cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verbal materials for adult aphasics in a letter-prediction task.

Summary The principal assumption under test was that redundant spaces, as determined by unanimity of correct responses by 10 normal adults, are equally simple for aphasic persons to predict. This is not the case. Paragraphs may be predicted in the same manner and be unequal in difficulty as measured by correct responses. This difference is not revealed by pooling the relative uncertainty of equally spaced data points in different paragraphs and using uncertainty or diversity among the 20 responses per data point as the criterion. This is not inconsistent with the earlier finding. If the spaces are unequal in ease of prediction, then they would probably be unequal in the diversity of the results, space by space. As these inequalities are pooled the unsystematic differences would tend to cancel each other. The basic fact is that a redundant space, based on 10 normal predictors, is not a tenable generalization, at least when extended to aphasic predictors. This does not alter the usefulness of the material for repeated measures and for comparisons with counter balanced stimuli.
Preliminary Characterization of Parachute Wake Recontact

A series of tests was conducted on a 10-ft.-diameter ringslot parachute with a geometric porosity of 20% to establish the conditions under which ''wake recontact'' occurs. The vertical helicopter drop tests covered a range of mass ratios from 0.5 to 3.0 and a range of Froude numbers from 70 to 400. Data consisted of velocity time histories obtained using a laser tracker and diameter time histories obtained from photometric data. A collapse parameter based on the ratio of the maximum parachute diameter to the subsequent minimum diameter was correlated with the mass ratio M/sub R/ and the Froude number Fr or equivalently with the initial to final velocity ratio V/sub o//V/sub t/. For large values of V/sub o//V/sub t/ the collapse parameter R/sub c/ appears to be a function of M/sub R/ alone. Non-dimensional opening time and ''collapse time'' data were also correlated with M/sub R/ and V/sub o//V/sub t/. 11 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Recolonization of the intertidal and shallow subtidal community following the 2008 eruption of Alaska's Kasatochi Volcano

Abstract. The intertidal and nearshore benthic communities of Kasatochi Island are described following a catastrophic volcanic eruption in 2008. Prior to the eruption, the island was surrounded by a dense bed of canopy-forming dragon kelp Eualaria fistulosa which supported a productive nearshore community. The eruption extended the coastline of the island approximately 400 m offshore to roughly the 20 m isobath. One year following the eruption a reconnaissance survey found the intertidal zone devoid of life. Subtidally, the canopy kelp, as well as limited understory algal species and associated benthic fauna on the hard substratum, were buried by debris from the eruption. The resulting substrate was comprised almost entirely of medium and coarse sands with a depauperate benthic community. Comparisons of habitat and biological communities with other nearby Aleutian Islands and the Icelandic submarine volcanic eruption of Surtsey confirm dramatic reductions in flora and fauna consistent with the initial stages of recovery from a large-scale disturbance event. Four and five years following the eruption brief visits revealed dramatic intertidal and subtidal recolonization of the flora and fauna in some areas. Signs of nesting and fledging of young pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba suggest that the recovery of the nearshore biota may have begun affecting higher trophic levels. Recolonization or lack thereof was tied to bathymetric changes from coastal and nearshore erosion over the study period.
Performance analysis of PSK systems in the presence of slow fading, imperfect carrier phase recovery, and AWGN

Using Fourier series expansion and associated Legendre functions, the average bit error probability (BEP) of the binary and quaternary phase shift keying (BPSK and QPSK, respectively) on a single channel (no diversity) in the presence of different kinds of slow fading channels (Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, and Rician), phase recovery error, and additive white Gaussian noise has been evaluated. The detection loss and phase precision for both of BPSK and QPSK have been calculated. The series expressions of the average BEP proposed in this study are found to be converged with reasonable number of terms. The accuracy of the results is verified by computer simulation. The main contribution relies on the integral definition of the associated Legendre functions, which leads to BEP expressions involving associated Legendre functions of the first and second kinds. Although the approach is devoted for the PSK systems, it can be extended easily to other modulation schemes and noise impairments.
Mixed convection analysis in large baffled rectangular chambers with internal heat sources

Abstract An investigation to determine the effects of mixed convection on the flow structure of large baffled chambers with internal heat sources has been completed. Baffles and internal heat sources are placed symmetrically about the vertical axis while maintaining a constant and uniform inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall temperature. Time-dependent experimental and two-dimensional numerical results are compared at various chamber locations to demonstrate the transition of the flow structure through a sequence of bifurcations with increasing internal heat source temperatures.
Heterogeneous osteoblastic activity in the right ischium of unclear etiology seen on NaF18-PET/CT

