cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RETENTION OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING AS A FUNCTION OF VERBAL CODING AND OVERT PRACTICE

Summary.-The effects on retention of overt verbal coding during exposure to a model, and overt practice immediately following exposure to a model were investigated. Overt verbal coding during observation of a film did not facilitate the retention of observational learning. However, as predicted, Ss given one overt practice session immediately following exposure to the model imitated significantly more of the model's behavior on the delayed posttest than Ss given no overt practice before the delayed posttest. Observational learning has been the focus of considerable research within the social psychological framework. More recently, special interest has been direcred to the role of symbolic coding operations in the acquisition and later retention of observationally learned material and skills. For example, Bandura, Grusec, and Menlov (1966) reported that Ss who verbally coded the actions of a filmed model were able to reproduce a greater percentage of the model's behaviors than those Ss who watched the model silently. VanHekken (1969) has confirmed the finding of Bandura, et al. and also found that verbal coding facilitates retention over a 4-wk. period. Gerst (1970), employing a 15-min. retention period, has also reported that symbolic coding operations during the observation period served to facilitate observational learning and retention. On the other hand, Rosenbaum (1967) and Coates and Hartup (1969) reported that verbal coding had no particular facilitaring effect on Ss' imitative performance immediately following exposure to a model. In the above studies Ss were tested for retention only after an immediate posttest following exposure to the model. It is possible to conceptualize the immediate posttest as an overt pracrice session and this practice session may have been responsible for the amount of retention observed. The purpose of the present study was to explore further the role of verbal coding in observational learning. It was also designed to test the hypothesis that a posttest, given immediately after exposure, is the agent responsible for the increased retention.
3D Honeycomb‐Like Structured Graphene and Its High Efficiency as a Counter‐Electrode Catalyst for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet, has attracted great interest due to its unique properties. To explore its practical applications, large-scale synthesis with controllable integration of individual graphene sheets is essential. To date, numerous approaches have been developed for graphene synthesis, including mechanical cleavage, epitaxial growth, and chemical vapor deposition. All of those techniques are used to prepare flat graphene sheets on a substrate. Chemical exfoliation of graphite has been applied to prepare graphene oxide solutions and graphene-based composite materials. Recently, tuning graphene shapes is attracting much attention. Cheng and co-workers synthesized graphene foam using porous Ni foam as a template for the CVD growth of graphene, followed by etching away the Ni skeleton. The graphene foam consists of an interconnected flexible network of graphene as the fast transport channel of charge carriers for high electrical conductivity. Ruoff et al. prepared porous graphene paper from microwave exfoliated graphene oxide by KOH activation. The porous graphene, which has an ultra-high surface area and a high electrical conductivity, was exploited for supercapacitor cells, leading to high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density. Feng, M llen, and co-workers synthesized hierarchical macroand mesoporous graphene frameworks (GFs). The GFs exhibited excellent performance for electrochemical capacitive energy storage. Yu et al. and Qu et al. fabricated graphene tubes that could be selectively functionalized for desirable applications. Choi et al. synthesized macroporous graphene using polystyrene colloidal particles as sacrificial templates in graphene oxide suspension, and the pore sizes can be tuned by controlling template particle size. These important results represent a significant topic—tuning the properties of graphene sheets by controlling their shapes. However, it is still a challenge to synthesize three-dimensional graphene (3D) with a desirable shape. Herein, we develop a novel strategy for the synthesis of a new type of graphene sheet with a 3D honeycomb-like structure by a simple reaction between Li2O and CO. Furthermore, these graphene sheets exhibited excellent catalytic performance as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with an energy conversion efficiency as high as 7.8%, which is comparable to that of an expensive platinum electrode. Li2O is widely exploited as a promoter in catalysts to inhibit carbon formation. However, this general principle is challenged by this work, in which Li2O is used to react with CO to form graphene-structured carbon [Eq. (1)]
Hydrogen interactions with acceptor impurities in SnO 2 : First-principles calculations

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the role of hydrogen in the passivation of Al, Ga, and In acceptors in ${\text{SnO}}_{2}$. We find that interstitial hydrogen bonds to oxygen atoms next to the acceptor impurities and effectively neutralizes their electrical activities. Based on calculated binding energies and migration barriers we discuss conditions under which hydrogen can be removed and acceptor activation can take place. We also calculate the stretch-mode vibrational frequencies associated with the hydrogen-impurity complexes, providing a signature for their experimental identifications.
The Effect of Some Engine Variables on Ignition Delay and Other Combustion Phenomena in a Diesel Engine

