cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Lunchtime Food Choices Among Working Americans

There is growing interest in the usefulness of the workplace as a site for promotion of healthful food choices. The authors therefore analyzed data of U.S. adults (N = 1,918) who reported working outside the home and eating lunch. The majority (84.0%) of workers had a break room. About one half (54.0%) purchased lunch > or = 2 times/week, with higher percentages for males, Blacks, younger (age 18-34 years) versus older adults (age 55 years or older), and obese versus normal-weight persons. The most important lunch food choice value was convenience (34.3%), followed by taste (27.8%), cost (20.8%), and health (17.1%). The typical source for purchasing lunch was a fast-food restaurant (43.4%), followed by on-site cafeteria/snack shop (25.3%), full-service restaurant (16.9%), supermarket (5.2%), vending machine (4.4%), and convenience store (4.0%); younger adults and those less educated relied more on fast-food places. This study identifies individual factors and values that may influence future dietary health initiatives in the work site.
Vibratory cavitation erosion in aqueous solutions

summary Vibratory cavitation erosion tests on AISI-SAE 1018 carbon steel in tap water and in mild (0.1 M) aqueous solutions of CaCOs, CaO, NaHCO, and NaOH were conducted at a temperature of 80 “F (27 “C), a double amplitude of 1.38 X 10e3 in (35.1 pm) and a pressure of 1 atm. For the maximum (150 min) test duration the weight loss in tap water (no additive) is the smallest. However, this is not the case for shorter test times. The biggest difference between weight losses among the various solutions is about 10% 30%, which is somewhat beyond natural data scatter for such vibratory tests. Released gases and also particles may play an important role in the results. There are three easily distinguishable damage regions for all cavitated surfaces, i.e. generally undamaged rim, central heavily damaged region and transition region, as for most vibratory tests. The relative areas of the three regions are about 53.5%, 0.13% and 46.4% respectively for the present tests. The erosion rate and extent of the damaged regions do not depend substantially on the solute tested. The very small area of the heavily damaged central region is presumably due to the relatively low horn amplitude used in these tests. The increase in damage rate with respect to tap water is about 50% for the maximum test duration. Surface photographs and scanning electron microscopy photomicrographs (for a test duration of 150 min) are presented. Cracks, intercrystalline fractures and single-blow craters are most concentrated in the central region, as would be expected.
The same systemic autoimmune disease provokes arthritis and endocarditis via distinct mechanisms

The immune mechanisms that provoke concomitant inflammation of synovial joints and cardiac valves in disorders such as rheumatic fever and systemic lupus erythematosus remain poorly defined. Here, we report the discovery of spontaneous endocarditis-in addition to their well-studied autoimmune arthritis-in K/BxN T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. The same adaptive immune system elements were required for initiation of arthritis and endocarditis, and both diseases were dependent on autoantibodies. In contrast, the participation of key innate immune system molecules and perhaps T cells as effectors of inflammation differed between the 2 target tissues. Arthritis in K/BxN TCR transgenic mice depended primarily on complement C5 and not FcRgamma-using receptors; conversely, endocarditis depended essentially on FcRgamma receptors and not C5. Elucidating how a single systemic autoimmune disease engages distinct immune effector pathways to damage different target tissues is essential for optimizing the treatment of such disorders.
Acute versus marginal deficiencies of nutrients.

Under experimental conditions, an acute nutrient deficiency (e.g., thiamin or folic acid) can be induced in both animal and human subjects. The signs and pathologic changes of an acute deficiency, however, may differ substantially from those seen clinically; often marginal deficiencies have been maintained over a long period of time.
Plant information systems, manufacturing capabilities, and plant performance

Firms have been investing over $5 billion a year in recent years on new information technology and software in their manufacturing plants. In this study, we develop a conceptual model based on the theory of dynamic capabilities to study how manufacturing plants realize improvements in plant performance by leveraging plant information systems to enable implementation of advanced manufacturing capabilities. We develop hypotheses about relationships between information systems, their impact on manufacturing practices, and the overall impact on plant performance. Analysis of survey data from 1,077 U.S. manufacturing plants provides empirical support for the dynamic capabilities model and suggests that manufacturing capabilities mediate the impact of information systems on plant performance. Our results underscore the importance of manufacturing and organizational capabilities in studying the impact of IT on manufacturing plant productivity, and provide a sharper theoretical lens to evaluate their impact.
The Evolution of Carbon Monoxide Into Medicine

The discovery that carbon monoxide (CO)-a highly publicized toxic gas molecule-can have powerful benefits and curative effects not only changed how we view CO, but has, with tremendous contradiction, resulted in clinical trials of CO for the treatment of various pathologies. There is sound preclinical evidence that, at a low concentration, CO has benefits in numerous and diverse diseases in rodents, large animals, and humans. CO especially has potential benefits in inflammatory disorders. As CO moves ahead in the clinic, we continue to advance our understanding of how it functions, especially as the number of potential clinical applications expands. CO's mechanisms of action at the cellular level depend on the disease and the experimental focus, but the one constant is that CO reestablishes homeostasis.
The topology of justification