We present the case of a 54 year old white male with a history of lumbar spondylolisthesis and hip arthralgia, which prompted a hip X-ray. The X-ray showed hip arthritis as well as a sclerotic lesion in the right femur concerning for possible metastasis. He was then referred for a NaF18-PET/CT bone scan to exclude metastatic bone disease. The NaF18-PET/CT study did not show evidence of osteoblastic activity in the sclerotic right femoral lesion, but showed an incidental finding of an ill-defined intense and heterogeneous osteoblastic activity affecting the entire right ischium concerning for malignancy due to the level of activity and heterogeneity. This lesion was followed up with MRI imaging. MRI imaging has been stable and the final diagnosis is favored to be chronic avulsion injury. If a case such as ours is encountered in everyday practice, the possibility of a benign traumatic etiology should be given high consideration.
NASA's small planetary mission plan released

A ten-page report just submitted to Congress outlines a new strategy for NASA planetary programs emphasizing small missions. If implemented, this plan would represent a shift away from large “flagship” missions that have characterized many programs of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division. There are a number of reasons for this shift in strategy. The current NASA appropriations bill requires “a plan to stimulate and develop small planetary or other space science projects, emphasizing those which could be accomplished by the academic or research communities.” Budgetary realities make it more difficult to fly large missions. There is also concern about a “significant gap” in data from planetary missions between 1998 and 2004.
WINNING ESSAY: 1998 LAW SCHOOL ESSAY CONTEST

Courts are frequently confronted with children who, regardless of court orders, refuse to visit their noncustodial parents. This article examines the possible alternatives to holding a child, or parent, in contempt for such behavior. Furthermore, solutions and ideas that better serve the needs of children and parents in these highly volatile family situations will also be explored.
Gravimetric Method for Determining Stage of an Obligate Internally Feeding Stored-Product Insect Pest, the Cowpea Weevil

We conducted two experiments to develop a gravimetric method for determining the stadia of Callosobruchus maculatus developing in cowpeas. An important step was to develop regres- sion equations for predicting weight changes in uninfested cowpeas to correct for changes that occur in weight as a result of changing environmental conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. This was vital because we needed to have a way of determining weight changes in infested peas that were caused by the insects developing within them; even the weight of uninfested peas changed over the course of the experiments. The observed weight of each infested pea was corrected based on the proportion weight change in uninfested peas each time weighing was done to get an estimate of the cumulative change in weight caused by the presence of the insect. For each infested pea, cumulative change in weight was plotted against time, and plots were analyzed to determine whether a pattern existed that could be used to consistently distinguish stadia. In the second experiment we used an ultrasonic detector to validate results from the gravimetric method. We found that the gravimetric method provided accurate information on duration of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of C. maculatus; however, the gravimetric method could not reliably distinguish the four larval stages of C. maculatus. Our paper also discusses practical applications of the gravimetric method for determining the stadia of internally feeding insects in the context of the current and previous research.
Topical chemoprevention of skin cancer in mice, using combined inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase-2

Objective: Skin cancer is the most common cancer, and often occurs in the head and neck region. This study aimed to investigate whether a combination of inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase, applied via a microemulsion delivery system, would be effective in topically inhibiting skin carcinogenesis. Study design: Randomised animal study. Methods: Twenty-four nude mice were intradermally inoculated with carcinoma cells and then divided into three groups (eight animals each): group one received no treatment; group two received celecoxib alone; and group three received a combination of zileuton and celecoxib. Tumour incidence and growth were measured for 14 days. Results: Both treatments significantly delayed the onset and development of tumours. However, the combined treatment had the best response ( p Conclusion: The results clearly showed that topical treatment with either celecoxib alone or celecoxib plus zileuton significantly inhibited skin carcinogenesis, and that a combination of both agents had the best results.
On the classification of magnetic cataclysmic variables

Resumen es: Se presenta un esquema para clasi car las Variables Cataclsmicas Magneticas (MCVs). Cuando las MCVs descubiertas eran diez o veinte fue sencillo clas...
Probability Theory in the Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome

In the differential diagnosis of patients in whom Cushing's syndrome is suspected, the physician uses clinical signs and simple laboratory data in addition to information gained from past experiences to make a decision concerning the probability of the diagnosis and the need for further investigation. He usually does not make an explicit formulation of either the information or the reasoning process leading to his decision. This report is an examination of an explicit method for estimating the probability of Cushing's syndrome in patients in whom this diagnosis is suspected, using clinical signs and simple laboratory techniques, not including steroid analyses. The clinical and nonsteroid laboratory data of 211 patients investigated for Cushing's syndrome were examined to determine the incidence of the signs of the syndrome in the patients with and without the disorder. These data were used to calculate the probability of Cushing's syndrome in 111 additional patients examined because Cushing's syndrome was...
BAP sparsing: a novel approach to MPEG-4 body animation parameter compression

