cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A zeroth order statistical model for fracture in rock in compression

Rocks are known to fracture in compression via the formation, extension and coalescence of extensile cracks. These cracks are generally oriented in the direction of the maximum principal stress and as more cracks are formed or existing cracks grow, crack interaction becomes very important. The formation and extension of these cracks under conditions of compression is attributed to local tensions at the microscale that may be caused by heterogeneity in the shape, orientation and strength of grains and other factors [1]. Moreover, fracture mechanics analysis shows that the stress intensity factor for cracks under tensile stress is proportional to the stress difference ([sigma][sub 1]-[sigma][sub 2]) at the site [2]. In addition, it is known that the local stress and strain fields in a rock are dependent on the loading path for the rock. That is, when a crack forms and opens, strain energy is stored in the rock that is not recovered upon unloading [3]. We have developed a model for fracture of rock in compression that incorporates these and other aspects of rock behavior. Our model utilizes afield theory approach to the analysis of microcracking at the grain scale. This approach incorporates the concept of superposition and the techniquesmore » of boundary element analysis [4] and percolation theory [5] to form a simple yet powerful method for the study of progressive fracture of rock and other disordered materials. We have simulated triaxial laboratory compression tests using the model and produced strain hardening behavior and patterns of cracking similar to that observed in rocks tested in compression. This technical note describes the detail of the model formulation and presents results for a simulated triaxial test.« less
Herpes simplex virus 2 meningitis: a retrospective cohort study

Herpes simplex virus 2 is a leading cause of viral meningitis and the most commonly recognized infectious cause of benign, recurrent meningitis. We report a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) meningitis, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The terms “herpes simplex,” “meningitis,” or “encephalitis” were searched in the medical records system of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota (1995–2008). Patients were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of meningitis and HSV-2 detected by PCR in the CSF. There were 28 patients with 33 episodes identified (83 % female; mean age at presentation of meningitis 36 years, range 17–53; mean time to HSV2 detection from symptom onset 3 days, range 0–6; history of genital herpes 23 %). No patient took oral antiviral treatment at the time of presentation. Episodes were most likely to include headache (100 %), photophobia (47 %), self-reported fever (45 %), meningismus (44 %), and nausea and/or vomiting (29 %). CSF at the time of meningitis was notable for elevated protein (mean 156 g/dL, range 60–258) and white cell count (mean 504 cells/μL, range 86–1,860) with normal glucose (mean 54 mg/dL, range 32–80). Mollaret cells were never detected. Neuroimaging was most often normal (83 %) when performed, although some cases showed nonspecific (14 %) or meningeal changes (3 %). There was no consistent relationship to genital herpes. The duration of treatment with intravenous acyclovir ranged from 3 to 14 days for the first meningitic episode (daily dose range from 500 to 1,000 mg and total dose range from 500 mg q8h for 3 days to 800 mg q8h for 14 days). For subsequent episodes, the duration of treatment of intravenous acyclovir ranged from less than 1 to 14 days (total dose range from 1,390 mg for 1 day to 900 mg q8h for 10 days). The dose of valacyclovir ranged from 500 mg once daily to 500 mg four times daily. The median duration of valacyclovir treatment following the first episode was 10 days (range 3 to 14 days, n = 13). The median duration of valacyclovir treatment following a subsequent meningitic episode was 9 days (range 7 days to indefinite period, n = 9). No patient was reported to have seizures, neurological disability, or death in extended follow-up (mean follow-up 3.4 years). Recurrence of meningitic symptoms was not universal.
Prevalence of Antigliadin Antibodies in Patients with Psoriasis is Not Elevated Compared with Controls

Background: Antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) are markers of celiac sprue but may have autoimmune implications in the absence of gastrointestinal disease. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that gluten sensitivity may play a role in psoriasis, and patients with psoriasis in Europe have been reported to improve on a gluten-free diet. Objective: To assess whether patients with psoriasis in the US have an increased prevalence of elevated AGAs. Method: A US sample of patients with psoriasis (n = 100), patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (n = 100), and age-matched control individuals without any personal or family history of autoimmune disorders (n = 100) were tested for IgG and IgA AGAs. Results: No difference in the prevalence of abnormal AGAs among patients with psoriasis (14%), combined psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (18%), and control individuals (19%) was observed. No significant correlations between AGA positivity and psoriasis severity, joint involvement, or age of onset of psoriasis or arthritis were observed. Conclusion: We found no support for the results of prior studies showing that elevated AGAs occur with increased frequency in patients with psoriasis. Furthermore, the relatively high prevalence of abnormal AGAs in our control population suggests these antibodies may not be associated with autoimmune disease.
Identification of a Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein that Regulates Microtubule Organization and Cytokinesis by Using a GFP-Screening Strategy

