cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitral Repair Is Superior to Replacement When Associated With Coronary Artery Disease

Ischemic mitral regurgitation remains one of the most difficult entities to manage for cardiac surgeons. The operative risk of patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation is significantly greater than one would expect from combined risks of either mitral valve or ischemic pathology. Historically, mortality in these patients is reported to approach 20% and higher with surgical therapy in the perioperative period alone.1–4 Revascularization of the heart without intervening on the valve may be sufficient in patients with documented mitral insufficiency due to cardiac ischemia.5,6 However, only patients with well-defined pathophysiology and minimal regurgitation benefit from the revascularization strategy without addressing the valve. The exact mechanism of the insufficiency can be extremely difficult to characterize intraoperatively, which further limits the ability to determine who benefits from revascularization without direct repair of the mitral valve. Consideration of mitral valve repair is warranted partly by the incidence of persistent mitral regurgitation if coronary bypass grafting alone is performed. Recent literature demonstrates the improvement in the technique of mitral valve replacement (MVR).7–10 With preservation of the mitral subvalvular apparatus, the ventricles appear to function bet ter with improved survival compared with replacement with sacrifice of the ventriculo-annular relationship. However, the outcome of mitral repair continues to be superior to MVR in patients with mitral pathology independent of ischemia. Several institutions have examined the surgical outcomes of the ischemic mitral regurgitation subset. The Cleveland Clinic recently published a study with a homogeneous group of patients with what appears to be pure ischemic mitral regurgitation.11 They concluded that these patients had better outcomes with mitral repair than with mitral replacement except in the sickest patients. Results in the latter group were indistinguishable because of their poor performance with either procedure. In contrast, Thourani et al (from Emory) could not identify any benefit for repair over replacement in patients with combined revascularization and mitral valve repair compared with replacement.12 The optimal procedure for patients with mitral regurgitation and coronary ischemia remains controversial in even the most recent literature. The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that, in patients with ischemic disease, mitral repair is superior to MVR.
Effect of an Integrated Family Dependency Treatment Court on Child Welfare Reunification, Time to Permanency and Re-Entry Rates

Abstract Family dependency treatment courts (FDTC) have recently emerged as an innovative model for addressing the needs of families involved with the child welfare system and affected by substance use disorders. The current study examined the effect of participation in an integrated FDTC on family reunification, time to permanency, and re-entry into care. Propensity score methods were used to match a group of 95 FDTC participants to non-FDTC participants from a demographically and geographically similar comparison county. Findings indicated that FDTC participation increased families' likelihood of reunification and decreased the odds that children would re-enter care within 12 months of achieving permanency. However, FDTC participation also significantly increased time to permanency. Implications of these findings for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Gendered notions of nation: Integration and the “failure” of inclusive citizenship

Inspired by the “gendered turn” in immigration studies, this paper traces the particular ways that Germany's immigration history has been marked with gendered concerns, from its earliest policy on guest workers to its more recent commitment to promoting integration among newcomers. Utilizing the National Integration Plan (2007) as a lens through which to examine this trajectory, this analysis suggests that the Plan's specific, gendered provisions not only mark immigrant women as “imperiled Others” but also ignore structural factors that influence, and sometimes hinder, integration. In so doing, the German state maintains notions of an egalitarian, emancipated, and progressive citizenry, while crafting an integration policy that is both coercive and non-inclusive—and that continues to mark immigrant women both as obstacles to integration, and as intrinsically “un-German.”
Mitigating the lying-endpoint problem in virtualized network access frameworks

Malicious root-kits modify the in-memory state of programs executing on an endpoint to hide themselves from security software. Such attacks negatively affect network-based security frameworks that depend on the trustworthiness of endpoint software. In network access control frameworks this issue is called the lying-endpoint problem, where a compromised endpoint spoofs software integrity reports to render the framework untrustworthy. We present a novel architecture called Virtualization-enabled Integrity Services (VIS) to protect the run-time integrity of network-access software in an untrusted environment. We describe the design of a VIS-protected network access stack, and characterize its performance. We show that a network access stack running on an existing operating system can be protected using VIS with less than 5% overhead, even when each network packet causes protection enforcement.
Contributions to the Petrography and Geochronology of Volcanic Rocks from the Leeward Hawaiian Islands