The MPEG-4 standard includes support not only for natural video and audio, but also for synthetic graphics and sounds. In the MPEG-4 specifications, body animation parameters (BAPs) and body definition parameters (BDPs) allow virtual bodies and their animation to be compressed using a standard compression pipeline comprising of quantization, predictive encoding and arithmetic coding of these parameters. In this paper, we propose and implement a new stage within the standard prediction-based compression pipeline for the BAPs, termed as BAP sparsing. BAP sparsing compresses a complete block of motion data, consisting of an initial 1-frame followed by subsequent P-frames, required for creating the animation. It exploits the inherent hierarchical structure of the human skeletal model to intelligently drop and modify the P-frames, while preserving animation quality. BAP sparsing is shown to result in superior compression of the BAP data, with negligible loss in the motion animation quality. It is also shown to result in a lower network throughput requirement and fewer CPU cycles on the client end to create the animation. The proposed method is particularly well suited for animation using BAP data.
Pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases.

A number of non-infectious systemic diseases frequently include pulmonary lesions as a part of the picture. Among these, scleroderma presents the most characteristic and widely recognized findings, and rheumatoid arthritis the least frequently seen. Other diseases in this group with pulmonary manifestations include lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever, periarteritis nodosa, and erythema nodosum. No pulmonary involvement is reported in dermatomyositis. Although the pulmonary lesions in these diseases are not sufficiently characteristic to lead to a diagnosis, they may give rise to suspicion; also, there may be confusion with other processes, such as tuberculosis and carcinoma.
Three distinct axonal transport rates for tau, tubulin, and other microtubule-associated proteins: evidence for dynamic interactions of tau with microtubules in vivo.

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), such as tau, modulate neuronal shape and process outgrowth by influencing the stability and organization of microtubules. The dynamic nature of MAP-microtubule interactions in vivo, however, is poorly understood. Here, we have assessed the stability of these interactions by investigating the synthesis and axoplasmic transport of tau in relation to that of tubulin and other MAPs within retinal ganglion cells of normal adult mice in vivo. Using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis with anti-tau monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we unequivocally identified in optic axons a family of 50–60 kDa tau isoforms and a second 90–95 KDa tau family, the members of which were shown to contain the domain of tau encoded by exon 4A. To measure the rates of translocation of tau proteins in vivo, we injected mice with 35S- methionine intravitreously and, after 6–30 d, quantitated the radiolabeled tau isoforms immunoprecipitated from eight consecutive 1.1 mm segments of the nerve and optic tract and separated by electrophoresis. Linear regression analysis of protein transport along optic axons showed that the tau isoforms advanced at a rate of 0.2–0.4 mm/d, and other radiolabeled MAPs, identified by their association with taxol-stabilized microtubules, moved three- to fivefold more rapidly. By contrast, tubulins advanced at 0.1–0.2 mm/d, significantly more slowly than tau or other MAPs. These studies establish that tau is not cotransported with tubulin or microtubules, indicating that associations of tau with microtubules within axons are not as stable as previously believed. Our findings also reveal differences among various MAPs in their interactions with microtubules and provide evidence that assembly and reorganization of the microtubule network is an active process even after axons establish connections and fully mature.
Robust Docosahexaenoic Acid–Mediated Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Transient, Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), an ω-3 essential fatty acid family member, is the precursor of neuroprotectin D1, which downregulates apoptosis and, in turn, promotes cell survival. This study was conducted to assess whether DHA would show neuroprotective efficacy when systemically administered in different doses after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Methods— Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to 2 hour of MCAo. Animals were treated with either DHA (low doses=3.5 or 7 mg/kg; medium doses=16 or 35 mg/kg; and high dose=70 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline intravenously 3 hours after MCAo onset. Neurologic status was evaluated during occlusion (60 minutes) and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 after MCAo. Seven days after MCAo, brains were perfusion-fixed, and infarct areas and volumes were determined. Results— Only the low and medium doses of DHA significantly improved the neurologic score compared with vehicle-treated rats at 24 hou...
Source independence and the EPR paradox

It is shown that the lines of action between the photon pairs resulting from a positronium decay are not necessarily in line with the original positronium atom. It is also shown why this «source-independent» effect is not normally observed, although it is observable in principle. Moreover we discuss our initial concerns and some conclusions as they bear on the theory of measurement in quantum mechanics. Source-independence is shown to give a satisfactory response to a special form of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox involving pairs of position measurements. It also leads to a nonlocal relationship between position measurements that depends on the width of the position detectors.
Dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan attenuate levels of CGRP in plasma in rat superior sagittal sinus during electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion.

