cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility locus at 6p21.3 among familial CLL.

Prior genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified 10 susceptibility loci for risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To identify additional loci, we performed a GWA study in 407 CLL cases (of which 102 had a family history of CLL) and 296 controls. Moreover, given the strong familial risk of CLL, we further subset our GWA analysis to the CLL cases with a family history of CLL to identify loci specific to these familial CLL cases. Our top hits from these analyses were evaluated in an additional sample of 252 familial CLL cases and 965 controls. Using all available data, we identified and confirmed an independent association of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that met genome-wide statistical significance within the IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) gene (combined P values ≤ 3.37 × 10−8), located in the previously identified 16q24.1 locus. Subsetting to familial CLL cases, we identified and confirmed a new locus on chromosome 6p21.3 (combined P value = 6.92 × 10−9). This novel region harbors the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB5 genes. Finally, we evaluated the 10 previously reported SNPs in the overall sample and replicated 8 of them. Our findings support the hypothesis that familial CLL cases have additional genetic variants not seen in sporadic CLL. Additional loci among familial CLL cases may be identified through larger studies.
Achieving flexibility in direct-manipulation programming environments by relaxing the edit-time grammar

Structured program editors can lower the entry barrier for beginning computer science students by preventing syntax errors. However, when editors force programs to be executable after every edit, a rigid development process results. We explore the use of a separate edit-time grammar that is more permissive than the runtime grammar. This helps achieve a balance between structured editing and flexibility, particularly in live development environments. JPie is a graphical programming environment that applies this separation to the live development of Java applications. We present the design goals for JPie's edit-time grammar and describe how its implementation supports a balance between structure and flexibility. As further illustration of the benefits of a relaxed edit-time grammar, we present "mixed-mode editing," an integration of textual and graphical editing for added flexibility.
Standing for Women? Which Women? The Substantive Representation of Women's Interests and the Research Imperative of Intersectionality

In conducting interviews with female African American state legislators, I found that the great debates among women and politics scholars over the meaning of women's issues have not captured a major issue that surfaced time and again in the interviews. The African American women I interviewed affirmed that “women's issues” constituted a top priority on their legislative agendas and understood themselves as representatives of women's interests. But when they began to discuss the issues they championed on behalf of women, these issues were not the “usual suspects.” They often mentioned proposed legislation that I would have coded as a “children's issue” or, at times, a “race issue.” These legislators articulated a political agenda reflecting crosscutting issues that were not easily codified along a single issue axis. Instead, the legislators articulated their legislative priorities as complex and multifaceted. They saw their legislative priorities affecting constituents across their districts, but they also keenly expressed the impact of these issues on the lives and well-being of women in particular.
Anxiousness, Frustration, and Effortful Control as Moderators of the Relation between Parenting and Adjustment in Middle-childhood

Interactions among multiple dimensions of child temperament and parenting were tested as predictors of change in child adjustment problems using a community sample (N = 188) of children (8–12 years). Significant interactions suggested that the effect of parenting on changes in problems were dependent upon temperament and, in some cases, child sex. Effortful control mitigated the potential negative impact of inconsistent discipline and physical punishment on externalizing problems, whereas frustration exacerbated the effects of inconsistent discipline and rejection. Anxiousness moderated parenting only for boys, mitigating the impact of inconsistent discipline on internalizing and externalizing problems but exacerbating the effects of physical punishment on externalizing problems. Implications for identifying children at risk for developing adjustment problems and for parenting interventions are discussed.
Comparing South Texas and Qatari readers’ responses to short stories from three cultures

Emotional and interpretive responses to three short stories were noted in two study populations of similar age: Qatari students in a post-highschool foundation program preparing to attend branch campuses of western universities located in Qatar, and American students, many of Mexican-American heritage, from a small college in a rural setting in South Texas. It has long been thought that reading literature from a foreign culture confers educational value on the reader; in this investigation the nature of that ‘value’ was placed under study. Written responses to quiz questions or assignments were used as data; responses critical of or affirming of character, setting, plot, and literary tropes were particularly noted. Our data show that readings from an author whose culture was similar to the reader’s created interest and urged both intellectual and affective types of understanding, such as remembering, grieving, healing, forgiving, and feeling pride. Readings from ‘classic’ literature presented in historical context strongly enabled critical discussion among students in a multicultural setting, since the author’s absence from the scene ‘allows’ free conversation about his or her work without fear of insulting the author’s culture. Readings by contemporary writers from outside the reader’s culture, or ‘multicultural literature’, may cause some readers to shy away from the challenge of understanding another culture or to voice stereotypes instead of seeking ideas. Readings from outsider cultures, however, and the affective distancing of ‘othering’, enable the well-prepared educator and student to discuss how culture patterns our lives.
Fault detection and automated fault diagnosis for embedded integrated electrical passives