Petrographic and chemical analyses of basalt from Nihoa Island, Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, and Midway Atoll, all in the leeward part of the Hawaiian chain, confirm that these islands are subaerial remnants of tholeiitic shield volcanoes similar to those that form the principal Hawaiian Islands. Chemistry suggests that Gardner Pinnacles may be part of the alkalic cap on a tholeiitic shield. Weighted mean potassium-argon ages of 7.0 ± 0.3 m.y. for Nihoa, 10.0 ± 0.4 m.y. for Necker, 11.7 ± 0.4 m.y. for French Frigate, and 17.9 ± 0.6 m.y. for Midway demonstrate that the ages of these volcanoes increase northwestward, continuing the trend of increasing age away from the active volcano of Kilauea shown by the main islands. The increase in age with distance along the chain, however, appears to be nonlinear. The results support the general hypothesis that the volcanoes of the Hawaiian chain have a common origin and were formed as the Pacific plate moved northwestward over a melting spot in the mantle.
COPYING IN NATURAL LANGUAGES, CONTEXT-FREENESS, AND QUEUE GRAMMARS

The documentation of (unbounded-length) copying and cross-serial constructions in a few languages in the recent literature is usually taken to mean that natural languages are slightly context-sensitive. However, this ignores those copying constructions which, while productive, cannot be easily shown to apply to infinite sublanguages. To allow such finite copying constructions to be taken into account in formal modeling, it is necessary to recognize that natural languages cannot be realistically represented by formal languages of the usual sort. Rather, they must be modeled as families of formal languages or as formal languages with indefinite vocabularies. Once this is done, we see copying as a truly pervasive and fundamental process in human language. Furthermore, the absence of mirror-image constructions in human languages means that it is not enough to extend Context-free Grammars in the direction of context-sensitivity. Instead, a class of grammars must be found which handles (context-sensitive) copying but not (context-free) mirror images. This suggests that human linguistic processes use queues rather than stacks, making imperative the development of a hierarchy of Queue Grammars as a counterweight to the Chomsky Grammars. A simple class of Context-free Queue Grammars is introduced and discussed.
Non-B DB: a database of predicted non-B DNA-forming motifs in mammalian genomes

Although the capability of DNA to form a variety of non-canonical (non-B) structures has long been recognized, the overall significance of these alternate conformations in biology has only recently become accepted en masse. In order to provide access to genome-wide locations of these classes of predicted structures, we have developed non-B DB, a database integrating annotations and analysis of non-B DNA-forming sequence motifs. The database provides the most complete list of alternative DNA structure predictions available, including Z-DNA motifs, quadruplex-forming motifs, inverted repeats, mirror repeats and direct repeats and their associated subsets of cruciforms, triplex and slipped structures, respectively. The database also contains motifs predicted to form static DNA bends, short tandem repeats and homo(purine•pyrimidine) tracts that have been associated with disease. The database has been built using the latest releases of the human, chimp, dog, macaque and mouse genomes, so that the results can be compared directly with other data sources. In order to make the data interpretable in a genomic context, features such as genes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and repetitive elements (SINE, LINE, etc.) have also been incorporated. The database is accessed through query pages that produce results with links to the UCSC browser and a GBrowse-based genomic viewer. It is freely accessible at http://nonb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov.
A low sidelobe technique for the direct measurement of scattering functions

Effective communication and echolocation depends strongly upon the coherence of the channel through which the signal is propagated. Under certain conditions, the average coherence or equivalently, the spreading of a random channel may be described by a scattering function (SF). This represents a second order (energy) measure of the average delay, Doppler, and more generally, the spatial (azimuthal) spread that the signal experiences. The SF is analogous to the point spread function (PSF) discussed in the image processing literature and likewise describes the amount of "blurring" imposed upon the signal or scene transmitted. The SF will be briefly reviewed and its measurement by both direct (high resolution channel probing) and indirect (deconvolution) methods will be discussed. A new direct method using specially designed waveform pairs and a twin or uncertainty product (UP) receiver structure is introduced. Unlike high resolution matched filter implementations for direct probing that are limited by the fixed volume constraint of ambiguity functions, the UP receiver produces vanishing sidelobes and hence more nearly approximates a desirable two-dimensional delta characteristic. The improvement gained in SF measurement is illustrated by the results of an experiment in which the UP receiver and traditional matched filter implementations were used to directly probe an ocean multipath channel.
Recreational Homes and Migration to Remote Amenity-Rich Areas

