cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management and Mitigation of Insider Threats

The problems that insiders can pose to an organization are causes of great concern especially when one considers the high costs of sabotage damage to information systems, lost competitive advantage due to fraud or theft of intellectual property, and in the case of the federal government, damage to national security interests due to sabotage or espionage. The topic of insider threat is a vast area for consideration as there are so many different ways in which people working for organizations might lose, steal, or somehow cause damage to organizations’ information, information systems, personnel, and other valuable resources. Thus, it is important to begin by defining the scope of this chapter and definitions of insider threat. From there, a delineation of the personal and situational factors associated with insider threats will commence. Then, there is a discussion of a variety of promising research methodologies that will move the science forward. Finally, the chapter closes with a look at prevention, management, and mitigation strategies.
On the predictive validity of behavioral momentum theory for mitigating resurgence of problem behavior

We summarize the results of four recent translational studies from our lab that used the predictions of behavioral momentum theory to inform the development of more durable treatments for destructive behavior. Treatments informed by behavioral momentum theory generally showed better suppression of target responding during an extinction challenge than did a comparison treatment. We reanalyze data from each of the four studies to show that this general finding is apparent both at the aggregate (i.e., proportion of baseline response rates averaged across participants) and within participant (i.e., percentage reduction in proportion of baseline response rates, difference in raw response rates during the extinction challenge). Interestingly, participants who experienced multiple cycles of the extinction challenge generally showed less differentiation in target responding between the treatment informed by behavioral momentum theory and the comparison treatment. Overall results suggest that applications of behavioral momentum theory can substantially improve the durability of common treatments for destructive behavior.
Eliminating False Chlorine Tests

In the determination of residual chlorine by the standard orthotolidine (O. T.) procedure the presence of manganese and nitrites maycause large errors or even render it impossible to decide whether anyresidual is actually present. In recent years much attention has been given to the subject and several methods have been offered for eliminating the interference. Forsberg (1) concluded that with some waters filtration through paper was sufficient to remove the interfering manganese. Scott (2) experimented with a filter containing manganese zeolites. While manganic manganese could thus be removed, the preparation of the filter was difficult and the procedure was somewhat unsuitable for routine use.
Particle Beam Fusion Concepts

In nuclear fusion energetic atomic nuclei of the light elements overcome the nuclear Coulomb barrier and merge to form heavier nuclei. In the process, one or more atomic particles are usually emitted; however, the mass of the resulting nuclei and the atomic particles is somewhat less than the mass of the original colliding nuclei, corresponding to a net energy release. Achieving a large number of fusion reactions to liberate substantial amounts of energy requires three conditions: (1) very high temperatures (~108 °C) in order to create high ion thermal velocities, (2) a high density (n i ) of energetic ions to increase the collision probability, and (3) sufficiently long confinement times (τ c ) of the densely packed high-temperature nuclei to enable the fusion reaction to occur and sustain itself [n i (No./cm3) × τ c (sec)≳1014 sec/cm3]. While such conditions exist in the stars owing to the tremendous gravitational forces and huge amounts of hydrogen, after three decades of effort earthbound fusion ignition has only been achieved in the hydrogen bomb by using an atomic bomb trigger.
A Hebbian algorithm that balances information rate and neural resource consumption

Hebb’s seminal concept that synaptic strength varies as a function of correlated preand post-synaptic activity1 has impacted pharmacologic, physiologic, and computational models of the nervous system. Specifically, he proposed that correlated pre- and post- synaptic activity leads to an increase in synaptic strength. When computational models incorporate Hebbian synapses, some limit must be placed on synaptic growth if well-defined solutions are to be produced, and it may be necessary to incorporate some means by which synaptic strength can also decrease. Strategies to limit synaptic growth have included some type of limit on individual or total synaptic size.2 Another approach incorporates a physiologically and computationally motivated “sliding threshold” for synaptic modification where the sliding threshold is stimulus dependant.3 We previously demonstrated how a sliding threshold for synaptic modification naturally emerges out of the process of adjusting synaptic size so that the resulting flow of information justifies the neural resources consumed in its generation.4 A Hebbian algorithm implementing this principle is now introduced and applied to the formation of the spatial receptive fields (RFs) of early vision and their functional organization. The properties of this solution are comparable to results previously obtained by direct numerical solution of the equations which govern the optimal solution to this problem.5,6
Effects of pesticides on nontarget organisms

Pesticide effects on nontarget organisms have been a source of worldwide contention and concern for more than a decade and are the basis for most legislation aimed at controlling or prohibiting the use of specific pesticides. For example, the present list of pesticides to undergo Rebuttal Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) numbers 45. All of these are being reviewed because of their effects on nontarget organisms, most with reference to man. Only 13 were triggered by criteria relating to reduction in nontargets and endangered species (birds and feral mammals) while the rest hinged on laboratory animal effects listed as oncogenicity, fetotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and reproductive effects. Thus, most pesticides undergoing RPAR have untoward effects on laboratory animals that are translated as potential effects on man, the ultimate nontarget.
Soil pollution and soil limit values