In this paper, we propose a novel test technique for fault detection and automated fault diagnosis using pole/zero analysis of embedded integrated passive. For pole/zero analysis, an ensemble of circuits obtained by perturbing the circuit under test parameters using their known statistical distributions is generated. The poles and zeros of every circuit in this ensemble are extracted. From knowledge of the passive circuit specifications, pass and fail regions for the critical poles and zeros are computed in the real-imaginary plane. The proposed test technique uses a region-matching algorithm to detect faults and perform automated diagnosis of catastrophic and parametric faults using frequency domain 2-port measurements.
Promoter hypermethylation for molecular nodal staging in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Context.— Even among cases of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the most favorable stage (IA), the disease-specific mortality is 25% or greater. One plausible explanation implicates the simplistic standard pathologic procedures used to designate lymph node involvement. A more sensitive assessment of the nodal status may improve staging. Objective.—To determine the prognostic impact of detecting an abnormal molecular event (promoter hypermethylation in a set of relevant genes) in histologically uninvolved lymph nodes in resected NSCLC. Design.—In this retrospective analysis of archived material, we examined DNA extracted from lymph nodes of stage I NSCLC (n = 180). Patients underwent surgery between 1991 and 1995 in a single institution. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect promoter hypermethylation in a panel of 8 genes. Survival data were extracted from the computerized database at the Tumor Registry. Results.—Evidence of promoter hypermethylation in at least 1 g...
Boys' Love anime and queer desires in convergence culture: transnational fandom, censorship and resistance

Despite its ever-growing international popularity, Japanese anime and the industries that support it are in the middle of a crisis. In an era of media convergence, popularity has not translated into consistent profits as anime producers continue to lose money at home and overseas to rampant file sharing and ubiquitous streaming video sites illegally hosting copyrighted content that can be viewed for free. As a result, convergence is simultaneously fuelling the current anime industry crisis while also opening up new opportunities to make participatory culture work for both fans and producers – especially for niche markets like Boys' Love. This article explores how Boys' Love fans in Japan and other countries often operate in contradictory tension with and against anime industries and socio-cultural values as they access, consume and create around a form of homoerotic media that they do not want to be assimilated into mainstream culture and its norms. As more transnational publishers and distributors are li...
Clinical significance of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after staging bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.

fetal cardiac rhythms (abstr). J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:358A. 8. Abboud S, Barka G, Mashiach S, Sadeh D. Quantification of the fetal electrocardiogram using averaging technique. Comput Biomed Res 1990;20:147– 155. 9. Karin J, Segal O, Hirsch M, Akselrod S. Noninvasive fetal ECG monitoring system. Circulation 1995;92:I-707. 10. Strasburger, JF, Huhta JC, Carpenter RJ, Garson A, McNamara DG Doppler Echocardiography in the Diagnosis and Management of persistent Fetal Arrhythmias. J Am Coll of Cardiol 1986;7:5: 1386–91. 11. Kleinman CS, Copel JA, Hobbins JC. Combined echocardiographic and Doppler assessment of fetal congenital atrioventricular block. Br J Obst Gyn 1987;94:967–974. 12. Steinfield L, Rappaport HL, Rossbach HC, Martinez E. Diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias. Using echocardiographic and Doppler techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;86:1425.
Influence of supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with vitamin E on performance and selected physiological traits of male turkeys

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementing practical diets of male turkeys with dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TA). In Experiment 1, a factorial arrangement of dietary treatments [0, 12, 50, 150, and 300 IU TA/kg with 0 or 300 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg] was used. These 10 treatments were fed to poults from 1 to 41 d of age. From 41 to 118 d of age, the AA treatments were discontinued, and the 300 IU TA treatment groups were changed to 12 IU TA/kg. Neither TA nor AA treatments affected 41-d BW, feed to gain ratio (FE), or livability. No effects of dietary TA concentrations on turkey performance were observed through 118 d of age alpha-Tocopherol (TOC) concentrations of plasmas and livers were increased by increments of dietary TA, with substantial liver storage when toms were fed 150 IU TA/kg from 1 to 118 d. Supplementing diets with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 IU TA/ kg in Experiments 2 and 3 had no effect on performance of toms through 119 and 105 d, respectively. alpha-Tocopherol concentrations of plasma and red blood cells (RBC) increased linearly with increments of dietary TA. The same was true for livers in Experiment 2. Susceptibility of RBC to hemolysis induced by 400 microM t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) in Experiment 2 decreased with increasing dietary TA, and these decreases corresponded to increases in TOC concentration of RBC. However, the relationships between hemolysis and dietary TA or RBC TOC were inconsistent in Experiment 3 and varied according to concentration of TBH (200, 300, or 400 microM) and age of the toms. At 105 d of age, RBC of toms fed no supplemental TA were resistant to hemolysis, irrespective of dietary TA and TBH concentration. In Experiment 3, there were no indications of dietary TA effects on plasma peroxide concentration or activity of plasma creatine kinase. A positive relationship between dietary TA and blastogenic responses of blood lymphocytes was observed with concanavalin A when toms were at 44 d but not at 23 or 86 d of age. The overall data indicate that corn-soybean meal diets containing from 6 to 20 IU TOC/kg, but no supplemental TA supported satisfactory performance and well-being of male turkeys from 1 d of age to market ages when the turkeys were free of disease, as was true in the research reported here.
Modernity and its Discontents: On the Durability of Nationalism in the Arab Middle East

