cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review and recommendations for the prevention, management, and treatment of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting

Patients have rated severe nausea to be worse than postoperative pain. The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is 25%-30% and can lead to delayed discharge and unanticipated hospital admission. After outpatient surgery, the overall incidence of postdischarge nausea has been reported to be 17% and of vomiting 8%, higher than nausea and vomiting reported during the procedure or recovery. Patients who experienced postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) were unable to resume normal daily activities as quickly. This paper addresses the frequency, pathophysiology and patient perception of PONV and PDNV and reviews antiemetics and adjunctive medications used for the prevention, management, and treatment of PONV and PDNV. For each, the indication, mechanism of action, adverse effects, drug interactions, and implications for oral surgery and outpatient sedation are provided. Because many antiemetics are available for prevention, management, and treatment of PONV and PDNV, optimal medication choices are important for each procedure and patient.
Wireless sensing system for bridge condition assessment and health monitoring

Discussed in this paper is the deployment of a universal and low-cost dense wireless sensor system for structural monitoring, load rating and condition assessment of bridges. The wireless sensor system developed is designed specifically for diagnostic bridge monitoring, providing independent conditioning for both accelerometers and strain transducers in addition to high-rate wireless data transmission. The system was field deployed on a three span simply supported bridge superstructure, where strain and acceleration measurements were obtained simultaneously and in realtime at critical locations under several loading conditions, providing reliable quantitative information as to the actual performance level of the bridge. Monitoring was also conducted as the bridge was subjected to various controlled damage scenarios on the final day of testing. Select cases of detected damage using strain and modal based analysis are presented.
Strength relationship of the knee musculature: effects of gravity and sport*.

The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of gravity and sport on the hamstrings-quadriceps strength relationships. The peak torques at four speeds of isokinetic exercise (60, 180, 240, 300°/sec) were determined for 20 male college track athletes, including 10 sprinters and 10 distance runners. The runners were tested on a Cybex® II isokinetic dynamometer. Peak torque measurements were corrected for the effects of gravity. Results of the present study showed that: 1) the effects of gravity significantly alters the hamstrings to quadriceps ratio at all velocities, and 2) there is no statistically significant difference in the hamstrings-quadriceps strength ratios between the two groups of athletes except at 300°/sec. At that speed, sprinters had a higher ratio than distance runners.
Coordination of a multidivisional organization through two levels of management

Abstract This paper develops the bilevel multidivisional programming problem (BMPP) as a model for a decentralized organization. In particular, a hierarchical arrangement comprising one superior unit and M subordinate units is proposed where each unit is assumed to control a unique set of decision variables defined over jointly dependent strategy sets. Individual but interdependent objective functions are also assumed so that each unit may influence but not control another. In the formulation, decisions are made in two stages with top management given the first choice followed by the concurrent responses of the divisions. In this way it is possible to account for production externalities at the lower level and coordination activities at the higher level. As such, after outlining the major geometry of the linear case, the usefulness of the general model is discussed from a management perspective. Ramifications relating to opportunity costs, capacity utilization and computational requirements are presented and highlighted through a variety of examples.
Quality metric for accurate overlay control in <20nm nodes

The semiconductor industry is moving toward 20nm nodes and below. As the Overlay (OVL) budget is getting tighter at these advanced nodes, the importance in the accuracy in each nanometer of OVL error is critical. When process owners select OVL targets and methods for their process, they must do it wisely; otherwise the reported OVL could be inaccurate, resulting in yield loss. The same problem can occur when the target sampling map is chosen incorrectly, consisting of asymmetric targets that will cause biased correctable terms and a corrupted wafer. Total measurement uncertainty (TMU) is the main parameter that process owners use when choosing an OVL target per layer. Going towards the 20nm nodes and below, TMU will not be enough for accurate OVL control. KLA-Tencor has introduced a quality score named ‘Qmerit’ for its imaging based OVL (IBO) targets, which is obtained on the-fly for each OVL measurement point in X & Y. This Qmerit score will enable the process owners to select compatible targets which provide accurate OVL values for their process and thereby improve their yield. Together with K-T Analyzer’s ability to detect the symmetric targets across the wafer and within the field, the Archer tools will continue to provide an independent, reliable measurement of OVL error into the next advanced nodes, enabling fabs to manufacture devices that meet their tight OVL error budgets.
Glycamino Substances in Human Brain

