cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Gout With Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Background Epidemiological studies demonstrating a relationship between gout and cardiovascular disease are older and predate modern cardiovascular preventive therapy. We assessed the contemporary ...
Evaluating the Rate of Upgrade to Invasive Breast Cancer and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Following a Core Biopsy Diagnosis of Non-classic Lobular Carcinoma In Situ.

A diagnosis of non-classic lobular carcinoma in situ (NC-LCIS) encompasses a variety of lesions with poorly characterized natural history. We evaluated upgrade rates and factors associated with upgrade to malignancy following a core biopsy diagnosis of NC-LCIS, and its natural history. Upon Institutional Review Board approval, pathology databases were searched for NC-LCIS core biopsy diagnoses (carcinoma in situ [CIS], CIS with ductal and lobular features [CIS/DLF], pleomorphic LCIS [P-LCIS], variant LCIS [V-LCIS], LCIS with necrosis). Cases with available core and excision pathology were included, while cases with concurrent ipsilateral invasive carcinoma (IC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and/or atypical ductal hyperplasia were excluded. Overall, 121 NC-LCIS cases were identified from 1998 to 2017. We excluded 46 cases with concurrent cancer; 75 patients with 76 NC-LCIS core biopsy diagnoses followed by excision formed our study cohort. Median age was 56 years (range 41–83), and all imaging findings were classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4; calcifications were the most common biopsy indication (80%). Excision yielded malignancy in 27 (36%) patients (IC 17, 63%; DCIS alone 10, 37%). We were unable to identify radiologic or pathologic features predictive of upgrade. Of 49 pure NC-LCIS cases, 15 (31%) had mastectomy, 9 (18%) had excision and radiation, and 25 (51%) had excision alone. At a median follow-up of 58 months (range 1–224), 1/25 (4%) patients with excision alone developed ipsilateral DCIS 14 months later. In this series of NC-LCIS, 36% of cases were upgraded, supporting routine excision. We were unable to identify predictors of upgrade. Among 25 patients with pure NC-LCIS, only one patient developed a future ipsilateral cancer. Further study of the natural history of NC-LCIS is warranted.
A dyadic brain model of ape gestural learning, production and representation

It has been argued that variation in gesture usage among apes is influenced either by differential sampling of an innate 'gesture space' (Hobaiter and Byrne in Anim Cogn 14:745-767, 2011) or through the 'mutual shaping of behavior' (Halina et al. in Anim Cogn 16(4):653-666, 2013) referred to as ontogenetic ritualization. In either case, learning must play some role in how individuals come to use particular gestures-either through reinforcement within the set of innately specified gestures, or through the ritualization of some action following periods of direct interaction between pairs of individuals. Building on a prior computational model detailing learning during ontogenetic ritualization (Arbib et al. in Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369(1644):20130414, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0414 ), we here present a single integrative dyadic brain model (simulating selected brain and body dynamics of two interacting apes) that can account for many observed gestural patterns, while additionally showing that both of the claimed paths toward competent gestural performance are predicated on social influences-even the usage of inherited gestures demands learning about others' behaviors.
Cultural Humility as a Spiritually Focused Intervention in Correctional Settings: The Role of Therapists’ Multicultural Orientation:

The role of religion/spirituality (R/S) in the lives of incarcerated individuals is complex. Inmates may draw on R/S as a coping strategy, as a way to place responsibility, or as an approach to cre...
Toward a Synergistic Model for Improving the Use of Research in Court-Driven Educational Reform: Examining "Gary B. v. Snyder" and Literacy Improvement in Detroit.

Gary B. v. Snyder, a federal class action lawsuit originally filed in September 2016, is one of the most recent and high-profile entrants into the line of cases involving large-scale education refo...
Visually scaling distance from memory: do visible midline boundaries make a difference?

We examined how 4- to 5-year-old children and adults use perceptual structure (visible midline boundaries) to visually scale distance. Participants completed scaling and no scaling tasks using lear...
Intelligent and Flexible Bandwidth Scheduling for Data Transfers in Dedicated High-Performance Networks

High-demanding transfers of extremely large amounts of data have been increasingly supported by the bandwidth reservation services in dedicated high-performance networks (HPNs). To use the bandwidth reservation service, a user needs to initialize a bandwidth reservation request (BRR) containing parameters and requirements of the bandwidth reservation or data transfer, such as the time interval. Upon receiving one BRR, existing researches and bandwidth reservation service providers return either the best-case bandwidth reservation (BR) or a reject message if not all the BRR requirements can be satisfied. In this paper, we study the intelligent and flexible bandwidth scheduling of two common types of BRRs: direct bandwidth reservation and indirect bandwidth reservation (data transfer). When not all the requirements of the first type can be satisfied, instead of a direct reject message, we identify and return two alternative BRs made within the closest time intervals before and after the user-specified time interval; for the second type, besides the above two alternative BRs, we also identify and return the alternative BR made within the closest time interval crossing the user-specified time interval. For each problem, we design a flexible bandwidth scheduling algorithm with rigorous optimality proofs to compute both the best-case and alternative BRs. For comparison, we also design two heuristic algorithms adapted from existing bandwidth scheduling algorithms. We then conduct extensive simulations to compare their overall performance, and the simulation results show that the proposed optimal algorithms have superior performance to those in comparison. To the best of our knowledge, our work in this paper is among the first to study intelligent and adaptive bandwidth scheduling with alternative BRs in HPNs.
Experimental Research on Oil-paper Insulation Performance within Wide Temperature Band

