cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Lipoprotein Metabolism Are Associated with Blood Lipid Changes following Regular Avocado Intake in a Randomized Control Trial among Adults with Overweight and Obesity.

Background Avocados are rich in unsaturated fat and fiber; clinical trials have investigated their effects on metabolic disease. There is high variability in individual changes following avocado consumption, which may be in part due to individual genetic differences. Objective Secondary analyses of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) Study were used to examine how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact blood lipid changes following a daily meal containing avocado compared with control. Methods Adults (n = 115, 37% male) aged 25-45 y with overweight and obesity were randomly assigned to receive a daily isocaloric meal with (intervention) or without (control) a standardized amount (males: 175 g; females: 140 g) of avocado for 12 wk. Control meals were higher in saturated fat (17% of energy compared with 7%) and lower in fiber (4 g compared with 16 g) than intervention meals. Whole venous blood was taken at baseline and 12 wk to determine total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Seventeen SNPs in 10 genes related to lipoprotein metabolism were genotyped. Effects of SNP, diet, and SNP-diet interactions were determined using general linear models. Results No group-by-time effects were detected for changes in TC (P = 0.96), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.28), or TG (P = 0.06) over 12 wk. Three SNP-diet interactions were associated with final TC concentrations: ANGPTL3-rs10889337 (P = 0.01), ANGPTL4-rs2278236 (P = 0.02), and CD36-rs10499859 (P = 0.01). SNPs in GCKR and LPL were associated with TC changes (P = 0.01). The interaction between GCKR-rs1260326 and diet was such that C-homozygotes receiving avocado (n = 23) had final TC concentrations that were significantly lower than the C-homozygotes in the control group (n = 20) (P = 0.02). Conclusions Results from these exploratory analyses indicate that avocado consumption may help manage dyslipidemia in adults with overweight and obesity; however, effectiveness may differ by genetic profile. Understanding the role of genetic variation in variability following dietary intervention can potentially inform personalized nutrition recommendations.
Emerging Low Dimensional Material Devices for Beyond von-Neumann Computing

Conventional computation hardware based on von Neumann architecture is constrained by the shared bus between data memory and instruction memory, which limits the computation performance and increase energy consumption especially for tasks requiring massive parallel operations. Emerging computation architectures such as neuromorphic electronic systems that can simultaneously process data and instructions efficiently are promising for addressing such issues. Low dimensional materials including emerging classes of 2D and 1D materials offer rich physical properties unfound in conventional semiconductor materials that are particularly attractive for exploring conceptually new electronic devices for many non-von-Neumann electronic systems. In this talk, we will discuss our recent work in developing low dimensional material electronic devices including atomically-thin ultralow power filamentary memristive devices with record sub-femtojoule energy consumption; device concepts with new functionalities including re-configurability, metaplasticity and connetion heterogeneity; and stochastic memristive devices for applications in combinatorial optimization. These devices may contribute to key building blocks for the low power hardware implementation of many emerging computing schemes.
Emotion dysregulation, fatigue, and electronic cigarette expectancies.

Emotion dysregulation and the experience of fatigue have both been linked to the maintenance of substance use. However, limited empirical data has evaluated individual differences in these construc...
SODA: a new synthesis infrastructure for agile hardware design of machine learning accelerators

Next-generation systems, such as edge devices, will have to provide efficient processing of machine learning (ML) algorithms, along with several metrics, including energy, performance, area, and latency. However, the quickly evolving field of ML makes it extremely difficult to generate accelerators able to support a wide variety of algorithms. Simultaneously, designing accelerators in hardware description languages (HDLs) by hand is laborious and time-consuming, and does not allow quick exploration of the design space. This paper discusses the SODA synthesizer, an automated open-source high-level ML framework-to-Verilog compiler targeting ML Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) chiplets based on the LLVM infrastructure. The SODA synthesizers will allow implementing optimal designs by combining templated and fully tunable IPs and macros, and fully custom components generated through high-level synthesis. All these components will be provided through an extendable resource library, characterized by commercial and open-source logic design flows. Through a closed-loop design space exploration engine, developers will quickly explore their hardware designs along different dimensions.
Noncontact laser vibrometry-based fence-like arrays with wavefield filtering-assisted adaptive imaging algorithms for detecting multiple pits in a compact cluster:

Pitting corrosion presents challenges for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation due to the small pit dimension. Few Lamb wave-based techniques have achieved the identification of individual pits as ...
Embracing Sexuality and Gender: Toward Radical Love

The path to human wholeness and love requires an embrace of sexuality and gender as powerful forces in human lives. This includes vigorous engagement with the life-giving and life-defying forces of...
Terminal sterilization influences the efficacy of an extracellular matrix-blood composite for treating posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the rat model.

