cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of terminology and constructs in social anxiety and its disorders.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a perspective on conceptual, definitional, and diagnostic nosology issues for the field. It is proposed that social anxieties and fears, like other phobic disorders, exist along a continuum across the general population. The range of social anxieties/fears along this continuum is from no anxiety/fear to “normal” levels to psychopathological extremes. The debate on “overpathologizing” socially anxious people then may be addressed by a conceptualization that acknowledges both “normal” social anxieties that are mildly to moderately intense, or transient, and also their potential connectedness to social anxiety disorder (SAD), depending on potentially contributing environmental and individual factors. The chapter also reviews the evolution of constructs important to the area. Finally, it reemphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to studying and understanding distress and dysfunction related to social situations. It uses the term “social anxiety” in an attempt to broadly encompass the various constructs emanating from the various disciplines and subdisciplines.
Sedative-hypnotic Binding to 11β-hydroxylase

Background:Etomidate potently suppresses adrenocortical steroid synthesis with potentially deleterious consequences by binding to 11β-hydroxylase and inhibiting its function. The authors hypothesized that other sedative-hypnotics currently in clinical use or under development (or their metabolites)
Investigating the potential role of non-vls genes on linear plasmid 28-1 in virulence and persistence by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Background The lp28-1 plasmid is required for persistent infection by the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Mutational studies on this plasmid have shown that the vls locus is important for antigenic variation of the VlsE lipoprotein that leads to immune evasion and persistence. However, it is still unknown whether the vls system is the only genetic locus on this plasmid necessary for long-term infection, and thus the potential role of non-vls genes on lp28-1 in virulence and persistence is yet to be fully determined. Despite extensive mutational analyses, two lp28-1 regions containing the ORFs bbf19 - bbf22 and bbf27 – bbf30 have not yet been mutated in their entirety.
A Secure Data Learning Scheme in Big Data Applications

Facing a huge volume of data that quickly generated from big data applications, it is crucial for the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure being able to process, aggregate, store, manage and analyze with massive data. When an ICT conducts a centralized data learning task, the information privacy of each local dataset might be violated. In this paper, we consider a secure data learning scheme in which multiple parties would find the predictive models from their overall data, while not revealing its own private data to one another at the same time. Instead of deploying the centralized data learning process which may jeopardize the information privacy, we distribute the centralized data learning tasks to each local learning party as their own local data learning tasks to learn the value from local data. Besides that, we propose an associated secure scheme to show the guarantee of privacy of learning results during the information reassemble and value response process. Evaluation work is provided to verify the privacy of training dataset, as well as the accuracy of learning weights. A case study is presented based on an open metering data analysis.
Kevin Gilmartin, William Hazlitt: Political Essayist

Review by Tristram Wolff (Northwestern University) of Kevin Gilmartin, William Hazlitt: Political Essayist. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. 336. £99. ISBN 9780198709312.
A Multimodal Robot for Perching and Climbing on Vertical Outdoor Surfaces

Perching can extend the useful mission life of a micro air vehicle. Once perched, climbing allows it to reposition precisely, with low power draw and without regard for weather conditions. We present the Stanford Climbing and Aerial Maneuvering Platform, which is to our knowledge the first robot capable of flying, perching with passive technology on outdoor surfaces, climbing, and taking off again. We present the mechanical design and the new perching, climbing, and takeoff strategies that allow us to perform these tasks on surfaces such as concrete and stucco, without the aid of a motion capture system or off-board computation. We further discuss two new capabilities uniquely available to a hybrid aerial–scansorial robot: the ability to recover gracefully from climbing failures and the ability to increase usable foothold density through the application of aerodynamic forces. We also measure real power consumption for climbing, flying, and monitoring and discuss how future platforms could be improved for longer mission life.
Queer ecologies of home: heteronormativity, speciesism, and the strange intimacies of crazy cat ladies

AbstractThis article extends Morrison, Johnston, and Longhurst’s argument that love is spatial, relational, and political by tracing the ways that home situates both intra- and interspecies intimacy. It examines the ‘crazy cat lady’ as a discourse that entangles heteronormative and speciesist rules for loving, living, and making ‘a home.’ In a post-industrial moment when pet love has become a centerpiece of ‘normal’ life, the crazy cat lady occupies a queer periphery. She not only loves cats too much, she loves them more than humans, instead of a husband, and literally in place of heteronormative domesticity. To understand these complicit logics, this article reconceptualizes home as a queer ecology in which the sociospatial politics of nature, gender, humanity, sexuality, animality, domesticity, and intimacy collide. Using this framework, this article examines how women-with-cats–the ‘real’ crazy cat ladies–(re)inhabit normative ideals in their everyday practices and how this multispecies homemaking unfo...
Paradigms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: phenotypes, immunobiology, and therapy with a focus on vascular disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that represents a major global health burden. COPD phenotypes have recently emerged based on large cohort studies addressing the need to better characterize the syndrome. Though comprehensive phenotyping is still at an early stage, factors such as ethnicity and radiographic, serum, and exhaled breath biomarkers have shown promise. COPD is also an immunological disease where innate and adaptive immune responses to the environment and tobacco smoke are altered. The frequent overlap between COPD and other systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, has influenced COPD therapy, and treatments for both conditions may lead to improved patient outcomes. Here, we discuss current paradigms that center on improving the definition of COPD, understanding the immunological overlap between COPD and vascular inflammation, and the treatment of COPD—with a focus on comorbid cardiovascular disease.
Trapped in trash: ‘Modes of governing’ and barriers to transitioning to sustainable waste management:

