cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel channel token ring local area networks

A multichannel LAN based on a ring topology is proposed. This LAN, the multichannel token ring (MCTR), is designed to meet the demand for additional bandwidth while preserving, as much as possible, existing hardware and software. An emerging technology, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), is reviewed as a candidate technology for implementing the multiple channels of the MCTR over a single fiber optic cable. When compared to single-channel LANs, the MCTR is shown to offer increased reliability, bandwidth scalability, and price-performance advantages. >
Adaptive Nonlinearity Identification in a Hammerstein System using a Pseudo Coherence Function

A Hammerstein system consists of a memoryless nonlinear block followed by a linear time-invariant subsystem. We propose to model or to approximate the memoryless nonlinear block using a linear combination of nonlinear basis functions. We formulate a novel nonlinearity parameter estimation algorithm using a pseudo magnitude squared coherence (MSC) function based criterion. The proposed method carries out nonlinearity identification without knowing the linear block in the Hammerstein system. A low complexity adaptive algorithm is proposed to update the parameter estimates of the nonlinear block. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Performance requirements of an inertial fusion energy source for hydrogen production

Performance of an inertial fusion system for the production of hydrogen is compared to a tandem mirror system hydrogen producer. Both systems use the General Atomic sulfur-iodine hydrogen production cycle and produce no net electric power to the grid. An ICF-driven hydrogen producer will have higher system gains and lower electrical-consumption ratios than the design point for the tandem mirror system if the inertial fusion energy gain /eta/Q > 8.8. For the ICF system to have a higher hydrogen production rate per unit fusion power than the tandem mirror system requires that /eta/Q > 17. These can be achieved utilizing realistic laser and pellet performances.
Gα modulates salt-induced cellular senescence and cell division in rice and maize

The plant G-protein network, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ core subunits, regulates development, senses sugar, and mediates biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we report G-protein signalling in the salt stress response using two crop models, rice and maize. Loss-of-function mutations in the corresponding genes encoding the Gα subunit attenuate growth inhibition and cellular senescence caused by sodium chloride (NaCl). Gα null mutations conferred reduced leaf senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and cytoplasm electrolyte leakage under NaCl stress. Sodium accumulated in both wild-type and Gα-mutant shoots to the same levels, suggesting that Gα signalling controls cell death in leaves rather than sodium exclusion in roots. Growth inhibition is probably initiated by osmotic change around root cells, because KCl and MgSO4 also suppressed seedling growth equally as well as NaCl. NaCl lowered rates of cell division and elongation in the wild-type leaf sheath to the level of the Gα-null mutants; however there was no NaCl-induced decrease in cell division in the Gα mutant, implying that the osmotic phase of salt stress suppresses cell proliferation through the inhibition of Gα-coupled signalling. These results reveal two distinct functions of Gα in NaCl stress in these grasses: attenuation of leaf senescence caused by sodium toxicity in leaves, and cell cycle regulation by osmotic/ionic stress.
IMPROVING AGREEMENTS IN MULTI-ISSUE NEGOTIATION

In bilateral negotiations with multiple issues, it is difficult to reach Pareto optimal outcome when the agents' preferences and relative importance of the issues are not known to each other. Self-interested agents often end up in inefficient agreements. Existing negotiation frameworks suggest solutions using trusted mediator, where agents will reveal their true preferences to the mediator. But in real life situations, a mediated solution is not always preferable, e.g., agents may not trust a third party to reveal their preferences. Without preference revelation, agents cannot improve the efficiency of the outcome. This paper presents an extended protocol for bilateral multi-issue negotiation. We show that with this protocol self-interested agents are able to explore and reach win-win agreements without revealing its complete preference.
Sensory Flavor Characteristics of Water‐Extracted Soluble Orange Solids Produced in Florida

Commercial Florida-packed water-extracted soluble orange solids (PESOS) had poor flavor quality and varied widely within an unacceptable flavor range. Major problems were bitterness, processed off-flavor and spoilage. WESOS flavor was inferior to orange juice made from the same lots of fruit. As little as 10% of a poor-flavored, bitter WESOS sample or about 50% addition of better-flavored WESOS added to good orange juice resulted in unacceptably flavored product. Late season fruit within a single season made betterflavored WESOS than did early-midseason fruit. WESOS flavor and bitterness varied from plant-to-plant; generally plants that produced the best-flavored WESOS had the least amounts of product bitterness.
Signal Fitting With Uncertain Basis Functions