Measurements of ignition delay and other combustion phenomena were made on a single-cylinder, open-chamber, supercharged research diesel engine. The influence of engine speed, fuel/air ratio, and air-charge pressure are reported. The results show that the elapsed time from the start of injection until illumination occurs is longer than that for pressure rise due to combustion. As expected, the measured ignition delay is decreased with increased speed. However, when a correction was made for cylinder air temperature change due to speed, the ignition delay increased with speed. Increase in the fuel/air ratio decreased the measured ignition delay. However, when corrected, the ignition delay was unaffected by fuel/air ratio. The smoke increased with engine speed and fuel/air ratio.
Managing Latex-Free Mitral Valve Replacement

The management of cardiac surgery patients with latex allergy can be challenging. We describe successful mitral valve replacement in a latex-allergic patient using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. We also provide a list of some available latex-free products or latex-free alternatives.
Observations on field potentials at their point of generation

Abstract A technique for evoking then recording field potentials through one extracellular electrode was studied in the dentate gyrus of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. In the molecular layer (the location of granule cell dendrites), a −5 μA pulse (0.4 ms, 0.2 Hz) consistently elicited a ‘focal’ response the major component of which was a negative-going wave of about 1 ms latency, 10 ms duration, and −0.8 to −1.5 mV amplitude. This wave resembled, and could partially occlude, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) elicited electrically from the perforant path. It fatigued during high-frequency stimulation and is suggested to consist largely of granule-cell EPSPs produced by directly activated, perforant-path terminals. Focal and perforant-path tetanic stimulation led to stable potentiation of the focal negative phase. Stimulus-response curves for the negative phase were roughly linear over most or all of the stimulus range of −1 to −5 μA, but on a finer scale were serrated and irregular. After a tetanus, different stimulus-response curves showed parallel leftward shifts or slope changes along all or part of their range, implying multiple mechanisms of potentiation that might include both threshold and amplification changes. Several uses are suggested in the paper for focal recording of compound potentials in research and diagnosis.
Infrared-microwave two-photon spectroscopy of the ν4 and ν6 bands of D2CO☆

Abstract Transitions in the ν 4 and ν 6 bands of D 2 CO have been recorded by means of an infrared-microwave two-photon spectometer. The two-photon frequencies have been combined with frequencies obtained by infrared laser Stark and microwave spectroscopy to obtain rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground, ν 4 , and ν 6 states as well as vibrational frequencies and the Coriolis coupling constant for the two excited states. Expressions are reported for the linestrengths of two-photon transitions for an asymmetric rotor for the cases of parallel and perpendicular orientation of the planes of polarization of the infrared and microwave radiation.
Boundary layer measurements on an airfoil at a low Reynolds number in an oscillating freestream

Etude du comportement des bulles de decollement. Determination des distributions de pression et visualisation de l'ecoulement
Latin American Trade Policies in the 1970's: A Prospective Appraisal

I. Postwar development of Latin America: a synopsis, 263. — II. The legacy for the 1970's, 272. — III. Action in the 1970's: industrial exports to the more developed countries, 278. — IV. Action in the 1970's: economic integration, 284. — V. Summary and conclusions, 287.
Milieu Management for Drug Addicts: Extended Drug Subculture or Rehabilitation?

Summary The purpose of this paper is to attempt to show that present day paraprofessional drug milieu treatment facilities are extended drug subcultures and are not fully rehabilitating addicts. Research tends to indicate that Synanon House of California may offer its residents a protective society and a program which is not conducive to complete rehabilitation. It was also noted that ex-addicts may become part of Synanon's ex-addict social system and that the ex-addict may become emotionally dependent upon Synanon. Also, numerous clinical impressions and observations made by the writer during a graduate field work placement were noted. It was suggested that professional ex-addicts may be part of an extended drug subculture. Maintenance of the extended subculture and some of the inter- and inter personal dynamics which appear to be operating at a para-professional drug rehabilitation facility were discussed. Lastly, modifications of present day drug programs were suggested to facilitate rehabilitation. Generally, the recommendations centred around getting community people into the facility and getting residents out of the facility.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Attempts to surgically bypass the aqueductal obstruction in noncommunicating hydrocephalus began in the 1920s. In the modern era, Dandy was the first to create a direct communication between the third ventricle and chiasmatic cistern by opening the lamina terminalis using a subfrontal approach [43], or between the third ventricle and the interpeduncular cistern through the floor of the third ventricle using a subtemporal approach [44], [45]. His early subfrontal approach was rapidly abandoned, and only Voris reported some experience using the subtemporal approach [192]. Stookey and Scarff [177] modified the subfrontal approach, opening the lamina terminalis, entering the third ventricle, and then perforating the floor of the third ventricle into the interpeduncular cistern [130], [144]. Others proposed limiting the procedure to the opening of the lamina terminalis, and obtained comparable results [196].
Kinetics of T-cell receptor binding by bivalent HLA-DR. Peptide complexes that activate antigen-specific human T-cells.