One of the tools for preventing soil pollution and thus protection of public health is the application of appropriate limit values. Policies on soil protection in relation to soil pollution include two basic strategies: a preventive approach and a remediation or cleanup approach. Preventive, multifunctional limit values are independent from present or future land use. Remediation limit values are connected with land use - these are functional limit values. Both types of limit values are applied in Hungary. Determination of soil limit values demands long-term field investigations, but to estimate allowable concentration for a given site reverse risk assessment methods are well applicable. A comparison and evaluation of the calculated data and the measurement results obtained at the use of the area is indispensable. Further investigations are needed for establishment of combined limit values when more polluting components are present simultaneously in the soil.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the risk of health-related quality of life and metabolic events in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with everolimus.

e22219Background: Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was shown to involve in breast cancer (BC) progression. Everolimus (E) is an oral mTOR inhibitor and has employed in patients with BC...
Migraine Treatment in Pregnant Women Presenting to Acute Care: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective To assess the acute treatment of pregnant women presenting to a hospital with migraine. Background Migraine is a common problem in pregnancy; however, migraine treatment is challenging in pregnant women for fears of medication teratogenicity and lack of data in this population. To date, no study has directly explored physician practices for treatment of acute migraine in pregnant women. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of medication administration for pregnant women who presented to an acute care setting with a migraine attack and received neurology consultation between 2009 and 2014. Results We identified 72 pregnant women with migraine who were treated with pain medications. Fifty-one percent (37/72) were in the third trimester of pregnancy, 39% (28/72) in the second trimester, and 10% (7/72) in the first trimester. Thirty-two percent (23/72) had not tried any acute medications at home before coming to the hospital, and 47% (34/72) presented in status migrainosus. Patients received treatment in the hospital for a median of 23 hours (interquartile range = 5-45 hours). The most common medications prescribed were metoclopramide in 74% (53/72) of patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 62-82%) and acetaminophen in 69% (50/72) of patients (95% CI 58-79%). Metoclopramide was administered along with diphenhydramine in 81% (44/53) of patients (95% CI 71-91%). Acetaminophen was the most frequent medicine administered first (53%, 38/72). Patients were often treated with butalbital (35%, 25/72) or opioids (30%, 22/72), which were used as second- or third-line treatments in 29% of patients (20/72). Thirty-eight percent (27/72) received an intravenous (IV) fluid bolus, 24% received IV magnesium (17/72), and 6% (4/72) had peripheral nerve blocks performed. Conclusions While the majority of pregnant women with acute migraine received medications considered relatively safe in pregnancy, there was variation in treatment choice and sequence. Some acute medications considered potentially hazardous for fetal health and less effective for migraine (opioids and butalbital) were used frequently, whereas other treatments that may have low teratogenic risk (nerve blocks, IV fluid boluses, and triptans) were used less or not at all. These results indicate a need for developing guidelines and protocols to standardize acute treatment of migraine in pregnancy.
Quality Improvement: Improving Primary Care Follow-Up for Stroke/TIA Patients (P5.245)

Objective: Our goal was to increase compliance of post stroke/TIA patients to have a 50% show rate to PCP clinic within a 5-week period. Background: Primary care physician (PCP) visits are essential for monitoring stroke risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension. These risk factors are shown to be poorly controlled in patients who miss clinic visits, which results in worse outcomes. A patient’s poor understanding of outpatient scheduling following inpatient discharge is a factor which hinders compliance with follow up visits. Earlier outpatient follow-up and improved education has been shown to prevent readmissions among patients with stroke. Design/Methods: Inclusion criteria were patients with diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) with a PCP within the Henry Ford Health System. Patients were discharged from the stroke unit to their home or inpatient rehab. In a pre-intervention group, we assessed compliance of patients following up with their PCP within 5 weeks following discharge. Our hypothesis suggests that arranging for follow up appointments with the patient’s PCP/Neurologist prior discharge will improve follow up within 5 weeks of discharge. The importance of close follow up after Stroke or TIA was also discussed with patients prior to discharge. Results: During one month of pre-intervention data collection, 49 patient charts were reviewed. Only 13 (26.53%) of those patients were noted to have followed up with their PCP within 5 weeks. Following our intervention, patients’ follow up with their PCP increased to an average of 51% compliance. Data was tracked over an 11 month period. Conclusions: Pre-arranging follow up for stroke patients with their PCPs is an effective intervention to improve compliance in stroke patients. A subset of patients with logistical difficulty in keeping appointments was identified: Patients undergoing sub-acute rehab were less likely to follow up. Further research should focus on addressing factors impeding outpatient follow up. Disclosure: Dr. Salim Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Osman has nothing to disclose. Dr Mahajan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alshammaa has nothing to disclose. Dr Kananeh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Butt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walbert has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with AbbVie, Tocagen.
Reliability and Validity of Proposed Risk Stratification Methods for Laboratory Developed Tests.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether different laboratory developed test (LDT) risk stratification proposals would assign differing levels of risk to selected LDTs as a measure of the validity of those proposals, and whether there would be differing interrater agreement rates as a measure of the reliability of those proposals. METHODS A total of 4 reviewers applied 6 proposals for risk stratification of 4 LDTs. Interrater agreement was calculated as a measure of the reliability of the proposals. Also, a consensus risk categorization and concordance rate for each LDT was developed as a measure of the validity of the proposals. RESULTS Interrater agreement rates (reliability) ranged from 38% to 100%, and concordance rates (validity) ranged from 20% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS A spectrum of reliability and validity was observed depending on the policy used and the LDT categorized. Before implementation or legislation of risk-stratification methods, large evaluations of reliability and validity should be conducted on any proposed method.
Safety of high dose rate prostate brachytherapy in patients with high baseline international prostate symptom scores.