Microtubules play critical roles in a variety of cell processes, including mitosis, organelle transport, adhesion and migration, and the maintenance of cell polarity. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate the dynamic organization and stability of microtubules, often through either cell-specific or cell division stage-specific interactions. To identify novel cytoskeletal-associated proteins and peptides that regulate microtubules and other cytoskeletal and adhesive structures, we have developed a GFP cDNA screening strategy based on identifying gene products that localize to these structures. Using this approach, we have identified a novel MAP, GLFND, that shows homology to the Opitz syndrome gene product [6], localizes to a subpopulation of microtubules that are acetylated, and protects microtubules from depolymerization with nocodazole. Expression of an N-terminal deletion binds microtubules but alters their organization. During the cell cycle, GLFND dissociates from microtubules at the beginning of mitosis and then reassociates at cytokinesis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of GLFND inhibits cell division and cytokinesis in CHO cells. These observations make GLFND unique among MAPs characterized thus far.
Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Fibers Under Various Loads and Temperatures

Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based nanocomposite fibers were fabricated using electrospinning method, and their electrical properties were investigated under various loads and temperatures. MWCNTs were initially dispersed into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and electrospun at various spinning conditions, including DC voltage, pump speed, concentration and distance. When the mechanical load was applied to a film of PVP nanocomposite fibers, the contact resistance, separation between sites and jumping distance of the charge carriers were gradually reduced, thus likely enhancing the electrical conduction. Additionally, as the temperature increased from 20 to 90 °C, the electrical resistance drastically decreased. These behaviors may be a consequence of conductivity and polarization effects of the nanoscale inclusions in the fibers.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Milk Analysis of the Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys merriami

The milk of Dipodomys merriami has an average water content of 50.42 percent, which is low compared with milk from other mammals. The fat content is about 23.48 percent. The significance of these values is discussed in terms of the animal's water balance.
Debugging support for Charm

Summary form only given. This paper describes a parallel debugger and the related debugging support implemented for CHARM++, a data-driven parallel programming language. Because we build extensive debugging support into the parallel runtime system, applications can be debugged at a very high level.
A customized motion acquisition circuit for image deblurring in positron emission tomography

A digital electronic circuit was designed to calculate the exact two-dimensional position of markers in the field of view of a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera. The circuit is composed of four building blocks: (1) a video sync separator, (2) two banks of counters to calculate the horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) position of each marker, (3) a threshold discriminator, and (4) a buffer/memory bank that holds the position information for eventual communication with a personal computer (PC). The circuit is interfaced to the PC via its parallel port and an I/O card for control and data communication. Testing of the circuit revealed that it is capable of achieving a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm along with a temporal resolution of 15 Hz for a camera field of view of 16/spl times/11.5 cm.
Sex Differences in the Predictors of Prisoner Misconduct

This study involved a comparison of the influences on inmate misconduct among female and male inmates. Data were collected from over 5,500 inmates housed in 46 facilities in Ohio and Kentucky (570 women and 5,059 men), and the relative effects of these inmates’ background characteristics and confinement experiences were examined for sex-specific samples. The magnitudes of effects were then compared across the two groups. Findings revealed that background characteristics (e.g., age) and confinement experiences (e.g., involvement in education/vocational program) influence women’s and men’s odds of misconduct. Equality of coefficient tests revealed only three differences in the magnitude of these effects across the analyses of the sex-specific samples, suggesting there are far more similarities than differences in the predictors of misconduct among men versus women.
Hidden processes: the implication for intrusion detection

We introduce a novel class of intrusion: the hidden process, a type of intrusion that will not be detected by an intrusion detection system operating under the assumption that the underlying computing architecture is functioning as specified. A hidden process executes in a manner that is unobservable by many of the operating system's accounting and reporting functions. We present a mechanism to hide processes. Additionally, we show how a hidden process may communicate with an external entity by piggybacking onto a legitimate network connection. We have implemented a mechanism that detects hidden processes and make recommendations calling for the separation of critical operating system functions from more general operating system functions.
The role of HMGB1 in efferocytosis: when the dead go unburied. Focus on “HMGB1 inhibits macrophage activity in efferocytosis through binding to the αvβ3-integrin”

every day in the life of an organism, cells die. The toll is staggeringly large, as millions to billions of cells meet their demise on a daily basis. Sometimes death is physiological as new cells replace old during differentiation and turnover. Other times, however, death is pathological, perturbing
CIMS: a framework for infrastructure interdependency modeling and analysis