Vasoactive neuropeptides, present in unmyelinated C-fibers, can be released from perivascular sensory axons by antidromic stimulation, to mediate vasodilation and extravasation of plasma protein (neurogenic inflammation). In this report, the effects of antidromic trigeminal stimulation on levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in plasma were examined in the superior sagittal sinus and the effects of drugs that have been shown previously to block extravasation of neurogenic plasma determined. The levels of immunoreactive CGRP in plasma were measured both before and during electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion (0.1-1.0 mA, 5 msec, 5 Hz, 3-5 min), using a highly specific and sensitive immunochemiluminometric assay. Levels of CGRP increased and became maximal within the first minute of stimulation. The increases were detectable at intensities of current as small as 0.1 mA. Peak levels related to the intensity of the stimulus. Samples from femoral arterial blood did not show concomitant increases at 1 min. Pretreatment with dihydroergotamine (DHE) (50 micrograms/kg i.v.) did not change the baseline levels but decreased levels of CGRP during stimulation (0.3 mA), by 55% at 1 min and 50% at 3 min. Sumatriptan (GR43175) (300 micrograms/kg) attenuated the increase by 57% at 3 min (0.1 mA, 5 msec, 5 Hz) but not after 1 min of stimulation, although decreases were observed at the latter time during an individual experiment. Drug-induced attenuation of levels of CGRP in plasma may reflect inhibition of release, to thereby provide evidence to explain blockade of neurogenic extravasation of plasma.
The role of intron structures in trans-splicing and cap 4 formation for the Leishmania spliced leader RNA.

A 39-nucleotide leader istrans-spliced onto all trypanosome nuclear mRNAs. The precursor spliced leader RNA was tested for trans-splicing function in vivo by mutating the intron. We report that inLeishmania tarentolae spliced leader RNA 5′ modification is influenced by the primary sequence of stem-loop II, the Sm-binding site, and the secondary structure of stem-loop III. The sequence of stem-loop II was found to be important for cap 4 formation and splicing. As in Ascaris, mutagenesis of the bulge nucleotide in stem-loop II was detrimental totrans-splicing. Because restoration of the L. tarentolae stem-loop II structure was not sufficient to restore splicing, this result contrasts the findings in the kinetoplastidLeptomonas, where mutations that restored stem-loop II structure supported splicing. Methylation of the cap 4 structure and splicing was also dependent on both the Sm-binding site and the structure of stem-loop III and was inhibited by incomplete 3′ end processing. The critical nature of the L. tarentolaeSm-binding site is consistent with its essential role in theAscaris spliced leader RNA, whereas inLeptomonas mutation of the Sm-binding site and deletion of stem-loop III did not affect trans-splicing. A pathway forLeishmania spliced leader RNA processing and maturation is proposed.
Identification and Characterization of Epoxide Carboxylase Activity in Cell Extracts of Nocardia corallina B276

The metabolism of aliphatic epoxides (epoxyalkanes) by the alkene-utilizing actinomycete Nocardia corallina B276 was investigated. Suspensions of N. corallina cells grown with propylene as the carbon source readily degraded propylene and epoxypropane, while suspensions of glucose-grown cells did not. The addition of propylene and epoxypropane to glucose-grown cells resulted in a time-dependent increase in propylene- and epoxypropane-degrading activities that was prevented by the addition of rifampin and chloramphenicol. The expression of alkene- and epoxide-degrading activities was correlated with the high-level expression of several polypeptides not present in extracts of glucose-grown cells. Epoxypropane and epoxybutane degradation by propylene-grown cell suspensions of N. corallina was stimulated by the addition of CO2 and inhibited by the depletion of CO2. Cell extracts catalyzed the carboxylation of epoxypropane to form acetoacetate in a reaction that was dependent on the addition of CO2, NAD+, and a reductant (NADPH or dithiothreitol). In the absence of CO2, epoxypropane was isomerized by cell extracts to form acetone at a rate approximately 10-fold lower than the rate of epoxypropane carboxylation. Methylepoxypropane was found to be a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of epoxyalkane-degrading activity. These properties demonstrate that epoxyalkane metabolism in N. corallina occurs by a carboxylation reaction forming β-keto acids as products and provide evidence for the involvement in this reaction of an epoxide carboxylase with properties and cofactor requirements similar to those of the four-component epoxide carboxylase enzyme system of the gram-negative bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 (J. R. Allen and S. A. Ensign, J. Biol. Chem. 272:32121–32128, 1997). The addition of epoxide carboxylase component I from Xanthobacter strain Py2 to methylepoxypropane-inactivated N. corallina extracts restored epoxide carboxylase activity, and the addition of epoxide carboxylase component II from Xanthobacter Py2 to active N. corallina extracts stimulated epoxide isomerase rates to the same levels observed with the purified Xanthobacter system. Antibodies raised against Xanthobacter strain Py2 epoxide carboxylase component I cross-reacted with a polypeptide in propylene-grown N. corallina extracts with the same molecular weight as component I but did not cross-react with glucose-grown extracts. Together, these results suggest a common pathway of epoxyalkane metabolism for phylogenetically distinct bacteria that involves CO2 fixation and the activity of a multicomponent epoxide carboxylase enzyme system.
Rapidly growing squamous-cell carcinoma of the hand in a renal transplant recipient: a case report.