25Background: Though a high baseline international prostate symptom score (IPSS) is considered a relative contraindication for low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, use of high dose rate (HDR) techniq...
NP8 The HEROs Study Year 4: Intervention Design to Promote Healthy Eating and Activity Behaviors in Early Childhood

Objective The objective of the HEROs Study (HEalthy EnviROnments Study) is to develop a technology-based, interactive family intervention to promote healthy lifestyles and weight outcomes for young children in the family setting. Description The project aims to improve family routines and parent-child eating and physical activity (PA) interactions. Research activities will be conducted through four key objectives: Formative Research; Intervention Design; Intervention Testing; and Education. Evaluation Year 4 focused on intervention development. Focus groups were conducted with parents (n = 3) and Head Start/preschool teachers and staff (n = 3) to assist in strategy refinement. Core content was developed for parent workshops, child lessons, and web content using Social Cognitive Theory constructs. Prototypes of nutrition and physical activity mobile applications continued to be developed and tested. Creative concepts were developed and pretested with children, parents, and teachers/staff. Testing will occur to determine outcomes for intervention components, including the core set of parent workshops (behavioral mediators), mobile apps (parent child interaction), self-care module (parent behaviors), and home food environment assessment tool (availability and quality). Conclusion and Implications The HEROs intervention will be studied to understand which of the key intervention components resonates with and drives participants towards behavior change. It is anticipated that this intervention will lead to improved parent-child interactions specific to engaging children to try new foods and enhancing fundamental movement skills, foundational behaviors to developing a quality diet and positive physical activity behaviors in early childhood. Funding 2015-68001-23240.
Planning Coordinated Event Observation for Structured Narratives

This paper addresses the problem of using autonomous robots to record events that obey narrative structure. The work is motivated by a vision of robot teams that can, for example, produce individualized highlight videos for each runner in a large-scale road race such as a marathon. We introduce a method for specifying the desired structure as a function that describes how well the captured events can be used to produce an output that meets the specification. This function is specified in a compact, legible form similar to a weighted finite automaton. Then we describe a planner that uses simple predictions of future events to coordinate the robots’ efforts to capture the most important events, as determined by the specification. We describe an implementation of this approach, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a simulated race scenario both in simulation and in a hardware testbed.
Acid-Base Disorders in Pregnancy

During pregnancy, several anatomic and physiologic changes occur in pulmonary system. Pertinent lung volume changes in pregnancy are summarized in Table 19.1.
Warfarin Accelerates Medial Arterial Calcification in Humans

Objective: Warfarin is associated with medial arterial calcification in humans, but the magnitude and specificity of this effect and the role of other risk factors are unknown. Using serial mammogr...
Estimation of yield gains at rotation-age from genetic tree improvement in coast Douglas-fir

