cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical parallelization and optimization of high-order stencil computations on multicore clusters

We present a scalable parallelization scheme for high-order stencil computations that also optimizes memory behavior on multicore clusters. Our multilevel approach combines: (i) inter-node parallelization via spatial decomposition; (ii) inter-core parallelization via multithreading and explicit non-uniform memory access (NUMA) control; (iii) data locality optimizations through auto-tuned tiling for efficient use of hierarchical memory; and (iv) register blocking and data parallelism via single-instruction multiple-data techniques to utilize registers and exploit data locality. The scheme is applied to a sixth-order stencil based finite-difference time-domain code. Weak-scaling parallel efficiency is over 98 % on 32,768 BlueGene/P processors. Multithreading with explicit NUMA control attains 9.9-fold speedup on a dual 12-core AMD Opteron system. Data locality optimizations achieve 7.7-fold reduction of the last level cache miss rate of Intel Nehalem, whereas register blocking increases data parallelism and thereby achieves 5.9 Gflops performance on a single core. Register blocking + multithreading optimizations achieve 5.8-fold speedup on a single quadcore Nehalem.
Intracochlear and extracochlear ECAPs suggest antidromic action potentials

With experimental animals, the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) can be recorded from multiple sites (e.g., round window, intracranial and intracochlear sites). However, human ECAPs are typically recorded from intracochlear electrodes of the implanted array. To bridge this difference, we obtained ECAPs from cats using both intracochlear and nerve-trunk recording sites. We also sought to determine how recording the site influences the acquired evoked potential and how those differences may provide insight into basic excitation properties. In the main experiment, ECAPs were recorded from four acutely deafened cats after implanting a Nucleus-style banded electrode array. Potentials were recorded from an electrode positioned on the nerve trunk and an intracochlear electrode. We manipulated stimulus level, electrode configuration (monopolar vs bipolar) and stimulus polarity, variables that influence the site of excitation. Intracochlear ECAPs were found to be an order of magnitude greater than those obtained with the nerve-trunk electrode. Also, compared with the nerve-trunk potentials, the intracochlear ECAPs more closely resembled those obtained from humans in that latencies were shorter and the waveform morphology was typically biphasic (a negative peak followed by a positive peak). With anodic monophasic stimuli, the ECAP had a unique positive-to-negative morphology which we attributed to antidromic action potentials resulting from a relatively central site of excitation. We also collected intracochlear ECAPs from twenty Nucleus 24 implant users. Compared with the feline ECAPs, the human potentials had smaller amplitudes and longer latencies. It is not clear what underlies these differences, although several factors are considered.
Chronic Administration of Haloperidol and Olanzapine Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Brain Metabolic Activation

The fact that chronic administration of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs is required for optimal therapeutic response suggests that drug-induced adaptive neurochemical changes contribute to their mechanism of action. In the present study, the effects of chronic and acute haloperidol and olanzapine were compared on ketamine-induced activation of select brain regions, as reflected by altered regional 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake. Rats were injected once daily with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) or olanzapine (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, and 20 to 24 h after the final injection was challenged with saline or ketamine (25 mg/kg). The washout period was used to test the effects of chronic drug treatment without the influence of acute drug administration. In vehicle-treated rats, ketamine increased 2-DG uptake in select brain regions, including medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, stratum lacunosum-moleculare of hippocampus, and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. This selective activation was attenuated by prior chronic treatment with both haloperidol and olanzapine. After acute treatment, olanzapine, but not haloperidol, blocked the ketamine-induced activation of 2-DG uptake. These data suggest that both haloperidol and olanzapine can induce adaptive responses that counteract effects of ketamine. However, the differences observed in the acute effects of the two drugs in the ketamine challenge model suggest that different mechanisms could be responsible for their common chronic action of attenuating ketamine-induced brain metabolic activation.
Modularity meets inheritance

Several roles of classes in existing languages are unbundled by providing a suite of operators independently controlling such effects as combination, modification, encapsulation, name resolution, and sharing, all on the single notion of a module. It is pointed out that all module operators are forms of inheritance: thus, inheritance not only is not in conflict with modularity in the present system, but is its foundation. This allows a previously unobtainable spectrum of features to be combined in a cohesive manner, including multiple inheritance, mixings, encapsulation, and strong typing. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a language called Jigsaw. The language is modular in two senses: it manipulates modules and it is highly modular in its own conception, permitting various module combinators to be included, omitted, or newly constructed in various realizations. >
“By the Silent Writing of Its a” Différance and the Performance of Medium Theory

With communication as a medium, one is always already present in the economy of exchange, yet within that exchange there is a coetaneous presence of undecidability that haunts every act, where meaning is indeterminate and understanding is an impossible guarantee. This essay will illustrate how this gets literally performed visibly in the play of differance between speech and writing. This essay argues that the Derridean “neographism” differance should be the concern of communication scholars as a kind of rhetorical strategy that is medium based and cannot cross communication forms.
Selective effect of Apo e4 on CA3 and dentate in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease using high resolution MRI at 4 T.

