cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of interoperating components

Components are modular units (e.g., objects, modules, or programs) that interact by exchanging data. Two or more components interoperate when they exchange information [16]. It is conservatively estimated that the cost of programming errors in component interoperability just in the capital facilities industry in the U.S. alone is $15.8 billion per year. A primary driver for this high cost is fixing flaws in incorrect data exchanges between interoperating components [17]. Interoperating components are difficult to design, build, and evolve. We propose an approach for the design and analysis of interoperating components. The core of our approach is an abstraction in which foreign objects (i.e., objects that are not defined in a host programming language) are abstracted as graphs and abstract operations access and manipulate them. These operations navigate to data elements, read and write data, add and delete data elements, and load and save data. We offer different uses for the proposed abstraction. We build a framework called Reification Object-Oriented Framework (ROOF) which uses our abstraction to reduce the multiplicity of platform API calls to a small set of operations on foreign objects that are common to all platforms [48]. With ROOF, we hide the tremendously ugly, hard-to-learn, hard-to-maintain, and hard-to-evolve code that programmers must write or generate today, i.e., we simplified code of interoperating components, making it scalable and easier to write, maintain, and evolve. Our abstraction makes the task of static checking of interoperating components tractable by reducing the multiplicity of platform APIs to a small set of operations on foreign objects that are common to all platforms. By introducing a simple extension to grammars of object-oriented languages, we enable the collection of information about foreign objects at compile time. Static type checking uses this information to find possible errors that could otherwise be detected only at the runtime. We designed Foreign Object REification Language (FOREL), an extension for object-oriented languages that provides a general abstraction for foreign component access and manipulation based on ROOF. FOREL type checking coupled with a conservative static analysis mechanism reports potential errors when referencing foreign components. While ROOF and FOREL offer new approaches for developing interoperating components, many components are still written using low-level platform API calls. We use our abstraction to design and build a tool called a Verifier for Interoperating c Omponents for finding Logic f Aults (Viola) that finds errors in components exchanging XML data. Viola creates models of the source code of components by extracting abstract operations and computing approximate specifications of the data (i.e., schemas) that these components exchange. With these extracted models, Viola's static analysis mechanism reports potential errors for a system of interoperating components.
CREATING PARTNERSHIPS FOR CHANGE Alliances and Betrayals in the Racial Politics of Two Feminist Organizations

The author examines the social construction of racial-ethnic identity and expectations for alliances based on identity in two feminist organizations. She considers the conditions in which assumed alliances work and fail, finding that race played a different role in the search for friendship and political connection among white women and among women of color. Women of color saw racial alliances as crucial in settings dominated by whites and often felt betrayed when alliances failed. White women did not speak of their connections with one another as racial alliances, nor did they express betrayal when they failed. When assumed alliances failed, women were often surprised by unanticipated cross-racial connections. Such connections provided insight to the politically constructed nature of all alliances, even those based on identities. These insights, created in and through the differences between these activists, represent the opportunity for chosen alliances, what June Jordan calls “partnerships for change.”
An Examination of Measures Related to Children’s Exposure to Violence for Use by Both Practitioners and Researchers:

Millions of children each year are exposed to violence in their homes, schools, and communities as both witnesses and victims. As a result, evidence-based programs for children and adolescents who have been exposed to traumatic events (CEV-EBPs) have been widely disseminated but rarely evaluated in their real-world applications. One crucial aspect of conducting such evaluations is finding appropriate measures that can be of use both to the practitioner and to the researcher. This review aims to provide guidance to the field by first identifying any gaps in the availability of psychometrically tested measures for certain outcome domains and age ranges and then recommending the measures that are most appropriate for use by both researchers and practitioners. Interviews with content experts in the measurement of trauma symptoms and parent–child relationships were conducted to identify the key outcome domains for measurement that are critical to the evaluation of CEV-EBPs and the criteria for dual-use measure...
Treatment of lower extremity vascular disease: the Diamondback 360°™ Orbital Atherectomy System