Counterurbanization pressures in remote amenity-rich regions present a host of land use and development planning issues. In the work reported here, we identify, examine and spatially analyze residential housing characteristics, land ownership, land developability, nat- ural and human-built amenities, infrastructure density, and socio-demographic data at the minor civil division level for an eight county region of Northern Wisconsin. This is done us- ing spatial error and spatial regime models to distinguish between rural "remote" and "fron- tier" levels of population density. Our intent is to develop initial empirical insights into the counterurbanization process that has been at the core of forest fragmentation and land parcelization during the latter half of the 20th and early 21st Centuries. Results suggest that land developability and the presence of public lands are central significant factors involved in in-migration to the frontier region. Further, we note that seasonal, recreational, and occasion- al use housing units, while an important metric, only partially captures important transitions in housing options for both full-time and part-time residents. Both policy implications and further research needs serve as segues into future regional science effort.
Is it Appropriate to Rely on Seed Set to Assess Candidate Plant Populations for Genetic Rescue? A Case Study with a Threatened Species

Abstract Management of rare plants living in small populations requires life history and breeding system knowledge for informed conservation decisions, yet often management and recovery planning proceeds without breeding system information. We performed a series of hand pollination treatments to determine the breeding system of Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii (Kincaid's lupine), a Threatened plant of western Oregon, and followed its most active pollinator, Bombus californica, to estimate selfing rates. We found that Kincaid's lupine is self-compatible and can also produce seeds through facilitated selfing, a condition without pollen transfer between different flowers on the same plant. Bombus spent at least 75% of their total foraging flight time performing geitonogamous flights, foraging between male and female phase flowers on the same plant, but selfing rates were likely underestimated because Kincaid's lupine is capable of vegetative spread. Moreover, the majority of Bombus foraged contrary to conve...
Geotechnics of Hazardous Waste Control Systems

Contamination of the subsurface environment with hazardous and toxic wastes has become the number one environmental problem. In the United States, a national cleanup effort has begun under C.E.R.C.L.A., the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (42 USC 9601 et seq., 1980), commonly known as Superfund, and its subsequent reauthorization under S.A.R.A., the Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act (P.L. 99–499, October 17, 1986). Over 30 000 sites have been identified, each having the potential for the introduction of contaminants into the subsurface environment. Over 1000 sites have been specifically identified under the Superfund Program as requiring cleanup or remediation; these constitute the National Priorities List (N.P.L.). The geotechnical engineer will continue to play a key role in the assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste sites. More often than not, hazardous waste site conditions include contamination of groundwater and soil, necessitating control and remediation systems interacting with the subsurface environment.
Satellite cell heterogeneity revealed by G-Tool, an open algorithm to quantify myogenesis through colony-forming assays

Muscle growth and repair is accomplished by the satellite cell pool, a self-renewing population of myogenic progenitors. Functional heterogeneity within the satellite cell compartment and changes in potential with experimental intervention can be revealed by in vitro colony-forming cell (CFC) assays, however large numbers of colonies need to be assayed to give meaningful data, and manually quantifying nuclei and scoring markers of differentiation is experimentally limiting. We present G-Tool, a multiplatform (Java) open-source algorithm that analyzes an ensemble of fluorescent micrographs of satellite cell-derived colonies to provide quantitative and statistically meaningful metrics of myogenic potential, including proliferation capacity and propensity to differentiate. We demonstrate the utility of G-Tool in two applications: first, we quantify the response of satellite cells to oxygen concentration. Compared to 3% oxygen which approximates tissue levels, we find that 21% oxygen, the ambient level, markedly limits the proliferative potential of transit amplifying progeny but at the same time inhibits the rate of terminal myogenic differentiation. We also test whether satellite cells from different muscles have intrinsic differences that can be read out in vitro. Compared to masseter, dorsi, forelimb and hindlimb muscles, we find that the diaphragm satellite cells have significantly increased proliferative potential and a reduced propensity to spontaneously differentiate. These features may be related to the unique always-active status of the diaphragm. G-Tool facilitates consistent and reproducible CFC analysis between experiments and individuals. It is released under an open-source license that enables further development by interested members of the community.
Efficient power reduction techniques for time multiplexed address buses

We address the problem of reducing power dissipation on the time multiplexed address buses employed by contemporary DRAMs in SOC designs. We propose address encoding techniques to reduce the transition activity on the time-multiplexed address buses and hence reduce power dissipation. The reduction in transition activity is achieved by exploiting the principle of locality in address streams in addition to its sequential nature. We consider a realistic processor-memory architecture and apply the proposed techniques on the address streams derived from time-multiplexed DRAM addresses. Although the techniques by themselves are not new, we show that a judicious combination of the existing techniques yield significant gains in power reductions. Experiments on SPEC95 benchmark programs show that our encoding techniques yield as much as 82% in transition activity compared to binary encoding. We show that these reductions amount to as much 60% reduction in the off-chip address bus power. Also since the encoder/decoder add some power overhead, we calculate the minimum off-chip bus capacitance to the internal node capacitance ratio needed to achieve power reductions.
Oxidation of Poly(dimethylbutadiene) Popcorn Polymer