Abstract Background Details of the internal hippocampal structure visible at 4 T allow for in vivo volumetry of subfields. The aims of this study were: 1. To determine if Apo e4 has subfield specific effects in controls. 2. To study the influence of Apo e4 on hippocampal subfields in AD. Methods 81 subjects (66 controls, mean age 60.8 ± 13.6, range: 28–85 years), and 15 AD (mean age 67.5 ± 9.3) were studied. Entorhinal cortex, subiculum, CA1, CA1–CA2 transition zone, CA3–4 and dentate gyrus (CA3&DG) and total hippocampal volume were determined using a manual marking strategy. Results Significant effects for Apo e4 on the CA3&DG were found in the total control population ( p = 0.042) and in older controls (61–85 years) ( p = 0.036) but not in younger (28–60 years) controls. Significant effects for Apo e4 ( p = 0.0035) on CA3&DG were also found in a subgroup of older subjects and AD subjects. AD with Apo e4 had smaller CA3&DG than AD without Apo e4 ( p = 0.027). Conclusions These findings suggest that Apo e4 exerts a regionally selective effect on CA3&DG in normal aging and AD.
Anal sac gland adenocarcinoma in the dog: 14 cases

Anal sac gland adenocarcinomas were identified in 14 dogs, 11 of which were female. The majority of the dogs were over 9 years old. Recurrence and metastasis to regional lymph nodes were common. Pseudo-hyper-parathyroidism may be seen in association with this tumour.
2D crystalline order and defects in a stack of membranes

We consider the stability of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline order within the membranes of a lyotropic lamellar phase, concentrating on the effects of 2D crystal dislocations and thermal undulations. At lamellar spacings d less than a critical value, the 2D melting transition is found to be essentially unaffected by the flexibility of the membranes, and thus occurs at a melting temperature T m near that of a single membrane on a rigid substrate. At larger spacings, the interactions between membranes become weak enough to allow buckling of the membrane in a finite region around each thermally excited dislocation. This leads to a partial screening of the elastic interactions between dislocations, and acts to depress, but not destroy, the melting transition. Thermal undulations act to soften the membrane and thus further depress T m , which is predicted to vanish continuously in the limit of large d. We discuss implications for recent experiments on biological membranes
Job fairness in non-preemptive job scheduling

Job scheduling has been a much studied topic over the years. While past research has studied the effect of various scheduling policies using metrics such as turnaround time, slowdown, utilization etc., there has been little research on how fair a nonpreemptive scheduling policy is. We propose an approach to assessing fairness in nonpreemptive job scheduling. Our basic model of fairness is that no later arriving job should delay an earlier arriving job. We quantitatively assess the fairness of several job scheduling strategies and propose a new strategy that seeks to improve fairness.
The vertical dimensions of the face and skeletodental retrognathism.

Abstract This study deals with nine vertical dimensions in skeletodental retrognathism. Twenty-five boys and twenty-five girls, 11 years of age, with Class II molar relationships and ANB angles of 4.5 degrees or greater, were compared with twelve girls and thirteen boys, 11 years of age, with Class I molar relationships and ANB angles of less than 4.5 degrees. The vertical dimensions used were found to be significantly larger in the boys than in the girls. The vertical position of the mandible and palatal portion of the maxilla was not found to be different in retrognathism, but there appeared to be a slight tendency for the maxillary dentoalveolar height to be greater in retrognathism than in orthognathism. On the other hand, in these samples, there was no difference between retrognathism and orthognathism in anteroposterior position of the maxillary dentition relative to sella. A significant difference was found between samples for both sexes in the mandible, which was found to be smaller and more posteriorly positioned in retrognathism than in orthognathism. It was observed that the mandibular plane angle is slightly larger in retrognathism than orthognathism. However, the size of the mandibular plane angle appears to be related only slightly to the severity of the retrognathism.
Risk Taking Under the Influence: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory of Emotion in Adolescence

Fuzzy-trace theory explains risky decision making in children, adolescents, and adults, incorporating social and cultural factors as well as differences in impulsivity. Here, we provide an overview of the theory, including support for counterintuitive predictions (e.g., when adolescents “rationally” weigh costs and benefits, risk taking increases, but it decreases when the core gist of a decision is processed). Then, we delineate how emotion shapes adolescent risk taking—from encoding of representations of options, to retrieval of values/principles, to application of those values/principles to representations of options. Our review indicates that: (i) Gist representations often incorporate emotion including valence, arousal, feeling states, and discrete emotions; and (ii) Emotion determines whether gist or verbatim representations are processed. We recommend interventions to reduce unhealthy risk-taking that inculcate stable gist representations, enabling adolescents to identify quickly and automatically danger even when experiencing emotion, which differs sharply from traditional approaches emphasizing deliberation and precise analysis.
SOFIA's challenge: automated scheduling of airborne astronomy observations

