cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving and Relocating: A Logical Framework of Service Migration for Software System Survivability

Given the increasing scale and complexity of cyberattacks, innovative techniques must be developed to effectively respond to intrusions and enable affected software systems to survive security incidents. In this paper, we present a logical framework to model a service migration for software system survivability. A formal logic has been developed for system activity specification in which (1) service migration is an effective mechanism that dynamically transfers critical services from a compromised platform to other clean, healthy platforms; and (2) important service characteristics (e.g., the service level and other temporal features) are preserved during and after a migration. The proposed framework provides means to represent and verify that a software system with the required properties satisfies a user's policy in terms of the desired survivability objectives.
Determination of conduction anisotropies in semiconductors

A simple theoretical method has been developed which gives the correct magnitude and form of the high electric field conduction anisotropies found experimentally in many-valley cubic semiconductors. This approach is applicable to any of the many-valley cubic semiconductors such as n-type Ge, Si, AlSb, GaAs, GaP, PbTe, and PbSe upon insertion of the appropriate parameters. A knowledge of the band structure and the assumption of randomizing scattering processes are used to calculate the longitudinal and transverse components of the current density as a function of crystallographic orientation. The results contain a phenomenological parameter which is determined by measuring j vs. E for a particular direction. The measurement of this parameter, which is dependent on temperature and carrier concentration, substitutes for a detailed calculation of the distribution function.
Crime Victimization and Political Participation

Crime victimization is an important cause of political participation. Analysis of survey data from five continents shows that individuals who report recent crime victimization participate in politics more than comparable nonvictims. Rather than becoming withdrawn or disempowered, crime victims tend to become more engaged in civic and political life. The effect of crime victimization is roughly equivalent to an additional five to ten years of education, meaning that crime victimization ranks among the most influential predictors of political participation. Prior research has shown that exposure to violence during some civil wars can result in increased political participation, but this article demonstrates that the effect of victimization extends to peacetime, to nonviolent as well as violent crimes, and across most of the world. At the same time, however, crime victimization is sometimes associated with dissatisfaction with democracy and support for authoritarianism, vigilantism, and harsh policing tactics, especially in Latin America.
Early Hemoconcentration Predicts Increased Mortality Only among Transferred Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

Background/Aims: The prognostic utility of hemoconcentration in acute pancreatitis (AP) remains controversial. Methods: We examined the relationship between early
ELEMENTS PRESENT IN LEACH SOLUTIONS FROM UNSATURATED SPENT FUEL TESTS

Preliminary results for the composition of the leachate from unsaturated tests at 90{degrees}C with spent fuel for 55--134 days with J-13 groundwater are reported. The pH of the leachate solutions was found to be acidic, ranging from 4 to 7. The actinide concentrations were 10{sup 5} greater than those reported for saturated spent fuel tests in which the leachate pH was 8. We also found that most species in the leachate were present as colloids containing both americium and curium. The presence of actinides in a form not currently included in repository radionuclide transport models provides information that can be used in spent fuel reaction modeling, the performance assessment of the repository and the design of the engineering barrier system. This report was prepared as part of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
Do software copyrights protect what programs do

A case before the European Court of Justice has significant implications for innovation and competition in the software industry.
Efficient modeling of spatially incoherent sources based on Wiener chaos expansion method for the analysis of photonic crystal spectrometers

We present an efficient model for the simulation of spatially incoherent sources based on Wiener chaos expansion (WCE) method with two orders of magnitude shorter simulation time over the brute-force model. In this model the stochastic wave propagation equation is reduced to a set of deterministic partial differential equations (PDEs) for the expansion coefficients. We further numerically solve these deterministic PDEs by finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. While the WCE method is general, we apply it to the analysis of photonic crystal spectrometers for diffuse source spectroscopy.
The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 C-3 epimer: Distribution, correlates, and reclassification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Background Little is known about the vitamin D3 epimer [3-epi-25(OH)D3], particularly in adults. We describe characteristics of the D3 epimer within the community-based ARIC cohort.
Monitoring Glutamate Release during LTP with Glial Transporter Currents

Although much has been learned about the mechanisms underlying NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), considerable debate remains as to whether LTP is expressed as an increase in the synaptic release of glutamate or as an increase in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic glutamate receptors. We have directly measured changes in the synaptic release of glutamate by recording synaptically evoked glial glutamate transporter currents with whole-cell recording. Glial cell responses were very sensitive to manipulations known to change the release of glutamate yet remained constant during LTP. These results argue strongly for a postsynaptic expression mechanism for LTP.
CHF enhancement of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 and Ag nanofluids and effect of nucleate pool boiling time