This paper addresses the performance of oilpaper insulation, which is designed for transformer, within a wide temperature band. In this investigation, the main dielectric parameters of insulating oil and oil-impregnated paper under a wide temperature range (−60 ∼25°C) are studied via the experimental analysing. The main parameters of relative dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and resistivity of oil and oil-impregnated paper are addressed. The variation of those parameters with different moisture content at −60 ∼25°C are obtained. The test results show that the dielectric parameters is changing non-linearly with operating temperature, and it has of the comparatively weak insulation performance between −10°C to 0 °C, which should be paid attention to while applied in transformer.
Abstract P356: Wernicke’s Vertical Occipital Fasciculus in Post-Stroke Reading

Introduction: The vertical-occipital fasciculus (VOF), which was initially described by Wernicke more than a century ago but recently rediscovered, connects visual association cortices to the poste...
Medical Student Perception of Lifestyle Medicine and Willingness to Engage in Lifestyle Counseling: A Pilot Study of Allopathic and Osteopathic Medical Students

Introduction. This study assessed medical students’ perception of lifestyle medicine and readiness to engage in lifestyle counseling. Methods. All medical students in one allopathic and one osteopa...
Effects of cathode doping on 3D printed continuous carbon fiber structural battery composites by UV-assisted coextrusion deposition:

Structural battery composites are capable of significant system level mass and volume reductions not possible with separate battery and structural components by simultaneously carrying mechanical l...
“Want to hear my story?” Developing Latino children’s written narratives through culturally relevant family photographs

Research supports the importance of developing early literacy skills through culturally relevant activities and school/home partnerships as essential ingredients in high quality early learning environments (Bentley & Souto-Manning, 2019; Gay, 2000). Educators, however, frequently dismiss the significance of honoring a child’s first language, family, and culture when developing early literacy skills (Purcell-Gates, Melzi, Najafi, & Orellana, 2011). Integrating children’s linguistic and cultural understandings, however, is valuable and meaningful for their academic success and overall development (Gonzalez, Moll, & Amanti, 2005). The purpose of this study was to explore children’s narratives as a culturally relevant practice that promotes early writing. Using student data from a prekindergarten dual language classroom, we found that using family pictures from home provided multiple iterations of children’s stories and demonstrated how Latino families’ cultural experiences are significant for the development of children’s emergent writing development. Implications for practice are discussed.
Realizing the vision of the Lancet Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21st Century: Transforming medical education through the Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium

In the last two decades, prompted by the anticipated arrival of the 21st Century and on the centenary of the publication of the Flexner Report, many in medical education called for change to address the expanding chasm between the requirements of the health care system and the educational systems producing the health care workforce. Calls were uniform. Curricular content was missing. There was a mismatch in where people trained and where they were needed to practice, legacy approaches to pedagogical methods that needed to be challenged, an imbalance in diversity of trainees, and a lack of research on educational outcomes, resulting in a workforce that was described as ill-equipped to provide health care in the current and future environment. The Lancet Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21st Century published a widely acclaimed report in 2010 that called for a complete and authoritative re-examination of health professional education. This paper describes the innovations of the American Medical Association Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium schools as they relate to the recommendations of the Lancet Commission. We outline the successes, challenges, and lessons learned in working to deeply reform medical education.
Dantrolene-induced inhibition of skeletal L-type Ca2+ current requires RyR1 expression.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder most often linked to mutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) or the skeletal L-type Ca2+ channel (CaV1.1). The only effective treatment for an MH crisis is administration of the hydantoin derivative Dantrolene. In addition to reducing voltage induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Dantrolene was recently found to inhibit L-type currents in developing myotubes by shifting the voltage-dependence of CaV1.1 channel activation to more depolarizing potentials. Thus, the purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the mechanism of Dantrolene-induced inhibition of CaV1.1. A mechanism involving a general depression of plasma membrane excitability was excluded because the biophysical properties of skeletal muscle Na+ current in normal mouse myotubes were largely unaffected by exposure to Dantrolene. However, a role for RyR1 was evident as Dantrolene failed to alter the amplitude, voltage dependence and inactivation kinetics of L-type currents recorded from dyspedic (RyR1 null) myotubes. Taken together, these results suggest that the mechanism of Dantrolene-induced inhibition of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ current is related to altered communication between CaV1.1 and RyR1.
Gross production exceeds gross consumption of methyl halides in northern California salt marshes