DURING the course of studies on the more comprehensive extraction of brain proteins with neutral aqueous buffers1 it was noted that appreciable quantities of material soluble in organic solvents were extracted together at the same time2. Some of this non-dialysable material was found to have the mobility on thin layer chromatography of perfectly free, unattached and identifiable lipid compounds. On the other hand, several substances staining as lipids in this material were observed on thin layer chromatography. These were distinguished from any known brain lipids by their markedly lower mobilities. Seven of these previously unrecognized substances have now been isolated, and, because of their content of carbohydrate and amino groups, have been called glycamino substances pending complete structural identification.
DataPrism: a tool for visualizing multimodal data

We present DataPrism, a new interactive visualization tool to aid analysis of multimodal activity data. DataPrism enables analysts to visualize, annotate, and link multiple time-based data streams, including video, log files, and paper-based digital notes. Automated analysis is supported through a plug-in mechanism. A usage scenario is employed to describe DataPrism's current facilities.
Maladaptive effects of learning with the less-affected forelimb after focal cortical infarcts in rats

It is common following stroke to focus early rehabilitation efforts on developing compensatory use of the less-affected body side. Here we used a rat model of focal cortical infarct to examine how motor skill acquisition with the less-affected (“intact”) forelimb influences sensorimotor function of the infarct-impaired forelimb and neural activity in peri-infarct cortex. Rats proficient in skilled reaching with one forelimb were given focal ischemic lesions in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC). Recovery in this forelimb was tested following a period of reach training focused on the intact forelimb or control procedures. Quantitative measures of the cumulatively expressed transcription factor, FosB/ΔFosB, were used to assay intact forelimb training effects on neuronal activity in remaining SMC of the infarcted hemisphere. Intact forelimb training worsened behavioral recovery in the impaired forelimb following unilateral focal ischemia. Furthermore, it decreased neuronal FosB/ΔFosB expression in layer II/III of peri-infarct SMC. These effects were not found in sham-operated rats trained sequentially with both forelimbs or in animals receiving bilateral forelimb training after unilateral infarcts. Thus, focused use of the intact forelimb has detrimental effects on recovery of impaired forelimb function following a focal ischemic injury and this is linked to reduced neuronal activation in remaining cortex. These results suggest that peri-infarct cortex becomes vulnerable to early post-stroke experience with the less-affected forelimb and that this experience may drive neural plasticity here in a direction that is maladaptive for functional outcome.
Automated gradient-elution column chromatography of lipids

An automated gradient-elution chromatography system was developed specifically for the separation of complex mixtures of naturally occuring lipids obtained from various tissues. It uses silica gel columns with concave gradients of increasing polarity. These gradients offer advantages over the convex type because of the absorptive properties of most lipid classes on silica gel.
Chloroplast DNA from lettuce and Barnadesia (Asteraceae): structure, gene localization, and characterization of a large inversion

We have cloned into plasmids 17 of 18 lettuce chloroplast DNA SacI fragments covering 96% of the genome. The cloned fragments were used to construct cleavage maps for 10 restriction enzymes for the chloroplast genomes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Barnadesia caryophylla, two distantly related species in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Both genomes are approximately 151 kb in size and contain a 25 kb inverted repeat. We also mapped the position and orientation of 37 chloroplast DNA genes. The mapping studies reveal that chloroplast DNAs of lettuce and Barnadesia differ by a 22 kb inversion in the large single copy region. Barnadesia has retained the primitive land plant genome arrangement, while the inversion has occurred in a lettuce lineage. The endpoints of the derived lettuce inversion were located by comparison to the well-characterized spinach and tobacco genomes. Both endpoints are located in intergenic spacers within tRNA gene clusters; one cluster being located downstream from the atpA gene and the other upstream from the psbD gene. The endpoint near the atpA gene is very close to one endpoint of a 20 kb inversion in wheat (Howe et al. 1983; Quigley and Weil 1985). Comparison of the restriction site maps gives an estimated sequence divergence of 3.7% for the lettuce and Barnadesia genomes. This value is relatively low compared to previous estimates for other angiosperm groups, suggesting a high degree of sequence conservation in the Asteraceae.
Development of a cascade flow cell for dynamic aqueous phase detection using modified SERS substrates

We are reporting the development of an efficient flow-through cell for liquid chromatography (LC) and flow injection analysis (FIA). This is a continuation of previous efforts toward the development of molecular-specific chromatographic detectors using modified surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The flow-through cell incorporates a cascade geometry that is capable of accepting modified SERS substrates. It has an effective dead volume of 2.5 μL, can withstand pressures in excess of 750 psi, and has a plano-convex GRIN lens design that produces an overall spectral throughput near 70%. We also report on limitations to the sensitivity of SERS under dynamic conditions and reduced sensitivity due to the presence of organic solvents. However, reasonable limits of detection were achieved with FIA-SERS for the detection of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene). The utility of multicomponent analysis software for interpreting both Raman and SERS spectral data under static...
Criterion validity of the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) after traumatic brain injury