Atherosclerotic disease affecting the arteries of the lower extremities becomes symptomatic with the onset of pain either at rest or with ambulation. The disease, commonly referred to as peripheral arterial disease (PAD), affects nearly 30 million individuals in Europe and North America alone. The predominant factor responsible for the impaired functional capacity and quality of life in the presence of lower-extremity PAD is inadequate blood flow due to atherosclerotic plaque build-up within the arteries. Without successful lifestyle risk modifications or judicious pharmacotherapy, individuals with lower-extremity PAD may develop disabling complications that require endovascular treatment, bypass surgery or amputation of the affected extremity. The Diamondback 360 degrees Orbital Atherectomy System is a promising new methodology for treating symptomatic PAD within the major and branch arteries of the leg. The device differs from other atherectomy technologies by its unique orbiting action to remove plaque and the ability to increase lumen diameter by increasing the orbital speed. Applying the principles of centrifugal force, an eccentrically mounted diamond-coated crown rotates at high speed to sand away plaque as the crown is slowly advanced through the narrowed or occluded section of artery. As crown rotation increases, centrifugal force presses the crown against the stenotic lesion to effect plaque removal, while the less diseased, more elastic arterial wall flexes away from the crown, minimizing the risk of vessel trauma. The increasing crown orbit creates a larger lumen and minimizes procedure time and the need for catheter upsizing. This device profile presents an overview of the prevalence and symptoms of PAD, describes the Diamondback 360 Orbital Atherectomy System components and mechanism of action, and closes with a case study review and perspective regarding how lower-extremity PAD will be treated in the next 5 years.
Effective diffusion and effective drag coefficient of a brownian particle in a periodic potential

Abstract We study the stochastic motion of a Brownian particle driven by a constant force over a static periodic potential. We show that both the effective diffusion and the effective drag coefficient are mathematically well-defined and we derive analytic expressions for these two quantities. We then investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the effective diffusion and the effective drag coefficient, respectively, for small driving force and for large driving force. In the case of small driving force, the effective diffusion is reduced from its Brownian value by a factor that increases exponentially with the amplitude of the potential. The effective drag coefficient is increased by approximately the same factor. As a result, the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient and the drag coefficient is approximately valid when the driving force is small. For moderately large driving force, both the effective diffusion and the effective drag coefficient are increased from their Brownian values, and the Einstein relation breaks down. In the limit of very large driving force, both the effective diffusion and the effective drag coefficient converge to their Brownian values and the Einstein relation is once again valid.
The Immutability of Categories and the Reshaping of Southern Politics

How did the no-party, extremely-low-turnout, fragmented political system that V.O. Key, Jr. described in his 1949 book Southern Politics get transformed into the Republican-dominant, average-turnout, highly-organized political structure that propelled Georgia Republican Newt Gingrich into the House Speakership in 1995? After a long series of analytical narratives that focused on racial explanations for the shifts in white voting behavior, several of the most recent works have emphasized class and economic development. I suggest that both explanations are misleading because they treat race, class, and party as stable phenomena, when it is the changes in these phenomena and in their interactions that ought to be the focus of explanations for the reshaping of southern politics. A comprehensive successor to Key's masterwork will have to blend religion and ideology (which have also undergone dramatic changes in the six decades of southern history since Key wrote) with race and class, and it will have to descri...
The gender-brand effect of key phrases on user clicks in sponsored search

In this research, we analyze the relationship among (1) the numbers of clicks generated by the key-phrases users provide as queries in sponsored search, (2) the interaction between the gender orientation of those key-phrases, and (3) the occurrence of branded terms in those queries. The aim of this research is increased personalization of search engine results for branded queries targeting a specific gender. This will improve the consumer's online searching experience and potential interest in ads with branding focus. Increased personalization of search engine results and enhancement of users' interest in branded ads will also increase the revenue and profit of the advertisers. Our data consists of 7 million daily records from a keyword advertising campaign from a major US retailer. We segregate the key-phrases into six different categories. The gender orientation of terms has male, female and neutral categories each with two groups: - branded and unbranded phrases. Using one way Analysis of Variance, we analyze the effect of gender orientation of both branded and unbranded key-phrases on number of users' clicks on the queries submitted to web search engine. The result shows that the means of users' clicks significantly vary among the categories. Moreover the result shows that the group formed by combination of female gender with branded terms generates maximum number of clicks among all six categories. Females may be more attracted to the use of branded terms due to the positive attitude and customer loyalty generated by brand image.
Extractions of polarized and unpolarized parton distribution functions

An overview of our ongoing extractions of parton distribution functions of the nucleon is given. First JAM results on the determination of spin-dependent parton distribution functions from world data on polarized deep-inelastic scattering are presented first, and followed by a short report on the status of the JR unpolarized parton distributions. Different aspects of PDF analysis are briefly discussed, including effects of the nuclear structure of targets, target-mass corrections and higher twist contributions to the structure functions.
TRF2-Tethered TIN2 Can Mediate Telomere Protection by TPP1/POT1