Abstract Poly(dimethylbutadiene) popcorn polymer oxidizes readily in the presence of oxygen at room temperature. Quantitative data are presented for the production of the major volatile product, 2,5-hexanedione, as well as for the secondary products: water, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde. Three reaction mechanisms formerly proposed for polyisoprene oxidation are considered for their applicability to poly(dimethylbutadiene) popcorn oxidation. Of these, one that assumes the formation of a Bevilacquatype peroxyalkoxy radical followed by hydrogen abstraction to form an alcohol group, double bond migration, formation of a peroxide radical adjacent to the alcohol, then elimination of a hydroxy radical and scission, can explain the experimental data.
Inelastic Seismic Response of Extended Pile-Shaft-Supported Bridge Structures

Abstract Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were used to evaluate the inelastic seismic response of bridge and viaduct structures supported on extended cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile shafts. The nonlinear dynamic analyses used a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler foundation (BNWF) framework to model the soil-pile interaction, nonlinear fiber beam-column elements to model the reinforced concrete sections, and one-dimensional site response analyses for the free-field soil profile response. The study included consideration of ground motion characteristics, site response, lateral soil resistance, structural parameters, geometric nonlinearity (P-Δ effects), and performance measures. Results described herein focus on how the ground motion characteristics and variations in structural configurations affect the performance measures important for evaluating the inelastic seismic response of these structures. Presented results focus on a representative dense soil profile and thus are not widely applicable to dramaticall...
CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT OF TOOTHBRUSHING BEHAVIOR IN A SUMMER CAMP FOR CHILDREN1

The control of toothbrushing behavior by contingency management was studied with eight, 10 to 12-yr-old boys at a summer camp for children. This behavior occurred infrequently during baseline conditions with and without verbal instructions to the subjects to brush their teeth. Toothbrushing behavior was maintained at a high level when the behavior was required as a prerequisite for the opportunity to swim (contingency management). When, after 22 days, the contingency arrangement between toothbrushing and swimming was terminated, toothbrushing behavior returned to a low level.
Measurements of the RF surface resistance of high-T/sub c/ superconductors

An experimental program is being conducted to assess the applicability of high-T/sub c/ superconductors for use in high-power RF and microwave devices. The program involves the measurement of the RF surface resistance of high-T/sub c/ samples at frequencies between 0.15 and 40 GHz and RF surface magnetic fields as high as 640 G. Polycrystalline samples were found to have surface resistances which increase monotonically with RF-field amplitude, saturating at high field at a few percent of the normal-state surface resistance just above T/sub c/. The data indicate that for high-T/sub c/ materials at low-RF fields, sufficiently low surface resistances are achieved, but at high fields (e.g. >or=30 G) the surface resistances are too large by a factor typically approximately 100.
A Distributed Flocking Approach for Information Stream Clustering Analysis

Intelligence analysts are currently overwhelmed with the amount of information streams generated everyday. There is a lack of comprehensive tool that can real-time analyze the information streams. Document clustering analysis plays an important role in improving the accuracy of information retrieval. However, most clustering technologies can only be applied for analyzing the static document collection because they normally require a large amount of computation resource and long time to get accurate result. It is very difficult to cluster a dynamic changed text information streams on an individual computer. Our early research has resulted in a dynamic reactive flock clustering algorithm which can continually refine the clustering result and quickly react to the change of document contents. This character makes the algorithm suitable for cluster analyzing dynamic changed document information, such as text information stream. Because of the decentralized character of this algorithm, a distributed approach is a very natural way to increase the clustering speed of the algorithm. In this paper, we present a distributed multi-agent flocking approach for the text information stream clustering and discuss the decentralized architectures and communication schemes for load balance and status information synchronization in this approach.
Real Estate Brokers Are Not “Fiduciaries”: A Call for Developing a New Legal Framework

Clients have brought actions against their real estate brokers seeking compensation for alleged improper behavior in dealing with the clients and their interests. Courts have typically adjudicated these cases by defining the broker as a “fiduciary” and then applying traditional fiduciary doctrines to the broker’s actions. This article argues, however, that real estate brokers are not true “fiduciaries” and do not share much in common with classic fiduciaries such as trustees and executors. For example, real estate brokers have a fundamental, inherent conflict of interest with their seller clients with regard to the terms of the sale, a typical seller should be able to recognize that the broker is operating under an incentive system that is at odds with the seller, the broker does not have legal power over the property and the transaction, and fiduciary models create disappointed expectations in buyers. Other attempts to define real estate brokers as either “professionals” or “salespersons” create a false dichotomy. In actuality, brokers are both professionals and salespeople. Rules controlling broker conduct must reflect both of these functions in order to be effective. Designating brokers as “fiduciaries” has the deleterious effect of diluting the concept of the fiduciary in American law and creates confusion over duties that true fiduciaries should observe. Courts should eschew decision by definition, especially when the definition is inappropriate. This article suggests that legislatures and courts should instead adopt a distinct, bespoke set of obligations governing the behavior of real estate brokers based on the reality of the marketplace and legitimate expectations of the parties.
Kinetics of CO2 production on venus