. Because many area experts studying the Arab Middle East commonly credit assumptions about nationalism that have, for the most part, been abandoned by their colleagues working in other parts of the globe, they assert that nationalist sentiment in the region has declined, either as a result of a series of political shocks or as the result of competition from other ideologies (such as Islamism). However, popular forms of nationalism not only have strong roots in the region, they have been continually reinforced over time. As a result, the current popular support for Islamism cannot be taken as a sign that nationalist sentiments are on the decline, particularly in light of the fact that Islamic movements share with nationalism a number of significant attributes.
Integration of DCE and local registries: design approaches

When DCE is implemented on an existing operating system platform, its security facilities need to be integrated with the local security facilities on that platform. One key task in this effort is the integration of the DCE registry and the local security registry. This paper discusses the requirement for registry integration, and considers alternative approaches to a number of major structural issues that arise when integrating the DCE registry with local registries, including:The relationship of the DCE registry with respect to the local registriesPropagation of updates to local registriesSelectivity of update propagation“Push” versus “pull” of updates“Write-through” versus “virtual update”.
Organized retailing in India: upstream channel structure and management

Purpose – This paper's aim is to identify structural and relational factors influencing the upstream channel management of organized retailers in India.Design/methodology/approach – In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 organized retailers and two manufacturers in India. Data were analyzed using the thematic network analysis technique from qualitative research. The authors use the framework of institutional theory to guide the discussion.Findings – The findings suggest that government regulations influence the supply chain structure in India. Relational bonds offset the uncertainty borne of weak institutions. Informational transparency and long‐term orientation foster trust between channel partners. This trust, in turn, leads to collaborative partnerships.Research limitations/implications – The findings have implications for multinationals planning to enter the Indian retail industry. There is a need to understand complex regulatory and social institutions in India. The uniqueness of these institutio...
New Velocity Tuned Filter Using Nanoelectronic Architecture

Motion computation is a major concern for real-time vision machines or retinas that require tiny, energy efficient, and fast circuitry. This concern has been addressed through the use of velocity tuned filters, which are a major part of motion computation circuitry. However, conventional velocity tuned filters have limitations in area, power, and speed for real-time motion computation. Hence, we propose a new velocity tuned filter with tiny, energy efficient, and fast circuitry. Our new velocity tuned filter employs nanoelectronic architecture based on quantum dot arrays on resonant tunneling diodes. The new velocity tuned filter is superior to existing velocity tuned filters in area, power and speed. Additionally, analysis of the system demonstrates that it is asymptotically stable in the specific region where f′(S n,m )≥0.
Fingerprinting Mobile User Positions in Sensor Networks

We demonstrate that the network flux over the sensor network provides us fingerprint information about the mobile users within the field. Such information is exoteric in the physical space and easy to access through passive sniffing. We present a theoretical model to the network flux according to the statuses of mobile users. We fit the theoretical model with the network flux measurements through Non-linear Least Squares (NLS) and develop an algorithm that iteratively approaches the NLS solution by Sequential Monte Carlo Estimation. With sparse measurements of the flux information at individual sensor nodes, we are able to identify the mobile users within the network and instantly track their movements without breaking into the details of the communicational packets. A particular advantage of this approach is that compared to the vast information we can reveal the required knowledge is extremely cheap. As all fingerprint information comes from the network flux that is public under current wireless communication medium, our study indicates that most of existing systems are vulnerable in protecting the privacy of mobile users.
HLA matching in allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Purpose of reviewThe success of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is influenced by the degree of HLA compatibility between the donor and patient. The goal of this review is to summarize new findings in the field of immunogenetics and HCT from unrelated donors using myeloablative con
THE PHASE PORTRAIT OF THE REDUCED EINSTEIN EQUATIONS