The objective was to determine if an intra-articular injection of an extracellular matrix (ECM) powder and blood composite (ECM-B) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury would have a mitigating effect on posttraumatic osteoarthritis and if that effect would be different with terminal sterilization of the ECM powder before use. Eighty Lewis rats underwent ACL transection and were divided into four groups: (1) intra-articular injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; n = 20), (2) intra-articular injection of ECM-B using aseptically processed ECM (ASEPTIC; n = 20), (3) intra-articular injection of the ECM-busing ECM powder sterilized with 15 kGy electron beam irradiation (EBEAM; n = 20), and (4) intra-articular injection of the ECM-B using ECM powder sterilized with ethylene oxide (EO; n = 20). Twenty additional animals received capsulotomy only (SHAM). The animals were followed for 6 weeks and evaluations of gait, radiographs, and joint cartilage histology were performed. At 6 weeks, when compared to the SHAM group, the group treated with PBS had significantly worse gait and histologic changes, while the ASEPTIC group was not different from SHAM for either of these outcomes. When compared to the SHAM group, the EO group had similar gait outcomes, but greater histologic damage, and the EBEAM group had significantly worse gait and histological outcomes. The ECM-B composite produced using aseptically processed ECM powder mitigated the gait and histologic changes associated with osteoarthritis after ACL transection in the rat; however, care must be taken when selecting a terminal sterilization method as this may affect the effectiveness of treatment.
Pre-Nucleation Clusters Predict Crystal Structures in Models of Chiral Molecules

Kinetics can play an important role in the crystallization of molecules and give rise to polymorphism, the prevalent ability of molecules to form more than one crystal structure. Current computational methods of crystal structure prediction, however, focus almost exclusively on identifying the thermodynamically stable polymorph. Kinetic factors of nucleation and growth are often neglected because the underlying microscopic processes are thought to be complex and accurate rate calculations are numerically cumbersome. In this work, we use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study a simple molecular model that reproduces the crystallization behavior of real chiral molecules, including the formation of enantiopure and racemic crystals, as well as polymorphism. We show that in many cases, the crystal that robustly forms in simulations is not the one with the lowest free energy. We demonstrate that at high supersaturation the prevailing polymorph can be accurately predicted by considering the similarities between prevalent oligomeric species in solution and molecular motifs in the crystal structure. For the case of racemic mixtures, we even find that knowledge of crystal free energies is not necessary and kinetic considerations are sufficient to determine if the system will undergo spontaneous chiral separation. Our results suggest conceptually simple ways of improving current crystal structure prediction methods.
Novel strategy for applying hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise towards spectroscopic analysis and detection of melanocytic lesions.

Advancements in dermoscopy techniques have elucidated identifiable characteristics of melanoma which revolve around the asymmetrical constitution of melanocytic lesions consequent of unfettered proliferative growth as a malignant lesion. This study explores the applications of hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) in terms of the direct diagnostic implications of applying agglomerative clustering in the spectroscopic analysis of malignant melanocytic lesions and benign dermatologic spots. 100 images of benign (n = 50) and malignant moles (n = 50) were sampled from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration Archive and processed through two separate Python algorithms. The first of which deconvolutes the three-digit tupled integer identifiers of pixel color in image composition into three separate matrices corresponding to the red, green and blue color channel. Statistical characterization of integer variance was utilized to determine the optimal channel for comparative analysis between malignant and benign image groups. The second applies HDBSCAN to the matrices, identifying agglomerative clustering in the dataset. The results indicate the potential diagnostic applications of HDBSCAN analysis in fast-processing dermoscopy, as optimization of clustering parameters according to a binary search strategy produced an accuracy of 85% in the classification of malignant and benign melanocytic lesions.
PneuMod: A Modular Haptic Device with Localized Pressure and Thermal Feedback

Humans have tactile sensory organs distributed all over the body. However, haptic devices are often only created for one part (e.g., hands, wrist, or face). We propose PneuMod, a wearable modular haptic device that can simultaneously and independently present pressure and thermal (warm and cold) cues to different parts of the body. The module in PneuMod is a pneumatically-actuated silicone bubble with an integrated Peltier device that can render thermo-pneumatic feedback through shapes, locations, patterns, and motion effects. The modules can be arranged with varying resolutions on fabric to create sleeves, headbands, leg wraps, and other forms that can be worn on multiple parts of the body. In this paper, we describe the system design, the module implementation, and applications for social touch interactions and in-game thermal and pressure feedback.
A multi-hypothesis tracker for clicking whales