Abstract The California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) was performed by 200 participants, divided into moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (n = 43), mild traumatic brain injury (n = 57) and demographically matched control (n = 100) groups. Participants with complicating premorbid histories or who scored below 15/16 on the CVLT-II forced choice recognition trial were excluded. There were statistically significant (p
Noisy selection model and the evolution of firm size and within-firm earnings distributions: a unified approach

Striking parallels observed in the evolution of firm size and within-firm earnings distributions over time are documented. At the time of entry, the distribution of the whole sample and that of eventual survivors look similar, but the distribution of survivors subsequently shifts to the right. The left tails thins out while the right tail thickens, and the variance increases. While separate theories in industrial organization and labor literature are offered to account for this evidence, we demonstrate that it can be explained in a unified framework presented by noisy selection. In particular, we show explicitly that noisy selection implies the shift of the conditional distribution to the right because less efficient workers (firms) face higher hazard rates before their true efficiency is revealed with certainty.
Portable Photonics Optical Detection System for Monitoring Molecular Oxygen and Photosensitizer Concentration in Photodynamic Therapy Milieu

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA approved, effective, and minimally invasive cancer treatment modality with few side effects. Optimization of the PDT protocol for individual patient requires good therapeutic selectivity and high efficacy. This is possible only by enabling continuous monitoring of treating area of each patient for essential components for PDT. Two most essential components of PDT are photosensitizing agents and molecular oxygen. Currently the PDT is rather a blind process since there are no proper methods to monitor the tumor blood oxygen level and photosensitizer concentration during the treatment. In this paper we present an optical technique to monitor the tumor oxygen level and photosensitizer concentration. The technique investigated in this paper is a reflection optical technique designed with tiny semiconductor lasers and a silicon photodiode. The measurement of blood oxygen level with optical technique is not an uncommon method, but conventional transmission technique cannot be applied to the internal organs such as esophagus, trachea, and intestine. The light used in the monitoring system comes from three semiconductor diode lasers of 630nm, 650 nm and 940 nm wavelengths. Three lasers and the photodiode are mounted on to a small package to be able to imprint on to the balloon catheter that the PDT light delivery system is carrying in case of body cavities. Lasers and the photodiode are powered and controlled by the control box that is connected with a tinny cable. Light sources and respective photodiode output is controlled by the LabVIEW virtual instrumentation. The sequential on and off of light source and respective reflective signal is processed with MATLAB code integrates in the LabVIEW to make automatic calculation of the corresponding light absorption by each chromophore and to show the change in oxygen level and the photosensitizer concentration in the monitoring area. The designed system is capable of monitoring change in oxygen and photosensitizer level in any part of the human body where the tinny package is possible to place.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Comparison of salivary amylase-levels in the human male and female.

IN 1940, Lacassagne1 demonstrated sexual dimorphism in the submandibular glands of mice and other rodents. Later, Raynaud and Rebeyrotte2,3 found that the amylase-level of saliva from male mice is 50 per cent higher than that of female mice. They also reported that administration of testosterone propionate to female mice raised their salivary amylase-level to that of untreated males and that castration of males reduced their amylase-level to that of normal females. Swigart et al.4 have reported that the amylase content of the submandibular glands of male mice is three times that of the female, that castration reduced the submandibular gland amylase-level of the male mice to less than 50 per cent of normal and that administration of testosterone to castrated females raised the submandibular amylase-level to a level comparable to that in the male.
INMATE HOMOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN A SOUTHERN FEMALE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY

Research concerning variables which impact inmate participation in same-sex sexual behavior within female correctional facilities is sparse. Data were collected via anonymous questionnaires from 245 inmates at a southern female correctional facility. Variables associated with same-sex sexual behavior among female inmates were prior homosexual behavior, younger age, and amount of time already served. Possible explanations for these findings are explored.
Critical soil phosphorus of a low‐P loess‐derived soil as affected by storage temperature

Abstract Overwintering soil temperature may influence crop response to phosphorus (P) and indices of P availability in the humid, temperate, transitional climate of Tennessee. The effects of P fertilization and soil incubation temperature on sorghumsudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. Sudanese) grown on a Typic Hapludalf was investigated in a greenhouse study. In order to determine the effect of temperature on P availability, soils were incubated prior to cropping, at a constant temperature of 6°C or an average diurnal temperature of 24 and 36°C. Reagent grade Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O was used as the fertilizer source and applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg P kg‐1 for the first test and 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg P kg‐ 1 for the second test. Critical P concentration in the shoots for optimum yield was found to be 1.3 mg g‐1, corresponding to soil solution and labile P concentrations of 5.5 μmol L‐1 and 167 μg g‐1, respectively. Optimum yield occurred for applications of >65 mg P kg‐1 and was unaffected by soil incub...
Further validity and normative data for the Malouff and Schutte Belief Scale.

