cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting a Dual Detector of Skin and CO2 to Modify Mosquito Host Seeking

Female mosquitoes that transmit deadly diseases locate human hosts by detecting exhaled CO2 and skin odor. The identities of olfactory neurons and receptors required for attraction to skin odor remain a mystery. Here, we show that the CO2-sensitive olfactory neuron is also a sensitive detector of human skin odorants in both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. We demonstrate that activity of this neuron is important for attraction to skin odor, establishing it as a key target for intervention. We screen ~0.5 million compounds in silico and identify several CO2 receptor ligands, including an antagonist that reduces attraction to skin and an agonist that lures mosquitoes to traps as effectively as CO2. Analysis of the CO2 receptor ligand space provides a foundation for understanding mosquito host-seeking behavior and identifies odors that are potentially safe, pleasant, and affordable for use in a new generation of mosquito control strategies worldwide.
Commentary: when is a practice guideline only a guideline?

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been promulgated by a variety of sources with differing goals: professional societies, state and federal governmental bodies, third-party payers such as insurers and HMOs, and hospitals. Compliance rates by practitioners are modest at best so that their use as standards of care for “usual and customary” practice is questionable. Some states are experimenting with the use of CPGs as a requirement for malpractice coverage.
A Conservative Revolution: Elizabeth I and the Making of Religious and Rhetorical Truth

(2007). A Conservative Revolution: Elizabeth I and the Making of Religious and Rhetorical Truth. Advances in the History of Rhetoric: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 175-196.
Using games in introductory courses: tips from the trenches

Computer Science degree program enrollments have fallen precipitously since the year 2000 and it is not surprising that novel approaches to education are being tried to both attract and retain students. One of the areas with a record of success is with using games in introductory programming courses. While there are several successful programs, the drawbacks of these approaches are not commonly discussed along with their benefits. Having run a successful game-based program that retained students within the CS major at a 93% rate, we discuss both the benefits of the program as well as the problems that need to be considered and overcome.
Non-restarting SAT solvers with simple preprocessing can efficiently simulate resolution

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on conflict directed clause learning (CDCL) implicitly produce resolution refutations of unsatisfiable formulas. The precise class of formulas for which they can produce polynomial size refutations has been the subject of several studies, with special focus on the clause learning aspect of these solvers. The results, however, assume the use of non-standard and nonasserting learning schemes, or rely on polynomially many restarts for simulating individual steps of a resolution refutation, or work with a theoretical model that significantly deviates from certain key aspects of all modern CDCL solvers such as learning only one asserting clause from each conflict and other techniques such as conflict guided backjumping and phase saving. We study non-restarting CDCL solvers that learn only one asserting clause per conflict and show that, with simple preprocessing that depends only on the number of variables of the input formula, such solvers can polynomially simulate resolution. We show, moreover, that this preprocessing allows one to convert any CDCL solver to one that is non-restarting.
Falls--where do we stand?

Falls occur commonly in older persons and are the seventh leading cause of death. Falls are associated with functional deterioration and "fear of falling". Falls can be due to extrinsic factors such as poor lighting, throw rugs and other environmental hazards. Intrinsic causes of falls include physiological changes associated with aging, orthostatic hypotension, many medications, delirium, anemia, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, depression, cognitive impairment, syncope, partial complex seizures and vitamin D deficiency. Management of falls requires a multidisciplinary approach with a home assessment and modification where appropriate, a careful geriatric assessment, exercise programs focusing on balance, resistance and endurance exercise and adequate vitamin D replacement. All fallers should be assessed and treated for osteoporosis. The complexities of the causes and management of falls, make persons with frequent falls an ideal person to be referred for a geriatric consult. Language: en
Analysis of Mutations in the Conserved C-terminal Diglycine of SUMO Protein in Tetrahymena thermophila

Sumoylation is a conserved posttranslational modification in eukaryotic organisms primarily regulating nuclear processes. Tetrahymena thermophila has a transcriptionally active macronucleus and non...
Demagnetization due to interconfiguration fluctuations in the RE-Cu2Si2 compounds

Magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, specific heat, and thermoelectric power measurements on EuCu2Si2, YbCu2Si2, CeCu2Si2, and GdCu2Si2 are presented. The first three compounds show a demagnetization of the 4f shell, while the fourth was studied to determine the “normal” magnetic and electronic properties for the RE-Cu2Si2 system. YbCu2Si2, CeCu2Si2, and EuCu2Si2 are found to exhibit similar lattice, electronic, and magnetic properties: an intermediate lattice constant; a magnetic susceptibility that is large and paramagnetic but neither shows order nor a Curie divergence; a large electronic specific heat coefficient; strong deviations from a simple T law in the high-temperature resistivity; and a large maximum in the thermoelectric power. The data are interpreted in terms of interconfiguration fluctuations (ICF), and a simple model is presented which can quantitatively explain the magnetic susceptibility and semiquantitatively predicts the specific heat. In addition, the model is in qualitative agreement with the resistivity and thermoelectric power data.
Ultrafast triggered transient energy storage by atomic layer deposition into porous silicon for integrated transient electronics

Here we demonstrate the first on-chip silicon-integrated rechargeable transient power source based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating of vanadium oxide (VOx) into porous silicon. A stable specific capacitance above 20 F g−1 is achieved until the device is triggered with alkaline solutions. Due to the rational design of the active VOx coating enabled by ALD, transience occurs through a rapid disabling step that occurs within seconds, followed by full dissolution of all active materials within 30 minutes of the initial trigger. This work demonstrates how engineered materials for energy storage can provide a basis for next-generation transient systems and highlights porous silicon as a versatile scaffold to integrate transient energy storage into transient electronics.
Effects of Hemodynamic Instability on Early Outcomes and Late Survival Following Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Background: The goal of this study was to compare operative mortality and actuarial survival between patients presenting with and without hemodynamic instability who underwent repair of acute Type A aortic dissection. Previous studies have demonstrated that hemodynamic instability is related to differences in early and late outcomes following acute Type A dissection occurrence. However, it is unknown whether hemodynamic instability at the initial presentation affects early clinical outcomes and survival after repair of Type A aortic dissection. Methods: A total of 251 patients from four academic medical centers underwent repair of acute Type A aortic dissection between January 2000 and October 2010. Of those, 30 presented with hemodynamic instability while 221 patients did not. Median ages were 63 years (range 38-82) and 60 years (range 19-87) for patients presenting with hemodynamic instability compared to patients without hemodynamic instability, respectively (P = 0.595). Major morbidity, operative mortality, and 10-year actuarial survival were compared between groups. Results: Operative mortality was profoundly influenced by hemodynamic instability (patients with hemodynamic instability 47% versus 14% for patients without hemodynamic instability, P < 0.001). Actuarial 10-year survival rates for patients with hemodynamic instability were 44% versus 63% for patients without hemodynamic instability (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Hemodynamic instability has a profoundly negative impact on early outcomes and operative mortality in patients with acute Type A aortic dissection. However, late survival is comparable between hemodynamically unstable and non-hemodynamically unstable patients.
Fatal Cardiomyopathy After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Revision of fractured ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacements with a cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy-on-polyethylene articulation can facilitate metallosis and require further expensive revision surgery [1–3]. In the present study, a fifty-two year old male patient suffered from fatal cardiomyopathy after undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty. The patient had received a polyethylene-ceramic acetabular liner and a ceramic femoral head as his primary total hip replacement. The polyethylene-ceramic sandwich acetabular liner fractured in vivo after 58 months and the patient underwent his first revision surgery where he received a Vitamin E stabilized acetabular Polyethylene (PE) liner and a CoCr alloy femoral head with documented synovectomy at that time. After 15 months, the patient was admitted to hospital in cardiogenic shock, with retrieval of the bearing components. Before the second revision surgery, peak serum cobalt levels measured 6,521 μg/L, 78-times greater than serum cobalt levels of 83μg/L associated with cobalt poisoning [4]. Serum titanium levels found in the patient measured 17.5 μg/L) normal, healthy range 0–1.4 μg/L). The retrieved CoCr alloy femoral head had lost a total of 28.3g (24% or an estimated amount of 102 × 10 −9 wear particles (∼2 μm diameter) [1]) within 16 months of in vivo service. Despite initiating a cobalt chelating therapy, the patients9 cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction remained reduced at 6%. This was followed by multi-organ failure, and ultimately the patient passed away shortly after being taken off life support. Embedded ceramic particles were found on the backside and articular surfaces of the Vitamin E-stabilized PE acetabular liner. Evidence of fretting wear on the titanium (Ti) alloy acetabular shell was present, possibly explaining the increased serum Ti levels. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses confirmed Ti alloy transfer on the embedded ceramic particles on the backside PE liner surface and CoCr alloy transfer on the embedded ceramic particles on the articular PE liner surface. A fractured ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement should not be revised to a CoCr alloy-on-polyethylene articulation irrespective of concurrent synovectomy [5] as it can cause severe, third-body wear to the CoCr alloy femoral head that can lead to metallosis with fatal, systemic consequences.
Characterizing wave propagation to improve indoor step-level person localization using floor vibration