Abstract Application of progeny test breeding values to forecast yield gains at rotation-age in genetically improved stands remains a very challenging yet crucial task for breeders of Douglas-fir and other long-rotation timber species such as western hemlock, white spruce, Norway spruce, and Scots pine. Evaluation of the economic returns on genetic improvement requires reliable estimates of yield gains at rotation age. Large-plot realized gain trials should provide more accurate estimates of yield gain than inferences from progeny tests, but are most dependable when they reach rotation age or at least approach rotation age. A set of coastal Douglas-fir realized genetic gain trials in western Oregon, based on a first-generation breeding program, was measured most recently at plantation ages ranging between 17 and 21 years. The trial was established on five sites at a spacing wide enough (3.6 × 3.6 m) to assume that the trees could be grown to rotation age with no further silvicultural intervention. A growth model, CIPSANON v. 4.0, projected the current tree lists from these trials to plantation age 60 years to facilitate estimation of yield gains at various rotation ages up to 60 years. The following two simulation approaches were explored: (1) apply genetic-gain multipliers developed from a previous study for diameter and height growth, and (2) assume that genetic gain differences were fully represented by plot-level site index expressed at the most recent measurement. The two approaches resulted in similar estimates of realized yield gain at plantation ages up to 60 years. Relative gain decreased over time, but absolute gain (in cubic meters or board feet) increased over time. Relative stand volume gain simulated to the average current rotation age of 50 years was about 30% of the relative realized gain measured at plantation age 10/12 years (birth age 13/15 years) and about 38% of the relative realized gain measured at plantation age 17–21 years (birth age 20–24 years). Several validation needs were identified including magnitude of genetic-gain multipliers, duration of annual multiplier application over the duration of a simulation, adjustment of multipliers as the stand ages, and most appropriate multiplier resolution (tree versus stand). A potentially critical knowledge gap remains about any genetic improvement effects on yield gains associated specifically with increased carrying capacity that would be consistent with the crop ideotype concept.
Feasibility and Patient Perceptions of Tele-Videoconferencing Visits for LVAD Patients (TeleLVAD Study)

Purpose The number of advanced heart failure patients supported by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is increasing, but patient access to LVAD providers is limited by distance and distribution of specialists. This prospective study was designed to determine whether tele-videoconferencing visits could be used as an alternative to in-person office visits for LVAD patients. Methods Patients supported by a continuous-flow LVAD participated in one tele-videoconferencing visit at a remote site and one standard in-person office visit at a tertiary medical center. Outcome measures included technical feasibility and ability to complete a comprehensive clinical examination, adverse events within two weeks of the visit, and patient perceptions evaluated by the validated Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). Results Participants in the study (mean age 58 years, 91% male, 36% destination therapy) were supported by a LVAD for a mean of 21 months (range 3-61 months). Eleven patients participated in the study and completed tele-videoconferencing visits at two different remote sites located 40 and 90 miles from the tertiary medical center. Clinicians were able to complete all components of a VAD clinical exam during the tele-videoconferencing visits and made medication and LVAD speed changes remotely at a similar rate to the in-person office visits (Table). There were no rehospitalizations within two weeks of the tele-videoconferencing visits. Patients had a 99% positive response to questions in the TUQ and saved an average 59 minutes of travel time during tele-videoconferencing visits. Conclusion Tele-videoconferencing visits can be used to complete a comprehensive clinical examination in LVAD patients with high patient satisfaction. This management approach may be used to reduce healthcare utilization in LVAD recipients.
Private Participation in China’s Infrastructure: Experience and Prospects

Rapid growth in post-reform China has resulted in a high demand for infrastructure and the need for sustained mechanisms of financing. As public finances are already overstretched at the local level, seeking long-term investment financing seems imperative. One path in this direction is through private participation, and increasingly this is seen as the key to shortfalls in infrastructure financing. What are the patterns of private participation over time across four different infrastructure sectors in China (energy, telecommunications, transport, water and sewerage)? How do infrastructure projects with private participation fare in returns? Based on a publicly accessible online database maintained by the World Bank and Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, the chapter presents an analysis of private participation in China, in comparison with other emerging economies. Drawing on this analysis and in-depth interviews with domestic and global investors, this chapter also explores the prospects for private participation across different infrastructure sectors.
Structural and hemodynamic properties of murine pulmonary arterial networks under hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Detection and monitoring of patients with pulmonary hypertension, defined as a mean blood pressure in the main pulmonary artery above 25 mmHg, requires a combination of imaging and hemodynamic meas...
Abstract P132: A Kidney-Targeted Nanoparticle To Augment Renal Lymphatic Density Decreases Blood Pressure In Mice With L-NAME- And Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension

Chronic interstitial inflammation and renal infiltration of activated immune cells play an integral role in hypertension. Lymphatic vessels attenuate inflammation by trafficking activated immune ce...
Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Therapeutics

Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (W-TENGs) have triggered considerable attention in light of their broad and diverse biomedical applications, from biomonitoring to therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the use of W-TENGs for self-powered/self-administered therapeutic interventions, classifying them on the basis of materials chemistry, working mechanism, and advanced device design. Specifically, we discuss the use of various W-TENG-based devices in drug delivery, muscle stimulation, tissue regeneration, and assistive therapy. We end the review by discussing academic and industrial trends for W-TENGs in the future of therapeutic devices. This review showcases the significant potential of W-TENGs as an emerging technological platform that will permeate many medical fields.
Energy and Eco-Impact Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection Molding of Polylactic Acid

