cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orius tristicolor (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) as a Predator of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Potatoes

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between Orius tristicolor (White) and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in potato fields. O. tristicolor provided with 1,5, and 10 aphids per day killed 11.4 ± 1.2, 37.2 ± 1.1, and 53.7 ± 1.2 aphids, respectively, during development. Adults killed an average of 0.9 ± 0.6, 1.9 ± 0.5, and 2.7 ± 0.6 aphids per day when supplied with 1,5, and 10 aphids per day, respectively. Development time was not affected by prey density; the mean time required for development (at 24.4°C)was 14.6 days. At low aphid densities, predation rates among nymphal instars were not significantly different. When O. tristicolor were supplied with 10 aphids per day, 3rd instars killed more aphids than either the 5th instars or adults. O. tristicolor populations did not appear to be a significant cause of decline of green peach aphid populations in potatoes. Where the thrips, Frankliniella tritici . occurred, its occurrence was strongly correlated with O. tristicolor .
Homochiral Ketals in Organic Synthesis. Enantioselective Synthesis of (4S, 5S)-4,5-Dihydroxycyclopent-2-En-1-One Isopropylidine Ketal

Abstract The title compound has been synthesized in 17% yield over six steps from 2-cyclopenten-1-one. The key step is catalytic osmylation of 4-bromo-2-cyclopenten-1-one 1,4-di-O-benzyl-D-threitol ketal to produce a chromatographically separable mixture of diastereomeric diols.
Residual Antigen Presentation after Influenza Virus Infection Affects CD8 T Cell Activation and Migration

Activated virus-specific CD8 T cells remain in the lung airways for several months after influenza virus infection. We show that maintenance of this cell population is dependent upon the route of infection and prolonged presentation of viral antigen in the draining lymph nodes (DLN) of the respiratory tract. The local effects on T cell migration have been examined. We show retention of virus-specific CD8 T cells in the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and continuing recruitment of blood-borne migrants into the lung airways during antigen presentation. These data show that antigen that is retained after pulmonary influenza virus infection controls the migratory pattern and activation state of virus-specific CD8 T cells near the site of virus amplification.
The Metabolic Investigation of Erectile Dysfunction: Cardiometabolic Risk Stratification

This chapter discusses the latest evidence for the metabolic investigation of erectile dysfunction as it relates to cardiometabolic risk and visceral adiposity, the key component of metabolic syndrome. The author illustrates this concept as it relates to the etiology of ED and cardiovascular risk stratification utilizing the latest guidelines of cardiovascular risk released this past year. The author concludes with the levels of evidence for the use of novel biomarkers in the evaluation of the patient with ED as applied to cardiometabolic risk.
Application of in-situ ion irradiation TEM and 4D tomography toadvanced scintillator materials

Scintillating nanomaterials are being investigated as replacements for fragile, difficult to synthesize single crystal radiation detectors, but greater insight into their structural stability when exposed to extreme environments is needed to determine long-term performance. An initial study using high-Z cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) nanorods and an in-situ ion irradiation transmission electron microscope (I3TEM) was performed to determine the feasibility of these extreme environment experiments. The I3TEM presents a unique capability that permits the real time characterization of nanostructures exposed to various types of ion irradiation. In this work, we investigated the structural evolution of CdWO4 nanorods exposed to 50 nA of 3 MeV copper (3+) ions. During the first several minutes of exposure, the nanorods underwent significant structural evolution. This appears to occur in two steps where the nanorods are first segmented into smaller sections followed by the sintering of adjacent particles into larger nanostructures. An additional study combined in-situ ion irradiation with electron tomography to record tilt series after each irradiation dose; which were then processed into 3D reconstructions to show radiation damage to the material over time. Analyses to understand the mechanisms and structure-property relationships involved are ongoing.
Tell it to Washington

t was a steamy Friday in August. Traffic was snarled. On the back of an aging '67 Ford, the sticker read, "I'm mad as hell, and I'm not going to take it anymore!" Mad, mad about what? Chances are it was over an action taken by the President or Congress, but we will never know, for the driver disappeared into the ribbon of traffic. We make political statements on bumpers, and complain to the neighbors across the fence, but most people do not realize that they can make their voices heard in Washington. Elected officials are sensitive to the views of their constituents-especially to those who are thoughtful and articulate. In short, it pays to be a loudmouth, albeit a polite one. That is what this article is about-effective communication-guiding students to use letter writing as a constructive means of sending a personal message to Washington. As House Majority Leader Jim Wright suggests, "If you are wondering whether or not it is really worthwhile to communicate your views to your own senator or rep-
Effects of raclopride in the core of the nucleus accumbens on ethanol seeking and consumption: the use of extinction trials to measure seeking.