The objective of this paper is to characterize frequency-dependent wave propagation of footstep induced floor vibration to improve robustness of vibration-based occupant localization. Occupant localization is an essential part of many smart structure applications (e.g., energy management, patient/customer tracking, etc.). Exist- ing techniques include visual (e.g. cameras and IR sensors), acoustic, RF, and load-based approaches. These approaches have many deployment and operational requirements that limits their adaptation. To overcome these limitations, prior work has utilized footstep-induced vibrations to allow sparse sensor configuration and non-intrusive detection. However, frequency dependent propagation characteristics and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of footstep-induced vibrations change the shape of the signal. Furthermore, estimating the wave propagation velocity for forming the multilateration equations and localizing the footsteps is a challenging task. They, in turn, lead to large errors of localization. In this paper, we present a structural vibration based indoor occupant localization technique using improved time-difference-of-arrival between multiple vibration sensors. In particular we overcome signal distortion by decomposing the signal into frequency components and focusing on high energy components for accurate indoor localization. Such decomposition leverages the frequency-specific propagation characteristics and reduces the effect of low SNR (by choosing the components of highest energy). Furthermore, we develop a velocity calibration method that finds the optimal velocity which minimizes the localization error. We validate our approach through field experiments in a building with human participants. We are able to achieve an average localization error of less than 0.21 meters, which corresponds to a 13X reduction in error when compared to the baseline method using raw data.
Preliminary research on morphology parameters of common minerals in coal

Through petrographic image analysis software,systematic tests of common mineral morphology parameter in selected samples are carried on.The purpose is to make past qualitative identification index into quantification,and thus to offer reliable basic technical parameter for developing new type of coal petrography composition automatic recognition system.
Shutdown-induced tensile stress in monolithic miniplates as a possible cause of plate pillowing at very high burnup

Abstract Post-irradiation examination of RERTR-12 miniplates showed that in-reactor pillowing occurred in at least 4 plates, rendering performance of these plates unacceptable. To address in-reactor failures, efforts are underway to define the mechanisms responsible for in-reactor pillowing, and to suggest improvements to the fuel plate design and operational conditions. To achieve these objectives, the mechanical response of monolithic fuel to fission and thermally induced stresses was modeled using a commercial finite element analysis code. Calculations of stresses and deformations in monolithic miniplates during irradiation and after the shutdown revealed that the tensile stress generated in the fuel increased from 2 MPa to 100 MPa at shutdown. The increase in tensile stress at shutdown possibly explains in-reactor pillowing of several RERTR-12 miniplates irradiated to the peak local burnup of up to 1.11 × 1022 fissions/cm3. This paper presents the modeling approach and calculation results, and compares results with post-irradiation examinations and mechanical testing of irradiated fuel. The implications for the safe use of the monolithic fuel in research reactors are discussed, including the influence of fuel burnup and power on the magnitude of the shutdown-induced tensile stress.
Effects of the population pedigree on genetic signatures of historical demographic events

Genetic variation among loci in the genomes of diploid biparental organisms is the result of mutation and genetic transmission through the genealogy, or population pedigree, of the species. We explore the consequences of this for patterns of variation at unlinked loci for two kinds of demographic events: the occurrence of a very large family or a strong selective sweep that occurred in the recent past. The results indicate that only rather extreme versions of such events can be expected to structure population pedigrees in such a way that unlinked loci will show deviations from the standard predictions of population genetics, which average over population pedigrees. The results also suggest that large samples of individuals and loci increase the chance of picking up signatures of these events, and that very large families may have a unique signature in terms of sample distributions of mutant alleles.
Continental patterns of submarine groundwater discharge reveal coastal vulnerabilities

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) delivers water and dissolved chemicals from continents to oceans, and its spatial distribution affects coastal water quality. Unlike rivers, SGD is broadly distributed and relatively difficult to measure, especially at continental scales. We present spatially resolved estimates of fresh (land-derived) SGD for the contiguous United States based on historical climate records and high-resolution hydrographic data. Climate controls regional patterns in fresh SGD, while coastal drainage geometry imparts strong local variability. Because the recharge zones that contribute fresh SGD are densely populated, the quality and quantity of fresh SGD are both vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. Our analysis unveils hot spots for contaminant discharge to marine waters and saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers.
A study of the automobile blind-spots' spatial dimensions and angle of orientation on side-sweep accidents