Abstract Monovalent major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes dissociate within seconds from the T-cell receptor (TCR), indicating that dimerization/multimerization may be important during early stages of T-cell activation. Soluble bivalent HLA-DR2·myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide complexes were expressed by replacing the F(ab) arms of an IgG2a antibody with HLA-DR2·MBP peptide complexes. The binding of bivalent HLA-DR2·peptide complexes to recombinant TCR was examined by surface plasmon resonance. The bivalent nature greatly enhanced TCR binding and slowed dissociation from the TCR, with a t of 2.1 to 4.6 min. Soluble bivalent HLA-DR2·MBP peptide complexes activated antigen-specific T-cells in the absence of antigen presenting cells. In contrast, soluble antibodies to the TCR·CD3 complex were ineffective, indicating that they failed to induce an active TCR dimer. TCR/CD3 antibodies induced T-cell proliferation when bound by antigen presenting cells that expressed Fc receptors. In the presence of dendritic cells, bivalent HLA-DR2·MBP peptide complexes induced T-cell activation at >100-fold lower concentrations than TCR/CD3 antibodies and were also superior to peptide or antigen. These results demonstrate that bivalent HLA-DR·peptide complexes represent effective ligands for activation of the TCR. The data support a role for TCR dimerization in early TCR signaling and kinetic proofreading.
Control Software Design of A Compact Laparoscopic Surgical Robot System

We have developed a prototype teleoperated robotic surgical system which is modular, compact and easy to use. In this paper, the control software design of the prototype is introduced. The main function of the control software is to realize master-slave control. According to the functions, The control software consists of three layers: hardware drivers, master-slave control and human-machine interface. Each software layer includes several software modules which are easy to maintain and upgrade and are reliable. The preliminary motion control and experimental results are given in the end.
Two techniques for sampling freshwater habitats

Two techniques for sampling aquatic snail populations in freshwater habitats are described, one being a modification of the wellknown Ekman grab and the other a steel tube sampler.
Apollo 15 measurement of lunar surface brightness temperatures thermal conductivity of the upper 1 1/2 meters of regolith

In situ measurements of lunar surface brightness temperatures made as a part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package at the Apollo 15 Hadley Rille landing site are reported. Data derived from five thermocouples of the Heat Flow Experiment, which are lying on or just above the surface, are used to examine the thermal properties of the upper 15 cm of the lunar regolith using eclipse and nighttime cool-down temperatures. Application of finite-difference techniques in modeling the lunar soil shows that the thermocouple data are best fit by a model consisting of a low-density and low-thermal conductivity surface layer approximately 2 cm thick overlying a region increasing in conductivity and density with depth. Conductivities on the order of 0.00001 W per cm per deg K are postulated for the upper layer, with conductivity increasing to the order of 0.0001 W per cm per deg K at depths exceeding 20 cm. An increase in mean temperature with depth indicates that the ratio of radiative to conductive transfer at 350 K is 2.7 for at least the upper few centimeters of lunar soil; this value is nearly twice that measured for returned lunar fines.
Analysis of Eigenvalues and Modal Interaction of Stochastic Systems

An eigenvalue spectral analysis of stochastic engineering systems is presented. A comparative numerical study between approximations based on Monte Carlo sampling, a Taylor series-based perturbation approach, and the polynomial chaos representation is conducted. It is observed that the polynomial chaos representation gives more accurate estimates of the statistical moments than the perturbation method, especially for the higher modes. The differences of accuracy in the two methods are more pronounced as the system variability increases. Moreover, the chaos expansion gives a more detailed probabilistic description of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors. In addition, a method for representing the statistical modal overlapping is presented that characterizes the statistical interaction between the various modes.
The Racial Politics of Neoliberal Regulation in Post-Katrina Mississippi

After Hurricane Katrina devastated the landscape of much of coastal Mississippi, regional boosters frequently made the counterintuitive claim that the damage wrought by the storm actually represented an opportunity. Based on extensive empirical research and drawing from literature on racialization, white privilege, urban neoliberalism, and disaster capitalism, I show that the “opportunity” the storm produced was to remake the landscape in ways that deepen the neoliberalization of governance in the region. The justification of these governing and accumulation strategies hinged on the twin discourses of the region as a “blank slate” and the racial narrative of what Thomas (2011) calls “banal multiculturalism.” The relationship between the governing and accumulation strategies on the one hand, and the cultural politics of race on the other, are best understood, I argue, through the lens of the often-overlooked regulation approach.
Preparing Graduates for the Workforce: The Role of Business Education

Abstract This study examined the skills that both employers and students feel are important and the teaching methods that they feel are most effective in helping students learn and develop the desired skills. Lack of work experience, unrealistic expectations, and poor written communication skills are perceived by employers as weaknesses of many business school graduates. Internships and projects provide a “real-world” experience and help students learn to think and solve problems and develop their communication skills, which are all critical components of an education. Experience also helps students grasp the importance of dependability and initiative. “Hands-on” learning experiences combined with the academic skills that students learn in the classroom help to provide business school graduates with a competitive advantage in the workplace.
Increased oxygen transfer in a yeast fermentation using a microbubble dispersion