: Background: A previous study using a sipper procedure of ethanol self-administration found that blockade of the D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in the nucleus accumbens resulted in a reduction in ethanol-seeking behavior with only slight effects on ethanol drinking. However, because of procedural matters in that study, it was unclear as to the extent of the reduction in seeking behavior that occurred. This study expanded that study to examine in more depth the role of DA transmission in the nucleus accumbens in ethanol-seeking and consummatory behaviors. Methods: Male Long-Evans rats were initiated to self-administer 10% ethanol with a sipper-tube procedure. Once initiated, in a once-a-day session, pressing a lever 30 times resulted in a sipper tube containing the ethanol solution being made available for 20 min. By using extinction trials in which no sipper was presented and responses were recorded for 20 min, a measure of ethanol seeking, with no effects of consumption, could be obtained. Bilateral microinjections of 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 μg of raclopride into the nucleus accumbens were tested on both consummatory and extinction trials. Results: There were significant decreases in ethanol-seeking responses at both the 3.0- and 10.0-μg doses of raclopride, whereas no effects of those doses on consumption were observed. The effects on extinction responding were the same for the first run of responses as for total responding, without effecting rates of responding. Conclusions: These findings replicate and expand the initial study with this model of ethanol self-administration and indicate that DA transmission at the D2 receptor in the nucleus accumbens is important for processing information related to stimulus control and goal-directed behavior. The results also suggest that DA has at most a minor role in controlling ethanol consumption once a drinking bout has begun.
What can we learn about cardioprotection from the cardiac mitochondrial proteome

This review will summarize proteomic methods that are useful in studying the role of mitochondria in cardioprotection. The strengths and weaknesses of some of the different approaches are discussed. We focus on the cardiac mitochondrial proteome with emphasis on changes associated with cell death and protection, and we summarize how proteomic data have contributed to addressing the role of mitochondria in cardioprotection.
An improved wide band ocean emissivity radiative transfer model

A new microwave radiative transfer ocean surface emissivity model for horizontal and vertical polarizations has been developed. Ocean radiative transfer models find many applications in the remote sensing, and as such, it is important that they can accurately predict brightness temperatures (Tb) over a wide range of electromagnetic wavelengths, incidence angles and environmental conditions. This model calculates the ocean emissivity over frequencies (1 – 90 GHz), incidence angles (nadir − 75°) and the full dynamic range of observed ocean sea surface temperatures and salinity, and wind vector (speed and direction). This paper focuses on the evaluation of this CFRSL model using satellite microwave ocean brightness temperatures measured by the WindSat radiometer on the Coriolis satellite. One year of WindSat data have been collocated with the NOAA Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) atmospheric profiles, which are used to translate the brightness temperature measurements at the top-of-the-atmosphere to the surface of the ocean. Comparisons between measured and modeled ocean surface brightness temperatures are presented over a range of sea surface temperatures and ocean wind speed for radiometer channels between 6 and 37 GHz.
Stress activation of IL-6 neurons in the hypothalamus

An emerging literature attests to the ability of psychological stress to alter the inflammatory cytokine environment of the body. While the ability of stress to cause cytokine release is well established, the neural pathways involved in this control have yet to be identified. This study tests the hypothesis that IL-6 neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS), a neural pathway proposed to secrete IL-6 into the circulation, are activated in response to psychological stress. Colocalization studies confirm robust expression of IL-6 in cell bodies and fibers of vasopressin (but not oxytocin) neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the rat hypothalamus. In response to restraint, there was a greater increase in c-Fos expression in SON IL-6-positive (IL-6+) neurons. In addition, both psychogenic (restraint) or systemic stress (hypoxia) lead to phosphorylated ERK induction only in IL-6+ magnocellular neurons, indicating selective activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the IL-6 subset of magnocellular neurons. Finally, restraint upregulated IL-6 mRNA expression in both the PVN and SON, which was accompanied by a four-fold increase in circulating IL-6. The data indicate that noninflammatory stressors selectively activate IL-6 magnocellular neurons, upregulate IL-6 gene expression in the PVN and SON, and increase plasma IL-6. In summary, results show that IL-6 neurons of the HNS are a recruited component of the response to psychological stress.
A Go Local Bibliography

This bibliography lists citations to all primary and secondary articles published about Go Local projects indexed in three library and information science databases (e.g., LISTA, LISA, and Library Literature); MEDLINE; CINAHL; and LexisNexis Academic news sources as of June 1, 2011. It is intended as an update and a complement to the detailed literature review published in 2009 by M.S. Wood in the Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, v. 13, no. 3, 2009.
The Length of Psychiatric Hospitalization