Nanofluids are nanometer sized suspended particles in water or other base fluids. They are used for their increased nucleate boiling critical heat flux (CHF) values far beyond compared to pure water or base fluid. Therefore pool boiling heat transfer tests are performed to understand increase in CHF. The pool boiling characteristics and critical heat flux enhancement using nanofluids of dilute dispersions of alumina, titania and silver are studied. High heat transfer rates with high critical heat flux achieved with modest nanoparticle concentrations (<;0.1% by volume). Heater wire used in CHF tests were only on 50μm in diameter. Change in surface structure of heater wire causes increase in CHF. Surface of the heater is covered with porous layer of nanoparticles during nucleate boiling. It is determined to investigate the effects of nucleate boiling time (coating time) during which the heater wire is exposed to deposition of nanoparticles. Results of this study presented that there is a non-linear relationship between the coating time and CHF for short periods of coating times, up to 30 seconds; however this effect loses its impact if the coating duration is elongated. It was also showed that longer periods of coating time increased the CHF but not drastically and the relationship between coating time and CHF is no longer non-linear and can be approximated by a linear line. This study represents an important step in understanding the relationship between CHF and the optimum amount of nanoparticle deposition or amount of porous layer of nanoparticles formed on heater surface with respect to nucleate boiling (coating)/time dependency.
SORT ing Out That Pesky Cholesterol

According to Web MD, statins are the second most widely prescribed drugs (just behind hydrocodone). But, not all patients on statins see the expected drop in serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and still others report serious adverse events, prompting the search for new lipid-modulating targets for therapies to combat atherosclerosis. Human genetics has pinpointed two potential new targets for LDL-C lowering drugs: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sortilin-1 (SORT1), with ongoing clinical trials for PCSK9 inhibition showing promising results. PCSK9 is believed to regulate LDL-C by targeting the LDL receptor (LDLR) for degradation. However, the mechanism of trafficking PCSK9 out of the liver is not well understood. Now, Gustafsen and colleagues provide evidence that SORT1 regulates PCSK9 activity. Owing to its similarity to LDLR proteins, the authors began with the hypothesis that SORT1 is a molecular target for PCSK9. They demonstrated that PCSK9 preferentially coimmunoprecipitated with SORT1 from cultured cells and bound to SORT1 in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Next, subcellular localization experiments using a liver cell line showed that SORT1 and PCSK9 colocalized with a trans -Golgi marker, suggesting that the SORT1-PCSK9 interaction is established primarily in the secretory pathway. In primary liver cells obtained from SORT1 knockout mice, secretion of PCSK9 was substantially reduced as compared with that in liver cells obtained from wild-type animals. Furthermore, PCSK9 concentrations measured in plasma of the SORT1 knockout mice was also significantly lower and was accompanied by a twofold increase in LDLR levels in liver as compared with that of the wild type. Last, in a population of healthy human subjects, the authors observed a significant positive correlation between plasma concentrations of SORT1 and PCSK9, suggesting that SORT1 expression affects circulating PCSK9 levels. These data suggest a model in which SORT1 acts as a high-affinity receptor for PCSK9, and the two proteins interact in the trans -Golgi network in liver to facilitate the passage of PCSK9 through the late secretory pathway. The data suggest that both proteins, as well as other putative regulators within this secretion pathway, might serve as therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis drugs. In a broader context, the new work provides further proof that the biology underlying human genetic associations can indeed be SORT ed out. C. Gustafsen et al. , The hypercholesterolemia-risk gene SORT1 facilitates PCSK9 secretion. Cell Metab . 19 , 310–318 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413113005019
Speed Adjustment Factors for Locked-Wheel Skid Trailer Measurements

Locked-wheel trailers are the predominant friction-testing tool used by state departments of transportation in the United States. These trailers measure friction on a locked wheel on the wetted pavement surface as the wheel slides at a constant speed. The skid resistance is reported as the skid number (SN) at the speed it was measured, with the standard test speed at 40 mph. Speed on most rural interstate and primary roads is rarely lower than 65 mph, whereas in most urban environments, congestion, intersections, and high-traffic volumes can lead to average traffic speeds as low as 20 mph. A methodology was proposed to convert the skid numbers from one speed to any desired speed by using adjustment factors. The data used to develop this methodology came from measurements taken by members of the Pavement Surface Properties Consortium for the three consecutive years from 2007 to 2009. The adjustment factors were developed for the different flexible and continuously reinforced concrete pavement surfaces that are available at the Virginia Smart Road. The friction measurements performed with the skid testers presented different responses to the different pavement surface types. To separate them, principal component analysis was used, and three different groups of surfaces were identified. Principal component analysis was also used to develop a friction conversion method that used correlations between speed and texture. Correlations between speed factors and macrotexture were computed only for smooth tire skid testers, because ribbed tires do not exhibit good relationships, probably because measurements with this tire are not sensitive to macrotexture.
Data Consistency Based Rigid Motion Artifact Reduction in Fan-Beam CT

It is well known that a rigid in-plane motion can be decomposed into a translation and a rotation around an origin. Based on our previous work, we first extend the Helgason-Ludwig consistency condition (HLCC) to cover a general rigid motion in fan-beam geometry. Then, we model the general motion by several parameters, and develop an iterative scheme for estimation of the in-plane motion parameters. This scheme determines the motion parameters by numerically minimizing an objective function constructed based on the HLCC. After the motion parameters are estimated, image reconstruction can be performed to compensate for the motion effects. Finally, we implement the algorithm and evaluate its performance in numerical simulations
The special case of complicated grief in women at high risk for breast cancer.