Justification Logic is a family of epistemic logical systems obtained from modal logics of knowledge by adding a new type of formula t:F, which is read t is a justification for F. The principal epistemic modal logic S4 includes Tarski’s well-known topological interpretation, according to which the modality 2X is read the Interior of X in a topological space (the topological equivalent of the ‘knowable part of X’). In this paper, we extend Tarski’s topological interpretation from S4 to Justification Logic systems with both modality and justification assertions. The topological semantics interprets t:X as a reachable subset of X (the topological equivalent of ‘test t confirms X’). We establish a number of soundness and completeness results with respect to Kripke topology and the real topology for S4-based systems of Justification Logic.
Solitary cutaneous myxoma

We describe a case of a large pedunculated solitary cutaneous myxoma arising on the thigh of a 47-year-old man without evidence of Carney’s complex, NAME, or LAMB syndromes. The diagnosis was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin stain, special stains, and immunocytochemistry studies. The tumor was surgically resected with no evidence of recurrence after 6 months. Solitary cutaneous myxoma should be differentiated histologically from myxoid neurofibroma, neurothekeoma, and ossifying and nonossifying fibromyxoid tumor. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:377-9.)
STRBase: a short tandem repeat DNA database for the human identity testing community

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has compiled and maintained a Short Tandem Repeat DNA Internet Database (http://www.cstl.nist.gov/ biotech/strbase/) since 1997 commonly referred to as STRBase. This database is an information resource for the forensic DNA typing community with details on commonly used short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers. STRBase consolidates and organizes the abundant literature on this subject to facilitate on-going efforts in DNA typing. Observed alleles and annotated sequence for each STR locus are described along with a review of STR analysis technologies. Additionally, commercially available STR multiplex kits are described, published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sequences are reported, and validation studies conducted by a number of forensic laboratories are listed. To supplement the technical information, addresses for scientists and hyperlinks to organizations working in this area are available, along with the comprehensive reference list of over 1300 publications on STRs used for DNA typing purposes.
Modeling and Testing Process Variation in Nanometer CMOS

As device technology progresses toward 45nm and beyond, the fidelity of the process parameter modeling becomes questionable. In this paper we propose the concept of process variation (PV) testing. This is achieved by applying an innovative fault model and test methodology that uses PV sensing circuitry and frequency domain analysis. Rather than pinpointing the variation of different parameters, our architecture looks at the effect of PV in a chip indirectly and collectively. The novelty of this architecture is in shifting the strategy of VLSI testing to frequency domain by using a distributed network of frequency-sensitive circuits such as ring oscillators. This provides an intrinsic advantage by minimizing the effect of noise (signal integrity loss, crosstalk, IR drop, etc.) and by using the powerful concept of digital signal processing for test analysis. The test architecture does not interfere with the rest of the circuit thus providing freedom to tune accuracy of the PV test by choosing the proper number and type of oscillators
Simultaneous Valuation Extirpated: A Contribution to the Critique of the Neo-Ricardian Concept of Value

The neo-Ricardian interpretation of Marx's concept of value is criticized. A one commodity, circulating capital model is presented which both reinstates the neglected intertemporal aspect of value magnitudes, and seriously challenges the neo-Ricardian's "refutation" of the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Much of the further significance of the argument is summarily stated as a conclusion.
Abstract 41: Postnatal Deletion of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transforming Growth Factor beta Receptor 2 in Mice Exacerbates Marfan-syndrome-associated Aortic Dilation

Objectives: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are an important cause of cardiovascular death and are often part of an autosomal dominant syndrome (e.g., Marfan syndrome; MFS). The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in TAA is controversial. Excessive TGF-β signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) is proposed to cause TAA formation; however, much data support a protective role for aortic SMC TGF-β signaling. We investigated the role of SMC TGF-β signaling in the development of MFS-associated TAA by superimposing SMC-specific deletion of Tgfbr2 on MFS-related aortic pathology of Fbn1C1039G/+ mice. Methods: We crossed Tgfbr2flox/flox mice with Acta2-CreERT2 mice (Tamoxifen-inducible Cre driven by the SMC-specific Acta2 promoter) to generate mice with inducible deletion of Tgfbr2 in SMCs. 4 groups of mice were studied: 1) Fbn1+/+, Acta2-CreERT2o/o, Tgfbr2flox/flox mice received Tamoxifen (wild-type control); 2) Fbn1C1039G /+, Acta2-CreERT2o/o, Tgfbr2flox/flox mice received Tamoxifen (...
Adrenocorticotropin. 52 Synthesis and biological activity of adrenocorticotropic peptides with cystine bridges.