This paper describes a tracker specially designed to track clicking beaked whales using widely spaced bottom-mounted hydrophones, although it can be adapted to different species and sensors. The input to the tracker is a sequence of static localization solutions obtained using time difference of arrival information at widely spaced hydrophones. To effectively handle input localizations with high ambiguity, the tracker is based on multi-hypothesis tracker concepts, so it considers all potential association hypotheses and keeps a large number of potential tracks in memory. The method is demonstrated on actual data and shown to successfully track multiple beaked whales at depth.
Effects of microstructural evolution on the thermal conductivity of α–Al2O3 prepared from nano-size γ–Al2O3 powder

The thermal diffusivities (D) of porous α–Al2O3 specimens prepared from nano-size γ–Al2O3 powder and from conventional submicrometer-size alumina powders were measured at room temperature, and the thermal conductivity (κ) was calculated from D. Plots of κ versus the volume fraction of porosity (P) showed that the data from both sets of samples followed similar linear curves. Similarly, data of Vickers hardness versus P obtained from the same specimens also followed a single linear curve. The good correlation of thermal diffusivity with P suggests that grain boundaries have a lesser effect on thermal transport than porosity.
Global climate impact of civil aviation for standard and desulfurized jet fuel

[1] Aircraft emissions can affect climate change through increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) but also via a host of other short-lived non-CO2 effects that are complex, involve impacts that are both warming and cooling and are unique to this sector. Previous assessments of aviation climate impacts have used a segmented approach whereby each effect was calculated separately and the effects summed. Integrated approaches using newly available Earth System models that allow simulation of more realistic interactions between effects are now possible. The NASA GISS Earth System Model (ModelE) is applied to reassess the net climate impact of civil aviation emissions based on a new inventory for year 2006 developed using the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). The model simulates all known non-CO2 aviation climate impacts except linear contrails and contrail-cirrus for which a recent estimate is assumed. For standard jet fuel, the net global climate impact for sustained constant year 2006 aviation emissions is +44 ± 10 mWm−2 (2/3 due to non-CO2 effects) on a 20-year timescale and +73 ± 10 mWm−2 (over 1/3 due to non-CO2 effects) on a 100-year timescale. For desulfurized jet fuel, the net climate impact is +40 ± 10 mWm−2 on the 20-year timescale, slightly less warming than the standard fuel case due to the complex interplay between sulfate and nitrate and the competition for ammonia. Ozone (O3) greenhouse efficiency (W per g O3 change) is 20–60% larger for aviation than surface transportation emissions.
O legado de Charles Wagley: uma introdução

Richard PaceMiddle Tennessee State UniversityDurante a reuniao da American Anthropological Association em 2009, na Filadelfia, no final de uma sessao intitulada “Amazon Town: seven decades of research and engagement”, Samuel Sa, da Universidade Federal do Para, lembrou a audiencia de que novembro de 2013 marcaria o que teria sido o 100o aniversario de Charles Wagley. Samuel, ex-aluno de Wagley, sugeriu, e todos concordaram entusiasticamente, que deveriamos comemorar o centenario de alguma maneira. Rapidamente, planos foram estabelecidos para uma serie de apresentacoes, paineis e exposicoes no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, para celebrar a vida e os legados de Wagley. Em 2012, Glenn Shepard, do Museu Goeldi, tambem sugeriu uma homenagem a Wagley, na forma de um dossie a ser publicado no
The impact of citizen police academies on participants

Abstract Many American police departments are establishing citizen police academies (CPAs). The goal is to develop a police–community relationship by providing citizens with exposure to police operations and procedures. One aspect of this goal is to improve the attitudes of citizens towards the police. In this exploratory study, pre- and posttest designs were employed to examine the impact of a CPA on the attitudes of participants.
Defective transport of Sindbis virus glycoproteins in End4 mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract Mutant V.24.1, a temperature-sensitive derivative of Chinese hamster ovary cells, defines the End4 complementation group of mutants selected for resistance to protein toxins and has defective lysosomes at the restrictive temperature (P. A. Colbaugh, M. Stookey, and R. K. Draper, J. Cell Biol. 108:2211-2219, 1989). We have investigated the biosynthesis of Sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins in V.24.1 cells. When the cells were infected at the restrictive temperature, the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 were undetectable on the cell surface and proteolytic processing of the precursor protein pE2 to envelope protein E2 did not occur. Protein retained intracellularly was sensitive to endoglycosidase H and, by immunofluorescence localization, appeared to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that the genetic defect in V.24.1 cells impairs the transport of Sindbis virus glycoproteins, apparently at the level of export from the endoplasmic reticulum.
A note on weighted Bergman spaces and the Cesaro operator