Today's society relies greatly upon an array of complex national and international infrastructure networks, such as transportation, utilities, telecommunication, and even financial networks. While modeling and simulation tools have provided insight into the behavior of individual infrastructure networks, a far less understood area is that of the interrelationships among multiple infrastructure networks including the potential cascading effects that may result due to these interdependencies. This paper first describes infrastructure interdependencies, as well as presenting a formalization of interdependency types. Next the paper describes a modeling and simulation framework called CIMS© and the work that is being conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to model and simulate infrastructure interdependencies and the complex behaviors that can result.
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and pH Gradient in Hypoxic Hepatocytes: Characteristics of the Neahypoxic State

Metabolic adaptation involves a series of regulatory processes which provide for flexibility in responses to environmental changes. This flexibility allows complex organisms to survive the challenges of environmental stresses, such as deficiencies in nutrient supply and oxygen availability, and to maintain homeostasis of the internal cell environment.
De-escalation of radiation dose for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and preclinical and clinical literature review

Traditionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been considered to be a relatively homogeneous disease. However, recent data have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative disease are two different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a divergence in treatment strategies as well as prognostic outcomes for HNSCCs that are HPV-positive versus HPV-negative. The present study describes the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with stage IVB cT2N3M0 right tonsillar HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF), followed by chemoradiation therapy with carboplatin and 70 Gray (Gy) radiation in daily fractions was recommended. The patient completed the TPF and carboplatin treatment; however, he was unable to tolerate the radiation course, receiving a final dose of 46 Gy. A 60-day follow-up right neck salvage dissection was subsequently performed. Despite having received a partial radiation treatment of 46 Gy, the patient had no pathological evidence of disease at 60 days post radiation treatment. Repeat positron emission tomography-computed tomography at 32 months after the right neck dissection revealed no evidence of disease. The present study also discusses the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo targets for HPV-positive HNSCC and the obstacles presented in advancing clinical treatment modalities. Previous preclinical models investigating radiation sensitivity have yielded mixed results. Thus, it is important to understand and establish representative preclinical models for studying HPV and HNSCC to improve clinical research and therapeutic development. This review may guide future understanding of the role of HPV in HNSCC.
Physiological Response of Domestic Fowl to Abrupt Changes of Ambient Air Temperature

Abstract CONSIDERABLE research has been conducted on physiological processes of the domestic fowl while exposed to stressful environmental temperatures. However, relatively few investigations have been conducted during the period immediately following exposure. This experiment was designed to determine the effect of an abrupt change in ambient temperature on heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature. Of special interest was the time relationship between initial response to a changed ambient temperature and the new level of function. Prosser (1964) refers to this as the “time course of physiological variation in rate function.” When an animal is exposed to a stressing temperature, there is a rapid initial change in level of metabolism and other physiological parameters. Following this period of rapid change, which generally shows an overshoot or undershoot, there is a plateauing of functional level but at a different level than at the previous temperature. Cardiovascular activity has been found…
Rhabdomyolysis associated with mania in late life.

We report a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with acute mania in a 74 year old man. What makes this case noteworthy is the development of multiple episodes of rhabdomyolysis in the context of excessive physical exercise in an old man who was never diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially fatal condition that follows skeletal muscle injury and can lead to serious complications such as renal failure (1) (2). Skeletal muscle injury, traumatic or non-traumatic, may trigger the release of intracellular contents including creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and myogobin which is manifested by elevated serum CPK and myoglobinuria (1) (2). The classic triad of rhabdomyolysis is muscle pain, weakness and dark urine (1) (2). In a study of 77 patients aged 21–85 years who developed rhabdomyolysis, 8 patients of unspecified age died (3). Delay in diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis may increase the risk of mortality (1) (2) therefore, early identification and intervention are crucial for a good outcome. The prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is unknown and considered rare, however, descriptions are confined mostly to case reports (1) (2). The incidence of rhabdomyolysis in psychiatric patients is not known (1). Nevertheless, several risk factors make psychiatric patients more vulnerable to develop rhabdomyolysis and these factors include catatonia, agitation, alcohol abuse, and neuroleptic medications (1) (2) (4) (5).
The ALS-a high-brightness XUV synchrotron radiation source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is scheduled to be operational in the spring of 1993 as a US Department of Energy national user facility. The ALS will be a next-generation source of soft X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) synchrotron radiation. Undulators will provide high-brightness radiation at photon energies from below 10 eV to above 2 keV; wiggler and bend-magnet radiation will extend the spectral coverage with high fluxes approaching 20 keV. The ALS will support an extensive research program in which XUV radiation is used to study matter in all its varied gaseous, liquid, and solid forms. The high brightness will open new areas of research from the materials sciences, such as spatially resolved spectroscopy, to the life sciences, such as X-ray microscopy with element-specific sensitivity. Experimental facilities (insertion devices, beamlines and end stations) will be developed and operated by participating research teams working with the ALS staff. >
A restraint on restraints: the need to reconsider the use of restrictive interventions