The disposal of municipal solid waste can be costly and environmentally destructive. This article asks why, given many alternatives, most waste material is still disposed of in landfills or inciner...
Oscillatory Synchronous Inhibition in the Basolateral Amygdala and its Primary Dependence on NR2A-containing NMDA Receptors.

Synchronous, rhythmic firing of GABAergic interneurons is a fundamental mechanism underlying the generation of brain oscillations, and evidence suggests that NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a key role in oscillatory activity by regulating the activity of interneurons. Consistent with this, derangement of brain rhythms in certain neuropsychiatric disorders, notably schizophrenia and autism, is associated with NMDAR hypofunction and loss of inhibitory interneurons. In the basolateral amygdala (BLA)-dysfunction of which is involved in a host of neuropsychiatric diseases-, principal neurons display spontaneous, rhythmic "bursts" of inhibitory activity, which could potentially be involved in the orchestration of oscillations in the BLA network; here, we investigated the role of NMDARs in these inhibitory oscillations. Rhythmic bursts of spontaneous IPSCs (0.5 Hz average burst frequency) recorded from rat BLA principal cells were blocked or significantly suppressed by D-AP5, and could be driven by NMDAR activation alone. BLA interneurons generated spontaneous bursts of suprathreshold EPSCs at a similar frequency, which were also blocked or reduced by D-AP5. PEAQX (GluN2A-NMDAR antagonist; 0.4 μM) or Ro-25-6981 (GluN2B-NMDAR antagonist; 5 μM) suppressed the IPSC and EPSC bursts; suppression by PEAQX was significantly greater than that by Ro-25-6981. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed the presence of both GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDARs on GABAergic BLA interneurons, while, functionally, GluN2A-NMDARs have the dominant role, as suggested by a greater reduction of NMDA-evoked currents by PEAQX versus Ro-25-6981. Entrainment of BLA principal neurons in an oscillatory generation of inhibitory activity depends primarily on activation of GluN2A-NMDARs, and interneuronal GluN2A-NMDARs may play a significant role.
The Psychiatric Aspects of Tobacco Use

How closely do the psychiatric effects of tobacco use match those of cocaine users, marijuana smokers, and opiate addicts? There are multiple answers to this question, and the answers, to some extent, frame the ever-widening national debate surrounding tobacco use and the addictive effects of nicotine.
Training and Credentialing for Radioguided Surgery

New medical technology, whatever the form, places stress on our health care delivery system. Many technologies, such as laparoscopic surgery, require the surgeon and the operating room team be trained on and adapt to new devices and techniques. Other technologies, such as immunohistochemistry or other advanced diagnostic capabilities, demand new techniques or new personnel in the laboratory or pathology department, which often can be outsourced initially until the necessary expertise is acquired by staff or otherwise available locally. Radioguided surgery is perhaps unique in that it demands adoption of new techniques, technologies, and procedural guidelines across multiple disciplines. As such, it is not just the surgeons, radiologists, or pathologists who must adapt to this new technology; a successful radioguided surgical program must have the cooperation and focus of these hospital departments (1).
Time-Dependent Behavior of Ceramic (Zirconia)-Metal (NiCoCrAlY) Particulate Composites

The estimation of time-dependent properties for ceramic-metal mixturesis important for analyzing the effects of thermal loading oncompositionally graded thermal barrier coatings. A mean fieldmicromechanics approach is developed to compute effective time-dependentproperties of ceramic (zirconia)-metal (NiCoCrAlY) particulate compositematerials. These properties are then used to predict the transientthermal stresses in these composites when they are subjected to thermalshock. These thermal stresses include the effects of time-dependentmaterial response.
CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Exert Differential Functions during Early and Late Stages of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses.