Let $B$ denote the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$, and $dV(z)$ normalized Lebesgue measure on $B$. For $\alpha > -1$, define $dV^\alpha (z)=(1-|z|^2)^\alpha dV(z)$. Let ${\cal H}(B)$ denote the space of holomorhic functions on $B$, and for $0 < p <\infty$, let ${\mathcal{A}}^p(dV_\alpha)$ denote $L^p(dV_\alpha)\cap {\cal H}(B)$. In this note we characterize ${\mathcal{A}}^p(dV_\alpha)$ as those functions in ${\cal H}(B)$ whose images under the action of a certain set of differential operators lie in $L^p(dV_\alpha)$. This is valid for $1 \le p <\infty$. We also show that the Ces\`aro operator is bounded on ${\mathcal{A}}^p(dV_\alpha)$ for $0<p<\infty$. Analogous results are given for the polydisc.
Big Data in Medical Applications and Health Care

Big Data can unify all patient related data to get a 360-degree view of the patient to analyze and predict outcomes. It can improve clinical practices, new drug development and health care financing process. It offers a lot of benefits such as early disease detection, fraud detection and better healthcare quality and efficiency. This paper introduces the Big Data concept and characteristics, health care data and some major issues of Big Data. These issues include Big Data benefits, its applications and opportunities in medical areas and health care. Methods and technology progress about Big Data are presented in this study. Big Data challenges in medical applications and health care are also discussed.
ROTCO: a reverse order test compaction technique

In this paper, the authors consider the problem of reducing the test set sizes for single stuck-at faults in combinational logic circuits. They report on an alternative to the conventional reverse order fault simulation, called reverse order test compaction (ROTCO). The proposed procedure processes a test set obtained by an existing test generator, with the sim of reducing the test set size. Unlike reverse order fault simulation, the proposed procedure allows the test vectors to be changed in order to increase the flexibility in detecting faults detected by earlier vectors, thereby potentially removing tests that cannot be removed by reverse order fault simulation. Experimental results for ISCAS-85 and PLA benchmark circuits are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. >
Structuring distributed algorithms for mobile hosts

Distributed algorithms have hitherto been designed for networks with static hosts. A mobile host (MH) can connect to the network from different locations at different times. This paper presents an operational system model for explicitly incorporating the effects of host mobility and proposes a general principle for structuring efficient distributed algorithms in this model. This principle is used to redesign two classical algorithms for distributed mutual exclusion for the mobile environment. We then consider a problem introduced solely by host mobility viz, location management for groups of MHs, and propose the concept of group location as an efficient approach to tackle the problem. Lastly, we present a framework which enables host mobility to be decoupled from the design of a distributed algorithm per se, to varying degrees. >
Roger Bacon: Richard Rufus' Successor as a Parisian Physics Professor

Comparaison entre R. Bacon et R. Rufus en tant que lecteurs de la «Physique» d'Aristote au XIII e siecle. Developpant l'idee selon laquelle Rufus est un defenseur de la scolastique traditionnelle, d'une part, et examinant les themes des idees platonciennes, de la cause finale, de l'eternite du monde, du mouvement projectile et de la place du ciel, d'autre part, l'A. montre que les deux professeurs de physique sont en desaccord en ce qui concerne la reception neo-platoncienne d'Aristote, l'introduction de ses ouvrages naturalistes, et l'interpretation d'Aristote par Averroes
Working at the “Intimate Edge”: Intersubjective Considerations—Comments on “A Case Study of Power and the Eroticized Transference–Countertransference”

Working from the premise that as analysts we are always vulnerable to unconscious collusion and enactment, and that this has radical implications for how we conceive of the analytic process, I try to illustrate how the process of working at the “intimate edge” of the analytic relationship, and explicitly engaging what goes on intersubjectively between patient and analyst expands the analytic process and the analytic possibilities. I especially focus on how deconstructing interactive enactment can help to access unconscious aspects of what might be in play in relation to the issues of power and eroticized transference–countertransference under discussion here, and how this process itself can become the medium of the work and the focus of therapeutic action.
Determinants of inspiratory activity

In vitro and in vivo studies have identified the pre-Botzinger complex as an important kernel for the generation of inspiratory activity. The mechanisms underlying inspiratory rhythm generation involve pacemaker as well as synaptic mechanisms. In slice preparations, blockade of pacemaker properties with blockers for the persistent Na+ current, and the Ca2+-activated inward cationic current, abolishes respiratory activity. Here we show that blockade of the persistent Na+ current alone is sufficient to abolish respiratory activity in the in situ preparation. Although pacemaker neurons may be critical for establishing the basic respiratory rhythm, their rhythmic output is modulated by many elements of the respiratory network. For example, levels of synaptic inhibition control whether they burst or not, and endogenously released neuromodulators, such as serotonin and substance P modulate their intrinsic membrane currents. We hypothesize that the balance between synaptic and intrinsic pacemaker properties in the respiratory network is plastic, and that alterations of this balance may lead to dynamic reconfigurations of the respiratory network, which ultimately give rise to different activity patterns.
Observations on the behavior of vitreous ice at ~82 and ~12K