This study investigates the impact of the spatial dimensions and angle of orientation of automobile blind spots during side-sweep accidents. A simulation framework was created that models in detail the situational awareness and decisions of the driver (e.g., checking mirrors before initiating a lane change). The simulation takes into account the detailed position of the blind spots, which depend on the geometry of the windows and mirrors of the vehicle. Using this simulator, a study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the magnitude and the orientation of the blind spots, the frequency of side-sweep accidents in various conditions (e.g., traffic density and relative velocity) and time to change the lane. Also, the number of side-sweep accidents was studied depending on the percentage and how often drivers look before changing lanes and drivers who failed to check their mirrors before a lane change.
Improving Relationships in Child Welfare Practice: Perspectives of Foster Care Providers

Foster parents care for our nation’s most vulnerable children and adolescents. Their ability to provide care is impacted directly and indirectly by their interactions with public child welfare agencies and workers. This study examines the perspectives of 1095 foster parents in a southwestern state in the U.S. regarding what they believe child welfare workers are doing well and their suggestions for ways to improve relationships between foster care providers and child welfare workers. Foster parents commended caseworkers who were responsive to their needs and provided ongoing concrete and emotional support, and believed there was a need for improved communication and enhanced teamwork. Foster parents consistently acknowledged an overwhelmed child welfare system and the impact on child welfare workers and child welfare-involved families. Understanding the perspectives of foster parents can improve relationships between child welfare workers and foster parents, improve recruitment and retention efforts of foster parents, prevent disruption of children from foster homes due to license closure, and improve the overall well-being of child welfare-involved children and families.
Prediction of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ using computer-extracted mammographic features

Predicting the risk of occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an important task to help address the overdiagnosis and overtreatment problems associated with breast cancer. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of using computer-extracted mammographic features to predict occult invasive disease in patients with biopsy proven DCIS. We proposed a computer-vision algorithm based approach to extract mammographic features from magnification views of full field digital mammography (FFDM) for patients with DCIS. After an expert breast radiologist provided a region of interest (ROI) mask for the DCIS lesion, the proposed approach is able to segment individual microcalcifications (MCs), detect the boundary of the MC cluster (MCC), and extract 113 mammographic features from MCs and MCC within the ROI. In this study, we extracted mammographic features from 99 patients with DCIS (74 pure DCIS; 25 DCIS plus invasive disease). The predictive power of the mammographic features was demonstrated through binary classifications between pure DCIS and DCIS with invasive disease using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Before classification, the minimum redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection method was first applied to choose subsets of useful features. The generalization performance was assessed using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Using the computer-extracted mammographic features, the proposed model was able to distinguish DCIS with invasive disease from pure DCIS, with an average classification performance of AUC = 0.61 ± 0.05. Overall, the proposed computer-extracted mammographic features are promising for predicting occult invasive disease in DCIS.
Determining collision potential as a measure of robustness in vehicular networks

This work defines and quantifies a measure of robustness for vehicular networks with arbitrary physical arrangements and communication structures. The measure quantifies the minimum disturbance energy that is required to cause a collision between any two vehicles in terms of the ℒ 2 -norm of disturbances distributed throughout the network. The minimum disturbance size that can cause a collision is then defined in terms of the ℒ 2 to ℒ ∞ induced norm of an appropriately defined linear system. Closed form expressions and bounds for the proposed robustness measure in terms of effective resistances in the graph underlying the vehicle formation's communication network are provided. We compare the robustness of formations with two control laws, relative position and absolute velocity control, and relative position and relative velocity control. We first consider arbitrary communication graphs, and then consider in detail the special cases of vehicular networks on cycle graphs and path graphs. We present simulations that show how the presence of a leader changes the spacing requirements in different locations along the linear vehicle platoon.
“This is an Italian Church with a Large Hispanic Population”: Factors and Strategies in White Ethno‐Religious Place Making

This paper examines how a group of white ethnic, mostly Italian American, Catholics participate in ethno–religious place making in a predominantly Latino church. In light of a growing number of Lat...
Cathodic Protection Using Zinc Sheet Anodes And An Ion Conductive Gel Adhesive

An experimental sacrificial cathodic protection system comprised of zinc sheet anodes with an ion conductive gel adhesive was installed to protect an electrically isolated reinforcing steel sub-system in a bridge substructure located in an extremely corrosive environment in the Florida Keys. The system provides cathodic protection current to approximately 0.8 square meters (8.9 square feet) of No. 4 epoxy coated rebar fabricated in a serpentine shape to provide added reinforcement in a load transfer area of the piers. The experimental system was installed at five locations exhibiting various levels of corrosion activity. Because of the critical function of the piers, it was extremely important to provide a system which would effectively control the progression of corrosion on the reinforcing steel. The performance monitoring included open circuit potential measurements and two polarization decay tests performed at 98 and 132 days of service. Both tests indicated a polarization of the steel above 100 mV therefore meeting established cathodic protection criteria.
The effects of electronic cigarette vapour on the lung: direct comparison to tobacco smoke

