cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcineurin-inhibitor induced pain syndrome after stem cell transplant.

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) form the backbone of immunosuppressants used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). Although ...
Student Learning: The Influence of Instructor and Student Confirmation, Classroom Connectedness, and Self-Efficacy:

Previous research demonstrated the importance of a healthy instructional environment characterized by institutional support and positivity for student learning. Furthermore, classroom climate is im...
Memory for Data-Centric Computing: A Technologv Perspective

Embedded memory continues to be the key defining component for modern SoC. A large variety of embedded memory 1Ps are been developed in each logic technology node to provide volatile and non-volatile memory solutions for wide range of applications. SRAM continues to be the workhorse memory of modern SoC. While technology scaling continues to advance the performance and density of SRAM, the limited on-die cache memory capacity and limited data bandwidth between the off chip DRAM and compute engines have increasingly become the performance bottleneck for data-centric applications that demand higher energy efficiency and compute throughput. Addressing this memory wall challenge requires holistic solutions that involve high-density, high-capacity and low-power memories, better integration strategies between compute and memory and alternative computing paradigms. The near-memory and in-memory architectures can alleviate memory bottleneck to some degree while the 3D heterogeneous packaging technology can address interconnect bandwidth limitation through the low latency, low energy and high-density interconnect.
Interfacial Fatigue and Discrete Interfacial Damage in a Finite Strain Thermomechanical Framework

We present a stabilized finite element method for thermomechanical problems in the class of materials with discrete microstructural interfaces that undergo interfacial fatigue and dominant interfac...
Hydrodynamic tweezing: Using water waves to push and pull

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2019 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2019.GFM.P0031.
Approximate Projection-Based Control of Networks

Modern infrastructures such as transportation and communication networks are large-scale systems with complex dependence structures between various sub-systems. Human-interpretable performance targets in such systems are often represented in terms of lower-dimensional projections of the high-dimensional state space. We consider the problem of designing control strategies for high-dimensional systems that lack a detailed model. To do so, we leverage the ability of copulas to represent dependant structures in high-dimensional data, and approximate the state space model through inverse sampling. We demonstrate the applicability of the control policies obtained from our methodology through a data-driven case study of controlling flight delays within the US air transportation network.
The Failed Century of the Child: Governing America's Young in the Twentieth Century

Between 1900 and 2000 an unprecedented American effort to use state regulation to guarantee health, opportunity, and security to the country's children failed to reach its goals. The achievements envisioned were enormously ambitious and reflected entrenched but self-contradictory values and Americans' inconsistent expectations of government. As such, a 'failed' century deserves a mixture of rebuke and cautious admiration. Starting with the young, American public policy transformed individuals into strings of measurable characteristics. People became statistics, and if society could just get the measurements right, social policy said, progress would be possible. But children proved hard to quantify. Policies based on optimistic faith in the powers of applied scientific truth revealed perils implicit in acceptance of poorly understood social science paradigms. Definitions changed, as psychology or sociological or statistical theory changed, and good intentions foundered, as experts fiercely challenged each other's conclusions and public policies sought to respond.
A Qualitative Investigation into Developmental Relationships for Small Business Apparel Retailers: Networks, Mentors and Role Models

The purpose of this investigation was to gain an understanding of the use, function, and support dimensions of developmental relationships for small business apparel retailers by applying focus group data collection techniques and interpretive analysis. Data collection took place through eight focus groups with small business owners/managers in six mid-western communities. Results indicate that, indeed, networks, role models, and mentors are viewed as necessary and important mechanisms for information, support, and guidance. However, focus group participants noted a lack of access to such developmental relationships. In terms of functions performed, having a business colleague to confide in, and relate to, was of particular importance in gaining access to knowledge and support in decision-making. Gender differences in the use and perceived value of the developmental relationship were also noted. Based on the study results, four hypotheses were inductively developed and pose areas for further research investigation. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol6/iss3/1 A Qualitative Investigation into Developmental Relationships for Small Business Apparel Retailers: Networks, Mentors and Role Models by LuAnn Gaskill The Qualitative Report, Volume 6, Number 3 September, 2001
Two Methods to Estimate Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Adults, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2009-2010

Estimates of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption vary depending on intake definition and research purpose. Two methods used by researchers to evaluate intake include epidemiologic (EPI), which con...
Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Success in Online Learning