We discuss the phase portrait of the reduced Einstein (3+1)-equations on a compact manifold of Yamabe type -1. We show that the flow for these equations either has a unique fixed point if the underlying manifold M is hyperbolizable or has no fixed points if M is not hyperbolizable. Thus the topology of M is a critical determinant of the phase portrait of the reduced equations. If, additionally, M is rigid, the fixed point is a local attractor, thereby answering an important question regarding the stability of these model universes. In the non-hyperbolizable case, under certain conditions, the reduced Einstein flow predicts that the conformal volume collapses M, in contrast to the physical volume which, as befits an expanding universe, goes to infinity as the coordinate time goes to infinity.
Effect of novel negative allosteric modulators of neuronal nicotinic receptors on cells expressing native and recombinant nicotinic receptors: implications for drug discovery.

Allosteric modulation of nAChRs is considered to be one of the most promising approaches for drug design targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We have reported previously on the pharmacological activity of several compounds that seem to act noncompetitively to inhibit the activation of α3β4* nAChRs. In this study, the effects of 51 structurally similar molecules on native and recombinant α3β4 nAChRs are characterized. These 51 molecules inhibited adrenal neurosecretion activated via stimulation of native α3β4* nAChR, with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 13.0 μM. Using cells expressing recombinant α3β4 nAChRs, these molecules inhibited calcium accumulation (a more direct assay to establish nAChR activity), with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 38.2 μM. Radiolabeled nAChR binding studies to orthosteric sites showed no inhibitory activity on either native or recombinant nAChRs. Correlation analyses of the data from both functional assays suggested additional, non-nAChR activity of the molecules. To test this hypothesis, the effects of the drugs on neurosecretion stimulated through non-nAChR mechanisms were investigated; inhibitory effects ranged from no inhibition to 95% inhibition at concentrations of 10 μM. Correlation analyses of the functional data confirmed this hypothesis. Several of the molecules (24/51) increased agonist binding to native nAChRs, supporting allosteric interactions with nAChRs. Computational modeling and blind docking identified a binding site for our negative allosteric modulators near the orthosteric binding site of the receptor. In summary, this study identified several molecules for potential development as negative allosteric modulators and documented the importance of multiple screening assays for nAChR drug discovery.
Research Based Answers to Questions about Emergent Literacy in Kindergarten.

Several questions school psychologists and teachers have regarding emergent literacy in kindergarten are addressed. Answers to questions are based on an extensive review of the literature. Answers include specific suggestions for encouraging kindergarten children's emergent literacy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pattern retrieval and learning in nets of asynchronous binary threshold elements

A training algorithm for network of asynchronous learning-threshold elements is presented and analyzed. The algorithm is based on the Hebbian hypothesis, and it allows adaptation of the learning-network parameters to changing pattern environments. In particular, the network's properties can be quantified in environments where pattern occurrence is random, with nonequal, nonstationary probability distributions. The state reassessment probabilities of neurons during information retrieval can also be nonstationary and not equal for all neurons. The trained network is a content-addressable memory. The authors evaluate its stabilization properties with respect to a given set of patterns, using the theory of Markov processes. The results are applicable for the determination of efficient coding for information that has to be stored, and for prediction of actual pattern-retrieval capabilities of the trained network. The authors include the popular sum-of-outer-products assignment as an analyzable specific case of their training procedure, and allow the steady-state analysis of a large group of sigmoidal learning curves. >
Relational Psychophysiology and Mutual Regulation During Dyadic Therapeutic and Developmental Relating

Human experiences of empathy and presence are quintessential in therapeutic as well as intimate relationships. The work on relational psychophysiology has informed psychotherapeutic research by illustrating how early life physiological concordance between mother and infant is critical in mutual dyadic regulation. These processes cross several developmental domains, including biological, affective, social, and self-identity. By examining physiological concordance, this research has propelled our understanding of mutual regulation into the more expansive understanding of dyadically expanded states of consciousness. The core of the therapeutic relationship inherently engenders expanded opportunities and reorganization of the client, as well as the therapist. By incorporating the views of nonlinear dynamic systems theory, this model views the human as an open dynamic system, consisting of interrelated domains of functioning (i.e., physiological, emotional, cognitive/symbolic, and social/behavioral), where each is an agent in mutual regulation and growth. Fine-tuning the mutual regulation model by bringing in relational psychophysiology and dynamic systems theory offers an expanded understanding of intimate human relationships, including early systemic development between mother and infant, as well as therapist–client effectiveness.
4-Chloro-3,5-dinitropyrazole: a precursor for promising insensitive energetic compounds