More than 17,500 renal transplant operations are being performed in the United States each year, with a five-year survival rate of 82% for cadaveric and 91% for living donor sources1,2. Although the risk for the development of all forms of cancer rises after transplant, the risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer increases most dramatically, rising sixtyfold to ninetyfold in the first three years after renal transplant3. In renal transplant recipients, squamous-cell carcinomas are the predominant form of skin cancer4-6, and these tumors have a greater tendency than both basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma to grow and become rapidly invasive in this population6-9. Because cancer is the third leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients in the United States (with heart disease and infection leading the list)1, and because deaths as a result of rapid metastases in this population have been reported10, recognition of and early treatment for this malignant disease are extremely important. We present the case of a rapidly enlarging squamous-cell carcinoma of the hand in an immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he consented. A sixty-two-year-old man presented to the orthopaedic hand clinic in June 2009 with a mass on the dorsum of his right hand. One year earlier, he had received a living-donor renal transplant, performed for chronic renal failure secondary to glomerulonephritis, and, per protocol, he had been maintained on immunosuppressive medications, including tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone, since the transplant procedure. Approximately six months after the transplant operation, the patient noticed a rapidly enlarging lesion on the dorsum of the right hand. The lesion was initially treated as an infection by the nephrologist and internist …
Exploring supplier performance risk and the buyer's role using chance-constrained data envelopment analysis

Current sourcing paradigms are described by greater complexity in managing suppliers' performance in purchasing cycle execution, product quality and logistics competence. When we combine the stages of the order fulfillment cycle with the buyer's information sharing factors, a more complete view of the buyer-supplier exchange becomes useful for performance evaluation of both the suppliers and the buyers. Using operational data obtained from a large telecommunications firm, which placed strategic importance on measuring the performance in the purchase order fulfillment cycle stages, this study offers a new context for supplier evaluation. This context also conceptualizes several on-time delivery disruption scenarios as supplier delivery performance risk, and investigates the sensitivity of both the buyer's information sharing and the suppliers’ performance capabilities to on-time delivery disruptions. We evaluate supplier performance and segment suppliers through recourse to chance-constrained data envelopment analysis at high and low discriminatory power levels. Our results show that there are statistically significant relationships between the dimensions of information sharing by the buying firm and the classification of supplier firms at varying levels of on-time delivery performance risk. We also identify robust suppliers demonstrating the capability to remain efficient across disruption levels despite poor buyer performance on information sharing factors, and provide managerial insights on buyer-supplier exchange.
The Influence of Video Reflection on Preservice Music Teachers’ Concerns in Peer- and Field-Teaching Settings:

The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice music teacher concerns as stated in written reflections before and after video feedback. Nineteen preservice music teachers enrolled in instr...
Streaming Availability and Library Circulation: An Exploratory Study.

The contents of a popular film and television video collection at a mid-sized university totaling 2,242 items were examined for availability and total number of checkouts on three major streaming services: Netflix, Hulu and Amazon Prime. A total of 1026 titles were coded for availability on Netflix and Hulu. Then, 454 items were coded for availability on Amazon Instant. It was found that total circulation counts changed depending on the streaming services used. Specifically only Hulu was found to correlate negatively. Library titles available on Netflix Streaming had more charges on average then titles not available on Netflix streaming. Titles available on Amazon Instant were twice as likely to circulate then items not available on Amazon Instant. This leads to the possibility that Amazon Instant might be used as collection development tool in order to gauge how often certain DVD title could circulate. In addition it can be concluded that availability over subscription streaming services, such as Netflix and Amazon Instant, actually points to items that may circulate more frequently.
Foreign Direct Investment: Replacing The Contract Of Work System In Indonesia

Indonesia created a novel system to administer Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in mining. This Contract of Work (CoW) system served the country well from 1967 up to 1997 until the national political (democracy revolution) and economic (Asian Currency) crisis, coupled with the Busang fiasco (where large scale fraud in gold discovery claims caused billions in losses) led to total collapse and cessation of FDI in the countrys extraction industry. Since the stabilization of the political and economic framework in Indonesia after free elections in 1999, the government has attempted to create a new law to replace the CoW system which was finally passed in December 2008. This paper evaluates the new proposals and compares them to the previously successful system and suggests concerns and reforms that need be addressed. Specific focus is placed on issues of security of tenure, taxation and royalties, local government involvement, and environmental damage.
Autoradiography of carbon-14 labeled isoniazid in brain.

