltage and activates the buck-boost converter. Otherwise, the converter is deactivated to save power. The proposed circuit generates two regulated output voltages, 1.8 V and 3.3 V, to power WSNs. It is prototyped with discrete components. Experimental results show that the EMG attached on a freight railcar generates 7.07 V rms and has the source impedance of $300\ \mathbf{\Omega}$ . The proposed circuit harvests peak power of 28.4 mW delivered to the load and achieves the efficiency of 67.6%.
Association of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disease and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) are at higher risk for developing aortic valve pathology, but the safety and value of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in this population has not been investigated. This study evaluated mortality, complication, and readmission rates along with length of stay and total costs after TAVI in patients with CTD. We retrospectively reviewed 47,216 patients who underwent TAVI from the National Readmissions Database between January 2011 and September 2015. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune CTD comprised the cohort. The primary outcome was mortality at index hospitalization. The 2,557 CTD patients (5.4%) had a higher Elixhauser co-morbidity index (7.1 vs 6.1, p
3D Distance Transformations with Feature Subtraction

This paper presents a technique to implement three-dimensional distance transformation based on the city-block algorithm and selective removal of cells of interest using both serial and parallel techniques. We call this feature subtraction. One of the main benefits of feature subtraction is that the volume data could be representing as union of these subtracted features (e.g. spheres), replacing the cells in the volume data by a set of these disjointed spheres. The algorithm is implemented in the specialized graphics programming language called Processing Language.
Quantifying Positive Health Externalities of Disease Control Interventions: Modeling Chikungunya and Dengue.

Purpose. Health interventions can generate positive externalities not captured in traditional, single-disease cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), potentially biasing results. We illustrate this wit...
The heterogeneous preferences for solar energy policies among US households

Abstract Solar energy provides several significant advantages, such as reduced CO2 emissions, more energy supply diversification and regional/national energy independence. Due to the reduced installation cost and the rapid advances in solar energy technology, the installed capacity of solar power has been increasing over time in the United States. Nevertheless, solar energy capacity and policies differ significantly across the US states. Determining the preferences for solar energy policies is critical for future solar energy development. In this study, we used stated preference methods to elicit residents' preferences for solar energy and determine the impact of policies on consumers’ support of solar energy. Results show that US residents have a heterogeneous preferences for different types of solar energy policies. In general, financial support is more effective in promoting solar energy. Compared to most demographics, attitude toward climate change, barriers, and motives for solar energy adoption has a greater impact on preferences for solar energy policies. Moreover, our results confirm the necessity of government subsidies to promote solar energy. The findings could help facilitate the development of solar policy instruments that more effectively encourage the adoption of solar and other sustainable energies.
E-cigarette use is prospectively associated with initiation of cannabis among college students.

Abstract E-cigarettes have dramatically increased in popularity among youth. Coincident with expanded legalization, young adults’ use of cannabis (marijuana) has also steadily increased in recent years. Use of tobacco products can increase the chances of later cannabis initiation among youth. However, most longitudinal investigations of tobacco and cannabis use patterns have focused on tobacco cigarettes, included adolescents as opposed to young adults, and have only employed two timepoints. The current study examined prospective associations between e-cigarette and cannabis use in a large, diverse college sample assessed over four timepoints (freshman – senior year; N = 4,670). E-cigarette use and cannabis use were modelled in a four-wave cross-lagged model. The results showed significant bidirectional associations between both substances, even after controlling for time-varying levels of depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and polysubstance use, sensation seeking, demographic variables, concurrent associations and previous levels of use. Moreover, the significance of the predictive path from e-cigarette use to later cannabis use remained unchanged when we ran the same model, but restricted the sample to e-cigarette-only users (i.e., never cigarette smokers), whereas only one prospective path from cannabis to e-cigarette use was significant in this subsample. The current findings suggest that the association of e-cigarette use and cannabis use is likely bidirectional, with stronger support for the link from e-cigarette use to later cannabis use, above and beyond cigarette use. As e-cigarettes gain further hold of the tobacco product market share and cannabis legalization continues to expand, data such as these will be critical for informing regulatory decisions for e-cigarettes and cannabis, particularly involving their accessibility to youth and young adults.
RADIATION INDUCED CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN A PATIENT WITH TREATED HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA

Management of radiation induced coronary heart disease (RICHD) presents a unique challenge to clinicians. A 66 year old male with a history of radiation treated Hodgkin's lymphoma and coronary artery calcium score of 8 four years prior presents with ongoing chest pain. ECG showed inferior ST-
Alterations of the Oral Microbiome and Cumulative Carbapenem Exposure Are Associated With Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Little is known about factors that drive S. maltophilia infection. We evaluated the microbiome and cumulative antibiotic use as predictors of S. maltophilia infection in AML patients receiving remission induction chemotherapy (RIC). METHODS Subanalysis of a prospective, observational cohort of patients with AML receiving RIC between September 2013 and August 2015 was performed. Fecal and oral microbiome samples collected from initiation of RIC until neutrophil recovery were assessed for the relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas via 16S rRNA gene quantitation. The primary outcome, microbiologically proven S. maltophilia infection, was analyzed using a time-varying Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Of 90 included patients, 8 (9%) developed S. maltophilia infection (pneumonia, n = 6; skin-soft tissue, n = 2); 4/8 (50%) patients were bacteremic; and 7/8 (88%) patients with S. maltophilia infection had detectable levels of Stenotrophomonas vs 22/82 (27%) without infection (P < .01). An oral Stenotrophomonas relative abundance of 36% predicted infection (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 93%). No association of S. maltophilia infection with fecal relative abundance was found. Cumulative meropenem exposure was associated with increased infection risk (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.35; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Here, we identify the oral microbiome as a potential source for S. maltophilia infection and highlight cumulative carbapenem use as a risk factor for S. maltophilia in leukemia patients. These data suggest that real-time monitoring of the oral cavity might identify patients at risk for S. maltophilia infection.
Spine Radiosurgery: Pain and Quality of Life Outcomes

Spinal metastases are the most frequently occurring spine tumor and can arise in up to 30–50% of patients diagnosed with cancer (Wong et al. 1990; Heidecke et al. 2003; Ortiz Gomez 1995). The incidence and prevalence of bone metastases is expected to increase due to better detection and with the improvement of therapies for the primary malignancy that are prolonging patient survival. Early stages of spine metastases may be asymptomatic but delayed recognition of the problem and initiation of treatment can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life (QOL) due to disabling pain, fractures or even paralysis from spinal cord compression (Ibrahim et al. 2008; Patchell et al. 2005).
Intrinsic Thermal Couples for Measurement in High Temperature and High Heat Flux Environment

We have developed a method to conduct measurement in high temperature and high heat flux environment. The method is based on sensors mounted on the back side of a specimen irradiated by high energy lasers. The sensor readings are used to calculate the front surface temperature and heat flux through inverse heat conduction computations. This paper presents a novel thermal couple arrays known as "intrinsic thermal couples". A metal wire spot-welded to the metal specimen forms each intrinsic thermal couple. Aluminum and stainless steel specimens are tested. The experimental results show that these thermal couple arrays provide data that are rugged and uniquely suited for the high temperature and high heat flux environment.
Environmentalism and Interdisciplinarity

Although among Americans sensitivity to the environment is a predictor of sensitivity to human population growth, it is an imperfect predictor, a commitment to the environment does not automatically produce are cognition that population growth has negative environmental effects. Indeed, in the two G.S.S. samples that provided the data for the study in Chap. 2, only six out of ten White men, White women, Black men who were concerned with the environment were also concerned with population growth. Given the absence of a close connection between the two concerns, ecosystem deterioration will often not be traced to, will often not be seen as a function of, the mounting number of human beings. Among Americans, the situation should perhaps not be surprising because environmental concepts, movements in the United States have historically been insular, had an arrow focus.
Wired for insight-recent advances in Caenorhabditis elegans neural circuits.

The completion of Caenorhabditis elegans connectomics four decades ago has long guided mechanistic investigation of neuronal circuits. Recent technological advances in microscopy and computation programs have aided re-examination of this connectomics, expanding our knowledge by both uncovering previously unreported synaptic connections and also generating models for neural networks underlying behaviors. Combining molecular information from single cell transcriptomes with elegant tools for cell-specific manipulation has further enhanced the ability to precisely investigate individual neurons in behaving animals. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of new information on connectomics and progress toward a molecular atlas of C. elegans nervous system, and discuss emerging findings on neuronal circuits.
Observations of Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds: Testing Star Formation Theory