In an attempt to determine why cooling with liquid helium actually proved disadvantageous in our electron cryotomography experiments, further tests were performed to explore the differences in vitreous ice at ~82 and ~12 K. Electron diffraction patterns showed clearly that the vitreous ice of interest in biological electron cryomicroscopy (i.e., plunge-frozen, buffered protein solutions) does indeed collapse into a higher density phase when irradiated with as few as 2–3 e^−/A^2 at ~12 K. The high density phase spontaneously expanded back to a state resembling the original, low density phase over a period of hours at ~82 K. Movements of gold fiducials and changes in the lengths of tunnels drilled through the ice confirmed these phase changes, and also revealed gross changes in the concavity of the ice layer spanning circular holes in the carbon support. Brief warmup–cooldown cycles from ~12 to ~82 K and back, as would be required by the flip-flop cryorotation stage, did not induce a global phase change, but did allow certain local strains to relax. Several observations including the rates of tunnel collapse and the production of beam footprints suggested that the high density phase flows more readily in response to irradiation. Finally, the patterns of bubbling were different at the two temperatures. It is concluded that the collapse of vitreous ice at ~12 K around macromolecules is too rapid to account alone for the problematic loss of contrast seen, which must instead be due to secondary effects such as changes in the mobility of radiolytic fragments and water.
Homogenous expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on polyclonal natural killer cells detected by a monoclonal antibody to KIR2D.

: The activity of human natural killer (NK) cells is in part regulated by the expression of killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and can inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. A monoclonal anti-KIR antibody was established and designated Lig1. Lig1 was shown to be specific for KIR in cell-surface staining and to react with all KIR2D, except KIR2DL4 which lacks a D1 domain, but not with KIR3D molecules in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Unlike other anti-KIR antibodies, Lig1 did not inhibit binding of KIR-Ig-fusion proteins to MHC-class I expressing cells nor did it interfere with KIR-mediated inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity in a functional assay. Lig1 reacted with all NK cells in polyclonal NK populations from different donors, demonstrating that all NK cells express at least one KIR2D receptor.
Identifying Problem Drinkers: Lack of Sensitivity of the Two-Question Drinking Test

Background and Objective The two-question drinking test ("Have you ever had a drinking problem?" and "When was your last drink?") is frequently cited as an accurate method of screening for alcoholism, yet its performance has never been validated. This study evaluated its utility among patients in two primary care settings. Patients and methods The two-question drinking test was compared to the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) as the standard criterion for the diagnosis of alcoholism. The subjects were 334 nonpregnant English-speaking patients over the age of 18 seen in two university outpatient teaching clinics. Results The overall prevalence of alcoholism based on a MAST score ≥5 was 18%. The sensitivity of the two-question test was 53% and its specificity 93%. The question "When was your last drink?" added little to the question "Have you ever had a drinking problem?" The latter question alone had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 97%. Conclusions The two-question test is not sensitive enough to be used to screen for alcohol abuse among outpatients. However, because of the low false positive rate, a positive response to the question "Have you ever had a drinking problem?" may help identify alcoholic patients.
Design and measurements of a thin quadrupole magnet for the AGS synchrotron

Abstract Four quadrupoles were installed in four straight sections of the AGS synchrotron to compensate for the effect on the beam optics of two helical magnets also installed in the AGS. The overall length of each quadrupole is less than 30 cm, so it fits in the 62 cm long straight section of the AGS ring. At injection energies, the strength of each quadrupole is set at a high value, and is ramped down to zero during the acceleration cycle, as the effect of the helical magnets on the circulating beam, diminishes by the square of the beam's rigidity. To minimize the eddy currents generated in the iron core of the quadrupole, by the transient magnetic field during the ramp down time, the quadrupoles were laminated. In this paper we describe the process of designing the quadrupole, with three of the most important aspects of the design discussed below. The first was to select the maximum thickness of the iron lamination that does not affect significantly the field quality of the quadrupole during the ramp down time interval, and also reduces to an acceptable level the ohmic losses generated in the iron laminations. The second was to minimize the higher order, 12pole allowed magnetic multipole of the quadrupole. The third was to calculate the ohmic losses in the iron laminations, as a function of both the lamination thickness and the magnetic field strength. The calculated ohmic losses in the iron laminations as a function of time and lamination thickness are consistent with the time evolution of the eddy currents inside the laminations. Simple experimental measurement of the current and voltage across the coil of the magnet as a function of time, qualitatively agrees with the theoretically calculated ohmic losses in the iron laminations.
An analysis of testosterone-induced crowing in young domestic cockerels