[1] Coastal salt marshes are sources of CH3Br and CH3Cl to the atmosphere, but the wide range of reported emission rates illustrates the need to understand better the factors controlling net fluxes. Here we demonstrate the use of a stable isotope tracer method to separately evaluate gross production and consumption fluxes to determine their relative roles in the overall net flux. At two salt marshes in northern California, gross production exceeds gross consumption at all measured sites, leading to a large net source overall. Emission rates are within the range observed at other temperate salt marshes. By evaluating the consumption component separately, we explain how a typical salt marsh source might convert into a temporary net sink by exposing the ecosystem to uncharacteristically high concentrations of methyl halides. This circumstance may account for the reported net uptake of methyl chloride during the growing season at a coastal salt marsh in China.
Silicon Device Processing

The sections in this article are Introduction Gettering Intrinsic Gettering Gettering by Hydrogen Annealing Device Isolation LOCOS-Based Isolation Advanced Isolation Techniques Silicon-on-Insulator Gate Dielectrics Preoxidation Cleaning Process Dependence of Gate Oxide Quality Chemically Modified Gate Oxides CVD and Stacked Oxides Shallow Junction Formation Ion Implantation Advanced Techniques for p+-n Junction Formation Diffusion from Doped Deposited Layers Gas Immersion Laser Doping Gas Phase Diffusion Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Metallization Gate Electrodes Contacts Interconnections Planarization for Multilevel Interconnections Cluster Tool Technology Advantages Rapid Thermal Processing In Situ Dry Cleaning Interface Engineering Gate Stack of Oxide and Oxynitride Deposition of DRAM Storage Dielectrics Selective Deposition Processes Ultra-Shallow Junction Formation Integrated CMOS Processing Based on RTP GexSi1−x/Si Heteroepitaxy by RT-CVD Single-Wafer Integrated Processing
Semi-analytical static nonlinear structural sensitivity analysis

The paper discusses two uses of the semianalytical methods for nonlinear sensitivity analysis. First, the application to noncritical response is analyzed. It is shown that the semianalytical method is equivalent to a particular form of the overall finite difference approach. It is concluded that the difference between overall finite differences and the semianalytical approach is blurred for the case of nonlinear static response. Next, the application of the semianalytical method to calculating sensitivities of limit loads is discussed. A formulation that is easy to implement in general purpose finite element programs is derived. Three examples are used to demonstrate the application of the formulation and to explore its accuracy.
Adsorption and catalytic properties of Pd/SiO2, Cu/SiO2, and Pd-Cu/SiO2 systems : I. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and oxygen adsorption on Pd/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2

Abstract Cu(NO 3 ) 2 was added to samples of 1.23% Pd/SiO 2 and 2.48% Pd/SiO 2 to give copper metal fractions of 0.26, 0.41, 0.58 and 0.42, 0.59, 0.75, respectively, in these two families of catalysts. The adsorption behavior of these Pd-Cu/SiO 2 samples could be quite reasonably explained by assuming that the amount of copper contacting the palladium was proportional to the loading. The surface copper atoms decreased the adsorption of hydrogen atoms and carbon monoxide molecules at 300 K on a 1:1 (single-site) basis but the adsorption of oxygen at 143 K on a site-pair basis. With the family of catalysts containing 2.48% Pd, the larger amounts of copper gave behavior very close to that expected for uniform mixing, although a small amount of a copper-rich phase was detected by X-ray diffraction. With the family containing 1.23% Pd, a somewhat larger fraction of the copper remained separate from the palladium, presumably due to stabilization on certain sites on the silica; consequently, this resulted in lower than expected copper surface coverages on palladium and higher chemisorption capacity. The amount of reversibly adsorbed hydrogen on surface copper atoms relative to irreversibly adsorbed hydrogen atoms on palladium atoms increased with copper contact, indicating that additional hydrogen adsorption on copper can occur from hydrogen atoms activated on the palladium, but it is readily removed by evacuation. During carbon monoxide hydrogenation over these catalysts, significant changes in crystallite size and surface composition were observed as sintering occurred.
A Selective Decrease of Collagen Peptide Synthesis by Dermal Polysomes Isolated from Glucocorticoid-Treated Newborn Rats