This chapter reviews Zeeman observations of magnetic fields in molecular clouds and their use in testing star formation theory. The result is that while ambipolar diffusion driven star formation appears to be inconsistent with observations, reconnection diffusion seems to be consistent.
The Use of cDNA Libraries to Demonstrate a Linkage Between Transcription and Translation in Male Germ Cells

cDNA libraries have played a prominent role in developing the extensive database of gene expression in germ cells and somatic cells of the mammalian testis. Differential screening of cDNA libraries has allowed investigators to determine the temporal up-and downregulation of many genes. This chapter discusses how suppressive subtraction hybridization and cDNA sequencing have been used to define populations of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that selectively bind, or do not bind, to the germ cell-specific Y-box protein, MSY2. MSY2 is an abundant DNA/RNA-binding protein that in vitro binds to all mRNAs, but shows selective binding to a subset of male germ cell mRNAs in cells. This specificity is regulated by MSY2 binding to a conserved sequence in gene promoters, which facilitates MSY2 binding to the transcripts from these promoters in the nucleus and coordinates the transport, storage, and translational suppression of these mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
Some Cautionary Notes on Making Inferences about Relative Brain Size

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to some of the assumptions that are involved in analyzing and interpreting evolution of relative brain size. These assumptions are well known to the few people who generate and analyze primary data in this area, but may not be apparent to the larger audience that reads and repeats their conclusions. The assumptions I wish to consider are those involved in (1) estimating body weights of fossil species, (2) comparing relative brain sizes of different taxa or of different groups of taxa, and (3) attributing biological significance to differences in brain size.
G-protein-mediated regulation of phospholipase C Involvement of βγ subunits.

The protein components of the G-protein-linked cell surface receptor-regulated inositol lipid-signaling cascade have been identified recently. The G(q) family of G-protein α subunits is responsible for pertussis toxin-insensitive activation of a family of phospholipase C-β isoenzymes. However, it also has been shown that G-protein βγ subunits activate certain of these phospholipase C-β isoenzymes, and that this novel activity may account for activation of phospholipase C by G proteins that are not members of the G(q) family, including those that account for pertussis-toxin-sensitive inositol lipid signaling.
Position reconstruction from an ensemble of hippocampal place cells: contribution of theta phase coding.

Previous analysis of the firing of individual rat hippocampal place cells has shown that their firing rate increases when they enter a place field and that their phase of firing relative to the ong...
Revised Pacific M-anomaly geomagnetic polarity timescale

SUMMARY The current M-anomaly geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS) is mainly based on the Hawaiian magnetic lineations in the Pacific Ocean. M-anomaly GPTS studies to date have relied on a small number of magnetic profiles, a situation that is not ideal because any one profile contains an uncertain amount of geologic ‘noise’ that perturbs the magnetic field signal. Compiling a polarity sequence from a larger array of magnetic profiles is desirable to provide greater consistency and repeatability. We present a new compilation of the M-anomaly GPTS constructed from polarity models derived from magnetic profiles crossing the three lineation sets (Hawaiian, Japanese and Phoenix) in the western Pacific. Polarity reversal boundary locations were estimated with a combination of inverse and forward modelling of the magnetic profiles. Separate GPTS were established for each of the three Pacific lineation sets, to allow examination of variability among the different lineation sets, and these were also combined to give a composite timescale. Owing to a paucity of reliable direct dates of the M-anomalies on ocean crust, the composite model was time calibrated with only two ages; one at each end of the sequence. These two dates are 125.0 Ma for the base of M0r and 155.7 Ma for the base of M26r. Relative polarity block widths from the three lineation sets are similar, indicating a consistent Pacific-wide spreading regime. The new GPTS model shows slightly different spacings of polarity blocks, as compared with previous GPTS, with less variation in block width. It appears that the greater polarity chron irregularity in older models is mostly an artifact of modelling a small number of magnetic profiles. The greater averaging of polarity chron boundaries in our model gives a GPTS that is statistically more robust than prior GPTS models and a superior foundation for Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous geomagnetic and chronologic studies.
Did Analysts Contribute to the Disappearance of the Accrual Anomaly