Objective Exploration of complicated grief focusing on the relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief in a population of women at high risk for developing breast cancer. Special reference is made to women who have experienced a material death. Method We reflected on the clinical attributes of the Revlon UCLA High Risk Clinic population in terms of their own perceived risk of developing breast cancer. For part of our population, their perceived risk was coupled with their reactions to the loss of their mothers to breast cancer. We compared and contrasted this pattern of reactions to those described by Licihtenthal et al. (2004) in their developmental review of complicated grief as a distinct disorder. Results We concluded that our population of women differed from Lichtenthal et al.'s (2004) model for complicated grief. Lichtenthal's group postulated that the key element of complicated grief involves the protracted nature of separation anxiety and distress and excludes PTSD. In our populations, the daughter with complicated grief experiences a combination of separation anxiety and a type of PTSD involving anxiety over the perceived certainty of her own future diagnosis of breast cancer. It was noteworthy that Lichtenthal's model population was composed of individuals caring for terminally ill spouses. Significantly, the spousal caretakers did not have an ongoing genetic link to their partners whereas our population is genetically linked. We postulate that this accounts for the unique presentation of complicated grief and ptsd in our population. Significance of results We submit that this combination of complicated grief and PTSD requires a cognitive reframing of their perceived inevitability of developing breast cancer and desensitization techniques to help high risk women pursue preventative health care rather than avoiding it.
VolVis: a diversified volume visualization system

VolVis is a diversified, easy to use, extensible, high performance, and portable volume visualization system for scientists and engineers as well as for visualization developers and researchers. VolVis accepts as input 3D scalar volumetric data as well as 3D volume-sampled and classical geometric models. Interaction with the data is controlled by a variety of 3D input devices in an input device-independent environment. VolVis output includes navigation preview, static images, and animation sequences. A variety of volume rendering algorithms are supported ranging from fast rough approximations, to compression-domain rendering, to accurate volumetric ray tracing and radiosity, and irregular grid rendering. >
PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN DRIED POLYMER FILMS INCORPORATING THE DEIONIZED BLUE MEMBRANE FORM OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN

The preparation and photochemical properties of dried deionized blue membrane (dIbR600; lambdamax approximately 600 nm, epsilon approximately 54, 760 cm-1 M-1, f approximately 1.1) in polyvinyl alcohol films are studied. Reversible photoconversion from dIbR600 to the pink membrane (dIbR485; lambdamax approximately 485 nm) is shown to occur in these films under conditions of strong 647-nm laser irradiation. The pink membrane analog, dIbR485, has a molar extinction coefficient of approximately 39,000 cm-1 M-1 (f approximately 1.2). The ratio of pink --> blue and blue --> pink quantum efficiencies is 33 +/- 5. We observe an additional blue-shifted species (dIbR455, lambdamax approximately 455 nm) with a very low oscillator strength (f approximately 0.6, epsilon approximately 26,000 cm-1 M-1). This species is the product of fast thermal decay of dIbR485. Molecular modeling indicates that charge/charge and charge/dipole interactions introduced by the protonation of ASP85 are responsible for lowering the excited-state all-trans --> 9-cis barrier to approximately 6 kcal mol-1 while increasing the corresponding all-trans --> 13-cis barrier to approximately 4 kcal mol-1. Photochemical formation of both 9-cis and 13-cis photoproducts are now competitive, as is observed experimentally. We suggest that dIbR455 may be a 9-cis, 10-s-distorted species that partially divides the chromophore into two localized conjugated segments with a concomitant blue shift and decreased oscillator strength of the lambdamax absorption band.
Fetal MRI lung volumes are predictive of perinatal outcomes in fetuses with congenital lung masses.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a modality for predicting perinatal outcomes and lung-related morbidity in fetuses with congenital lung masses (CLM). Methods The records of all patients treated for CLM from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Fetal MRI-derived lung mass volume ratio (LMVR), observed/expected normal fetal lung volume (O/E-NFLV), and lesion-to-lung volume ratio (LLV) were calculated. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were applied to determine the predictive accuracy of prenatal imaging. Results Of 128 fetuses with CLM, 93% (n = 118) survived. MRI data were available for 113 fetuses. In early gestation ( 26 weeks), LMVR, LLV, and O/E-NFLV correlated with neonatal respiratory distress, intubation, NICU admission and need for neonatal surgery. On multivariate regression, LMVR was the strongest predictor for development of fetal hydrops (OR: 6.97, 1.58–30.84; p = 0.01) and neonatal respiratory distress (OR: 12.38, 3.52–43.61; p ≤ 0.001). An LMVR > 2.0 predicted worse perinatal outcome with 83% sensitivity and 99% specificity (AUC = 0.94; p Conclusion Fetal MRI volumetric measurements of lung masses and residual normal lung are predictive of perinatal outcomes in fetuses with CLM. These data may assist in perinatal risk stratification, counseling, and resource utilization.
Mindful-Veteran: The implementation of a brief stress reduction course