A new paradigm for signal fitting is proposed. Unlike the customary approach in which fixed basis functions are used to represent the signal, the proposed method employs random basis functions. The advantage is an increase in robustness, leading to an overall decrease in modeling error. It also provides a new intepretation on the choice of regularization weightings for such applications as classification, spectral analysis, and adaptive beamforming.
Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 Variants in the Cerebrospinal Fluid during Primary Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is a severe neurological disease that affects a subset of HIV-1-infected individuals. Increased compartmentalization has been reported between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-1 populations in subjects with HAD, but it is still not known when compartmentalization arises during the course of infection. To assess HIV-1 genetic compartmentalization early during infection, we compared HIV-1 populations in the peripheral blood and CSF in 11 primary infection subjects, with analysis of longitudinal samples over the first 18 months for a subset of subjects. We used heteroduplex tracking assays targeting the variable regions of env and single-genome amplification and sequence analysis of the full-length env gene to identify CSF-compartmentalized variants and to examine viral genotypes within the compartmentalized populations. For most subjects, HIV-1 populations were equilibrated between the blood and CSF compartments. However, compartmentalized HIV-1 populations were detected in the CSF of three primary infection subjects, and longitudinal analysis of one subject revealed that compartmentalization during primary HIV-1 infection was resolved. Clonal amplification of specific HIV-1 variants was identified in the CSF population of one primary infection subject. Our data show that compartmentalization can occur in the central nervous system (CNS) of subjects in primary HIV-1 infection in part through persistence of the putative transmitted parental variant or via viral genetic adaptation to the CNS environment. The presence of distinct HIV-1 populations in the CSF indicates that independent HIV-1 replication can occur in the CNS, even early after HIV-1 transmission.
Hierarchical techniques for the development of realistic models of complex computer systems

This paper presents a case study of the development of a realistic, but analytically soluble, model of a very complex Computer system. This modeling project required the development and application of new dements of technology to support the modeling process. These included the use of a hierarchic structuring procedure to provide a fonnal control structure for the modeling process, and the use of perturbation analysis to correct known deficiencies in the faithfulness of the model representation of the actual system. Particular attention was paid to the effects of passive resources, and to contention and interference effects caused by competition for shared resources. The system actually modeled is the Advanced Logistics System of the United States Air Force Logistics Command. The computer configuration of this system includes multiple CDC Cyber 70 mainframes, a large quantity of extended core storage, and approximately 100 disk drives. The analytic model was validated against a simulation which uses the logical queue structure of the software system as its basis. Excellent agreement was obtained. The entire modeling process was completed and documented in two months by a team of six analysts.
Habitat preferences of California sea lions: implications for conservation

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) occur along much of the Pacific coast of North America, but the number of breeding areas that are occupied is relatively small. Our understanding of the attributes that make these few sites preferable is currently limited. We quantified habitat characteristics—substrate type and coloration, aspect, slope, curvature of shoreline, and availability of shade, water pools, and resting areas—at 26 sites (7 islands) occupied by sea lions and 33 unused sites (8 islands) distributed throughout the Gulf of California, Mexico. Logistic regression models were used to explore how habitat characteristics explained sea lion occupancy patterns. Models discriminated very well between occupied and unused sites, and showed that occupied locations were more often located in sites with larger-size rocks (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.209), lighter-color substrates (OR ¼ 0.219), and convex shorelines (OR ¼ 1.067). All of these preferred characteristics are likely to play a role in the prevention of heat stress in sea lions, suggesting that increases in temperature, such as those expected from global warming, may pose an additional risk for this already declining sea lion population. To partially offset this risk, our results may be used to identify, and protect, unused but suitable (i.e., thermally favorable) habitat. In addition, we recommend effective protection and monitoring of the currently occupied areas and their populations.
Multimodality Radionuclide, Fluorescence, and Bioluminescence Small-Animal Imaging

The imaging of molecular events in the complex physiological interplay between organelles, cells, tissues, and organs in the whole organism is now more practical through the use of small-animal imaging technologies. Radionuclide based molecular imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanners have been used for imaging intracellular enzymes, receptors, transporters, reporter gene expression, and cell trafficking in small animals such as mice and rats. Sensitive cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras which detect emitted light from fluorescent and bioluminescent probes within an organism have been useful in imaging pathologic changes in diseases such as cancer and infectious disease in small-animal models. Each molecular imaging modality has differing strengths and weaknesses. However, the ability to generate molecular reporter strategies that can be applied in multiple detection systems will likely provide more robust imaging data sets than from any single modality. The ultimate function of multimodality reporter strategies will be to provide information about molecular targets in a continuum of research subjects from cells to small animals to human patients.
Care of the Victim

The number of elder abuse cases is expected to rise as the number of persons older than age 65 doubles over the next 20 years. Patients affected by elder abuse present in all care settings, including inpatient and outpatient clinical care, emergency rooms, long-term care facilities, and home care. Victims have significant medical consequences, physical and psychological, and often need additional resources, including legal guidance. Health care professionals need additional training to be effective advocates for survivors of elder abuse. Care of the victim must also be recognized as an equally important topic for research and education.
A recursive base for database programming primitives