Abstract Tape-recordings made from about one week to twelve weeks of age of crowing induced in young domestic cockerels by testosterone implants have been analyzed on the sound spectrograph. At any one time each individual uses the same basic pattern, with variations. Striking and consistent differences occur between the patterns of individual chicks. The patterns change with increasing age, the crow becoming longer and broken, usually into three distinct parts, with an increased emphasis of overtones and loss of many of the details of the frequency pattern seen in young birds. Crowing at 10–12 weeks did not differ significantly from that of untreated birds beginning to crow normally at this age. A comparison of juvenile crowing in three highly inbred lines of white leghorns of different parentage did not reveal any consistent differences, nor did a similar comparison of crowing in three hybrid strains. The latter had more variable crows than the inbred lines. While genetic factors seem to control such characteristics as the duration of crowing and the period of frequency oscillation (which is similar in young and old birds), different degrees of inbreeding for egg and meat production, etc., have had little consistent effect on the crowing pattern. There is no evidence that crowing patterns are learned from other cockerels. The great variability of crowing patterns within a strain may result from heterozygosity in the genes governing crowing, or from variable expressivity of the genes concerned, or a combination of both.
Age- and ethnic-specific sex differences in stroke risk.

Abstract Background In white populations, age seems to modify the effect of sex on stroke risk, and compared with men, women are protected from stroke until approximately age 75 to 85 years, after which the protection is lost or reversed. Compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), Mexican Americans (MAs) are at higher risk of stroke; however, age- and sex-specific stroke incidence data are currently not available for this population. Objective This study was performed to compare the age-specific sex differences in stroke risk in MAs and NHWs. Methods Data were derived from the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) Project, a population-based stroke surveillance study conducted in Nueces County Texas. Incident strokes (n = 2421, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) that occurred between January 1, 2000 and May 25, 2007 in individuals aged 45 years or older were included in the analysis. Poisson regression using the generalized additive models framework was used to analyze the relationship between sex, age (5-year intervals), and race/ethnicity (NHW or MA) and incident stroke risk. Results Among both NHWs and MAs aged 45 to 79 years, men were at higher risk of stroke than women were. The magnitude of increased stroke risk in men compared with women diminished with age, and after age 79 years, no sex difference in stroke risk was observed. Conclusions Reasons for the loss of protection from stroke in aging women of all races/ethnicities are not fully understood, and further study is warranted.
Initial orientation comments to young adult stutterers beginning therapy

Following is an example of the type of orienting comments which might be made to young adult stutterers about to begin the therapy process labelled “Inter-Personal Communications Therapy (IPC): An Integrated Relationship and Behavior Therapy Process for Stutterers” Cooper, 1965 , Cooper, 1968 , Cooper, 1971 , Cooper, 1973 . These comments, with minimal editing, were taken from a recording of an initial group stuttering session and are presented here to assist the clinician in understanding how IPC Therapy is presented to the client.
Effect of d-tubocurarine on spinal shock.

Abstract The recovery process from spinal shock is facilitated by d-tubocurarine. The process is related to three systems: the motoneuron-Renshaw cell inhibition feedback system, the autonomic control system, and the sensory perception system, the first of which plays a main role in the recovery process and is affected directly by d-tubocurarine. This observation is systematically shown by a model of the motoneuron-Renshaw cell system. The model is constructed based on a biochemical process of synapses. Several examples of the process are shown numerically which are helpful for our understanding of spinal shock.
Variation in pathogenicity among isolates of Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. caulivora.

Monoascosporic isolates of Diaporthe phaseolorumf sp. caulivora (DPC) from Maryland were found to exhibit a dimorphism associated with their degree of pathogenicity to soybean seedlings. Isolates that were "fast-growing" on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) were largely non-pathogenic to seedlings of the soybean cultivars Blackhawk and Zane, whereas "slow-growing" isolates were largely pathogenic. Pathogenicity was often accompanied by a variation in disease response among seedlings inoculated with a given isolate. Both "fast-growing" and "slow-growing" isolates recovered from in? oculated seedlings often exhibited a marked change in pathogenicity when they were re-inoculated into other seedlings of the same cultivars from which they had originally been isolated. In contrast to the Maryland isolates, Alabama and Florida isolates did not exhibit a sharply defined separation into two groups based on their culture morphology. The clear association of pathogenicity with colony diameter seen in the Maryland isolates was not as evident in the Alabama isolates. The variable response observed in seedlings inoculated with the Maryland isolates, however, was also observed in seedlings inoculated with the Alabama isolates. Inoculation of Blackhawk seedlings with Alabama isolates failed to produce cankers whereas inoculation of seedlings of this cultivar with Maryland isolates produced many cankers.
The Electronic Welcome Mat: The Academic Library Web Site as a Marketing and Public Relations Tool

This article explores the potential and reality of using the academic library Web site to market library resources and services, for fundraising, and to market special events. It explores such issues as the placement of a link to academic libraries from institutional home pages and the use of a library Web site to include links to news, exhibits, programs, and fundraising. This article includes a survey of the Web sites of academic libraries that serve general undergraduate populations.
Liberating Behavior from Time‐Bound Control: Expanding the Present Through Hypnosis