Acute respiratory virus infection (ARI) induces CD8 + T cells with diminished cytokine production and functional impairment. The role of cellular mediators of immune impairment, specifically CD4 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), is incompletely understood in ARI. Tregs are known suppressors of effector T cell function, but whether they are detrimental or beneficial in ARI remains controversial. We show in this paper that Treg depletion leads to increased CD8 + T cell function and lower virus titer in mice infected with human metapneumovirus. We further demonstrate that Tregs play a temporal role in the immune response to human metapneumovirus and influenza: Treg depletion before infection pathologically reduces virus-specific CD8 + T cell numbers and delays virus clearance, whereas depletion 2 d postinoculation enhances CD8 + T cell functionality without reducing virus-specific CD8 + T cell numbers. Mechanistically, Treg depletion during immune priming led to impaired dendritic cell and CD8 + T cell migration. Further, early Treg depletion was associated with immune skewing toward a type 2 phenotype characterized by increased type 2 innate lymphoid cells and T H 2 CD4 + T cells, which was not observed when Treg depletion was delayed until after inoculation. These results indicate that the presence of Tregs at inoculation is critical for efficient priming of the CD8 + T cell response to ARI, whereas later in infection, Tregs are dispensable for virus clearance.
Camelina protein adhesives enhanced by polyelectrolyte interaction for plywood applications

Abstract Camelina protein is a major by-product created after oil extraction from camelina seeds; it has drawn research attention as an economical material for bio-industrial implications. The present study investigates the influence of polyelectrolyte interaction on camelina protein structure and effects on wood bonding performance when used as a bio-adhesive. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that after interacting with polymeric amine epichlorohydrin (PAE), a cationic polyelectrolyte, camelina protein is partly unfolded with more flexible chain structures. PAE works as a bridge among different protein molecules primarily through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Separation by size exclusion chromatography showed that soluble PAE modified proteins are smaller in molecular size. Polymeric amine epichlorohydrin modified proteins had reduced solubility, possibly indicating increased hydrophobicity. The PAE treatment of camelina protein greatly improved both dry and wet adhesion strength when used as an adhesive. Dry bond strength increased from 2.39 ± 0.52 MPa to 5.39 ± 0.50 MPa with 100% wood failure and wet bond strength was dramatically increased from 0.37 ± 0.22 to 2.35 ± 0.17 MPa on two layer cherry wood tests. Two aliphatic structures with hydrophobic chains were introduced into the PAE modified protein system to further improve water resistance and get wet bond strength increase from 0 to 1.30 ± 0.23 MPa on three layer yellow pine wood tests. This study demonstrates the possibility of camelina as a green resource for the adhesive industry.
Collections Care Informed by Native American Perspectives: Teaching the Next Generation

Through repatriation consultations, collaborative exhibitions, and research projects with Native peoples, anthropology curators and collections managers are learning different interpretations of be...
Truth Commission Legitimacy

This chapter lays out the theoretical framework of the project. Truth commissions are examined to identify key characteristics that foster legitimacy and increase the likelihood that truth commissions improve the societies in which they exist. I argue that authority demonstrated by a strong mandate, a break with the past signaled by a new regime, and transparency via public hearings and published reports are the key characteristics associated with improvements in respect for human rights and decreases in violence.
Twenty-eight strategies for writing over the lifespan: reflections and suggestions

Writing takes discipline. Strategies for staying productive over the lifespan change as writers grow older and circumstances change. This article examines 28 strategies a mental health professional...
Association of Thrombocytopenia, Revascularization, and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract Background The impact of thrombocytopenia on revascularization and outcomes in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction remains poorly understood. We sought to evaluate associations between thrombocytopenia, in-hospital management, bleeding, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Methods Patients hospitalized from 2004 to 2014 with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. Management of acute myocardial infarction was compared between patients with and without thrombocytopenia. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of in-hospital adverse events stratified by thrombocytopenia and adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and treatment. Results A total of 6,717,769 patients were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and thrombocytopenia was reported in 219,351 (3.3%). Patients with thrombocytopenia were older, more likely to have other medical comorbidities, were more likely to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (28.8% vs 8.2%, P Conclusions Patients with thrombocytopenia in the setting of acute myocardial infarction had increased odds of bleeding, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality compared with patients without thrombocytopenia. Future investigations to mitigate the poor prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction and thrombocytopenia are warranted.
Reconceptualizing Entrepreneurial Performance: The Creation and Destruction of Value from a Stakeholder Capabilities Perspective