There is limited knowledge about energy and carbon emission performance comparison between additive fused deposition modeling (FDM) and consolidation plastic injection molding (PIM) forming techniques, despite their recent high industrial applications such as tools and fixtures. In this study, developed empirical models focus on the production phase of the polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic polyester life cycle while using FDM and PIM processes to produce American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 Type IV dog bone samples to compare their energy consumption and eco-impact. It was established that energy consumption by the FDM layer creation phase dominated the filament extrusion and PLA pellet production phases, with, overwhelmingly, 99% of the total energy consumption in the three production phases combined. During FDM PLA production, about 95.5% of energy consumption was seen during actual FDM part building. This means that the FDM process parameters such as infill percentage, layer thickness, and printing speed can be optimized to significantly improve the energy consumption of the FDM process. Furthermore, plastic injection molding consumed about 38.2% less energy and produced less carbon emissions per one kilogram of PLA formed parts compared to the FDM process. The developed functional unit measurement models can be employed in setting sustainable manufacturing goals for PLA production.
Reducing Saturated Fat Intake to Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Reducing saturated fat in the diet for at least two years decreases the risk of combined cardiovascular events. However, there is little to no effect on cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, or individual cardiovascular events.
Brnovich v. DNC: Election Litigation Migrates from Federal Courts to the Political Process

We are in a time of public skepticism over elections. The losing side doubts the fairness of the outcome, attributing the loss to suppression, fraud, foreign influence, or late-breaking changes to laws— some “true reason” outside the legitimate political process why a preferred candidate failed. The winning side is a sour contest or a sore loser away from doubting the legitimacy of the election. It’s hard to tell whether the sharp rise in litigation over elections is the cause or the effect. Major political parties are spending more money than ever on lawyers and litigation in federal elections, from $7.5 million in 2012 to more than $66 million in 2020. Seemingly minor changes to schedules, deadlines, or how forms are mailed immediately prompts the filing of a legal complaint. Every corner of election administration is up for a lawsuit as major political parties vie for the smallest competitive advantage—actual or perceived. While Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee was a case about the Voting Rights Act, the hallmark voting legislation of the civil-rights era, it began as one of these efforts by a political party to litigate relatively minor issues of state election administration. A district court rejected the lawsuit. But on appeal, the case took on outsized importance as an appellate court found that Arizona enacted a statute with racially discriminatory intent, opening the door to judicial oversight of newly enacted election rules. That caught the attention of the Supreme Court, which in turn weighed in for the first time on an entire class of claims under the Voting Rights Act. The decision in Brnovich likely limits opportunities for plaintiffs litigating certain classes of election-law cases, at least compared to the baseline of what some federal courts had permitted in the last few years. But it’s also the latest in a 20-year string of Supreme Court cases emphasizing that the political process, not the federal courts, remains the principal place to address most election-law issues. Litigation continues to rise even as plaintiffs are increasingly likely to find themselves on the losing side of the case. And it remains unclear whether public confidence, through litigation or otherwise, will rise anytime soon.
Qualitative Research Methods

The use of qualitative methods in public health inquiry can be traced to some of the earliest civilizations, and has continued through the centuries. And although qualitative methods have not historically comprised the vanguard of public health research, they have gained increasing acceptance, particularly over the past four decades. Qualitative research is now commonly used and accepted within most fields of public health. In this entry we describe some of the common features of qualitative research, including a range of data collection techniques and approaches to data analysis. We then briefly discuss criteria for assessing the quality of qualitative research studies and their findings. Finally, we provide several examples of studies that employed qualitative methods in order to highlight their potential use in formative or evaluation research, or in primary or secondary data analysis. Keywords: Keywords: public health; qualitative methods; research methods
Reliable uncoded communication in the quantized SIMO MAC

A single-input multiple-output (SIMO) multiple access channel with a large number of uncoded non-cooperating single antenna transmitters and joint processing at a finite precision multi-antenna receiver is considered. We fix the number of receiver antennas per transmitter and investigate the effects of receiver quantization on the recovery of the transmitted signals in the asymptotic limit of a large number of transmitters. Our results suggest that a very fine quantization resolution at the receiver antennas is not necessary; even a modest increase in the number of bits of quantization (with the number of transmitting users) is sufficient to guarantee asymptotic reliability.
Asymptotic existence results for primitive completely normal elements in extensions of Galois fields