Electronic cigarettes are as toxic as tobacco cigarettes and can cause significant lung damagehttp://ow.ly/qT1l30ig1oR
Segregation at Interphase Boundaries

The nature of interphase boundaries is described and various methods by which interface segregation can occur are discussed. Almost all the work on equilibrium segregation has been done on single-phase materials with little attention being paid to poly-phase structures. Those aspects of interface segregation which are common to both types of microstructures are considered. Segregation ahead of a moving interface during a phase transformation is commonly found, where the rate of movement of the interface is controlled by diffusion of solute away from the interface. Less commonly, segregation at relatively stationary interfaces occurs during the partitioning of solute elements which are incapable of sufficient diffusion during the initial establishment of the position of the phase boundary. Mechanisms by which these methods of segregation lead to embrittlement of steels are suggested with particular emphasis on temper embrittlement and tempered martensite (500°F) embrittlement.
Mathematical Optimization and Economic Behavior

Dynamic optimization adds a time dimension to the study of economic behavior. While maximization of profit and utility has been the microeconomic foundation for studying supply and demand, and a general equilibrium condition is the basis for an economic system, such idealized conditions do not exist in a changing world. There is a gap between the concepts short run and long run, namely, how does one shift from one position to the other?
Stover Harvest did not Change Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Two Minnesota Fields

Corn (Zea mays L.) is grown across vast acreages producing massive quantities of stover making corn a desirable cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) so small changes in direct soil N₂O emissions may have substantial influence on global warming potential (GWP) from the agricultural sector. Harvesting stover alters soil properties such as soil moisture, oxygen availability, temperature, and substrate availability (C and N). Thus, harvesting stover might reduce soil N₂O emissions by reducing substrate and by warming and drying the soil. The goal of the study was to determine how harvesting corn stover altered soil N₂O emissions. Therefore, soil N₂O emissions were measured for four crop-years (planting to planting) in two independent studies, one in a field managed without tillage (NT1995) and the other was in a field tilled annually with a chisel plow (Chisel). Each field was in a corn–soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) rotation, with (i) corn grain (Grain) only, (ii) grain plus about 50% of the stover harvested (Grain+Moderate), and (iii) grain plus harvesting as much stover as possible (Grain+Aggressive) treatments. Cumulative soil N₂O emissions did not differ among treatments in either field during any of the crop-years monitored. Flux events occurred corresponding to fertilizer applications and to spring freeze-thaw events. Cumulative fertilizer stimulated emissions tended to be greater for corn than soybean because of N-fertilizer application. These results are valuable to modelers for enhancing estimates of the N₂O component of the stover management C-footprint.
Analysis and Design of Clinical Trials Using Additive Hazards Survival Endpoints

Abstract–The additive hazards model provides benefits in interpretation and theoretical properties over the proportional hazards model, particularly in noninferiority trials. We describe techniques...
Preoperative chemotherapy for prostatic stromal invasive urothelial bladder cancer: comparison of oncological outcomes of male patients with cT4a disease undergoing radical cystectomy with or without preoperative chemotherapy.

Background: The value of preoperative chemotherapy to prostatic stromal invasive urothelial bladder cancer remains uncertain. This study presented the pathological response and oncological outcomes...
Erratum to: "Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcome of adult horses with equine coronavirus infection at a veterinary teaching hospital: 33 cases (2012-2018)" [Vet. J. 248 (2019) 95-100].

Author(s): Berryhill, EH; Magdesian, KG; Aleman, M; Pusterla, N | Abstract: The publisher regrets that in the above referenced paper there was an error in the spelling of the second author name. The name is now represented correctly above.
The role of c-Met inhibition for neuroblastoma treatment.