Three analogs of the amino terminal nonadecapeptide of adrenocorticotropin which incorporate cystine bridges between positions (5, 10), (3, 10), or (2, 10) have been synthesized. All of the peptide analogs showed reduced biological activity; however, the peptide with the 5, 10 cystine bridge was shown to possess significantly higher lipolytic activity in rat fat cells than the peptides with a 3, 10 or 2, 10 cystine bridge.
Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method.

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 492–498 Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: A street-intercept survey method This study aimed to determine Thais' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors and whether that knowledge was related to age, gender or education. Via a street-intercept survey method, a convenience sample of people aged ≥ 35 years (n = 192) was recruited. Mean age was 47 ± 9.6 years (range 35–81), and 55.2% were female. Participants identified on average 5.6 of 9 heart attack symptoms (SD 1.8) and 5.3 of 8 heart attack risk factors (SD 2.1). However, 66.7% mistakenly thought the chest discomfort would be severe, sharp and stabbing, and many subjects erroneously selected symptoms that are actually stroke symptoms. There were no gender or educational differences in knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. Older adults recognized fewer total symptoms than did younger adults. These findings could direct health-care providers to help the Thai population differentiate symptoms of heart attack from stroke.
Variable gradient permanent-magnet quadrupole lenses

Rare-earth (RE) permanent-magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) have been used for many applications in particle accelerators. One difficulty associated with PMQs is that the quadrupole gradient is not easily adjusted. Over a certain range, the magnetization of RE magnets is a reversible function of temperature. A scheme has been developed to use this property to make variable gradient PMQs. The field gradient changes required for tuning are typically on the order of a few percent. For many RE magnets, this requires temperature changes of a few tens of degrees centigrade and is accomplished by actively heating or cooling the quadrupoles. >
The Lymphotactin Receptor Is Expressed in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma and Contributes to Cell Migration and Proliferation

Chemokine receptor-ligand interactions are important to support functioning of both normal and pathologic cells. The expression and function of chemokine receptors in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the lymphotactin receptor (XCR1) was expressed in primary and metastatic human epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) specimens and cell lines. In contrast, expression of XCR1 was not detected in the normal ovary or in human normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Our data indicate that XCL1 and XCL2 are either present in the malignant ascites or expressed by the ovarian carcinoma cells. The addition of lymphotactin (XCL1 and XCL2) stimulated migration and proliferation of XCR1-positive cells. Reduction of XCR1 expression in ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 resulted in abrogated diaphragm and peritoneal wall tumor formation and in reduced frequency of colonic, splenetic, and liver nodules in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data suggest that XCR1 is expressed early during the course of tumorigenic transformation and contributes towards increased cell migration and proliferation, which can facilitate the prometastatic behavior of EOC cells.
Iterated logarithmic expansions of the pathwise code lengths for exponential families

Rissanen's (1978, 1986, 1989, 1996) minimum description length (MDL) principle is a statistical modeling principle motivated by coding theory. For exponential families we obtain pathwise expansions, to the constant order, of the predictive and mixture codelengths used in MDL. The results are useful for understanding different MDL forms.
An evaluation of ECB policy in the Euro's big four

The Taylor curve can be viewed as an efficiency frontier displaying the trade-off between the volatility of output and volatility of inflation. We build on the existing literature in this area and view Taylor curves as a lens through which to gauge the deviations of actual ECB policy from the optimum. We employ data over the period 1999-2013 period to measure the orthogonal distance of the observed volatilities from the Taylor curve in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the Euro area using a recursive VARs. We find that the distance has substantially increased in all four countries suggesting that monetary policy has become less efficacious for Germany, France, Italy, and Spain since the financial crisis in 2007-2008. We also estimate counterfactual Taylor rules and find that a simple Taylor rule would have only substantially improved monetary policy efficacy in Germany.
Contributions of Qualitative Research in Informing HIV/AIDS Interventions Targeting Black MSM in the United States

This article presents a systematic review of qualitative studies focusing on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. We reviewed studies that were published between 1980 and 2014. Qualitative methods employed in the studies reviewed include in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and ethnography. We searched several databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, JSTOR, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, and Google Scholar) for relevant articles using the following broad terms: "Black men" "Black gay/bisexual" or "Black men who have sex with men," and "qualitative" and/or "ethnography." We include 70 studies in this review. The key themes observed across studies were (1) heterogeneity, (2) layered stigma and intersectionality, (3) risk behaviors, (4) mental health, (5) resilience, and (6) community engagement. The review suggests that sexual behavior and HIV-status disclosure, sexual risk taking, substance use, and psychological well-being were contextually situated. Interventions occurring at multiple levels and within multiple contexts are needed to reduce stigma within the Black community. Similarly, structural interventions targeting religious groups, schools, and health care systems are needed to improve the health outcomes among BMSM. Community engagement and using community-based participatory research methods may facilitate the development and implementation of culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS interventions targeting BMSM.
HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE EXHAUST PLUME STUDY IN THE NASA/LANGLEY WIND TUNNEL