High level languages of limited expressiveness have been shown to be very effective in reducing the difficulty of specifying computations, both queries and updates, over databases. The most notable of these are relational algebra and SQL (including its update language). The main problem of these languages is not their limited computational power, but rather that their formality (or lack of it) makes it hard to uniformly integrate them with more powerful relational operations, e. g., transitive closure or least fixpoint operators, and with the operations of other algebras, such as arithmetic and abstract data type algebras. Such problems not only make it difficult to extend the languages felicitously, but reasoning about the properties of integrity constraints and transactions in these languages is much more difficult than is necessary. In this paper, we present a single high level set traversal construct that provides the formal and computational base for relational algebra, associative updates, aggregate functions, nested relations, transitive closure, and complex objects. This construct is not a new construct, but is formalized in a novel manner, and has not been shown previously to support the range of functions to which it is applied here. We also explore a means of using a generalization of this operator to capture formal properties of some computations on complex objects with identifiers and recursively typed data that might be appropriate for database languages.
Intraoperative accuracy of a point-of-care glucose meter compared with simultaneous central laboratory measurements.

Background: Concerns have been raised about the use of point-of-care (POC) glucose meters in the hospital setting. Accuracy has been questioned especially in critically ill patients. Although commonly used in intensive care units and operating rooms, POC meters were not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for such use. Data on POC glucose meter performance during anesthesia are lacking. We evaluated accuracy of a POC meter in the intraoperative setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4,333 intraoperative records in which at least one intraoperative glucose was measured using electronic medical records at a large academic hospital. We evaluated the accuracy of a POC glucose meter (ACCU-CHEK ® Inform, Roche Pharmaceuticals) based on the 176 simultaneous central laboratory (CL) blood glucose (BG) measurements that were found (i.e., documented collection times within 5 minutes). Point-of-care and central lab BG differences were analyzed by Bland-Altman and revised error grid analysis (rEGA). Results:
The influence of surfactant adsorption on the motion of a fluid sphere in a tube. Part 1. Uniform retardation controlled by sorption kinetics

This paper presents a study of the steady, axisymmetric, creeping translation of a fluid sphere in a tube for the case in which surfactant is adsorbed onto the fluid sphere interface. Marangoni stresses caused by the convective redistribution of surfactant are computed perturbatively in the limit of sorption-controlled uniform retardation, and fully converged numerical solutions of the creeping-flow equations including the Marangoni stress are obtained by a collocation technique.The results indicate that when the fluid sphere moves in a liquid which is at rest at infinity, the Marangoni stress retards the particle velocity. This retardation generally increases with the sphere to tube diameter ratio up to a value of approximately 0.6, whereupon the retardation begins to level off or even become reduced. When the sphere is suspended in a Poiseuille flow, stagnation rings develop on the sphere surface, and the Marangoni stresses that derive from this surface convection pattern can accelerate the fluid particle when the particle velocity is small with respect to the Poiseuille centreline velocity, but in the same direction as that velocity.
Spatial Distribution and Remodeling of Elastic Modulus of Bone in Micro Regime as Prediction of Early Stage Osteoporosis

We assessed the local distribution of bone mechanical properties on a micro-nano-scale and its correlation to strain distribution. Left tibia samples were obtained from 5-month old female Sprague Dawley rats, including baseline control (n=9) and hindlimb suspended (n=9) groups. Elastic modulus was measured by nanoindentation at the dedicated locations. Three additional tibias from control rats were loaded axially to measure bone strain, with 6-10N at 1Hz on a Bose machine for strain measurements. In the control group, the difference of the elastic modulus between periosteum and endosteum was much higher at the anterior and posterior regions (2.6GPa), where higher strain differences were observed (45μɛ). Minimal elastic modulus difference between periosteum and endosteum was observed at the medial region (0.2GPa), where neutral axis of the strain distribution was oriented with lower strain difference (5μɛ). In the disuse group, however, the elastic modulus differences in the anterior posterior regions reduced to 1.2GPa from 2.6GPa in the control group, and increased in the medial region to 2.7GPa from 0.2GPa. It is suggested that the remodeling rate in a region of bone is possibly influenced by the strain gradient from periosteum to endosteum. Such pattern of moduli gradients was compromised in disuse osteopenia, suggesting that the remodeling in distribution of micro-nano-elastic moduli among different regions may serve as a predictor for early stage of osteoporosis.
The Social Consequences of Advances in Neuroscience: Legal Problems; Legal Perspectives