The present study provides further validity and normative data for the Malouff and Schutte (1986) Belief Scale. Belief Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Neuroticism Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory scores of a sample of 197 adults were correlated, and evidence for both construct and discriminant validities and support for the RET model were obtained. The Belief Scale appears to be a promising instrument for clinical research and the assessment of irrational beliefs.
Highlighting the ratio of sodium to potassium in population-level dietary assessments: cross-sectional data from New York City, USA.

Objective: To contrast mean values of Na:K with Na and K mean intakes by demographic factors, and to calculate the prevalence of New York City (NYC) adults meeting the WHO guideline for optimal Na:K (<1 mmol/mmol, i.e. <0·59 mg/mg) using 24 h urinary values. Design: Data were from the 2010 Community Health Survey Heart Follow-Up Study, a population-based, representative study including data from 24 h urine collections. Setting: Participants were interviewed using a dual-frame sample design consisting of random-digit dial telephone exchanges that cover NYC. Data were weighted to be representative of NYC adults as a whole. Subjects: The final sample of 1656 adults provided 24 h urine collections and self-reported health data. Results: Mean Na:K in NYC adults was 1·7 mg/mg. Elevated Na:K was observed in young, minority, low-education and high-poverty adults. Only 5·2 % of NYC adults had Na:K in the optimal range. Conclusions: Na intake is high and K intake is low in NYC adults, leading to high Na:K. Na:K is a useful marker and its inclusion for nutrition surveillance in populations, in addition to Na and K intakes, is indicated.
Recent advances in the second-order nonlinear optical properties of amorphous silica materials

Recently, there has been much progress towards the establishment of SiO2 as a practical non-linear material. Three processes currently being explored for creating second-order nonlinearities in SiO2-based materials include: photoinduced second harmonic generation observed in fibers and fiber preforms, temperature/electric-field poling of bulk fused silica and of SiO2-based waveguide structures, and electron-beam irradiation of bulk lead silicate glasses. This paper reviews the current state of these three processes and discusses some advantages and disadvantages.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The association of tracheal anomalies and tetralogy of Fallot

Objective: To determine the incidence of tracheal anomalies in children with tetralogy of Fallot. Design: Retrospective. Setting: A university children's hospital. Participants: Forty-four children with the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot who underwent either primary or palliative cardiac surgery. Measurements and Main Results: Three criteria were used to identify tracheal abnormalities: (1) direct laryngoscopic evidence; (2) radiographic evidence; and/or (3) inability to intubate the trachea with an endotracheal (ET) tube of appropriate size for age, followed by insertion of a 2.5-mm ET tube. An 11% incidence (5/44) of tracheal anomalies was noted. These could be separated into two categories: isolated upper airway pathology (either glottic or subglottic stenosis) and lower tracheal pathology. None of the five children identified with tracheal abnormalities manifested any preoperative signs or symptoms suggestive of airway problems. Four of the children experienced significant perioperative complications resulting directly from the underlying tracheal pathology. This represented a 9% morbidity (4/44) for patients presenting for repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Conclusions: A significant incidence of tracheal anomalies is associated with tetralogy of Fallot, leading to potential perioperative complications.
Social anxiety: from the inside and outside

Abstract The personality construct of social anxiety was examined employing several methods, including the self-report subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, descriptions provided both by subjects and two college peers using the modified California Q-sort and direct observations of behavior recorded using the Behavioral Q-sort, of both the target subject and a randomly assigned, opposite sex interaction partner. A remarkable convergence in the content of all three types of descriptions was obtained for both male and female subjects. The socially anxious individual characterizes him/herself and is seen by his/her college peers as fearful, self-pitying and unassertive, while displaying a lack of social skills and a generally awkward interpersonal style in a series of interactions with a stranger of the opposite sex. In addition, it would appear that social anxiety has a negative effect on the behavior of the interaction partner of the socially anxious individual, thus providing support for an interpersonal cycle of social anxiety.
GLYCOSYLATION IS INFLUENTIAL IN MURINE IGG3 SELF-ASSOCIATION