A primitive completely normal element for the extension E / F of Galois fields is a generator of the multiplicative group of E, which simultaneously is normal in E / K for every intermediate field K of E / F. Letting $$F=\mathbb {F}_q$$F=Fq und $$E=\mathbb {F}_{q^n}$$E=Fqn, we denote by $$P_n(q)$$Pn(q) the number of primitive elements of E, and by $$PCN_n(q)$$PCNn(q) the number of primitive completely normal elements for E / F. We prove that $$PCN_n(q) >0$$PCNn(q)>0 provided that $$\ln (2) q \ge (t(n)-1)\cdot (\ln (2)+n\ln (q))$$ln(2)q?(t(n)-1)·(ln(2)+nln(q)), where $$t(n):=\sum _{d|n}d$$t(n):=?d|nd denotes the sum of all positive divisors of n and $$\ln $$ln is the natural logarithm. Based on this estimate, we are able to prove that, for every fixed n, the quotient $$PCN_n(q)/P_n(q)$$PCNn(q)/Pn(q) converges to 1 as q goes to infinity. We also achieve effective versions of the first result: $$PCN_n(q)>0$$PCNn(q)>0 whenever $$q\ge n^{7/2}$$q?n7/2 and $$n\ge 7$$n?7, or when $$q\ge n^3$$q?n3 and $$n\ge 37$$n?37. The paper is self-contained and the proofs rely only on elementary combinatorics and number theory, as well as some basic calculus.
On-line Computation of Cardiac Output from Dye Dilution Curves

An analog computer circuit for calculating cardiac output and mean transit time has been described which receives as its input the output of a cuvette densitometer. The results obtained with the computer have been compared with those obtained by the usual method.
Some effects of diets rich in the glycerides of saturated fatty acids on intestinal elimination

1. Measured amounts of pure triglycerides mixed with a standard dog food (Pard) were fed to dogs to see whether intestinal elimination would be affected by the added fat. 2. Simple triglycerides of the even numbered fatty acids containing from four to eighteen carbon atoms were the fats mixed with the standard dog food. 3. Feedings were continued for three days unless the dogs objected to the food. The second day’s ration was always mixed with a marker. 4. Information concerning the intestinal behavior of the animals was obtained in two ways: (1) direct. observation of the animal, and (2) chemical examination of the feces. 5. Diarrhea was characterized by the frequent passage of loose, watery stools while constipation was made evident by the difficult evacuation of dry, hard feces. 6. Chemical components of the feces for which analyses were made included moisture, total fat, soap fat and neutral fat. In some cases, iodine numbers were determined for the fat fractions. 7. Constipation was produced in dogs by the feeding of diets containing twenty percent additions of the triglycerides which melted above 50° C. (tristearin and tripalmitin). 8. The lipid content of the feces was greatly increased when either twenty percent tristearin or twenty percent tripalmitin was added to the diet, the increase in neutral fat being much greater than the increase in soap fat. 9. The addition of twenty percent trimyristin (M P. 48-50° C. uncorrected) to the standard diet did not affect the normal rate of intestinal elimination of the dogs. Consistency and moisture content of the feces were normal, although the neutral fat fraction was still greatly elevated. 10. The feeding of simple triglycerides of some of the saturated acids containing twelve or less carbon atoms (lauric, capric, capryllic, caproic and butyric acids) produced laxative effects in all cases. The intensity of the action varied inversely with the number of carbon atoms and the melting point of the acid. 11. As the cathartic action of the triglycerides increased, the percentage of added fat that the dogs would eat diminished. All of the dogs ate the meals of Pard with twenty percent addition of trilaurin but the concentration of added fat had to be cut in the remainder of the cases. 12. Tributyrin. having the most violent action of any of the fats fed. caused diarrhea in Dog C when as little as two tenths of one percent was added to the standard food. Furthermore, Dog C would not eat all of the usual daily ration of a pound of Parol after the addition of two-tenths of one percent tributyrin.
Estrogens Induced Male Production at a Female-Producing Temperature in a Reptile (Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis macularius) with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination

Estrogens and estrogen mimics can affect offspring sex ratios in a wide variety of animal species including Leopard Geckos, Eublepharis macularius, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Estrogens can disrupt effects of temperature on sex determination by feminizing or sex-reversing embryos incubated at male-producing temperatures. Estrogens may have paradoxical effects at different incubation temperatures and in different concentrations. In this study, E. macularius eggs were exposed to ethanol, estradiol benzoate, or estradiol 17b at the beginning of the thermosensitive period when sex determination occurs. Eggs were treated and incubated at each of three incubation temperatures known to produce varying primary sex ratios. At a male-producing incubation temperature, estrogen-treated groups produced more females than negative control groups. This result has been reported in other TSD reptiles. In our study, we showed that at a female-producing incubation temperature, estrogen-treated groups produced significantly more males than negative control groups. This is the first report of its kind in which a TSD reptile was shown to produce significantly more males at a female-producing temperature. Our results suggest a complex feedback relationship between aromatase and cofactors during the thermosensitive period of egg incubation in E. macularius. Expected effects of exogenous estrogens on contaminant-exposed wildlife populations may differ depending on nest-site temperatures. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), sex is determined by the temperature to which an embryo is exposed during a thermally sensitive period of incuba- tion. The influence of exogenous estrogens on
THE CARCINOGENICITY OF NONSAPONIFIABLE EXTRACTS FROM LIVERS OF SOUTH AFRICAN BANTU AND WHITE SUBJECTS.