We use the recent disappearance of the accrual anomaly to investigate analysts’ contribution to improved information processing by investors. Prior research finds that investors and analysts made accrual-related pricing and forecast errors, respectively, in the anomaly period. As sophisticated information intermediaries, analysts could have corrected their accrual-related forecast bias and thus provided a mechanism for investors to correct accrual-related mispricing. Using all-star status and the analyst’s provision of a cash flow forecast as proxies for expertise, we find that both expert and non-expert analysts continue to issue forecasts with predictable accrual-related bias after the disappearance of the accrual anomaly. Furthermore, the accrual anomaly is similar for firms followed by analysts and for non-followed firms, and disappears at the same time for both. Thus, investors began to correctly incorporate accruals information in security prices even though analysts continued issuing earnings forecasts that have predictable accrual-related bias. Our results conflict with the widely-held notion that analysts are sophisticated information intermediaries who improve market efficiency.
Pica: A species relevant behavioral assay of motion sickness in the rat ☆

Abstract Motion sickness was produced in rats by placing them in an apparatus that rotated about two different axes simultaneously. In three separate experiments, rats subject to rotational stimulation engaged in pica, the consumption of non-nutritive substances. The use of pica as a behavioral assay of motion sickness also demonstrated the principal characteristics of motion sickness shown by species in which emesis is used as the criterion of illness, including variability, summation, habituation, and recovery. The restuls indicate that pica is a naturally occurring response of the rat to illness, that might profitably be used to investigate the etiology of motion sickness and to screen for the emetic properties of drugs. It is suggested that the criterion of emesis insisted upon by most students of motion sickness be discarded in favor of species relevant criteria.
Computational Transonic Inverse Procedure for Wing Design

A computational transonic inverse procedure for three-dimensional wings in which shapes are determined supporting prescribed pressures is presented. The method is based on modified small disturbance (MSD) theory and can handle wing design in the presence of a fuselage. A consistent analysis-inverse differencing is implemented at the wing slit grid points to ensure recovery of specified pressures in the analysis mode. Formation of an open or a fishtail trailing edge is avoided by a systematic alteration of the velocity potential in front of the leading edge of span stations under inverse mode, until closure is achieved. To lend support to the numerical procedure, an analogous incompressible two-dimensional problem is studied analytically. As an illustration of the usefulness and versatility of the method, the development of a laminar flow control (LFC) wing from a given base wing geometry is presented along with the analysis verification.
Perception of Photographs By Apes

It has been demonstrated here that under these experimental conditions, apes can at first sight perceive a photograph of an object about as accurately as the object itself. Our contention that even without verbal language, as conventionally conceived, some animals do possess a cross-modal mediative/representational process, is hereby further supported.
Cubature formulas, discrepancy, and nonlinear approximation

The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate connections between the following three big areas of research: the theory of cubature formulas (numerical integration), the discrepancy theory, and nonlinear approximation. In Section 1, we discuss a relation between results on cubature formulas and on discrepancy. In particular, we show how standard in the theory of cubature formulas settings can be translated into the discrepancy problem and into a natural generalization of the discrepancy problem. This leads to a concept of the r-discrepancy. In Section 2, we present results on a relation between construction of an optimal cubature formula with m knots for a given function class and best nonlinear m-term approximation of a special function determined by the function class. The nonlinear m-term approximation is taken with regard to a redundant dictionary also determined by the function class. Sections 3 and 4 contain some known results on the lower and the upper estimates of errors of optimal cubature formulas for the class of functions with bounded mixed derivative. One of the important messages (well known in approximation theory) of this paper is that the theory of discrepancy is closely connected with the theory of cubature formulas for the classes of functions with bounded mixed derivative. We have included in the paper both new results (Section 2) and known results. We included some known results with their proofs for the following two reasons. First of all we want to make the paper self-contained (within reasonable limits). Secondly, we selected the proofs which demonstrate different methods and are not very much technically involved. Section 5 contains historical notes on discrepancy and cubature formulas, some further comments and remarks. Historical remarks on nonlinear approximation are included in Section 2. We want to point out that this paper is not a complete survey in any of the above-mentioned areas. We did not even try to provide a complete list of results in those areas. We rather wanted to highlight the most typical results in cubature formulas (Sections 3 and 4) and show their relation to the discrepancy theory.
Simultaneous optimization models for heat integration—II. Heat exchanger network synthesis