As students increasingly opt for online classes, it becomes more important for administrators to predict levels of potential academic success. This study examined several factors to characterize successful online college students, including emotional intelligence (EI), persistence, personality, age, gender and previous online experience among students attending community college. Factor analysis revealed two profiles labeled ‘EI’ and ‘Persuasive’. EI was positively correlated with GPA and resilience. Males had significantly higher EI than females. EI was unrelated to age, personality, number of semesters completed, program of study and previous online experience. Conclusions were that there may be a profile of the successful online student that could be used in marketing, advisement, quality assessment and retention efforts.
Regulatory properties of perchlorate-extracted succinate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Succinate dehydrogenase extracted from Complex II preparations with 0.8 m sodium perchlorate in the presence of succinate requires no activation (Hanstein, W. G., Davis, K. A., Ghalambor, M. A., and Hatefi, Y. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 2517–2524) even after being subjected to procedures which deactivate other soluble or membranal preparations of the enzyme. This behavior was ascribed to the presence of succinate, a known activator, in the enzyme preparation. In the present study this type of succinate dehydrogenase preparation is shown to contain no bound succinate. The fact that this enzyme requires no activation and does not respond to treatments expected to deactivate it (e.g. dialysis, gel exclusion) has been traced to the effect of high perchlorate concentrations which, in the presence of succinate, appear to alter the regulatory properties. Even at 0°, perchlorate and other anions, in the absence of substrate, activate the dehydrogenase in Complex II, the starting material used for extraction. These ions also activate purified preparations extracted from acetone powders. If succinate is omitted during the contact with perchlorate, the resulting preparations appear to be rapidly and spontaneously deactivated during and following gel exclusion on Sephadex. When succinate is included during perchlorate treatment, however, deactivation is achieved with relative difficulty, using a combination of gel exclusion, exposure to 38°, and prolonged incubation at 0°.
Dual-quorum replication for edge services

This paper introduces dual-quorum replication, a novel data replication algorithm designed to support Internet edge services. Dual-quorum replication combines volume leases and quorum based techniques in order to achieve excellent availability, response time, and consistency the references to each object (a) tend not to exhibit high concurrency across multiple nodes and (b) tend to exhibit bursts of read-dominated or write-dominated behavior. Through both analytical and experimental evaluation of a prototype, we show that the dual-quorum protocol can (for the workloads of interest) approach the excellent performance and availability of Read-One/Write-All-Async (ROWA-A) epidemic algorithms without suffering the weak consistency guarantees and resulting design complexity inherent in ROWA-Async systems.
The Impact of Information Technology on Interorganizational Networks: An Empirical Assessment of the Health Care Integrated Delivery System

Strategic alliances in the form of interorganizational networks continue to receive attention in both service and manufacturing industries as a potential form of competitive advantage. Health care organizations, in particular, have embraced partnerships and strategic alliances with much intensity, adopting the interorganizational network as the new business model for the health care industry. Yet, empirical evidence of the value of IT to enhance and support interorganizational networks is lacking in the IT literature. Therefore, this dissertation seeks to extend IT theory and research to the interorganizational network level of analysis through an empirical assessment of IT value for the health care integrated delivery system (IDS). This dissertation develops a framework of IT value for the interorganizational network that merges two complementary theoretical concepts, the strategic alignment model and the IT integration life cycle. Primary survey data is combined with secondary IDS performance and demographic data to empirically test a causal model of IDS maturity and its relationship to interorganizational network financial and quality performance. This dissertation makes two important contributions to the IT reference discipline. First, the use of the interorganizational network presents a perspective lacking in the IT literature. Second, the research marries the theories of strategic alignment and the IT integration life cycle to emphasize the need for balance between organizational initiatives and IT integration across all stages of interorganizational network development.
The impact of sales tax on economic growth in the United States: an ARDL bounds testing approach

This article investigates the impact of sales tax on economic growth in the United States during the 1960–2013 period using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach of cointegration. We estimate the long- and short-run elastic coefficients of sales tax on growth and find that economic growth in the United States responds negatively to sales tax in the long run, although it produces positive effects in the short run.
Esophageal manometry and radionuclide emptying in chronic alcoholics

Eighteen asymptomatic alcoholics, half with neuropathy, were studied within 3 days of drinking to evaluate the frequency, nature, and underlying causes of esophageal dysmotility. Ten were restudied after a month of sobriety. The mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal contraction amplitude in alcoholics were significantly higher than controls. Radionuclide esophageal emptying was slower than controls. Abnormal motility studies included 9 patients with nutcracker esophagus and 5 patients with nonspecific motor disorder. After 1 mo of abstinence, 5 of 6 patients with nutcracker esophagus and one with nonspecific motor disorder became normal. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal contraction amplitude also returned to normal. These abnormal findings were independent of neuropathy. One patient who had normal manometry and emptying had esophagitis. We demonstrated that esophageal dysfunction is common in alcoholics, even in the absence of esophagitis and neuropathy, suggesting that these do not play a major role in esophageal dysmotility. Nutcracker esophagus is a reversible and common manometric finding in asymptomatic alcoholics.
Challenges in Prostate Cancer Research: Animal Models for Nutritional Studies of Chemoprevention and Disease Progression