A microbubble dispersion (MBD) was used to supply oxygen for aerobic fermentations in a standard 2 L stirred tank fermenter. The microbubble dispersion was formed using only surfactants produced naturally. Growth rates ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were found to be equal or greater with MBD sparging than with gas sparging. The oxygen transfer coefficent with MBD sparging was found to be 190/h and independent of impeller speed from 100–580 rpm. The oxygen transfer coefficient with air sparging rose from 55 to 132/h over the same range of impeller speeds. Power requirements for the fermenter systems were estimated.
Bioinspired Modular Synthesis of Elastin-Mimic Polymers To Probe the Mechanism of Elastin Elasticity

Bioinspired modular synthesis of elastin-mimic polymers (EMPs) is achieved via Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cyclization (CuAAC). By changing the module, EMPs with different secondary structures determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra in trifluoroethanol (TFE) solution are obtained. The EMPs are characterized by measuring the lower critical solution temperatures (LSCTs) and the bulk mechanic properties under the conditions of both dry and hydrated forms. The unique molecular design enables us to probe mechanistic questions and assess the structure−property relationship of the EMPs. Our results indicate that, instead of a highly organized secondary structure, hydrophobic hydration is critical for the elasticity of EMPs.
Improving progressive view-dependent isosurface propagation

Abstract Recently, we proposed a new isosurface extraction algorithm that extracts portions of the isosurface in a view-dependent manner by ray casting and propagation. The algorithm casts rays through a volume to find visible active cells as seeds and then propagates their polygonal isosurface into the neighboring cells. Small pieces of the isosurface are generated by distance-limited propagation and joined together to form the final surface. This paper presents our evaluation of several design choices of the algorithm. We have implemented these design choices and showed that by making right design decisions, we can substantially reduce the time to obtain most (such as 99.9%) of the isosurface.
Aluminum nitride tunnel barrier formation with low-energy nitrogen ion beams

We report the use of low-energy nitrogen ion beams to form ultra-thin (<2 nm) layers of AlNx to act as tunnel barriers in Nb/Al–AlNx/Nb Josephson junctions. We fabricated reproducible, high-quality devices with independent control of the ion energy and dose, enabling exploration of a wide parameter space. Critical current density Jc ranged from 550 to 9400 A/cm2 with subgap-to-normal resistance ratios from 50 to 12.6. The spatial variation of ion-current density was roughly correlated with Jc over a large-area on a Si substrate. The junctions were stable on annealing up to temperatures of at least 200 °C. This technique could be applied to form other metal nitrides at room temperature for device applications where a high degree of control is desired.
Hsp70 Reduces α-Synuclein Aggregation and Toxicity *

Aggregation and cytotoxicity of misfolded α-synuclein is postulated to be crucial in the disease process of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and DLB (dementia with Lewy bodies). In this study, we detected misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein in a Triton X-100 insoluble fraction as well as a high molecular weight product by gel electrophoresis of temporal neocortex from DLB patients but not from controls. We also found similar Triton X-100 insoluble forms of α-synuclein in an α-synuclein transgenic mouse model and in an in vitro model of α-synuclein aggregation. Introducing the molecular chaperone Hsp70 into the in vivo model by breeding α-synuclein transgenic mice with Hsp70-overexpressing mice led to a significant reduction in both the high molecular weight and detergent-insoluble α-synuclein species. Concomitantly, we found that Hsp70 overexpression in vitro similarly reduced detergent-insoluble α-synuclein species and protected cells from α-synuclein-induced cellular toxicity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the molecular chaperone Hsp70 can reduce the amount of misfolded, aggregated α-synuclein species in vivo and in vitro and protect it from α-synuclein-dependent toxicity.
Marketing Graduates in the Financial/ Investment Services Sector: Students versus Executives

The attitudes of financial investment service executives towards hiring college students with marketing backgrounds are examined, as well as the attitudes of the students toward working in financial institutions. A large proportion of students indicated having many of the attributes considered by the executives to be prerequisites for success.
Pressure data for the experimental validation of a vortex-based parachute inflation code

An experiment in a water tow tank was conducted to provide surface pressure data for the validation of a vortex-based parachute inflation code being developed at Sandia National Laboratories. A rigid hemispherical shape similar to a ribbon parachute was tested in a nonsteady flow field. This report deseribes the experiment in sufficient detail to enable its recreation in a computational model. The pressure data are included in the paper in electronic format and consist of the local time-varying differential pressures across the ribbons at 20 locations as well as the differential pressure distribution around the hemisphere during the steady- state portion of the trajectory. A detailed error analysis establishes the bounds of validity of the data.
Quantum monte carlo.