This paper examines some of the determinants of the length of psychiatric hospitalization, particularly the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the family's attitude toward the patient. The present study suggests that psychiatric symptoms are more important than family attitude. Other variables, particularly marital status and length of past hospitalization, also appear to be important. Some of the methodological difficulties associated with a study of this nature are discussed.
NARRATING INSANITY IN THE LETTERS OF THOMAS MULOCK AND DINAH MULOCK CRAIK

Scholars have had a difficult time assessing the significance of Dinah Mulock Craik (1824–1887), best remembered as the author of John Halifax, Gentleman (1856). The critical verdict on her life and letters has swung toward extremes. Some critics have seen her, to quote Henry James, as “kindly, somewhat dull, pious, and very sentimental” (172); her novels embody the Victorian values of self-help, moral earnestness, and hard work, and it is assumed that her life did too. Elaine Showalter's and Sally Mitchell's feminist recoveries of Craik's work in the 1970s and early 1980s found that just the opposite was true, and that Victorian sentimentality allowed Craik to voice the subversive desires of her female readers covertly, in a form that was acceptable to the general public (Showalter 5–7, Mitchell 31). This critical tradition tended to overemphasize the melodramatic aspects of Craik's life and career as a means of dramatizing the struggles of women in a patriarchal society. The most recent scholarship eschews Craik's life altogether for the most part, focusing on her novelistic representations of disability, of Irish and Scottish nationality, and of class and enfranchisement. This criticism engages Craik's writing as an interesting cultural artifact rather than as an aesthetic object: her work is once again seen as embodying normative Victorian values, but to what extent the author was the cognizant promoter of these values, and to what extent she was their unwitting filter, and whether it matters, is unclear. But new archival work shows the importance of her life in understanding her career. The Mulock Family Papers, held at the University of California at Los Angeles, underscore Craik's challenges in managing an abusive father, who suffered from periods of dejection followed by periods of great happiness, and who was frequently absent and incarcerated. Craik was intensely private when it came to her personal life, and scholars like Showalter have read her reserve as a bow to womanly decorum in a life otherwise dominated by literary celebrity. But the archive suggests that Craik's taciturnity was instead a strategy for managing the threat of violence and scandal.
Cytolytic CD8+ T cells recognizing CFP10 are recruited to the lung after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Optimum immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. In contrast with CD4(+) T cells, few antigens are known that elicit CD8(+) T cells during infection. CD8(+) T cells specific for culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP10) are found in purified protein derivative positive donors, suggesting that CFP10 primes CD8(+) T cells in vivo. Using T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected mice, we identified CFP10 epitopes recognized by CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells. CFP10-specific T cells were detected as early as week 3 after infection and at their peak accounted for up to 30% of CD8(+) T cells in the lung. IFNgamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recognizing CFP10 epitopes were preferentially recruited to the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. In vivo cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T cells specific for CFP10 and TB10.3/10.4 proteins was detected in the spleen, pulmonary lymph nodes, and lungs of infected mice. The cytolytic activity persisted long term and could be detected 260 d after infection. This paper highlights the cytolytic function of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells elicited by M. tuberculosis infection and demonstrates that large numbers of CFP10-specific cytolytic CD8(+) T cells are recruited to the lung after M. tuberculosis infection.
Do Teachers Bias Children’s Learning?

The publication of Pygmalion in the Classroom by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) stirred heated professional controversy and considerable public interest in the notion that teachers' expectations regarding a child's ability influence the child's classroom learning and test performance. Indeed, a number of articles have appeared in the popular press in which the data in Pygmalion were interpreted to imply that children's school performance could be improved simply by making the teacher think better of the child's ability (e.g., see Yunker, 1970). At the same time serious doubts about the reliability and validity of Rosenthal and Jacobson's findings were being raised in the professional literature (e.g., Snow, 1969; Thorndike, 1968, 1969). Since the publication of Pygmalion, the professional literature dealing directly with the issue of teacher-bias effects has grown rapidly (see Baker & Crist, 1971). This type of research is concerned with the possibility that teachers might intentionally or unintentionally suppress the learning of some students simply because they subjectively feel these students are not capable of grasping certain material as quickly or as well as most students. The term "bias" is used to describe this phenomenon when objective measures do not indicate differences in learning potential between the students expected to do poorly and the remainder of the class. The major purpose of this paper is to review the
Reeler homozygous mice exhibit enhanced susceptibility to epileptiform activity.