Polysomes were isolated from the dermis of control newborn rats treated with various pharmacological doses of triamcinolone diacetate and allowed to incorporate radioactive proline into collagen and noncollagen protein in the wheat germ lysate system. Proline incorporation into collagen and noncollagen protein was linearly related to the A260 unit of polysomes added to the lysate system. Proline incorporation into collagen and noncollagen was maximal at 4.6 mM magnesium acetate, 155 mM potassium chloride, 0.017 mM amino acids and 40 µg protein of the wheat germ extract. Proline incorporation into collagen and noncollagen protein was dependent on the presence of amino acids, polysomes, adenosine triphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium and wheat germ extract. Polysomes isolated form glucocorticoid-treated rats incorporated less proline into collagen as compared to proline incorporation into noncollagen protein, indicating a selective decrease of collagen synthesis, although proline incorporation into noncollagen protein was also decreased. This selective decrease of collagen synthesis was dose dependent. Significant inhibition of collagen synthesis was observed at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition of collagen synthesis was observed at a dose of 12 mg/kg. This selective decrease in collagen synthesis was also dependent on the number of daily injections of glucocorticoid. A selective decrease of collagen synthesis was observed six hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of 12 mg/kg triamcinolone diacetate. After three daily injections of drug at this dose (12 mg/kg), the inhibitory effect on noncollagen and collagen syntheses was doubled. Since amino acids are not rate limiting in this protein synthesizing system in vitro, the glucocorticoid-mediated selective decrease of collagen synthesis in skin does not result from an inhibition of amino acid uptake.
RPT: re-architecting loss protection for content-aware networks

We revisit the design of redundancy-based loss protection schemes in light of recent advances in content-aware networking. Content-aware networks minimizes the overhead of redundancy, if the redundancy is introduced in a way that the network can understand. With this insight, we propose a new loss protection scheme called redundant packet transmission (RPT). Using redundant video streaming as an example, we show that our approach, unlike FEC in traditional networks, provides low latency with high robustness and is insensitive to parameter selection. We tackle practical issues such as minimizing the impact on other traffic and the network. We show that RPT provides a simple and general mechanism for application-specific control and flow prioritization.
Developing hospital admission criteria for electronic pneumonia decision support

RATIONALE: Severity assessment tools that use objective data available in the electronic medical record to predict mortality include CURB-65, eCURB (an electronic version of CURB-65 using continuous variables), and A-DROP. We developed an electronic decision support tool for the emergency department that recommends admission for patients with 1) eCURB 30-day mortality estimate ≥ 5% 2) ≥3 severe community acquired pneumonia criteria (2007 IDSA/ATS), or 3) PaO2:FiO2 ratio ≥280. Our aim was to compare the tool9s admission rule to the mortality predictors. METHODS: We identified pneumonia patients by ICD-9 code plus radiograph in 7 emergency departments Dec 1, 2009-Dec 1, 2010. We extracted initial clinical features, triage information and mortality from the electronic medical record; physician review identified multilobar infiltrates from radiograph reports. Simple agreement with hospital triage (outpatient versus inpatient) and mortality were compared. RESULTS: 57% of all patients were admitted (54% CAP and 76% HCAP) with a 30-day mortality of 5.5% (3.5% CAP, 17% HCAP). Table shows simple agreement with triage and mortality. While the actual admission rate was 57% with 13 outpatient deaths, the admission rule would have resulted in a 48% admission rate with 9 outpatient deaths. CONCLUSION: The tool9s admission rule agreed acceptably with observed triage and might lower admission rate with improved patient safety.
PATTERNS OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HOARDING DISORDER

Objectives The cognitive characteristics of individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) are not well understood. Existing studies are relatively few and somewhat inconsistent but suggest that individuals with HD may have specific dysfunction in the cognitive domains of categorization, speed of information processing, and decision making. However, there have been no studies evaluating the degree to which cognitive dysfunction in these domains reflects clinically significant cognitive impairment (CI). Methods Participants included 78 individuals who met DSM-V criteria for HD and 70 age- and education-matched controls. Cognitive performance on measures of memory, attention, information processing speed, abstract reasoning, visuospatial processing, decision making, and categorization ability was evaluated for each participant. Rates of clinical impairment for each measure were compared, as were age- and education-corrected raw scores for each cognitive test. Results HD participants showed greater incidence of CI on measures of visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization relative to controls. Raw-score comparisons between groups showed similar results with HD participants showing lower raw-score performance on each of these measures. In addition, in raw-score comparisons HD participants also demonstrated relative strengths compared to control participants on measures of verbal and visual abstract reasoning. Conclusions These results suggest that HD is associated with a pattern of clinically significant CI in some visually mediated neurocognitive processes including visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization. Additionally, these results suggest HD individuals may also exhibit relative strengths, perhaps compensatory, in abstract reasoning in both verbal and visual domains.
Hibernation patterns of Turkish hamsters: influence of sex and ambient temperature