10041 Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood. Many children present with high-risk disease characterized by rapid tumor growth, resistance to chemothera...
Fragile-to-strong transitions in glass forming liquids

Abstract Since they were first reported almost two decades ago, fragile-to-strong (FTS) transitions have been observed in all categories of glass-forming systems including metallic, covalent, ionic and molecular liquids. In these systems, a transition from Arrhenius to non-Arrhenius viscosity behavior is observed in conjunction with anomalies in multiple thermodynamic variables including the heat capacity, the thermal expansion coefficient and the isothermal compressibility. A review of experimental evidences supporting the existence of FTS transitions is presented. In particular FTS transitions are found to be concomitant with a peak in heat-capacity as well as density extrema associated with a negative expansion coefficient in the region of the transition. Moreover, spectroscopic analyses also show distinct structural changes across these liquid-liquid transitions. Reports of FTS transitions in each category of liquid are reviewed.
Effects of fuels on flash boiling spray from a GDI hollow cone piezoelectric injector

Abstract Flash-boiling of fuel sprays can have a significant effect on spray formation and its characteristics due to bubble nucleation, growth, and phase change, producing explosive-like atomization and complex spray structures. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the spray of both pure substance fuels (pure isooctane, pure ethanol) and multicomponent fuels (50/50 mixture of isooctane and ethanol, commercial gasoline), under flash boiling conditions and non-flash boiling conditions. Under different temperature and ambient pressure, different superheated degrees can be achieved for the fuels. Pure substances have a single vapor pressure curve, while mixtures do not have a single boiling point at a given pressure, and a two-phase region exists for multicomponent fuel. Under the same conditions, ethanol has higher superheated degree compared to isooctane, but the heat of vaporization for ethanol is also much higher. This contributes to the fact that less boiling is observed in the ethanol spray with longer penetration in several cases. Mixture 50/50 shows a good average of isooctane and ethanol for spray penetration and spray front plume ratio analysis. Gasoline, due to its low initial boiling point and wide range of components, has the widest plume ratio distribution and smallest gradient, as well as complex peak penetration velocity distribution. The results also imply that adding low boiling point (preferably with low heat of vaporization as well) additive or component to high boiling point fuel can facilitate flash boiling, fuel vaporization and mixing.
Hybrid FSO/RF communications system for high-availability, high-capacity networks

Free-space optical communications (FSO) systems have gained increasing interest for both defense and commercial applications due to their ability to provide secure, long-distance, high-capacity communications on the move. In terrestrial environments, because clouds and strong weather effects can limit FSO systems performance, integrating them with directional radio frequency (RF) links can yield a system that leverages the best of both modalities - the high capacity of FSO when available with the reliability of the RF link to ensure the highest priority data can be sent even during degraded weather conditions. This paper will present the development of a highly integrated FSO/RF link architecture implementing three key functionalities: (1) operation at data transfer rates up to 10 Gbps, (2) seamless failovers between the FSO and RF modalities, and (2) the necessary quality of service (QoS) mechanisms to handle the rate disparity between the two links while providing priority to critical data. This architecture utilizes a network transport system that provides layer 2 data transport and QoS arbitration across the FSO and RF modalities. Results from testing in lab as well as at outdoor ranges of up to 30 km will be presented.
COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICES ON CHEST RADIOGRAPHY

Correct identification of cardiac device (CD) manufacturers is needed to care for patients with these devices. Two independently developed machine learned algorithms for this purpose are available: Pacemaker-ID (pacemakerid.com), available as a web based platform (PIDw) and as mobile phone
E-118 Mechanical thrombectomy in distal vessels: revascularization rates, complications and functional outcome

Background and importance Pivotal trials have shown the tremendous efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in proximal occlusions (PO). However distal occlusions (DO) involving M2 and beyond, distal ACA (A2) and posterior cerebral arteries were not represented. The thoughts are that distal vessels supply a smaller brain area, however, with significant symptoms paired with accessible occlusions, the concept may need to be revisited. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of distal circulation mechanical thrombectomies compared to proximal circulation mechanical thrombectomies. Methods A retrospective review of patients presenting with distal circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who underwent mechanical thrombectomy at a tertiary referral center between 2010 and 2018. Results Out of 453 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, 73 patients had a DO (average age 72 years, 59% female). The mean NIHSS upon admission was 12 (95% CI: 11–14). The mean procedure time was 45 minutes (95% CI: 38–52) and mean time to revascularization, from symptom onset to finishing the thrombectomy procedure, was 522 minutes (95% CI: 438–5607). 45% (n=34) of subjects received tPA. Vessels involved included M2 (89%, n=68), A2 (3%, n=2), PCA (3%, n=2), and M3/4 (5%, n=4). A stentreiver alone was used in 11% of the cases (n=8), aspiration alone in 8% (n=6), and both stentreiver and aspiration in 72% (n=55), with failed attempts in 9% (n=7) of cases. Most procedures required one pass to recanalize the vessel (55%, n=42). TICI > 2b was achieved in 88% (n=67) of the subjects. Mean length of stay was eight days (95% CI: 6–10). Mortality was noted in 8% (n=6) of patients and independent functional outcome of mRS 2b) was not significantly different between DO and PO. However, procedure time was significantly shorter in the DO group (45 min vs. 52 min, p=0.05) and the mean number of passes were lower in the DO group (1.5 vs. 1.8, p=0.01). Mortality rate and good functional outcome was not significantly different between both groups. On multivariate analysis, DO group had a significantly shorter length of stay by about two days, compared to PO, when controlling for confounders (coef: -2 days, 95%CI: -4 to 0 days, p=0.05). Subjects with PO were over five times more likely to have a good TICI score compared to DO group (OR: 5.69, 95% CI: 1.22–26.5, p Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy procedure for distal circulation strokes is as effective and safe as a proximal group. Though distal vessels supply smaller brain area, however when symptoms are pronounced the benefit of the procedure outweighs the risks. Disclosures A. Sweid: None. J. Head: None. S. Tjoumakaris: None. V. Xu: None. K. Shivashankar: None. T. Alexander: None. M. Gooch: None. N. Herial: None. R. Rosenwasser: None. P. Jabbour: None.
Some Counterclaims Undermine Themselves