Concern over health effects associated with diesel exhaust and debate over the influence of high number counts of particles in diesel exhaust prompted research to develop a methodology for diesel particulate matter (PM) characterization. As part of this program, a tractor truck with an electronically managed diesel engine and a dynamometer were installed in the Old Dominion University (ODU) Langley full-scale wind tunnel. This arrangement permitted repeat measurements of diesel exhaust under realistic and reproducible conditions and permitted examination of the steady exhaust plume at multiple points. Background particle size distribution was characterized using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). In addition, a remote sampling system consisting of a SMPS, PM filter arrangement, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) analyzer, was attached to a roving gantry allowing for exhaust plume sampling in a three dimensional grid. Raw exhaust CO 2 levels and truck performance data were also measured. The plume centerline was mapped and dilution ratios were determined and mapped. At 55 mph truck wheel speed and steady wind speed operation, at 200 inches behind the stack at the plume centerline, the dilution ratio was about 75, and at 337 inches behind the stack the dilution ratio was about 125. The truck was also operated through repeated transient tests, from 40 to 55 mph, with a wind speed of 47 mph. CO 2 variations in the plume were clearly detected during the transients. Steady state PM size measurements were made at scan rates of 90 seconds. Ambient samplers located in the tunnel determined PM loading by mass. This paper presents the methodology used, discusses the plume location and dilution, and discusses results from ambient samplers. Particle sizing results are given in a companion paper.
Chloride-cotransport blockade desynchronizes neuronal discharge in the "epileptic" hippocampal slice.

Antagonism of the chloride-cotransport system in hippocampal slices has been shown to block spontaneous epileptiform (i.e., hypersynchronized) discharges without diminishing excitatory synaptic tra...
Rate of disappearance of exogenous dog renin from the plasma of nephrectomized dogs.

SummaryExogenous dog renin was administered intravenously to nephrectomized dogs and its disappearance followed for 3 hours. There were two exponential components to the disappearance curves, a rapid component with an average half-time of 6 ± 1 min and a slower component with an average half-time of 79 ± 7 min. Circulating angiotensin levels were shown to have no effect on either half-time value and the presence of adequate substrate was demonstrated. The mean plasma renin level in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs was found to be 10.2 ± 1.0 mμg angiotensin II generated/ml/3 hours. Four hours after nephrectomy, it was 1.3 ± 0.2 mμg. This suggests that the half-time of endogenous renin is similar to that of exogenous renin.
The Limits of Intersubjectivity in Hegel’s Philosophy of Subjective Spirit

Intersubjectivity may have always played a key role in the life of the mind, but its philosophical appreciation has waxed and waned. Today intersubjectivity has become an all-too-coveted philosophical talisman. Holding center stage under the promotion of linguistic turns and other socialities of reason, intersubjectivity gets privileged as a juridical foundation, determining what counts as true, right, and beautiful. This foundational use and abuse of intersubjectivity has often been laid at the door of Hegel, who famously attended to “the I that is we and the we that is I.” Yet it is not Hegel but the lingering tradition of transcendental philosophy that so enlists intersubjectivity in a cause that continues to obscure the proper place of intersubjectivity in mind.
Research and Implementation of SoftPLC Based on μC/OS-II

SoftPLC is the orientation of PLC technology.A SoftPLC system structure based on embedded operation system μC/OS-Ⅱ was put forward after study of the control structure of SoftPLC system,and the function of system modules were analyzed.The compiler implementation of SoftPLC development system was given out.The working principle,task creation and task scheduling of running system were analyzed and researched.The implementation of the PLC command was described and presented.At present,this SoftPLC has been transplanted on prototyping platform,and running with stable operation and good performance.
Acetylation of wood – A review

Wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. Some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. As the water layers build up, the cell wall expands to accommodate the water resulting in an increase in wood/water volume up to the fiber saturation point. Increased moisture levels also offer a large variety of micro-organisms the opportunity to colonize and begin the process of decay. If these accessible hydroxyl groups are chemically substituted with a larger and more hydrophobic chemical groups, the bonded chemical can expand the cell wall until it reaches its elastic limit. And if the hydrophobic nature of substituted groups sufficiently reduces the cell wall moisture levels, the wood will no longer support the colonization of micro-organisms. This modified wood then achieves a high level of dimensional stability and durability. One technology that has now been commercialized to achieve these properties is acetylation: a reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the wood cell wall polymers with acetic anhydride. While all woods contain a low level of acetyl groups, increasing this acetyl content changes the properties and performance of the reacted wood. When a substantial number of the accessible hydroxyl groups are acetylated consistently across the entire cell wall, the wood reaches its highest level of dimensional stability and durability.
"Sentinel effect" shows fraud control effort works.