The shelterin protein TIN2 is required for the telomeric accumulation of TPP1/POT1 heterodimers and for the protection of telomeres by the POT1 proteins (POT1a and POT1b in the mouse). TIN2 also binds to TRF1 and TRF2, improving the telomeric localization of TRF2 and its function. Here, we ask whether TIN2 needs to interact with both TRF1 and TRF2 to mediate the telomere protection afforded by TRF2 and POT1a/b. Using a TIN2 allele deficient in TRF1 binding (TIN2-L247E), we demonstrate that TRF1 is required for optimal recruitment of TIN2 to telomeres and document phenotypes associated with the TIN2-L247E allele that are explained by insufficient TIN2 loading onto telomeres. To bypass the requirement for TRF1-dependent recruitment, we fused TIN2-L247E to the TRF2-interacting (RCT) domain of Rap1. The RCT-TIN2-L247E fusion showed improved telomeric localization and was fully functional in terms of chromosome end protection by TRF2, TPP1/POT1a, and TPP1/POT1b. These data indicate that when sufficient TIN2 is loaded onto telomeres, its interaction with TRF1 is not required to mediate the function of TRF2 and the TPP1/POT1 heterodimers. We therefore conclude that shelterin can protect chromosome ends as a TRF2-tethered TIN2/TPP1/POT1 complex that lacks a physical connection to TRF1.
Mental tools for thinking about DNA technologies in new ways.

Abstract Objective.—To investigate the nature of creative thinking in biomedical science with specific applications to molecular pathologies and DNA technologies. Data Sources.—Accounts of breakthr...
Separation of adsorption and surface reaction rates: Dynamic studies in a catalytic slurry reactor

Dynamic experiments provide an opportunity to determine, separately, values of the adsorption and surface reaction rates occurring in a heterogeneous, catalytic reaction. In this method it is not necessary to assume that either adsorption, surface reaction, or desorption controls the rate, in contrast to the procedure used for analyzing steady state rate data. The dynamic method is applied to experimental data for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in a three-phase aqueous-slurry reactor using activated carbon as the catalyst. The results for 274.5 K show that both rates of reversible adsorption of oxygen and the subsequent, irreversible surface reaction affect the overall rate. Neither process can be considered to be controlling. The data required for the analysis are the zero and first moments of the response in the effluent gas to a disturbance in the feed, the adsorption equilibrium constant for oxygen, and appropriate mass transfer coefficients.
Noncontact single-fiber-optic proximity sensor using a laser-fabricated tap

We have developed a simple, noncontact, fiber-optic proximity sensor, using a laser micromachined tap on a single multimode optical fiber. The fiber end is placed near a target surface, and a beam of light is incident from the fiber onto the target. Some fraction of this light is reflected or scattered by the target and coupled back into the fiber. The amount recoupled into the fiber is dependent on the distance between the fiber end and the target surface as well as on other parameters such as the target's surface roughness. The fiber-optic tap allows us to monitor both the initial amount of light launched down the fiber toward the target and the amount of backreflected light from the target. For a known environment and target surface, variations in source intensity can be compensated for by monitoring the ratio of the two counterpropagating beams.
Evaluating the Protective Role of Racial Identity in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Objective This study examined whether racial identity moderates the relation between pain and quality of life (QOL) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods 100 children 8–18 years of age with SCD participated during a regularly scheduled medical visit. Children completed questionnaires assessing pain, QOL, and regard racial identity, which evaluates racial judgments. Results Analyses revealed that regard racial identity trended toward significance in moderating the pain and physical QOL relation, (β = −0.159, t(93) = −1.821, p = 0.07), where children with low pain and high regard reported greater physical QOL than children with low pain and low regard. Regard racial identity did not moderate the relation between pain and other QOL dimensions. Pain significantly predicted all dimensions of QOL and regard racial identity significantly predicted social QOL. Conclusions Racial identity may be important to consider in future research examining QOL in children with SCD.
Contingency models for developing multinational strategic alliances: the airline industry

• This article describes a basic contingency model for thinking about and forming multinational strategic alliances in a rapidly changing multinational competitive environment, based on the experiences of two major airlines involved in planning a strategic alliance: British Airways PLC and American Airlines, a unit of AMR. These experiences are described in an earlier article in this journal. • The article is based on research in contingency theory, as well as on research work in the cognitive, systems and strategic management areas. It is one phase of a continuing project of the Strategic Management Research Group. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable Isotope Values of Bone Organic Matter: Artificial Diagenesis Experiments and Paleoecology of Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming

The presence of original organic matter and retention of an indigenous isotopic signal in fossils have been disputed for years. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of diagenesis on bone-protein isotope values, analyses were conducted on Holocene and Pleistocene fossils from Natural Trap Cave (NTC), Wyoming. Modern cow, Bos taurus, bone was heated with and without excess water for up to 195 hours at 100°C in an inert atmosphere. Collagen and non-collagenous proteins (NCP) were extracted and analyzed isotopically. Under dry conditions, carbon and nitrogen isotope values change by less than 0.4‰ during the 0 to 195 hour interval. In the presence of excess water, carbon and nitrogen isotope values change by no more than 1.0‰ and 0.5‰, respectively, over 192 hours. The relative abundance of amino acids of collagen from heated bone differs by less than 10% from that of unheated collagen. Protein preservation is indicated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) that strongly indicates a portion of the original osteocalcin exists intact in samples heated for 195 hours. Good preservation of collagen in NTC fossils is implied by high collagen yields, C:N, and realistic trophic structures based on isotope values. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values of ancient collagen increase with trophic level, allow dietary assessments to be made, and differentiate between ruminant and non-ruminants. The results indicate that isotope values are resilient during simulated diagenesis and suggest that an indigenous isotopic signal can exist in well-preserved fossils such as those from NTC.
Combining statistical intervals and market prices: The worst case state price distribution

Abstract The paper shows how to combine (historical) statistical data and (current) market prices to form conservative trading strategies for options. This gives rise to a “worst case” state price distribution, which provides sharp price bounds for all convex European options. The paper provides for existence and computational algorithms under conditions which can be understood as “no arbitrage”. The worst case distribution converges to a regular state price distribution if the number of traded options increases to span the space of possible option payouts.
Supersymmetry studies at future linear e+e- colliders.

We examine various aspects of supersymmetric particle production at linear ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliders operating at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV, and integrated luminosity of $\ensuremath{\int}\mathcal{L}\mathrm{dt}=20\ensuremath{-}50$ ${\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Working within the framework of the minimal supergravity model with gauge-coupling unification and radiative electroweak symmetry breaking (SUGRA), we study various signatures for detection of sparticles, taking into account their cascade decays, and map out the regions of parameter space where these are observable. We also examine strategies to isolate different SUSY processes from each other. In addition, we perform four detailed SUGRA case studies and examine the detectability of sparticles when several SUSY processes are occuring simultaneously. We show that precision mass measurements of neutralinos, sneutrinos, and top squarks are possible, in addition to previously studied precision mass measurements of sleptons and charginos.
Japanese Contributions to the Interrelating Safety Factor and Reliability

As it was shown in Chapter 6 the probability of failure is a very sensitive to the exact shapes of the probability density function of the stress and strength, respectively. This gave rise to a non-probabilistic safety factor, proposed in the Chapter 6. Another, alternative approach is the use of the estimates of the safety factors that do not depend on particular shape of the probability densities of the stress and strength. Such approaches have been advanced by various investigators, notably by Mischke (1970), Dao-Thien and Massoud (1974) and Ichikawa (1983). We will be mostly following Ichikawa’s (1983) and Reiser’s (1985) works in exposition of this subject.
Student Team Learning - Replication and Extension

The use of student groups, a form of cooperative learning, has been promoted as a means to interpersonal skills development, improved content knowledge, and development of higher-level thinking ability. This paper presents the results of seven separate studies involving five courses. The studies compare exam performance under varying conditions involving Student Team Learning (STL) and group grade incentives. Results across the seven studies generally showed little or no effect of STL or group grade incentives on exam scores after controlling for group differences in GPA and initial exam score. Results from two nonperformance measures (end-of-semester student survey and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) showed inconsistent effects of STL and group grade incentives on student study and learning behaviors. We also present some suggestions for future research in the area of cooperative learning in accounting.
Generation of a supervised classification algorithm for time-series variable stars with an application to the LINEAR dataset

Abstract With the advent of digital astronomy, new benefits and new problems have been presented to the modern day astronomer. While data can be captured in a more efficient and accurate manner using digital means, the efficiency of data retrieval has led to an overload of scientific data for processing and storage. This paper will focus on the construction and application of a supervised pattern classification algorithm for the identification of variable stars. Given the reduction of a survey of stars into a standard feature space, the problem of using prior patterns to identify new observed patterns can be reduced to time-tested classification methodologies and algorithms. Such supervised methods, so called because the user trains the algorithms prior to application using patterns with known classes or labels, provide a means to probabilistically determine the estimated class type of new observations. This paper will demonstrate the construction and application of a supervised classification algorithm on variable star data. The classifier is applied to a set of 192,744 LINEAR data points. Of the original samples, 34,451 unique stars were classified with high confidence (high level of probability of being the true class).
A test for risk-averse expected utility

We provide a universal condition for rationalizability by risk-averse expected utility preference in a demand-based framework with multiple commodities. Our test can be viewed as a natural counterpart of a classical test of expected utility, due to Fishburn (1975), in a demand setting.
Colonel Edward M. House and the Journalists

Abstract Colonel House was one of the most influential men in the United States during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. As the president's political confidant, House served him as a trusted counselor and as his personal representative abroad. The colonel, as House was known, drew information and opinion from an array of diplomatic and political figures to use in advising the president. Although historians have made House's association with these men part of their studies of Wilsonian statecraft, they have allowed his similar association with many journalists to remain basically unstudied. However, House made the knowledge he garnered from the journalists a significant source of his advice to Wilson. He was also a conduit of news and opinion from the White House for the journalists. By exploring how House interacted with journalists, this essay documents the important role they played in his work, and it provides insight into the era's political journalism, particularly during World War I. It also suggest...
Should unthinned oak stands of advanced age (≥ 60 yr) be thinned?