A counterclaim disputes the claim that an association between treatment received and outcome exhibited reflects an effect caused by the treatment. Some counterclaims undermine themselves. A supplemental statistical analysis may demonstrate this.
Towards bootstrapping QED3

We initiate the conformal bootstrap study of Quantum Electrodynamics in 2+1 space-time dimensions (QED3) with N flavors of charged fermions by focusing on the 4-point function of four monopole operators with the lowest unit of topological charge. We obtain upper bounds on the scaling dimension of the doubly-charged monopole operator, with and without assuming other gaps in the operator spectrum. Intriguingly, we find a (gap-dependent) kink in these bounds that comes reasonably close to the large N extrapolation of the scaling dimensions of the singly-charged and doubly-charged monopole operators down to N = 4 and N = 6.
The Role of Implementation Science in Advancing Resource Generation for Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries:

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the brunt of communicable and non-communicable diseases and experience higher mortality and poor health outcomes compared to resource-rich countries. C...
Delayed presentation of upper extremity arteriovenous fistula after total shoulder replacement.

Abstract Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a safe procedure, with vascular injury being a rare complication [2, 5-8]. We present the case of a patient who underwent a TSA and subsequently presented 9 years later with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the ipsilateral shoulder region, diagnosed on work-up for bruit noted in the shoulder region.
Isolation and Quantification of Neutral and Acidic Steroids in Feces

In the steady state the daily fecal excretion of neutral plus acidic steroids of endogenous origin should approximately equal the daily synthesis of cholesterol in any species in which the intestine is the major route of excretion, as it is in man. This statement is based on our present understanding of a) the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the hver and the degradation of neutral and acidic sterols to a multitude of steroidal secondary products within the intestinal lumen (reviewed recently by Danielsson 1);b) the resistance of the ring structure of cholesterol to degradation within the body or by intestinal microorganisms2; and c) the finding in the present study that the ring structure and side chain of the two primary bile acids (in man) also remain intact during passage through the intestine or circulation within the enterohepatic system.
A distributed launch and recovery system for an AUV and a manned submersible

The launch and recovery (L&R) of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) by a manned submersible (MS) is required for joint AUV/MS missions. The authors consider L&R as a distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) task. The approach has been taken to provide assistance in definition of subtasks, allocation of task responsibility, and specification of required data acquisition, processing, and communication. An architecture for the task requires special-purpose communications and multi-agent planning. The authors define the problem, the agents. the goals and constraints, review DAI, and discuss some real-world experiences. Three candidate DAI architectures are examined, and a hybrid, consisting of elements of all three, is suggested for further investigation. >
From Big Data to Big Social and Economic Opportunities: Which Policies Will Lead to Leveraging Data-Driven Innovation's Potential?

This is Chapter 1.8, in the INSEAD/Cornell/WEF report on Big Data. The contribution focuses on the social and economic value of data, but from the point of view of use and purpose rather than volume. As it has become axiomatic that more data are produced every year, commentators have been driven to call this revolution the “age of big data.” However, what is commonly known as “big data” is not a new concept: the use of data to build successful products and services, optimize business processes, and make more efficient data-based decisions already has an established history. Moreover, the term big data is ambiguous: the main features of big data (quantity, speed, variety) are technical properties that depend not on the data themselves but on the evolution of computing, storage, and processing technologies. What is important about big data is not its volume but how it may contribute to innovation and therefore be used to create value. This is why this chapter uses data-driven innovation to frame the discussion.High-value solutions that may not have quantifiable economic value are being developed using data, and many sectors, from businesses to governments, benefit from data-driven innovation. Apart from producing and using data for better policymaking processes, the public sector can also play its part in promoting and fostering data-driven innovation and growth throughout economies by (1) making public data accessible through open data formats, (2) promoting balanced legislation, and (3) supporting education that focuses on data science skills.
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome); report of two cases.