Abstract In this paper, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is presented which can generate networks where utility cost, exchanger areas and selection of matches are optimized simultaneously. The proposed model does not rely on the assumption of fixed temperature approaches (HRAT or EMAT), nor on the prediction of the pinch point for the partitioning into subnetworks. The model is based on the stage-wise representation introduced in Part I of this series of papers, where within each stage, potential exchanges between each hot and cold stream can occur. The simplifying assumption on isothermal mixing to calculate heat transfer area for stream splits allows the feasible space to be defined by a set of linear constraints. As a result, the model is robust and can be solved with relative ease. Constraints on the network design that simplify its structure, e.g. no stream splits, forbidden matches, required and restricted matches as well as the handling of multiple utilities can be easily included in the model. In addition, the model can consider matches between pairs of hot streams or pairs of cold streams, as well as variable inlet and outlet temperatures. Several examples are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed simultaneous synthesis model. The results show that in many cases, heuristic rules such as subnetwork partitioning, no placement of exchangers across the pinch, number of units, fail to hold when the optimization is performed simultaneously.
Policy offers protection from harassment

We face a number of legal and ethical issues in our work as scientists and as AGU members. To uphold the highest ethical standards in our professional activities, the Council has adopted policies on free access to published material, ethics in publishing, and misconduct in science. But what about guidelines to govern the personal behavior that constitutes harassment, sexual or otherwise? For years the AGU headquarters staff has had a policy that offers protection from harassment and rules for dealing with it, but the membership went without one until 1994. That year the Council adopted a policy that extends to the membership as well as to the staff and the vendors they encounter at meetings. The law only requires a policy to prevent harassment in the workplace, but the Council felt that a harassment policy was particularly important for members because the subtle behavior that can constitute harassment is most likely to occur at events that combine work and social interaction, such as the meetings, conferences, and training seminars that AGU members attend.
Energy storage capacities of reversible liquid phase chemical reactions

Abstract The heat capacity, and thus energy storage capacity of a liquid mixture may increase due to chemical reaction. This is illustrated with methanol-butyraldehyde mixtures. The volumetric heat capacity of an equimolar n -butyraldehyde-methanol mixture would be 0.47 cal ml −1 °C −1 if no reaction occurred. The experimental value is 0.99 over the temperature range of 20 to 46°C.
Aging-dependent changes in the radiation response of the adult rat brain.

Purpose To assess the impact of aging on the radiation response in the adult rat brain. Methods and Materials Male rats 8, 18, or 28 months of age received a single 10-Gy dose of whole-brain irradiation (WBI). The hippocampal dentate gyrus was analyzed 1 and 10 weeks later for sensitive neurobiologic markers associated with radiation-induced damage: changes in density of proliferating cells, immature neurons, total microglia, and activated microglia. Results A significant decrease in basal levels of proliferating cells and immature neurons and increased microglial activation occurred with normal aging. The WBI induced a transient increase in proliferation that was greater in older animals. This proliferation response did not increase the number of immature neurons, which decreased after WBI in young rats, but not in old rats. Total microglial numbers decreased after WBI at all ages, but microglial activation increased markedly, particularly in older animals. Conclusions Age is an important factor to consider when investigating the radiation response of the brain. In contrast to young adults, older rats show no sustained decrease in number of immature neurons after WBI, but have a greater inflammatory response. The latter may have an enhanced role in the development of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in older individuals.
Invited Review: Cytokine Mediators of Malnutrition: Clinical Implications

During the past decade, the relationships that exist between inflammatory cytokines and the metabolic changes associated with critical illness have been the focus of extensive research efforts. Alterations in protein metabolism, characterized by increased peripheral protein catabolism and increased hepatic synthesis of acute-phase proteins, have been reported with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 administration in animals and humans. Hyperlipoproteinemia has also been observed, particularly in association with increases in very-low-density lipoproteins and hepatic fatty acid synthesis. The release of counter-regulatory hormones in response to cytokine activity contributes to these metabolic changes as well. An understanding of the complex interactions of cytokines as mediators of intermediary metabolism is important to clinicians caring for critically ill patients.
A study of diffusion and reaction in unpremixed step growth copolymerization in a microsegregated continuous stirred reactor