The author analyzes the fraud and abuse track record of his agency in the past years, and discuss why that effort has had beneficial results for the healthcare industry and the federal fisc. The benefits of this enforcement effort flow directly from the specific enforcement actions, and indirectly from the response of others in the industry to the standards set forth in those actions. Mr. Thornton disputes assertions of some in the industry that the enforcement efforts are unfair, arbitrary, or draconian. Rather, they are an appropriate response to a documented problem with which the government is justifiably concerned.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Risk of Epilepsy

The clinical, laboratory and neuroradiological findings in 19 children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were retrospectively reviewed for features of epilepsy in 7 (37%), in a study at Osaka Medical Center, Japan.
PD-L1 expression in mononuclear cells and not in tumor cells, correlated with prognosis in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

4552 Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor negatively regulates T cell-mediated responses.PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) is expressed in several malignancies and is associated with higher grade, 9p24...
The microbiome of aseptically collected human breast tissue in benign and malignant disease

Globally breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. The breast consists of epithelium, stroma and a mucosal immune system that make up a complex microenvironment. Growing awareness of the role of microbes in the microenvironment recently has led to a series of findings important for human health. The microbiome has been implicated in cancer development and progression at a variety of body sites including stomach, colon, liver, lung, and skin. In this study, we assessed breast tissue microbial signatures in intraoperatively obtained samples using 16S rDNA hypervariable tag sequencing. Our results indicate a distinct breast tissue microbiome that is different from the microbiota of breast skin tissue, breast skin swabs, and buccal swabs. Furthermore, we identify distinct microbial communities in breast tissues from women with cancer as compared to women with benign breast disease. Malignancy correlated with enrichment in taxa of lower abundance including the genera Fusobacterium, Atopobium, Gluconacetobacter, Hydrogenophaga and Lactobacillus. This work confirms the existence of a distinct breast microbiome and differences between the breast tissue microbiome in benign and malignant disease. These data provide a foundation for future investigation on the role of the breast microbiome in breast carcinogenesis and breast cancer prevention.
The Worsted Trade and the Development of Bradford

When Daniel Defoe toured the West Riding of Yorkshire in the late eighteenth century, he paid little attention to the village of Bradford, though he noted the impact of the worsted trade upon the Yorkshire countryside, where the cottages dotted the hillsides.1 Seventy years later, Bradford filled the valley, its hundred streets stretching their wide arms for miles; filled with an overflowing population of busy merchants and manufacturers, artizans and operatives; and the immense products of its stupendous mills — where thousands of clanking power looms, and whirring spinning frames din the ear.2
A trial of intracranial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury

Background Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is considered the standard of care for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is used frequently, but the efficacy of treatment based on monitoring in improving the outcome has not been rigorously assessed. Objective The objective was to compare efficacy of guideline-based management in which a protocol for monitoring intraparenchymal ICP was used (ICP group) or a protocol in which treatment was based on imaging and clinical examination (exam group). Design A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Setting The trial was set in ICUs in Bolivia or Ecuador. Subjects Patients had severe TBI (n = 324) and were 13 years of age or older. Interventions Patients were randomly allocated to ICP monitoring or clinical exam-based monitoring. Outcomes The primary outcome was a composite of survival time, impaired consciousness, functional status at 3 and 6 months, and neuropsychological status at 6 months; neuropsychological status was assessed by an examiner who was unaware of the protocol assignment. This composite measure was based on performance across 21 measures of functional and cognitive status and was calculated as a percentile (with 0 indicating the worst performance, and 100 the best performance). Results There was no significant between-group difference in the primary outcome, a composite measure based on percentile performance across 21 measures of functional and cognitive status (score 56 in the pressure-monitoring group versus 53 in the imaging-clinical examination group; P = 0.49). Six-month mortality rates were 39% in the pressure-monitoring group and 41% in the imaging-clinical examination group (P = 0.60). The median lengths of stay in the ICU were similar in the two groups (12 days in the pressure-monitoring group and 9 days in the imaging-clinical examination group; P = 0.25), although the number of days of brain-specific treatments (for example, administration of hyperosmolar fluids and the use of hyperventilation) in the ICU was higher in the imaging-clinical examination group than in the pressure-monitoring group (4.8 versus 3.4, P = 0.002). The distributions of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions For patients with severe TBI, care focused on maintaining monitored ICP at 20 mmHg or less was not shown to be superior to care based on imaging and clinical examination.
Gender differences in nonlinear motor performance following concussion