A series of 3,5-dinitropyrazole derivatives was prepared from 4-chloro-3,5-dinitropyrazole in good yields and characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C NMR (some cases 15N NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DSC. The structures of 7 and 13 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The impact sensitivity was determined using a standard BAM method, and detonation properties were obtained using experimental densities and calculated heats of formation.
Nitrogen partitioning and transport through a subalpine lake measured with an isotope tracer

We used a stable isotope tracer to measure nitrogen (N) assimilation and transfer through Bull Trout Lake, a 0.3-km2 mountain lake in Idaho, specifically to explore the relative importance of pelagic and benthic producers. was added into the inflow stream above the lake during spring runoff and the resulting mass of tracer was measured within the various ecosystem compartments, including the outflow stream. Although a portion of the moved through the lake quickly due to a low hydraulic residence time during the addition, the tracer was also assimilated rapidly by seston in the water column and at a slower rate by benthic primary producers. By the end of the 10-d injection, 10% of the tracer had left via outflow, 21% was within seston, and 17% was in epiphytes and macrophytes. However, 70 d after the termination of the injection, only ∼ 1% of the tracer remained within seston, whereas 10% was within the benthic primary production compartment as N was recycled within the benthic zone. Quantitative transfer of 15N to invertebrate and fish consumers was low, but turnover in these compartments was slow. A conservative water mass tracer (bromide) indicated that the turnover rate for lake water was 1.8% d−1, whereas 15N turnover for the whole lake was only 0.7% d−1, demonstrating how lakes exert drag on nutrients as they move through the watershed. Due to uptake and storage of nutrients, Bull Trout Lake strongly influenced the timing and magnitude of nutrient export from its watershed.
Associations of Hormone-Related Factors With Breast Cancer Risk According to Hormone Receptor Status Among White and African American Women

Abstract Background Causes of racial disparities in breast cancer incidence and mortality between white and African American women remain unclear. This study evaluated associations of menstrual and reproductive factors with breast cancer risk by race and cancer subtypes. Patients and Methods Included in the study were 1866 breast cancer cases and 2306 controls recruited in the Nashville Breast Health Study, a population-based case-control study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results African American women were more likely to have estrogen receptor-negative (ER − ), progesterone receptor-negative (PR − ), and triple-negative (ER − PR − HER2 − ) breast cancer than white women. Age at menarche (≥ 14 years) and multiparity (≥ 3 live births) were inversely associated with ER + tumors only, whereas late age at first live birth (> 30 years) and nulliparity were associated with elevated risk; such associations were predominantly seen in white women (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.55-0.88; OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56-0.92; OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13-1.79; OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63, respectively). Age at menopause between 47 and 51 years was associated with elevated risk of ER − tumors in both white and African American women. Among women who had natural menopause, positive association between ever-use of hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk was seen in white women only (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.03-1.87). Conclusion This study suggests that certain hormone-related factors are differentially associated with risk of breast cancer subtypes, and these associations also differ by race.
Comparison of culture and molecular techniques for microbial community characterization in infected necrotizing pancreatitis

Abstract Background Infected necrotizing pancreatitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Peripancreatic fluid cultures may fail to identify all the infecting organisms. The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial biome of peripancreatic fluid from infected necrotizing pancreatitis patients using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) DNA deep sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene versus standard laboratory culture. Materials and methods Peripancreatic fluid was collected during operative or radiologic intervention and samples sent for culture. In parallel, microbial DNA was extracted, qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA PCR amplification followed by Illumina deep sequencing were performed. Results Using culture techniques, the bacterial strains most frequently identified were gram-negative rods (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Enterococcus. Samples in which culture results were negative had copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene close to background in qPCR analysis. For samples with high bacterial load, sequencing results were in some cases in good agreement with culture data, whereas in others there were disagreements, likely due to differences in taxonomic classification, cultivability, and differing susceptibility to background contamination. Sequencing results appeared generally unreliable in cases of negative culture where little microbial DNA was input into qPCR sequencing reactions. Conclusions Both sequencing and culture data display their own sources of bias and potential error. Consideration of data from multiple techniques will yield a more accurate view of bacterial infections than can be achieved by any single technique.
Structural Differentiation of Spermatozoa During Post-Testicular Maturation