Summary: Purpose: Seizures are observed frequently in humans with diffuse neuronal migration disorders. The reeler mutant mouse also exhibits a diffuse disruption of migration, yet no proepileptic phenotype has been reported for this model. Whether this disparity reflects a phenotypic difference that can be used to delineate the mechanisms associated with increasing seizure susceptibility or reflects a paucity of knowledge is unclear. Consequently, this study examined whether seizure susceptibility is altered in reeler mutant mice. Methods: In vivo (minimal electroshock delivered transcorneally) and in vitro techniques (field-potential recordings in neocortical and hippocampal brain slice preparations exposed to bicuculline methiodide) were used to determine whether the susceptibility to epileptiform activity is enhanced in reeler homozygous mice relative to controls. Adult (3–7 months) male reeler homozygotes (rl/rl) and controls (+/?) were identified based on their behavioral phenotype and were used in all experiments. Results: Minimal electroshock revealed that rl/rl mice, compared with controls, exhibited a lower threshold for electroshock-induced seizures (4.5 ± 0.52 vs. 6.7 ± 0.35 mA), and a higher incidence of behavioral seizures (median seizure score, class 4 vs. class 0) when animals were subjected to a 5-mA electroshock stimulus. Additionally, neocortical and hippocampal slices from rl/rl mice were more likely to generate spontaneous epileptiform activity after bicuculline application, compared with controls, and the duration of the epileptiform events elicited in 10–30 μM bicuculline was longer in slices from rl/rl mice. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that rl/rl mice have enhanced seizure susceptibility that is in part intrinsic to the malformed neocortex and hippocampus. Thus in contrast to prior belief, most animal models of diffuse neuronal migration disorders do exhibit a proepileptic phenotype.
Development Planning as the Only Game in Town

Why is development planning a central activity of city government? This paper confronts this question through the study of a small city in the Boston SMSA Development planning in this city turns out to be a contentious business. Not everyone supports it, and it is difficult to do Yet despite a number of competing planning agendas and, in particular, popular demand for human services, development planning — i e., planning for business — consistently remains the central concern of city government While there are a number of ways to account for this, the centrality of development planning seems not to be simply the result of scheming special interests, funding availability, or professional imperatives. These explanations may be correct, but each alone appears to be inadequate An examination of a variety of development projects and of the competition among alternative planning agendas suggests, rather, that development planning is the logical outcome of the particular ways in which diverse constituencies and ...
Incident Reviews in High-Hazard Industries: Sense Making and Learning Under Ambiguity and Accountability

Learning from practical experience is of greater importance in more complex work environments. In high-hazard industries, complexity, tight coupling, and invisibility make safe operation and learning from experience particularly difficult. There is growing recognition that further improvement is needed and that it will require more than incremental improvement and exchange of "best practices." This arti cle describes how organization members make sense of practical expe rience in one high-hazard industry—nuclear power—and how their sense-making affects their decisions and actions. The author discusses four factors that can limit the effectiveness of the interpretive process: root cause seduction, sharp-end focus, solution-driven search, and account acceptability. He then examines the impact that myopic inter pretations can have on operating performance by placing incident reviews within the organizational learning process, and he closes with suggestions for a cross-disciplinary research agenda.
Flow‐induced particulate separations

Separating particles from the liquid in which they are suspended is often an important step in processing multiphase materials such as suspensions and emulsions. We describe a new method to separate neutrally buoyant particles from viscous liquids. The method is based on the low Reynolds number motion of freely-suspended particles at bifurcations—points where a tube or channel splits into multiple tubes. We show experimentally that the partitioning of particles at a bifurcation differs from the partitioning of the suspending fluid. The effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and shape of the bifurcation on particle partitioning are examined. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when tubes and bifurcations are arranged in certain ways, the particles can take preferential paths through the network and can be separated from the liquid in which they are suspended. The data show that the particle separation can be enhanced in relatively simple networks consisting of just a few interconnected channels.
Developmental Regulation of Baboon Fetal Ovarian Maturation by Estrogen