Consideration of theoretical limits and experimental data for the kinetics of the reaction quartz plus calcite yields wollastonite plus CO2 supports the concept of a short-term quasi-equilibrium state for the atmosphere of Venus. These data indicate that the time scale of this reaction and of any competing CO2 producing reaction may be as short as several hundred years or less at the inferred Venus surface temperatures.
Jet fragmentation in p + Pb and Pb + Pb with ATLAS

Abstract The modification of jets in heavy ion collisions is a central tool to study the properties of QCD matter at high temperature and its interaction with hard probes. Jet production in heavy ion collisions is observed to be suppressed relative to expectations from pp collisions and the measurement of the longitudinal fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb can provide insight into mechanism of the modification of the parton showering by the QCD medium. In proton-nucleus collisions, a large amount of hot QCD matter is not expected to be made and no evidence of jet suppression is observed. However, an excess is observed in the production of high momentum charged particles in p +Pb collisions relative to pp collisions. The p +Pb fragmentation functions can provide insight into the high momentum charged particle excess and into a possible influence of Pb+Pb jet fragmentation by effects due to the nuclear initial state. The ATLAS measurements of charged particle fragmentation functions in pp , p +Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions are presented.
The Relationship Between Controlled Substances and Violence

A causal relationship between controlled substances and firearm violence has been widely assumed in the United States, and federal law prohibits individuals who are "unlawful users of or addicted to any controlled substance" from purchasing or possessing firearms (68 FR 3750. 2003. Codified at 27 CFR §478.11). However, the law does a poor job of defining "unlawful users," resulting in recent calls for a revised, actionable definition. Such a definition should be informed by research evidence, but to date the epidemiologic research on the relationship between controlled substances and violence has not been comprehensively reviewed. The initial goal of this review was to summarize the best available evidence on the relationship between controlled substances and firearm violence, but only 1 study specific to firearm violence was identified. We therefore reviewed studies of this relationship using broader measures of interpersonal violence and suicide, all of which included but were not limited to firearm violence, and measures of illicit firearm carrying. Prospective longitudinal studies (n = 22) from 1990 to 2014 were identified by using searches of online databases and citation tracking. Information was extracted from each study by using a standardized protocol. Quality of evidence was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. Aggregate measures of controlled substance use were associated with increased interpersonal violence and suicide, but evidence regarding the relationship between specific substances and violence was mixed. Involvement in illegal drug sales was consistently associated with interpersonal violence. To effectively revise extant federal law and delineate appropriate prohibiting criteria, more research is needed to understand the relationship between controlled substances and firearm violence.
Community Disadvantage and Adolescent’s Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Father Influence

Among adolescents, positive parenting behavior has been found to lessen the negative effects associated with living in an impoverished community. Few studies however, have focused on the association between macro-level community influences and adolescent outcomes, and the possible parenting mechanisms through which this relationship exists. Further, less empirical attention has been directed towards the unique role played by fathers in mediating contextual influences on adolescent outcomes. To address this gap in the literature, using a nationally representative subsample of adolescents, the current study explores the mediating role of father’s school-related involvement and father–adolescent relationship quality on the association between community-level disadvantage and adolescent’s academic achievement. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling revealed a significant relationship between community disadvantage and adolescent’s academic achievement, which was further mediated by aspects of father’s influence. Among other things, findings lend support for a model outlining father’s influence as a mediator of the relationship between contextual factors and adolescent’s academic success.
Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s

High above Nagaevo Bay, the city of Magadan affords an impressive panorama of rocky cliffs that fall precipitously into the Sea of Okhotsk. Beautiful and serene, the view typifies the natural scenery of this mountainous Pacific coasdine in the farthest reaches of northeastern Russia. But it also belies the tragic history of the region in the Stalin era, when the Soviet government sent upwards of one million prisoners to Magadan for servitude in the hard labor camps of the Kolyma and Chukodsa. In the national consciousness, the city has for many years held a unique and vexing significance, all the more intense because so many thed on the neighboring tundra. Standing as the most notorious center of the gulag, indeed as its "capital," Magadan became synonymous witii the Great Terror.
A TECHNIQUE FOR ELICITING PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS CHANGE