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be over 232,000 new cases of prostate cancer in 2005. Evidence suggests that diet can act as a chemopreventive agent to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer as well as to reduce the mortality of the disease. Epidemiologic studies suggest that diets rich in specific vitamins, grains, fruits, and vegetables may be associated with lower cancer rates than high-fat diets, yet the molecular bases for these positive nutritional actions are largely unknown. The interactions of diet in combination with genetic determinants of disease progression are unclear because prostate cancer is also a disease resulting from abnormal gene expression. Hence, the biology of normal prostate development and the mechanisms underlying the initiation, progression, and metastatic spread of prostate cancer must be understood at the molecular level to develop effective nutritional prevention and intervention strategies to control and treat this malignant disease. However, progress toward understanding the biology of prostate cancer and the development of new therapies has been hampered by the lack of in vivo model systems that adequately capitulate the spectrum of benign, latent, aggressive, and metastatic forms of the human disease. In this review we discuss the diverse animal models of prostate cancer available and their applicability for nutritional studies of cancer prevention.
Feasibility of endoscopic transesophageal thoracic sympathectomy (with video).

Background Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is the preferred surgical treatment for patients with disabling palmar hyperhidrosis. Current methods require a transthoracic approach to permit ablation of the thoracic sympathetic chain. Objective To develop a minimally invasive, transesophageal endoscopic technique for a sympathectomy in a swine model. Design Nonsurvival animal study. Setting Animal trial at a tertiary care academic center. Subjects This study involved 8 healthy Yorkshire swine. Interventions After insertion of a double-channel gastroscope, a Duette Band mucosectomy device was used to create a small esophageal mucosal defect. A short, 5-cm submucosal tunnel was created by using the tip of the endoscope and biopsy forceps. Within the submucosal space, a needle-knife was used to incise the muscular esophageal wall and permit entry into the mediastinum and chest. The sympathetic chain was identified at the desired thoracic level and was ablated or transected. The animals were killed at the completion of the procedure. Main Outcome Measurements Feasibility of endoscopic transesophageal thoracic sympathectomy. Results The sympathetic chain was successfully ablated in 7 of 8 swine, as confirmed by gross surgical pathology and histology. In 1 swine, muscle fibers were inadvertently transected. On average, the procedure took 61.4±24.5minutes to gain access to the chest, whereas the sympathectomy was performed in less than 3minutes in all cases. One animal was killed immediately after sympathectomy, before the completion of the observation period, because of hemodynamic instability. Limitations Nonsurvival series, animal study. Conclusions Endoscopic transesophageal thoracic sympathectomy is technically feasible, simple, and can be performed in a porcine model.
The use of estrone-protein conjugates in the study of the in vivo fate of antigen.

Abstract The estrogenicity of estrone-protein conjugates in ovariectomized rats was used to develop a model to study the fate of antigen in vivo . The degree of cornfication in the vaginal smears, induced by estrogens liberated during degradation of chemical conjugate estrone and rabbit serum albumin (ES-RSA), was determined as a function of time after first and second injections of ES-RSA. A second injection of ES-RSA in complete Freund's adjuvant induced a much more rapod cornification of the vaginal epithelium than a first injection. This was explained with increased phagocytosis and proteolysis of ES-RSA. It is suggested that the in vivo fate of antigen, just before the immunological anamnestic response, is increased phagocytosis due to formation of soluble complexes (and possibly an adjuvant effect) and increased proteolytic activity due to induced proteolytic enzyme synthesis after the primary injection of antigen (adaptive enzyme synthesis). It is believed that a requirement for immunogenicity is the partial degradation of antigen, whereby non-digestible fragments of a particular size and conformation are formed.
Beta decay and nuclear structure in the mass-14 system

Abstract The β-decay correction factor for a very-much-hindered Gamow-Teller allowed transition is calculated, including higher-order effects usually ignored. The results are used to analyse the decay of 14 O to the 14 N ground state, using various models of the nuclear structure. Also, the class of such models agreeing with both the ft -value and spectral shape is determined. A discussion is given of the ambiguities involved in determining the Gamow-Teller allowed matrix element.
Glucocorticoids suppress formation of erythroid colonies cultured from human fetal liver and umbilical cord blood.