Abstract Background Stress reduction is a focus of healthcare management in Veterans who often faced extreme stressors during military service. Objective A quality improvement project to evaluate the implementation and effects of a brief mindfulness course delivered to Veterans, Mindful-Veteran (M-Vet), with self-reported mild to severe depressive symptoms in an outpatient setting. Design A within-subjects design was used to determine whether depressed Veterans enrolled in a 6-week M-Vet course report improvements in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Results Mental health, general health, emotional role, and social functioning quality of life subscales significantly improved over the 6-week course. Severity of stress and depressive symptom scores, however, did not significantly decrease. Conclusion The findings suggest that this brief, simplified mindfulness program designed for military Veterans, seen within a community based outpatient clinic, has clinically beneficial effects on psychiatric outcomes.
Influence of Tempering and Contraction Mismatch on Crack Development in Ceramic Surfaces

Tempering of glass produces a state of compressive stress in surface regions which can enhance the resistance to crack initiation and growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tempering on the sizes of surface cracks induced within the tempered surfaces of opaque porcelain-body porcelain discs, with contraction coefficient differences (αO- αB) of +3.2, +0.7, 0.0, -0.9, and -1.5 ppm/°C. We fired the discs to the maturing temperature (982°C) of body porcelain and then subjected them to three cooling procedures: slow cooling in a furnace (SC), fast cooling in air (FC), and tempering (T) by blasting the body porcelain surface with compressed air for 90 s. We used body porcelain discs as the thermally compatible (Δα = 0) control specimens. We measured the diameters of cracks induced by a microhardness indenter at an applied load of 4.9 N at 80 points along diametral lines within the surface of body porcelain.The mean values of the crack diameters varied from 75.9 μm (Δα = -1.5 ppm/°...
Hydroxylation and Dehydroxylation Behavior of Silica Glass Fracture Surfaces

The hydroxylation and dehydroxylation behavior of amorphous silica fracture surfaces was studied using temperature-programmed static SIMS. The results show that vacuum heat treatments result in more extensive condensation of silanol groups on the silica glass fracture surface as compared to fumed silica (Cabosil). This is attributed to differences in the distribution of silanol groups on the two silica surfaces. The rehydration kinetics of the dehydroxylated silica fracture surfaces showed two distinct reaction rates - an initial rapid increase in the silanol concentration, followed by a slower rehydration for longer dosing times. The slower rehydration reaction was shown to follow first-order reaction kinetics with the reaction rate constant, suggesting hydrolysis of strained siloxane bonds on three-membered silicate ring structures. The much faster initial rehydration is attributed to the hydrolysis of extremely strained siloxane bonds in two-membered, edge-shared tetrahedral rings. The effect of the dehydration time and temperature (i.e., thermal history of the surface) on the rehydration kinetics is also discussed.
Scene statistics in 3d natural environments

In this dissertation, we conducted a stereoscopic eye tracking experiment using naturalistic stereo images. We analyzed low level 2D and 3D scene features at binocular fixations and randomly selected places. The results reveal that humans tend to fixate on regions with higher luminance variations, but lower disparity variations. Because of the often observed co-occurrence of luminance and depth changes in natural environments, the dichotomy between luminance features and disparity features inspired us to study the accurate statistics of 2D and 3D scene properties. Using a range map database, we studied the distribution of disparity in natural scenes. The natural disparity distribution has a high peak at zero, and heavier tails that are similar to a Laplace distribution. The relevance of natural disparity distribution to other studies in neurobiology and visual psychophysics are discussed in detail. We also studied luminance, range and disparity statistics in natural scenes using a co-registered luminance-range database. The distributions of bandpass 2D and 3D scene features can be well modeled by generalized Gaussian models. There are positive correlations between bandpass luminance and depth, which can be captured by varying shape parameters in the probability density functions of the generalized Gaussians. In another study on suprathreshold luminance and depth discontinuities, we show that observing a significant luminance edge at a significant depth edge is much more likely than at homogeneous depth surfaces. It is also true that a significant depth edge happens at a significant luminance edge with a greater probability than at homogeneous luminance regions. Again, the dependency between luminance and depth discontinuities can be modeled successfully by generalized Gaussians. We applied our statistical models in 3D natural scenes to stereo correspondence. A Bayesian framework is proposed to incorporate the bandpass disparity prior, and the luminance-disparity dependency in the likelihood function. We compared our algorithm with a classical simulated annealing method based on heuristically defined energy functions. The computed disparity maps show great improvements both perceptually and objectively.
Multimedia Web queries: implications for design