Advances in neuroscience seem likely to cause major changes in our society in the next few decades, for better and for worse. And when society changes, the law must change - whether to guide those social changes or merely to respond to them. In roughly 100 years the automobile has changed much about life in the developed world and much about its laws - of traffic, insurance, accidents, pollution, franchising, land use, and many other issues. Social changes from neuroscience are likely to have even greater implications for the law, as they will change both the objects of the law and, in a very direct way, how the legal system functions. Those legal changes should make up one important part of the study of what has come to be called neuroethics. The term "neuroethics," popularized by William Safire, has been given several kinds of meanings. One use of neuroethics describes ethical problems arising directly from research in neuroscience - for example, what should researchers doing brain imaging tell research subjects about unusual findings of no known clinical significance. The term is also used to describe neuroscience (usually imaging) research into how humans resolve ethical or moral issues - for example, what parts of the brain are "activated" when subjects are wrestling with moral dilemmas. This chapter discusses a third area of neuroethics: the implications of new discoveries in, and capabilities of, neuroscience for our society and their consequences for the legal system. It looks specifically at three different ways in which neuroscience seems likely to change our society and our law - better prediction of future behavior or mental abilities, improved detection of current mental state (including, for example, lie detection), and increased ability to "enhance" directly the workings of the human brain.
Active Sites in Copper-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Understanding Substrate Dynamics, Redox Processes, and Valence-Band Structure

We have developed an integrated approach that combines synthesis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, and theoretical calculations for the investigation of active unsaturated metal sites (UMS) in copper-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, extensive reduction of Cu+2 to Cu+1 at the MOF metal nodes was achieved. Introduction of mixed valence copper sites resulted in significant changes in the valence band structure and an increased density of states near the Fermi edge, thereby altering the electronic properties of the copper-based framework. The development of mixed-valence MOFs also allowed tuning of selective adsorbate binding as a function of the UMS oxidation state. The presented studies could significantly impact the use of MOFs for heterogeneous catalysis and gas purification as well as foreshadow a new avenue for controlling the conductivity of typically insulating MOF materials.
HZE Radiation Non-Targeted Effects on the Microenvironment That Mediate Mammary Carcinogenesis

Clear mechanistic understanding of the biological processes elicited by radiation that increase cancer risk can be used to inform prediction of health consequences of medical uses, such as radiotherapy, or occupational exposures, such as those of astronauts during deep space travel. Here, we review the current concepts of carcinogenesis as a multicellular process during which transformed cells escape normal tissue controls, including the immune system, and establish a tumor microenvironment. We discuss the contribution of two broad classes of radiation effects that may increase cancer: radiation targeted effects that occur as a result of direct energy deposition, e.g., DNA damage, and non-targeted effects (NTE) that result from changes in cell signaling, e.g., genomic instability. It is unknown whether the potentially greater carcinogenic effect of high Z and energy (HZE) particle radiation is a function of the relative contribution or extent of NTE or due to unique NTE. We addressed this problem using a radiation/genetic mammary chimera mouse model of breast cancer. Our experiments suggest that NTE promote more aggressive cancers, as evidenced by increased growth rate, transcriptomic signatures, and metastasis, and that HZE particle NTE are more effective than reference γ-radiation. Emerging evidence suggest that HZE irradiation dampens antitumor immunity. These studies raise concern that HZE radiation exposure not only increases the likelihood of developing cancer but also could promote progression to more aggressive cancer with a greater risk of mortality.
Rearing Several Aphid Species on Synthetic Diet

A completely defined synthetic diet which supported a continuous culture of MyZus persicae (Sulzer)(Dadd and Mittler 1966) was found to be suitable also for the continuous rearing of Aphis fabae Scopoli complex (Dadd and Krieger 1967). To test the suitability of this diet in maintaining continuous cultures of other aphids, 8 species of aphids derived from clonal greenhouse cultures and 1 species, Aphis craccivora Koch, collected from clover in the field, were given access to the diet. The aphids derived from greenhouse cultures were: Aeyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) from sweet pea; Aphis gossypii Glover from cucumber; Neomyzus (Aulacorthum) circumflexus (Buckton), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli), and Myzus ornatus Laing from celery; Lipaphis crysimi (Kaltenbach) (= Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis) from radish; and Macrosiphum ( Sitobion ) fragariac (Walker) from barley.
The Organization and Structure of Community Education Offerings in Community Colleges

One of the key services community colleges provide is community education, meaning those programs and activities that are often offered for leisure or self-improvement and not for credit. Programs of this nature are increasingly challenged to be self-financing, whether through user fees or externally funded grants. The current study explored 75 community college community education offerings and found that most offered over 50 distinct community education programs, with less than half of those being self-funded. These colleges typically relied on a professional program director to administer programs; and, most frequently, these individuals reported through a division of academic or student affairs. Among other findings, the majority of community education programs profiled were classified as leisure education, although there were large numbers of programs that related to some distinct element of a community (such a national forest, historic downtown, etc.). Study findings highlighted the need for communi...
Everyday problems with executive dysfunction and impulsivity in adults recovering from methamphetamine addiction