Children with behavior problems are put in units with milieu therapy for the support and guidance of a specialized health care team, supposedly experts in the care of children with these unique and urgent needs. The reality of such units, however, is that those with the most contact with the children are often inadequately prepared, both in terms of knowledge and skills, to manage disruptive behaviors. As a result, the milieu that is supposed to provide support and structure can actually exacerbate the trauma for the vulnerable child. Preliminary data are presented from an ongoing study that is investigating the experiences and memories of formerly hospitalized children. Three types of traumatic experiences are described: vicarious trauma, alienation from staff, and direct trauma. Many of the traumatic events endured by child patients are the result of an inappropriate use by staff of power and force. There was a marked lack of understanding by the children of why given interventions were used. Although coercive interventions are sometimes necessary, ethical, legal, and other professional considerations make it clear that more work is needed. Research to identify the patterns of lack of knowledge and skills, as well as to develop appropriate interventions are recommended.
Effect of Dietary Carnitine Isomers and γ-Butyrobetaine on L-Carnitine Biosynthesis and Metabolism in the Rat

Oral supplementation with L-carnitine or DL-carnitine for treatment of primary and secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes is becoming increasingly popular, yet little is known about the systemic manifestations of oral intake of large doses of those compounds, particularly the D-isomer of carnitine. To determine the possible beneficial and/or toxic effects or oral carnitine isomers and the carnitine pre cursor, -y-butyrobetaine, in the rat, groups of male, weanling rats were fed a carnitine- free diet (control) supplemented with various amounts of L-carnitine, D-carnitine, DL-carnitine or -y-butyrobetaine for 32 days. Rats fed diets supplemented with L-carnitine (0.1-1.0%) had increased L-carnitine concentrations in serum and all tissues studied. Mean L-carnitine concentrations in serum and tissues (except liver) from rats fed equivalent amounts of L-carnitine, as the racemic mixture DL-carnitine, were greater than controls but were consistently lower than in rats fed L-carnitine alone. D-Carnitine (1 % of diet) significantly reduced serum and heart L-carnitine con centrations from control levels, and the effects of -y-butyrobetaine depended on the level of dietary supplementation. Dietary L-carnitine, D-carnitine and 7-butyrobetaine (1%) reduced carnitine biosynthesis from i-N-trimethyl-L-lysine in vivo. However, this decrease probably resulted from effects on transport of 7-butyrobetaine into tissues, rather than on the biosynthetic pathway per se. Other than mild diarrhea with high levels of some supplements, no toxic effects of these compounds were observed under the conditions employed and within the time frame of the study. However, the negative effects of high levels of dietary -y-butyrobetaine and D-carnitine on tissue L-carnitine concentrations observed in this study may presage more severe systemic alterations over a longer period of time. J. Nutr. 113: 1906-1913, 1983.
Instead of and rather than clauses in English

i. Adverbial subordinate clauses introduced by instead of and rather than exhibit certain unique syntactic and semantic properties. I will propose an account of the interaction between the structure and the meaning of sentences containing these two clause types, and suggest some explanations for the rather clear-cut variation which exists among speakers with respect to these sentences. Adverbial subordinate clauses may be divided into three groups according to whether or not they may (or must) contain a finite verb. This criterion allows the following three groups to be established:
Ephedrine Hydrochloride on the Excised Ureter of the Dog

Conclusion1. Ephedrine hydrochloride is mainly stimulant to the excised ureter of the dog. 2. The qualitative effect of ephedrine hydrochloride on the dog's ureter closely resembles that produced by epinephrine. 3. Ephedrine hydrochloride and epinephrine differ widely quantitatively when measured by the reaction of the surviving ureter to these agents, the latter being in some experiments about 200 times as stimulant as ephedrine. 4. The depression of the dog's ureter which appears after the use of the more concentrated solutions of ephedrine hydrochloride, invariably follows a rather extended period of stimulation, a period in which tonus, rate and amplitude of contracticm, either singly or collectively, may be increased.
Overcoming residual frustration in domain-swapping: the roles of disulfide bonds in dimerization and aggregation