An outline of a random walk computational method for solving the Schrodinger equation for many interacting particles is given, together with a survey of results achieved so far and of applications that remain to be explored. Monte Carlo simulations can be used to calculate accurately the bulk properties of the light elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium as well as the properties of the isolated atoms and of molecules made up from these elements. It is now possible to make reliable predictions of the behavior of these substances under experimentally difficult conditions, such as high pressure, and of properties that are difficult to measure experimentally, such as the momentum distribution in superfluid helium. For chemical systems, the stochastic method has a number of advantages over the widely used variational approach to determine ground-state properties, namely fast convergence to the exact result within objectively established error bounds.
4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2',3',4',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl are estrogenic in rainbow trout.

Many natural and synthetic xenobiotics are known to interact with endocrine systems of animals. Various hydroxylated metabolites of persistent polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants (hydroxy-polychlorinated biphenyls [OH-PCBs]) have been shown to have agonist or antagonist interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs). In this study, 4-hydroxy-2′,4′,6′-trichlorobiphenyl (OH-PCB 30) and 4-hydroxy-2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (OH-PCB 61), and the natural estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), were incorporated into diet and fed to juvenile rainbow trout. The production of vitellogenin (VTG), an egg yolk protein precursor in oviparous animals, was used as a marker of hepatic ER binding. All compounds induced plasma VTG in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal levels of approximately 5 mg VTG/ml plasma induced by E2, E1, and OH-PCB 30. Maximum plasma VTG of 0.048 mg/ml in the highest dose (50 mg/kg) of OH-PCB 61 was approximately 100-fold lower than natural estrogens and OH-PCB 30. At doses that induced submaximal VTG, E1 was two- to threefold less potent, and OH-PCBs were up to 500-fold less potent, than E2. Sex differences in VTG synthesis were apparent at weakly estrogenic doses, but not at maximal VTG-inducing doses. Predictions from previous receptor-binding studies underestimated the maximum estrogenic response of OH-PCB 30 in trout, which was achieved with a dose 10 times higher than E2. Differences in plasma VTG induction by OH-PCB 30 and OH-PCB 61 support in vitro predictions that the degree and position of chlorination are important for ER activation. Neither mixtures of estrogens nor OH-PCBs resulted in synergistic VTG induction.
Anisotropic second-harmonic generation from chromophoric self-assembled monolayers upon oxide overlayers of Si(111) surfaces

The nonlinear optical response of stilbazolium-based organic monolayers self-assembled upon silicon(111) substrates, which have oxide layers 4–860 nm thick, is studied by reflection second-harmonic generation at an input wavelength of 1.053 µm. All samples, irrespective of oxide thickness, display clear threefold symmetry about the azimuth, which is shown to arise from interference between an isotropic component generated by the chromophoric monolayer, and an anisotropic component of sixfold symmetry, which originates from the Si(111) substrate. Maximum second-harmonic intensity and orientation relative to the silicon lattice vary with different oxide thicknesses as a consequence of multiple internal reflections within the oxide layer, which can be expressed as thickness-dependent local field corrections. Evaluation of the principal tensor components permits estimation of the molecular tilt angle from the surface normal as ∼25° for monolayers self-assembled upon thick oxide overlayers (>30 nm).
Characteristics of BaTiO3 thin films on Si deposited by rf magnetron sputtering

Abstract Thin films of BaTiO3 were deposited on single-crystal Si using rf magentron sputtering. Different microstructures resulted from varying the substrate temperature during sputtering or from post-annealing after film deposition. High trap and surface state densities at the interface between BaTiO3 and were found for the films deposited at room temperature even though such showed a relatively low leakage current and a high breakdown voltage. These surface states or traps, nevertheless, could be partially annealed out of the film a temperature around 450°C. High deposition temperatures above 600°C introduced unrecoverable surface states at the interface. BaTiO3 thin films were deposited at a substrate temperature in the range 450-500°C gave the performance in terms of their electrical and interface properties. BaTiO3 thin-film capacitors with a configuration of Au/BaTiO3/p-Si/Al, fabricated with optimized BaTiO3 thin-film deposition conditions, showed a value of the dielectric constant near 30, a leak...
Eosinophilic Leucocytes and Phospholipase B of Rat Tissues

. The correlation between the eosinophilic leucocyte population and the phospholipase B activity of rat tissues has been tested with isolated cell preparations from intestine, lung, blood, bone marrow and spleen containing eosinophils in varying proportions and with pure eosinophil fractions separated by centrifugation on discontinuous metrizoate and metrizamide gradients. A uniform value of activity per cell was found in all these tissues extending previous histochemical and biochemical evidence that the eosinophil is the carrier cell for the phospholipase B to all major sites of distribution. the enzyme marker approach has been used for estimating the normal eosinophil population of rat organs and show the distribution pattern of the eosinophils in peripheral organs in the wake of increased production and release from the marrow.
Principal component analysis preprocessing with Bayesian networks for battery capacity estimation