Turkish hamsters (Mesocricetus brandti) are a model organism for studies of hibernation, yet a detailed account of their torpor characteristics has not been undertaken. This study employed continuous telemetric monitoring of body temperature (T(b)) in hibernating male and female Turkish hamsters at ambient temperatures (T(a)s) of 5 and 13 °C to precisely characterize torpor bout depth, duration, and frequency, as well as rates of entry into and arousal from torpor. Hamsters generated brief intervals of short ( 20 °C), followed by deep torpor bouts lasting 4-6 days at T(a) = 5 °C and 2-3 days at T(a) = 13 °C. Females at T(a) = 5 °C had longer bouts than males, but maintained higher torpor T(b); there were no sex differences at T(a) = 13 °C. Neither body mass loss nor food intake differed between the two T(a)s. Hamsters entered torpor primarily during the scotophase (subjective night), but timing of arousals was highly variable. Hamsters at both T (a)s generated short, shallow torpor bouts between deep bouts, suggesting that this species may be capable of both hibernation and daily torpor.
An experimental evaluation of diversity indices as environmental discriminators

Seven diversity indices were calculated for each of fifty-eight microcosm communities. All fifty-eight communities were initiated from equal density inoculations of fourteen algal species. Each microcosm developed in one of six controlled experimental environments; the environments differing only in their temporal patterns of disturbance. Five linear discriminating techniques were used to evaluate the diversity index most useful for discriminating between these environments. The Shannon-Wiener index was best according to two of the discriminating methodologies and second best using the other techniques. Evenness was best when the Shannon-Wiener index was second best and vice versa.
Land‐Use Allocation in the Absence of Complete Market Values

This paper describes a method of land-allocation that can be used byplanners and other land managers in the face of market failure. The method integrates theland-allocation approach used in geographic information systems with that used in a generalizedassignment problem. Suitability scores, instead of market prices, are used in assigning competingland uses to individual parcels (pixels) of land. The method is illustrated using a hypotheticalexample involving three competing land uses within a region.
Vegetation and surface roughness effects on AMSR-E land observations

Characteristics of the land surface including soil moisture, vegetation cover, and soil roughness among others influence the microwave emissivity and brightness temperature of the surface as observed from space. Knowledge of the variability of microwave signatures of vegetation and soil roughness is necessary to separate these influences from those of soil moisture for remote sensing applications to global hydrology and climate. We describe here a characterization of vegetation and soil roughness at the frequencies and spatial resolution of the EOS Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E). A single parameter has been used to approximate the combined effects of vegetation and roughness. AMSR-E data have been analyzed to determine the frequency dependence of this parameter and to generate a global vegetation/roughness map and an estimate of seasonal variability. A physical model is used for the analysis with approximations appropriate to the AMSR-E footprint scale and coefficients calibrated empirically against the AMSR-E data. The spatial variabilities of roughness and vegetation cannot be estimated independently using this approach, but their temporal dynamics allow separation of predominantly static roughness effects from time-varying vegetation effects using multitemporal analysis. Global signals of time-varying vegetation water content derived from this analysis of AMSR-E data are consistent with time-varying biomass estimates obtained by optical/infrared remote sensing techniques.
Colonization as Exploitation in the Amazon Rain Forest, 1758–1911 . By Robin L. Anderson. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1999. Pp. x, 187. $49.95.

Studies of the social and economic history of the Amazon are few and far between, and long-term studies that attempt to link the history of the colonial and post-colonial periods are especially unusual. The demands of academic careers make it difficult for many scholars to undertake the time-consuming research required to produce a book covering such long time spans in a serious way, especially since the “long” nineteenth century saw three different political regimes in Brazil: colonial, imperial, and republican. Moreover, the isolation of the Amazon, the conditions of its archives and documentary collections, and its lack of a well-developed historiography further complicate efforts to study this vast region. Thus, Robin L. Anderson has undertaken an especially difficult task writing a book on the settlement of the Amazon from 1758 to 1911.
Salvage or planned esophagectomy after chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer – a review

Definitive chemoradiation (without esophagectomy) and neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by planned esophagectomy are commonly used treatments for locally advanced esophageal cancer. These two treatment strategies have similar survival outcomes, so the value of planned esophagectomy is debated. However, persistence or recurrence of local disease is not uncommon after definitive chemoradiation. Salvage esophagectomy for isolated local failures of definitive chemoradiation is an option for selected patients. In this article we review the debate over definitive chemoradiation versus neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery, and then restate the argument in terms of salvage versus planned esophagectomy. Although both forms of esophagectomy are done in the setting of previous chemoradiation, they are different in several ways. Salvage esophagectomy appears to be a more morbid operation than planned esophagectomy. Surgeons supportive of the salvage esophagectomy strategy face the challenge of reducing its postoperative mortality.
A Feature Space Rule-Based Optical Relational Graph Processor

A rule-based optical symbolic and inference processor concept using a relational graph is described. The architecture and its design are discussed and detailed for one example. The system uses a Fourier/polar/Mellin/Fourier transform representation space and the case studies addressed involve aircraft identification and classification. However, the basic rule-based optical-inference relational graph processor concept and architecture are quite general purpose.
Foxo1 integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial function in the liver