Abstract In mice and humans, antibodies of the IgG3 isotype are unique in that they spontaneously self-associate. A consequence is the formation of cryoglobulins from some, but not all IgG3 molecules. Little is known about the structural basis of murine IgG3 self-association. A region of the CH3 domain that is unique to IgG3 antibodies is the presence of an extra glycosylation site at residues 471–473. It is known that glycosylation greatly influences solubility. It has also been shown by X-ray crystallography that glycosylated residues (specifically sialic acid) are influential in the contacts of theCHI to CH2 as well as the CH2 to CH2 domains in a human IgGl antibody. These findings provided evidence that a direct interaction exists between the glycosylated residues and other residues within the constant and/or variable domains. It was, therefore, important to determine whether the glycosylated residue in the CH3 domain of the IgG3 constant region is influential in self-association. We have found that removing the glycosylation site by site-directed mutagenesis of an IgG3 RF significantly reduced the self-associating ability of this antibody.
Multimodality therapy for locoregional extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the majority of patients present with advanced disease. Due in part to numeric rarity, the optimum role of radiotherapy (RT) for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as its relative benefit, is an area of debate. The specific aim of this series was to estimate survival for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients receiving surgery and adjuvant RT using a robust population-based data set. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) limited-use data set for selected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cases. Lognormal multivariate survival analysis was implemented to estimate survival for patients for treatment cohorts based on extent of surgical intervention and RT. RESULTS: Parametric estimated median survival for patients receiving total/radical resection + RT was 26 months; it was 25 months for total/radical resection alone, 25 months for subtotal/debulking resection + RT, 21 months for subtotal/debulking resection, 12 months for RT alone, and 9 months for those not receiving surgery or RT. Parametric multivariate analysis revealed age, American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage, grade, and surgical/radiation regimen as statistically significant covariates with survival. Surgery alone and adjuvant RT cohorts demonstrated evidence of improved survival compared with no treatment; comparatively, RT alone was associated with survival decrement. Early improvement in survival in adjuvant cohorts was not observed at later time points. CONCLUSIONS: Survival estimates using SEER data suggest an early survival advantage for adjuvant RT for patients with locoregional extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Although future prospective series are needed to confirm these observations, SEER data represent the largest domestic population-based extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cohort, and may provide useful baseline survival estimates for future studies. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Decision Processes for Developing Strategic Applications of Information Systems: A Contingency Approach*

Strategic applications of information systems (IS) are considered by IS researchers to be determined by contextual factors such as environmental uncertainty, and influenced by attributes of the processes preceding them, such as planning and top management support. For better management of the process leading to these applications, it is essential to understand the relationship between process attributes and contextual factors. Utilizing a contingency approach, this article takes a step toward such an understanding. Based on successful strategic IS applications from 81 large companies, it examines the relationship between the context of these applications and the decision-making process leading to them. The results indicate that the external environment is related to whether a rational or political decision-making process is used. The IS function seems to influence the use of the decision process implied by IS researchers, one in which the top management champions the strategic application, while the IS managers contribute by conducting in-depth analysis. However, the organization structure was not related to any decision process attribute. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are also discussed.
A Motion-Tracking Ultrasonic Sensor Array for Behavioral Monitoring

The application of Kalman filtering to track subjects' movements during a behavioral experiment is discussed. Specifically, an overhead array of wireless, ultrasound sensors automatically tracks the position of a parent, child, and stranger over a 4.45 m × 4.23 m observation area. This WiPsy (Wireless sensors for Psychology research) system provides accurate, real-time quantitative metrics for psychological evaluation in lieu of traditional qualitative manual coding. Moreover, tracking subjects using ultrasound sensors is less error-prone than existing methods that track based on human coding of video. In particular, the Kalman filter, which forms the core of this tracking system, can locate targets with a mean square error of about 1.3 m2. Overall, WiPsy strives to streamline data acquisition, processing, and analysis by providing previously unavailable assessment parameters.
Protective covering for lead-sheath power gables

THE MAJORITY of failures of impregnated-paper or varnished-cambric lead-covered power cable are due to the entrance of moisture through a break of some kind in the lead sheath. The sheath failures may be due to corrosion, electrolysis, mechanical damage, fatigue attributable to either vibration or cable movement, or high internal pressure. Corrosive action or electrolysis in some degree are fairly common to all lead-covered cables installed in ducts while damage due to mechanical failure is generally confined to those cables which are subjected to large daily variations in load. This latter type of failure has become of increasing importance with the higher loads which have been imposed on power cables during recent years.
Switched Current Integrating Sampler for Time Interleaved ADCs

With the continued improvements in time-interleaved ADC (TIADC) performance, the power of voltage buffer in input track-and-hold amplifier (THA) driving the ADC input capacitor becomes a major component of the overall power consumption. To reduce the input buffer power consumption, switched current integrating sampler (CIS) is proposed. Switched CIS is analyzed and compared to the conventional THAs. To fairly compare the power consumption of both circuits under different operating conditions, power consumption equations are derived. Circuit level simulations are performed to validate these equations. The switched CIS is shown to consume approximately 50% of the conventional switched THA power for medium resolution (i.e., 8b) TIADCs.
Evaluation of low-level features and their combinations for complex event detection in open source videos