Abstract Purpose To quantify differences in nonlinear aspects of performance on a seated visual-motor tracking task between clinically asymptomatic males and females with and without a self-reported mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history. Methods Seventy-three individuals with a self-reported concussion history (age: 21.40 ± 2.25 years) and 75 without (age: 21.50 ± 2.00 years) completed the visual-motor tracking task. Participants pressed an index finger against a force sensor, tracing a line across a computer screen (visual-motor tracking). The produced signal's root-mean-square error ( RMSE ), sample entropy (SampEn, a measure of regularity), and average power (AvP) between 0 and 12 Hz were calculated. Results Males with a history of 0 or 1 concussion had greater RMSE (worse performance) than females with 0 ( p 0.0001) and 1 concussion ( p = 0.052). Additionally, females with 2+ concussions exhibited lower SampEn than females with no history ( p = 0.001) or a history of 1 concussion ( p = 0.026). Finally, females with 2+ concussions had lower 8–12 Hz AvP than males with 2+ concussions ( p = 0.031). Few differences were observed in the male participants. Conclusion Females with a self-reported history of multiple concussions exhibited lower SampEn in the visual-motor tracking-task force output structure as compared to those with no reported history of concussion and their male counterparts. Lower SampEn and lower power between 8 and 12 Hz indicated persistent impairment in visual processing and feed-forward or predictive motor control systems.
Infection prevention and control and the refugee population: Experiences from the University of Louisville Global Health Center.

Background During 2016, approximately 140,000 individuals entered the United States as part of the federal government refugee resettlement program and established themselves in communities in virtually every state. No national database regarding refugee health currently exists; therefore, little is known about existing infectious diseases, conditions, and cultural practices that impact successful acculturation. The objective of this report is to identify what is currently known about refugees and circumstances important to infection prevention and control with respect to their roles as new community members, employees, and consumers of health care. Methods Using data from the University of Louisville Global Health Center's Newly Arriving Refugee Surveillance System, health issues affecting refugees from the perspective of a community member, an employee, and a patient were explored. Results Lack of immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases is the most widespread issue impacting almost every adult, adolescent, and child refugee resettled in Kentucky. Health issues of concern from an infection prevention and control perspective include latent tuberculosis infection, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and parasites. Other health conditions that may also be important include anemia, obesity, oral health, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Refugee resettlement provides motivation for collaborative work among those responsible for infection prevention and control in all settings, their public health partners, and those responsible for and interested in community workforce concerns.
Distributed Provenance Compression

Network provenance, which records the execution history of network events as meta-data, is becoming increasingly important for network accountability and failure diagnosis. For example, network provenance may be used to trace the path that a message traversed in a network, or to reveal how a particular routing entry was derived and the parties involved in its derivation. A challenge when storing the provenance of a live network is that the large number of the arriving messages may incur substantial storage overhead. In this paper, we explore techniques to dynamically compress distributed provenance stored at scale. Logically, the compression is achieved by grouping equivalent provenance trees and maintaining only one concrete copy for each equivalence class. To efficiently identify equivalent provenance, we (1) introduce distributed event-based linear programs (DELP) to specify distributed network applications, and (2) statically analyze DELPs to allow for quick detection of provenance equivalence at runtime. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach leads to significant storage reduction and query latency improvement over alternative approaches.
The Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and the Self-Efficacy of Student-Athletes:

The coach–athlete relationship and coach communication have received significant attention, as they relate to athlete performance variables; however, the coach alone does not shape an athlete’s experiences. Research has indicated the importance of the parent/guardian’s role in athlete development and suggests parent/guardian communication may also have implications for athlete performance outcomes. Of such performance variables, self-efficacy has been demonstrated to have a consistent positive and moderate relationship with sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent/guardian communication on student-athlete self-efficacy. Student-athlete participants (n = 290) provided self-reports of self-efficacy, family communication patterns, and the frequency-of-use and effectiveness of the efficacy-enhancing techniques employed by parent(s)/guardian(s). Results revealed a significant negative relationship between conformity-oriented communication and student-athlete self-effica...
Low Power High Wall Loading Tokamak Reactor

A summary of a recent design effort for a high wall loading, low power, compact tokamak reactor is presented. The design employs a bean-shaped plasma to reach the second stability regime, where high beta values are attainable. A point design was chosen based on a parameteric survey that was conducted using the Tokamak Systems Code (TSC). The most important parts of that survey are presented here. Investigation of different plasma confinement scaling laws shows that the chosen point design has a reasonable ignition margin.
Fourier-Deligne Transform