The male gamete exits from the testis as a highly polarized but functionally immature spermatozoon that requires further differentiation in the epididymis to become progressively motile and to acquire fertilizing capacity. This crucial developmental process requires sperm interaction with a progressively changing luminal environment regulated by region-specific secretory and absorptive activities of the epididymal epithelium (Hinton and Palladino, 1995; Hinton et al., 1996). Early studies demonstrated striking differences in the electrophoretic mobility of whole caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa (Bedford, 1963), suggesting that a maturation-dependent increase in anionic residues on the sperm surface resulted from this interaction. This idea was confirmed ultrastructurally by cytochemical studies demonstrating altered binding of charged colloidal iron particles and lectins to specific surface domains of the spermatozoon as they transit the epididymis (Yanagimachi et al., 1972; Nicolson et al., 1977). Now it is recognized that an extensive biochemical remodeling of the protein, glycoprotein and lipid composition of the sperm plasma membrane is an important component of post-testicular sperm maturation (Bartles, 1995; Jones 1998; Ladha, 1998).
Wash Sales with Replacement by Related Parties

The proposal discussed here would make the suspension of loss automatic if a closely related party replaces the sold loss property within 30 days before or after the loss sale, but would preserve the loss for the original seller. That loss would not be recognized until the related party sells the replacement property or the relatedness is broken.The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration by tax professionals to develop and perfect proposals to help Congress when it needs to raise revenue. Shelf Project proposals are intended to raise revenue, defend the tax base, follow the money, and improve the rationality and efficiency of the tax system. The tax community can propose, follow, or edit proposals at http://www.taxshelf.org. A longer description of the Shelf Project can be found at ‘‘The Shelf Project: Revenue-Raising Projects That Defend the Tax Base,’’ Tax Notes, Dec. 10, 2007, p. 1077, Doc 2007-22632, 2007 TNT 238-37.Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.Copyright 2008 Calvin H. Johnson.
Undue Influence in Wills in Illinois

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, in his Essay on Style, has pointed out that the human ear delights in expressions which repeat with slight variations the same or similar sounds. Sometimes such phrases form catchwords and we repeat them almost oblivious of their significance. The tripping of the tongue lulls the intellect like an opiate. Who does not relish speaking the words "parallelepiped," "estoppel in pais," "territorial integrity," "corporate entity," or "trespass on the case"? Another such phrase is "undue influence." The repetition of the nasal "n" combines with the "undoo-infloo" effect of the vowels to form a captivating catchword. "He undue-influenced me," declared an old lady client in explaining why she had signed certain deeds at the request of her estranged husband. She spoke with the pleased air of a child who expects to be applauded for the intellectual feat of uttering the word "papa" to identify a man. She spoke as though it were only necessary to enunciate the words to end her difficulties. Patiently I asked her what her husband had done to induce her to sign the deeds, but she would only repeat "he undue-influenced me." I started to explain to her what the words "undue influence" meant, but my explanation became lame and halting and finally degenerated into examples-none of which fitted her case in the remotest fashion. A few years later I was under the necessity of reading all of the cases in Illinois on undue influence. I found that the Supreme Court has been patiently explaining for years to the members of the Bar that the words "undue influence" do not mean what counsel think they mean. They are not an "open sesame" to broken wills and cancelled deeds. Out of one hundred and sixty cases in this State which I have examined, there are only eleven cases where a decree for contestants in a will contest on the ground of undue influence has been affirmed.' And even in most of these
Transgenerational Transmission of the Effect of Gestational Ethanol Exposure on Ethanol Use-Related Behavior

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) enhances the risk for alcoholism by increasing the propensity to consume alcohol and altering neurophysiological response to alcohol challenge. Trans-generationally transmittable genetic alterations have been implicated in these behavioral changes. To date, transgenerational transmission of PAE-induced behavioral responses to alcohol has never been experimentally investigated. Therefore, we explored the transgenerational transmission of PAE-induced behavioral effects across 3 generations. Methods Pregnant Sprague Dawley dams received 1 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) or water daily on gestational days 17 through 20 via gavage, or remained untreated in their home cages. To produce second filial (F2) or F3 generations, similarly treated adult F1 or F2 offspring were mated and left undisturbed through gestation. On postnatal day (PND) 14, male and female F1, F2, and F3 offspring were tested for consumption of 5% (w/v) EtOH (in water), or water. Using the loss of righting reflex (LORR) paradigm on PND 42, F1 and F2 adolescent male offspring were tested for sensitivity to acute EtOH-induced sedation–hypnosis at 3.5 or 4.5 g/kg dose. F3 male adolescents were similarly tested at 3.5 g/kg dose. Blood EtOH concentration (BEC) was measured at waking. Results EtOH exposure increased EtOH consumption compared to both water and untreated control groups in all generations. EtOH-treated group F1 and F2 adolescents displayed attenuated LORR duration compared to the water group. No attenuated LORR was observed in the F3 generation. BEC at waking corroborated with the significant LORR duration differences while also revealing differences between untreated control and water groups in F1 and F2 generations. Conclusions Our results provide novel behavioral evidence attesting that late gestational moderate EtOH exposure increases EtOH intake across 3 generations and may alter sensitivity to EtOH-induced sedation–hypnosis across 2 generations.
The Sol y Agua Project: Enhancing Middle School Education through Computing with an Emphasis on Simulation and Data Science (Abstract Only)