The Web has enhanced the integration of textual and multimedia information. We examine changes in Web users' multimedia searching on Excite (R), a major Web search service, over two years. Two data sets of 1025910 queries from 1997 and 1999 were analyzed. Key similarities and changes are identified. We identified changes in the multimedia terminology used and the length of multimedia queries. Our results are compared to findings from general Web searching studies. Implications for the design of multimedia systems and interfaces are discussed.
Free-Locomotion of Underwater Vehicles Actuated by Ionic Polymer Metal Composites

In this paper, we develop a modeling framework for studying free-locomotion of biomimetic underwater vehicles propelled by vibrating ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs). The motion of the vehicle body is described using rigid body dynamics in fluid environments. Hydrodynamic effects, such as added mass and damping, are included in the model to enable a thorough description of the vehicle's surge, sway, and yaw motions. The time-varying actions exerted by the vibrating IPMC on the vehicle body, including thrust, lift, and moment, are estimated by combining force and vibration measurements with reduced order modeling based on modal analysis. The model predictions are validated through experimental results on a miniature remotely controlled fish-like robotic swimmer.
Effects of scatter modeling on time-activity curves estimated directly from dynamic SPECT projections

Quantitative analysis of uptake and washout of cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide better contrast between healthy and diseased tissue, compared to conventional reconstruction of static images. Previously, we used B-splines to model time-activity curves (TACs) for segmented volumes of interest and developed fast least-squares algorithms to estimate spline TAC coefficients and their statistical uncertainties directly from dynamic SPECT projection data. This previous work incorporated physical effects of attenuation and depth-dependent collimator response. In the present work, we incorporate scatter and use a computer simulation to study how scatter modeling affects directly estimated TACs and subsequent estimates of compartmental model parameters. An idealized single-slice emission phantom was used to simulate a 15 min dynamic /sup 99m/Tc-teboroxime cardiac patient study in which 500,000 events containing scatter were detected from the slice. When scatter was modeled, unweighted least-squares estimates of TACs had root mean square (RMS) error that was less than 0.6% for normal left ventricular myocardium, blood pool, liver, and background tissue volumes and averaged 3% for two small myocardial defects. When scatter was not modeled, RMS error increased to average values of 16% for the four larger volumes and 35% for the small defects. Noise-to-signal ratios (NSRs) for TACs ranged between 1-18% for the larger volumes and averaged 110% for the small defects when scatter was modeled. When scatter was not modeled, NSR improved by average factors of 1.04 for the larger volumes and 1.25 for the small defects, as a result of the better-posed (though more biased) inverse problem. Weighted least-squares estimates of TACs had slightly better NSR and worse RMS error, compared to unweighted least-squares estimates. Compartmental model uptake and washout parameter estimates obtained from the TACs were less sensitive to whether or not scatter was modeled, compared to the TACs themselves.
Knowledge about Law

Legal knowledge refers to the ensemble of forms of knowing, theorizing, judging, analyzing and reflecting that constitute the practices of legal actors. The study of legal knowledge treats all of these practices, and all of the knowledge workof different categories of legal actors, from police officers to ordinary litigants to expert witnesses to judges, on the same plane, as one field of social action. This encyclopedia entry describes the intellectual context of the emerging focus on legal knowledge in socio-legal studies and legal theory, its historical antecedents, and key themes.
REVIEW OF MODELING PREFERENCES FOR DECISION MODELS

A group decision problem is set in environments where there is a common issue to solve, a set of possible options to choose, and a set of individuals who are experts and express their opinions about the set of possible alternatives with the intention to reach a collective decision as the unique solution of the problem in question. The modeling of the preferences of the decision-maker is an essential stage in the construction of models used in the theory of decision, operations research, economics, etc. On decision problems experts use models of representation of preferences that are close to their disciplines or fields of work. The structures of information most commonly used for the representation of the preferences of experts are vectors of utility, orders of preference and preference relations. In decision problems, the expression of preferences domain is the domain of information used by the experts to express their preferences, the main are numerical, linguistic, and intervalar stressing the multi-granular linguistic. This paper is a review of these concepts. Its purpose is to provide a guide of bibliographic references for these concepts, which are briefly discussed in this document.
Channel estimation using joint dictionary learning in FDD massive MIMO systems

In a frequency division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO system, downlink channel estimation poses several challenges with limited training duration being one impediment. Our previous work developed an algorithm to learn a dictionary in which the channel can be sparsely represented, and then leveraged compressed sensing framework to estimate the downlink channel. In this work, we extend the sparse channel representation framework to joint uplink and downlink channel modeling exploiting the similar scattering environment experienced by the signal during uplink and downlink transmission. We develop a joint dictionary learning algorithm in which joint sparse pattern of the uplink and downlink channels is enforced. This structure is utilized to improve downlink channel estimation from uplink training, which usually has much less training overhead in massive MIMO systems. Experimental results show that the proposed joint channel estimation improves the mean squared error (MSE) compared to downlink estimation only.
Immunocytochemical reaction of serum of patients with hepatic diseases with hepatic structures.