10.1.1. In addition to the orientation h → h , h → h" in 9.1.1, we shall consider a new orientation of our graph. Thus, we assume we are given two new maps H → I denoted \(h \mapsto \prime h\) and \(h \mapsto \prime\prime h\) , such that for any h ∈ H, the subset [h] of I consists precisely of h, "h. Let $${H_1} = \{ h \in H\left| {\prime h} \right.{\rm{ }} = {\rm{ }}h\prime{\rm{and}}h{\rm{ }} = {\rm{ }}h\} ;{H_2} = {\rm{ }}\{ h{\rm{ }} \in {\rm{ }}H\left| {\prime h} \right.{\rm{ }} = {\rm{ }}h{\rm{and}}h{\rm{ }} = {\rm{ }}h\prime\} .$$
27.4 STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL INSIGHTS OF DOPAMINE DYSFUNCTION REVEALED BY A DELETION IN SLC6A3

AbstractBackgroundThe human dopamine (DA) transporter (hDAT) mediates clearance of DA. Genetic variants in hDAT are associated to neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated the structural and behavioral bases of an in-frame deletion in hDAT at N336 (∆N336) associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodsThis study bridges structural biology, molecular neuroscience and organism physiology culminating in a mechanistic model that relates precise alteration in a transport cycle with behavioral manifestations.ResultsWe uncovered a previously unobserved conformation of the intracellular gate of the transporter promoted by ∆N336, representing likely the rate limiting step of the transport process. This state is defined by a “half-open and inward facing” state (HOIF) of the intracellular gate that leads to DA dysfunction. The HOIF state is regulated by a network of interactions conserved phylogenetically, as we observed it both in hDAT and in its bacterial homolog leucine transporter. We demonstrated these dysfunctions in brains of Drosophila melanogaster expressing hDAT ∆N336. These flies are hyperactive and display increased fear and impaired social interactions, traits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.DiscussionHere, we describe how a genetic variation causes DA dysfunction. In this study different techniques and discoveries came together to detail in a translational effort how rare variants in plasma membrane proteins affect complex behavior.
Robotic Management of Rectourethral Fistulas After Focal Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Objective To describe our management strategy for rectourethral fistula (RUF) after focal treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) using 2 cases as an example. Almost 50% of RUFs are associated with energy treatment modalities for PCa. The adjacent damage to healthy tissue along with limited pliability of it makes the success of the repair troublesome. There is no standardized approach for these scenarios. Materials and Methods For case 1, an 83-year-old man underwent cryotherapy for PCa. On postoperative day 14, he presented with urine per rectum. Cystoscopy confirmed the presence of an RUF. Urinary and fecal diversions were unsuccessful. Three months later, robotic surgical repair was performed. For case 2, an 85-year-old man underwent salvage therapy for PCa with high-intensity focused ultrasound after previous treatment with external beam radiation therapy. Two months postoperatively, he presented with urine per rectum. A computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of an RUF. Robotic surgical repair was subsequently performed. Results Both patients underwent robotic-assisted RUF repair, including salvage prostatectomy , rectal defect closure, and omental flap placement. In the first case, healthy urethra was present after the salvage prostatectomy, and the next step was completion of a vesicourethral anastomosis. In the second case, the next step was closure of the bladder neck and suprapubic tube placement due to the extensive tissue destruction the residual urethra. Success was confirmed with imaging studies and no reported symptoms at 9 and 4 months, respectively. Conclusion The robotic system is useful for the treatment of a complicated RUF. The optimal reconstruction strategy depends on the ability to reach the distal urethra, the patients' characteristics, and preferences.
Medication management in older adults and interprofessional education: A needs assessment

Elderly, multi-morbid patients are at high risk for suffering adverse drug events. Safe medication management is a key process in preventing these adverse events, and requires interprofessional teamwork. We performed a needs assessment survey of graduating medical students and faculty to evaluate student training in medication management, in particular students' preparedness in the three minimum geriatrics competencies pertaining to medication management, interprofessional educational opportunities, and optimal learning methods. Response rates were 45/105 (43%) for students and 38/93 (41%) for faculty. The majority of students felt that they did not receive sufficient training in medication management in older adults. Faculty either agreed with students or were unsure whether students received sufficient training. Neither students nor faculty felt that students were extremely prepared to carry out the three minimum geriatrics competencies at the time of medical school graduation. Students and faculty identified direct patient care experiences as the optimal learning method, and inappropriate medications as the highest priority topic. Students and faculty felt that students do not receive sufficient interprofessional educational opportunities. The results of this study are currently being used to create customized interprofessional educational experiences for medical students related to medication management in older adults.
Assessment of Radiative Forcing by Light-Absorbing Particles in Snow from In Situ Observations with Radiative Transfer Modeling