Ovarian function in adult human and nonhuman primates is dependent on events that take place during fetal development, including the envelopment of oocytes by granulosa (i.e., folliculogenesis). However, our understanding of fetal ovarian folliculogenesis is incomplete. During baboon pregnancy, placental production and secretion of estradiol into the fetus increases with advancing gestation, and the fetal ovary expresses estrogen receptors a and b in mesenchymal-epithelial cells (i.e., pregranulosa) as early as midgestation. Therefore, the current study determined whether estrogen regulates fetal ovarian follicular development. Pregnant baboons were untreated or treated with the aromatase inhibitor CGS 20267, or with CGS 20267 plus estradiol benzoate administered s.c. to the mother on Days 100‐164 (term 5 Day 184). On Day 165, baboon fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and the number of total follicles and interfollicular nests consisting of oocytes and mesenchymal-epithelial cells in areas (0.33 mm2) of the outer and inner cortices of each fetal ovary were quantified using image analysis. Maternal and umbilical serum estradiol levels were decreased by .95% with CGS 20267. Treatment with CGS 20267 and estrogen restored maternal estradiol to normal and fetal estradiol to 30% of normal. Although fetal ovarian weight was unaltered, the mean number of follicles 6 SEM/0.33 mm2 in the inner (59.0 6 1.7) and outer (95.3 6 2.4) cortical regions of fetal ovaries in untreated animals was 35%‐50% lower (P , 0.01) in estrogen-depleted baboons (25.9 6 1.4, inner cortex; 62.5 6 2.7, outer cortex) and was restored to normal by treatment with CGS 20267 and estrogen. In contrast, the number of interfollicular nests was 2-fold greater (P , 0.01) in fetal ovaries of estrogen-suppressed animals, a change that was prevented by treatment with estrogen. In summary, fetal ovarian follicular development was significantly altered in baboons in which estrogen was depleted during the second half of gestation and restored to normal by estradiol. We propose that estrogen plays an integral role in regulating, and perhaps programming, primate fetal ovarian development. estradiol, follicle, oocyte development, ovary, pregnancy
Morphology of the 1st gonapophysis in the genus Neoplea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pleidae), including an evaluation of its taxonomic importance

Abstract The 1st gonapophysis of species in the genus Neoplea Esaki and China, 1928, includes a pattern of spurs that aids in depositing eggs into plant tissue. Within each species the pattern of spurs is relatively consistent, especially toward the apical end. Thus, there is taxonomic value in the morphology of this structure. Many of the currently known species of Neoplea can be identified using only the 1st gonapophysis, although intraspecific variation exists and characteristics may overlap in closely related species. All Neoplea species whose 1st gonaphphyses are known are described and illustrated.
Dual Role of Transforming Growth Factor β in Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metastatic Progression

It is generally accepted that transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is both a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Whereas loss or attenuation of TGFbeta signal transduction is permissive for transformation, introduction of dominant-negative TGFbeta receptors into metastatic breast cancer cells has been shown to inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, motility, invasiveness, survival, and metastases. In addition, there is evidence that excess production and/or activation of TGFbeta by cancer cells can contribute to tumor progression by paracrine mechanisms involving neoangiogenesis, production of stroma and proteases, and subversion of immune surveillance mechanisms in tumor hosts. These data provide a rationale in favor of blockade of autocrine/paracrine TGFbeta signaling in human mammary tumors with therapeutic intent. Several treatment approaches are currently in early clinical development and have been the focus of our laboratory. These include (1) ligand antibodies or receptor-containing fusion proteins aimed at blocking ligand binding to cognate receptors and (2) small-molecule inhibitors of the type I TGFbeta receptor serine/threonine kinase. Many questions remain about the viability of anti-TGFbeta treatment strategies, the best molecular approach (or combinations) for inhibition of TGFbeta function in vivo, the biochemical surrogate markers of tumor response, the molecular profiles in tumors for selection into clinical trials, and potential toxicities, among others.
Antimicrobial Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Is Activated during an Early Developmental Stage and Requires the Two-Component Hybrid SagS

A hallmark characteristic of biofilms is their extraordinary tolerance to antimicrobial agents. While multiple factors are thought to contribute to the high level of antimicrobial tolerance of biofilms, little is known about the timing of induction of biofilm tolerance. Here, we asked when over the course of their development do biofilms gain their tolerance to antimicrobial agents? We demonstrate that in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm tolerance is linked to biofilm development, with transition to the irreversible attachment stage regulated by the two-component hybrid SagS, marking the timing when biofilms switch to the high-level tolerance phenotype. Inactivation of sagS rendered biofilms but not planktonic cells more susceptible to tobramycin, norfloxacin, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, inactivation of sagS also eliminated the recalcitrance of biofilms to killing by bactericidal antimicrobial agents, a phenotype comparable to that observed upon inactivation of brlR, which encodes a MerR-like transcriptional regulator required for biofilm tolerance. Multicopy expression of brlR in a ΔsagS mutant restored biofilm resistance and recalcitrance to killing by bactericidal antibiotics to wild-type levels. In contrast, expression of sagS did not restore the susceptibility phenotype of ΔbrlR mutant biofilms to wild-type levels, indicating that BrlR functions downstream of SagS. Inactivation of sagS correlated with reduced BrlR levels in biofilms, with the produced BrlR being impaired in binding to the previously described BrlR-activated promoters of the two multidrug efflux pump operons mexAB-oprM and mexEF-oprN. Our findings demonstrate that biofilm tolerance is linked to early biofilm development and SagS, with SagS contributing indirectly to BrlR activation.
Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biological Applications