Two cases of chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome) in infants are reported. The four major features of the syndrome (chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polydactylism, and congenital defect of the heart) were present in each of the infants. One of the cases (Case 1) is believed to be the first published instance of this syndrome in the Negro race. The clinical course of both infants was marked by progressive dyspnea and cyanosis, leading rapidly to death in the newborn period. Detailed gross and microscopic pathologic findings are included. The cardiac malformation in one case was cor triloculare and in the other was cor biloculare with transposition of the great vessels. The thoracic cage of each infant was extremely narrowed anteriorly and flared inferiorly. Chondro-osseous junctions of ribs were in the anterior axillary line. Death was attributed to the congenital malformation of the heart, pulmonary hypoplasia, and diminished capacity of the thorax due to chondro-osseous dysplasia. The severe chest deformities together with serious congenital cardiac lesions distinguish these cases. The literature is briefly reviewed, and the clinical and radiographic features of the syndrome are discussed.
Spelling Correction for an Intelligent Tutoring System

Our spelling correction program is part of a system for understanding illformed input in an intelligent tutoring system for medical students. Speed and user-friendliness were the most important considerations in the design. The system can correct most kinds of spelling errors including order reversal, missing characters, added characters, and character substitutions. It also handles novel abbreviations and word boundary errors. It is implemented on a Xerox 1108 AI machine in Interlisp-D. The lexicon is stored in a trie structure to speed up searching. We provide the students with a full-screen editor and an input tracer to simplify the input process as much as possible.
Autocrine stimulation of WI38 cell proliferation in the presence of glucocorticoids: Characteristics of the stimulatory factor(s) involved in this response

Chronic exposure to hydrocortisone (HC) or dexamethasone (DEX) results in a 20-40% extension in the proliferative lifespan of WI38 cells. Within a single growth cycle, the addition of HC or DEX at seeding results in saturation densities 20-40% higher than in control cultures. We have recently reported that, within a single growth cycle, the proliferative response of WI38 cells to glucocorticoids is mediated by a stimulatory factor(s) present in medium conditioned by cells in the presence of the hormone. We report here that chronic exposure to medium conditioned in the presence of HC for the first 24 h after seeding (24-h HC-conditioned medium (24-h HC-CM)) results in a 25% extension in the proliferative lifespan of these cultures. The generation of the stimulatory factor(s) present in glucocorticoid-conditioned medium is apparently dependent upon undefined cellular alterations which result from the subcultivation-procedure; confluent or low-density quiescent cultures did not generate media stimulatory to cell growth in the presence of glucocorticoids. This response was not trypsin-dependent, since cultures subcultivated in the absence of proteolytic treatment generated media equally stimulatory to cell growth. A further characterization of this glucocorticoid-induced activity revealed the stimulatory factor(s) was of low MW (dialyzable and recoverable in the less than 10,000 MW fraction following ultrafiltration), heat-stable (95 degrees C), and resistant to treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or protease (S. griseus).
Immunofluorescent spectral analysis reveals the intrathecal cannabinoid agonist, AM1241, produces spinal anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in neuropathic rats exhibiting relief from allodynia.

During pathological pain, the actions of the endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R), leads to effective anti-allodynia and modifies a variety of spinal microglial and astrocyte responses. Here, following spinal administration of the CB2R compound, AM1241, we examined immunoreactive alterations in markers for activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as degradative endocannabinoid enzymes, and markers for altered glial responses in neuropathic rats. In these studies, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia were examined. AM1241 produced profound anti-allodynia with corresponding immunoreactive levels of p38 mitogen-activated kinase, IL-1β, IL-10, the endocannabinoid enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase, and astrocyte activation markers that were similar to nonneuropathic controls. In contrast, spinal AM1241 did not suppress the increased microglial responses observed in neuropathic rats. The differences in fluorescent markers were determined within discrete anatomical regions by applying spectral analysis methods, which virtually eliminated nonspecific signal during the quantification of specific immunofluorescent intensity. These data reveal expression profiles that support the actions of intrathecal AM1241 control pathological pain through anti-inflammatory mechanisms by modulating critical glial factors, and additionally decrease expression levels of endocannabinoid degradative enzymes.