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) will require scheduling flights in support of observations proposed by many different investigators. Automation will be crucial to enable efficient and effective scheduling of SOFIA flights. We have designed an automated flight planner (AFP) that accepts as input a set of requested observations, designated flight days, weather predictions and fuel limitations, and searches automatically for high-quality flight plans that satisfy all relevant aircraft and astronomer specified constraints. The AFP can generate one week's worth of flights in tens of minutes of computation time, a feat beyond the capabilities of human flight planners. The rate at which the AFP can generate flights enables a small staff to assess and analyze complex tradeoff's between fuel consumption, estimated science quality and the percentage of scheduled observations.
Nosocomial infection rates in adult and pediatric intensive care units in the United States

Abstract To determine which intensive care unit (ICU) infection rate may be best for interhospital and intrahospital comparisons and to assess the influence of invasive devices and type of ICU on infection rates, we analyzed data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. From October 1986 to December 1990, 79 hospitals reported 2,334 hospital-months of data from 196 hospitals units. The median overall infection rate was 9.2 infections per 100 patients. However, this infection rate had a strong positive correlation with average length of ICU stay (r = 0.60, p
Supernovae as sources of interstellar diamonds

Small hydrocarbon grains in the vicinity of a supernova could be annealed by the absorption of several far-ultraviolet photons to produce the tiny diamonds found in meteorites. These freshly-synthesized diamond grains would be bombarded by the heavy ions and neutrals in the supernovae outflow and would thereby acquire the distinctive noble-gas isotopic signature by which they were first isolated. Only diamonds formed relatively close to supernovae would acquire such a signature, since grains formed farther out would be subjected to a much diluted and less energetic plasma environment.
Implantation approach to SEU suppression in GaAs

It is shown that oxygen-implanted GaAs with oxygen concentrations of 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/ (or 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ if co-implanted with Al), annealed in the 500-850/spl deg/C temperature range, can result in highly resistive layers with subpicosecond free-carrier lifetimes. It is suggested that such layers can be used to suppress single event upsets (SEUs) in GaAs digital circuits.
Laurence Moss: A Remembrance

Laurence S. Moss, in addition to being one of the truly great economics journal editors with whom I have had the pleasure of working, was a scholar of tremendous reputation. His contributions to the history of economic thought covered a range of topics, from the development of preclassical and classical economics (Hobbes, Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Longfield) to neoclassical economics (Marshall, Edgeworth) to institutional/evolutionary economics (George, Schumpeter) to Austrian economics (Menger, Mises, Hayek). In addition, he wrote numerous essays on entrepreneurship, economic methodology, and issues relating to the law. His passing is a loss to all who appreciated his intellectual breadth, his personal charm and warmth, his iconoclasm, and his editorial brilliance. As a journal editor, he, along with Mark Perlman, founding editor of the Journal of Economic Literature, may be acknowledged to have set a standard of excellence. From 1997 until his death, he masterfully edited The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, a journal typically associated with Georgist political economy but, under Larry's editorship, hardly recognizable as such--nor is the fact that Larry was, himself, something of a libertarian in Austrian clothing (or perhaps the other way around). My personal association with the inimitable Larry Moss came relatively late, and somewhat unexpectedly. I had not known Larry very long when, in 2004, he persuaded me to prepare a paper for the Eastern Economic Association meetings in New York, to be held March 5, 2005, for a session on the works and influence of Henry George. This was to be a celebration of a revised edition of Robert V. Andelson's two-volume work, Critics of Henry George, 2nd Edition published posthumously. Larry could, of course, be quite persuasive, but in this case it took only a single e-mail request! While somewhat apprehensive of accepting such an invitation--I had never read anything by George, and was familiar only in passing with his notion of the single tax--I nonetheless agreed to participate. Larry sent along the two volumes, published as special issues of the American Journal of Economics and Sociology, and later reissued in book form, devoted to criticisms of George's economics and his social and political thought. After perusing these volumes and wading into Progress and Poverty and other writings, as well as numerous pieces from the critics, friendly and otherwise, I finally settled on a topic that, to my surprise, was one to which Larry himself had more than a passing interest--the social philosophy of Henry George. …
Ultrasound-mediated oxygen delivery to lower extremity wounds.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI), an end result of peripheral ar- terial disease, remains a major clinical challenge. Wound healing in patients with CLI can be difficult due to diminished tissue oxygen- ation, often leading to recalcitrant ulcers and frequent limb loss. Nu- merous therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), have been used to correct this regional ischemia, although often with mixed results. This case series investigates the effects of oxygen therapy de- livery augmented by low-frequency ultrasound, a device that combines surface acoustic waveform (SAW) low-frequency ultrasound with hyper- oxygenated saline to deliver oxygen to wounds. Participants included 7 patients (7 men, median age 63 years, all with hypertension) with CLI and full-thickness wounds. PaO2 measurements were taken before (baseline), after provision of hyper-oxygenated saline, and after soni- fication. The device was found to successfully oxygenate the wound beds; PaO2 levels increased by a median of 59.7%, a maximum of 116%, and a median absolute difference peaking at 10.8 mmHg PaO2 (P = 0.018). In conclusion, the treatment increases wound oxygen levels and may be an option in CLI therapy.
Evidence for One-way Valves in the Water-flow System of Sponges