Bayesian networks (BNs) are a common data-driven approach for representing and reasoning in the presence of uncertainty. Inference in a BN can quickly become intractable as the complexity of the network increases, specifically in the number of nodes and the number of states for each node. We demonstrate the benefit of preprocessing cyclic time-series measurements using principal component analysis (PCA), evaluating the technique with the BN to perform diagnostics on a set of lithium-ion batteries that have undergone repeated charging/discharging cycles. The results show how PCA preprocessing can result in simpler Bayesian network models than those from the raw data while still achieving higher accuracy.
Formation of Polymeric Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Complexes with Well-defined Organoboron Polymers

The binding of Lewis bases to organoboron polymeric Lewis acids has been studied and the parameters that determine the complexation equilibrium have been investigated, which include (i) the strength of the individual Lewis acids and Lewis bases, (ii) concentration, and (iii) temperature. While the strongly Lewis acidic borane polymers poly(4-bis(pentafluorophenyl)borylstyrene) (PS-BPf) and poly(4-(di-2-thienylboryl)styrene) (PS-BTh) form isolable complexes with strong Lewis bases such as 4-t-butylpyridine (tPy), a temperature dependent equilibrium is established with weaker bases such as THF. Similarly, the weakly Lewis acidic boronate polymer poly(4-diethoxyborylstyrene) (PS-BOEt) undergoes a temperature dependent equilibrium with the strong Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), while poly(4-pinacolatoborylstyrene) (PS-BPin) does not significantly bind to pyridine bases. Decomplexation of PS-BTh· t Py is achieved by treatment with the stronger Lewis acid, B(C6F5)3, thereby confirming the reversible nature of the polymeric Lewis acid–base adducts.
Integrated High-Performance Tunable Wavelength Converter Technologies for Future Terrestrial and Avionic Optical Networks

Monolithically integrated widely-tunable wavelength converters are a family of photonic integrated circuits whose function is essential for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, particularly in functions like optical switching, wavelength routing and add/drop multiplexing. Wavelength conversion in WDM optical networks can potentially allow for much greater network flexibility and improved performance. Tunable all-optical wavelength converters allow data to be transferred from an input wavelength to a tunable output wavelength without passing the signal through electronics. To be practical, the wavelength converters need to be capable of stable operation, have a small footprint, operate with low power consumption and have a low cost. Monolithically integrating wavelength converters with tunable lasers has the potential to meet all of these requirements. These requirements fit naturally with the demands of current and future avionic networks and systems for low weight, footprint and low power consumption robust components. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of integrated tunable wavelength converters, in particular focusing on the results related to the monolithic integrated wavelength converter research conducted at the University of California in Santa Barbara, as part of DARPA Microsystems Technology Office's Chip-Scale WDM (CS-WDM) program. The objective of the CS-WDM program was to develop and demonstrate novel chip-scale WDM component level technologies for use in networks on-board current and future military platforms, and to develop and evaluate innovative concepts in network design. These new WDM components and network concepts were intended to deliver significant improvements that are of particular benefit to military weapons systems, relative to conventional WDM methods.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess two somatostatin mRNAs that are differentially expressed.

Previously, we isolated a 624-bp cDNA encoding for a 115-amino acid preprosomatostatin containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-somatostatin (SS)-14 (now designated PPSS-II′) obtained from the endocrine pancreas (B...
MAPPING HYDRAULICALLY PERMEABLE FRACTURES USING DIRECTIONAL BOREHOLE RADAR AND HOLE-TO-HOLE TOMOGRAPHY WITH A SALINE TRACER

Reflection-mode borehole radar and transmission-mode radar tomograms image heterogeneity in the electromagnetic properties of rock. Heterogeneity may be produced by interfaces between different rock types, foliation, and fracturing. In crystalline rock, hydraulic flow is primarily through fracture networks rather than through the rock matrix. Borehole radar methods have been applied to help map flow paths in crystalline rock. Correlation of features identified in borehole radar reflection records and tomograms with hydraulic flow paths is generally uncertain because the records show responses to heterogeneity of all- kinds, not just to hydraulically permeable fractures. Even in lithologically uniform rock, it is often not possible to distinguish fractures of high hydraulic permeabilities from those with low permeabilities. It is possible to “erase” signatures from lithologic interfaces and rock fabric to identify the signatures of hydraulically permeable fractures by using a saline tracer in fractured crystalline rock because the electrical properties of the rock, except for the fractures that are open to infiltration by the brine solution, remain the same after the injection of the brine and may be removed by examining differences. Saline tracer experiments were carried out in 1995, 1996, and 1997 in the FSE well field at the Mirror Lake fractured-rock hydrology research site in Grafton County, New Hampshire. Comparisons of results from directional radar reflection surveys to well-to-well difference attenuation tomography in the same pairs of wells show generally good correspondence between the location of radar reflections and attenuation anomalies. Our results demonstrate the advantage of using a saline tracer for before-and-after difference mapping of hydraulically permeable fractures in lithologically heterogeneous rock and the utility of the coordinated use of directional borehole radar and hole-to-hole radar tomography.
Fluid Milk Purchase Patterns in the South: Effects of Use of Nutrition Information and Household Characteristics