ABSTRACTOaks (Quercus sp.) account for nearly one-third of the sawtimber harvest in Wisconsin. As trees age, their ability to respond to thinning is reduced; therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether thinning previously unthinned oak stands of advanced age (≥ 60 yr) would achieve biological, financial, and operational objectives. During 2014, we conducted an inventory of 25 oak stands in northern Wisconsin. Fifteen received their first thinning 8–14 yr ago at ages 60–78 yr and 10 had never been thinned. Stand-level volume growth, logging costs, and net present values were estimated for each site. The age and site index of the thinned and unthinned sites were not significantly different (p > .10). Thinned and unthinned sites grew comparable net volumes per ha (5.09 and 5.90 m3, respectively); however, because this growth was concentrated on fewer trees, the trees on the thinned sites responded vigorously to thinning. As age at first thinning increased, growth response was reduced (p =...
Imaging Flashing Injection of Acetone at Jet Engine Augmentor Conditions

Planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of acetone were performed in the near field of a flashing jet spray from a fuel bar injector in jet engine augmentor-like conditions. The fuel bar under investigation was 0.25” diameter with two diametrically-opposed 0.022” diameter sharp-edged orifices. The spray from the fuel bar was introduced into a cross-flow of heated air in a 2” by 6” test section. Acetone was heated to within 65 percent of its saturation temperature at stagnation pressure to simulate a superheated hydrocarbon fuel. Test parameters included acetone-to-air momentum ratio, freestream Mach number, air temperature, and the degree of acetone superheating with respect to freestream pressure. Contour plots of fluorescence intensity were generated to visualize the spray field. For given injection and freestream stagnation pressures, jet penetration is decreased with increases in the degree of superheat. Preliminary quantitative measurements of acetone vapor-to-air mass ratio were obtained at different axial and transverse test section locations for a variety of conditions. The relative importance of degree of superheat, momentum ratio, and air temperature on the vaporization and atomization of liquid acetone are discussed.
Satellite Reaction Control Subsystems with augmented catalytic thrusters

The Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) on RCA's communications satellites now incorporates augmented catalytic thrusters (ACT) which reduce mission propellant requirements. The ACT concept (as conceived by Rocket Research Company) is to electrically heat the exhaust products from a catalytic engine (utilizing hydrazine) to improve RCS performance (see Figure 1). the ACT affected most areas of spacecreft design. Because each ACT consumes from 400 to 500 watts of power during operation, they had to be thermally isolated from spacecraft components and excess heat must be dissipated. Circuitry was designed to protect the ACT'S augmentation heater from drawing excessive current at start-up. The nonpulsing ACT requires on-pulsing of extra thrusters for attitude control. The power requirements o f the ACT affect planning nf stationkeeping maneuvers to avoid erceeding battery capacity. The ACT-enhanced RCS is now an operational subsystem. The ACT, by reducing hydrazine consumption, has extended mission life from eight to ten years. (See Figure 2 . ! The addition of utilize this extra power by incorporating the highperformance augmented catalytic thruster (ACT). The ACT electrically heats the hydrazine exhaust products from a catalytic engine to improve the performance of the RCS, thereby saving satellite mass and extending on-orbit life (see Figure 2 ) . The ACT was developed by Rocket Research Company for RCA Astro-Electronics. (l) The ACT was readily incorporated into the RCS, and the spacecraft proved extremely adaptable to this addition. However, because of the high power requirements of the ACT, interface questions had to be resolved. These questions included thermal isolation from spacecraft electronics and solar array mechanisms, battery system protection from current spiking, and maneuver constraints O n firing times to prevent Lwceeding the allowed depth of discharge of the battery. The solutions to these questions-as well as the current spacrcraft bus, the RCS design, end the incorporation of the ACT into the RCS--are described in this paper. Introduction Spacecraft Description Battery systems employed by most geosynchronous A Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) with augsatellites must be large enough to supply ample mented catalytic thrusters is being used an the power to the communications payload during eclipse GTE GSTAR, GTE Spacenet, and ASC (American Satelperiods. During "on-eclipse periods this battery lite Co.) spacecraft. Each satellite provides power capability is relatively unused. The current wide-band rf channels employing a cross-polarized RCA Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) is designed to L/ antenna system to provide up to 24 transponders G A S T R A N S F E R AUGMENTAl ION TUBE HEATER
Deposition Characteristics of Aerially Applied Bacillus thuringiensis to a Hardwood Forest with Hydraulic Nozzles