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as one of the most stable metal nanoparticles have demonstrated extensive applications in recent years. In this review, the synthetic methods to AuNPs were discussed, which included citrate reduction, Brust–Schiffrin method, ligand-stabilized AuNPs and so on, followed with the synthetic mechanisms. Special emphasis was made on polymer modified AuNPs in biomedical applications, especially for polymer/AuNPs conjugated in the field of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. The applications based on optoelectronic properties, which was related to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, were also summarized as biosensors for labeling and detection.
Three-Body Model of Li 6 and Deuteron-Alpha-Particle Scattering

The properties of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and deuteron---$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle scattering are studied in an exact three-particle model in which the neutron, proton, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle interact through separable two-body forces. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle is assumed to be structureless, and Coulomb effects are neglected. As a representation of the nucleon---$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle interaction, a three-term separable potential fit to low-energy neutron-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle scattering is introduced in the partial waves ${s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, and ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$. The ${s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ interaction is taken to be repulsive, while the other two are attractive. The three-body formalism of Amado is generalized to allow spin-dependent two-body interactions in an arbitrary partial wave. Numerical solution of the resulting three-body equations gives the binding energies of the $T=0$ and $T=1$ states of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ as well as phase shifts, angular distributions, and deuteron polarization in $d\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ scattering, and also the total cross section for $d+\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+p+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ up to 30 MeV. Most of the calculations have used only an $s$-wave $n\ensuremath{-}p$ interaction, but a limited number have been done with the $d$ state of the deuteron included in order to assess its importance. Given the assumptions of the model, the agreement of the calculated quantities with experiment is very good. Some discussion of the results with respect to phenomenological optical-model fits to deuteron-nucleus scattering is also given.
Microsoft: Xbox Division

Rob Jones, a Business Development manager intern, has been asked to make a recommendation regarding the purchase of a key piece of intellectual property for use in the Xbox. The project requires collaboration with several functional groups within Xbox and, ultimately, their buy-in. Jones has collected assessments and perspectives (sometimes conflicting) and needs to assimilate them into a recommendation. Jones is surprised to learn that his manager has arranged for his recommendation to be presented to the Divisions CFO.
Patient considerations in type 2 diabetes – role of combination dapagliflozin–metformin XR

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to provide guidance to health care providers regarding the use of dapagliflozin–metformin XR (extended release) as a therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
The Protective Effect of Hispanic Ethnicity on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality is Mitigated by Smoking Behavior.

Rationale: Studies in Hispanic/Latino populations have shown ethnicity to be either a predictive or protective factor for COPD mortality and it is unclear whether this disagreement is attributable to ethnic differences in smoking rates, smoking behavior or differences in genetic susceptibility. Objectives: This study will examine the role of smoking behavior as a means of explaining differences in risk for COPD mortality between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Methods: Participants were recruited into a cohort study from the San Luis Valley in Colorado beginning in the early 1980’s and followed for mortality until 2012. COPD and cardiovascular disease are often comorbid conditions and account for the competing risk of CVD in the analysis of COPD mortality. Mortality searches were conducted regularly and all ICD codes were collected for mortality event. Primary and secondary causes of each event were assessed using appropriate codes. Results: Hispanic current smokers did not differ from NHW current smokers in years smoked (p=0.6) but Hispanic former smokers accumulated more years smoked compared to NHW former smokers (22 vs. 20, p=0.047). Hispanic ethnicity was significantly protective for COPD mortality adjusting for age, gender, pre-existing emphysema, hypertension and smoking status and accounting for the effect of CVD mortality (RR=0.58, 95% C.I. 0.34-0.99, p=0.035). Further adjustment for smoking behavior mitigated this effect. Conclusions: The lower COPD mortality seen in Hispanic smokers may be due lower cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke. Thus, smoking behavior may play a key role in explaining differences in COPD mortality as they relate to Hispanic ethnicity.
In ovo Peptide YY Administration Improves Body Weight at Hatch and Day 3 in Turkey Poults