The effects of shear rate, residence time, and feed stoichiometry on sequence and chain lengths and polydispersity of product polymer in step growth copolymerization in a microsegregated stirred tank reactor with unpremixed feed streams were investigated. One feed stream contained monomers AA and AX, bifunctional and monofunctional monomers with the reactive group A. The other stream contained monomers BB and DD, short and long types of the bifunctional monomer with the end group B. Mass transport in the reactor was described in terms of diffusion between mobile striations that are stretched by the mean shear rate for time periods that vary according to an exponential RTD. Model results suggest that substantial changes in chain and sequence lengths can be effected when the shear rate is increased at fixed residence time and fixed feed ends-ratio (A to B), particularly when the latter is less than unity. However, the results suggest that when conversion is kept constant by varying the mean shear rate and the mean residence time simultaneously, the influence of shear rate on chain and sequence lengths is minimal. On the other hand, when the feed ends-ratio is varied at constant shear rate and residence time, sequence lengths can vary by appreciable amounts (20-40%). Polydispersity is influenced little by any of the variables that have been studied.
Branching out with filmless radiology

Texas Children’s Hospital, a 456 bed pediatric hospital located in the Texas Medical Center, has been constructing a large-scale picture archiving and communications system (PACS), including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and computed radiography (CR). Until recently, filmless radiology operations have been confined to the imaging department, the outpatient treatment center, and the emergency center. As filmless services expand to other clinical services, the PACS staff must engage each service in a dialog to determine the appropriate level of support required. The number and type of image examinations, the use of multiple modalities and comparison examinations, and the relationship between viewing and direct patient care activities have a bearing on the number and type of display stations provided. Some of the information about customer services is contained in documentation already maintained by the imaging department. For example, by a custom report from the radiology information system (RIS), we were able to determine the number and type of examinations ordered by each referring physician for the previous 6 months. By compiling these by clinical service, we were able to determine our biggest customers by examination type and volume. Another custom report was used to determine who was requesting old examinations from the film library. More information about imaging us-age was gathered by means of a questionnaire. Some customers view images only where patients are also seen, while some services view images independently from the patient. Some services use their conference rooms for critical image viewing such as treatment planning. Additional information was gained from geographical surveys of where films are currently produced, delivered by the film library, and viewed. In some areas, available space dictates the type and configuration of display station that can be used. Active participation in the decision process by the clinical service is a key element to successful filmless operations.
Schedule dependence of schedule induced polydipsia and lever pressing.

Abstract Two male hooded rats maintained at 80% of initial body weight were tested for schedule induced polydipsia at fixed time (FT) intervals of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 min. A total of 180 45 mg pellets were delivered during the test session. Each animal was tested five times at each FT interval. Total number of licks, lever presses and water consumption increased as the FT interval was increased to a maximum at 4.0 min and then decreased at 5.0 min. Although delivery of the food pellet was not contingent upon pressing the lever, lever pressing occurred and followed the same time related function as licking and water consumption. Results were interpreted in terms of increased motor activity attributed to intermittent food delivery.
Statistical mechanics of monatomic liquids

Two key experimental properties of elemental liquids, together with an analysis of the condensed-system potential-energy surface, lead us logically to the dynamical theory of monatomic liquids. Experimentally, the ion motional specific heat is approximately 3Nk for N ions, implying the normal modes of motion are approximately 3N independent harmonic oscillators. This implies the potential surface contains nearly harmonic valleys. The equilibrium configuration at the bottom of each valley is a {open_quotes}structure.{close_quotes} Structures are crystalline or amorphous, and amorphous structures can have a remnant of local crystal symmetry, or can be random. The random structures are by far the most numerous, and hence dominate the statistical mechanics of the liquid state, and their macroscopic properties are uniform over the structure class, for large-N systems. The Hamiltonian for any structural valley is the static structure potential, a sum of harmonic normal modes, and an anharmonic correction. Again from experiment, the constant-density entropy of melting contains a universal disordering contribution of Nk{Delta}, suggesting the random structural valleys are of universal number w{sup N}, where lnw={Delta}. Our experimental estimate for {Delta} is 0.80. In quasiharmonic approximation, the liquid theory for entropy agrees with experiment, for all currently analyzable experimental data at elevated temperatures, tomore » within 1{endash}2{percent} of the total entropy. Further testable predictions of the theory are mentioned. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Diet-induced thermogenesis: variations among three isocaloric meal-replacement shakes.