Abstract : Temporal perspective was experimentally manipulated by verbal instructions to expand the present while minimizing the significance of past and future. The reactions of trained hypnotic subjects to this induction were compared with hypnotic simulators and non-simulating controls. In a fourth group, time sense was made salient but no suggestion given to alter it. Across a variety of tasks, self-report measures and behavioral observations, this modification of the boundaries between past, present, and future resulted in profound consequences among the hypnotic subjects. Changes in affect, language, thought processes, sensory awareness, and susceptibility to social-emotional contagion, accompanied an expanded present orientation. Non-reactive measures distinguished simulators from hypnotic subjects who apparently were better able than the other subjects to incorporate the induced time distortion and perceive it as a viable alternative to their traditional time perspective. Some implications of time as a pervasive, non-obvious, independent variable in the social control of cognition and behavior are outlined. (Author)
Ammonium ion-dependent isomerization of glutamate dehydrogenase in relation to glutamate synthesis in maize

Abstract The glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH, EC 1.4.1.2] from maize seeds that were germinated in the presence of different concentrations of NH 4 Cl had charge isomers in the pH 5.8–7.5 range. In a three-phase process, different NH 4 Cl concentrations sequentially altered the binomial distribution of the GDH isoenzyme population. The first phase of GDH isomerization was by low ( 58 mM) NH 4 Cl concentrations. Ammonium ion isomerized the GDH by regulating the hexameric subunit assembly reaction. The isomerization was abolished by methionine sulphoximine. The GDH isoenzyme population distribution that was induced by 25 mM NH 4 Cl closely approached the theoretical binomial distribution, and it also gave the highest GDH activity. An analysis of the free amino acids of maize seeds, and comparison of the activities of GDH and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), in each of the three phases of GDH isomerization, showed that GDH was 25% more efficient than GOGAT in the synthesis of l -Glu.
Some theory and results for metrics for bounded response scales

Abstract In an earlier note, a new metric for bounded response scales (MBR) was introduced which resembles the city-block metric but is bounded above. It was suggested the MBR may be more appropriate than minkowski metrics for data obtained with bounded response scales. In this article, some formal properties of the MBR are investigated and it is shown that it is indeed a metric. Empirical predictions are then derived from the MBR and contrasted with those of a “monotonicity hypothesis,” which holds that dissimilarity judgements tend to be biased towards overestimation of larger distances, and with the predictions of the minkowski metrics, which imply additivity of collinear segments. Some empirical results are presented which contradict the monotonicity hypothesis and the minkowski metrics, and favor the MBR. Finally, the logic used to motivate the MBR is invoked to define a subadditive concatenation for bounded norms in the one-dimensional case, which may be useful in psychophysical work where the upper bounds are often real, rather than due to the response scale. This concatenation predicts understimation for doubling and overestimation for halving and middling tasks.
Calibrated quantitative ultrasound imaging of skeletal muscle using backscatter analysis

We evaluated the ability of an ultrasound method, which can characterize cardiac muscle pathology and has reliability across different imaging systems, to obtain calibrated quantitative estimates of backscatter of skeletal muscle. Our procedure utilized a tissue-mimicking phantom to establish a linear relationship between ultrasound grayscale and backscatter levels. We studied skeletal muscles of 82 adults: 45 controls and 37 patients with hereditary myopathies. We found that skeletal muscle ultrasound backscatter levels varied with probe orientation, age, and muscle contraction and pathology. Reliability was greater with the probe in longitudinal compared with transverse planes. Backscatter levels were higher in those >40 years of age, in muscle extension than flexion, and in myopathic patients than controls. Calibrated measurements of muscle backscatter have sensitivity and specificity in identifying and reliably measuring levels of skeletal muscle pathology.
NUCLEON-NUCLEUS OPTICAL POTENTIAL IN A RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF NUCLEAR MATTER

Abstract From a relativistic model of nuclear matter the optical potentials for nucleon scattering from 40Ca and 90Zr are obtained. These potentials are derived from the properties of the target nucleus and are essentially universal. This means that the integrated strength of the optical potential J A = ( 1 A ) ∫ d 3 r U op (r) is very weakly dependent on A. The optical potential for antiparticle-nucleus scattering is also computed.
Adherence of channel catfish virus to sperm and leukocytes