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease that is marked by the dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism. Hepatic insulin resistance is especially pathogenic in type 2 diabetes, as it dysregulates fasting and postprandial glucose tolerance and promotes systemic dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with insulin resistance and might contribute to the progression of diabetes. Here we used previously generated mice with hepatic insulin resistance owing to the deletion of the genes encoding insulin receptor substrate-1 (Irs-1) and Irs-2 (referred to here as double-knockout (DKO) mice) to establish the molecular link between dysregulated insulin action and mitochondrial function. The expression of several forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) target genes increased in the DKO liver, including heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1), which disrupts complex III and IV of the respiratory chain and lowers the NAD(+)/NADH ratio and ATP production. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (Ppargc-1alpha) was also upregulated in DKO liver, it was acetylated and failed to promote compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis or function. Deletion of hepatic Foxo1 in DKO liver normalized the expression of Hmox1 and the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, reduced Ppargc-1alpha acetylation and restored mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and biogenesis. Thus, Foxo1 integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial function, and inhibition of Foxo1 can improve hepatic metabolism during insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
Gi2-mediated activation of the MAP kinase cascade.

Abstract The Gi class of heterotrimeric G proteins has been implicated in transmitting mitogenic signals from a variety of seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In addition, the alpha subunit of Gi2 (alpha i2) is oncogenic when mutated to a constitutively active form (gip2). The mechanism by which Gi2 stimulates cellular proliferation is unknown, but is believed to involve activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. To study Gi2 activation of the cascade, we transiently expressed a mutant, pertussis toxin (PTX)-resistant alpha i2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. After PTX treatment of these cells, Gi-coupled receptors specifically activated PTX-resistant Gi2 without activating other Gi proteins. Receptor-mediated activation of Gi2 led to activation of MAPK and its upstream activator, MAPK/ERK-activating kinase (MEK). Activation of MAPK and MEK by Gi2 was blocked by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Ras. Gi2 activation did not, however, detectably increase the proportion of Ras protein in the GTP-bound form. Additional experiments suggest that Gi2 stimulates the MAPK pathway, at least in part, by mechanisms that involve release of its beta gamma subunit, as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase.
Conformal Duality and Compact Complex Surfaces

On etudie les structures demi-conformement plates sur une variete de Riemann a 4 dimensions (M, g) avec l'hypothese supplementaire que M est complexe
From nanocomposite to nanogel polymer electrolytes

This review discusses recent advances in polymer electrolyte nanocomposites. In particular, we highlight our recent understanding on the structure and dynamics at the polymer/nanoparticle interface and attempt to correlate to macroscopic properties. We also discuss our current effort on nanogel electrolytes synthesized by incorporating layered nanoparticles into a gel. The nanogel electrolytes combine the high ambient conductivity of conventional gel electrolytes with the excellent stability toward the metal electrode and the good mechanical properties of nanocomposite electrolytes.
Contact Lists and Youth

This paper explores the nature of networked contact lists in an emerging new media ecology as they relate to a population of 10 American pre-teens and teens (9–15). Mobile, gaming, and Web 2.0 services are contributing to a shift in the role of the contact list from a static visualization of a database to an active communication tool and the site of sociality. We draw in material from ethnographic research illustrating contact lists as dynamic sites for social activity, existing across multiple media channels, which evolve in time with an individual user. We then describe how contact list use by American youth (9 – 15) produces new understandings of accessibility, sociality, and visibility within the scope of personal relationships, mobility, and play in everyday life. We conclude with how we are informing corporate strategy on youth marketing and new product development.
A predictor-corrector method for solving the P*(k)-matrix lcp from infeasible starting points

A predictor-corrector method for solving the P*(k)-matrix linear complementarity problems from infeasible starting points is analyzed. Two matrix factorizations and two backsolves are performed at each iteration. The algorithm terminates in O((k+1)2 nL) steps either by finding a solution or by deteirmning that the problem is not solvable. The computational complexity depends on the quality of the starting points. If the problem is solvable and if a certain measure of feasibility at the starting point is small enough then the algorithm finds a solution in iterations. The algorithm is quadratically convergent for problems having a strictly complementary solution
Omega-3 fatty acid-derived resolvins and protectins in inflammation resolution and leukocyte functions: targeting novel lipid mediator pathways in mitigation of acute kidney injury

Inflammation, in conjunction with leukocytes, plays a key role in most acute kidney injury (AKI). Non-resolving renal inflammation leads to chronic fibrosis and renal failure. Resolvin D series (RvDs) and E series (RvEs), protectins, and maresins (MaRs) are endogenous omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators (LMs) that potently promote inflammation resolution by shortening neutrophil life span and promoting macrophage (Mf) non-phelogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the subsequent exit of Mfs from inflammatory tissue. 14S,21R-dihydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14S,21R-diHDHA), a Mf-produced autacrine, reprograms Mfs to rescue vascular endothelia. RvD1, RvE1, or 14S,21R-diHDHA also switches Mfs to the phenotype that produces pro-resolving interleukin-10. RvDs or protectin/neuroprotectin D1 (PD1/NPD1) inhibits neutrophil infiltration into injured kidneys, blocks toll-like receptor -mediated inflammatory activation of Mfs and mitigates renal functions. RvDs also repress renal interstitial fibrosis, and PD1 promotes renoprotective heme-oxygenase-1 expression. These findings provide novel approaches for targeting inflammation resolution and LMs or modulation of LM-associated pathways for developing better clinical treatments for AKI.
RECIPROCATING ENGINE COMBUSTION RESEARCH NEEDS