SummaryBinding of sera of 32 patients with various liver diseases, 10 patients with lupus erythematosus and 30 hospital controls to human and animal livers and other organs was studied using the indirect Coons' fluorescent antibody technic. Two types of circulating reacting substances were demonstrated: one noted in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and malignant hepatitis bound nuclei without species or organ specificity; the other occurring in a variety of hepatic diseases reacted with the cytoplasm of ductule cells. The former was influenced by steroid therapy while the latter was not. The antigenic material in the ductular cell possibly is a muco- or lipoprotein which may also be present in bile.The authors are indebted to Mrs. Esther Trachten-berg for enthusiastic technical support.
Growth of L-M strain mouse cells in a chemically defined medium.

SummaryUsing the criteria of generation time, final population density, and chromosome analysis, it has been demonstrated that Eagle basal medium is adequate for continued propagation of L-M strain mouse cells both as monolayers and in suspension. Three distinct advantages to this system are: (1) the relative simplicity of the medium in terms of number of components as compared to other defined media currently available, (2) the 3- to 5-fold increase in cell population achieved in 7 to 10 days, in contrast with results using most defined media, (3) the growth of these cells in suspension culture, which is an ideal system for both nutritional and parasite-host cell relationship studies. The effectiveness of methylcellulose as a physical protective agent for cells grown in a simple, chemically defined medium has been demonstrated.
Prokaryotic calmodulins: recent developments and evolutionary implications.

Ca 2+ is a common intracellular second-messenger molecule in eukaryotic cells and regulates a myriad of cellular processes. Many effects of Ca 2+ are mediated by calcium-binding regulatory proteins of the calmodulin superfamily. We propose the idea that calcium-binding proteins originated in high G+C Grampositive bacteria and were later acquired by eukaryotes.
Effect of Young Age on Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): North American Intergroup Study CALGB 9710 (Alliance)

Abstract Purpose: Clinical trials in APL have generally reported similar outcomes for children and adults. However, sub-group analysis of pediatric patients treated on 2 consecutive trials of the European APL group demonstrated that children Methods: Outcomes were compared among young children (age Results: Clinical remission (CR) rates were similar between the 3 age groups (age Conclusions: Results of this intergroup trial demonstrate that ATRA administration during induction, consolidation and maintenance leads to CR rates >80% and 5 yr OS rates >75%. These results are superior to recently published results of pediatric non-APL acute myeloid leukemia and confirm results from the prior APL intergroup trial (INT0129) that demonstrated that ATRA in induction and/or maintenance significantly improved outcomes for pediatric APL (Gregory et al., Ped Blood and Cancer, 2009). Our sub-group analysis showed no association of age with outcomes in children treated with this regimen. Disclosures Off Label Use: Daunorubicin- labeled for use in AML for adults and for pediatric ALL (not pediatric AML) Arsenic Trioxide- labeled for use in relapsed/refractory APL (not de novo APL) Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate- labeled for use in pediatric ALL (not APL).
The Construction for the Middle-Phase Links of S&T Achievements' Transformation

Insuficient middle-test base of transformation is one of the critical problems which impeds not only the transformation of ST achievements,but also the development of Chinese economy in the 21 st century. It reviews the definition of the middle-phas links,analyzes the theoretical and practical importance of reinforcing it,and practically studies the measures to perfect it.
Life is how you look at it

Clinical laboratory managers do work that is important and difficult. Sometimes, managers get tired or discouraged. Sometimes, it is hard for them to stay happy. This article tells managers how to stay happy! It explains that the facts of life don't make people happy or sad; how people look at those facts makes them happy or sad. Perspective makes people happy or sad. It tells managers that perspective is the way they look at facts; that perspective is powerful; and that perspective is theirs. It explains that how people look at life determines how life looks them. It proves to managers that their world and its people are what their perspective makes them.
Digital Enhancement of Portal Images by Anisotropic Diffusion