Data Science, the field of data extraction, manipulation, and analysis in order to derive knowledge or insight, is becoming an essential component of effective management and planning for industrial, research, scientific, and social communities. With the goal of engaging middle-school students in the important field of Data Science, the Sol y Agua project is developing a computer game based on regional environmental issues explored through data analysis. The Sol y Agua project will augment the learning environment of middle school students by incorporating simulation and data science to existing curricula in the form of an interactive educational game. The game has a theme of water sustainability and stewardship with an emphasis on information analysis, negotiation, and decision-making. The game will also immerse students in regional issues concerning biodiversity, sustainability, and the human impact on the environment. This video game will allow students to analyze and interpret data, and make informed decisions about water conservation and sustainability. Simulation and data visualization allow students to perform simulated, environmentally-conscious planning and virtual experiments. Using simulations allows students to easily and inexpensively gather data from the virtual environment. Data visualization allows us to quickly represent this data in new, meaningful, and engaging ways.
Abstract LB-113: PKC-iota induces uncontrolled glioblastoma cell survival by modulating proapoptotic function of Bad

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Brain tumors are a major challenge since they destroy the most important part of the human body. The aggressive and infiltrative behavior is a hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme which makes it highly incurable. PKC-iota is reported to be highly expressed in transformed phenotype of human glioma, benign and malignant meningiomas (Cell Prolif. 41:122-35, 2008) but the signaling mechanism by which PKC-iota induces glioma cell survival remains elusive. Hence, in the current study, we investigated whether PKC-iota phosphorylates and de-activates Bad, a pro-apoptotic BH3-only molecule of the Bcl-2 family. Our results demonstrated that PKC-iota co-localizes as well as directly associates and phosphorylates Bad at Ser-112, Ser-136 and Ser-155. In addition, recombinant PKC-iota induced direct phosphorylation of exogenous as well as endogenous Bad at all three serine residues as shown by in-vitro kinase assay. Recombinant PKC-zeta (is 70% homologous to PKC-iota) and PKC-delta (known to regulate the activity of Bad in rat cardiac myocytes; Mol Cells. 24:224-231, 2007) in contrast phosphorylated Bad only at Ser-112 residue in in-vitro kinase assays. Reduction of PKC-iota upon RNA interference exhibited a corresponding reduction in Bad phosphorylation at these three sites. Conversely, inhibition of PKC-zeta and delta by their corresponding siRNA did not lead to reduction of Bad phosphorylation. Additionally, disruption of Bad/Bcl-XL heterodimerization was not observed in either of the RNA silenced samples. Thus, our data strongly supports the hypothesis that PKC-iota may function as a Bad kinase directly inhibiting its pro-apoptotic function and impeding the normal homeostasis of glioma cells thereby enhancing prolonged survival of glioma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-113.
Carbon Nitride Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Thin films of diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) are technologically important materials that serve as hard, scratch resistant and chemically inert coatings for tools and optics. Recent calculations suggest that β-C3N4 should be harder than diamond. We have deposited carbon nitride (CNx) thin films by pulsed laser deposition. The films were grown from a graphite target in a nitrogen background. The nitrogen source was either (a) a N2 gas atmosphere, or (b) a N2+/N+ ion beam generated by a Kaufman ion gun. A wide range of deposition parameters were investigated, such as deposition pressure (0.3-900 mTorr N2), substrate temperature (50 and 600 °C), and laser fluence (1-4 J/cm2) and laser repetition rate (1-10 Hz). The films have been characterized by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, thin-film X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In general, the films were nitrogen deficient with a maximum nitrogen to carbon ratio (N/C) of 0.45 and a shift in the G band Raman peak consistent with amorphous CNx (a-CNx).
Western immunoblotting in avian shell gland sample immunoblotting methods

Abstract Avian shell gland tissue was subjected to Western blot analysis using anti-human estrogen receptor-α antibody H222. Initial attempts to obtain consistent, high-quality blots were unsuccessful because, as it turned out, excessive lipid in tissue preparations interfered with protein separation. Incremental additions of acetone eventually proved to be the critical step in solubilizing lipids and allowing consistent separation of bands on gels. A detailed description of the methodology is presented.
Political Parties and Federalism: The Republican National Committee Involvement in Gubernatorial and Legislative Elections

A noncentralized structure has long been considered the most salient characteristic of American political parties,' and the federal nature of the Constitution is traditionally thought to have contributed in a major way toward the dispersion of power among the parties' national, state and local units. As a consequence, contemporary discussions of the political party system continue to operate on the basis of several conventional assumptions:
Comparison of cell membrane water permeability in monolayers and suspensions.