Low-level appearance as well as spatio-temporal features, appropriately quantized and aggregated into Bag-of-Words (BoW) descriptors, have been shown to be effective in many detection and recognition tasks. However, their effcacy for complex event recognition in unconstrained videos have not been systematically evaluated. In this paper, we use the NIST TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED11 [1]) open source dataset, containing annotated data for 15 high-level events, as the standardized test bed for evaluating the low-level features. This dataset contains a large number of user-generated video clips. We consider 7 different low-level features, both static and dynamic, using BoW descriptors within an SVM approach for event detection. We present performance results on the 15 MED11 events for each of the features as well as their combinations using a number of early and late fusion strategies and discuss their strengths and limitations.
Cognition and long-term use of ganja (Cannabis)

Neuropsychological variables and urine cannabinoid metabolites were evaluated in ten subjects born, raised, and educated in the United States and having histories of heavy or prolonged use of cannabis. No impairment of cognitive function was found. Cannabinoid metabolites in excess of 50 nanograms per milliliter were present in the ten urine samples. The tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis exceeded 8.0%.
Cuff bulk of tracheal tubes in adolescence

Purpose To investigate cuff types for potential use in late childhood and early adolescence for appropriate fit.
Flow cytometry crossmatching: The first 10 years

Summary In this review, we have briefly summarized the experience with the FCXM in the past 10 years. Amid confusing outcome data early on, a clearer picture is emerging by understanding the nature of the antibodies detected by the FCXM and defining their cellular targets. Numerous studies, especially the most recent, show significant survival differences between FCXM-positive and -negative first transplants, even though a few early studies did not. Moreover, in all studies the FCXM result has consistently shown itself to be important in the case of regrafts and sensitized recipients (Table 4). The variability of the survival data shows that the FCXM is by no means a perfect, or even well-understood, test at this time. To improve its usefulness, we need to define further the roles of the anti-donor antibodies that the FCXM detects: low-titer anti-donor antibodies and noncomplement-fixing antibodies. Furthermore, we need to define even more specifically the targets to which harmful antibodies bind. Perhaps equally important questions to ask are why certain anti-donor antibodies are not harmful to the donor graft and what factors determine their production. It is clear that the FCXM can detect transplants with potentially poor outcomes that the standard CXM misses, but at the cost of false positives. Our task in the next 10 years will be to improve on the sensitivity and specificity of the FCXM, and to integrate the FCXM into the changes in pretransplant and posttransplant immunologic monitoring. A shift in thinking should ensue about how best to use the results of crossmatches and other tests in the pretransplant workup. We should no longer look at these tests individually, but rather integrate their results as a whole into a cohesive cumulative transplant risk formula that will guide us in assessing the potential risk of any given donor-recipient pair. Finally, the role of FCXM in living-related transplants is currently undefined and deserves further careful evaluation.
Morphology of the head of Mydas clavatus drury (Diptera : Mydaidae)☆

Abstract The external and internal morphology of the head capsule and mouthparts of M. clavatus (Diptera : Mydaidae) are described by light and scanning electron microscopy. The face bears a prominent postclypeal region, and a conspicuous anteclypeus. Large air sacs occupy a major portion of the internal head volume. Internally, there is a well-developed tentorium. Paired labellar glands are found within the head capsule. Three major head pumps are present. The mouthparts consist of the labrum, reduced maxillae, and labium. Labellar lobes are well developed and bear rows of pseudotracheae. The fly feeds by extending the mouthparts by means of muscular contractions, and spreading the large furca to expose the pseudotracheae to the substrate. Previous authors assumed that Mydaidae was a predaceous family. The structure of the mouthparts of M. clavatus is indicative of nectar-feeding habits. M. clavatus has a fragile hypopharynx and both labrum and hypopharynx are incapable of being manoeuvred, ruling out the possible role of predation. In the field, flies were observed to feed only on nectar. M. clavatus lacks mandibles in both males and females and has a movable hinged fulcrum similar to the cyclorraphous Diptera. The labella show a different organization than that found in blood-sucking and nectar-feeding Tabanoidea as well as Cyclorrapha. M. clavatus on the other hand has a more primitive arrangement of the labial muscles and sclerites. M. clavatus is unique in having long internal pseudotracheal tubes, an esophageal dilator originating on an air sac, and cibarial protractors that originate on the subgenae.
A model useful in deriving standards for environmental pollutants

Abstract In order to facilitate the informed participation of citizens in the governmental review process, a model is developed to assist students in attempting to establish the biological basis for environmental health standards. When establishing a standard, the high-risk (or hypersusceptible) segments of the human population should be identified. By setting a standard which protects these portions of the population, the less susceptible portion of the population will also be protected. Factors to be considered when identifying high-risk groups include: hereditary traits, age, nutrition, eating habits, pregnancy, health status, stress, and physical activity. Whenever possible, studies should be selected as a basis for the standard which have utilized experimental animals which most closely simulate the human population at high risk to the pollutant. Epidemiological studies, when available, should also be utilized as well as controlled studies using human subjects. Extrapolation of data from these types ...
Individual and combined effects of ethanol and cocaine on the human dopamine transporter in neuronal cell lines.

Concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol results in reinforced behavioral consequences, but the molecular mechanisms associated with the co-use of both drugs are not clear. We report here that a 24-h exposure of the human dopamine transporter (hDAT)-transfected mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cell line (6C6) to cocaine (1 μM), or ethanol (1%) or both, increased dopamine re-uptake by approximately 25, 29 and 44%, respectively. The same treatment also increased dopamine re-uptake by the hDAT-transfected mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2A cell line (3B7) by approximately 36, 41 and 77%, respectively. However, no increase of dopamine re-uptake was observed in the hDAT-transfected non-neuronal CHO cell line (10E9). These data support the hypothesis that the DAT may be a common neural substrate for cocaine and ethanol in dopaminergic neurons and it may be involved in the psychological effects of both addictions.
Impact of genetic and environmental variation on development of flavonoids and carotenoids in pepper (Capsicum spp.)

Abstract Peppers ( Capsicum spp.) were grown for phytochemical analyses at three different locations including a greenhouse at College Station and field plots at Uvalde and Weslaco, Texas. Cultivar effects were significant at each location for all compounds. The best sources of β-carotene were mature greenhouse-grown fruit of Fidel (23.7 μg/g) and C 127 (22.3 μg/g). Mature greenhouse fruit of Tropic Bell (10.1 μg/g) and PI 357509 (9.2 μg/g) had high lutein, but Uvalde field-grown mature fruit of these lines were low in this compound, (1.4 and 0.5 μg/g, respectively). MJ 201 fruit had the highest zeaxanthin levels (10 μg/g) at both College Station and Uvalde. The best sources of quercetin over all locations were the yellow wax types, Banana Supreme (186 μg/g), PI 357509 (86 μg/g) and Rio Grande Gold (26 μg/g). Fidel (37 μg/g) and Banana Supreme (21.5 μg/g) were the best sources of luteolin. Immature fruit generally contained lower levels of lutein and xeaxanthin than mature, colored fruit. These differences were not always statistically significant. Greenhouse-grown peppers at College Station contained more carotenoids than the field-grown peppers in Uvalde and Weslaco, but there were no significant differences among locations for flavonoid concentrations. Several good candidate parents were identified for the breeding program to develop novel pepper varieties with increased health benefits. Families of these varieties are currently being examined to assess the impact of specific environmental factors and identify genes involved in regulating synthesis of these beneficial phytochemicals.
Unstable-particle scattering and an analytic quasi-unitary isobar model

An explicit model is constructed for the scattering of unstable particles such as $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$, and $\ensuremath{\rho}K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}K$. It has correct analyticity properties and satisfies quasi-two-body unitarity. The essential ingredient of the approach is a Chew-Mandelstam function for unstable particles in which the particle-resonance branch cuts are located in second Riemann sheets of the three-particle complex energy plane. The model shall be applied in future studies of final states such as $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$, and $\ensuremath{\rho}K$.
Rods in spinal surgery: a review of the literature

Background context Spinal instrumentation has been used for more than five decades. Since the introduction of the Harrington rod in 1962, new rod materials and concepts have been developed. Rigid rod fixation has achieved higher fusion rates than previous methods. Recently, semirigid rod fixation devices have been used for both dynamic stabilization and fusion fixation. Memory rods, which have an interesting ability to return to their pre-bent shape when the temperature increases, are expected to be used for scoliosis correction. Purpose To review the previous literature regarding biofunctionality and biocompatibility of rods in spinal surgery. Conclusion The properties of each type of rod need to be taken into consideration when performing spinal instrumentation surgery.
Mathematical model of platelet turnover in thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic preterm neonates