Despite the wide availability of electronic portal imaging devices (EPEDs) in radiation therapy centres, their clinical use remains limited. This is mainly due to the difficulties in visual or computerized analysis of electronic portal images, which stem from their inherent poor quality in terms of low contrast and high noise levels. Analysis of portal images for the purpose of geometric verification of radiotherapy treatments involves extraction of anatomical reference features. This process can be facilitated by selectively removing noise from homogeneous areas in an image and preserving edges between different anatomical areas. The present study examines the application of advanced digital image processing methods, based on the concept of anisotropic diffusion, to enhancement of electronic portal images.
Reducing Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin With Vitamin K Supplementation Does Not Promote Lean Tissue Loss or Fat Gain Over 3 Years in Older Women and Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Osteocalcin (OC) is a vitamin K-dependent protein synthesized during bone formation. Mice injected with the undercarboxylated form of OC (ucOC) had more skeletal muscle mass and less fat mass than sham-treated controls, suggesting a unique metabolic role for ucOC. UcOC decreases in response to vitamin K supplementation. Our objective was to determine the effect of reducing ucOC on change in lean tissue and fat mass in older community-dwelling adults (n = 401, mean ± SD 69 ± 6 years) using data from a randomized controlled trial of vitamin K supplementation. Over 3 years, serum ucOC was reduced by 58% in women and by 61% in men randomized to vitamin K, whereas in the control group, ucOC decreased by 1% in women and 4% in men (supplementation*time p < 0.001 in men and women). However, there were no differences in the change in appendicular lean mass (calculated as arm lean mass + leg lean mass) or total body fat mass between women randomized to vitamin K and control over 3 years (supplementation*time p values all ≥ 0.18) or between men randomized to vitamin K and control (supplementation*time p values all ≥ 0.54). Consistent with these findings, ucOC was not associated cross-sectionally with appendicular lean mass or fat mass in men or women after adjustment for total OC at baseline (all p ≥ 0.12). These findings indicate the undercarboxylated form of OC is not implicated in age-related changes in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue mass in older community-dwelling adults. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mechanism-Based Development of a Low-Potential, Soluble, and Cyclable Multielectron Anolyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

The development of nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) has been impeded by a lack of electroactive compounds (anolytes and catholytes) with the necessary combination of (1) redox potentials that exceed the potential limits of water, (2) high solubility in nonaqueous media, and (3) high stability toward electrochemical cycling. In addition, ideal materials would maintain all three of these properties over multiple electron transfer events, thereby providing a proportional increase in storage capacity. This paper describes the mechanism-based design of a new class of metal-coordination complexes (MCCs) as anolytes for NRFBs. The tridentate bipyridylimino isoindoline (BPI) ligands of these complexes were designed to enable multielectron redox events. These molecules were optimized using a combination of systematic variation of the BPI ligand and the metal center along with mechanistic investigations of the decomposition pathways that occur during electrochemical cycling. Ultimately, these studies led to ...
Learning Curve Associated with an Automated Laparoscopic Suturing Device Compared with Laparoscopic Suturing

Background. Laparoscopic suturing has proved to be a challenging skill to master which may prevent surgical procedures from being started, or completed, in a minimally invasive fashion. The aim of ...
To Rudolf E. Kalman: A Personal Goodbye [Historical Perspectives]

I visited Prof. Rudolf Kalman on Sunday, June 12, 2016, three weeks before he passed away peacefully at his home in Gainesville, Florida, on July 2 (Figure 1). I had just learned of his deteriorating health, and I flew into Gainesville to see him for, as it turned out, one last time. He was undergoing chemotherapy at the time, and the signs were not encouraging. However, he was well cognizant that the end was near; he told me so and suggested that I would be writing his obituary very soon. Naturally, my reaction was to provide encouragement about the state of medicine and the abilities of our health-care professionals, to which he expressed doubts and joked. He brought up the fact that President Nixon declared "war on cancer" many years ago and then laughingly noted that although cancer had neither army nor generals, cancer is still around whereas Nixon is not.
The Taste Question in Animal Ethics

Advocates of veganism often assume that food enjoyment has little moral weight, because it involves mere taste pleasure. Because of the triviality of taste pleasure, they consider it obvious that harming animals to secure particular tastes is ‘unnecessary’. After discussing the elements of taste, defending the importance of taste, exploring what ‘unnecessary harm’ means, and introducing a number of taste related thought experiments, I argue that harm to animals is not always unnecessary, when what's at stake is taste. However, by supplementing considerations involving necessity with considerations of character, I conclude that vegans are often, though not always, praiseworthy.
An Unorthodox Introduction to QCD

These are lecture notes presented at the 2017 CTEQ Summer School at the University of Pittsburgh and the 2018 CTEQ Summer School at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. The title is a reference to hep-th/0309149 and introduces perturbative QCD and its application to jet substructure from a bottom-up perspective based on the approximation of QCD as a weakly-coupled, conformal field theory. Using this approach, a simple derivation of the Sudakov form factor with soft gluon emission modeled as a Poisson process is presented. Topics of the identification and discrimination of quark- versus gluon-initiated jets and jet grooming are also discussed.
American Doctors at the Nuremberg Medical Trial.