AbstractThe effect of glucocorticoids on erythroid colony formation in vitro was studied in plasma clot and methylcellulose culture of human fetal liver and umbilical cord blood. At concentrations varying from 10-10 to 10-6M, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone caused 25 to 90% reduction in the number of erythroid colonies present after 5 to 14 days of incubation. This suppression of erythroid colony production by glucocorticoids was not accompanied by an alteration in the ratio of γ and β globin chains synthesized by the erythroid cells.
Methods for defining distinct bioenergetic profiles in platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, and the oxidative burst from human blood

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets have long been recognized as having the potential to act as sensitive markers for mitochondrial dysfunction in a broad range of pathological conditions. However, the bioenergetic function of these cells has not been examined from the same donors, yet this is important for the selection of cell types for translational studies. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of cellular bioenergetics in isolated human monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, including the oxidative burst from neutrophils and monocytes from individual donors. With the exception of neutrophils, all cell types tested exhibited oxygen consumption that could be ascribed to oxidative phosphorylation with each having a distinct bioenergetic profile and distribution of respiratory chain proteins. In marked contrast, neutrophils were essentially unresponsive to mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors indicating that they have a minimal requirement for oxidative phosphorylation. In monocytes and neutrophils, we demonstrate the stimulation of the oxidative burst using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and its validation in normal human subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that selection of cell type from blood cells is critical for assessing bioenergetic dysfunction and redox biology in translational research.
Endogenous hepatic ketogenesis. Cofactor requirements.

Abstract 1. 1. Of several rat-liver homogenate media studied, the greatest endogenous ketogenesis was observed in Krebs-Ringer phosphate. Ca 2+ decreased ketogenesis. 2. 2. Added CoA decreased endogenous ketogenesis, endogenous respiration and the production of acetoacetate and CO 2+ from endogenous lipids. These effects of CoA are consistent with its reversal of long-chain acylcarnitine formation from acyl-CoA. 3. 3. The rate and extent of endogenous ketogenesis in the liver homogenate were markedly stimulated by the combined addition of dl -carnitine, NAD + , ATP and cytochrome c . Carnitine was the most limiting cofactor. Elevation of the carnitine level above 1.5 mM reversed the carnitine-induced increase in ketogenesis. This reversal is attributed to elevated conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetylcarnitine. Carnitine also decreased the incorporation of fatty acids into tissue lipids. Arsenite strongly inhibited endogenous ketogenesis. 4. 4. The effects of various cofactor combinations on endogenous ketogenesis and on acetoacetate formation from endogenous lipids are very similar. It appears that ketogenic amino acids and acetyl-CoA derived from non-lipid precursors do not substantially contribute to endogenous ketogenesis in this system. Results are discussed with emphasis on factors which regulate the process of ketone body formation in the liver.
THREE KINDS OF RECORDING AND THE METAPHYSICS OF MUSIC

L'A. etudie les changements que la musique enregistree a introduits dans la pensee de la musique et l'analyse des relations entre la composition, l'execution et l'ecoute, en tant qu'elements anterieurs a la technologie du disque. Soulignant l'insignifiance esthetique du caractere ephemere des concerts-evenements, l'A. s'interroge particulierement sur les enregistrements composes des compositions et sur le role des artefacts enregistres dans la realisation musicale elle-meme. Developpant une phenomenologie de l'ecoute live et de l'ecoute d'enregistrements, l'A. montre que les trois types d'enregistrements (de concerts, de compositions et de sons preenregistres) contribuent a l'enrichissement de la musique comme la peinture enrichit notre perception du monde
Geometry-independent intensity correction factors for grazing-incidence diffraction

A geometry-independent approach to a unified description of intensity corrections factors for the two most common surface scattering geometries is presented. Simple analytical formulas relate the representations of the Lorentz factor, polarization factor, area factor, and rod interception factor in a surface reference frame to the actual diffractometer circles. An analytical formula for the area correction for very large exit angles, as can be achieved on modern diffractometers, is derived. A test data set shows that the derived formulas provide a good description of the scattering intensity up to the edge of the Ewald sphere.
Role of MR imaging in the diagnosis of complicated arachnoid cyst.

Background. Arachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoidal cerebrospinal fluid collections that are usually asymptomatic, however, they may become acutely symptomatic due to enlargement of the cyst or the presence of hemorrhage. Materials and methods. We report a case of a child presenting with a 3-week history of headaches, nausea, and vision problems. There was no history of trauma. MRI clearly demonstrated a left middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst with associated subacute intracystic and subdural hematoma that was causing mass effect and required surgery. Results. This lesion was isodense to the brain on CT. Conclusion. We focus on the importance of MR imaging in the differentiation of these subacute/early chronic hemorrhagic collections that may be overlooked with CT.
Comparison of the oxime and the hydroxylamine derivatives of 4-chloroamphetamine as depletors of brain 5-hydroxyindoles.