Although scholars have long known that entrepreneurship involves the interaction of countless individuals beyond the entrepreneur, traditional performance metrics are limited to capturing the economic value that is created for shareholders. Multiple scholars have suggested that it should be possible to develop a more complete assessment that is able to simultaneously capture both the economic and non-economic consequences of entrepreneurship that exist for the broader network of firm stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more nuanced understanding of entrepreneurial performance by operationalizing the concept of stakeholder capabilities. Building on concepts from stakeholder theory and the human development and capability approach in welfare economics, we argue that the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities can either create or destroy value for multiple stakeholders, and that this value is best conceived in terms of increases and decreases in individual capabilities (social, psychological, economic, physiological and intellectual). Approaching entrepreneurial performance from a stakeholder capabilities lens has implications for how we view entrepreneurs’ impact on society, what we mean by the creation and destruction of “value,” and how we define failure and success in entrepreneurship.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Native Kidney Biopsies

Percutaneous kidney biopsy is a key procedure in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease but is being performed by nephrologists with decreasing frequency (1). Although it is a required component of subspecialty training in nephrology, exposure of trainees is often minimal. This results in fewer faculty with this skill, thereby accelerating this decline. The underlying reasons are manifold but stem in part from unfamiliarity with ultrasonography and availability of equipment. Consequently, biopsies are increasingly being performed in radiology departments, often under computed tomography guidance that results in unnecessary radiation exposure and cost because ultrasound guidance is sufficient in most patients (2,3). When performed by nephrologists, the biopsy is usually guided by a sonographer or radiologist, which complicates scheduling and is an inefficient use of manpower. With point-of-care sonography now widely available and increasingly being taught during medical school and residency, guidance of biopsies should no longer be an obstacle for nephrologists. Comprehensive training in sonography has been a component of the nephrology program at this institution for the past 25 years and has included guidance of percutaneous kidney biopsies. Over two decades ago, we reported a small series showing favorable success and complication rates for biopsies guided and performed entirely by nephrology faculty and trainees (4). We now report our experience with a much larger series of biopsies performed over a 22-year period. ### Patients This was a retrospective study in which a database of all kidney ultrasounds performed by the nephrology service at Emory University Hospital was searched for native kidney biopsies from July 1996 to September 2018. In addition to sonographic data, this database also contains information on the success rates. Additional information, including complications, was obtained on all biopsies since 2008 through review of the medical records. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board …
Structural balance in signed digraphs: considering transitivity to measure balance in graphs constructed by using different link signing methods.

Structural balance theory assumes triads in networks to gravitate towards stable configurations. The theory has been verified for undirected graphs. Since real-world networks are often directed, we introduce a novel method for considering both transitivity and sign consistency for calculating balance in signed digraphs. We test our approach on graphs that we constructed by using different methods for identifying edge signs: natural language processing to infer signs from underlying text data, and self-reported survey data. Our results show that for various social contexts and edge sign detection methods, balance is moderately high, ranging from 67.5% to 92.4%.
Donor-derived regulatory dendritic cell infusion results in host cell cross-dressing and T cell subset changes in prospective living donor liver transplant recipients.

Regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) promote transplant tolerance following their adoptive transfer in experimental animals. We investigated the feasibility, safety, fate, and impact on host T cells of donor monocyte-derived DCreg infused into prospective, living donor liver transplant patients, 7 days before transplantation. The DCreg expressed a tolerogenic gene transcriptional profile, high cell surface programed death ligand-1 (PD-L1):CD86 ratios, high IL-10/no IL-12 productivity and poor ability to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation. Target DCreg doses (range 2.5-10 × 106 cells/kg) were achieved in all but 1 of 15 recipients, with no infusion reactions. Following DCreg infusion, transiently elevated levels of donor HLA and immunoregulatory PD-L1, CD39, and CD73 were detected in circulating small extracellular vesicles. At the same time, flow and advanced image stream analysis revealed intact DCreg and "cross-dressing" of host DCs in blood and lymph nodes. PD-L1 co-localization with donor HLA was observed at higher levels than with recipient HLA. Between DCreg infusion and transplantation, T-bethi Eomeshi memory CD8+ T cells decreased, whereas regulatory (CD25hi CD127- Foxp3+ ): T-bethi Eomeshi CD8+ T cell ratios increased. Thus, donor-derived DCreg infusion may induce systemic changes in host antigen-presenting cells and T cells potentially conducive to modulated anti-donor immune reactivity at the time of transplant.
Retroperitoneal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma.