AbstractIt is well established that episodic deposition of dust on mountain snow reduces snow albedo and impacts snow hydrology in the western United States, particularly in the Colorado Rockies, w...
Evaluation of Thick-Slab Overlapping MIP Images of Contrast-Enhanced 3D T1-Weighted CUBE for Detection of Intracranial Metastases: A Pilot Study for Comparison of Lesion Detection, Interpretation Time, and Sensitivity with Nonoverlapping CUBE MIP, CUBE, and Inversion-Recovery-Prepared Fast-Spoiled Gradient Recalled Brain Volume.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early and accurate identification of cerebral metastases is important for prognostication and treatment planning although this process is often time consuming and labor intensive, especially with the hundreds of images associated with 3D volumetric imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of thick-slab overlapping MIPs constructed from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted CUBE (overlapping CUBE MIP) for the detection of brain metastases in comparison with traditional CUBE and inversion-recovery prepared fast-spoiled gradient recalled brain volume (IR-FSPGR-BRAVO) and nonoverlapping CUBE MIP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 48 patients with cerebral metastases was performed at our institution from June 2016 to October 2017. Brain MRIs, which were acquired on multiple 3T scanners, included gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted IR-FSPGR-BRAVO and CUBE, with subsequent generation of nonoverlapping CUBE MIP and overlapping CUBE MIP. Two blinded radiologists identified the total number and location of metastases on each image type. The Cohen κ was used to determine interrater agreement. Sensitivity, interpretation time, and lesion contrast-to-noise ratio were assessed. RESULTS: Interrater agreement for identification of metastases was fair-to-moderate for all image types (κ = 0.222–0.598). The total number of metastases identified was not significantly different across the image types. Interpretation time for CUBE MIPs was significantly shorter than for CUBE and IR-FSPGR-BRAVO, saving at least 50 seconds per case on average (P CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the use of overlapping CUBE MIP or nonoverlapping CUBE MIP for the detection of brain metastases can reduce interpretation time without sacrificing sensitivity, though the contrast-to-noise ratio of lesions is highest for overlapping CUBE MIP.
Gait Speed Is Not Associated with Vasogenic Shock or Cardiogenic Shock following Cardiac Surgery, but Is Associated with Increased Hospital Length of Stay.

Objective. Frailty has been associated with adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery. Gait speed has been validated as a marker of frailty. Slow gait speed has been found to be associated with mortality after cardiac surgery. However, it is unknown why slow gait speed predisposes to cardiac surgical mortality. Design. A retrospective analysis. Participants. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery who had a 5-meter walk test performed preoperatively ( of 1735 total surgical patients) from January 2013 to March 2017. Setting. A tertiary care academic hospital. Measurements and main results. Gait speeds were stratified by tertiles: 1 m/s. There was no difference in the incidence of cardiogenic or vasogenic shock when comparing the gait speed groups. Total hospital length of stay was significantly different among the gait speed groups ( ). Also, patients in the slowest gait speed tertile had a significant association with need for a postoperative permanent pacemaker ( ). Conclusion. There was no significant association between gait speed and the incidence of cardiogenic or vasogenic shock after cardiac surgery. Gait speed was associated with increased hospital length of stay and need for a permanent pacemaker after cardiac surgery.
A Strategic Review of BiH’s Bilateral Relations with the Major Powers

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BiH) emergence as a sovereign state was indelibly marked by the role of the international community, both during the Bosnian War and since then. In this regard, the role of the US, the UK, Germany, Turkey, and Russia is especially important. These five states have most influenced BiH as a polity and it is toward them that the brunt of Sarajevo’s foreign policy is directed. Accordingly, this chapter first situates the exercise of foreign policy in BiH in a domestic and international context precisely because the country’s modern statehood is so directly tied to international mediation and intervention. Second, the chapter shifts toward examining in more detail Sarajevo’s relationship with each of the previously noted powers.
The dynamical Roche lobe in hierarchical triples

The Roche lobe formalism describes mass transfer from one star to another. We develop an extension to hierarchical triples, considering the case in which a star donates mass to a companion which is itself a binary. The L1 point moves as the inner binary rotates, and the Roche lobe pulsates with the period of the inner binary. Signatures of mass transfer may therefore be imprinted with the orbital period of the inner binary. For some system parameters, the pulsing Roche lobe can drive mass transfer at high rates. Systems undergoing this type of mass transfer include those with inner binaries consisting of compact objects that will eventually merge, as well as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.
Elder Play: Preliminary Research Results on How Older Adults Learn Through Motorcycling:

The purpose of this research is to explore how older adults learn through play, which I denote as elder play. There is little research on how adults learn through play. This preliminary research us...
A Different Angle on Perspective.

SummaryWhen a plane figure is photographed from different viewpoints, lengths and angles appear distorted. Hence it is often assumed that lengths, angles, protractors, and compasses have no place in projective geometry. Here we describe a sense in which certain angles are preserved by projective transformations. These angles can be constructed with compass and straightedge on existing projective images, giving insights into photography and perspective drawing.