Deposit measurements (international units [IU] per em2) were made on foliage after aerial application of Bactllus thurlngiensts Berliner to hardwood forests. The quantities of spray arriving above each tree (collected by artificial collectors above the canopy) and between the canopies of individual trees in the same spray block were highly variable. Spray deposition in average upper and lower canopy strata and cardinal positions within each strata also were variable, but overall deposit was not significantly different. Deposits, averaged over plot, were 1.35 (±0.07) and 1.26 (±0.11) log IV per cm2 for the upper and lower canopy, respectively. The rank order of deposits changed among strata and positions within strata such that no consistent pattern of deposition could be found between trees. However, because the upper canopy contained a greater foliage area, more B. thuringiensts was caught in the upper canopy (3.70 × 107 IU per tree) compared with the lower canopy (2.03 × 107 IU per tree). Overall recovery of the spray applied was 55.2% on the foliage and 6.0% at the ground level. Spray that was not accounted for was probably either deposited on the trunk and branches or drifted from the spray plot. Distribution of deposit between individual leaves closely conformed to a log-normal distribution.
EG-12NOVEL CHROMATIN REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF ESCO2 IN CANCER AND NEURAL DEVELOPMENT

ESCO2 has a well characterized role in the stabilization of the cohesin ring through its acetyltransferase activity. Quantitative PCR studies comparing RNA from tissue collected from ependymoma biopsies and tissue from non-tumor brain, show an increased level of ESCO2 transcription in ependymoma. High levels of ESCO2 protein expression in ependymoma tissue samples were confirmed via immunostaining and confocal microscopy. ESCO2 expression ordinarily peaks during mitosis in order to stabilize the cohesin ring, and is reported to increase the rate of replication. However, some ESCO2 expressing cells are not mitotic in these tumors. Because of the detrimental effects of deletion of ESCO2 on neural development and its high expression in ependymoma, a type of tumor that exhibits many characteristics of primitive neural cells, the current study sought to investigate the broader role of ESCO2 in primitive neural cells. Studies carried out in Zebrafish were performed to explore the possibility of an additional role for ESCO2 as a regulator of neural development. QPCR on Zebrafish embryos at developmental timepoints indicated that ESCO2 expression was highest 48 hours post-fertilization, and then declined thereafter. Confocal microscopy on transgenic NeuroD-EGFP embryos at 24-96 hpf confirmed that the proportion of ESCO2 positive brain cells decreases by 96 hpf, that non-mitotic ESCO2 expressing cells decline, and that 48 hpf appear to display a unique pattern of ESCO2 staining associated with the 4th ventricle. Using FACS and subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, Esco2- bound chromatin was isolated from NT2 neural progenitor cells and NeuroD-EGFP+ transgenic zebrafish, and utilized to identify novel sites of Esco2 regulation. The data obtained suggests an additional layer of neural regulatory activity that may be unrelated to the reported SMC3 acetyltransferase activity of ESCO2, and that could play a role in neural pathologies such as cancer. Esco2 may be a novel therapeutic target for ependymoma.
Insight among people with severe mental illness, co-occurring PTSD and elevated psychotic symptoms: Correlates and relationship to treatment participation.

Abstract Background There is a dearth of research on what factors are predictive of insight among people with severe mental illness and co-occurring PTSD. Method Data were drawn from 146 participants with severe mental illness, co-occurring PTSD and elevated psychotic symptoms participating in a randomized controlled trial comparing two interventions for PTSD among people with severe mental illness. We examined the clinical and demographic correlates of insight at baseline, the relationship between baseline insight and treatment participation, the relationship between treatment participation and post-treatment insight, and the relationship between change in insight and change in other clinical variables. Results Impaired insight was relatively common, with roughly half the sample demonstrating mild or moderate impairment at baseline. Baseline insight was associated with fewer psychotic and disorganized symptoms, and greater emotional discomfort and PTSD knowledge, but was not associated with negative symptoms, PTSD symptoms, depression/anxiety, or treatment participation. Participation in PTSD treatment was associated with increased insight at post-treatment. Improved insight was associated with improvements in disorganization and negative symptoms, but not with knowledge of PTSD or positive symptoms. Discussion The findings suggest that engagement in treatment that includes educating people about PTSD may lead to improvements in insight and related improvements in other psychiatric symptoms.
Even-order Harmonic Suppression for Voltage Source Converters Based on Improved Space Vector PWM Method