OBJECTIVES Compared with non-addicted controls (CTLs), adults in remission from methamphetamine addiction (MA-REM) evidence impairments on objective measures of executive functioning and impulsivity. METHODS To evaluate the impact of these impairments in MA-REM adults, demographically matched groups (MA-REM, n=30; CTLs, n=24) completed objective and self-report measures of executive functioning and impulsivity. RESULTS MA-REM adults demonstrated significantly (p < 0.050) greater objective and subjective problems with executive functioning and impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adults in MA-REM are aware of their deficits and that these deficits have significant impact in everyday life.
A Review of Tests for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection

The rediscovery and description of Helicobacter pylori 15 years ago have resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of many gastrointestinal diseases. Successful cure of the infection depends on an accurate diagnosis. Numerous endoscopic and nonendoscopic H pylori diagnostic tests can detect H pylori infection, and testing has moved from the endoscopy unit to the primary care physician's office. This article discusses the clinical aspects of these tests and the advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations regarding appropriate use of these tests.
Standards of Basic Public Health Service and Adjustment of Work Strength

Objective To establish standards of basic public health service in community,and determine work strength. Methods An index database was set up by literature review and panel discussion,and " standards of basic public health service" were then established by a two- round Delphi method. Field investigation was conducted on 60 community health centers from stratified random sampling to determine work time and three items of work strength,which were manual labor,mental labor and mental stress. Adjustment coefficient of work strength was also calculated to adjust work time. Results The standards of basic public health service concerns 10 basic public health services,28 service categories,112 items of service and365 work steps. Services with higher work strength in the 60 community health centers were termination of pregnancy( 23. 1),home visits to psychopaths( 21. 9) and treatment of abnormal response to vaccination( 21. 8). Services with lower work strength included ultraviolet air disinfection( 12. 1),registration and management of cold chain( 13. 3) and bulletin board( 13. 5).After adjustment,the work time of services which are more technical or face more stress and risk increased. Conclusion The standards of basic public health service may provide reference for basic public health service specification and hold applicable value for various departments.
Deep-water feeding and behavioral plasticity in Manta birostris revealed by archival tags and submersible observations

Foraging drives many fundamental aspects of ecology, and an understanding of foraging behavior aids in the conservation of threatened species by identifying critical habitats and spatial patterns relevant to management. The world's largest ray, the oceanic manta (Manta birostris) is poorly studied and threatened globally by targeted fisheries and incidental capture. Very little information is available on the natural history, ecology and behavior of the species, complicating management efforts. This study provides the first data on the diving behavior of the species based on data returned from six tagged individuals, and an opportunistic observation from a submersible of a manta foraging at depth. Pop-off archival satellite tags deployed on mantas at the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico recorded seasonal shifts in diving behavior, likely related to changes in the location and availability of zooplankton prey. Across seasons, mantas spent a large proportion of their time centered around the upper limit of the thermocline, where zooplankton often aggregate. Tag data reveal a gradual activity shift from surface waters to 100-150m across the tagging period, possibly indicating a change in foraging behavior from targeting surface-associated zooplankton to vertical migrators. The depth ranges accessed by mantas in this study carry variable bycatch risks from different fishing gear types. Consequently, region-specific data on diving behavior can help inform local management strategies that reduce or mitigate bycatch of this vulnerable species.
Area-Efficient SOT-MRAM With a Schottky Diode

This letter presents a spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) for high-density, reliable, and energy-efficient on-chip memory application. Unlike the conventional SOT-MRAM requiring two access transistors, the proposed MRAM uses only one access transistor along with a Schottky diode in order to achieve high integration density while maintaining the advantages of SOT-MRAM, such as low write energy and enhanced reliability of magnetic tunnel junction. The Schottky diode is forward-biased during read, whereas it is reverse-biased during write to prevent sneak current paths. Our simulation results show that the proposed MRAM can achieve 30% and 50% reduction in bit-cell area in comparison to conventional spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) and SOT-MRAM, respectively, and $\sim 2.5\times $ improvement in write power compared with the STT-MRAM.
Naturally Occurring and Immune Antibodies as a Possible Cause of Hemolytic Disease in the Domestic Mink

The sera of more than 1500 adult mink from three sources were examined for presence of agglutinins. Antibodies against six red cell antigens; A, A2, B, B2, C and E (Rapacz and Schackelford, 1966) were detected by the use of saline agglutination tests. Numerous sera with unidentified antibodies, usually of very low titre, were found. Normal antibodies were found in several mink sera following vaccination for virus enteritis: with this exception antibodies were found in the sera of females only after the pregnancy period and usually against the blood antigens of the male to which they had been mated.
Predictors of Orthopaedic Surgery in NCAA Athletes