Personal construct theory suggests personality is shaped by the individuals' constructs (Kelly, 1955). The theory assumes people change their consuucts and that therapy is largely concerned with facilitating this process. Very little laboratory research has been conducted on techniques and processes of change of personal constructs. Hinkle (1965) developed a grid method in which subjects reported those constructs they would change under certain conditions. construct changes following. invalidation have been studied by Bannister ( 1965 ) . Studies of construct change during therapy have also been conducted (Fransella & Bannister, 1977). Generally these studies have been based on self-reports or have addressed nonspecific types of changes. The present study addresses a technique for eliciting specific types of changes of constructs within a laboratory context. Demonstrating the usefulness of the technique should afford opportunities for experimentally isolating and controlling the sources of variance in construct change. Following Kelly's (1955) practice of asking patients to embrace alternative constructions of people, subjects were asked to focus on contrasting features of people. One group, composed of 19 college student volunteers, was asked to write essays on how their parents were different. Another group of 18 volunteers wrote essays on how their parents were similar. Both groups then completed a coordinate repertory grid (Chambers, 1983) composed of the following figures: father, mother, a disliked male, a same-sex friend, an oppositesex friend, a favorite teacher, and self. Subjecrs ranked each figure against every other figure in terms of general similarity. Change was measured by contrasting the Spearman correlations between the ranks associated with the mother and father figures, across essay groups. Correlations were squared, retaining the signs, and a t test was conducted on these coefficients of determination. The mean for the "differences" group was -.I7 (SD .40, n 19) . The mean for the "similarities" group was .17 (SD .36, n 18). The means were significantly different ( tS5 2.70, p < .05).
Lines of the Nation: Indian RailwayWorkers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self. By Laura Bear.

(2009). Lines of the Nation: Indian RailwayWorkers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self. By Laura Bear. Cultural and Social History: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 379-381.
Current Energy Consumption and Existing Problems of Homemade 600MW Supercritical Turboset

Aiming that the heat rate of homemade 600 MW supercritical turboset is generally higher than designed value and it causes high coal consumption and failure to reach expected economy level of operation,the paper analyzes current heat rate of 600 MW supercritical turboset and takes test data of some turboset as an example.It quantitively analyzes impact of various factors deviating from the designed value on heat rate of turboset,and it is believed that inefficiency of cylinder,large air leakage of shaft seal and valve stem,sharp temperature difference of high pressure heater,high backpressure of turboset as well as severe leakage of thermodynamic system are major factors influencing heat rate of homemade 600 MW supercritical turboset.
Surgical decompression coupled with diagnostic dynamic intraoperative angiography for bow hunter's syndrome.

Background: Bow hunter's syndrome, also known as rotational vertebrobasilar insufficiency, arises from mechanical compression of the vertebral artery during the neck rotation. Surgical options have been the mainstay treatment of choice. Postoperative imaging is typically used to assess adequate decompression. On the other hand, intraoperative assessment of decompression has been rarely reported.
Geology of the Caves in the Northern Cove

The structure plunges to the northeast, carrying the limestone below the Oriskany Sandstone and the Millboro Shale. There are three large caves in this region, Water Sinks Cave that marks the downstream termination of the Burnsville Cove Drainage, Helictite Cave just north of the contact, and Wishing Well Cave, completely beneath the caprock. Much of the drainage from the Cove converges to the Emerald Pool in the Water Sinks Subway and from there follows a major lineament eastward to Aqua Cave and discharges at Aqua Spring. Helictite Cave and Wishing Well Cave are an abandoned part of the Emory Spring drainage but developed deeper below the non-karstic sandstones and shales than might have been expected. Present day recharge along the flanks of Jack Mountain must flow at considerable depth and almost right angles to the structure to reach Emory Spring.
The Epitome and Repercussions of the New Woman

The imagination of the Italia futurista women was stimulated by lively debates within their avant-garde circle. These debates were extolling modernity, masculinity, elitism, and nationalism, in a society witnessing the devastating effects of the war and being transformed by new global configurations, increased mass culture, and burgeoning feminist demands. Their imagination was also stirred by the cross-cultural exchange within their circle and the influence of such trends as eugenics, naturism and esotericism.
Optimal Sub-band Beamforming with Frequency Masking for SHM