The production principle of even-order harmonics in normal space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) algorithm and the principles to improve even-order harmonic suppression are analyzed.On the basis of different vector sequences used in different space sectors,several improving methods for even-order harmonic suppression are proposed.Simulation models are established,and harmonic contents of different SVPWM waves are compared by Fourier analysis.Experimental results are based on a 250 kW photovoltaic inverter plant and recorded by an oscilloscope with fast Fourier transform analysis function.Simulation results and experiment results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.The advantages of proposed methods are shown by comparison with conventional improved methods on complexity,losses and effectiveness.
Five Species of Erythropeltidaceae(Rhodophyta) Newly-Recorded in China

This paper demonstrates five species of the Erythrotrichia newly-recorded in China,i.e.Erythrotrichia biseriata,E.incrassata,E.japonica,E.pulvinata and E.welwitschii.
Progress in technology of removal of sulfur in fume from thermal power plant

The classification of technologies of removal of sulfur in fume for thermal power plant and the status quo of the various desulfuration technologies at home and abroad were introduced.Also,the wet desulturization process for lime stone(lime),ammonia process and wet desulturization process for fume as well as their process flow,technical characteristics and development orientation among others were described.
Survey on capabilities and demands for prevention and control of human infection with H7N9 virus among resi- dents in Tongzhou District,Beijing

Objective To understand knowledge,attitudes,and demands for human infection with H7N9 virus among residents in Tongzhou District,and provide reference for the prevention and control work. Methods According to program designed by Beijing CDC,1164 people were chose from elderly people,middle school students,and elementary and middle school students' parents by convenience sampling method. Results The awareness rates of respiratory transmission and contact transmission were 64. 22% and 65. 20%. The best awareness rate of main symptoms in early stage were 87. 67% and 68. 62% respectively. The awareness rate of four main control measures were between 88. 93% and 89. 03%. Conclusion Tongzhou District residents had a certain degree of understanding for human infection with H7N9 bird flu knowledge. Health education should be strengthened for the over sixty-year-old people.
Droplet Digital Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Hybridization Assay for Absolute RNA Quantification

We present a continuous-flow droplet-based digital Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Hybridization Assay (droplet digital ELOHA) for sensitive detection and absolute quantification of RNA molecules. Droplet digital ELOHA incorporates direct hybridization and single enzyme reaction via the formation of single probe-RNA-probe (enzyme) complex on magnetic beads. It enables RNA detection without reverse transcription and PCR amplification processes. The magnetic beads are subsequently encapsulated into a large number of picoliter-sized droplets with enzyme substrates in a continuous-flow device. This device is capable of generating droplets at high-throughput. It also integrates in-line enzymatic incubation and detection of fluorescent products. Our droplet digital ELOHA is able to accurately quantify (differentiate 40% difference) as few as ~600 RNA molecules in a 1 mL sample (equivalent to 1 aM or lower) without molecular replication. The absolute quantification ability of droplet digital ELOHA is demonstrated with the analysis of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae 16S rRNA to show its potential value in real complex samples.
New Theoretical Results for the InSb Spin-Flip Raman Laser

The Stokes output intensity is calculated, taking into account the spatial dependence of the pump and Stokes intensities and cavity boundary conditions. Both analytical and numerical results are obtained for the two allowed pump polarizations, and are compared with experiment. The effect of anti-Stokes generation is discussed.
Injuries from all-terrain vehicles: An opportunity for injury prevention

Abstract Background Patient demographics, behavior, and injury patterns were assessed to inform preventative efforts for reduced incidence of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) trauma. Methods ATV-related injuries treated at a Level I trauma center from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient outcomes and incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were compared by helmet use and alcohol intoxication. Results Helmet data were available for 304 patients of 404 patients included; of these, 75 (24.7%) wore a helmet. Incidence of TBI was lower in the helmeted (8.0%) versus the unhelmeted subgroup (26.6%) ( P P P Conclusions These data support the requirement for a greater emphasis on injury prevention among ATV users.
Heterogeneity and Homogeneity Measures of Attractions in Tourism Destination Areas: Development of Attraction Diversity Index and Attraction Cluster Equity Indices: An Abstract