SUMMARY A water current over a marine sponge can increase flow through the sponge; even a current below the active pumping rate is effective. To investigate the structural correlates of such flow induction, two series of models were tested in a flow tank. These models were hollow cylinders with either wall perforations serving as ostia or an apical orifice as osculum. They were connected to an external reservoir which acted as a water source with the osculum exposed to flow, or as a sink where ostia were exposed. The reservoir could be raised or lowered to simulate active pumping. The models differed from intact sponges in showing much lower flow induction in general and no induction with ambient currents much below the active pumping rate. The magnitude of flow induction could be raised to near normal by the addition of one-way valves in the model ostia. These valves prevented backflow out of the ostia lateral and downstream to the current while permitting the positive pressure on the upstream ostia to augment flow. To be effective at low ambient currents, the valves had to be isolated from the active pump; if the valves were located in the 'dermis', the 'subdermal space' provided the requisite isolation. Direct evidence for functional valves was obtained by cannulating freshly collected HaUclona viridis and observing that water could be more easily drawn out of an osculum than forced into it.
Monoclonal antibodies and a heterobifunctional reagent: a novel approach to the vectorial labeling of selected membrane proteins.

Many applications exist and others are envisioned for the chemical coupling of macromolecules to membrane proteins on the surface of mammalian cells. The ability to use antibody as a means to label and subsequently to follow the distribution of cell surface proteins is reported here. A new procedure is outlined for covalently coupling monoclonal antibodies to thiol-containing membrane proteins. The key reagent in the coupling reaction is the commercially available heterobifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). The coupling proceeds in a simple two-step reaction in aqueous medium under very mild conditions. This results in a very efficient and stable attachment of anti-hapten antibodies to a selected set of cell surface proteins without any loss in cell viability and without denaturing the antibody molecule. The hapten-binding activity of the antibody is exploited to monitor the re-distribution of the antibody-labeled cell surface proteins periodically after the coupling re...
Reaction Kinetics of Mixed CuO–Fe2O3 with Methane as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion

Reduction kinetics of alumina supported mixed Cu–ferrite oxide by methane was investigated for chemical looping combustion by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in the temperature range of 750–900 °C using continuous streams of 10%, 20%, and 30% CH4 concentrations balanced by helium. The rate of reduction was determined by weight change. The variations of activation energies and n values (JMA exponent) during the reduction conversion indicate that the methane combustion with CuO and Fe2O3 proceeds via a multistage reaction process. A kinetic model based on three parallel reactions was applied to the reduction data. The analysis of reduction showed that three reduction steps proceed simultaneously with the activation energies of 55.32 ± 3.11, 70.0 ± 2.0, and 165.0 ± 5.4 kJ/mol, respectively.
Interdependence of bronchial circulation and clearance of 99mTc-DTPA from the airway surface.

The extent to which the systemic vasculature is involved in soluble-particle uptake in the conducting airways has not been studied extensively. In anesthetized, ventilated sheep, 6–10 μl of technet...
Digoxin elimination by exchange transfusion

The report covers four cases presenting simultaneous indications for digitalisation and exchange transfusions. Intravenous administration of digoxin was followed: 1. by monitoring of the behaviour of the plasma digoxin level; 2. by determination of the total amount of glycoside eliminated by the blood exchange. Particular attention was paid to the effect of the delay between injection and exchange transfusion on the amount of digoxin eliminated. All four cases showed moderate falls in plasma levels. The amounts of digoxin eliminated by exchange transfusion were in reverse relationship to the delay between administration of digoxin and the blood exchange. At no time did the eliminated fraction exceed 5% of the total amount present in the body.
"Textual Analysis" in the "Screen Theory"