Abstract Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that in ovo administration of peptide YY (PYY) at Day 18 of incubation enhanced adjusted feed conversion ratio (AFCR) and BW gains of broilers during the first week post-hatch. Preliminary studies have also shown that in ovo PYY administration at Day 25 of incubation also increases jejunal glucose absorption in 1-d-old Nicholas turkey poults. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the effects of in ovo PYY administration on growth and feed conversion in two turkey lines: a commercial growth line (BUT; British United Turkey, UK) and the Egg Line. Eggs from both turkey lines were randomly placed in the same incubator. On Day 25 of incubation, 380 BUT and 440 Egg Line eggs were injected with 100 μL 1.025% saline (control) or 600 μg PYY/kg egg weight. At hatch, 168 poults from each treatment group were wing-banded, weighed, and randomly distributed across pens in four Petersime batteries. A standard turkey starter crumble feed and water were available ad libitum. Feed and birds were weighed on Days 3, 10, and 17 to determine BW gains and AFCR. Poults of both lines from PYY-treated eggs were heavier (P
Spatial Segmentation of the Urban Housing Market

Neighborhood correlates of house price changes for the San Francisco Bay area are analyzed for the metropolitan area as a whole, and also for sub-markets defined on the basis of real estate board jurisdictions, the racialethnic composition of neighborhoods, and the average house price of neighborhoods. Regression analysis reveals different patterns of correlates for the market and submarket models, and an F-test indicates that the board of realtors submarket model is superior to the other models in accounting for variance in price change. These findings suggest that submarket models should be used in the analysis of housing, but only if submarkets are carefully defined to bound areas which are likely to show discrete attribute-price structures.
Optical probe and frequency-domain instrumentation to study spatial and temporal correlations of fluctuations in tissues

We have used Photon Density Wave Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy (PDW-FCS) to study spatial and temporal correlations of large-scale (~1 mm) optical fluctuations in turbid media such as tissues. Our method uses high frequency (110 MHz) intensity modulated near-infrared light traveling in multiply scattering media. We measure the power spectra of the average value (DC), modulation amplitude (AC) and phase (Φ) of the photon density wave launched in the turbid medium. We have designed an optical probe, consisting of two source-detector pairs, which in conjunction with a correlation algorithm restricts the region probed by the photon density wave.
Phase III Comparison of Cisplatin Alone Versus Cisplatin, Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Bladder (Urothelial) Cancer: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial

A prospective randomized trial compared cisplatin alone versus cisplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. Objective responses were noted in 7 of 45 patients (16 per cent) given cisplatin alone and in 9 of 42 (21 per cent) treated with the combination. There was no significant difference in response rate, response duration or survival but the combination was more toxic. Other combination regimens should be evaluated.
Narrow complex tachycardia: recognition and management in the emergency room.

Cardiac arrhythmias often present as urgent medical conditions requiring immediate care. Patient presenting with a tachyarrhythmia is a common finding in the emergency room. They also occur commonly in patients undergoing non-cardiovascular procedures including surgeries. It is thus pertinent that the physician handling such cases must be appropriately trained to diagnose and provide emergency management till the case is referred to a specialist. Most cases present as a narrow or a wide complex tachycardia. The differential diagnosis is arrived at by deciding on the ECG morphology alongwith relevant history and physical examination where feasible. This article describes the bedside approach to diagnose and treat an arrhythmia presenting as a wide complex. Wide complex tachycardia can result from rhythms originating both from the atrium and the ventricle. Appropriate deduction of the source of the arrhythmia is essential to decide on drug therapy as wrong diagnosis with inappropriate therapy can result in fatalities. ©
Bistable Oscillations in Phase Conjugate Resonators with BaTiO3

A ring passive phase conjugator and several auxiliary semi-linear resonators can be formed with a BaTiO3 crystal pumped by an Ar+ laser. They can be made to function concurrently, or in bistable modes by adjusting their dimensions and mirror reflectivities. Several interesting results on bistabilities and hysteresis have been obtained.
Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by the Seeded Growth Method and Their Optical Properties

Monodisperse colloidal golds were prepared by the seed-induced growth method using potassium borohydride as a reducing reagent and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as a stabilization reagent.With PVP reagent added into the preparative system and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent,monodisperse gold nanorods were also prepared by the same method.The experiments showed the PVP reagent had an important effect on gold nonoparticle.When PVP reagent was added,gold nanoparticles(including colloidal golds and gold nanorods) obtained had good dispersion without obvious agglomeration.The different morphologies of gold nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,Zetasizer Nano-ZS and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
The Study of the Status and Impact of China's Sports Public Diplomacy in the Peaceful Development Environment:Sampling from 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2014 Youth Olympic Games