We previously measured the membrane water permeability of monolayers and suspensions of MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells at room temperature, and found that water transport was faster in monolayers. Here, we compare water transport kinetics in monolayers and suspensions over a range of temperatures for two different cell types, MIN6 cells and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). At room temperature the results for BPAEC and MIN6 cells were similar, with approximately 2-fold faster water transport in monolayers than suspensions. The activation energy for water transport (Ea) was estimated from Arrhenius plots of the water permeability data. The values of Ea for monolayers and suspensions of MIN6 cells were not significantly different. However, the activation energy was significantly lower for BPAEC monolayers (Ea = 49±2 kJ/mol) than suspensions (Ea = 70 ± 4 kJ/mol). Predictions of water transport during cryopreservation revealed substantial differences in supercooling between monolayers and suspensions.
Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Association Between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Background:Long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is linked with cardiovascular disease, and disadvantaged status may increase susceptibility to air pollution-related health effects. In...
Application Research of Fault Current Limiter on the EHV Grid

This paper introduces recent researches about fault current limiter(FCL).Due to weakness of instability of many kinds of FCLs,they are not applied on the EHV.The series reactor is mostly used on the EHV for its stability,however,it adds power loss to the system,and specially,it decreases the system transient stability.Short circuit current limiter(SCCL) based on series resonance can avoid the disadvantages of the series reactor.This paper also analyzes how SCCL increases the transient stability by the equivalent square rule.It can decrease the acceleration square and increase system speed-down area.Resonance parameters design is the key point in the engineering design.If the restrain coefficient is too high,the power strength of SCCL would be challenged.To protect the capacitor to be safely switched is the key technology of SCCL for the voltage of the capacitor would be quickly increased when a fault occurs.Multi-bypass breaker,which consists of MOV,thyristor,spark-gap and high speed breaker,can resist the disaster of the capacitor broken down by the overvolatage.MOV acts as the first line.SCR acts the second line.If SCR fails to act or delays much time,spark-gap would be triggered quickly,then high speed breaker closes up to endure bulk fault current.Thus the transmission line would not be interrupted by the capacitor breaking down.Based on the main circuit of SCCL,lots of simulation experiments are observed to find the effects of the resonance parameters.Through optimizing the parameters,SCCL gets good response to the fault current and the capacitor is protected in the reasonable range.
Touring routes optimization study based on the genetic algorithm

The problem of designing travel route was regarded as an important subject in tourism planning research.Tourist route designing by scientific methods would be essential demand when tourism industry developed into a certain stage.It was presented a new method by using Genetic Algorithm to optimize touring routes.According to the characteristics of touring routes,the Genetic Algorithm was modified,and a travel route optimization algorithm was established.The simulation results indicated that using the modified Genetic Algorithms could find the optimal solution fastly.The research result suggested that the Genetic Algorithm applied to optimize of travel routes was effective.At last,the best travel routes of a simulation case was drawn based on the presented algorithm.
Chronic aflatoxin exposure in children living in Bhaktapur, Nepal: Extension of the MAL-ED study.

Exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin common in maize and groundnuts, has been associated with childhood stunting in sub-Saharan Africa. In an effort to further our understanding of growth impairment in relation to mycotoxins and other risk factors, biospecimens from a cohort of children enrolled in the Bhaktapur, Nepal MAL-ED study were assessed for aflatoxin exposure at 15, 24, and 36 months of age. Exposure was assessed through a well-established serum biomarker, the AFB1-lysine adduct. In this manuscript, the levels of aflatoxin exposure in the Nepal cohort were compared with those observed in aflatoxin studies, with child growth parameters as a health outcome. Results from this preliminary analysis demonstrated chronic aflatoxin exposure in children residing in Bhaktapur with a geometric mean of 3.62 pg AFB1-lysine/mg albumin. The range of exposure in this population is similar to those in African populations where associations with aflatoxin biomarkers and poor child growth have been observed. Future work will analyze the relationships between aflatoxin levels, growth, and other risk factors collected by the MAL-ED study.
Pulps and papers

It was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that the paper industry started to use wood pulp for making paper. Before this, timber had been used for many other purposes—building ships, houses, and for making furniture and boxes, but the beginning of the paper-making industry using wood pulp caused great changes in the practice of cutting trees.