Abstract An attempt has been made to reproduce previous experiments which indicate that the nonsaponifiable fractions obtained from livers of Bantu subjects with and without primary carcinoma were more carcinogenic than similar extracts from livers of white subjects. The present experiments, while confirming the existence of low grade carcinogens in nonsaponifiable extracts from liver tissue, have not demonstrated a higher frequency of tumors in mice injected or painted with extracts from livers with primary carcinoma.
Neuroanatomical substrates for paroxysmal dyskinesia in lethargic mice

The paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of neurological disorders described by intermittent attacks of involuntary abnormal movements superimposed on a relatively normal baseline. The neuroanatomical substrates for these attacks are not fully understood, though available evidence from studies of affected people and animal models points to dysfunction in the basal ganglia or cerebellum. In the current studies, the anatomical basis for paroxysmal dyskinesias in lethargic mice was determined via histochemical methods sensitive to changes in regional brain activity followed by surgical elimination of the suspected source. Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry revealed increased activity in the red nucleus. Surgical removal of the cerebellum worsened ataxia but eliminated paroxysmal dyskinesias. These studies support the hypothesis that abnormal cerebellar output contributes to paroxysmal dyskinesias.
Solvent Modification in Ion-Pair Extraction: Effect on Sodium Nitrate Transport in Nitrobenzene Using a Crown Ether

A comparative quantitative analysis of the effect of solventmodifiers on the ion-pair extraction of an inorganic salt by a crown ether was conducted with the aim of advancing the understanding of transport of highly hydrophilic metal ions from aqueous salt solutions. Two classes of solvent modifiers that possess electron-pair donor (EPD) or hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) groups were investigated. The equilibrium constants corresponding to the extraction of sodium nitrate into nitrobenzene (NB) employing model neutral host cis-syn-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (compound 1) with and without solvent modifier were determined using the SXLSQI computer model. For a series of EPD modifiers—including tri-n-butyl- and tri-phenylphosphate, tri-n-butyl- and tri-phenylphosphine oxide, N,N-di-n-butyl- and N,N-di-phenylacetamide—the enhancement of the NaNO3 extraction by compound 1 was found to be dependent on the hydrogen-bond acceptance ability of the modifier as quantified by the β solvatochromic parameter. A HBD modifier 3,5-di-t-butylphenol (compound 8), which forms strong hydrogen bonds with nitrate anion in NB, exhibited even greater enhancement of the NaNO3 extraction by compound 1. The determined extraction constants were correlated with the β- or α-solvatochromic parameters of the solvent modifiers and linear trends were observed. Hydrogen bond interaction between compound 8 and nitrate anion in the presence of the sodium-loaded crown ether in the extraction phaseswas studied by vibrational spectroscopy.
Viscous Flow Analysis Using a Parallel Unstructured Multigrid Solver

A directional implicit unstructured agglomeration multigrid solver is ported to shared and distributed memory massively parallel machines using the explicit domain-decomposition and message-passing approach. Because the algorithm operates on local implicit lines in the unstructured mesh, special care is required in partitioning the problem for parallel computing. A weighted partitioning strategy is described that avoids breaking the implicit lines across processor boundaries, while incurring minimal additional communication overhead. Good scalability is demonstrated on a 128 processor SGI Origin 2000 machine and on a 512 processor Cray T3E machine for reasonably fine grids. The feasibility of performing large-scale unstructured grid calculations with the parallel multigrid algorithm is demonstrated by computing the flow over a partial-span flap wing high-lift geometry on a highly resolved grid of 13.5 x 10 6 points in approximately 4 h of wall clock time on the Cray T3E
Real-time functional MRI feedback attenuates cue-induced craving in non-treatment-seeking nicotine-dependent smokers

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e229 Methods: Heroin addicts attending the syringe exchange of Malmo, Sweden, who are willing to participate, are referred to maintenance treatment and randomized to either a strength-based case management intervention in order to facilitate referral, or to referral-only. If eligible for treatment, patients are initiated on the maintenance treatment after 11 days. Study outcome is successful transfer from syringe exchange to treatment initiation. Results: After applying exclusion criteria, 79 heroin users at the syringe exchange programme were addressed and offered to participate in the study. 75 patients turned up for baseline interview and randomization and of those 74 that is 99% of included subjects showed up for medical assessment. Out of the total of 74 that showed up for medical assessment 71 (96%) successfully started treatment. After 6months 63patients remained in treatment (89%). Conclusions: Our data indicate that syringe exchange in a Swedish setting can be efficient for transferring heroin-dependent patients to evidence-based treatment. Strength-based case management intervention did not predict referral to treatment initiation. We also showed high retention rates at 6 months. Financial support: Skane region Swedish research council for health, working life and welfare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.089 Real-time functional MRI feedback attenuates cue-induced craving in non-treatment-seeking nicotine-dependent smokers Kathleen T. Brady1,2, Colleen A. Hanlon1, Karen Hartwell1,2, Jeffrey Borckardt1, James Prisciandaro1, Melanie Canterberry1, Xingbao Li1, Todd LeMatty1, Max Owens1, Michael E. Saladin1, Megan Moran-Santa Maria1, Mark George1,2 1 Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States 2 Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, United
Strong attenuation of Rayleigh waves in Tibet