SummaryGross autoradiograms of brain slices containing C-14 labeled Isoniazid, together with supportive data from radioactivity assay, are presented to show the differential localization of Isoniazid in brain tissue, and the technic is described. Future studies to determine the relationship between brain vascularity and brain drug content are indicated.
Effects of Crystalline Microstructure on Epitaxial Morphology

In the past simulations of epitaxial growth have used solid-on-solid (SOS) models to simulate the crystalline structure of both the substrate and the growing crystal. These models have produced results in the early stages of growth in good agreement with experiments for a number of different quantities, including the island density and the island size distribution. For multilayer growth, however, there exists a competition between microscopic effects such as the Ehrlich-Schwoebel step barrier and the crystalline microstructure. Therefore, the crystal structure and geometry are important in determining the dynamics and evolution of epitaxial structure and morphology. We present the results of large-scale realistic kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of multilayer epitaxial growth on fcc(100) and bcc(100) surfaces. The influence of crystal structure on the formation and coarsening of mounds and facets is discussed. We also discuss and compare our results with recent experiments.
Transeyelid Supraperiosteal (Preperiosteal) Midface Lifting

The surgical aims of midface lifting are to restore the inferiorly displaced midfacial tissues to their youthful anatomic position through vertical elevation and repositioning. Lifting of these tissues along with concurrent lower eyelid blepharoplasty and repositioning of fat over the orbital rim may provide added benefi t in camoufl age of the doubleconvexity facial profi le of the aging face.
The effects of moist entropy and moisture budgets on tropical cyclone development

This paper examines the moist entropy and moisture budgets in tropical cyclones, as well as their relation to tropical cyclone's development. This analysis focuses on the dropsonde data collected during Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel project and the accompanying satellite data. Two tropical cyclones of interest are Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2013) and Hurricane Edouard (2014). There were three research flights into Gabrielle (2013), during its nondeveloping and decaying stages. Edouard (2014) was visited four times in different stages of its life cycle, twice during the intensification and twice during the decay. Also, we extended our analysis on the larger data set, consisting of 11 nonintensifying and 12 intensifying systems. Our study shows that the moist entropy tends to increase during intensification and decrease during nonintensifying stages. On the other hand, the moisture budget relates better to the tropical cyclone's current intensity than its development. The sign of the moist entropy tendency depends on the ability of surface fluxes and irreversible moist entropy generation to overcome lateral export of moist entropy and loss due to radiative cooling. Edouard's decay during the last research flight was likely the result of increasing wind shear and low sea surface temperatures. During its decay, Gabrielle had strong column-integrated lateral export of moist entropy and drying between 1 and 4 km height. This is probably the consequence of a dry environment at multiple levels, amplified by a warm and dry anomaly left behind by previous convective activity.
Applications of CFD for Hypersonic Propulsion

This paper presents an overview of research activity on the application of CFD for hypersonic propulsion systems. Topics reviewed are: Propulsion system integration, typical computations for propulsion components (generic inlet, simple and complex combustion chambers,and nozzle), and CFD code validation issues. A prognosis for the success of CFD in design of future propulsion system is offered.
Why might poor sleep quality lead to depression? A role for emotion regulation

Disordered sleep is strongly linked to future depression, but the reasons for this link are not well understood. This study tested one possibility - that poorer sleep impairs emotion regulation (ER), which over time leads to increased depressive symptoms. Our sample contained individuals with a wide range of depression symptoms (current depression, N = 54, remitted depression, N = 36, and healthy control, N = 53), who were followed clinically over six months and reassessed for changes in depressive symptom levels. As predicted, maladaptive ER mediated both cross-sectional and prospective relationships between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. In contrast, an alternative mediator, physical activity levels, did not mediate the link between sleep quality and depression symptoms. Maladaptive ER may help explain why sleep difficulties contribute to depression symptoms; implications for interventions are discussed.
Mortality burden and prognosis of thin melanomas overall and by subcategory of thickness, SEER registry data, 1992-2013.

Background Thin melanomas cause a high death toll despite excellent prognosis. Objective We examined melanoma mortality burden and prognosis by categories of thickness within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 13 Registry 1992-2013. Methods We divided 49,319 stage I and II melanoma cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 into T1 through T4 and then subdivided T1 into 0.01-0.25 mm, 0.26-0.50 mm, 0.51-0.75 mm, and 0.76-1.00 mm categories. We determined the number and proportion of deaths due to melanoma within 10 years of diagnosis for each thickness category and proportions within T1 subcategories with ulceration. Results We confirmed prognosis worsened as melanoma thickened from T1 to T4; however, most deaths resulted from melanomas that were diagnosed at the T1 stage. The smallest number of deaths within T1 resulted from 0.01-0.25 mm–thick melanomas; however, the risk for death within 10 years was greater for those diagnosed with melanoma when tumor depth was 0.01-0.25 mm than for those diagnosed when tumor depth was 0.26-0.50 mm. Prognosis worsened with depths starting at 0.51 mm. The pattern within T1 was not explained by ulceration. Limitations We did not evaluate melanoma subtype, mitotic rate, or other associated features. Conclusion Thin melanomas are a substantial public health burden. Efforts should be made to diagnose melanoma at the in situ stage.
Estimating Forest Recreation Demand Using Count Data Models

Forests, along with related natural areas such as mountains, lakes, and rivers, provide opportunities for a wide variety of recreational activities. Although the recreational services supplied by forested areas produce value for the consumers of those services, the measurement of recreational value is complicated by the fact that access to most natural areas is non-priced. Because outdoor recreation often competes with commodity uses of forests, such as timber harvesting or mineral extraction, failure to account for the recreational use of forest land makes it impossible to determine the efficient use of forest resources.
Characterization of Glcci1 expression in a subpopulation of lateral ganglionic eminence progenitors in the mouse telencephalon.