Objectives We aimed to test the hypothesis that in retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) the presence of the dedifferentiated (DD) component at the resection margin is associated with adverse outcome. Methods We retrospectively searched the archive for primary resections of retroperitoneal DDLS performed at our institution between 1990 and 2017. Slides were rereviewed for diagnosis, Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer grade, myogenic differentiation, and the presence of the well-differentiated (WD) or DD component at the resection margin. The medical records were reviewed for patient age, sex, tumor size, tumor focality, adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy, local recurrence, distant metastases, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), overall survival (OS), and follow-up duration. Results The presence of the DD component at the resection margin was associated with worse LRFS compared with cases without the DD component at the margin (P = .002). However, OS was not significantly affected (P = .11). Conclusions LRFS is significantly shorter in cases with the DD component at the margin compared with cases without DD tumor at the margin, while there is no association with OS. We recommend reporting the presence or absence of DD tumor at the margin in retroperitoneal DDLS, as it adds meaningful prognostic information.
Brain oxygen extraction fraction mapping in patients with multiple sclerosis

We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of whole brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping for measuring lesion specific and regional OEF abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In 22 MS patients and 11 healthy controls (HC), OEF and neural tissue susceptibility ( χ n ) maps were computed from MRI multi-echo gradient echo data. In MS patients, 80 chronic active lesions with hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility mapping were identified, and the mean OEF and χ n within the rim and core were compared using linear mixed-effect model analysis. The rim showed higher OEF and χ n than the core: relative to their adjacent normal appearing white matter, OEF contrast = -6.6 ± 7.0% vs. -9.8 ± 7.8% (p χ n contrast = 33.9 ± 20.3 ppb vs. 25.7 ± 20.5 ppb (p = 0.017). Between MS and HC, OEF and χ n were compared using a linear regression model in subject-based regions of interest. In the whole brain, compared to HC, MS had lower OEF, 30.4 ± 3.3% vs. 21.4 ± 4.4% (p χ n , -23.7 ± 7.0 ppb vs. -11.3 ± 7.7 ppb (p = 0.018). Our feasibility study suggests that OEF may serve as a useful quantitative marker of tissue oxygen utilization in MS.
Abstract #9: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in adult SD rat mammary gland reveals roles in hormone stimulation and involution

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer is controversial. While some studies indicate that there is an association between COX-2 expression, tumor status, and cancer prognosis, others have failed to detect a relationship between COX-2 and breast cancer. In addition, there is also disagreement regarding the utility of COX inhibitors as anti-cancer agents in breast cancer. Meta-analyses and case control studies have identified a potential reduction in breast cancer risk in women taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which non-selectively inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Prospective studies, however, have failed to support such a decrease in risk. To date, the data indicate that COX-2 may play a role in early stage disease rather than cancer progression. Surprisingly, the role of COX-2 in normal mammary gland biology is poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to examine the expression pattern of COX-2 in adult rats with different reproductive states, in order to gain insight into the potential role of COX-2 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for COX-2 expression in Sprague-Dawley rat mammary glands was performed using tissue from virgin, pregnant, lactating, actively involuting, and fully regressed glands. In addition, rats were stimulated with estrogen plus progesterone or estrogen alone to see if COX-2 is downstream of hormone stimulation in the mammary gland. By IHC, COX-2 was expressed in mammary epithelial cells at all stages of development, but was highest during pregnancy, as well as following treatment with estrogen plus progesterone and estrogen alone, indicating that COX-2 may be downstream of estrogen stimulation. The pattern of COX-2 expression also differed with reproductive state. In the pregnant gland, mammary epithelial cell COX-2 staining was cytoplasmic and diffuse, while in the lactating gland COX-2 appeared to be secreted into the lumen. During weaning-induced involution, the mammary epithelial staining patterned was vesicular, and appeared to co-localize with phagocyte epithelial cells. Strong COX-2 expression was also observed in a sub-set of immune cells. Based on these data, COX-2 functions in both the epithelial and stromal compartments of the normal gland. In mammary epithelium, COX-2 is upregulated during the process of alveolar proliferation experienced during pregnancy and with exogenous estrogen stimulation. Further, COX-2 may play a different role in the gland during lactation and involution. Given the complexity of COX-2 expression in the normal mammary gland, it is likely that the role of COX-2 in breast cancer initiation and progression may be stage and possibly breast cancer sub-type specific. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 9.
Microwave Properties of Cascaded Arbitrarily Oriented Metallic Gratings and of Gratings Cascaded with Lossy Dielectric Slabs

The theory of scattering matrices and microwave network analysis are employed to solve the problem of scattering from two cascaded infinite gratings with variable orientation at the second layer. The total reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated as functions of the angle of incidence, orientation of the second layer, distance of layer separation and grating size. Furthermore, the problem of cascading a grating with a lossy dielectric is formulated and solved. The Secant-Corrector Spectral Iteration method is used as a numerical technique for calculating the desired currents and fields. Finally, calculated values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented and compared with reported experimental and theoretical data.
Levetiracetam in the treatment of childhood epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurologic disorder that is difficult to manage in a substantial portion of children. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) that has recently been approved as add-on treatment for various seizure types in epilepsy populations that include children: for refractory partial seizures in epilepsy patients ≥4 years old, for myoclonic seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients ≥12 years old, and for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients (≥6 years old with FDA approval; ≥12 years old with EMEA approval). A review of published pediatric studies indicates that the efficacy of LEV is best established for partial seizures; however, results from recent double-blind and open-label trials indicate that adjunctive LEV also controls generalized seizures – particularly myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic – in children and adolescents with primary generalized epilepsy. LEV was well-tolerated in pediatric studies. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported were sedation related. Behavioral AEs were among the most commonly reported events in some trials; conversely, improvements in behavior and cognition were also frequently reported. LEV appears to be a safe and effective AED with unique characteristics that benefit the treatment of children with epilepsy.
Phenolphthalein induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro

Aneuploidy is a major cause of human reproductive failure and plays a large role in cancer. Phenolphthalein (PHT) induces tumors in rodents but its primary mechanism does not seem to be DNA damage. In heterozygous TSG-p53® mice, PHT induces lymphomas and also micronuclei (MN), many containing kinetochores (K), implying chromosome loss (aneuploidy). The induction of aneuploidy would be compatible with the loss of the normal p53 gene seen in the lymphomas. In this study, we confirm PHT's aneugenicity and determine the aneugenic mechanism of PHT by combining traditional genetic toxicology assays with image and flow cytometry methods. The data revealed that PHT induces tubulin polymerization abnormalities and deregulates the centrosome duplication cycle causing centrosome amplification. We also show that one of the consequences of these events is apoptosis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:308–316, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermomechanical Behavior of Advanced SiC Fiber Multifilament Tows

In order to relate single fiber behavior to multiple fiber behavior in composites, fast-fracture tensile strength, creep, and stress-rupture studies were conducted on advanced SiC fiber multifilament tows in the temperature range from 20 to 1400 C in air as well as in inert environments. For conditions of small fiber creep (short times and low temperatures), the tow results of this study confirm the ability of limited single fiber data to model the strength behavior of multiple fibers in a bundle. For conditions of high creep (long times and high temperatures), further studies are needed to explain tow rupture behavior being better than average single fiber behavior.
Distances between functional sites in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. Inter-Ianthanide energy transfer

The high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2++ Mg2+)-ATPase have been probed using trivalent lanthanide ions. Non-radiative energy-transfer studies, using luminescent probe Eu3+ as a donor and Nd3+ or Pr3+ as acceptor, were carried out to estimate the distance between two high-affinity Ca2+-binding/transport sites. Eu3+ was excited directly with pulsed laser light and the energy-transfer efficiency to Nd3+ or Pr3+ was measured, under the conditions in which most donor-acceptor pairs occupied the high-affinity Ca2+ sites. The distance between two high-affinity Ca2+ sites is about 0.89 nm. In the presence of ATP the distance between the high-affinity sites is about 0.855 nm, whereas in the presence of adenosine 5′-[β,γ-methylene]triphosphate or adenosine 5′-[β,γ-imino]triphosphate the distance is about 0.895 nm. To estimate the distance between the high-affinity Ca2+ sites and ATP-binding/hydrolytic site, we have measured the energy-transfer efficiency between Eu3- and Cr3+-ATP with Eu3+ at the high-affinity Ca2+ sites and Cr3+-ATP at the ATP-binding/hydrolytic site. Our results show that ATP-binding/hydrolytic site is separated by about 2.2 nm from each high-affinity Ca2+ site.
Explanation of systematics of CMS p+Pb high multiplicity dihadron data at √sNN=5.02 TeV

In a recent article [K. Dusling and R. Venugopalan, arXiv:1210.3890 [Phys. Rev. D (to be published)]], we showed that high multiplicity dihadron proton-proton ($\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$) data from the CMS experiment are in excellent agreement with computations in the color glass condensate effective field theory. This agreement of the theory with several hundred data points provides a nontrivial description of both nearside (``ridge'') and awayside azimuthal collimations of long range rapidity correlations in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ collisions. Our prediction in Dusling and Venugopalan [arXiv:1210.3890 [Phys. Rev. D (to be published)]] for proton-lead ($\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$) collisions is consistent with results from the recent CMS $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ run at ${\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ for the largest track multiplicity ${N}_{\mathrm{track}}\ensuremath{\sim}40$ we considered. The CMS $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ data shows the following striking features: (i) a strong dependence of the ridge yield on ${N}_{\mathrm{track}}$, with a significantly larger signal than in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ for the same ${N}_{\mathrm{track}}$, (ii) a stronger ${p}_{T}$ dependence than in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ for large ${N}_{\mathrm{track}}$, and (iii) a nearside collimation for large ${N}_{\mathrm{track}}$ comparable to the awayside for the lower ${p}_{T}={p}_{T}^{\mathrm{trig}}={p}_{T}^{\mathrm{assoc}}$ dihadron windows. We show here that these systematic features of the CMS $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ di-hadron data are all described by the color glass condensate (with parameters fixed by the $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}$ data) when we extend our prediction in Dusling and Venugopalan [arXiv:1210.3890 [Phys. Rev. D (to be published)]] to rarer high multiplicity events. We also predict the azimuthally collimated yield for yet unpublished windows in the ${p}_{T}^{\mathrm{trig}}$ and ${p}_{T}^{\mathrm{assoc}}$ matrix.
Reentrant pulse coupled neural networks (PCNNs)