Some classical structural health monitoring methods based on the vibration response of the structure use global parameters to detect damage. Because global parameters such as mode shapes and frequencies have a very low sensitivity to damage, they are poor indicators of structural changes. A different approach involves the use of the wavelet packet transform combined with a spatial filtering beamforming technique. While the wavelet packet decomposition provides a level-by-level decomposition of the signal in different sub-bands, the beamforming spatial filter bank provides spatial resolution. By using this approach, it is possible to localize damage in space and frequency. The damage is located using two realizations of a finite element model for a beam, the first simulating the structure in pristine conditions and the second simulating the structure with damage. The damage can be observed using a normalized energy difference approach and it is localized in frequency and space. This paper will discuss the optimization of the beamforming beampattern and a possible frequency masking to enhance the detection of the damage.
IgA dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis update: pathology spectrum and disease mechanisms

Abstract IgA dominant postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is a disease of adults, frequently diabetic. While idiopathic IgA commonly presents as a hematuric disease triggered by infection (synpharyngitic IgA for example, occurring 1–2 days after pharyngitis), IgA dominant PIGN typically occurs weeks or months after infection and presents with acute kidney injury, hematuria and proteinuria. Pathologically, the renal biopsy shows variable light microscopic findings ranging from diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis to mesangial hypercellularity, dominant or co-dominant IgA deposits by immunofluorescence, and frequently but not always, subepithelial "hump"-shaped electron dense deposits. Some cases mimic vasculitis and have positive ANCA serology. The majority of cases are associated with Staphylococcal infections, often methicillin resistant (MRSA). In the last few years, infections other than Staphylococcus were identified as a cause of IgA PIGN leading some authors to use the term "infection related" IgA dominant PIGN. It is the aim of this review to discuss the salient clinical and pathologic features of IgA dominant PIGN and present the disease spectrum based on the recent literature and our own experience. Proposed pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria are discussed.
TINJAUAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN UNTUK PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PADA SUATU INSTANSI PEMERINTAH

The development of human resources through education and training is basically a member of the organization in the capacity building work, means of achievement of each employee assessed and measured according to the criteria predefined by the organization. Education and training in government institutions aim to increase the knowledge, expertise, skills and attitudes to be able to carry out the duties of office are prefesional with based on personality and employee ethics. Methods of data collection in this study is the observation and study of literature with qualitative analysis methods. Based on the research results, the implementation of education and training is good enough. Employees who have the education or training to become more skilled in carrying out its work. Education and training is an effort to develop human resources primarily for professional development related to the capabilities and skills of the civil servants. The purpose of this study was to determine how the pattern of education and training provided by a government agency to the ministry, especially civil servants, benefits and objectives. While the usefulness of this study is to add insight, information, and knowledge of employment issues at a government agency, especially at the level of education and vocational training of civil servants. Keywords: Education and Training
Role of Estrogen and Progesterone in Obesity Associated Gynecologic Cancers

Obesity is an established endometrial cancer risk factor, and may, to a lesser extent, also increase ovarian cancer. Given that the primary source of postmenopausal estrogens is through peripheral conversion of precursors in adipose tissue and that endometrial cancer arises from an imbalance of estrogen to progesterone levels, much attention has focused on these two hormones.
Abstract #1737: Structural and functional analysis of Nucleophosmin I (NPM1) in human malignant gliomas.

Nucleophosmin I (NPM1), a member of the NPM family, is an abundant phosphoprotein that contains a nuclear localization signal and thus shuttles between the nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartments, particularly, during cell cycle progression. A multifunctional protein, NPM1 is involved in a variety of cellular functions, including, transcriptional regulation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and motility, as well as, in the chaperoning of pre-ribosomal particles and ribosome biogenesis, stress response, the maintenance of genomic stability and DNA repair. More recent studies have suggested NPM1 to be a marker of malignancy in gliomas and to regulate the activity of tumor suppressors and cytoskeletal dynamics in astrocytes. In other malignancies, notably, acute myeloid leukemia, mutations at exon 12 of NPM1 have been associated with the relocalization of NPM1 from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and with differential prognosis. These NPM1 mutant proteins are characterized by, at least one tryptophan residue affecting codon 289 and/or 291 residues within the nucleolar localization signal domain at the C-terminus of the protein. Against this background, we examined a panel of malignant glioma cell lines and primary specimens, including, glioblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and normal astrocytomas for the expression and mutational status of NPM1. NPM1 mutations were examined by amplifying a DNA fragment containing the mutational hotspot in exon 12, the PCR product purified and directly sequenced. Transcriptional expression was determined by either immunohistochemistry and/or quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed no detectable mutations in exon 12 of the NPM1 gene in any of the specimens and cell lines, regardless of histology. In contrast, we observed a significant heterogeneity in expression of NPM1 gene transcripts, with the highest level in glioblastomas. Flow cytometry indicated a relationship between the level of NPM1 gene transcripts and/or protein expression and an increased fraction of S-phase cells. These results suggest that in malignant gliomas, the NPM1 gene is not regulated by structural alterations, i.e. mutations, but rather by transcriptional regulation. The findings suggest a direct role of NPM1 in the biology of gliomas. Ongoing studies are directed at determining the mechanistic basis of the differential NPM1 expression in gliomas and its effect on therapeutic response. Supported by NIH grants RO1 CA127872, RO1 CA 112519, P50CA108786 and P30-CA14236. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1737.
Toward Direct Protein S-Persulfidation: A Prodrug Approach That Directly Delivers Hydrogen Persulfide