Objectives:Orthopaedic injury and surgery is relatively common in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes and can have devastating career consequences. However, there is a paucity of data regarding predictors of orthopaedic surgery in collegiate athletes. The purpose of this study was to analyze player-related predictors of orthopaedic surgery, including that of the shoulder, hip, and knee, in NCAA athletes.Methods:All NCAA Division I collegiate athletes at a single institution who began participation from the 2003-2004 through 2008-2009 seasons were retrospectively identified. Player-related factors, including gender, sport, and any pre-college upper or lower extremity orthopaedic surgery, were elicited through pre-participation evaluations (PPEs). Athletes who underwent an orthopaedic surgery in college were identified through the Sports Injury Monitoring System and medical records. All patient-related independent variables were included in a multiple Cox regression model. Exposure time...
Abstract 482: Atypical expression of βV-tubulin in secretory cells of the fallopian tube as a biomarker for early dysplasia

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Class V βeta tubulin isotype (βV-tubulin), was recently found to have a tissue-specific expression pattern in epithelial tissues with secretory function, and deregulated expression in certain tumors. The overall aim of this study was to define the localization of βV-tubulin in the fallopian tube and its expression in pre-malignant dysplasia. Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) was obtained from patients undergoing salpingectomy for various reasons including familial history that comprised BRCA mutant cases. Additionally, βV-tubulin expression was also examined in serous ovarian neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry, using a novel antibody developed in our lab against human βV-tubulin, was used to evaluate expression in paraffin-embedded sections of the distal fallopian tube (n = 55) and tumors (n = 13), from prospectively selected cases, categorized according to reasons for salpingectomy. Staining with standard markers, Pax-8 and acetylated α-tubulin was done to demarcate the secretory and ciliated cells of the FTE, respectively. Pilot data indicate that in the FTE, βV-tubulin is present in secretory cells and essentially never in ciliated cells. Morphologically “normal” FTE had only rare, scattered βV-tubulin positive cells; whereas, percentage positivity was increased in cases with serous ovarian neoplasms, and BRCA-wildtype familial breast cancer. The highest expression was observed in FTE from patients with BRCA-mutant breast cancers. Four distinct types of FTE atypia were observed in patients with known BRCA mutations. βV-tubulin was highly expressed in serous ovarian neoplasms, with the extent and intensity of staining elevated in high-grade serous carcinomas, compared to serous borderline tumors. In summary, βV-tubulin was localized to secretory cells of the distal FTE and its expression varied according to the clinical diagnosis. The frequency of these cells, and thus expression of βV-tubulin was dramatically enriched in tissue obtained from BRCA mutant cases. BRCA mutants also exhibited pronounced histologic atypia indicative of early dysplasia. Furthermore, elevated expression of βV-tubulin correlated with poor differentiation status in serous ovarian neoplasms. Citation Format: Deepti Mathew, Yanhua Wang, Anne Van Arsdale, Susan Band Horwitz, Hayley McDaid. Atypical expression of βV-tubulin in secretory cells of the fallopian tube as a biomarker for early dysplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 482.
Tuning the structure of CsCaI3:Eu via substitution of bromine for iodine

Abstract CsCaI3:Eu is a promising scintillator material that can be grown from the melt, but undergoes a tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition upon cooling at 255 °C, causing twinning and cloudiness. The purpose of this work is to suppress this solid to solid phase transition in the CsCaI3:Eu scintillator, which has a light yield of ∼40000 ph/MeV and energy resolution at 662 keV of ∼4%, by halide replacement to form the compound CsCaBrxI3-x. Crystals 8 cm3 in volume were grown using the vertical Bridgman method with varying bromine content from x = 0.2 to x = 1, resulting in improved transparency for crystals with bromine content x > 0.6. Powder X-ray diffraction data coupled with differential scanning calorimetry and radioluminescence measurements were used to investigate structural modifications, melting point dependence and spectral emission dependence on the bromine/iodine ratio. Partial replacement of iodine by bromine improves optical quality and scintillation properties by stabilizing the structure, rendering it useful for isotope identification for national security applications. The composition CsCaBr0.8I2.2:Eu was determined to be the best combination of improved structure and performance, and larger 22 and 38 mm O crystals were grown for further evaluation. Large size slabs of these crystals showed good crystal quality and improved performance over CsCaI3Eu with 8.4% and 9.5% energy resolution at 662 keV, respectively.
CD24 enrichment protects while its loss increases susceptibility of juvenile chondrocytes towards inflammation