This article intends to discuss the "textual analysis" approach in the "Screen Theory".In 1970s,the "Screen Theory",centering around the British film studies journal Screen,developed its unique filmic "textual analysis" and filmic psychoanalysis approach framed in a leftist ideological-semiotic-psychoanalytic discourse,which greatly affected modern film theories.Because of its intricate intertwining and interweaving with the British Cultural Studies represented by the "Birmingham Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies",a clarification of the "Screen Theory" today is also meaningful for deepening our understanding of the "Cultural Studies".
Effects of Different Urea Application Amount and Transplanting Seedling Number on Yield of Aromatic Hybrid Rice Qianxiangyou 302

The split spot trial was conducted to investigate effects of different urea application amount and transplanting seedling number on yield of the aromatic hybrid rice Qianxiangyou 302 in Guiyang with an elevation of 1100 meters in 2006.The results showed that the yield of 642.78 kg/667m2 can be obtained under 1000 kg/667m2 of broad bean green manure as the basic manure,55d of seedling age,12 thousand plant/667m2 of basic seedlings,two seedlings per hole,10 kg/667m2 of urea and sowing on April 1.It is discussed to the cultivation technique for planting qianxiangyou 302 in the area with an elevation of 1100～1300 meters and its economic effect.
Hydrogen Traps in Cold-Worked Palladium

The enhancement of a phase H solubility in Pd due to the interaction of dissolved H atoms with the stress fields of dislocations was investigated several years ago by one of the authors and his coworkers (1). This phenomenon has been reinvestigated recently by Kircheim (2,3) using an electrochemical technique which allows the monitoring of much lower H contents than the volumetric technique used in the earlier study (1). Solubility enhancements as great as 106 were reported by Kircheim at the lowest H-contents which could be measured. The solubility enhancement is defined as the ratio r′/r where r′ and r are the H-to-Pd atom ratios for a sample with a large dislocation density and for a well-annealed sample, respectively, where both values of r are measured at the same chemical potential of H. Such large solubility enhancements were not found in the original study (1) which was limited to solubilities in excess of r ≃ 10−3. The solubility enhancements were found to be nearly independent of r for r>10−3; this independence is consistent with the theory of the interaction of the elastic fields of edge dislocations with solute atoms (4). The purpose of the present study is to extend the earlier studies (1) using the volumetric technique to the low H content range where the anomalous solubility was noted by Kircheim (2,3).
TH‐AB‐207A‐09: Tailoring TCM Schemes to a Task: Evaluating the Impact of Customized TCM Profiles On Detection of Lung Nodules in Simulated CT Lung Cancer Screening

Purpose: Recent work has shown that current TCM profile designs boost detection of low-contrast lung lesions in the lung apices, but yield reduced detection performance in the mid and lower lung regions relative to fixed tube current cases. This observed imbalance suggests that the TCM scheme might be tailored in new ways to maximize nodule detection throughout the entire lung. In this work, we begin a preliminary investigation into custom TCM profiles in an attempt to achieve uniform lesion detection throughout the extent of the lung. Methods: Low-contrast (25HU), 6mm nodules representing ground glass opacities were simulated at 1mm intervals over the length the lungs in a voxelized model of the XCAT phantom, one nodule per lung, per simulated scan. Voxel values represented attenuation values at 80keV. CT projection data was created by simulating a finite focal spot and using Joseph's method for forward projection; scanner geometry was that of the Siemens Sensation 64 and the X-ray source was simulated as an 80keV monochromatic beam. Noise realizations were created using Poisson statistics, a realistic bowtie filter and varying tube current. 500 noise realizations were created for the custom TCM designs. All reconstruction was done with FreeCT_wFBP. An SKE/BKE task was used in conjunction with a 2D Hotelling Observer to calculate area-under-the-curve (AUC) as a proxy for “detectability.” AUC was plotted as a function of nodule Z-location to create a “detectability map.” The detectability map for the custom TCM curve was qualitatively assessed relative to previous results for the fixed TC and clinical TCM cases for uniformity. Results: Detection uniformity was improved throughout the mid and lower lungs, however detection remained disproportionately high in the upper lung region. Conclusion: Detection uniformity was improved with a custom TC profile. Future work will incorporate an analytic, task-specific approach to optimize the TC scheme for nodule detection. J. Hoffman: Part-time intern, Toshiba Medical Research Institute; M. McNitt-Gray: Institutional research agreement, Siemens Healthcare; Past recipient, research grant support, Siemens Healthcare; Consultant, Toshiba America Medical Systems; Consultant, Samsung Electronics; F. Noo: Institutional research agreement, Siemens Healthcare; Receives research funding from Siemens Healthcare
Depression and genetic causal attribution of epilepsy in multiplex epilepsy families