Three Hippocratic physicians played critical roles in the prosecution of 23 Nazi doctors charged with murder and torture for conducting lethal medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. Two of the physicians, Leopold Alexander and Andrew C. Ivy, were Americans, and the other, Werner Leibbrandt, was German.At the 70th anniversary of the Doctors’ Trial it is fitting to recall the three’s influences and contributions to the formulation of strict research ethics rules, known as the Nuremberg Code.Their contributions help us better understand why they insisted on strict research rules and yet ultimately were unable to apply these rules to their own research. Exploring their contributions at Nuremberg may help us appreciate the continuing difficulty physician–researchers have with accepting public regulation of research.
Relationship between the transverse-field Ising model and the X Y model via the rotating-wave approximation

In a large transverse field, there is an energy cost associated with flipping spins along the axis of the field. This penalty can be employed to relate the transverse-field Ising model in a large field to the $XY$ model in no field (when measurements are performed at the proper stroboscopic times). We describe the details for how this relationship works and, in particular, we also show under what circumstances it fails. We examine wave-function overlap between the two models and observables, such as spin-spin Green's functions. In general, the mapping is quite robust at short times, but will ultimately fail if the run time becomes too long. There is also a tradeoff between the length of time one can run a simulation out to and the time jitter of the stroboscopic measurements that must be balanced when planning to employ this mapping.
Measuring Intergenerational Justice

Concern with intergenerational justice has long been a focus of economics. This essay considers the effort, over the last three decades, to quantify generational fiscal burdens using label-free fiscal gap and generational accounting. It also points out that government debt -- the conventional metric for assessing generational fiscal justice,– has no grounding in economic theory. Instead, official debt is the result of economically arbitrary government labelling decisions: whether to call receipts “taxes” rather than “borrowing” and whether to call payments “transfer payments” rather than “debt service”. Via their choice of words, governments decide which obligations to put on, and which to keep off, the books. The essay also looks to the future of generational fiscal-justice analysis. Rapid computational advances are permitting economists to understand not just direct government intergenerational redistribution, but also how such policies impact the economy that future generations will inherit.
Prosopagnosia as a Type of Conversion Disorder.

Background. Conversion disorder is a common and debilitating condition that remains poorly understood. We present a previously undescribed form of conversion disorder to highlight the complexity of the condition and consider the interplay of factors that produce conversion symptoms. Case. A 50-year-old male presented with acquired prosopagnosia and language impairment. Neuropsychological testing indicated right temporal lobe dysfunction. Extensive work-up outruled an organic aetiology. Reactivation of childhood trauma coincided with the onset of his symptoms. Childhood trauma is known to have adverse effects on the developing brain which may affect an individual’s emotional behaviour and coping style. Functional neuroimaging techniques suggest that conversion symptoms may be linked to the disruption of higher order neural circuitry involved in the integration of emotional processing and cortical functioning. Conclusions. We propose that our patient’s adverse childhood experiences led to the development of a particular personality and coping style that “primed” him for a later abnormal emotional and behavioural response when confronted with reminders of his traumatic background. Further interdisciplinary studies are required to further elucidate the neurobiological basis for this condition.
Author Correction: Automated generation and ensemble-learned matching of X-ray absorption spectra

The following text has been added to the Acknowledgements section: “L. F. J. P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (DMREF-1627583)”
The Exaggerated Demise of Polygyny: Transformations in Marriage and Gender Relations in West Africa

The West African region has the world’s highest rates of polygyny, the practice of one man marrying two or more wives. Many scholars once foresaw polygyny’s eventual demise, and indeed polygyny appears to be on the decline even in West Africa. The practice is adapting to social change within the region, however. Most notably, polygyny is being reshaped in West Africa’s cities, where men and women are bound by very different conventions than their rural counterparts with respect to gender relations, nuptiality, sexuality, and allegiance to kin. Urban polygyny has also been affected by modern notions of romantic love and companionate marriage, and by the informalization of marriage. At the same time, polygyny retains a powerful influence as a cultural institution despite its diminishing prevalence. This chapter considers polygyny’s ongoing reconfiguration amid sweeping changes in African marital norms and behaviors. Drawing from a range of social science data, including large-scale surveys and ethnographic research as well as analysis by demographers, sociologists and anthropologists, the chapter reviews the current state of polygynous marriage and surveys its ongoing transformation in West Africa.
Reflections on Jen Sandler and Renita Thedvall (eds.). 2017. Meeting Ethnography: Meetings as Key Technologies of Contemporary Governance, Development, and Resistance. New York: Routledge.

Readers’ Corner: Reflections on Jen Sandler and Renita Thedvall (eds.). 2017. Meeting Ethnography: Meetings as Key Technologies of Contemporary Governance, Development, and Resistance. New York: Routledge.