Traditionally, economists have attempted to develop indices that measure industry concentration, and such indices have become the basis of considerable antitrust litigations. The inverse of industry concentration can give valuable managerial clues about industry diversity and competition. With specific focus on the tourism industry, the current paper focuses on the development of an attraction diversity index (ADI), which is a direct outgrowth of the product diversity and performance literatures, spanning economics, management, and marketing. Of critical importance in this paper is how tourism developers conceptualize, construct, and implement attractive “tourism mix” offering bundles of utilities, proportionately developed to consistently attract target audiences sufficiently enough to offer profitability levels for long-term growth. We also propose its inverse, attraction cluster equity (ACE). The ACE is designed to measure the value of an attraction type for a destination country in a more meaningful way than the market share.
The Hand Surgeon Consultation Improves Patient Knowledge in a Hand Surgery Mission to Honduras.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess impact of the surgeon consultation and informed consent process on patient education in an international hand surgery mission compared with a US academic hand surgery practice. These two groups were selected to evaluate communication difficulties in a surgical mission setting compared with standard of care in a high-income country. Methods: A multi-part survey was administered to patients presenting to a hand surgery mission during March 2012 and new patients of a university hand center in a 3-month period during 2011. Surveys were administered prior to and following surgeon consultation with one fellowship-trained hand surgeon. The survey assessed knowledge of basic hand anatomy, physiology, disease, individual diagnosis, and surgical risks. Results: 71 patients participated in the study (university n=36, mission n=35). Pre-consultation quiz score averaged 58% in the university group versus 27% in the mission group. Post-consultation quiz scores average...
Automatic segmentation of fibroglandular tissue in breast MRI using anatomy-driven three-dimensional spatial context

The relative amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) in the breast has been shown to be a risk factor for breast cancer. However, automatic segmentation of FGT in breast MRI is challenging due mainly to its wide variation in anatomy (e.g., amount, location and pattern, etc.), and various imaging artifacts especially the prevalent bias-field artifact. Motivated by a previous work demonstrating improved FGT segmentation with 2-D a priori likelihood atlas, we propose a machine learning-based framework using 3-D FGT context. The framework uses features specifically defined with respect to the breast anatomy to capture spatially varying likelihood of FGT, and allows (a) intuitive standardization across breasts of different sizes and shapes, and (b) easy incorporation of additional information helpful to the segmentation (e.g., texture). Extended from the concept of 2-D atlas, our framework not only captures spatial likelihood of FGT in 3-D context, but also broadens its applicability to both sagittal and axial breast MRI rather than being limited to the plane in which the 2-D atlas is constructed. Experimental results showed improved segmentation accuracy over the 2-D atlas method, and demonstrated further improvement by incorporating well-established texture descriptors.
Pseudonymous Parents: Comparing Parenting Roles and Identities on the Mommit and Daddit Subreddits

Gender equality between mothers and fathers is critical for the social and economic wellbeing of children, mothers, and families. Over the past 50 years, gender roles have begun to converge, with mothers doing more work outside of the home and fathers doing more domestic work. However, popular parenting sites in the U.S. continue to be heavily gendered. We explore parenting roles and identities on the platform Reddit.com which is used by both mothers and fathers. We draw on seven years of data from three major parenting subreddits-Parenting, Mommit, and Daddit-to investigate what topics parents discuss on Reddit and how they vary across parenting subreddits. We find some similarities in topics across the three boards, such as sleep training, as well as differences, such as fathers talking about custody cases and Halloween. We discuss the role of pseudonymity for providing parents with a platform to discuss sensitive parenting topics. We conclude by highlighting the benefits of both gender-inclusive and role-specific parenting boards. This work provides a roadmap for using computational techniques to understand parenting practices online at large scale.
Mothers who Neglect and those who Do Not: A Comparative Study:

A study of twenty-nine mothers of physically neglected children and twenty-nine mothers of nonneglected children was undertaken to determine whether significant differences existed between the two ...
Prevention of Wife Abuse

Violence in the family takes many forms and has many victims. As treated in this volume, it includes physical violence and sexual abuse and is directed against children, adolescents, wives, husbands, elderly relatives, and siblings. Because there is no reason at present to assume that these various phenomena follow identical, or even substantially similar dynamics, the task of evaluating the current knowledge on prevention for all categories of family violence will be formidable, requiring a separate monograph or textbook in its own right. This chapter will not attempt to cover the full gamut of family violence but, like others in this volume, will instead focus on a single category of family violence—physical violence by men against women in cohabiting and/or conjugal relationships.
Friction Factor Response Curves for Flow through Annular Ducts

In Chapter III we studied the globally stable disturbances of Poiseuille flow in the annulus whose energy could increase initially. Now we turn to the study of unstable disturbances; we seek a description in general terms of the permanent solutions which replace laminar Poiseuille flow when the Reynolds number is sufficiently large. This description is conveniently stated in terms of a response function.