This study measures the impacts of use of nutrition information and household socioeconomic characteristics on market participation and amount purchased of whole-fat and 10Wfat milks in the South. Data are from the 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, The results showed that use of nutrition information had little effect on purchase levels, but did affect market participation. Results suggest promotion of milk purchases on the basis of nutritional benefits through health professionals and product packaging are useful tools for the dairy industry to attract market participation. Household expenditure patterns on wholefat versus low-fat milks have changed markedly over the last several decades. Annual U.S, percapita consumption of whole-fat milk dropped from over 154 pounds in 1978 to less than 103 pounds in 1988. During this same time period, per capita consumption of low-fat milks increased by about 31 pounds (Putnam and Almshouse). Results from past studies have suggested that factors such as an aging of the population, more concern about health and nutrition, increased incomes, and increased education levels have contributed to these changes (Haidacher, Blaylock, and Myers, Heien and Wessells (1988a), Heien and Wessells (1988b), Smith, Herrrnann, and Warland, Jensen, Kesevan, and Johnson, Herrmann, Stemgold, and Warland). Results from Herrrnann, Stemgold, and Wariand’s study showed that consumers with high levels of concern about fat and cholesterol intake were more likely to have switched from consuming whole-fat milk than those who did not have high levels of concern. If these concerns are great enough, a household may elect not to participate in the market for whole-fat milk regardless of relative prices or income levels. Hence, in this case, the decision to participate in the market for whole-fat milk maybe separate from the decision of how much to spend.
The American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry: eliminating health disparities for individuals with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities

Recent reports by Special Olympics International and the U.S. Surgeon General have revealed significant disparities and unmet health needs encountered by persons with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities (MR/DD). Factors contributing to these disparities include deinstitutionalization, increased survival of individuals with MR/DD, lack of appropriately trained providers, and inadequate financing of dental services. To address these problems, a group of academically oriented dentists and physicians formed the American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry (AADMD). The mission of the AADMD is to improve the quality of health services provided to persons with MR/DD by improving dental and medical school-based training of dentists and enhancing clinically relevant research. A central theme of the AADMD is full collaboration between physicians and dentists in meeting its goals. The National Action Strategy developed by the AADMD focuses on creating a series of university-based Developmental Medicine and Dentistry Programs (UDMDPs) in medical and dental schools, which collaborate in service, teaching, and research with community-based primary care clinics, community hospitals, intermediate care facilities, and other private service delivery systems such as the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes Program that serve these patients. Oral-systemic interactions will receive special emphasis by the training and research programs.
Turbo reconstruction of structured sparse signals

This paper considers the reconstruction of structured-sparse signals from noisy linear observations. In particular, the support of the signal coefficients is parameterized by hidden binary pattern, and a structured probabilistic prior (e.g., Markov random chain/field/tree) is assumed on the pattern. Exact inference is discussed and an approximate inference scheme, based on loopy belief propagation (BP), is proposed. The proposed scheme iterates between exploitation of the observation-structure and exploitation of the pattern-structure, and is closely related to noncoherent turbo equalization, as used in digital communication receivers. An algorithm that exploits the observation structure is then detailed based on approximate message passing ideas. The application of EXIT charts is discussed, and empirical phase transition plots are calculated for Markov-chain structured sparsity.1
Properdin Is Critical for Antibody-Dependent Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae That Recruit C4b-Binding Protein

Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea is needed because of emerging resistance of gonococci to almost every class of antibiotic. A gonococcal lipooligosaccharide epitope defined by the mAb 2C7 is being evaluated as a candidate for development of an Ab-based vaccine. Immune Abs against N. gonorrhoeae need to overcome several subversive mechanisms whereby gonococcus evades complement, including binding to C4b-binding protein (C4BP; classical pathway inhibitor) and factor H (alternative pathway [AP] inhibitor). The role of AP recruitment and, in particular, properdin in assisting killing of gonococci by specific Abs is the subject of this study. We show that only those gonococcal strains that bind C4BP require properdin for killing by 2C7, whereas strains that do not bind C4BP are efficiently killed by 2C7 even when AP function is blocked. C3 deposition on bacteria mirrored killing. Recruitment of the AP by mAb 2C7, as measured by factor B binding, occurred in a properdin-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed using isogenic mutant strains that differed in their ability to bind to C4BP. Immune human serum that contained bactericidal Abs directed against the 2C7 lipooligosaccharide epitope as well as murine antigonococcal antiserum required functional properdin to kill C4BP-binding strains, but not C4BP-nonbinding strains. Collectively, these data point to an important role for properdin in facilitating immune Ab-mediated complement-dependent killing of gonococcal strains that inhibit the classical pathway by recruiting C4BP.
AUX/IAA Proteins Are Active Repressors, and Their Stability and Activity Are Modulated by Auxin