Background The lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) in the ventral telencephalon is a diverse progenitor domain subdivided by distinct gene expression into a dorsal region (dLGE) that gives rise to olfactory bulb and amygdalar interneurons and a ventral region (vLGE) that gives rise to striatal projection neurons. The homeobox gene, Gsx2, is an enriched marker of the LGE and is expressed in a high dorsal to low ventral gradient in the ventricular zone (VZ) as development proceeds. Aside from Gsx2, markers restricted to the VZ in the dLGE and/or vLGE remain largely unknown. Results Here, we show that the gene and protein expression of Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (Glcci1) has a similar dorsal to ventral gradient of expression in the VZ as Gsx2. We found that Glcci1 gene and protein expression are reduced in Gsx2 mutants, and are increased in the cortex after early and late Gsx2 misexpression. Moreover, Glcci1 expressing cells are restricted to a subpopulation of Gsx2 positive cells on the basal side of the VZ and co-express Ascl1, but not the subventricular zone dLGE marker, Sp8. Conclusions These findings suggest that Glcci1 is a new marker of a subpopulation of LGE VZ progenitor cells in the Gsx2 lineage. Developmental Dynamics 247:222-228, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance and Return to Sport After Clavicle Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in National Football League Players

Background:Clavicle fractures are common injuries in professional football. Surgical fixation of these injuries may lead to decreased nonunion rates, improved shoulder strength, and decreased resid...
Idiopathic bilateral central artery occlusion in a young woman.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is uncommon among children and young adults. Bilateral CRAO before the age of 18 years are extremely rare. We present a case of an idiopathic bilateral CRAO in a young healthy female.
Escaping Identity Loss: Bouncing Back to Create a New Positive Work Identity

Although individuals often value work identities, sometimes events lead to the termination of these identities, creating a situation in which people struggle to find a new positive work identity. B...
On the Tax Efficiency of Startup Firms

We examine the choice of organizational structure for VC-backed startup firms. These firms overwhelmingly organize as C-corporations rather than as tax advantaged limited liability companies (LLCs). This results in foregone tax savings of $43.9 billion, or 4.9% of the total equity invested in the sample firms. The decision is puzzling given plausible estimates of the direct costs involved, but appears related to ‘hassle,’ and other transition costs generated by participants implementing a new form. Firms with more employees and investors are likely to choose the C-corporation. VCs appear to prefer the C-corporation form, as receiving VC money is associated with most LLC firms switching to a C-corporation within 30 days. Greater VC preferences for C-corporations are linked to a preference for familiarity, and less attention to taxes.
Diet and food availability of the Virginia northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus ): implications for dispersal in a fragmented forest

A history of timber harvest in West Virginia has reduced red spruce (Picea rubens) forests to < 10% of their historic range and resulted in considerable habitat fragmentation for wildlife species associated with these forests. The Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) has been described as a red spruce obligate subspecies that must traverse this fragmented landscape to disperse among remnant red spruce patches. Food availability in the forest matrix surrounding red spruce may be a limiting factor to successful dispersal of G. s. fuscus. We examined the diet of flying squirrels using stable isotope analysis and used vegetation surveys to determine the availability of diet items in the habitats encountered by G. s. fuscus in the matrix surrounding red spruce fragments. Stable isotope analysis suggested hypogeous fungi, epigeous fungi, and invertebrates contributed the most to the diet of G. s. fuscus, followed by lichen. Tree buds contributed the least in spring, and beechnuts contributed the least in fall. The vegetation surveys revealed that no habitat type had a greater availability of the diet items that contributed most to the assimilated diet of G. s. fuscus, suggesting that stand age and structure may be more important for diet-item availability than habitat type.
Digital Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Methylation (DREAM)