A discussion of reciprocating engine combustion research needs is presented. Results of a survey ranking 31 specific research topics are also given. The twenty-three respondents gave the five highest grades to: particulate formation and oxidation mechanisms, high temperature ring friction, end gas heat transfer and high pressure transient fuel spray studies.
Nuclear receptor co-repressors are required for the histone-deacetylase activity of HDAC3 in vivo

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is an epigenome-modifying enzyme that is required for normal mouse development and tissue-specific functions. In vitro, HDAC3 protein itself has minimal enzyme activity but gains its histone-deacetylation function from stable association with the conserved deacetylase-activating domain (DAD) contained in nuclear receptor co-repressors NCOR1 and SMRT. Here we show that HDAC3 enzyme activity is undetectable in mice bearing point mutations in the DAD of both NCOR1 and SMRT (NS-DADm), despite having normal levels of HDAC3 protein. Local histone acetylation is increased, and genomic HDAC3 recruitment is reduced though not abrogated. Notably, NS-DADm mice are born and live to adulthood, whereas genetic deletion of HDAC3 is embryonic lethal. These findings demonstrate that nuclear receptor co-repressors are required for HDAC3 enzyme activity in vivo and suggest that a deacetylase-independent function of HDAC3 may be required for life.
Validation of the TOSCA to measure shame and guilt

A college student sample (190 females, 148 males) was administered the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), which yields scales for shame and guilt. Subjects were also measured on perceived parenting, personality dimensions, religiosity, and psychological adjustment. There was some evidence that parental overprotection was associated with shame in males and guilt in females, while religiosity was largely not predictive of shame or guilt. Personality measures indicative of external locus of control and poor self-regulation were significantly correlated with shame for both males and females, with smaller effects in the opposite direction for guilt. For both genders, shame was highly predictive of poorer psychological adjustment, as measured by self-esteem, perceived stress, and psychiatric symptomatology, while guilt was uncorrelated with adjustment. These results support the validity of the TOSCA and suggest that shame is a significant risk factor for poor psychological adjustment.
Strategies for urgent reversal of target-specific oral anticoagulants.

AbstractThe direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOACs) that have emerged onto the market for use in some indications similar to those for warfarin; in addition, edoxaban is seeking FDA approval. Similar indications include reducing the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation for all 3 agents, for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis that may lead to pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing hip or knee surgery for rivaroxaban and apixaban, and for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. As anticoagulants, they are all associated with a risk of bleeding, and, unfortunately, there are no approved antidotes for reversal of these agents. A number of small studies in human subjects and in human/animal models exposed to TSOACs have evaluated the use of activated charcoal, hemodialysis for d...
PS2-25: Using Natural Language Processing to Extract Findings from Mammography Reports

Background/Aims Mammographic findings such as a mass may be associated with breast cancer risk, but these data are only available in free-text reports and require resource-intensive manual abstraction. We developed and tested a Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm to extract mammographic findings (mass, calcification, asymmetric density, and architectural distortion) from free-text mammography reports.
MMPI-2 findings in Schizophrenia and depression

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 profile differences between patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 42) vs. depression (n = 42) were investigated. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant multivariate effects associated with diagnosis for the basic validity and clinical scales and for the content scales. The depression group obtained significantly higher mean scale scores on Scales 2 (Depression), 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), 7 (Psychasthenia), 0 (Social Introversion), Anxiety, Depression (DEP), and Social Discomfort. In an attempt to replicate work by Y S. Ben-Porath, J. N. Butcher, & J. R. Graham (1991), a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to predict diagnosis, with similar findings obtained. Scale 2 was identified as the 1 significant clinical scale predictor. Two content scales, DEP and Bizarre Mentation, were identified as contributing significantly to prediction beyond Scale 2. When the order of the analysis was reversed, none of the basic clinical and validity scales contributed beyond prediction afforded by the content scales.
Research Note Mono Lake Excursion In the Lahontan Basin, Nevada