Aux/IAA genes are early auxin response genes that encode short-lived nuclear proteins with four conserved domains, referred to as I, II, III, and IV. Arabidopsis Aux/IAA proteins repressed transcription on auxin-responsive reporter genes in protoplast transfection assays. Mutations in domain II resulted in increased repression, whereas mutations in domains I and III partially relieved repression. Aux/IAA proteins fused to a heterologous DNA binding domain were targeted to promoters of constitutively expressed reporter genes and actively repressed transcription in an auxin-responsive and dose-dependent manner. In comparison with an unfused luciferase protein, luciferase fused to Aux/IAA proteins displayed less luciferase activity, which further decreased in the presence of auxin in transfected protoplasts. Domain II mutations increased and domain I mutations decreased luciferase activity with the fusion proteins. These results suggested that Aux/IAA proteins function as active repressors by dimerizing with auxin response factors bound to auxin response elements and that early auxin response genes are regulated by auxin-modulated stabilities of Aux/IAA proteins.
Coordinated repressive chromatin-remodeling of Oct4 and Nanog genes in RA-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells involves RIP140

Maintaining pluripotency and indefinite self-renewal of embryonic stem cells requires a tight control of the expression of several key stemness factors, particularly Nanog and Oct4 transcription factors. The mammalian SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) complex contains Brg1 or Brm as its core subunit, along with Brg1-associated factors. Our previous studies have addressed chromatin-remodeling of the Oct4 gene locus in retinoic acid (RA)-treated embryonal carcinoma cell line P19, which involves receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) for heterochromatinization on the proximal promoter region of this gene locus. However, the mechanism of RIP140 action in RA-triggered repressive chromatin-remodeling is unclear. The current study examines RA repression of the Nanog gene and compares the results with RA repression of the Oct4 gene on the chromatin level. The results show a loose nucleosome array on the Nanog gene promoter in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. On RA treatment, the Nanog gene locus remodels specifically in the CR1 region of its proximal promoter, with the insertion of a nucleosome and compaction of this region. Further, RA induces coordinated chromatin-remodeling of both Nanog and Oct4 gene loci, which requires RA receptor-α, RIP140 and Brm. Finally, in these RA-triggered repressive chromatin-remodeling processes, lysine acetylation of RIP140 is critical for its recruiting Brm.
Protease Catalyzed In Situ C-Terminal Modification of Oligoglutamate

One-pot biotransformations gave oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu) decorated with selected amine-functio- nalized end-groups at C-termini. Motivations for this work were to (i) control the end group structure of peptidessynthesizedbyprotease-catalyzed peptidesynthesisand(ii)incorporate end-groupsthatcanbeused directly or after further modification as polymerizable entities. Papain, bromelain, R-chymotrypsin, Multi- fect P-3000, and Purafect prime 4000 L were used as catalysts for oligomerization of γ-L-(Et)2-Glu in the presence of monofunctional amines. The series of amine nucleophiles (NH2-R, acyl acceptors) studied mimic phenylalanine in that they possess aromatic rings linked to amine groups by one or more methylenes. Generally,additionofincreasedquantitiesofNH2-Rfrom0to30,50,and70mol%withrespectto γ-L-(Et)2- Glu results in decreased % yield, but increased mol % of NH2-R end-capped oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu)-NH-R (determinedbyNMR).Irrespectiveoftheproteaseused,2-thiophenemethylamine(TPMA)gavethehighest fraction of oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu)-NH-R chains. For example, using Multifect P-3000 and a feed ratio of TPMA- to γ-L-(Et)2-Glu of 7:3, >90 mol % of oligopeptides formed had TPMA C-terminal groups. With all five proteases studied herein, L-phenylalanine and L-histidine did not produce end-capped oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu). In contrast, L-phenylalanine analogs benzylamine (BzA) and L-phenylalaninol (F-OH), both of which lack the R-carboxyl group, gave substantial quantities of oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu)-F-OH or -BzA chains. Hence, the results of this study prove that the promiscuity of proteases used herein can be exploited to create a diverse family of desired end-functionalized oligopeptides. MALDI-TOF spectra recorded of oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu) with amine nucleophiles showed molecular ions that affirmed the formation of corresponding NH2-R functionalized oligo(γ-L-Et-Glu).