The prevalence of domain-swapping in nature is a manifestation of the principle of minimal frustration in that the interactions designed by evolution to stabilize the protein are also involved in this mode of binding. We previously demonstrated that the Symmetrized-Go potential accurately predicts the experimentally observed domain-swapped structure of Eps8 based solely on the structure of the monomer. There can be, however, multiple modes of domain-swapping, reflecting a higher level of frustration, which is a consequence of symmetry. The human prion and cyanovirin-N are too frustrated to form unique domain-swapped structures on the basis of the Symmetrized-Go potential. However, supplementing the completely symmetric model with intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bonds in the prion and cyanovirin-N proteins, respectively, yielded unique domain-swapped structures with a remarkable similarity to the experimentally observed ones. These results suggest that the disulfide bonds may sometimes be critical in overcoming the intrinsic frustration of the symmetrized energy landscapes for domain-swapping. We also discuss the implications of intermolecular disulfide bonds in the formation of mammalian prion aggregates.
Subband coding for fast controller implementation

This papers concerns a new wavelet packet based design methodology for efficient implementation of digital controllers that operate at very high sampling rates, but for reasons of compactness are fabricated on VLSI chips with limited surface area. We argue that this brings about a fundamental tradeoff between sampling speed, accuracy due to signal quantization, and the chip area. Here we reconcile this tradeoff using multirate subband coding techniques, that exploit spectral disparities in the closed loop signals. A precise optimization problem is formulated, and its solution presented.
SIGNS OF AGING ARE APPARENT IN THE TESTIS INTERSTITIUM OF SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS AT 6 MONTHS OF AGE

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of aging in the testis interstitium in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats of 3, 6 and 24 months of age were used. Testes of rats ( n = 5) were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in eponaraldite. Using 1 μm sections stained with methylene blue, qualitative and quantitative morphological studies were performed. Purified Leydig cell preparations, obtained by collagenase digestion followed by elutriation and density gradient centrifugation, were used to determine luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml) stimulated testosterone secretory capacity per Leydig cell in vitro. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium, and testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in serum of these three groups of rats were determined via radioimmunoassay. Morphological studies revealed that Leydig cells were more abundant in the testis interstitium at 6 and 24 months when compared to 3 months. Moreover, collagen fiber bundles were more frequently observed in the testis interstitium at older ages. Blood vessels of the testis interstitium in 24-month-old rats frequently showed partial and complete occlusion of their lumen and thickening of vessel walls. This feature was also present at 6 months, but less frequently. The results of the sterological studies revealed that the volumes of seminiferous tubules, interstitium and Leydig cells per testis was significantly higher ( P P P P > 0.05) was observed for the volume of lymphatic space per testis in the three age groups studied. Volume of interstitial blood vessels per testis was not significantly different at 3 and 6 months of age, but a significantly greater ( P P P P In summary, the present study demonstrated many changes in the components of the testis interstitium in the aged Sprague Dawley rat. Modifications in the blood vessels and the occurrence of abundant collagen fibers in the interstitial space could possibly contribute to the reduced testosterone secretory capacity per Leydig cell with advancing in age. The observed Leydig cell hyperplasia could be suggested as a compensatory effort to maintain the normal androgen status of the aged rat, which is rather successful at 6 months but unsuccessful at 24 months. This investigation further revealed that these characteristic changes in the aged testis interstitium at 24 months are also present to some extent at 6 months of age in Sprague Dawley rats, suggesting that aging of the testis in this strain of rats commences early in life.
Cultural History, Nationalism and the Dignity of the Individual: The Work of George L. Mosse

. The recently deceased George Mosse was one of the leading cultural and intellectual historians of modern Germany and Europe. His important contributions to our understanding of modern culture were his historical analyses of racism, fascism, and nationalism as cultural phenomena of our times. This article concentrates on Mosse's analysis of nationalism.
The Accessibility of Family and Peer Norms in Young Adolescent Risk Behavior

The accessibility of attitudes and norms (i.e., how quickly they are activated from memory) has been shown to predict young adult cigarette smoking, but prior work has not examined this effect in young adolescents or with other health risk behaviors. In this study, the accessibility of attitudes and norms was used to predict young adolescent (N = 325, age M = 14.97, SD = .73) self-reported behavior and behavior intention for cigarette smoking, alcohol use, marijuana smoking, and sexual behavior. The accessibility of attitudes and the accessibility of injunctive norms were significantly related to adolescents’ health risk behavior. When controlling for current behavior, the accessibility of attitudes and of family norms were significantly related to intent to engage in these behaviors in the future. In contrast, the accessibility of peer norms was only related to reports of current behavior, not future behavior intention. This finding replicates across four behaviors when controlling for age, gender, and r...
What Is The Most Popular Movie Of All Time?: Teaching The Importance Of Ceteris Paribus