Digital Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Methylation (DREAM) is a method for quantitative mapping of DNA methylation across genomes using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The method is based on sequential cuts of genomic DNA with a pair of restriction enzymes (SmaI and XmaI) at CCCGGG target sites. Unmethylated sites are first digested with SmaI. This enzyme cuts the sites in the middle at CCC^GGG, leaving behind blunt ended fragments. CpG methylation completely blocks SmaI; therefore, only unmethylated sites are cleaved. The remaining methylated sites are digested with XmaI in the next step. This enzyme is not blocked by CpG methylation. It cuts the recognition site sideways at C^CCGGG forming 5'-CCGG overhangs. The sequential cuts thus create distinct methylation-specific signatures at the ends of restriction fragments: 5'-GGG for unmethylated CpG sites and 5'-CCGGG for methylated sites. The DNA fragments resulting from the digestions are ligated to NGS adapters. Sequencing libraries are prepared using hexanucleotide barcodes for sample identification. Individual libraries with distinct barcodes are pooled and sequenced using a paired ends protocol. The sequencing reads are aligned to the genome and mapped to unique CCCGGG target sites. Methylation at individual CpG sites is calculated as the ratio of sequencing reads with the methylated signature to the total number of reads mapping to the site. Sequencing of 25 million reads per sample typically yields 50,000 unique CpG sites covered with hundreds of reads enabling accurate determination of DNA methylation levels. DREAM does not require bisulfite conversion, has a very low background, and has high sensitivity to low levels of methylation. The method is simple, cost-effective, quantitative, highly reproducible, and can be applied to any species.
Democracy and Civic Ecology: New Urbanism

After an introduction to New Urbanism’s founders, goals, and design strategies, the chapter hones in on one figure, Peter Calthorpe, for whom a foundational concept is “philosophic ecology,” which provides a foil to and an implicit critique of built spaces that eschew planning and regulation in favor of an unconstrained market. Though the jury is still out on what New Urbanism has accomplished, it is argued that new urbanist experiments should receive further support because, compared to the modernist style of Moses or suburban sprawl, New Urbanism has at least attempted to redress an imbalance between the private and public, has attempted to reconstitute some notion of the Commons, and has also made sustainability a design priority.
Replication study: androgen receptor splice variants determine taxane sensitivity in prostate cancer

In 2015, as part of the Prostate Cancer Foundation-Movember Foundation Reproducibility Initiative, we published a Registered Report (Shan et al., 2015) that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper "Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Determine Taxane Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer" (Thadani-Mulero et al., 2014). Here we report the results of those experiments. Growth of tumor xenografts from two prostate cancer xenograft lines, LuCaP 86.2, which expresses wild-type androgen receptor (AR) and AR variant 567, and LuCaP 23.1, which expresses wild-type AR and AR variant 7, were not affected by docetaxel treatment. The LuCaP 23.1 tumor xenografts grew slower than in the original study. This result is different from the original study, which reported significant reduction of tumor growth in the LuCaP 86.2. Furthermore, we were unable to detect ARv7 in the LuCaP 23.1, although we used the antibody as stated in the original study and ensured that it was detecting ARv7 via a known positive control (22rv1, Hornberg et al., 2011). Finally, we report a meta-analysis of the result.
The direct display of costimulatory proteins on tumor cells as a means of vaccination for cancer immunotherapy.

Therapeutic vaccines against cancer are at their prime, owing to our comprehensive understanding of immune effector responses generated against tumor and the mechanisms employed by the progressing tumor to evade the immune system. The immune system is primed by tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that are perceived as foreign. Therefore, the identifi cation of TAA led to the development of subunit vaccine formulations comprising defi ned TAA as stand-alone vaccines or in combination with immune adjuvants. Inasmuch as cancer cells express a diverse set of TAA, novel immunomodulatory approaches that not only use tumor cells as a source of diverse TAA but also convert them into competent antigen-presenting cells have signifi cant therapeutic potential as cell-based vaccines. Toward this end, we have developed a novel protein display approach designated as ProtEx™ as a safe and effi cient alternative to DNA-based gene expression to generate novel immunomodulatory molecules and display them on tumor cells for the development of cancer vaccines. This chapter describes the ProtEx™ technology and its application to the generation of tumor cell-based cancer vaccines.
Multiple Adenoviral Serotypes Demonstrate Host Range Extension in the New Zealand Rabbit Ocular Model

RESULTS. Ad 19 ATCC and Ad8 Cray demonstrated no apparent viral replication. The mean duration of shedding was 1.5 and 0.3 days, respectively, and the total percentage of Ad-positive eyes was 13% and 3%, respectively. In contrast to Ad 19 ATCC and Ad8 Cray, all other isolates demonstrated productive infection. The mean duration of shedding was 8 to 16 days (P < 0.0001), and the total percentage of Ad-positive eyes was 33% to 79% (P < 0.0002). The durations of shedding for Adi ATCC, Adi Kmetz, Ad2 ATCC, Ad2 Wolf, and Ad6 ATCC did not differ statistically from Ad5 McEwen, whereas Ad5 ATCC demonstrated a duration of shedding longer than all isolates (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS. This was the first demonstration of host range extension by additional clinical and reference isolates of adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, and 6 in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. These results suggested that host specificity was less stringent than previously thought. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:532-536)