Abstract Although channel catfish virus (CCV) is thought to be vertically transmitted, no mechanism has been demonstrated for such a process. When contained in small volumes of saline, CCV associated rapidly with channel catfish leukocytes and sperm, associated slowly with a continuous cell line of channel catfish cells and did not adhere to channel catfish eggs. This virus-sperm adherence appeared to be a mechanism by which eggs might become infected with virus. However, virus-sperm adherence was not detected when sperm were added to 250 ml of CCV-containing water, indicating that sperm are probably not involved with transmitting CCV into eggs from water or ovarian fluid. Egg infections in channel catfish, if they occur, must be accomplished by mechanisms different from those thought to be involved in the infection of salmonid eggs by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.
SOMATOSTATIN-28: SELECTIVE ACTION ON THE PANCREATIC 8-CELL AND BRAIN

Somatostatin-28 (SS-28) is 380 times as potent as somatostatin-14 (SS-14) to inhibit acutely insulin secretion induced by arginine jLri vivo; SS-28 is only 3 times as potent as SS-14 to inhibit glucagon secretion induced by arginine. D-Trp substitution in position 28 of SS-28 increases potency to 2600 times that of SS-14 for inhibition of arginine induced insulin secretion. SS-28 is 10 and [D-Trp22]-ss-28 is 100 times as potent as SS-14 to act within the central nervous system to inhibit bombesin induced hyperglycemia. SS-28 compared to SS-14 shows pancreatic 6-cell and brain selectivity of action.
Using guanidinium groups for the recognition of RNA and as catalysts for the hydrolysis of RNA

The guanidinium functional group is commonly used in nature to recognize and bind anions through ion pairing and hydrogen bonding. Specific hydrogen-bonding patterns can be found in crystal structures of simple guanidinium salts. Analysis of these simple salts reveals a variety of features which are found in natural systems. These features have been applied to a series of artificial phosphodiesterases for RNA. These receptors incorporate guanidinium groups positioned to mimic the hydrogen-bonding patterns found in simple guanidinium salts and natural enzymes. This paper outlines general guanidinium hydrogen-bonding patterns. Next, the complexation of phosphodiesters with a series of artificial receptors are analyzed in terms of counterions, solvent mixtures, and cavity flexibility. In addition, strategies to enhance catalysis through a pKa analysis of phosphoranes are addressed. Next, we describe how our findings were incorporated into second generation receptors/catalysts. Finally, our future work is discussed.
Correlates of children's adjustment to their parents' divorces

Children's divorce adjustment is examined, along with its social, familial, and psychological correlates.
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of counter-rotating discs

Observations of galaxies and models of accreting systems point to the occurrence of counter-rotating discs where the inner part of the disc (r < r0) is co-rotating and the outer part is counter-rotating. This work analyzes the linear stability of radially separated co- and counter-rotating thin discs. The strong instability found is the supersonic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The growth rates are of the order of or larger than the angular rotation rate at the interface. The instability is absent if there is no vertical dependence of the perturbation. That is, the instability is essentially threedimensional. The nonlinear evolution of the instability is predicted to lead to a mixing of the two components, strong heating of the mixed gas, and vertical expansion of the gas, and annihilation of the angular momenta of the two components. As a result the heated gas will free-fall towards the disc’s center over the surface of the inner disc.
Lichenostigma svandae, a new lichenicolous fungus on Acarospora cervina

The new species Lichenostigma svandae is described. It is known exclusively from Acarospora cervina, where it forms black stromatic hyphal strands and black sack-shaped ascomata on the host thallus surface. It is similar to L. elongatum and L. rouxii, but differs in a few characters. A short overview of the known Lichenostigma species is provided.
Preclinical readiness testing of the Arrow International CorAide left ventricular assist system.

Abstract Background Left ventricular assist system technologies are currently being developed as effective alternatives to cardiac transplantation. In this study, in vivo testing of the Arrow International CorAide left ventricular assist system was conducted to determine its preclinical readiness based on demonstrated system performance and biocompatibility. Methods Arrow International CorAide blood pump assemblies were implanted in 7 calves for 1-month (n = 4) and 3-month (n = 3) durations without the use of chronic anticoagulation therapy. Hemodynamic performance, physiologic pump control, end-organ function, and device-related adverse events were evaluated during the studies and at autopsy. Results Hemodynamics were stable in all cases with a mean pump flow of 4.1 ± 0.8 L/min and a mean arterial pressure of 101 ± 4 mm Hg. In all calves, renal and hepatic function remained normal with no incidence of hemolysis, infection, bleeding, or embolism. The CorAide physiologic control algorithm demonstrated appropriate pump speed and flow adjustments in response to physiologically induced inputs, and the system's external electronic components demonstrated no hardware or software malfunction. All 7 cases were sacrificed electively. Autopsy revealed no sign of end-organ disease on gross and histologic examinations, and no device failure, malfunction, or mechanical wear of the pump blood-bearing surfaces was found. Conclusions The Arrow CorAide left ventricular assist system demonstrated effective pump performance and good biocompatibility with no incidence of device-related adverse events. This system has completed its preclinical readiness testing and is approved for clinical trials in Europe in 2003.