THE Tibetan Plateau, which has an average elevation of 5.0 km over 7×105 km2, is the largest topographic mass above sea-level on the Earth. Because it is covered with Cretaceous limestones1 its uplift must be Tertiary, and is probably related to the Himalayan continental collision. There is considerable debate concerning its present structure and mode of formation. Various authors have theorised that Tibet was uplifted by underthrusting of a second crustal layer2–6; by horizontal compression and thickening7–9, or by low-density material in the mantle10. All that is known with certainty is that it is isostatically compensated11, and covered with widespread Neogene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks12. The study of Rayleigh wave attenuation reported here indicates that the lowermost part of the crust is partially molten, and that uplift has been due to horizontal compression.
Fluconazole:a valuable fungistatic

Abstract Fluconazole (Diflucan) is an important drug in obstetrics and gynecology in treating vaginal yeast infections. It is fungistatic and indicated for the treatment of oropharyngeal, esophageal, vaginal, and systemic candidiasis; urinary tract infections; peritonitis; cryptococcal meningitis; and as prophylaxis for bone marrow transplant recipients. It is preferred by many patients for treatment of vaginal candidiasis because it is easier to use than topical medications. It has proven to be as effective as the standard intravaginal creams, mainly because of its ability to penetrate well into body fluids and tissues. Fluconazole’s side effects are mild to moderate in nature. They include gastrointestinal disturbances and headaches. Fluconazole also may interact with many drugs. It is contraindicated in patients taking cisapride and terfenadine. It potentiates oral hypoglycemic agents and may cause patients to have symptomatic hypoglycemia. It also increases the prothrombin time in patients on oral anticoagulants. A single 150-mg dose costs approximately $12.00.
Transposition protein of Tn3: identification and characterisation of an essential represser-controlled gene product

Fusions that bring lac gene expression under the control of transcriptional and translational signals within the Tn3 element have been used to identify and characterise a Tn3-encoded ‘transposase’ (Tnp) peptide of MW 100,000 essential f or transposition. The gene specifying this product is regulated by the Tn3 repressor protein and is part of a bidirectional genetic unit that includes the repressor gene.
Mutational analysis of a sequence-specific ssDNA binding lupus autoantibody.

11F8 is a murine anti-ssDNA monoclonal autoantibody isolated from a lupus prone autoimmune mouse. This mAb binds sequence specifically, and prior studies have defined the thermodynamic and kinetic basis for sequence-specific recognition of ssDNA (Ackroyd, P. C., et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2911−2922; Beckingham, J. A. and Glick, G. D. (2001) Bioorg. Med. Chem. 9, 2243−2252). Here we present experiments designed to identify the residues on 11F8 that mediate sequence-specific, noncognate, and nonspecific recognition of ssDNA and their contribution to the overall binding thermodynamics. Site-directed mutagenesis of an 11F8 single-chain construct reveals that six residues within the complementarity determining regions of 11F8 account for ca. 80% of the binding free energy and that there is little cooperativity between these residues. Germline-encoded aromatic and hydrophobic side chains provides the basis for nonspecific recognition of single-stranded thymine nucleobases. Sequence-specific recognition is c...
A computational model of early visual cortex using konio-cellular pathway projections

We present a computational model of the visual cortex using anatomically realistic projections incorporating two color opponent channels and a luminance channel. We model the visual cortex area V1 with a red-green opponent channel projecting to a simulated layer 4c beta, and a luminance channel projecting to layer 4c alpha. Both these layers project to a cortical layer 2/3. We specifically model the konio-cellular pathway, providing direct blue-yellow chromatic input to layer 2/3 within targeted blob regions. We utilize a self-organizing map algorithm to learn synaptic weights while the system is driven by artificial inputs initially, and followed by natural image stimuli. The same algorithm is used for learning in all the hierarchically structured maps. We produce maps of orientation and color selectivity, and apply statistical measures to examine the variations in these maps between the blob and interblob regions. We show that an orientation map exists throughout layer 2/3, whereas a complete color hue map is produced in the blob regions. Both orientation and color selectivity are present throughout layer 2/3. The mean orientation selectivity is lower in the blob regions as compared to the interblob regions. However, there is greater color selectivity in the blob regions compared to the interblob regions. We make a testable prediction that a statistically significant difference in color selectivity in neuronal populations will be observed in the primate visual cortex between blob and interblob regions.