Abstract Objective We determined whether significant differences exist in diet-induced thermogenesis among three low-calorie (1042 kJ, or 250 kcal), liquid meal-replacement shakes of different macronutrient compositions: 1) 100% protein; 2) 62% protein, 28% carbohydrate, and 10% fat (high protein/low carbohydrate); and 3) 17% protein, 75% carbohydrate, and 8% fat (low protein/high carbohydrate). Methods Eight subjects (three men and five women) completed a randomized, double-blind, crossover investigation involving three separate resting-and-reclining energy expenditure measurements taken before and after consumption of one of the shakes. Resting-and-reclining metabolic gas-exchange measurements were taken for 30 min; subjects then drank a 20-oz shake, after which 3 h of additional resting-and-reclining gas-exchange measurements were taken. Results A statistically significant difference in diet-induced thermogenesis (P Conclusions Different types of low-calorie meal-replacement shakes do invoke significantly different thermogenic responses over a 3-h period. However, the 130-kJ (31-kcal) difference found in diet-induced thermogenesis represents only a small contribution to daily energy expenditure so that practical applications for weight-control management appear to be minimal.
Cavity Radius vs Energy Dissipation Rate in Liquid-Filled, Precessing, Spherical Cavities

Theme E results and an idealized model are presented that yield energy dissipation rates as a function of radius for liquid-filled, precessing, spherical cavities. Experiments were conducted using cavities 11, 16.5, and 22cm in diameter and filled first with water to give turbulent flow conditions, and next with a silicone liquid (v = 1000 cs) to give laminar flow conditions. The objective of the experiments was to determine whether energy dissipation would be minimized, for a given mass of liquid, by using many small cavities rather than one, or a few, large cavities. An affirmative result would indicate that the use of baffles in a large cavity might, in the same manner, reduce energy dissipation.
Engineering Accreditation and Assessment [Education Column]

Members of the Antennas and Propagation Society who are on the faculty of a university likely are or will be involved in the accreditation process for their department or program. For the past ten years, I have coordinated the accreditation efforts of the Department of Electrical and Com puter Engineering at Brigham Young University. In this capacity, I have spent many hours dealing with the requirements for accreditation as laid out by ABET, the US accrediting body for engineering, computing, and applied sciences. It seems worthwhile as I leave that assignment to share a few thoughts about my experience with the engineering-program accreditation process.
Luminescence in Hydromedusae

The luminescent responses of Hydromedusae have been investigated by means of photoelectric recording. Animals examined included Aequorea, Halistaura, Phialidium and Stomotoca; the first proved most suitable for experimentation. Light appears in a ring around the periphery of the umbrella. In Aequorea the luminous points correspond to yellow-green fluorescent masses in the marginal canal. The photogenic tissue in histological preparations appears as oval masses of eosinophilic cells bulging into the cavity of the marginal canal. Luminescence is intracellular. With carefully localized mechanical and electrical stimulation, light appears in one or a few restricted loci; there is no spread of luminescence around the margin. The luminescent response shows facilitation, summation at higher frequencies, and fatigue under continued stimulation. Each flash in Aequorea lasts 0.3 to 1.5 s; maximal intensity is reached in 0.1 s (14 to 16 degrees C). It is concluded that the responses observed involve either direct excitation of the photocytes, or stimulation through local nervous pathways.
Explicit traveling wave solutions of five kinds of nonlinear evolution equations

Abstract First of all, by using Bernoulli equations, we develop some technical lemmas. Then, we establish the explicit traveling wave solutions of five kinds of nonlinear evolution equations: nonlinear convection diffusion equations (including Burgers equations), nonlinear dispersive wave equations (including Korteweg–de Vries equations), nonlinear dissipative dispersive wave equations (including Ginzburg–Landau equation, Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation and Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation), nonlinear hyperbolic equations (including Sine–Gordon equation) and nonlinear reaction diffusion equations (including Belousov–Zhabotinskii system of reaction diffusion equations).
PROTEUS-A VERSATILE VEHICLE FOR OPEN-WATER HYDRODYNAMICS RESEARCH,

Abstract : The design requirements and philosophy are described for a small, stable, high-powered craft for use as an experimental hydrodynamics research facility. The design concept evolved from requirements peculiar to the experience, environment, and resources of a small research laboratory and the result is a unique facility, tailored primarily for high-speed marine propulsion experiments, but with potential for much broader application. It is capable of operating at slow speeds as a displacement boat, at moderate speeds in a planing mode and at high speeds as a hydrofoil craft. Principal design characteristics, predicted performance, model tests, and instrumentation plans are reviewed. PROTEUS (Propulsion Research and Open-Water Testing of Experimental Underwater Systems) is currently under construction and is expected to be complete in 1971. (Author)
Empathy, sex role orientation, and narcissism