Diseases associated with human cartilage, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) have manifested age, mechanical stresses and inflammation as the leading risk factors. Although inflammatory processes are known to be upregulated upon aging, we sought to gain a molecular understanding of how aging affects the tissue-specific response to inflammation. In this report, we explored the role of cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) in regulating differential inflammatory responses in juvenile and adult human chondrocytes. Differential cell-surface CD24 expression was assessed in juvenile and adult chondrocytes along with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neonatal chondrocytes through gene expression and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses. Loss of function of CD24 was achieved through silencing in chondrocytes and the effects on the response to inflammatory cues were assessed through gene expression and NFκB activity. CD24 expression in chondrocytes caused a differential response to cytokine-induced inflammation, with the CD24high juvenile chondrocytes being resistant to IL-1s treatment as compared to CD24low adult chondrocytes. CD24 protects from inflammatory response by reducing NFκB activation, as an acute loss of CD24 via silencing led to an increase in NFκB activation. Moreover, the loss of CD24 in chondrocytes subsequently increased inflammatory and catabolic gene expression both in the absence and presence of IL-1s. We have identified CD24 as a novel regulator of inflammatory response in cartilage that is altered during development and aging and could potentially be therapeutic in RA and OA.
Colored oxides with hibonite structure II: Structural and optical properties of CaAl12O19-type pigments with chromophores based on Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu

Abstract Colored hibonite-type oxides with a general formula CaAl12-xMxO19 were prepared by solid state reactions through M-site substitution of aluminum with various di-, tri- and tetravalent cations (M = Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ga, In, Ti, Ge, Sn or any combination thereof), where Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu are chromophore ions. Neutron Rietveld refinements of CaAl9.5Fe2.5O19, CaAl11.5Mn0.5O19 and CaAl10SnMnO19 compounds show that Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions prefer to occupy the tetrahedral site, while Mn3+ has an evident preference for both tetrahedral and octahedral sites and Sn4+ for octahedral site in the hibonite structure. No oxygen vacancies are found by structural analyses. Magnetic measurement confirms divalent Mn for CaAl11Sn0.5Mn0.5O19 and trivalent Mn for CaAl11.5Mn0.5O19. Diffuse reflectance spectra reveal that the d-d transitions occurring in transition metal chromophores are mainly responsible for the observed colors. The colored powders exhibit fairly high reflectance in the near-infrared region (750–2500 nm) which makes them potential candidates for cool pigment applications. Synthesis and characterization methods are briefly reviewed for hibonite type of oxides, especially those containing Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu.
Evaluating the effectiveness of disposal programs through a comparison with prescription drug monitoring program data.

To the editor,Egan et al. (1) found that medication take-back events and drug donation boxes may carry a minimal effect on reducing the availability of unused controlled prescription medications. S...
Renal Acid–Base Regulation Via Ammonia Transport in Mammals

Maintenance of acid–base homeostasis is fundamental to all mammals. This is maintained through two mechanisms, respiratory control through CO2 excretion and renal net acid excretion. Renal net acid excretion comprises titratable acid excretion, ammonia excretion, and bicarbonate excretion. Quantitatively, ammonia excretion is the most significant component of renal net acid excretion under most physiologic and pathophysiologic circumstances. Renal ammonia excretion includes the dual components of an intrarenal ammoniagenesis, followed by segment and transporter-specific transport of both molecular forms of ammonia, NH4 + and NH3.Coordinated NH4 + and NH3 transport results in exquisitely regulated renal ammonia excretion and thereby maintenance of system at pH homeostasis.
Primary Benign and Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms With Signet Ring Cells: Cytologic, Histologic, and Molecular Features.

Objectives Signet ring cells (SRCs) can be seen in a variety of thyroid tumors and can pose a diagnostic pitfall on cytology. This study describes the cytologic, histomorphologic, and molecular aspects of a cohort of primary thyroid tumors with SRCs. Methods A search was performed of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) pathology archives for the keywords thyroid, signet, and signet ring features between 2000 and 2014. Seven thyroidectomy specimens with corresponding thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were obtained. Cytology and histopathology slides were evaluated. Molecular analysis was performed using anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction (AMP). Results The cohort consisted of four follicular adenomas (FAs), two noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs), and one secretory carcinoma (SC). The FNA diagnoses were atypia of undetermined significance (n = 3), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (n = 3), and suspicious for malignancy (n = 1). Molecular analyses revealed PTEN and FGFR3 mutations in an FA and NIFTP, respectively, and an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in a case of primary thyroid gland SC. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the range of thyroid tumors with SRCs. While most thyroid tumors with SRCs are benign, primary thyroid SC should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Tailoring the Doping Mechanisms at Oxide Interfaces in Nanoscale