Students often have difficulty understanding the importance of distinguishing between real and nominal prices, or more generally, why ceteris paribus conditions are important. We exploit students interests in popularity to teach the nominal/real distinction, and the importance of adjusting for inflation, population, and income levels. We illustrate the importance of these topics by asking, What is the most popular movie of all time?
The Translator and the Ghostwriter: Joseph Smith and William Phelps

A collection of Mormon political documents published in 1845 as the Voice of Truth contains several strange multilingual asides. Ostensibly authored by prophet Joseph Smith, these documents were in fact ghostwritten by William Wines Phelps, a newspaperman, poet, and recreational linguist. Phelps's authorship illuminates several aspects of the early history of Joseph Smith, including his sensibilities about language scholarship, his desire for scholarly legitimacy, and Phelps's significant contributions to the so-called Kirtland Egyptian Papers.
Contemporary Approaches to Prescribing Exercise in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Health care professionals engaged in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, both in primary and secondary prevention settings, should possess the knowledge to develop and modify both aerobic exercise as well as musculoskeletal resistance exercise training programs. The traditional exercise prescription (ExRx) for aerobic-type exercise describes the intensity, frequency, duration, and mode of exercise, as well as the rate of progression. The more contemporary ExRx focuses on the energy expenditure associated with all physical activity not just structured exercise bouts. The total "volume or dose" of physical activity is associated with important health outcomes, including the potential to prevent and potentially reverse CAD lesions. Also, emerging evidence supporting the use of high-intensity interval training in CAD patients will also be provided. Furthermore, this review will also address the issue of generating an appropriate ExRx in the absence of maximal exercise "stress" test data, a common occurrence in the primary care setting and in this era of health care cost containment. Prescribing resistance exercise for CAD patients requires careful consideration and will be discussed in this review. Finally, this review will conclude with a section that describes the special considerations and/or modifications for some common comorbidities seen in CAD patients.
Diminished adrenal cortical function in diabetes as shown in eosinophil response to stress of surgery.

Summary1. The levels of circulating eosinophils as a measure of adrenal cortical response to the stress of surgery were followed in 25 diabetics and 13 non-diabetics. Ten of the 25 diabetics showed diminished adrenal cortical function as indicated by an eosinophil count on the second post-operative day which was depressed less than 50%percnt; of the preoperative level. Four-hour ACTH and Cor-tone tests were done on 5 of these 10 diabetics and confirmed the presence of reduced adrenal cortical reserve. The adrenal cortex was capable of responding normally to the initial stress of surgery, but its reserve capacity was insufficient to maintain the eosinopenia for 48 hours. There is a suggestion that the abnormal adrenal response can be correlated with the duration of the diabetes. 2. The possibility is discussed that this decrease in the duration of the activity of the adrenal may be a compensatory change which results from the relative insulin deficiency of diabetes mellitus.We wish to thank Dr. Peter H. Fo...
Aeneas and Agathocles in the Exclusion Crisis

The anonymous The Conspiracy ofAeneas & Antenor against the State of Troy (1682) and Thomas Hoy's Agathocles the Sicilian Usurper (1683) are linked by their being written in imitation of Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel and their drawing upon classical rather than biblical history and legend. They also offer fully developed narratives and use their sources to play an English plot against a Trojan or Sicilian one. In doing so, they raise interpretative problems for their readers, including those who annotated copies of the poems when they first appeared. The poems were published during the Exclusion Crisis and within six months of each other, but only The Conspiracy of Aeneas & Antenor directly addresses current issues and events. Hoy uses the life of Agathocles to represent the career of Cromwell and to warn his contemporaries that they are risking another Cromwellian usurpation by their practices. He writes as a Tory, celebrating patriarchal monarchy and the restoration of Charles II, whereas the author of The Conspiracy ofAeneas & Antenor is ambivalent and inclining to Whig. He is, however, hostile to popery and, in contrast to Hoy, flippantly dismissive of Charles II's court.
Performance Modeling Tools for Parallel Sparse Linear Algebra Computations.

We developed a Performance Modeling Tools (PMTOOLS) library to enable simulation-based performance modeling for parallel sparse linear algebra algorithms. The library includes micro-benchmarks for calibrating the system’s parameters, functions for collecting and retrieving performance data, and a cache simulator for modeling the detailed memory system activities. Using these tools, we have built simulation modules to model and predict performance of different variants of parallel sparse LU and Cholesky factorization algorithms. We validated the simulated results with the existing implementation in SuperLU_DIST, and showed that our performance prediction errors are only 6.1% and 6.6% with 64 processors IBM power5 and Cray XT4, respectively. More importantly, we have successfully used this simulation framework to forecast the performance of different algorithm choices, and helped prototyping new algorithm implementations.
What is Mitrocrinus wetherbyi S. A. Miller and Gurley, 1894?