Neonatal thrombocytopenia affects 22–35% of all neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model for characterizing platelet (PLT) kinetics in thrombocytopenic preterm neonates. Immature PLT fraction (IPF) and PLT counts were measured for up to 35 days after birth in 27 very low birth weight preterm neonates. PLT transfusions were administered to 8 of the 27 (24%) subjects. The final model included a series of four transit compartments to mimic the production and survival of IPF and PLT. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed effects modeling with the maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm. The model adequately captured the diverse phenotypes expressed by individual subject profiles. Typical population survival values for IPF and PLT life spans in nonthrombocytopenic patients were estimated at 0.912 and 10.7 days, respectively. These values were significantly shorter in thrombocytopenic subjects, 0.429 and 2.56 days, respectively. The model was also used to evaluate the influence of growth and laboratory phlebotomy loss on the time course of IPF and PLT counts. Whereas incorporating body weight was essential to correct for expanding blood volume due to growth, phlebotomy loss, a possible covariate, did not significantly influence PLT kinetics. This study provides a platform for identifying potential covariates that influence the interindividual variability in model parameters regulating IPF and PLT kinetics and for evaluating future pharmacological therapies for treating thrombocytopenic neonates.
Regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy.

Regression of pulmonary metastases following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma has occurred in two patients. In one patient, a hepatopathy also disappeared, and the patient remained free from disease for 16 years. In the other patient, following nephrectomy there was disappearance of hypercalcemia, presumably due to removal of a source of production of a parahormone-like polypeptide. It appears that older males with only pulmonary metastases make up the majority of patients in whom regression of metastases after nephrectomy has been observed. Hormonal and immunologic factors are implicated in this phenomenon. There is a sound rationale for nephrectomy in the presence of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Measuring Attitudes and Health Beliefs Among Mexican Americans With Diabetes

Adherence to the treatment regimen for patients with diabetes is of major concern to healthcare practitioners, particularly when dealing with the high-risk, low-income, Mexican-American population. Assessing the attitudes and beliefs of this group is vital for planning effective and realistic intervention strategies. Therefore, we designed a culturally sensitive instrument to measure health beliefs and attitudes of low-income Mexican Americans with diabetes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a basis for this study because it is well accepted as a predictor of health-related behaviors. However, we found that the HBM was not an effective tool for assessing the health beliefs or attitudes of this patient population even after rigorous efforts to operationalize the HBM and after conducting extensive statistical analyses. Only two of the five subscales of the traditional HBM, barriers and benefits, were reliable. Scales to measure acculturation and fatalism were added to increase the cultural sensitivity of the tool. These added components were found to be an important variable in interpreting the results for low-income Mexican-American patients.
Synoptic climatology of atlantic coast North-Easters

A classification of extratropical storms in the north-western Atlantic Ocean is developed based upon the storm's origin, track, and intensification. All storms producing at least 1.6-m deep-water waves at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina from 1943 to 1984 are included. Eight distinct storm types are identified, and their seasonality, interannual variation, and relationship to a previously devised storm-intensity scale are discussed. The most dangerous storms are cyclones which originate either over Florida or north of Cuba from October through to April, travel northward, and are blocked by a stagnating anticyclone over New England or the North Atlantic. Coastal storm frequencies declined from the mid-1960s through to the mid-1970s and increased through to 1984, but the frequency of potentially damaging storms has increased since 1965.
Ribosomal protein S1 is the product of a series of contiguous duplications

Computer analysis of the sequence of the 557-residuelong ribosomal protein SI from E s u h e r i e h i a r has revealed that the protein is made up of six homologous segments, each of which is approximately gg residues in length. Moreover, the distribution of certain infrequent res idues , including tryptophan and histidine, indicates that an earlier set of duplications took place starting with a ##-residue segment.
Analysis of adobe wall composition at the Chaves‐Hummingbird Site, New Mexico, by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry

This article investigates adobe wall construction materials utilized by prehistoric inhabitants of Chaves-Hummingbird Pueblo, an ancestral Pueblo village located ˜20 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The walls were constructed with native clay-rich soils some time between approximately 1275–1450 A.D. Samples were analyzed with a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer from the near ultraviolet (NUV) through the visible (VIS) and into the near infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Cluster analysis of samples from 275 adobe walls and 36 soil locations surrounding the pueblo room blocks indicates four clusters. Comparison of typical samples from the four clusters indicates that they are very similar and are distinguished by minor variations in the three primary spectrally determined components, Na-Ca montmorillonite, bentonite, and goethite. In general, clusters correspond with room construction episodes that are discernible through patterns of wall bonding and abutment recorded during the archaeological investigation of the site. This suggests that during different phases of construction the source of the wall adobe changed. Many of the soil samples are included in wall clusters and therefore reveal a potential source of material used for adobe, adjacent soils. However, not all the soil surrounding the pueblo grouped with wall clusters indicating a preference for certain soil types and that some soils were probably unsuitable for making adobe. Therefore, diversity in spectrally identified construction materials provides insights into source locations and possible construction preferences of the site inhabitants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.