SUMMARY In the Lahontan Basin of north-western Nevada, the Mono Lake Excursion is recorded in a wave-cut bank at Pelican Point on the west side of Pyramid Lake. the record is almost identical to one across the lake near Pyramid Island, 10 km away, and in the Carson Sink, 60 km further to the east. At each locality, the older half of the excursion is present only as a reduction in the relative field intensity, while the younger half shows the expected easterly declination and steep positive inclination that result in a small counterclockwise loop of the virtual geomagnetic poles. the younger half occurs during high relative field intensity, and the entire intensity pattern is similar to the one for the excursion in the Mono Basin, California, 250 km to the south. The presence of only part of the Mono Lake Excursion in the Lahontan Basin might have resulted from the slow sedimentation rate in Pyramid Lake (estimated to be about 12 cm kyr−1), with the field behaviour being more extensively integrated in the subsamples used. In an alternate explanation, the absence of the older part of the excursion can be attributed to overprinting when magnetic grains that were free to rotate in unconsolidated sediment were realigned during the high relative field intensity in the younger part of the excursion.
Quality of eastern gamagrass compared with switchgrass and flaccidgrass when preserved as hay

Abstract Eastern gamagrass [ Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] (GG) hays were harvested May 23 when vegetative (GG-V) and 28 days later (June) when reproductive culms were developing (GG-R) and were compared. The GG-V hay was further compared with a vegetative switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) (SG) hay harvested May 29. The GG-R hay was also compared with a late-early-boot flaccidgrass ( Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) (FG) hay harvested on the same day. Forages were direct-cut with a flail chopper, artificially dried (24 h) in a forced-air bulk dryer (82 °C), baled after drying, stored, and without further processing fed to Suffolk wethers ( Ovis aries ) in a 4 × 4 latin square design. The GG-V and GG-R hays had similar apparent dry matter digestion coefficients averaging 0.64 and were also similar to SG and FG averaging 0.64 and 0.61, respectively. All hays had similar concentrations of crude protein (100 g kg −1 ), neutral detergent fiber (715 g kg −1 ), acid detergent fiber (373 g kg −1 ), hemicellulose (342 g kg −1 ), cellulose (305 g kg −1 ) and acid detergent lignin (58 g kg −1 ). Dry matter intake (kg/100 kg body weight) was similar for GG-V (2.42) and GG-R (2.19) and for GG-V and SG (2.27), but wethers fed GG-R had higher intake compared with FG (1.27). Nitrogen (N) retention, as a percent of total N intake, was higher for wethers fed GG (23% for GG-V and 33% for GG-R) than for either SG (15%) or FG (14%). Differences in N retention were reflected in N excreted in the urine. Eastern GG shows potential as a useful perennial C 4 grass for ruminant production systems.
An optimum multiechelon repair policy and stockage model

Currently, sophisticated multiechelon models compute stockage quantities for spares and repair parts that will minimize total inventory investment while achieving a target level of weapon system operational availability. The maintenance policies to be followed are input to the stockage models. The Optimum Allocation of Test Equipment/Manpower Evaluated Against Logistics (OATMEAL) model will determine optimum maintenance as well as stockage policies for a weapon system. Specifically, it will determine at which echelon each maintenance function should be performed, including an option for component or module throwaway. Test equipment requirements to handle work load at each echelon are simultaneously optimized. Mixed-integer programming (MIP) combined with a Lagrangian approach are used to do the constrained cost minimization, that is, to minimize all costs dependent on maintenance and stockage policies while achieving a target weapons system operational availability. Real-life test cases are included.
Combination Pharmacotherapy for Achievement and Maintenance of Vascular Patency

Acute ischemic stroke results from an abrupt interruption of focal cerebral blood flow. In the majority of cases, this interruption is caused by an acute thromboembolism. Arising from the clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction, combination pharmacotherapy is gaining significant interest as a potential method to improve current thrombolytic treatment in acute ischemic stroke. This article reviews the scientific rationale and available evidence for the potential options to improve current pharmacologic therapy for achieving and maintaining vascular patency in acute ischemic stroke.
X‐ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopic study of the CdTe surface resulting from various surface pretreatments: Correlation of photoelectrochemical and capacitance‐potential behavior with surface chemical composition

The surface chemistry and stoichiometry of p‐ and n‐type CdTe photoelectrodes treated with oxidizing and reducing etches have been characterized by x‐ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies. The results of surface analysis have been correlated with the photoelectrochemical and capacitance–potential behavior of the photoelectrodes. ‘‘Oxidized’’ surfaces are covered by a thin Te0/TeO2 layer (or a thicker Te0 layer, if the etching procedure is slightly altered), resulting in Fermi level pinning: a constant photovoltage is found for a wide range of redox potentials and potential‐independent space charge layer capacitance obtains. ‘‘Reduced’’ surfaces closely resemble ion sputtered CdTe in chemical state and stoichiometry, resulting in more nearly ‘‘ideal’’ behavior: the semiconductor/electrolyte interface is rectifying in the dark; capacitance–potential behavior follows the Mott–Schottky equation near flat band conditions; and photovoltage varies with redox potential, from 0 to ∼0.7 V for p‐CdTe.