Brain 5-hydroxyindole levels were measured 6 hr after the i.p. injection of 4-chloroamphetamine and two of its possible metabolites—the oxime and the hydroxylamine. Both 4-chloroamphetamine and N-hydroxy-4-chloroamphetamine at 0·1 m-mole/kg caused marked reduction of serotonin and of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, whereas the oxime had only a slight effect on serotonin levels. The N-hydroxy derivative appeared to be almost completely reduced to 4-chloroamphetamine in vivo, for it produced brain levels of 4-chloroamphetamine equivalent to those produced by 4-chloroamphetamine itself and lowered brain 5-hydroxyindole levels as much as did 4-chloroamphetamine at three different dose levels. Our results make it seem unlikely that 4-chloroamphetamine's depletion of brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is mediated by the conversion of 4-chloroamphetamine to these metabolites.
Multimodal and three-dimensional imaging of prostate cancer

Accurate characterization of prostate cancer is crucial for treatment planning and patient management. Non-invasive SPECT imaging using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, 111In-labeled capromab pendetide, offers advantage over existing means for prostate cancer diagnosis and staging. However, there are difficulties associated with the interpretation of these SPECT images. In this study, we developed a 3D surface-volume hybrid rendering method that utilizes multi-modality image data to facilitate diagnosis of prostate cancer. SPECT and CT or MRI (or both) images were aligned either manually or automatically. 3D hybrid rendering was implemented to blend prostate tumor distribution from SPECT in pelvis with anatomic structures from CT/MRI. Feature extraction technique was also implemented within the hybrid rendering for tumor uptake enhancement. Autoradiographic imaging and histological evaluation were performed to correlate with the in-vivo SPECT images. Warping registration of histological sections was carried out to compensate the deformation of histology slices during fixation to help the alignment between histology and in-vivo images. Overall, the rendered volumetric evaluation of prostate cancer has the potential to greatly increase the confidence in the reading of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody scans, especially in patients where there is a high suspicion of prostate tumor metastasis.
A complexity metric for automated separation

A metric is proposed to characterize airspace complexity with respect to an automated separation assurance function. The Maneuver Option metric is a function of the number of conflict-free trajectory change options the automated separation assurance function is able to identify for each aircraft in the airspace at a given time. By aggregating the metric for all aircraft in a region of airspace, a measure of the instantaneous complexity of the airspace is produced. A six-hour simulation of Fort Worth Center air traffic was conducted to assess the metric. Results showed aircraft were twice as likely to be constrained in the vertical dimension than the horizontal one. By application of this metric, situations found to be most complex were those where level overflights and descending arrivals passed through or merged into an arrival stream. The metric identified high complexity regions that correlate well with current air traffic control operations. The Maneuver Option metric did not correlate with traffic count alone, a result consistent with complexity metrics for human-controlled airspace.
Single-Dose Vaccination of a Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing NP from H5N1 Virus Provides Broad Immunity against Influenza A Viruses

Influenza viruses often evade host immunity via antigenic drift and shift despite previous influenza virus infection and/or vaccination. Vaccines that match circulating virus strains are needed for optimal protection. Development of a universal influenza virus vaccine providing broadly cross-protective immunity will be of great importance. The nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza A virus is highly conserved among all strains of influenza A viruses and has been explored as an antigen for developing a universal influenza virus vaccine. In this work, we generated a recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) containing NP from H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004), a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, between HN and L (PIV5-NP-HN/L) and tested its efficacy. PIV5-NP-HN/L induced humoral and T cell responses in mice. A single inoculation of PIV5-NP-HN/L provided complete protection against lethal heterosubtypic H1N1 challenge and 50% protection against lethal H5N1 HPAI virus challenge. To improve efficacy, NP was inserted into different locations within the PIV5 genome. Recombinant PIV5 containing NP between F and SH (PIV5-NP-F/SH) or between SH and HN (PIV5-NP-SH/HN) provided better protection against H5N1 HPAI virus challenge than did PIV5-NP-HN/L. These results suggest that PIV5 expressing NP from H5N1 has the potential to be utilized as a universal influenza virus vaccine.
Does group cognitive–behavioral therapy module type moderate depression symptom changes in substance abuse treatment clients?

Abstract Little is known about the effect of group therapy treatment modules on symptom change during treatment and on outcomes post-treatment. Secondary analyses of depressive symptoms collected from two group therapy studies conducted in substance use treatment settings were examined ( n =132 and n =44). Change in PHQ-9 scores was modeled using longitudinal growth modeling combined with random effects modeling of session effects, with time-in-treatment interacted with module theme to test moderation. In both studies, depressive symptoms significantly decreased during the active treatment phase. Symptom reductions were not significantly moderated by module theme in the larger study. However, the smaller pilot study's results suggest that future examination of module effects is warranted, given the data are compatible with differential reductions in reported symptoms being associated with attending people-themed module sessions versus thoughts-themed sessions.
Coordinate regulation and synergistic actions of BMP4, SHH and FGF8 in the rostral prosencephalon regulate morphogenesis of the telencephalic and optic vesicles