The PCNN developed by Johnson (1993) are syntactic pattern transformers. Hence their outputs are quite similar over a wide variety of "distortions". We show that we can convert a PCNN into an attractor system which, away from boundaries, produces point attractor icons which are ideal inputs to statistical pattern processors. >
Decolonizing cultures in the Pacific : reading history and trauma in contemporary fiction

Table of Figures. Preface. Note on Pronunciation. Introduction: Toward a Decolonizing Reading Praxis. 'Messing with' Geography: Resiting the Local. Contexts and Comparisons. Decolonization and Cultural Practice. Beyond and Before Hybridity: Indigeneity, Place, and Multiple, Ongoing Colonization. Fictions of Traumatic History: Intertextuality and Decolonization. Unpacking the Disciplines and Recuperating the Popular, Everyday--A Method for Reading. 1. Trauma and the Construction of Race in Holt's Waimea Summer. Reclaiming a Violent Past: Contact and the 'Ethnographic Uncanny'. The Shape of History: Masking and Adultery. Gothic Novel or Traumatic Realism? 1. Kauikeaouli, Lono, and Pleasure 2. Pi'o Practices 3. Dispossession and the Mahele. Multiple Dialectics of Race and Gender 2. Recounting the Past, Telling New Futures: Albert Wendt's. Leaves of the Banyan Tree and the 'Tropical' Cure. Fanua and the Plantation System. Colonial Infantalization of Orators. O le Mau: Exile, Imprisonment, and Disease. Playing the Wild Card: Reclaiming Orality 3. "Fostering" a New Vision of Maori Community: Trauma, History, and Genealogy in Keri Hulme's the Bone People. Sexual Economy and the Land. Disciplining the Body: Penal Transportation and Evangelicism. New Genealogies out of the Old. Dismantling Discourses: Psychoanalysis, History, and the Novel 4. 'Talkin in Circles': Disrupting the Logic of Property in Pak's Watcher of Waipuna. Class Alliances against Development: Kalama and Waiahole-Waikane. Magic Realism and the Critique of Liberal Ideology. Marginalization and the Law. The Oral/Aural Logic of 'Talking Stink' 5. Making Pakeha History: Familial Resemblances in Jane Campion's "The Piano". Woman, Reproduction, and the Nation. Resemblances. Differences: History and the Fetish. Epilogue. Oppositional Reading: Decolonizing Praxis. Notes. Glossary. References. Index
Social Psychology from the Standpoint of a Structural Symbolic Interactionism: Toward an Interdisciplinary Social Psychology*

Publisher Summary Social psychology is ideology and relates to the way human beings are conceptualized. This chapter discusses the structural symbolic interactionaism and developments in the two social psychologies. The common developments and developments in psychological and sociological social psychology are reviewed in the chapter. The ultimate end of an interdisciplinary social psychology and the more immediate goals of maintaining contact and benefitting from one another obviously require that the separate social psychologies be open to mutual influence. There are two main social psychologies with important internal variants––one with a disciplinary base in psychology and the other in sociology. The attack on the theories and methods of contemporary sociological and psychological social psychology that asserts their ideological character follows closely from what has already been said about relevance. The social psychologies have, of course, been criticized from a variety of metatheoretical perspectives implying very different conceptions of human beings, of social interaction, and of society.
On proportional reinsurance with a linear transaction rate

We study a model of an insurance company whose surplus is represented by a pure diffusion. The company is allowed to buy proportional reinsurance and invest its surplus in a Black-Sholes financial market. Further, it is assumed that transaction cost rate of the reinsurance decreases linearly while the insurance company buys more reinsurance. We consider two optimization criteria - minimizing probability of ruin and maximizing expected exponential utility of terminal wealth for a fixed time. Corre- sponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations are analyzed; consequently we find explicit expressions of the minimal ruin probability, maximal expected terminal utility, and their associated optimal reinsurance-investment strategies via various param- eter conditions. We observe from the explicit results that for some special parameter cases, the optimal investment-reinsurance strategies coincide under the two optimization criteria; i.e., Ferguson's longstanding conjecture on the relation between the two problems holds.
Structure in The Gas and Magnetic Field in S106