A narcissism model of sex roles was used to examine empathy and other forms of interpersonal reactivity. Questionnaires were administered to 141 males and 232 females sampled from an undergraduate population that was 89% Caucasian and 11% mostly African-American minority. A Peer-Group Dependence measure of narcissistic idealization correlated predictably with femininity, empathy, and a communal orientation; and a Pseudoautonomy measure of narcissistic grandiosity displayed expected linkages with masculinity and Machiavellianism. Multiple regressions confirmed that the self could be defined in terms of both its mature and immature features; and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the narcissism model was somewhat superior to a sex roles model in describing the often complex interrelationships among measures of sex roles, narcissism, and interpersonal reactivity.
Variations in the content of nickel, gallium, germanium, cobalt, copper and chromium in the kamacite and taenite phases of iron meteorites

Abstract The nickel content of kamacite in hexahedrites and octahedrites has been found to vary within 3.3–5.8 per cent. The average of 4.7 per cent of all nickel values is lower than the heretofore reported figure of 5.5–6.0 per cent. In the light of the iron-nickel phase diagram the low nickel values in kamacite appear to point to the possible existence in taenite at its boundary with kamacite of nickel values which are considerably lower than the over-all values 31–54 per cent found in six different taenites. The concentrations of gallium, germanium and copper are much greater in the taenite than in the kamacite phase. The larger proportion of cobalt, however, exists in the kamacite phase. All these elements are concentrated in their preferred phases to a degree which is higher than that observed for nickel. The relative contribution of taenite to the over-all concentrations is invariably greater than the contribution of kamacite in the case of gallium, germanium and copper, quite negligible in the case of cobalt and nearly the same as that of kamacite in the case of nickel. Correlations are observed between the nickel content of taenite, its surface inclusions of foreign phases, and the thin parallel lines which traverse the two larger surfaces of the taenite plates.
Cell volume regulation in mouse TA3 ascites tumor cells by exogenous ATP as measured by the coulter counter

Exogenous ATP can induce a marked cell enlargement in TA3 tumor cells which can be reversed or prevented by Ca and Mg. This regulatory effect on cell volume is specific for ATP. The mechanism probably involves changes in cell ionic content.
Photosensory transduction in the flagellated alga, Euglena gracilis. II. Evidence that blue light effects alteration in Na+/K+ permeability of the photoreceptor membrane

Abstract 1. 1. The blue light-induced cell tumbling behavior (the step-down photophobic response) and the accumulation of cells into a blue light trap (photoaccumulation) were investigated in Euglena . Dose response plots for these phenomena which we collectively term ‘photobehavior’ show both threshold and saturation characteristics. 2. 2. NaCl effects apparent elevation in the photosensitivity of the cell as evidenced by alteration of the dose response plot character and a lowering of the light intensity saturation level. 3. 3. NaCl and ouabain enhance the duration of the photophobic responses and the rate of photoaccumulation. KCl and NH 4 Cl have lesser or inhibitory effects. 4. 4. Choline chloride reduces the duration of the photophobic responses and the rate of photoaccumulation. 5. 5. KCl reduces the enhancement of photobehavior induced by NaCl and at constant chloride concentration, photobehavior is unaffected by the relative KCl and NaCl concentrations. 6. 6. Antagonists of voltage-dependent, monovalent cation fluxes in membranes (tetrodotoxin, procaine, tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine) do not alter photobehavior.
Ethanol induced morphologic alterations during growth and maturation of cardiac myocytes

Alteration of growth and development of cells exposed to ethanol during embryogenesis contributes to dysmorphism. The mechanism(s) of these alterations remains an enigma. This paper describes studies of an in vitro cardiac myocyte model in which the major effort was to investigate growth and development parameters in an obligate interacting multicellular system. The well defined events of in vitro myogenesis allow for documentation or dysgenesis and altered growth in the presence of the taratogen, ethanol. The cells exposed to ethanol did not mature morphologically or functionally compared with controls. Increasing concentrations of ethanol appear to have a graded damaging effect. The greater the concentration of ethanol the more profound the dyssynchronous growth. The morphologic correlates were multinucleation, and alteration in the ultrastructural organization of cell-cell contacts and myofilaments. Correlation of these findings with those observed in dysgenic muscle of human infants and rat pups exposed to ethanol in utero, may provide at least a partial understanding of the teratogenic manifestation of ethanol in embryogenesis and organogenesis.