This study discussed the status and impact of China's sports public diplomacy in the peaceful development environment,citing from various disciplinary areas such as journalism and communication,international relations,politics,and physical education.The study of public diplomacy emphasizes on the influences from one country to the people of another country.By implementing appropriate public diplomatic policy,the country tries to acknowledge them its diplomatic policy,values,and culture,so as to influencing them and reducing the difficulties in the process of implementing diplomatic policy.To build up agood image in the minds of people in another country,the country intends to realize its national interest.It is necessary to build up agood national image.International sports games is an important platform for people from all over the world to interact and communicate with each other,which is a good opportunity for countries to build up communication platform and show national image with the supports of sports public diplomacy.The study of the status and impact of China's sports public diplomacy could not only enrich the theory of sports public diplomacy,but ensure the realization of China's sports public diplomacy strategy,so as to realizing the grand strategic object of peaceful development.
Recasting the Colonial Past: History, Imagination, and Fantasy on Festival Stages

Over my years of fieldwork on the Lusophone festival circuit, I saw numerous theatre troupes present productions that raised questions about representing histories from Africa, where for years the European versions of history were the only ones to be found in textbooks. The past has significant relevance to the present, since representations of it become sites of political struggles wherein diverse communities cultivate collective identities and stake claims to socioeconomic resources (Bond and Gilliam 1994). International theatre festivals are excellent examples of such sites. In Cape Verde, performers can use Mindelact productions to highlight the historical strands of their creolized culture that are specific to their own local islands and claim the cultural capital that performing at the nation’s most prestigious theatre venue affords. At Mindelact 2004, for example, the Cape Verdean theatre troupe OTACA performed Tchom di Morgado (The Proprietor’s Land),1 a dramatization of a colonial-era peasant revolt against an exploitative Portuguese landlord on Santiago Island. The next year, the Portuguese theatre company ESTE2 staged a Cape Verdean oral history about drought, generating warm praise from many Mindelact attendees while raising questions from others about responsible cultural representations. At FESTLIP in Brazil, African artists have an opportunity to use the festival stage to remind the larger transnational community of complex colonial histories.
Improving health care of premature infants with non-invasive nursing interventions

B nurses are expected to translate the best research into practice to provide the highest quality and level of care. Premature births are a global issue with the highest rates occurring in countries with limited resources and high poverty. Although there have been slight improvements in these rates, medical care has focused on improving survivability. A number of these infants face deficits in vision, hearing, cognition, and musculoskeletal development. These deficits, especially in low birth weight (<2500 grams) and very low birth weight (<1500) infants, may have long term effects exhibited in disorders like attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Neuroprotective care is a developing science and is an essential component of providing care that promotes, stability and regulation, brain development, and attachment. Research has shown promise in these areas and the results of two studies will be explored as well as future indications for non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring with premature infants. Practice aimed at providing support for optimal short and long-term outcomes will conversely decrease the morbidities continuing to occur within this vulnetable population.
Low Yield of Chest Radiography in General Inpatients and Outpatients with “Positive PPD” Results in a Country with Low Prevalence of TB

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and spectrum of abnormalities on routine screening chest radiographs among inpatients and outpatients with “positive purified protein derivative (PPD)” in a large tertiary care academic medical center in a country with low prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Materials and Methods The reports of all chest radiographs of general inpatients and outpatients referred for positive PPD (2010–2014) were evaluated for the frequency of evidence of active or latent TB and the spectrum of imaging findings. The results of additional chest radiographs and computed tomography scans were recorded, as were additional relevant clinical histories and symptoms. Results Of the 2518 patients who underwent chest radiography for positive PPD, the radiographs were normal in 91.3%. The vast majority of the abnormal radiographs demonstrated findings consistent with old tuberculous disease. There were three cases (0.1%) of active TB, all of which were either recent immigrants from an endemic area or had other relevant histories or clinical symptoms suggestive of the disease. Conclusions Universal chest radiography in general inpatient and outpatient populations referred for positive PPD is of low yield for detecting active disease in a country with low prevalence of TB.
Do oil prices really matter to US shale oil production

ABSTRACTThe main contribution of this paper is to provide the answer to the question of whether changes in crude oil prices really matter to US shale oil production over the past decades. This study takes specific account of the asymmetric effects of oil prices, using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach. It was found that oil price indeed has an asymmetric effect on shale production in the short run, i.e., US shale production is more responsive to an increase in oil price than to its decrease. However, it is found that the asymmetric short-run effects do not seem to be persistent in the long run.