BIMA molecular-line observations show evidence for an expanding molecular ring around IRS 4, a newly formed massive star at the center of the bipolar nebula S106. VLA observations of the Zeeman effect in the OH 1665 MHz line show that the magnetic field strength is about 1 mG and that it reverses direction from one lobe of the bipolar nebula to the other.
Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class – By Keith David Watenpaugh

This is an original study that should be of great interest both to historians of the Middle East and to scholars working on the evolution of “modern” lifestyles and modes of expression globally. Ba...
PSEUDOMONAS CEPACIA BACTEREMIA IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Top of pageAbstract Although pulmonary involvement caused by P. aeruginosa (PA) infections accounts for most of the morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), exacerbations characteristically lack the classic signs of infection. Recently, the incidence of other gram negative nonfermentors has increased, and approximately 17% of the CF patients at this center are colonized by P. cepacia (PC). We report here four female CF patients with previously only mild pulmonary involvement, who developed rapidly progressive fatal PC infection, characterized by spiking fever, leukocytosis, and bacteremia. These patients demonstrated a dramatic fulminant course with PC rather than the chronic deterioration more frequently associated with PA infections. In three of the patients the interval between colonization and death was 7 weeks or less. Colonization in one instance was probably hospital-associated. Treatment with aminoglycosides and ureidopenicillins was ineffective; ceftazidime offered temporary clinical improvement. Female CF patients, especially after puberty, appear at greater risk for PC infections than males. PC is usually an environmental commensal, but appears to have increased virulence in CF patients through as yet undefined mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware of PC as a new significant pathogen in CF. Investigations of altered host response, nosocomial spread, and selection due to antibiotic pressure should be addressed.
Relaxed Derivatives and Extremality Conditions in Optimal Control

In previous work dating back to the early 1970’s F.H. Clarke and the author had independently derived necessary conditions for minimum including a maximum principle for optimal control problems defined by ordinary differential equations in which the right hand side f(t,·, r) and functions defining side conditions are Lipschitz continuous in their dependence on the state variable. Our results, though not the methods, were similar in the formulation of the maximum principle in which the nonexisting derivative fv(t, v, σ) was replaced by an unknown element of Clarke’s generalized Jacobian but differed in handling some side conditions. In the present paper we exhibit a maximum principle in which the dual variables and the related functions are limits of appropriate subsequences of computable sequences.
Chiari network entrapment of thromboemboli: congenital inferior vena cava filter.

Abstract Pulmonary emboli and a right atrial thrombus enmeshed in a Chiari network developed concurrently in a 69-year-old man. The network perhaps functioned as an inferior vena cava filter preventing massive pulmonary embolus. Chiari network should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a right atrial mass and the present of pulmonary emboli should suggest surgical removal.
Symmetry properties in a two-stream electrostatic instability

A double stream consisting of immobile ions and mobile electrons which is partly drifting and partly stationary is considered. Certain symmetry properties of the dispersion relation of the longitudinal plasma wave having its wave vector parallel to the direction of the electron stream are discussed. These symmetry properties enable the results for a particular value of the relative number density of the streaming electrons to be deduced from the corresponding results for the same value of the relative number density for the stationary electrons.
Ethnic Preferences and Residential Segregation: Theoretical Explorations Beyond Detroit

We are strongly supportive of Fossett's theoretical approach and modeling methodology, which uses computational methods to perform thought experiments that generate compelling insights into the enigma of persistent residential segregation in the U.S. We also agree with his theoretical results, which challenge the prevailing view among demographers that institutional discrimination is the essential cause. However, we think he did not go far enough. Fossett limited his analysis to a narrow region of the parameter space that corresponded to conditions observed in one city at one time. This precludes generalization to other times and places and exploration of theoretically motivated “what if” scenarios that trespass beyond the Detroit city limits. When we extended the parameter space, we noticed two interesting results. First, Fossett's “paradox of weak minority preferences” requires qualification. Disproportionate in-group preferences among minorities are indeed segregation-promoting, not integration-promoti...
Improving preemptive transplant education to increase living donation rates: reaching patients earlier in their disease adjustment process.

Patients who receive a preemptive kidney transplant before starting dialysis avoid the medical complications related to dialysis and have the highest graft success and lowest mortality rates. Because only 2.5% of incident patients receive kidney transplants preemptively, improved psychosocial education may assist more patients in accessing preemptive transplant. This article outlines (1) unique psychosocial issues affecting patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 (glomerular filtration rates >20 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and (2) how an educational program about preemptive living donor transplant should be designed and administered to increase access to this treatment option. Early referral patients may be overwhelmed in coping with and learning about their disease and, therefore, not ready to make a treatment decision, or they may be highly motivated to obtain a transplant to avoid dialysis and return to a normal life. An education program that defines the quality-of-life and health benefits possible with ...