Abstract We investigated the roles of bare morphogenetic protein (BMP), sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-expressing signaling centers in regulating the patterned outgrowth of the telencephalic and optic vesicles. Implantation of BMP4 beads in the anterior neuropore of stage 10 chicken embryos repressed FGF8 and SHH expression. Similarly, loss of SHH expression in Shh mutant mice leads to increased BMP signaling and loss of Fgf8 expression in the prosencephalon. Increased BMP signaling and loss of FGF and SHH expression was correlated with decreased proliferation, increased cell death, and hypoplasia of the telencephalic and optic vesicles. However, decreased BMP signaling, through ectopic expression of Noggin, a BMP-binding protein, also caused decreased proliferation and hypoplasia of the telencephalic and optic vesicles, but with maintenance of Fgf8 and Shh expression, and no detectable increase in cell death. These results suggest that optimal growth requires a balance of BMP, FGF8 and SHH signaling. We suggest that the juxtaposition of Fgf8 , Bmp4 and Shh expression domains generate patterning centers that coordinate the growth of the telencephalic and optic vesicles, similar to how Fgf8 , Bmp4 and Shh regulate growth of the limb bud. Furthermore, these patterning centers regulate regional specification within the forebrain and eye, as exemplified by the regulation of Emx2 expression by different levels of BMP signaling. In summary, we present evidence that there is cross-regulation between BMP-, FGF- and SHH-expressing signaling centers in the prosencephalon which regulate morphogenesis of, and regional specification within, the telencephalic and optic vesicles.
Long-term administration of d-amphetamine: Progressive augmentation of motor activity and stereotypy

Abstract The competitive relationship between d-amphetamine induced stereotypy and locomotor activity indicates the importance of their concurrent evaluation, especially during chronic studies. Repeated injection of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine for 36 successive days, in rats continuously exposed to the experimental chambers, produced a progressive augmentation in stereotypy and/or locomotion (depending on dose) during the 3–4 hr interval following injections (post-injection phase). In contrast, dark phase locomotor activity (8–20 hr after each daily injection) was maximally reduced (30–40% of controls) after the first injection of either 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine and gradually declined to this level with repeated injection of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg. Carry-over of both the post-injection augmentation and dark phase reduction of locomotion was revealed during amphetamine retest 8 days following discontinuation of daily d-amphetamine injections. Possible mechanisms underlying these behavioral alterations are discussed.
Rescattering effects on kaon energy spectra in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract Kaon production from heavy-ion collisions at energies that are below the threshold for its production in free space is studied in the relativistic Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model. Because of the small production probability, kaon production in baryon-baryon reactions is treated perturbatively. The rescattering of the kaon by nucleons is, however, included in the calculation. It is found that kaons undergo substantial rescatterings as they are mostly produced in the high-density region. This leads to significant effects on the kaon final kinetic-energy spectra.
Revision of the subfamily Hydrodytinae Miller (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with description of a new genus

The New World subfamily Hydrodytinae Miller is revised. Two genera are recognized, Hydrodytes Miller and Microhydrodytes gen. n. Hydrodytes contains three known species, H. opalinus (Zimmermann), H. dodgei (Young) and H. inaciculatus (Guignot). Microhydrodytes contains a single known species, M. elachistus sp. n. Keys are provided to the genera and species in the subfamily. Important morphological features are illustrated for diagnosing the species and a phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for all species.
Outcomes of the biceps suspension procedure for painful inferior glenohumeral subluxation in hemiplegic patients.