Here, we demonstrate the nanoscale manipulations of two types of charge transfer to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces: one from surface adsorbates and another from oxygen vacancies inside LaAlO3 films. This method can be used to produce multiple insulating and metallic interface states with distinct carrier properties that are highly stable in air. By reconfiguring the patterning and comparing interface structures formed from different doping sources, effects of extrinsic and intrinsic material characters on the transport properties can be distinguished. In particular, a multisubband to single-subband transition controlled by the structural phases in SrTiO3 was revealed. In addition, the transient behaviors of nanostructures also provided a unique opportunity to study the nanoscale diffusions of adsorbates and oxygen vacancies in oxide heterostructures. Knowledge of such dynamic processes is important for nanodevice implementations.
Disease Modification in Psoriatic Arthritis

To provide clinicians evidence-based strategies to diagnose and treat psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients based on involvement of the key domains peripheral arthritis, psoriasis and nails, axial involvement, dactylitis, and enthesitis, with the goal of improving outcomes for PsA patients by lessening joint pain and swelling and the degree of inflammation in the other key domains. It is also imperative to limit or eliminate progressive X-ray damage. Evidence from phase III randomized trials demonstrate that agents that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL12/23 relieve joint inflammation and decrease or completely inhibit radiographic progression. Agents that block TNF and IL-17 are also effective for axial disease. Additional agents effective for psoriatic arthritis but without documentation of effect on progressive damage include apremilast, abatacept, and tofacitinib. Most agents have demonstrated efficacy for treatment of enthesitis and dactylitis. A number of therapies that effectively treat the key domains of psoriatic arthritis are now available. Comprehensive assessment of patients to determine the extent and degree of domain involvement is essential to properly individualize treatment, improve outcomes, and limit progressive joint damage.
Probing surface polar ordering of molecules by optical second harmonic generation

It is well known that in the bulk of a liquid crystal (LC) the head of an asymmetric rodlike molecule has an equal probability pointing in opposite directions, leading to a macroscopic structure which is centrosymmetric.
Prospects for production of ultracold X 1Σ+ RbCs molecules

Recently, we have reported photoassociation of laser-cooled Rb and Cs atoms, decay of the RbCs photoassociation resonances to high levels of the $a^{3}\Sigma^{ + }$ state, and reexcitation to vibronic levels of the $c (2)^{3}\Sigma^{ + }$ state [Kerman et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 033004; 153001 (2004)]. Considering the reexcitation spectrum, we report here a preliminary analysis of perturbations in the c state by high levels of the $b^{3}\Pi$ and low levels of the $B^{1}\Pi$ state. Mixing with the B state provides the singlet character needed to stimulate decay to v = 0 of the $X^{1}\Sigma^{ + }$ ground state. We conclude that an experimental procedure that involves photoassociation of laser-cooled atoms, radiative decay, and stimulated Raman transfer to the ground electronic state is a feasible method for producing translationally, rotationally, vibrationally and electronically cold RbCs molecules.
The McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire

The McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire (MFSQ) was developed from the questionnaire used in a longitudinal study of the menopausal transition and designed to measure aspects of female sexuality likely to be affected by changing sex hormone levels. The original questionnaire was revised to insure that questions were easy to understand and that labels for the Likert scales described a continuum. The revised MFSQ contains 19 questions, 18 items using 7-point Likert scales with labels at the center and endpoints and one item requesting a frequency of activity. Seven studies involving both clinical and convenience samples and two with double blind randomized controlled trials used 7, 9, 10 or 17 MFSQ items and demonstrated acceptable reliability, internal consistency, apparent face and content validity as well as considerable evidence of construct validity. Results showed selected MFSQ item ratings decreased as women progressed through the menopausal transition, varied positively with endogenous estradiol and androgen levels, were higher in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and differentiated between different types of oral contraceptives and the presence or absence of ovaries. Convergent validity was demonstrated for change in 9-item MFSQ score with change in psychological general well-being (PGWB) score and the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) sex life subscale.
An autonomous electric vehicle based charging system: Matching and charging strategy

In this paper, we purpose an autonomous electric vehicle (AEVs) based charging navigation system. It accommodates charging requests by a fleet of AEVs in an integrated manner. We focus on one major problem of implementing such framework: matching between AEVs to electric vehicle charging stations (EVSEs) that minimize total operational cost. The problem is first formulated as a minimum weight perfect matching through creation of a bipartite graph that could be solved by integer programming. We further relax this to linear programming. To demonstrate effectiveness of such formulation, we implement the system with different use cases. We also propose two simple charging strategies that considers various factors, including charging price, current state of charge, and restrictions of power consumption added by utilities. Based on the system, we study their effects on the power grid and AEV owners.
Equally potent? Does cellular reprogramming justify the abandonment of human embryonic stem cells?

Induced pluripotent stem cells and our ability to transdifferentiate somatic cells might obviate the clinical use of embryonic stem cells in the future. Too many questions currently remain unanswered, however, to abandon embryonic stem cell research.