SummaryObjectives Rapid advances in genetic research and increased use of genetic testing have increased the emphasis on genetic causes of epilepsy in patient encounters. Research in other disorders suggests that genetic causal attributions can influence patients' psychological responses and coping strategies, but little is known about how epilepsy patients and their relatives will respond to genetic attributions of epilepsy. We investigated the possibility that among members of families containing multiple individuals with epilepsy, depression, the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in the epilepsies, might be related to the perception that epilepsy has a genetic cause. Methods A self-administered survey was completed by 417 individuals in 104 families averaging 4 individuals with epilepsy per family. Current depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire. Genetic causal attribution was assessed by three questions addressing the following: perceived likelihood of having an epilepsy-related mutation, perceived role of genetics in causing epilepsy in the family, and (in individuals with epilepsy) perceived influence of genetics in causing the individual's epilepsy. Relatives without epilepsy were asked about their perceived chance of developing epilepsy in the future, compared with the average person. Results Prevalence of current depression was 14.8% in 182 individuals with epilepsy, 6.5% in 184 biologic relatives without epilepsy, and 3.9% in 51 individuals married into the families. Among individuals with epilepsy, depression was unrelated to genetic attribution. Among biologic relatives without epilepsy, however, prevalence of depression increased with increasing perceived chance of having an epilepsy-related mutation (p = 0.02). This association was not mediated by perceived future epilepsy risk among relatives without epilepsy. Significance Depression is associated with perceived likelihood of carrying an epilepsy-related mutation among individuals without epilepsy in families containing multiple affected individuals. This association should be considered when addressing mental health issues in such families.
ALK alterations and inhibition in lung cancer

The advent of precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer has remarkably altered the direction of research and improved clinical outcomes. The identification of molecular subsets with differential response to targeted therapies began with the identification of epidermal growth factor receptor mutated tumors in subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emboldened by unprecedented response rates to kinase inhibitors seen in that subset, the oncologic community searched for other molecular subsets featuring oncogene addiction. An early result of this search was the discovery of NSCLC driven by activating rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. In an astoundingly brief period following the recognition of ALK-positive NSCLC, details of the biology, clinicopathologic features, development of targeted inhibitors, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, and new generations of treatment were elucidated. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathologic features, diagnostic approach, treatment options, resistance mechanisms, and future research areas for ALK-positive NSCLC.
Combined Neurosurgical and Craniofacial Approach for Large Intracranial Tumor

Craniofacial approaches may still be necessary, especially in those cases with significant intracranial tumor burden, those with intimate tumor association with the internal carotid artery (ICA), and those where the tumor has a significant extension laterally to the carotid artery. Complications including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may necessitate reoperation or cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Meticulous closure using vascularized flaps minimizes the incidence of such complications. Given the proximity of the pathology to the intracranial circulation, the surgical team must be prepared for and able to perform standard revascularization procedures in the setting of inadvertent injury to these vessels. In this chapter, the craniofacial approach to juvenile angiofibromas is discussed along with outcomes in a cohort of patients treated using this strategy.
Observations on the growth of urethral and vaginal bacteria in sterile urine.

AbstractVoided, midstream urine specimens from 127 patients and volunteers with sterile bladder urine were incubated for 24 hours to measure the presence or absence of inhibitory activity in urine to small numbers (100 or less bacteria per milliliter) of contaminating Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella), enterococci and several species of the normal perineal flora. Virtually no inhibitory activity was found for Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci or Staphylococcus epidermidis when measured by substantial growth at 24 hours.Of the 32 patients with 100 or less Enterobacteriaceae per milliliter urine before incubation, 30 urine specimens had growth of 105 bacteria per milliliter or more of the same organism; 9 of 30 specimens began growth at less than 10 Enterobacteriaceae per milliliter urine. The 39 urine specimens containing 104 or more enterococci or Staphylococcus epidermidis after 24 hours of incubation began with original inocula of 100 bacteria per milliliter or less; 28 of 39 bega...
Pilot Plant Production of Glucose from Starch with Soluble α-amylase and Immobilized Glucoamylase

This report is an account of the pilot plant studies on cooking and thinning of corn starch with free α-amylase and the conversion of the resulting dextrin to glucose with glucoamylase immobilized to porous silica. Previous pilot plant work, in which dextrin produced by acid hydrolysis was further hydrolyzed to glucose with immobilized glucoamylase, has been reported elsewhere (1). Mainly emphasized here is the effect of feed composition on the rate of intraparticle diffusion and the effect of enzyme immobilization on the reactor selectivity.
Speech-Language Assessment Considerations for American Indian and Alaska Native Children Who Are Dual Language Learners

The overrepresentation of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children in special education, including children who are dual language learners (DLLs), is a major concern. Speech-language path...
Digital affordances on WeChat: learning Chinese as a second language

Different from the traditional term language input, affordance, an ecological term, has been deployed to analyze the perceived opportunities for second language (L2) learning an environment provide...
Theranostic Nanoparticles for Tracking and Monitoring Disease State

The development of novel nanoparticles consisting of both diagnostic and therapeutic components has increased over the past decade. These “theranostic” nanoparticles have been tailored toward one or more types of imaging modalities and have been developed for optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and nuclear imaging comprising both single-photon computed tomography and positron emission tomography. In this review, we focus on state-of-the-art theranostic nanoparticles that are capable of both delivering therapy and self-reporting/tracking disease through imaging. We discuss challenges and the opportunity to rapidly adjust treatment for individualized medicine.
Response of the respiratory mucosal cells to mycobacterium avium subsp. Hominissuis microaggregate.