Background: Patients with upper motor neuron injury can develop painful inferior glenohumeral subluxation with functional impairment. If the pain is relieved by manual reduction of the subluxation, this pain is considered mechanical in nature and potentially amenable to surgical treatment to maintain this reduction. The purpose of this study was to report our outcomes with use of the biceps suspension procedure to achieve shoulder joint reduction and pain relief in hemiplegic patients. Methods: This retrospective case series of eleven consecutive hemiplegic patients with painful glenohumeral subluxation underwent surgical reduction with a biceps suspension procedure. Seven patients had, in addition, extra-articular tenotomies to treat coexisting muscular contractures. Pain, physical examination findings, and radiographs were evaluated before and after surgery. Patient satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery was determined as well. Results: The mean duration of the patient follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 2.0 to 5.8 years). The average patient age was 46.9 years (range, eighteen to eighty-one years). Ten of the patients were female. All patients had pain with passive shoulder motion preoperatively, but only one patient had such pain postoperatively (p < 0.001). At the time of follow-up after the surgery, the mean score for pain on a visual analog scale was 1.45 (range, 0 to 5), with all patients noting a decrease in pain. Ten patients noted that deformity was also decreased at the time of follow-up. All patients had a sulcus sign on physical examination preoperatively, but only three had such a sign postoperatively (p < 0.001). The seven patients who had undergone shoulder tenotomies had significant improvements in shoulder extension (p = 0.009), forward elevation (p = 0.030), abduction (p = 0.040), and external rotation (p = 0.043) postoperatively. Ten patients were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Preoperative radiographs demonstrated inferior subluxation of the humeral head at the glenohumeral joint in all patients. Postoperatively, ten patients had an improved glenohumeral joint position, and nine of these patients had complete reduction of the humeral head. Conclusions: Biceps suspension surgery can provide pain relief in hemiplegic patients with painful subluxation of the humeral head after upper motor neuron injury. Tenotomy of contracted muscles around the shoulder can improve passive shoulder motion in patients with spastic hemiplegia. Following surgery, there were high rates of glenohumeral reduction and patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An ETa/ETb endothelin antagonist ameliorates systemic inflammation in a murine model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Abstract Background. Endothelin peptides are polykines with strong vasoconstrictor properties. We have previously shown that endothelin antagonism (PD145065) reduces the local severity of acute pancreatitis. We now investigated the effect of endothelin antagonism on systemic inflammation in a model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Methods. Forty-two mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 was fed standard food plus PD145065 every 8 hours. Group 2 was fed a choline-deficient ethionine (CDE) supplemented diet and given saline every 8 hours. Group 3 was fed a CDE diet and treated with PD145065 every 8 hours from initiation of diet. Group 4 was fed a CDE diet and given PD145065 from 48 hours after initiation of diet. Animals were killed at 70 hours. Serum was collected. Pancreata and lung tissue were harvested. Results. Histology score, serum amylase level, lung myeloperoxidase, and interleukin (IL)-10 were all significantly reduced in both treatment groups (groups 3 and 4) (p Conclusions. Endothelin antagonism decreased the severity of acute pancreatitis and reduced markers of systemic inflammation. Late treatment at 48 hours failed to prevent the rise in IL-6. Mortality rates were unaffected by treatment.
Reexamining Our Words, Reimagining Our Policies: Undocumented Migration, Families, and the Moral Imagination

Through examining words and phrases being used to define U.S. immigration in popular speech and public policy, I argue that just speech is an essential component in the creation of just policy toward migrants. Particular consideration is given to the use of the word “illegal” to describe migrants and how the use of this word inhibits the moral imagination. Utilizing a justice framework in conversation with postcolonial ethics, I suggest that migrants and their movements can best be understood not primarily through the lenses of individual action, but through the lens of their communal and social relationalities and responsibilities. With this distinction in mind, I argue that an understanding of the particularity of persons rooted in particular familial structures can provide a more adequate lens for creating just policy for migrants and their families than can the paradigm of the individual as border crosser.
Profit and duty in the Second Bank of the United States' exchange operations

The Second Bank of the United States (1816–36) faced a potential trade-off between the private profits it was expected to produce for shareholders and the ‘free’ yet costly fiscal services it was mandated to provide to the Federal government during an era of westward expansion and primitive transportation networks. This article shows that the bank's large-scale dealings in domestic and foreign exchange transformed this potential trade-off into a positive synergy between the bank's private and public obligations. The bank was financially successful because it found a market niche – the provision of interregional and international payment services – whose exploitation had the added virtue of reducing the cost to the bank of being the Treasury's fiscal agent.
Treatment of spinal cord compression in Hodgkin's disease.

The management of the spinal cord lesions secondary to Hodgkin's disease requires an interdisciplinary team comprising a neurosurgeon, radiation therapist, and chemotherapist to plan and supervise the treatment of the patient. Laminectomy is not always mandatory. Acute decompression can usually be achieved by chemotherapy. The advantage of using chemotherapy initially—aside from elimination of surgical morbidity—is that it permits definitive radiation therapy to be started early.
Electronics for generating simultaneous random-dot cyclopean and monocular stimuli

We present a design for a versatile electronic device that produces simultaneous dynamic cyclopean (disparity) and monocular visual stimuli on standard monitors. These stimuli consist of dynamic random-dot cinematograms with the cyclopean and monocular components under real-time simultaneous but independent control. For example, one possible stimulus consists of a horizontal sinusoidal disparity grating moving upward in the frontal plane, made from randomdot fields that move to the right at an arbitrary speed. The device can be controlled by any microcomputer with serial input/output capability.
The grammar of quantification and the fine structure of interpretation contexts

Providing a compositional interpretation procedure for discourses in which descriptions of complex dependencies between interrelated objects are incrementally built is a key challenge for formal theories of natural language interpretation. This paper examines several quantificational phenomena and argues that to account for these phenomena, we need richly structured contexts of interpretation that are passed on between different parts of the same sentence and also across sentential boundaries. The main contribution of the paper is showing how we can add structure to contexts in an incremental way, starting with the basic notion of context in classical first-order logic, i.e., interpretation contexts formalized as single total variable assignments.
Activity level, functional health, and quality of life of children with myelomeningocele as perceived by parents.