A general strategy of delivering hydrogen persulfide (H2S2) is described herein. Esterase- and phosphatase-sensitive H2S2 prodrugs with tunable release rates have been synthesized. Their utility is validated in examining protein S-persulfidation. With this unique approach of directly delivering H2S2, our findings reaffirmed that S-persulfidation leads to decreased activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This new approach complements available prodrugs/donors that directly deliver a single species, including hydrogen sulfide, perthiol, and COS, and will be very useful as part of the toolbox for delineating the mechanisms of sulfur signaling.
A high throughput approach for the generation of orthogonally interacting protein pairs.

In contrast to the nearly error-free self-assembly of protein architectures in nature, artificial assembly of protein complexes with pre-defined structure and function in vitro is still challenging. To mimic nature’s strategy to construct pre-defined three-dimensional protein architectures, highly specific protein-protein interacting pairs are needed. Here we report an effort to create an orthogonally interacting protein pair from its parental pair using a bacteria-based in vivo directed evolution strategy. This high throughput approach features a combination of a negative and a positive selection. The newly developed negative selection from this work was used to remove any protein mutants that retain effective interaction with their parents. The positive selection was used to identify mutant pairs that can engage in effective mutual interaction. By using the cohesin-dockerin protein pair that is responsible for the self-assembly of cellulosome as a model system, we demonstrated that a protein pair that is orthogonal to its parent pair could be readily generated using our strategy. This approach could open new avenues to a wide range of protein-based assembly, such as biocatalysis or nanomaterials, with pre-determined architecture and potentially novel functions and properties.
Electron beam detection of cobalt trench embedded voids enabling improved process control for Middle-Of-Line at the 7nm node and beyond

Inline detection of embedded voids within Middle-Of-Line (MOL) cobalt metal lines is a major industry gap at 7nm technology node and below, for both developing the new metallization solutions, as well as for monitoring during ramp and production. We present a new non-destructive electron beam cobalt void detection method, leveraging an improved scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging technique, which enable an accurate detection of voids embedded inside MOL metal trenches. After explaining the potential process mechanisms causing void formation, we introduce the e-beam technique, and demonstrate by simulation and experiments the correlation between the electron signal and the volume and depth of the voids. We conclude this paper by discussing how a defect inspection strategy using a massive metrology approach can lead to a faster and more efficient development of the Cobalt metallization.
Neuroimaging for Neurodevelopmental Prognostication in High-Risk Neonates

Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates remains challenging despite advances in neonatal care. Early and accurate characterization of infants at risk for neurodevelopmental delays is necessary to best identify those who may benefit from existing early interventions and novel therapies that become available. Although neuroimaging is a promising biomarker in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk infants, it requires additional resources and expertise. Despite many advances in neonatal neuroimaging, there remain limitations in relating early neuroimaging findings with long-term outcomes; further studies are necessary to determine the optimal protocols to best identify high-risk patients and improve neurodevelopmental outcome prediction.
Grammar Gathering Techniques

This chapter focuses on grammar gathering techniques. By “grammar” we mean the morphology and syntax of a language. Phonology and phonetics data gathering techniques were addressed in Chapter 10. In this introduction, we present preliminary questions about grammar gathering techniques (Section 12.1.1), and then discuss issues of terminology and classification regarding grammar gathering tasks (Section 12.1.2). Then, as in Chapter 11, we divide the discussion into morphosyntax, morphology, and syntax. Morphosyntax gathering techniques (Section 12.2) are those that can be applied equally well to morphology and to syntax; morphology gathering techniques (Section 12.3) apply to morphology only; and syntax gathering techniques (Section 12.4) apply to syntax only.
Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer: Patterns of Nodal Disease

ObjectiveTo characterize patterns of neck lymph node (LN) metastases in human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, represented by p16 positivity (p16+OPSCC).Study ...