Phylogenetic classification is dependent upon confident ordering of character states that can be greatly facilitated if the earliest members of a clade are known and well understood. Unfortunately, one of the oldest known representatives of the camerate crinoid order Monobathrida is the problematic Mitrocrinus wetherbyi S. A. Miller and Gurley, 1894. It is problematic because it is a teratologic specimen with hexamerous symmetry and because its basic constructional design is more typical of middle to late Paleozoic monobathrids than of a Middle Ordovician monobathrid. A more advanced-looking construction does not preclude this crinoid from being the most primitive monobathrid a priori , but these two problems have relegated this taxon to an addendum in most classifications. Bather (1900, p. 203) included Mitrocrinus as an “incorrect or indeterminable name” by stating that it was “based on a six-rayed individual, probably abnormal, and a Periechocrinid or Carpocrinid” and Ubaghs (1978, p. T518) designated it as order, suborder, superfamily, and family uncertain.
Forgiveness as a Catalyst for Psychological, Physical, and Spiritual Resilience in Disasters and Crises:

In this conceptual article, we argue that some people are resilient in the face of disasters while others are not. Resilience may necessitate forgiveness—of perpetrators of interpersonal harms (e.g...
Transformation and Weighting

By the early 1980s, regression with homoscedastic errors was well understood, but methodology for handling heteroscedastic noise was just being developed. There were two general approaches. In the first, ​​​ studied by Carroll and Ruppert (1981 [TW-1], 1984 [TW-3]), the response is transformed to homoscedasticity. In the second, studied by Carroll and Ruppert (1982 [TW-2]) and Davidian and Carroll (1987 [TW-4]), one uses a variance function that ​​​ specifies the conditional variance of the response given the covariates. Transformation has the added feature that it can also reduce skewness of the errors, but transformation is useful only when the conditional variance is of a special form and, in particular, is a function of the conditional mean; this is a common occurrence, but there are many applications where it does not occur. Transformation and variance functions can be combined into a very general methodology as described ​​​ briefly below.
Minimum variance controller based adaptive control for Doubly fed induction generator

This paper presents a system identification based minimum variance controller for active and reactive power control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The controller is adaptive as the parameters in the control law are updated online based on system identification that relate the output (active and reactive power) and the input (direct and quadrature axis rotor voltages). The main advantage of the proposed controller is the simplicity in design, its adaptability under varying operating conditions and the ability of the controller to perform without the need to measure rotor side quantities. The paper discusses the design of the controller and presents the simulation results from tests performed using MATLAB SimPowerSystems. The results show that the proposed controller can be a better alternative to the existing PI based vector control for DFIG.
Capacity and readiness for quality improvement among home and community-based service providers

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to explore home and community-based service (HCBS) providers’ perspectives of organizational readiness for quality improvement (QI). Data were obtained from a survey of participants (N = 56) in a state-sponsored HCBS QI initiative. Quality improvement challenges included lack of time and resources, staff apprehension or resistance, resistance from consumers and families, and project sustainability. Support from leadership was viewed as an important factor in participating organizations’ decision to engage in QI. Internal resources available to support QI varied widely between participating organizations, with differences observed between smaller and larger agencies, as well as between provider types and populations served.
Neurologic Applications of PET/MR Imaging.

PET and MRI are both established imaging modalities for the study of disorders of the central nervous system, with applications in neuro-oncology, epilepsy, dementia syndromes, cerebrovascular disease, neurological disease, and psychiatric disorders. The two modalities offer complimentary information, with conventional MRI providing structural imaging of the brain with high spatial resolution and high tissue contrast and PET providing physiologic information about brain metabolism. In the last two decades, advanced MR imaging techniques, including perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and several PET imaging agents targeting numerous metabolic pathways in the brain have expanded the tools available for studying the nervous system in the normal state and in various diseased states. Fusion of MRI and PET images obtained at different time points is commonly performed for clinical and research purposes, but the possibility that the physiologic processes studied by PET and by advanced MR techniques may differ slightly during the two different imaging sessions limits the ability to cross-validate emerging imaging techniques and may leave open questions about how the findings on the two imaging modalities relate to each other as there may be changes in the disease between imaging sessions. Brain imaging was one of the first applications of simultaneous PET/MR and the development of commercial simultaneous PET/MR units allows for true multiparametric analysis of the brain using the two modalities.1 This review will focus on applications suited to hybrid PET/MR scanners that acquire PET and MR imaging simultaneously.
The Effects of Values, Advertising Characteristics, and Animal Companion Preference on Consumer Attitudes and Purchase