Background To provide the best health care for individuals with myelomeningocele (MM), clinicians and researchers need to understand their health and functional status as well as quality of life. The literature is mixed regarding the relationship between motor level and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for these individuals.
Energy and National Security: Sizing Up the Risks

(1980). Energy and National Security: Sizing Up the Risks. The Washington Quarterly: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 154-163.
The Effect of Differential Flushing Times Among Trembling Aspen Clones on Tortricid Caterpillar Populations

The effect of trembling aspen clonal variation on tortricid caterpillar populations, primarily Choristoneura conflictana (Walker) and C. rosaceana Harris, was studied in Michigan and Wisconsin during 1975 and 1976. Ten ramets in each of 4 clones were felled and 100% sampled in 1975. Monte Carlo simulation procedures were used to investigate different sampling intensities. A very acceptable estimate of the mean and variance can be obtained from 1–2 observations per cell (ramet × level). Eight ramets in each of 17 clones were sampled in 1976. A pole pruner was used to obtain 2 branches from each of 3 crown levels for each ramet. There was a very significant (R2=.79, P=<.001 ) linear relationship between the mean proportion of buds infested and the mean flushing date of the clone. Six-fold differences in the mean proportion of buds infested occurred between the early and late flushing clones. Significant differences ( P =<.005) also were found between clones and crown levels. The biology of C. conflictana as it relates to aspen phenology is presented. The importance of using the clone as a sampling unit when studying aspen insects is stressed.
Abstract 1367: Substituted Pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles with single agent combination chemotherapeutic potential

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Combinations of cytotoxic agents with antiangiogenic agents have shown significant promise in cancer treatment, and several such clinical trials are currently underway. We previously identified two compounds with a 5-(thioaryl)-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine scaffold that each inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and platelet derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) for antiangiogenic effects and remarkably also inhibit human thymidylate synthase (hTS) for cytotoxic effects. In a COLO-205 xenograft mouse model one of these analogs demonstrated potent tumor growth inhibition, inhibition of metastasis, and antiangiogenic effects in vivo. Thus, these compounds afford combination chemotherapeutic potential in single agents. In an effort to optimize the structural requirements for antiangiogenic effects and hTS inhibition, six additional compounds were synthesized. Electron withdrawing (3,4-diClPh, 4-ClPh), electron donating (2,5-diOMePh, 4-OMePh) and bulky (1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl) thioaryl groups in the 5-(thioaryl)-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine scaffold were selected to establish optimum activity. The synthesis of these compounds involved the nucleophilic displacement of the common intermediate 5-bromo-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamine with appropriate benzenethiols. A novel four step synthetic scheme to the common intermediate was developed which is more efficient relative to the previously reported six step synthesis. Biological evaluation of these compounds in various RTKs indicated that in the VEGFR-2 assay the 2,5-diOMePh substituted compound was equipotent to the standard SU5416 used in this assay. In the hTS assay, the 2-naphthyl, 4-OMePh, and 4-ClPh substituted compounds were nanomolar inhibitors and were 3-fold better than or equipotent to the standard TS inhibitor raltitrexed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1367. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1367
Delta 9 THC as an hypnotic. An experimental study of three dose levels.

(−)δ 9 THC was found to significantly decrease the time it takes to fall asleep in physically healthy insomniacs. Once asleep, interruptions of sleep were not significantly altered over the whole night. The (−)δ 9 THC tended to be associated with some decrease in awakenings in the first half of the night. The primary side effect experienced by the subjects at all dose levels in the Pre-Sleep phase was temporal disorganization and mood alterations. There was an increase in intensity of side effects and number of subjects affected with increasing dosage. The most significant side effect, however, was a “hangover” phenomenon, or continued “high” the next day, with some residual of temporal disorganization. It increased in intensity and duration with increase in dosage. This “hangover” seems severe enough to eliminate the consideration of the 30 mg dose range of (−)δ 9 THC for clinical use as an hypnotic.
Microfluidics based phantoms of superficial vascular network

Several new bio-photonic techniques aim to measure flow in the human vasculature non-destructively. Some of these tools, such as laser speckle imaging or Doppler optical coherence tomography, are now reaching the clinical stage. Therefore appropriate calibration and validation techniques dedicated to these particular measurements are therefore of paramount importance. In this paper we introduce a fast prototyping technique based on laser micromachining for the fabrication of dynamic flow phantoms. Micro-channels smaller than 20 µm in width can be formed in a variety of materials such as epoxies, plastics, and household tape. Vasculature geometries can be easily and quickly modified to accommodate a particular experimental scenario.