Mycobacterium avium: subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly infects immunocompromised individuals. Recently, we described an invasive phenotypic change MAH undergoes when incubated with lung airway epithelial host cells for 24 h, which is accompanied with microaggregate formation in vitro. The microaggregate phenotype also resulted in higher colonization in the lungs of mice early during infection. Previously, we identified genes highly regulated during microaggregate formation and further characterized the function of two highly upregulated bacterial proteins, mycobacterial binding protein-1 (MBP-1) and mycobacterial inversion protein-1 (MIP-1), which were found to be involved in binding and invasion of the respiratory mucosa. While these studies are valuable in understanding the pathogenesis of MAH, they primarily investigated the bacteria during microaggregate infection without commenting on the differences in the host response to microaggregate and planktonic infection. The bacteria–host interaction between microaggregates and epithelial cells was examined in a variety of assays. Using a transwell polarized epithelial cell model, microaggregates translocated through the monolayer more efficiently than planktonic bacteria at set timepoints. In addition, during infection with microaggregate and planktonic bacteria, host phosphorylated proteins were identified revealing differences in immune response, glutathione synthesis, and apoptosis. The host immune response was further investigated by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion during microaggregate and planktonic infection of BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. The epithelial cells secreted more CCL5 during infection with microaggregates suggesting that this chemokine may play an important role during microaggregate invasion. Subsequent experiments showed that microaggregates are formed more efficiently in the presence of CCL5, suggesting that MAH had evolved a strategy to use the host response in its benefit. Collectively, this study establishes the different nature of infection by planktonic bacteria and microaggregates.
The Role of RNA Binding Proteins in Tumorigenesis

Posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms control expression of a variety of genes implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation, fibrotic repair and neoplasia. Posttranscriptional regulation involves specific interactions between specific mRNA binding sequences that interact with mRNA binding proteins. These cis-trans interactions can either stabilize or destabilize the mRNAs. Of the genes regulated at the posttranscriptional level, components of the uPA-uPAR fibrinolytic system are prominently represented and these pathways could importantly influence the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation and neoplasia. uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 are expressed by lung and pleural mesothelial cells and are implicated in the pathogenesis of remodeling of the injured lung and pleural space and in cancers that occur in these locations. It is now clear that the expression of each of these genes is regulated at the posttranscriptional level and that the regulatory mechanisms involve the interaction of these mRNAs with specific mRNA binding proteins that control mRNA stability.
X-Ray and Shubnikov-De Haas Studies of C8n AsF5(n= 1,2,3)

(0,0,l)-X-ray-reflection studies of single crystal and HOPG graphites intercalated with AsF5 have provided maps of the c-axis charge density distribution of these intercalates. Analysis of this distribution allows an estimate of the ratio of AsF6 -:AsF5 in the intercalant layers. This in turn yields the charge transfer f (how far the reaction 3 AsF5 + 2 e- → 2 AsF6 - + AsF3 has proceded to the right). Presence of significant AsF5 shows that in stage 2, f ≃ 0.4 − 0.45, considerably below the maximum value of 2/3.
Recent Research On The Multi-Frequency Recirculating Planar Magnetron

High power microwave sources that are capable of generating multiple frequencies simultaneously are desirable for applications such as counter electronics and vehicle stoppers. The Multi-Frequency Recirculating Planar Magnetron1, an adaptation of the Recirculating Planar Magnetron (RPM)2, has been developed at the University of Michigan to oscillate at 1-GHz as well as 2-GHz. Driven by a -300 kV, $0.3- 1.0 \mu \mathrm {s}$ voltage pulse from MELBA-C, this device has generated peak powers of 44 MW and 21 MW at 1-GHz and 2-GHz, respectively, with a 0.11–0.3 T axial magnetic field.
Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation

In sexual reproduction, a male gamete or sperm cell fuses with a female gamete to bring about fertilization. However, a large number of sperm cells with fertilizing ability are required to interact with a female gamete to ensure fertilization. As such, the fertilizing ability of individual sperm cells is critical for successful reproduction. Density gradient centrifugation has been utilized for several decades as a reproducible, fast, efficient, effective and extremely adaptable method to collect only high-quality sperm to be used in assisted reproductive technology. The protocols we described herein focus on the utilization of the discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) technique to isolate three distinct populations of rooster sperm by their quality. We were able to collect low-, medium- and high-quality sperm. We also describe reproducible protocols that entail determining fertility potential of sperm by assessing their viability, mobility and penetrability. Collection of sperm by their quality using PDGC technique would be useful to accurately and thoroughly characterize sperm with differential fertility potential.
A Rank 18 Waring Decomposition of sM〈3〉 with 432 Symmetries

The recent discovery that the exponent of matrix multiplication is determined by the rank of the symmetrized matrix multiplication tensor has invigorated interest in better understanding symmetrize...
Rowell syndrome with recurrence from photoexacerbation: A case report

Rowell syndrome is a controversial entity composed of erythema multiforme-like lesions coexisting with lupus erythematosus. We describe a case of a 61-year-old male with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with photoexacerbated flaccid bullae and erosive plaques after repetitive sun exposure. Based on his clinical history, biopsy, and laboratory findings, he fulfilled diagnostic criteria for Rowell syndrome as described by Zeitouni et al. With oral prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and local wound care with petrolatum, the patient's number of lesions decreased, as well as his pain and tenderness. He subsequently did not develop any new erosions. This case highlights the diagnostic criteria of this hybrid clinicopathological syndrome and its nature of photosensitivity.
Solving Random Systems of Quadratic Equations with Tanh Wirtinger Flow.

Solving quadratic systems of equations in n variables and m measurements of the form $y_i = |a^T_i x|^2$ , $i = 1, ..., m$ and $x \in R^n$ , which is also known as phase retrieval, is a hard nonconvex problem. In the case of standard Gaussian measurement vectors, the wirtinger flow algorithm Chen and Candes (2015) is an efficient solution. In this paper, we proposed a new form of wirtinger flow and a new spectral initialization method based on this new algorithm. We proved that the new wirtinger flow and initialization method achieve linear sample and computational complexities. We further extended the new phasing algorithm by combining it with other existing methods. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our new method in the low data to parameter ratio settings where the number of measurements which is less than information-theoretic limit, namely, $m < 2n$, via numerical tests. For instance, our method can solve the quadratic systems of equations with gaussian measurement vector with probability $\ge 97\%$ when $m/n = 1.7$ and $n = 1000$, and with probability $\approx 60\%$ when $m/n = 1.5$ and $n = 1000$.
Comparison of Autologous Vein and Bovine Carotid Artery Graft as a Bypass Conduit in Arterial Trauma.

Background Surgical revascularization is the mainstay treatment in treating most traumatic arterial injuries, and autologous great saphenous vein is widely regarded as the conduit of choice. However, the use of the great saphenous vein may be limited by many factors, and there are little data to guide management in this setting. Bovine carotid artery graft (Artegraft, Inc., North Brunswick, NJ, USA) is a biologic conduit that has been used in select trauma cases at our center. The objective of this study was to review and compare our experience with autologous vein and bovine carotid artery in traumatic arterial injuries requiring bypass or interposition. Methods This is a retrospective review of all patients with a traumatic arterial injury repaired with autologous vein or bovine carotid artery graft at a single center between April 2014 and October 2016. Outcomes of interest included differences in duration of ischemia, operative times, patency, limb salvage, graft-related complications, and functional status. Results Thirty patients were included in this study. Seventeen (57%) injuries were to the lower extremity (LE) and 13 (43%) to the upper extremity. Bovine carotid artery graft was used as a conduit in 12 (40%) cases, while autologous vein was used in 18 (60%) patients. Patients were predominantly male (90%). Mean age was 31 ± 15 years. Comorbidities did not differ significantly between the groups. Mean follow-up duration was 19 ± 13 months. Overall primary patency was 82%: bovine versus autologous vein (78% vs. 85%; P = 0.68). Overall secondary patency was 91%: bovine versus autologous vein (78% vs. 100%; P = 0.16). Overall limb salvage was 90%: bovine versus autologous vein (82% vs. 94%; P = 0.28). When comparing bovine carotid artery graft to autologous vein in LE interventions, primary patency (50% vs. 71%; P = 0.40), secondary patency (75% vs. 100%; P = 0.23), and limb salvage (80% vs. 86%; P = 0.76) did not differ significantly. There were no early or late graft infections with either conduit. There were no significant differences in ambulatory status at discharge by graft type. Overall survival was 100%. Conclusions In this series, there is a trend toward improved patency and limb salvage with autologous vein. Autologous vein should be the standard of care for revascularization of traumatic arterial injuries. Bovine carotid artery graft appears be a viable alternative, especially in patients requiring urgent revascularization, that does not significantly compromise patency, limb salvage, or functional outcomes.