A 4 × 3 × 2 between subjects full-factor experiment using homeowners who were some form of pet lover was developed. Subjects viewed an advertisement for a fictitious realtor with either a dog or a cat. The ad copy expressed one of the following experimental conditions: individualism, independence, dependability, or security. Subjects were asked to describe themselves as one of the following: a cat lover, a dog lover, or an animal lover. Further, subjects were classified as either “high” or “low” in terms of scoring on a summation of the list of values (LOV) scale. Outcome effects were attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the realtor, and purchase intentions. A main effect was found for LOV. “High” LOV subjects preferred the ads, preferred the realtor, and had greater purchase intentions than “low” LOV subjects. A significant interaction was found among the four experimental conditions and the three categories of cat lover, dog lover, or animal lover. Cat lovers preferred the ads, preferred the realtor, and had higher purchase intentions regarding the ads conveying individualism and independence in comparison to dog lovers. Dog lovers preferred ads, preferred the realtor, and had greater purchase intentions regarding ads that conveyed dependability and security compared to cat lovers.
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems: A Geoacoustically Derived Proxy for Habitat and Relative Diversity for the Leeward Shelf of Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean

Current trends demonstrate coral reef health in serious decline worldwide. Some of the most well preserved coral reefs in the Caribbean basin are located in the waters surrounding Bonaire, in the Dutch Caribbean. In many places on the leeward side on islands dominated by trade winds, the shallow reef systems extend into deeper water where they are known as Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCE). Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) were used to collect geoacoustic data of these leeward reefs at multiple sites as part of an ocean exploration project. AUV swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar data were analyzed for depth, acoustic backscatter intensity, seafloor slope and rugosity. These geomorphic metrics were then used as inputs to generate a composite synthetic index of bottom-type to delineate MCE features. A confusion matrix statistical analysis of the acoustic class map showed an overall accuracy of the acoustic classes at 66%, with accuracy of the hard coral class the highest at 83% and the sandy-bottom class the lowest at 55. The hard coral class was also the statistically most reliable, at over 80%, with the noise class coming in as the least reliable. This morphologic habitat index is a potentially useful new tool in quantifying the extent of MCE located in proximity to Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography after primary transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives/hypothesis To assess the first post-treatment positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in prediction of disease-free survival after primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with or without adjuvant chemoradiation. Study design Retrospective review. Methods Ninety-five patients with OPSCC treated with primary TORS from 2010 to 2014 at a single tertiary academic center were evaluated with PET/CT. Imaging was performed between 2 and 7 months after completing all treatment. Radiology findings were categorized as 1) negative, noting either complete resolution of foci without evidence of disease or anatomical changes likely attributed to treatment; 2) equivocal, noting equal likelihood of malignancy versus treatment-related changes; or 3) positive, noting either findings concerning for malignancy or new hyperactivity not attributed to treatment-related changes. The median follow-up time was 31 months (range, 23-63 months). Recurrence was defined as biopsy-proven invasive malignancy or clinical suspicion sufficient to initiate treatment occurring within 3 years of the completion of all treatment. Results Of 95 total patients with at least 2 years of follow-up records, 26 had positive post-treatment PET/CT results, with five experiencing actual recurrences. Of 69 patients with negative post-treatment PET/CT results, none experienced recurrences. These results indicate a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 77%, positive predictive value of 19%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions A majority of TORS patients (73%) will have a negative first post-treatment PET/CT. A single negative post-treatment PET/CT is strongly correlated with 2-year disease-free survival in patients treated with primary TORS and may warrant decreased surveillance imaging. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 127:2050-2056, 2017.
Data analysis of transit systems using low-cost IoT technology

The rapid increase of modern wireless technology opens the door for several new applications using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In an educational environment, students depend on the transit bus system for their daily routine and there is a high demand of people to be served by buses around university campuses in the United States of America. Often times, the members of university communities find themselves waiting for a significant amount of time for a bus to arrive at the bus station. Universities have numerous bus stops as well as routes on which riders can use for travel. Several of these bus stops are covered by WiFi capabilities, and usually students are checking their smart phones while waiting for bus arrival. In order to monitor the quality of transit buses and passengers' services, we design, develop, and demonstrate a low cost IoT system that detects the majority of the riders on the bus system at each station. In this paper, the IoT devices collect, analyze and archive transit and passenger data (e.g., waiting times) to Cloud Storage from each bus station. The goal is to improve the passenger's experience by refining the current infrastructure in place, focusing on better planning and increasing bus ridership through better scheduling. By collecting such data (e.g., waiting times), the performance of the bus system can be further analyzed and suggest changes to a route in order to achieve a more efficient and sustainable urban transportation system.